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8207 | which factors are common to both gradualism and punctuated equilibrium? | [
{
"docid": "D2970450#0",
"title": "http://www.weegy.com/?ConversationId=B255A377\n.",
"text": "Question and answer Q: Which factors are common to both gradualism and punctuated equilibrium? A. Migration, genetic drift, speciation, and natural selection B. Allele change and microevolution C. Slow adaptation, stasis, and expansion A: A.) Gradualism Get an answer Search for an answer or ask Weegy (Free)Which factors are common to both gradualism and punctuated equilibrium? A. Migration, genetic drift, speciation, and natural selection B. Allele change and microevolution C. Slow adaptation, stasis, and expansion Original conversation User: Why do you think species remain in a stage of stasis? A. A stable ecological niche leads to absence of selection pressure, which in turn causes species to remain unmodified or in stasis. B. An unstable ecological niche leads to various selection pressures, which in turn causes the species to remain in a stage of stasis. C. A stable ecological niche leads to various selection pressures, which in turn causes species to remain unmodified or in stasis. User: Which factors are common to both gradualism and punctuated equilibrium? A. Migration, genetic drift, speciation, and natural selection B. Allele change and microevolution C. Slow adaptation, stasis, and expansion Weegy: A.) Gradualism Expert answered| patmarone |Points 4979|Log in for more information. Question Asked 5/23/2012 1:37:51 PM0 Answers/Comments New answers Rating There are no new answers. Comments There are no comments."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D3246212#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/33359868/evolution-mastering-bio-flash-cards/\nEvolution Mastering Bio",
"text": "\"127 terms hlkelly17 PLUSEvolution Mastering Bio Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort The Galápagos Islands are cooled by the _____. Humboldt Current How many finch species did Darwin send to the British Museum? 13Darwin's thinking while on the Beagle was greatly influenced by his reading of a book written by _____. Lyell Which of these is a consequence of uniformitarianism? Earth is very old. Uniformitarianism holds that geologic processes occur today in much the same way as they did in the past. The Argentinean pampas are a type of _____. grassland At the fossil site at Punta Alta, Darwin found evidence _____."
},
{
"docid": "D2177280#0",
"title": "http://www.studymode.com/subjects/describe-the-forces-that-move-a-market-towards-this-equilibrium-page1.html\n\"\"\"Describe The Forces That Move A Market Towards This Equilibrium\"\" Essays and Research Papers\"",
"text": "\"Describe The Forces That Move A Market Towards This Equilibrium MARKET EQUILIBRIUM Consumers and producers react differently to price changes. Higher prices tend to reduce demand while encouraging supply, and lower prices increase demand while discouraging supply. Market equilibrium in this case refers market state where the supply in the market is equal to the demand in the market. Economic theory suggests that, in a free market there will be a single price which brings demand and supply into balance, called equilibrium price. If a market is at equilibrium... Demand curve, Economic equilibrium, Economic surplus 1282 Words | 8 Pages Open Documentmarket equilibrium Market Equilibrium Equilibrium refers to a state in which all buyers and sellers are satisfied with their respective quantities at the market price. A market is said to be in equilibrium when no buyer or seller has any incentive to alter their behaviour, so that there is no tendency for production or prices in that market to change. Market equilibrium is an optimal economic position, as imbalances in quantity demanded and quantity supplied lead to shortages and surpluses . At equilibrium, the... Economic equilibrium, Economic surplus, Foundations of Economic Analysis 1290 Words | 4 Pages Open Document Market Equilibrium Market Equilibrium Process ECO/560 August 1, 2012 David Flesh Market Equilibrium Process Managers must understand the marketequilibrium process to make a proper determination on their products. In this paper this author will analyze the law of demand, determinants of demand law of supply, determinants of supply, market equilibrium, changes in equilibrium, Kellogg’s equilibrium analysis, efficient market theory, and surplus and shortage. Law of Supply and Demand In business there must be... Economic efficiency, Economic equilibrium, Economic surplus 976 Words | 3 Pages Open Document Market Equilibrium Process Market Equilibrium Process Nefertiti Mc Donald Eco 561 Professor Somerset Introduction In today’s economic culture, there is currently a huge significance in being able to analyze or understand the state of the economy to which we live in."
},
{
"docid": "D2268631#0",
"title": "http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/250/25009_16.html\nPopulation Genetics",
"text": "\"Population Genetics is the study of genetic events at the level of the population, and hence, genetics as it pertains to evolution. In studying population genetics, (one branch of evolutionary genetics ), the investigator studies evolution by mathematically modeling changing gene frequencies in populations, and comparing those models to what happens in natural populations. The Terminologypopulation: all individuals of the same species living in a defined geographic (or smaller, organismal) area.deme - a local, actively interbreeding population that shares a distinct gene pool. ( Isolation of a deme fronm other conspecific demes can result in the generation of subspecies (microevolution) or even reproductive isolation (macroevolution/speciation).gene pool: all the genes at all loci in every member of an interbreeding population.evolution: change over timeorganic evolution: change in living organisms over timemicroevolution - genetic change within a speciesmacroevolution - reproductive isolation between members of a previously interbreeding population, resulting in two new (daughter/sibling) species (a.k.a. speciation )adaptation - short term changes in physiology, morphology, metabolism, etc. made by an individual organism in response to environmental changes Remember: Individuals adapt. Only populations evolve. The goal of the population geneticist is to understand the genetic composition of a population and the forces that determine and change that genetic composition. Understanding these forces at the population level helps us reconstruct the course of evolution and the various interacting forces that drive it. How did the tremendous variety of earth's biodiversity evolve?"
},
{
"docid": "D1464331#0",
"title": "http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Punctuated_equilibrium\nPunctuated equilibrium",
"text": "\"Punctuated equilibriumnavigation search Definitionnoun A theory that describes an evolutionary change happening rapidly and in brief geological events in between the long periods of stasis (or equilibrium )Supplement Punctuated equilibrium is a theory describing an evolutionary change that occurs rapidly and in brief geological events in between the long periods of stasis (or equilibrium ). The theory is based on the stasis in fossil records, and when phenotypic evolution occurs, it is localized in rare, rapid events of branching speciation. Accordingly, the theory assumes that when there is a significant evolutionary change, cladogenesis occurs. Cladogenesis is the process where a species splits into two distinct spcies instead of one species transforming into another over time. 1 The American paleontologists Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould first proposed the theory in 1972. They referred to it as punctuated equilibria. 2 This theory is presented to contrast phyletic gradualism. In the latter, evolution is described to happen smoothly and continuously (anagenesis). Synonym (s):punctuationalism See also:evolution Reference (s):1 Gould, S. J., & Eldredge, N. (1977). \"\" Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered.\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D48518#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistic_function\nLogistic function",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For the recurrence relation, see Logistic map. Standard logistic sigmoid function i.e. A logistic function or logistic curve is a common \"\"S\"\" shape ( sigmoid curve ), with equation:wheree = the natural logarithm base (also known as Euler's number ),x 0 = the x -value of the sigmoid's midpoint,L = the curve's maximum value, andk = the steepness of the curve. [ 1]For values of x in the domain of real numbers from −∞ to +∞, the S-curve shown on the right is obtained (with the graph of f approaching L as x approaches +∞ and approaching zero as x approaches −∞). The function was named in 1844–1845 by Pierre François Verhulst, who studied it in relation to population growth. [ 2] The initial stage of growth is approximately exponential; then, as saturation begins, the growth slows, and at maturity, growth stops. The logistic function finds applications in a range of fields, including artificial neural networks, biology (especially ecology ), biomathematics, chemistry, demography, economics, geoscience, mathematical psychology, probability, sociology, political science, linguistics, and statistics. Contents1 Mathematical properties1.1 Derivative1.2 Integral1.3 Logistic differential equation1.4 Rotational symmetry about (0, ½)2 Applications2.1 In ecology: modeling population growth2.1.1 Time-varying carrying capacity2.2 In statistics and machine learning2.2.1 Logistic regression2.2.2 Neural networks2.3 In medicine: modeling of growth of tumors2.4 In chemistry: reaction models2.5 In physics: Fermi distribution2.6 In linguistics: language change2.7 In agriculture: modeling crop response2.8 In economics and sociology: diffusion of innovations3 See also4 Notes5 References6 External links Mathematical properties [ edit]The standard logistic function is the logistic function with parameters ( k = 1, x 0 = 0, L = 1) which yieldsf xtanh In practice, due to the nature of the exponential function e − x, it is often sufficient to compute the standard logistic function for x over a small range of real numbers such as a range contained in [−6, +6]. The logistic function has the symmetry property that: Thus, is an odd function. The logistic function is an offset and scaled hyperbolic tangent functionor. This follows fromtanh xf 2 xf2 x2f 2 x 1. Derivative [ edit]The standard logistic function has an easily calculated derivative: The derivative of the logistic function is an even function:namely,Integral [ edit]Conversely, its antiderivative can be computed by the substitution, since, so (dropping the constant of integration ):∫ ∫In artificial neural networks, this is known as the softplus function, and (with scaling) is a smooth approximation of the ramp function, just as the logistic function (with scaling) is a smooth approximation of the Heaviside step function."
},
{
"docid": "D713299#0",
"title": "http://mygeologypage.ucdavis.edu/cowen/historyoflife/speciationmode.html\n.",
"text": "\"How does speciation occur? The fossil record tells us that new species have evolved from pre-existing ones. The process of speciation has been difficult to observe, however, and there is still a great deal of controversy about the mechanisms of speciation. No one doubts that it occurs frequently, at least on a geological time-scale. No one has seen a new species form in ecological time, although some cases come very close (see below). You would expect, then, that the geological record, which is so much longer and more incomplete, would hardly ever sample speciation events. We need to include that fact in any theory of speciation. In fact, then, both biologists and paleontologists must infer what happens, and it is very difficult to sort out where fact ends and where interpretation begins. Possibly the term \"\"speciation\"\" may cover a broad spectrum of events: we already know that some species differ by as few as three genes from others, a difference that would be less than brother-sister differences in other organisms. Here are some theoretical models of speciation."
},
{
"docid": "D345349#0",
"title": "https://www.studystack.com/flashcard-1373322\n.",
"text": "\"Bio101 Chpt 14 & 15Question Answer Which concept of species would be most useful to a field biologist identifying new plant species in a tropical forest? morphological The largest unit within which gene flow can readily occur is a ? species Which of the following is an example of a postzygotic reproductive barrier? Hybrid offspring of two species of jimsonweeds always die before reproducing. Biologists have found more than 500 species of fruit flies on the various Hawaiian Islands, all apparently descended from a single ancestor species. This example illustrates? adaptive radiation A new plant species C, which formed from hybridization of species A (2n=16) with species B (2n=12) , would probably produce gametes with a chromosome number of 14A horse (2n=64) and a donkey (2n=62) can mate and produce a mule. Hw many chromosomes would there be in a mules' body cells? 63What prevents horses and donkeys from hybridizing to form a new species? limited hbrid fertility When hybrids produced in a hybrid zone can breed with each other and with both parent species, and they survivie and reproduce as well as members of the parent species, one would predict that?"
},
{
"docid": "D893221#0",
"title": "https://www.ukessays.com/essays/business/internal-and-external-factors-affecting-organisational-behaviour-business-essay.php\nFactors Affecting Organisational Behaviour",
"text": "\"Factors Affecting Organisational Behaviour Print Reference this Published: 23rd March, 2015 Last Edited: 28th December, 2016Disclaimer: This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UK Essays. Keywords: group behaviour, group functioning Organisational behaviour is a chief component of any business school core curriculum because it sets out to help students comprehend how human beings deal with being part of organisations, large or small, working in teams and so forth. It is, fundamentally, the study of the 'soft' end of business. The theories derive from a diversity of disciplines including sociology and psychology. It disquiets itself with the problematical patterns of individual and group working. Thus the apparent aim of the study of organisational behaviour is to understand why people work in positive ways and then working out how to use this knowledge to improve the use of resources. Factors Effecting behaviour at work: The role of work has changed throughout the world due to economic conditions and social demands. Originally, work was a matter of necessity and survival."
},
{
"docid": "D2155931#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disruptive_selection\nDisruptive selection",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( December 2009) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)These charts depict the different types of genetic selection. On each graph, the x-axis variable is the type of phenotypic trait and the y-axis variable is the amount of organisms. Group A is the original population and Group B is the population after selection. Graph 1 shows directional selection, in which a single extreme phenotype is favored. Graph 2 depicts stabilizing selection, where the intermediate phenotype is favored over the extreme traits. Graph 3 shows disruptive selection, in which the extreme phenotypes are favored over the intermediate. A chart showing three types of selection Disruptive selection, also called diversifying selection, describes changes in population genetics in which extreme values for a trait are favored over intermediate values."
},
{
"docid": "D46381#0",
"title": "http://www.dictionary.com/browse/evolution\nevolution",
"text": "\"evolution [ev- uh - loo -sh uh n or, esp. British, ee-v uh -]Spell Syllables Synonyms Examples Word Origin See more synonyms on Thesaurus.comnoun1. any process of formation or growth; development: the evolution of a language; the evolution of the airplane.2. a product of such development; something evolved: The exploration of space is the evolution of decades of research.3. Biology. change in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation by such processes as mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift.4. a process of gradual, peaceful, progressive change or development, as in social or economic structure or institutions.5. a motion incomplete in itself, but combining with coordinated motions to produce a single action, as in a machine.6. a pattern formed by or as if by a series of movements: the evolutions of a figure skater.7. an evolving or giving off of gas, heat, etc.8."
},
{
"docid": "D1124767#0",
"title": "http://www.weegy.com/?ConversationId=61CE2FAB\n.",
"text": "Question and answer Q: What can Darwin's original view of evolutionary change be characterized as? A. gradualism B. coevolution C. convergent evolution D. punctuated equilibrium A: D. Punctuated equilibrium . Darwin's original view of evolutionary change be characterized as Punctuated equilibrium. Get an answer Search for an answer or ask Weegy (Free)What can Darwin's original view of evolutionary change be characterized as? A. gradualism B. coevolution C. convergent evolution D. punctuated equilibrium"
},
{
"docid": "D622126#0",
"title": "http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Cladistics\nCladistics",
"text": "\"navigation search We're all homos here Evolution Relevant Hominidae Charles Darwin Gregor Mendel Alfred Russel Wallace Richard Dawkins Jerry Coyne A Gradual Science Amphibian DNAGene-centered view of evolution James A. Shapiro Plain Monkey Business Young Earth Creationism Old Earth Creationism Intelligent Design\"\" Microevolution \"\" vs.\"\" Macroevolution \"\"v - t - e In biology, cladistics (from ancient Greek κλάδος, klados, \"\"branch\"\"; originally called phylogenetic systematics) is a taxonomical technique for arranging organisms according to how they branch in the evolutionary tree of life. [ 1]A group of organisms is analysed and classified into a tree-like diagram called a cladogram, showing hypothesised lines of descent. The analysis may use morphological similarity (per earlier taxonomic methods), but most often DNA differences ( molecular data) and biochemical data. Cladistics has all but taken over from the older Linnaean taxonomy, which originated before the theories of evolution and common descent. Cladistic techniques do not assume any particular theory of evolution, only the concept of descent with modification. As such, cladistic methods are usefully applied to non-biological systems, including historical linguistics and textual criticism. [ 2] Even creationism had to create its own version of cladistics, called baraminology . Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Cladograms3 Cladistic classification4 Cladistics v. Linnaean taxonomy5 How to do cladistics6 Definitions7 External links8 References History [ edit]The school of thought now known as cladistics took inspiration from the work of Willi Hennig, though he did not use the word, calling his approach phylogenetic systematics. Hennig's work systematised techniques biologists had been using for decades. The term \"\"clade\"\" was introduced in 1958 by Julian Huxley, \"\"cladistic\"\" by Cain and Harrison in 1960 and \"\"cladist\"\" (for an adherent of Hennig's school) by Mayr in 1965."
},
{
"docid": "D832055#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciation\nSpeciation",
"text": "\"For the electrochemical phenomenon, see Ion speciation. Part of a series on Evolutionary biology Diagrammatic representation of the divergence of modern taxonomic groups from their common ancestor Key topics [show]Processes and outcomes [show]Natural history [show]History of evolutionary theory [show]Fields and applications [show]Social implications [show]Evolutionary biology portal Category Book Related topicsv t e Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. The biologist Orator F. Cook coined the term in 1906 for cladogenesis, the splitting of lineages, as opposed to anagenesis, phyletic evolution within lineages. [ 1] [2] [3] Charles Darwin was the first to describe the role of natural selection in speciation in his 1859 book The Origin of Species. [ 4] He also identified sexual selection as a likely mechanism, but found it problematic. There are four geographic modes of speciation in nature, based on the extent to which speciating populations are isolated from one another: allopatric, peripatric, parapatric, and sympatric. Speciation may also be induced artificially, through animal husbandry, agriculture, or laboratory experiments. Whether genetic drift is a minor or major contributor to speciation is the subject matter of much ongoing discussion. Contents [ hide ]1 Historical background1.1 Darwin's dilemma: Why do species exist?1.2 The effect of sexual reproduction on species formation2 Modes2.1 Allopatric2.2 Peripatric2.3 Parapatric2.4 Sympatric3 Methods of selection3.1 Reinforcement3.2 Ecological3.3 Sexual selection4 Artificial speciation5 Genetics5.1 Speciation via polyploidization5.2 Hybrid speciation5.3 Gene transposition6 Rates6.1 Punctuated evolution7 See also8 References9 Bibliography10 Further reading11 External links Historical background [ edit]Main article: History of speciation In addressing the question of the origin of species, there are two key issues: (1) what are the evolutionary mechanisms of speciation, and (2) what accounts for the separateness and individuality of species in the biota? Since Charles Darwin's time, efforts to understand the nature of species have primarily focused on the first aspect, and it is now widely agreed that the critical factor behind the origin of new species is reproductive isolation. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3268138#0",
"title": "https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Cladistics\nCladistics",
"text": "\"navigation search We're all homos here Evolution Relevant Hominidae Charles Darwin Gregor Mendel Alfred Russel Wallace Richard Dawkins Jerry Coyne A Gradual Science Amphibian DNAGene-centered view of evolution James A. Shapiro Plain Monkey Business Young Earth Creationism Old Earth Creationism Intelligent Design\"\" Microevolution \"\" vs.\"\" Macroevolution \"\"v - t - e In biology, cladistics (from ancient Greek κλάδος, klados, \"\"branch\"\"; originally called phylogenetic systematics) is a taxonomical technique for arranging organisms according to how they branch in the evolutionary tree of life. [ 1]A group of organisms is analysed and classified into a tree-like diagram called a cladogram, showing hypothesised lines of descent. The analysis may use morphological similarity (per earlier taxonomic methods), but most often DNA differences ( molecular data) and biochemical data. Cladistics has all but taken over from the older Linnaean taxonomy, which originated before the theories of evolution and common descent. Cladistic techniques do not assume any particular theory of evolution, only the concept of descent with modification. As such, cladistic methods are usefully applied to non-biological systems, including historical linguistics and textual criticism. [ 2] Even creationism had to create its own version of cladistics, called baraminology . Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Cladograms3 Cladistic classification4 Cladistics v. Linnaean taxonomy5 How to do cladistics6 Definitions7 External links8 References History [ edit]The school of thought now known as cladistics took inspiration from the work of Willi Hennig, though he did not use the word, calling his approach phylogenetic systematics. Hennig's work systematised techniques biologists had been using for decades. The term \"\"clade\"\" was introduced in 1958 by Julian Huxley, \"\"cladistic\"\" by Cain and Harrison in 1960 and \"\"cladist\"\" (for an adherent of Hennig's school) by Mayr in 1965."
},
{
"docid": "D638566#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gases\nGas",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Gases)navigation search This article is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter. For an automotive fuel, see autogas. For popular contraction for another automotive fuel, see gasoline. For the uses of gases, and other meanings, see Gas (disambiguation). Gas phase particles ( atoms, molecules, or ions) move around freely in the absence of an applied electric field. Continuum mechanics Laws [show]Solid mechanics [show]Fluid mechanics [show]Rheology [show]Scientists [show]v t e Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, liquid, and plasma ). A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon ), elemental molecules made from one type of atom (e.g. oxygen ), or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms (e.g. carbon dioxide ). A gas mixture would contain a variety of pure gases much like the air. What distinguishes a gas from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. This separation usually makes a colorless gas invisible to the human observer."
},
{
"docid": "D111487#0",
"title": "http://www.123helpme.com/search.asp?text=Evolution\n.",
"text": "\"Title Length Color Rating Issues of Tempo and Mode in Evolution - There are many ways to explain how Earth and everything else came to be. Such as, Uniformitarianism, Catastrophism, Gradualism, and Punctuated Equilibrium. Generally, Uniformitarianism and Catastrophism are grouped together while Punctuated Equilibrium and Gradualism are grouped together separately from Uniformitarianism and Catastrophism. Gradualism and Punctuated Equilibrium are usually looked at through a biblical stand point rather than how Uniformitarianism and Catastrophism are looked at from the opposite view.... [tags: Evolution]:: 3 Works Cited615 words (1.8 pages) Better Essays [preview]Proof of the Existence of Evolution - Since the publishing of Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species, where the theory of evolution has arisen from, people have debated Creationism versus Evolution. Through supporting facts and statements the theory of evolution will be defended as being more than just a theory, and proven as fact. Evolution as a fact is reinforced through; scientific studies on DNA, genetics and its mutilation, the Fossil Record and the change in earlier species that has been found, and finally the distribution of related species of animals over a broad geographical range.... [tags: evolution]625 words (1.8 pages) Better Essays [preview]Theory of Evolution - Man could not evolve to any other state, because he was made in the ultimate state. He was made in the image and likeness of the Father so there was no need for evolution; hence, there was no sign of evolution from the beginning. Since sin came into the world, man has been deceived into thinking there is evolution. We are not talking about the theory of evolution that says man started from an amoeba or as an ape and eventually began to walk upright; not that evolution, but evolution in the sense of development.... [tags: Evolution]1355 words (3.9 pages) Strong Essays [preview]Primates and Evolution - What makes a primate a primate. A primate is defined by its many incredible features."
},
{
"docid": "D3491989#0",
"title": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradualism\nGradualism",
"text": "\"Gradualism is a process of change by gradual, slow stages. In politics, it is the opposite of revolutions and rapid change. \"\" Gradualism is... sometimes associated with social democracy \"\". [ 1]In geology it is in tune with uniformitarianism, and against catastrophism. In biology it is in tune with Darwinian ideas of slowly changing species as opposed to big, rapid changes Politics and society [ change | change source]Gradualism is one of the defining features of political liberalism and reformism. It is against abrupt strokes such as revolutions or uprisings. Instead, change ought to be brought about in small, discrete steps. Martin Luther King, Jr. was opposed to the idea of gradualism as a method of eliminating segregation. The government wanted to try to integrate African-Americans and European-Americans slowly into the same society, but many believed it was a way for the government to put off actually doing anything about racial segregation: This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. —"
},
{
"docid": "D3209243#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/5122142/ap-biology-chapter-24-flash-cards/\nAP Biology Chapter 24",
"text": "59 terms pruitt2011AP Biology Chapter 24The Origin of Species Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Which of the following statements about species, as defined by the biological species concept, is (are) correct? I. Biological species are defined by reproductive isolation. II. Biological species are the model used for grouping extinct forms of life. III. The biological species is the largest unit of population in which successful reproduction is possible. A) I only B) II only C) I and III D) II and III E) I, II, and III c What is generally true of two very closely related species that have diverged from each other quite recently? A) They shared a common ancestor recently in evolutionary time. B) Genes are unable to pass from one speciesʹ gene pool to the otherʹs gene pool. C) They are unable to produce hybrid offspring upon interbreeding."
},
{
"docid": "D376840#0",
"title": "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Science+of+Evolution\nevolution",
"text": "\"evolution (redirected from Science of Evolution) Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Encyclopedia .ev·o·lu·tion (ĕv′ə-lo͞o′shən, ē′və-)n.1.a. A gradual process in which something changes into a different and usually morecomplex or better form.b. A result of this process; a development: Judo is an evolution of an earlier martial art.2. Biologya. Change in the genetic composition of a population during successive generations,often resulting in the development of new species. The mechanisms of evolution includenatural selection acting on the genetic variation among individuals, mutation, migration,and genetic drift.b. The historical development of a related group of organisms; phylogeny.3. Astronomy Change in the structure, chemical composition, or dynamical properties of a celestial object or system such as a planetary system, star, or galaxy. Evolution oftenchanges the observable or measurable characteristics of the object or system.4. A movement that is part of a set of ordered movements: naval evolutions in preparation forbattle.5."
},
{
"docid": "D477778#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas\nGas",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter. For an automotive fuel, see autogas. For popular contraction for another automotive fuel, see gasoline. For the uses of gases, and other meanings, see Gas (disambiguation). Gas phase particles ( atoms, molecules, or ions) move around freely in the absence of an applied electric field. Continuum mechanics Laws Solid mechanics Fluid mechanics Rheology Scientistsv t e Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, liquid, and plasma ). A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon ), elemental molecules made from one type of atom (e.g. oxygen ), or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms (e.g. carbon dioxide ). A gas mixture would contain a variety of pure gases much like the air. What distinguishes a gas from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. This separation usually makes a colorless gas invisible to the human observer."
}
] |
8217 | which is a description of achondroplasia | [
{
"docid": "D2938551#0",
"title": "http://www.healthofchildren.com/D/Dwarfism.html\nDwarfism",
"text": "\"Dwarfism Follow City-Data.com founder on our Forum or @Lech Mazur Photo by: Patrick Hermans Definition Dwarfism is a term applied broadly to a number of conditions resulting in unusually short stature. Description While dwarfism is sometimes used to describe achondroplasia, a condition characterized by short stature and disproportionately short arms and legs, it is also used more broadly to refer to a variety of conditions resulting in unusually short stature in both children and adults. In some cases physical development may be disproportionate, as in achondroplasia, but in others the parts of the body develop proportionately. Short stature may be unaccompanied by other symptoms, or it may occur together with other problems, both physical and mental. There are many conditions and diseases that can cause short stature. Some of these conditions involve a primary bone disorder, namely that the bones do not grow and develop normally. These conditions are called skeletal dysplasia. Over 500 specific skeletal dysplasias have been identified. Of these, Achondroplasia is the most common, affecting about 80 percent of all little people. An individual with achondroplasia has disproportionate short stature."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D157737#0",
"title": "http://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-achondroplasia\nWhat is achondroplasia?",
"text": "In: Facts Targeting Disease What is achondroplasia? Achondroplasia is a genetic disorder affecting bone development that results in short-limb dwarfism. Achondroplasia is the most common form of short-limb dwarfism, a disorder in which bone tissue does not develop properly, especially the long bones of the arms and legs. Affects about 1 in 25,000 individuals of all ethnic groups. Genetics Achondroplasia is a single gene disorder? caused by FGFR3Two different mutations in the FGFR3 gene cause more than 99 per cent of cases of achondroplasia. It is a dominant? genetic disease so only one copy of the FGFR3 gene needs to be mutated for symptoms to develop. Achondroplasia can be inherited? from a parent with the disease."
},
{
"docid": "D505742#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_achondroplasia_sex_linked\nWhat is achondroplasia?",
"text": "\"Maggie Mehaffiie 23,033 Contributions What is achondroplasia? Achondroplasia is a genetic disorder that results in abnormalbone growth, short stature and short limbs. Cjonb 19,997 Contributions How can you get Achondroplasia? Achondroplasia, or Dwarfism, is a genetic disorder, both handed down and mutagenic. Quoted from Wikipedia: \"\"Achondroplasia is a result of an autosomal dominant mutation in the …Is achondroplasia a sex linked trait? It isn't - it's found on one of your autosomes: the 22 non-sex chromosomes. It's found on the fourth chromosome. House md 7 Contributions An example of a sex-linked trait? Most sex linked traits are linked to the X chromosome, for example diseases like hemophilia, G6PD, Fragile X syndrome, Lesh-Nyhan, Duchenne Muscular dystrophy, and also red-gr …Laura Gill 4,359 Contributions Is Achondroplasia found in one of the sex chromosomes? No, the alleles for achondroplasia are not found on the sexchromosomes."
},
{
"docid": "D2975130#0",
"title": "http://www.whodiscoveredit.com/who-discovered-hemophilia.html\nWho Discovered Hemophilia?",
"text": "Who Discovered Hemophilia? Marked by the human body’s inability to stop coagulation or blood clotting, hemophilia is a serious disease affecting numerous individuals all over the world. This condition refers to a set of hereditary genetic disorders. Aside from the possible causes, symptoms and treatments for this medical condition, it is also interesting to know its history including who discovered hemophilia. The Discovery of Hemophilia Who discovered hemophilia? A physician from Philadelphia in Pennsylvania named John Conrad Otto was the very first to discover this genetic disorder in 1803. He described the condition as hereditary, which affected males more compared to females. He then tried to track the source of the disease, who then found his way to a woman who lived in Plymouth some time in 1720. In 1828, the term ‘hemophilia’ was first used at the University of Zurich in Switzerland. Additional Facts and Other Important Information This disease was prominent in European royalty, the main reason why it is referred to as the royal disease."
},
{
"docid": "D2810211#0",
"title": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/Romberg's%20sign\nRomberg's sign",
"text": "Medical Dictionary Romberg's signnoun Rom·berg's signvariants: or Romberg sign play \\ ˈräm-ˌbərg (z)- \\Trending Now:oligarch glib depose omnibus acrimony ALLmedical Definition of Romberg's sign: a diagnostic sign of tabes dorsalis and other diseases of the nervous system consisting of a swaying of the body when the feet are placed close together and the eyes are closed Biographical Note for romberg's sign Romberg \\ ˈrȯm-berk \\, Moritz Heinrich (1795–1873), German pathologist. A professor of medicine at Berlin, Romberg wrote the first formal treatise on diseases of the nervous system. Published 1840 to 1846, it was the first attempt to organize scattered data and to systematize methods of treatment. The manual was notable for emphasizing the significance of physiological principles in interpreting neurological function and for its precise clinical illustrations. The treatise contains descriptions of the pathognomonic symptom of tabes dorsalis, now known as Romberg's sign, and of neuralgia affecting the eye, brow, or temple. Romberg is also remembered for his classic description of achondroplasia in 1817. Seen and Heard What made you want to look up Romberg's sign? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).show"
},
{
"docid": "D341814#0",
"title": "http://plaza.ufl.edu/modz9636/osteo2.htm\nAchondroplasia and Hypochondroplasia",
"text": "\"Achondroplasia and Hypochondroplasia European Journal of Radiology www.achondroplasia.co.uk / achon.htm What is Achondroplasia? Bulky forehead, saddle nose, lumbar lordosis, bowlegs Very common today Autosomal dominant The iliac wings are short and squared off Narrowing of the spinal canal Achondroplasia is one of the most common causes of short stature today. People with Achondroplasia have an average body size but disproportionate (shorter) limbs. The average height of a male is 4'4\"\" and a female is 4'1\"\". This is due to the long bones growing more slowly as opposed to the rest of the body, both in the womb and throughout childhood. Young children with Achondroplasia may have hearing, speech or breathing problems, but all of these are treatable. Most problems begin during the ossification process in the skeletal precursors of the foetus. There are two different methods of ossification that take place in the body: Intramembranous Ossification: the bone formation of the skull, face and clavicle Intracartilaginous Ossification: the formation of the remaining bones. The skull, face and clavicle are all normal in achondroplasia because the first method is completed normally, but the second method is defective. This results in the retardation of the ossification of the remainder of the skeleton."
},
{
"docid": "D285910#0",
"title": "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/d/dwarfism/causes.htm\nCauses of Dwarfism",
"text": "Causes of Dwarfism Intro Symptoms Types Causes Tests Prognosis Treatment Misdiagnosis Deaths Must Reads in Health Protecting Your Skin During Winter Watch: My Personal Psoriasis Journey Are You Getting The Best Cancer Care? Keeping An Active Lifestyle With COPDLiver Disease? Find a Doc Who Treats PBCAre You Allergic To Your Clothes? Why Psoriasis Treatments Can Fail Contents Dwarfism: Introduction Causes of Dwarfism List of Causes Hidden causes Complication causes Causes of symptoms Related cause information Causes of Dwarfism Most cases of dwarfism are caused by inherited or spontaneous mutations in the FGFR3 gene, or deletions of the X chromosome. List of causes of Dwarfism Following is a list of causes or underlying conditions (see also Misdiagnosis of underlying causes of Dwarfism ) that could possibly cause Dwarfism includes: Achondroplasia Malnutrition Diseases causing malnutrition Malabsorption Cystic fibrosis Celiac disease Lung disease Congenital heart disease Congenital hypothyroidism Rickets Pituitary gland disorders Down syndrome Turner syndrome Oliver-Mc Farlane syndrome - dwarfism Nievergelt syndrome - dwarfism Morquio syndrome - dwarfism Lanzietri syndrome - dwarfism Kenny-Caffey syndrome, Type 2 - dwarfism Franceschini-Vardeu-Guala syndrome - dwarfism Acromesomelic dysplasia Brahimi Bacha type - dwarfism Pituitary gland disease Wrinkly skin syndrome - dwarfism Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, Algerian type - dwarfism Pfeiffer-Hirschfelder-Rott syndrome - dwarfism Incontinentia Pigmenti - dwarfism Dreyfus syndrome - dwarfism Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1F - dwarfism Noonan syndrome Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome Rud Syndrome - dwarfism Mucopolysaccharidosis type I Hurler syndrome - dwarfism Mauriac syndrome - dwarfism Deafness, vitiligo, achalasia - dwarfism Chondrodysplasia, Grebe type - dwarfism Steroid drugs Inadequate deprivation Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with dentinogenesis imperfecta - dwarfism Seckel-like syndrome, type Buebel - dwarfism Rowley-Rosenberg syndrome - dwarfism Rayner-Lampert-Rennert syndrome - dwarfism Mucopolysaccharidosis type 2 Hunter syndrome- severe form - dwarfism Microcephalic primordial dwarfism, Toriello type - dwarfism Joint contractures -- dwarfism -- normal intelligence - dwarfism Goldberg syndrome - dwarfism Chromosome 3, trisomy 3q13 2 q25 - dwarfism Chromosome 1, q42 11 q42 12 duplication - dwarfism Chromosome 1, duplication 1p21 p32 - dwarfism Chondrodystrophy - dwarfism Bonneman-Meinecke-Reich syndrome - dwarfism Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 3 - dwarfism Short limb dwarfism, Al Gazali type - dwarfism Rolland-Desbuquois syndrome - dwarfism Nonkeratan-sulfate-excreting Morquio syndrome - dwarfism Dysspondyloenchondromatosis - dwarfism Denys-Corbeel syndrome - dwarfism Astley-Kendall syndrome - dwarfism Precocious puberty Wegmann Jones Smith syndrome - dwarfism Seckel syndrome - dwarfism Dwarfism, short-limb -- absent fibulas -- very short digits - dwarfism Dennis-Fairhurst-Moore syndrome - dwarfism Cantú syndrome - dwarfism Bowing of legs, anterior, with dwarfism - dwarfism Pituitary Cancer - dwarfism Osteogenesis imperfecta - dwarfism Weismann-Netter-Stuhl Syndrome - dwarfism Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, micromelic - dwarfism Mucopolysaccharidosis type 2 Hunter syndrome- mild form - dwarfism Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, type 1 - dwarfism Kenny-Caffey Syndrome - dwarfism Hypophosphatasia - dwarfism Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VII - dwarfism Dwarfism -- deafness -- retinitis pigmentosa - dwarfism Acrofrontofacionasal dysostosis syndrome - dwarfism Abderhalden-Kaufmann-Lignac syndrome - dwarfism De Lange syndrome Short limb dwarf mental retardation myopia - dwarfism Micromelic dwarfism, Fryns type - dwarfism Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, type 2 - dwarfism Eccentrochondrodysplasia - dwarfism Bird-headed dwarfism, Montreal type - dwarfism Acro coxo mesomelic dysplasia - dwarfism Hanhart syndrome type IV - dwarfism Sponastrime dysplasia - dwarfism Moynahan syndrome I - dwarfism Morquio syndrome type A - dwarfism Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, type 3 - dwarfism Low birth weight -- dwarfism -- dysgammaglobulinemia - dwarfism Larsen-like osseous dysplasia -- dwarfism - dwarfism HEM dysplasia - dwarfism Brachydactyly -- dwarfism -- mental retardation - dwarfism Von Gierke's syndrome Stimmler syndrome - dwarfism Spranger syndrome - dwarfism Shwachman syndrome - dwarfism Morquio syndrome, type B - dwarfism Mental retardation, Mietens-Weber type - dwarfism Fanconi syndrome - dwarfism Colavita-Kozlowski syndrome - dwarfism Blue Diaper Syndrome - dwarfism Fetal alcohol syndrome Pituitary gland tumor Wolcott-Rallison syndrome - dwarfism Wellesley Carmen French syndrome - Dwarfism Progeria - dwarfism Leschke-Ullmann syndrome - dwarfism Kenny-Caffey syndrome, Type 1 - dwarfism Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 2C - dwarfism Chromosome 3, monosomy 3p25 - dwarfism Cantu Sanchez-Corona Fragoso syndrome - dwarfism Boomerang dysplasia - dwarfism Acrofacial dysostosis Catania form - dwarfism Hurler syndrome More causes: see full list of causes for Dwarfism Dwarfism: Related Medical Conditions To research the causes of Dwarfism, consider researching the causes of these these diseases that may be similar, or associated with Dwarfism: Skeletal dysplasia Disproportional short stature Short stature Dwarfism Osteochondrodysplasias Thanatophoric dysplasia Achondroplasia Osteogenesis imperfecta Achondrogenesis Chondrodysplasia punctata Homozygous achondroplasia Camptomelic dysplasia Congenital lethal hypophosphatasia Dwarfism: Causes and Types Causes of Types of Dwarfism: Review the cause informationfor the various types of Dwarfism: Achondroplasia - a genetic type of dwarfismmore types...»Causes of Broader Categories of Dwarfism: Review the causal information about the various more general categories of medical conditions: Growth conditions Musculoskeletal conditionsmore types...»Dwarfism as a complication of other conditions: Other conditions that might have Dwarfism as a complication may, potentially, be an underlying cause of Dwarfism. Our database lists the following as having Dwarfism as a complication of that condition: Hanhart syndrome type IVOsteogenesis imperfecta Pituitary Cancer Dwarfism as a symptom: Conditions listing Dwarfism as a symptom may also be potential underlying causes of Dwarfism. Our database lists the following as having Dwarfism as a symptom of that condition: Abderhalden-Kaufmann-Lignac syndrome Achondroplasia Acro coxo mesomelic dysplasia Acrofacial dysostosis Catania form Acrofrontofacionasal dysostosis syndrome Acromesomelic dysplasia Brahimi Bacha type Astley-Kendall syndrome Bird-headed dwarfism, Montreal type Blue Diaper Syndrome Bonneman-Meinecke-Reich syndrome Boomerang dysplasia Bowing of legs, anterior, with dwarfism Brachydactyly -- dwarfism -- mental retardation Cantu Sanchez-Corona Fragoso syndrome Cantú syndrome Chondrodysplasia, Grebe type Chondrodystrophy Chromosome 1, duplication 1p21 p32Chromosome 1, q42 11 q42 12 duplication Chromosome 3, monosomy 3p25Chromosome 3, trisomy 3q13 2 q25Colavita-Kozlowski syndrome Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1FCongenital disorder of glycosylation type 2CDeafness, vitiligo, achalasia Dennis-Fairhurst-Moore syndrome Denys-Corbeel syndrome Dreyfus syndrome Dwarfism -- deafness -- retinitis pigmentosa Dwarfism lethal type advanced bone age Dwarfism, short-limb -- absent fibulas -- very short digits Dysspondyloenchondromatosis Eccentrochondrodysplasia Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIIFanconi syndrome Franceschini-Vardeu-Guala syndrome Goldberg syndrome HEM dysplasia Hurler syndrome Hypophosphatasia Ichthyosis male hypogonadism Incontinentia Pigmenti Joint contractures -- dwarfism -- normal intelligence Kenny-Caffey Syndrome Kenny-Caffey syndrome, Type 1Kenny-Caffey syndrome, Type 2Lanzietri syndrome Larsen-like osseous dysplasia -- dwarfism Leschke-Ullmann syndrome Low birth weight -- dwarfism -- dysgammaglobulinemia Mauriac syndrome Mental retardation, Mietens-Weber type Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, type 1Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, type 2Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, type 3Microcephalic primordial dwarfism, Toriello type Micromelic dwarfism, Fryns type Morquio syndrome Morquio syndrome type AMorquio syndrome, type BMoynahan syndrome IMPS-IV (Morquio Disease)Mucopolysaccharidosis type 2 Hunter syndrome- mild form Mucopolysaccharidosis type 2 Hunter syndrome- severe form Mucopolysaccharidosis type I Hurler syndrome Nievergelt syndrome Nonkeratan-sulfate-excreting Morquio syndrome Norfloxacin -- Teratogenic Agent Oliver-Mc Farlane syndrome Pfeiffer-Hirschfelder-Rott syndrome Progeria Rayner-Lampert-Rennert syndrome Rolland-Desbuquois syndrome Rowley-Rosenberg syndrome Rud Syndrome Seckel syndrome Seckel-like syndrome, type Buebel Short limb dwarf mental retardation myopia Short limb dwarfism, Al Gazali type Shwachman syndrome Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome Sponastrime dysplasia Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, micromelic Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with dentinogenesis imperfecta Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, Algerian type Spranger syndrome Stimmler syndrome Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 3Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome Type IIIWegmann Jones Smith syndrome Weismann-Netter-Stuhl Syndrome Wellesley Carmen French syndrome Wolcott-Rallison syndrome Wrinkly skin syndrome Related information on causes of Dwarfism: As with all medical conditions, there may be many causal factors. Further relevant information on causes of Dwarfism may be found in: Contagiousness for Dwarfism Genetics of Dwarfism Hidden causes of Dwarfism» Next page: Symptoms of Dwarfism Medical Tools & Articles: Tools & Services: Bookmark this page Symptom Search Symptom Checker Medical Dictionary Medical Articles: Disease & Treatments Search Misdiagnosis Center Full list of interesting"
},
{
"docid": "D1686051#0",
"title": "http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/jayarajvet-1820422-lethal-genes/\nLethal Genes",
"text": "Lethal Genesjayarajvet Download Share Add to Flag Embed Views: 2791 Category: Science & Tech.. License: All Rights Reserved Presentation Description No description available. Comments Presentation Transcript Lethal Genes: Lethal Genes Dr R Jayashree, Asst. Prof (AGB), Veterinary College, Bangalore AGB 121 Dept. Of AGB, Veterinary College Hebbal , Bangalore-24Lethal Genes: Lethal Genes Genes with regular fatal effects are called lethal genes Some lethal genes are completely recessive and produce no effect in heterozygous state Some maybe semi lethal or sub-lethal in heterozygous state such genes modify the classical Mendelian Ratio Some lethals may be dominant Dr R Jayashree, Asst. Prof (AGB), Veterinary College, Bangalore LETHAL GENE: LETHAL GENE A lethal gene causes death of individual in the appropriate genotype before they reach adulthood. 1904 French geneticist Lucien Cuenot , discovered a recessive lethal affecting coat colour in mice. Dr R Jayashree, Asst. Prof (AGB), Veterinary College, Bangalore LETHAL GENE: LETHAL GENE Y ellow colour is dominant C rossing 2 yellow mice the ratio was 2:1 ratio Crossing yellow with recessive wild type (grey) it was found that all were yellow. Concluded all yellow mice were heterozygotes . Dr R Jayashree, Asst."
},
{
"docid": "D1583624#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_named_achondroplasia\nWho discovered achondroplasia?",
"text": "\"Arianblom 2,377 Contributions Who discovered achondroplasia? Achondroplasia was discovered in the year 1994 by a group of scientists led by Dr. John Wasmuth. According to findings, this type of dwarfism resulted from the mutation of the …Maggie Mehaffiie 23,033 Contributions What is achondroplasia? Achondroplasia is a genetic disorder that results in abnormalbone growth, short stature and short limbs. How was achondroplasia named? By Pierre Maroteaux When was achondroplasia discovered?in 1994 by dr. john wasmuth and his colleagues Who does achondroplasia affect?it affects all the animals of the world! (: What are the effects of achondroplasia? Achondroplasia can affect many parts of the body, Some people with this condition can find it hard to walk for a long time, or they can suffer from back pain caused by the spi …Who is affected achondroplasia? The offspring of the parents are affected How is Achondroplasia inherited?uhh uba scuba diver Is there a cure for achondroplasia?"
},
{
"docid": "D906969#0",
"title": "https://www.medicinenet.com/birth_defects/article.htm\nBirth Defects",
"text": "home / healthy kids health center / healthy kids a-z list / birth defects center / birth defects article Birth Defects Birth Defects Center Stages of Pregnancy Slideshow Pictures Slideshow of Early Pregnancy Symptoms Conception (Egg to Embryo) Slideshow Pictures Patient Comments: Birth Defects - Personal Experience Find a local Pediatrician in your town Birth defects facts*What are birth defects? What causes birth defects? What are the different types of birth defects? What are the treatments for birth defects? Birth defects facts**Birth defects facts by John P. Cunha, DO, FACOEBirth defects are structural or functional abnormalities present at birth that cause physical or mental disability. They are the leading cause of death for infants during the first year of life. Birth defects may be caused by genetic problems, problems with chromosomes, or environmental factors. Structural birth defects are related to a problem with body parts such as cleft lip or cleft palate, heart defects such as missing or misshaped valves, abnormal limbs such as a club foot, and neural tube defects such as spina bifida. Functional birth defects are related to a problem with how a body part or body system works. These problems often lead to developmental disabilities and can include things such as nervous system or brain problems, sensory problems, metabolic disorders, and degenerative disorders."
},
{
"docid": "D325539#0",
"title": "http://www.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/achondroplasia/overview.html\nAchondroplasia",
"text": "\"Search Health 3,000+ Topics Send Feedback Health > Times Health Guide > a > Achondroplasia Achondroplasia Overview Causes Symptoms Exams and Tests Treatment Outlook (Prognosis)Possible Complications When to Contact a Medical Professional Prevention References Related Topics Growth Hormone Deficiency - Children Achondroplasia is a disorder of bone growth that causes the most common type of dwarfism. Reference from A. D. A. M. Back to Top Causes Achondroplasia is one of a group of disorders called chondrodystrophies or osteochondrodysplasias. Achondroplasia may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, which means that if a child gets the defective gene from one parent, the child will have the disorder. If one parent has achondroplasia, the infant has a 50% chance of inheriting the disorder. If both parents have the condition, the infant's chances of being affected increase to 75%. However, most cases appear as spontaneous mutations. This means that two parents without achondroplasia may give birth to a baby with the condition. Back to Top Symptoms The typical appearance of achondroplastic dwarfism can be seen at birth. Symptoms may include: Abnormal hand appearance with persistent space between the long and ring fingers Bowed legs Decreased muscle tone Disproportionately large head-to-body size difference Prominent forehead ( frontal bossing)Shortened arms and legs (especially the upper arm and thigh)Short stature (significantly below the average height for a person of the same age and sex)Spinal stenosis Spine curvatures called kyphosis and lordosis Back to Top Exams and Tests During pregnancy, a prenatal ultrasound may show excessive amniotic fluid surrounding the unborn infant. Examination of the infant after birth shows increased front-to-back head size."
},
{
"docid": "D732741#0",
"title": "https://medlineplus.gov/dwarfism.html\nDwarfism",
"text": "\"On this page Basics Summary Start Here Diagnosis and Tests Learn More Specifics Genetics See, Play and Learn No links available Research Statistics and Research Clinical Trials Journal Articles Resources Find an Expert For You Children Teenagers Patient Handouts Summary People with dwarfism have short stature. This means that their height is under 4' 10\"\" as an adult. They are usually of normal intelligence. Dwarfism most often does happen in families where both parents are of average height. More than 300 different conditions can cause dwarfism. Achondroplasia is the most common type of dwarfism. Achondroplasia is a genetic condition that affects about 1 in 15,000 to 1 in 40,000 people. It makes your arms and legs short in comparison to your head and trunk. You may also have a larger head and weak muscle tone. Other genetic conditions, kidney disease, and problems with metabolism or hormones can also cause dwarfism."
},
{
"docid": "D732130#0",
"title": "http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/dwarfism.html\n.",
"text": "\"Kids Health / For Parents / Dwarfism What's in this article? Listenen español Enanismo There's been a lot of discussion over the years about the proper way to refer to someone with dwarfism. Many people who have the condition prefer the term \"\"little person\"\" or \"\"person of short stature.\"\" For some, \"\"dwarf\"\" is acceptable. For most, \"\"midget\"\" definitely is not. But here's an idea everyone can agree on: Why not simply call a person with dwarfism by his or her name? Being of short stature is only one of the characteristics that make a little person who he or she is. If you're the parent or loved one of a little person, you know this to be true. Dwarfism Facts Here are some facts that other people may not realize about dwarfism and those who have it. Dwarfism:is characterized by short stature."
},
{
"docid": "D3076995#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/topic-browse/Health-and-Medicine/Diseases-and-Disorders/Bone-Diseases\nBone Diseases",
"text": "Home / Health and Medicine / Diseases and Disorders / Bone Diseases Bone Diseases Bone disease, any of the diseases or injuries that affect human bones. Diseases and injuries of bones are major causes of abnormalities of the human skeletal system. Although physical injury, causing fracture, dominates over disease, fracture is but one of several common causes of bone disease, and... Displaying Featured Bone Diseases Articles Osteogenesis imperfecta Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), rare hereditary disease of connective tissue characterized by brittle bones that fracture easily. OI arises from a genetic defect that causes abnormal or reduced production of the protein collagen, a major component of connective tissue. There are four types of OI,... Rickets Rickets, disease of infancy and childhood characterized by softening of the bones, leading to abnormal bone growth and caused by a lack of vitamin D in the body. When the disorder occurs in adults, it is known as osteomalacia. Vitamin D (or, more specifically, calcitriol) is a steroid hormone that... Fracture Fracture, in pathology, a break in a bone caused by stress. Certain normal and pathological conditions may predispose bones to fracture. Children have relatively weak bones because of incomplete calcification, and older adults, especially women past menopause, develop osteoporosis, a weakening of... Osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis, infection of bone tissue. The condition is most commonly caused by the infectious organism Staphylococcus aureus, which reaches the bone via the bloodstream or by extension from a local injury; inflammation follows with destruction of the cancellous (porous) bone and marrow, loss of... Osteosarcoma Osteosarcoma, most common bone cancer, primarily affecting the long bones, particularly those in the knee, hip, or shoulder regions."
},
{
"docid": "D43596#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarfism\nDwarfism",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the medical condition. For the legendary creature, see Dwarf (mythology). For other uses, see Dwarf. Dwarfism A man with dwarfism Pronunciation UK: / ˈ d w ɔː f ɪ z əm /; US: / ˈ d w ɔːr f ɪ z əm /Specialty Endocrinology, medical genetics Dwarfism, also known as short stature, occurs when an organism is extremely small. [ 1] In humans, it is sometimes defined as an adult height of less than 4 feet 10 inches (58 in; 147 cm), regardless of sex, although some individuals with dwarfism are slightly taller. [ 2] [3] Disproportionate dwarfism is characterized by either short limbs or a short torso. In cases of proportionate dwarfism, both the limbs and torso are unusually small. Normal intelligence and lifespan are usual. [ 4]Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Those with bone growth disorders can sometimes be treated with surgery, or physical therapy."
},
{
"docid": "D2803353#0",
"title": "http://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/diseases-and-conditions/pathology/growth-disorders\nGrowth Disorders",
"text": "\"Growth Disorders Growth, which usually refers to skeletal growth since it determines final adult height, is an extremely complex process. As such, it is susceptible to a wide range of genetic and physiologic disturbances. Indeed, growth is adversely affected by many if not most chronic diseases of childhood, through many different mechanisms. Skeletal growth depends on hormonal signals for regulation. It also requires the production of adequate amounts of cartilage, because most bone forms within a model or template made from cartilage. Primary disorders of growth, that is, disorders in which growth is intrinsically affected, therefore fall into two major categories: disorders of the endocrine (hormone) system and disorders of the growing skeleton itself (skeletal dysplasias). Many of the former and most of the latter are genetic disorders. Endocrine Disorders Growth hormone (GH) is produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain and is a major regulator of growth. Deficiency of the hormone is the prototype of the inherited endocrine disorders of growth. Although normal in size at birth, infants with GH deficiency exhibit severe postnatal growth deficiency while maintaining normal body proportions."
},
{
"docid": "D2938550#0",
"title": "http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2115\nMedical Definition of Achondroplasia",
"text": "Our Achondroplasia Main Article provides a comprehensive look at the who, what, when and how of Achondroplasia Achondroplasia: The most common form of short stature with disproportionately short limbs -- dwarfism with short arms and legs. Achondroplasia is caused by mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 gene (FGFR3), which is located on chromosome 4 in chromosome band 4p16.3. Aside from short arms and legs, the fingers are short and the ring and middle fingers diverge giving the hand a trident (three- pronged) appearance. There is a typically large head with prominence of the forehead (frontal bossing), underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the midface with cheekbones that lack prominence, and a low nasal bridge with narrow nasal passages. The brain is normal and intelligence is entirely normal in achondroplasia. However, the complications of achondroplasia can impinge on the brain and the spinal cord. Achondroplasia is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait affecting boys and girls equally. The parents of children with achondroplasia are more often than not normal. Most cases of achondroplasia are due to new mutations that appear for the first time in the affected children. Achondroplasia can be diagnosed before birth by molecular means."
},
{
"docid": "D3465343#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexter_cattle\nDexter cattle",
"text": "\"Dexter cattle From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search A Red Chondrodysplastic-Dwarf Dexter cow Dexter cattle are a breed of cattle originating in Ireland. [ 1] The smallest of the European cattle breeds, they are about half the size of a traditional Hereford and about one third the size of a Friesian (Holstein) milking cow. A rare breed until recently, but are now considered a recovering breed by The Livestock Conservancy. [ 2]Contents [ hide ]1 History and description2 Traits3 Growing popularity4 See also5 References6 External links History and description [ edit]Dexter bull The Dexter breed originated in southwestern Ireland from where it was brought to England in 1882. The breed virtually disappeared in Ireland, but was still maintained as a pure breed in a number of small herds in England and also in the US. The Dexter is a small breed with mature cows weighing between 600 and 700 and mature bulls weighing about 1,000 pounds (450 kg). Considering their small size, the body is wide and deep with well-rounded hindquarters. Dexters come in 3 colors, black, red, and dun (brown). Dexters should have no white markings except for some very minor white markings on the belly/udder behind the navel and some white hairs in the tail switch. While many Dexters are naturally hornless (polled), many have horns that are rather small and thick and grow outward with a forward curve on the male and upward on the female."
},
{
"docid": "D157739#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achondroplasia\nAchondroplasia",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Achondroplasia Jason \"\"Wee Man\"\" Acuña, an actor and stunt performer with achondroplasia Pronunciation/ eɪ ˌ k ɒ n d r ə ˈ p l eɪ z i ə, ə -, - ˈ p l eɪ ʒ i ə, - ˈ p l eɪ ʒ ə / [1] [2]Specialty Medical genetics Symptoms Short arms and legs, enlarged head, prominent forehead [3]Complications Ear infections, lordosis, back pain, spinal stenosis, hydrocephalus [3]Causes Mutation in FGFR3 gene [3]Diagnostic method Based on symptoms, genetic testing if uncertain [4]Differential diagnosis Hypochondroplasia, thanatophoric dysplasia, cartilage-hair hypoplasia, pseudoachondroplasia [4]Treatment Support groups, growth hormone therapy, treatment of complications [4]Prognosis 10 year shorter life expectancy [4]Frequency 1 in 27,500 people [3]Achondroplasia is a genetic disorder that results in dwarfism. [ 3] In those with the condition, the arms and legs are short, while the torso is typically of normal length. [ 3] Those affected have an average adult height of 131 centimetres (4 ft 4 in) for males and 123 centimetres (4 ft) for females. [ 3] Other features include an enlarged head and prominent forehead. [ 3] Intelligence is generally normal. [ 3]Achondroplasia is due to a mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene. [ 3] In about 80% of cases this occurs as a new mutation during early development. [ 3] In the other cases it is inherited from one's parents in an autosomal dominant manner. [ 3] Those with two affected genes do not typically survive. [ 3] Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms, but may be supported by genetic testing if uncertain. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3313107#0",
"title": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/achondroplasia\nachondroplasia",
"text": "\"achondroplasianoun achon·dro·pla·sia \\ ˌā-ˌkän-drə-ˈplā-zh (ē-)ə \\Popularity: Bottom 40% of words | Updated on: 28 Feb 2018Trending Now:oligarch glib depose omnibus acrimony ALLTime Traveler! Explore the year a word first appeared Definition of achondroplasia: a genetic disorder that is marked by abnormally slow conversion of cartilage to bone during development resulting in a form of dwarfism characterized by a usually normal torso and shortened limbs and that is usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait—achondroplasticplay \\ -ˈplas-tik \\ adjective Recent Examples of achondroplasia from the Web Tori said about Zach, who has achondroplasia — the most common form of dwarfism.— natalie stone, PEOPLE.com, \"\"Tori Roloff Says It 'Doesn't Matter' to Her That She's Taller Than Husband Zach,\"\" 30 Jan. 2018The students have a variety of conditions, including autism, Down syndrome, blindness, achondroplasia (a form of dwarfism), lower leg amputations, cerebral palsy, and epilepsy.— meghan overdeep, Southern Living, \"\"North Carolina Class Gives Special Needs Kids The Chance to Dance,\"\" 13 Apr. 2017Spencer, 8, has undergone 10 surgeries in six years to correct leg bowing and spine curvature caused by achondroplasia.— megan becka, cleveland.com, \"\"Akron Children's Hospital 'hero' patients to cheer on Akron Marathon runners,\"\" 19 Sep. 2017These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'achondroplasia.' Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback. Origin and Etymology of achondroplasiaborrowed from French achondroplasie, from a- 2 a- + chondro- chondro- + -plasie -plasia NEW! Time Traveler First Known Use: 1881See Words from the same year Medical Dictionaryachondroplasianoun achon·dro·pla·sia \\ ˌā-ˌkän-drə-ˈplā-zh (ē-)ə \\medical Definition of achondroplasia: a genetic disorder that is marked by abnormally slow conversion of cartilage to bone during development and results in a form of dwarfism characterized by a usually normal torso and shortened limbs Note: Achondroplasia is usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait requiring that only one parent passes on a copy of the defective gene on a chromosome other than a sex chromosome. The majority of cases of achondroplasia result from a new spontaneous gene mutation. —"
},
{
"docid": "D341812#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070107100758AAiEVhc\nWhat is the average height of a dwarf?",
"text": "\"Science & Mathematics Medicine What is the average height of a dwarf? Follow 9 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: depends on the type of dwarfism they have, but most people with dwarfism are under 5 feet tall. Emily B · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment The average height for a female with achondroplasia is 4 feet. Researchers have studied the use of growth hormone in people with achondroplasia. The found that it does increase height by a couple inches when given during childhood, however, they do not believe that it affects the overall adult height. The only treatment to increase bone growth for people with achondroplasia is called \"\"Extended Limb Lengthening\"\". As much as 12 inches can be added to the bone length with this procedure. The procedure, which takes about a year per limb, is performed on the thighs, lower legs, upper arms, lower arms. The procedure is controversial among the dwarfism community. There are conflicting opinions about long term orthopedic health of individuals who have had the procedure."
}
] |
8219 | which is a part of the innate immune defenses | [
{
"docid": "D100332#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_immune_system\nInnate immune system",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Innate immune system The innate immune system, also known as the non-specific immune system or in-born immunity system, [1] is an important subsystem of the overall immune system that comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms. The cells of the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a similar way, but, unlike the adaptive immune system, the system does not provide long-lasting immunity to the host. [ 2] Innate immune systems provide immediate defense against infection, and are found in all classes of plant and animal life. The innate immune system is an evolutionarily older defense strategy, and is the dominant immune system found in plants, fungi, insects, and primitive multicellular organisms. [ 3]The major functions of the vertebrate innate immune system include: Recruiting immune cells to sites of infection through the production of chemical factors, including specialized chemical mediators called cytokines Activation of the complement cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells, and promote clearance of antibody complexes or dead cells Identification and removal of foreign substances present in organs, tissues, blood and lymph, by specialized white blood cells Activation of the adaptive immune system through a process known as antigen presentation Acting as a physical and chemical barrier to infectious agents. Contents [ hide ]1 Anatomical barriers2 Inflammation3 Complement system4 Cells4.1 Mast cells4.2 Phagocytes4.2.1 Macrophages4.2.2 Neutrophils4.2.3 Dendritic cells4.3 Basophils and eosinophils4.4 Natural killer cells4.5 γδ T cells5 Other vertebrate mechanisms6 Neural regulation7 Pathogen-specificity8 Immune evasion8.1 Viruses9 In other species9.1 Prokaryotes9.2 Invertebrates9.2.1 Proteolytic cascades9.2.2 Clotting mechanisms9.3 Plants10 See also11 References Anatomical barriers [ edit]Anatomical barrier Additional defense mechanisms Skin Sweat, desquamation, flushing, [4] organic acids [4]Gastrointestinal tract Peristalsis, gastric acid, bile acids, digestive enzyme, flushing, thiocyanate, [4] defensins, [4] gut flora [4]Respiratory airways and lungs Mucociliary elevator, surfactant, [4] defensins [4]Nasopharynx Mucus, saliva, lysozyme [4]Eyes Tears [4]Anatomical barriers include physical, chemical and biological barriers. The epithelial surfaces form a physical barrier that is impermeable to most infectious agents, acting as the first line of defense against invading organisms. [ 4] Desquamation (shedding) of skin epithelium also helps remove bacteria and other infectious agents that have adhered to the epithelial surfaces. Lack of blood vessels and inability of the epidermis to retain moisture, presence of sebaceous glands in the dermis provides an environment unsuitable for the survival of microbes. [ 4] In the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract, movement due to peristalsis or cilia, respectively, helps remove infectious agents. ["
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D886254#0",
"title": "https://primaryimmune.org/about-primary-immunodeficiencies/relevant-info/the-immune-system/\nThe Immune System and Primary Immunodeficiency",
"text": "The immune system is composed of a variety of different cell types and proteins. Each element performs a specific task aimed at recognizing and/or reacting against foreign material. Organization and Development of the Immune System The immune system is a wonderful collaboration between cells and proteins that work together to provide defense against infection. These cells and proteins do not form a single organ like the heart or liver. Instead, the immune system is dispersed throughout the body to provide rapid responses to infection ( Figure 1 ). Cells travel through the bloodstream or in specialized vessels called lymphatics. Lymph nodes and the spleen provide structures that facilitate cell-to-cell communication. The bone marrow and thymus represent training grounds for two cells of the immune system (B-cells and T-cells, respectively). The development of all cells of the immune system begins in the bone marrow with a hematopoietic (blood-forming) stem cell ( Figure 2 ). This cell is called a “stem” cell because all the other specialized cells arise from it."
},
{
"docid": "D97741#0",
"title": "http://www.virology.ws/2009/07/03/adaptive-immune-defenses/\nAdaptive immune defenses",
"text": "Adaptive immune defenses3 July 2009The immune response to viral infection comprises innate and adaptive defenses. The innate response, which we have discussed previously, functions continuously in a normal host without exposure to any virus. Most viral infections are controlled by the innate immune system. However, if viral replication outpaces innate defenses, the adaptive response must be mobilized. The adaptive defense consists of antibodies and lymphocytes, often called the humoral response and the cell mediated response. The term ‘adaptive’ refers to the differentiation of self from non-self, and the tailoring of the response to the particular foreign invader. The ability to shape the response in a virus-specific manner depends upon communication between the innate and adaptive systems. This communication is carried out by cytokines that bind to cells, and by cell-cell interactions between dendritic cells and lymphocytes in lymph nodes. This interaction is so crucial that the adaptive response cannot occur without an innate immune system. The cells of the adaptive immune system are lymphocytes – B cells and T cells."
},
{
"docid": "D90783#0",
"title": "http://www.microbiologybook.org/mobile/m.immuno-9.htm\n.",
"text": "\"MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY MOBILESelect the desired text size (persisted using cookies): Original text size Return to Microbiology and Immunology Mobile Index MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY MOBILE - IMMUNOLOGY CHAPTER NINECELLS INVOLVED IN IMMUNE RESPONSES AND ANTIGEN RECOGNITIONI. OVERVIEWThe immune system has developed to protect the host from pathogens and other foreign substances. Self/non-self discrimination is one of the hallmarks of the immune system. There are two mains sites where pathogens may reside: extracellularly in tissue spaces or intracellularly within a host cell, and the immune system has different ways of dealing with pathogens at these sites. A. Extracellular pathogens Antibodies are the primary defense against extracellular pathogens and they function in three major ways:1. Neutralization (Figure 1a) By binding to the pathogen or foreign substance antibodies can block the association of the pathogen with their targets. For example, antibodies to bacterial toxins can prevent the binding of the toxin to host cells thereby rendering the toxin ineffective. Similarly, antibody binding to a virus or bacterial pathogen can block the attachment of the pathogen to its target cell thereby preventing infection or colonization. 2. Opsonization (Figure 1b) Antibody binding to a pathogen or foreign substance can opsonize the material and facilitate its uptake and destruction by phagocytic cells."
},
{
"docid": "D2917996#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_immunity\nAdaptive immune system",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Adaptive immunity)navigation search A scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a single human lymphocyte The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune system or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate pathogens or prevent their growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system ). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, and leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components. Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a particular pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection; for example, someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime. In other cases it does not provide lifetime protection; for example, chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish harmful from harmless foreign molecules; the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergy."
},
{
"docid": "D246399#0",
"title": "http://medimoon.com/2014/10/difference-between-innate-and-acquired-immunity/\nDifference Between Innate And Acquired Immunity",
"text": "\"Difference Between Innate And Acquired Immunity0 Commentsby Dr Khezar Hayat In Medical — 20 Oct, 2014 at 7:27 pm Humans are naturally blessed by a defense system called as immune system that prevents or at least reduces the risk of infectious diseases. The word immunity is derived from “Immunitas” which is a Latin word meaning “freedom from disease”. Mainly there are two types of immunity. Innate immunity Acquired immunity The difference between innate and acquired immunity is outlined below;Difference in Definition: The immunity which is present by birth without having prior exposure to pathogenic microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi and etc is called innate immunity. On the other hand acquired immunity develops only when our body is exposed to any antigenic substance. Difference in Other Names: Innate immunity is also called as natural immunity or in-born immunity but adaptive immunity is the second name of acquired immunity. Difference in Specificity: There is a non specific and limited response induced by innate immunity against pathogens but acquired immunity produces specific type of response such as adaptive immunity against S. Aureus. Photo credit: Duke University Difference in Presence: Innate immunity is always present but acquired immunity depends on external environment. Difference in Prior Exposure: There is no need to have prior exposure in order to get benefits from innate immunity but it is necessary in case of acquired immunity. Difference in Response: Innate immunity acts as a first line of defense in our body and it has rapid response whenever any pathogenic substance enters but response of acquired immunity is little delayed and generally occurs after 1 to 2 weeks or 5-6 days."
},
{
"docid": "D2056328#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/3872087/the-immune-system-flash-cards/\nThe Immune System",
"text": "57 terms stcrosby The Immune System Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortacquired immunity A vertebrate-specific defense that is mediated by B lymphocytes (B cells) and T lymphocytes (T cells). It exhibits specificity, memory, and self-nonself recognition. Also called adaptive immunity.active immunity Long-lasting immunity conferred by the action of B cells and T cells and the resulting B and T memory cells specific for a pathogen. Active immunity can develop as a result of natural infection or immunization. AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) The symptoms and signs present during the late stages of HIV infection, defined by a specified reduction in the number of T cells and the appearance of characteristic secondary infections.antibody A protein secreted by plasma cells (differentiated B cells) that binds to a particular antigen; also called immunoglobulin. All antibody molecules have the same Y-shaped structure and in their monomer form consist of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains.antigen A macromolecule that elicits an immune response by binding to receptors of B cells or T cellsantigen presentation The process by which an MHC molecule binds to a fragment of an intracellular protein antigen and carries it to the cell surface, where it is displayed and can be recognized by a T cell.antigen receptor The general term for a surface protein, located on B cells and T cells, that binds to antigens, initiating acquired immune responses. The antigen receptors on B cells are called B cell receptors, and the antigen receptors on T cells are called T cell receptors.antigen-presenting cell A cell that upon ingesting pathogens or internalizing pathogen proteins generates peptide fragments that are bound by class II MHC molecules and subsequently displayed on the cell surface to T cells. Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells are the primary antigen-presenting cells.autoimmune disease An immunological disorder in which the immune system turns against self."
},
{
"docid": "D392256#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/11184559/chapter-16-flash-cards/\nchapter 16",
"text": "\"82 terms johnsoverchapter 16Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Disease-causing agents are called pathogensfluid is kept from accumulating in tissue spaces by the lymphatic systemthe structure of a lymphatic vessel is most similar to that of a veinthe two collecting ducts that drain the lymphatic trunks are the thoracid duct and tight lymphatic ductforeign particles that are injected into the skin enter the lymphatic system rapidly After lymph leaves the collecting ducts, it enters _____ and becomes part of the ______. veins; plasma The functions of the lymphatic system do not include transporting hormones to intestinal smooth muscle Tissue fluid is ______ and lymph is ______. forced out of blood plasma and generally lacking in proteins; absorbed into the lymph capillaries. Stephanie has her cancerous right breast removed, and the surgeon also removes lymph nodes in the axillary region, to prevent spread of the cancer. As a result, Stephanie's right arm becomes edematous The lymph nodes of the axillary region receive lymph mainly from the upper limb and mammary gland The supratrochlear lymph nodes are located near the elbow Cells in a lymph node that engulf and destroy damaged cells, foreign substances, and cellular debris are macrophages Henry has a cut on his thigh that becomes infected. The lymph nodes in his __________ enlarge. inguinal region T lymphocytes mature in the thymus in response to thymosins The tissues of the spleen are called red and white pulp Innate defenses are fast and non specific A virus differs from other pathogens in that it is not capable of reproduction outside a living cellinflammation is a response to heat, infection, chemical exposure, ultraviolet light. The mononuclear phagocytic system includes monocytes, macrophages, neutrophilsinterferon is a group of hormonelike peptides that cells produce in response to virusesthe most active phagocytic cells in circulating blood are neutrophils and monocytes Interleukin-1 secretion causes a fever Marsha gets a splinter in her finger."
},
{
"docid": "D400749#0",
"title": "http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/human-immune-system-and-infectious-disease\nThe Human Immune System and Infectious Disease",
"text": "Español The Human Immune System and Infectious Disease Plasma cells produce antibodies that can neutralize pathogens. The College of Physicians of Philadelphia All living things are subject to attack from disease-causing agents. Even bacteria, so small that more than a million could fit on the head of a pin, have systems to defend against infection by viruses. This kind of protection gets more sophisticated as organisms become more complex. Multicellular animals have dedicated cells or tissues to deal with the threat of infection. Some of these responses happen immediately so that an infecting agent can be quickly contained. Other responses are slower but are more tailored to the infecting agent. Collectively, these protections are known as the immune system. The human immune system is essential for our survival in a world full of potentially dangerous microbes, and serious impairment of even one arm of this system can predispose to severe, even life-threatening, infections. Non-Specific (Innate) Immunity The human immune system has two levels of immunity: specific and non-specific immunity."
},
{
"docid": "D2189508#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/16747787/chapter-43-flash-cards/\nCHAPTER 43",
"text": "\"21 terms k8ngo CHAPTER 43The Immune System Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Distinguish between innate and acquired immunity. innate immunity: a defense that is active immediately upon infection and is he same whether or not the pathogen has been encountered previously; includes an outer covering that provides a significant barrier to entry by microbes acquired immunity: produces a vast arsenal of receptors, each of which recognizes a feature typically found only on a particular part of a particular molecule in a particular pathogen. As a result, recognition and response in adaptive immunity occur with tremendous specificity. The acquired immune response is activated after the innate immune response and develops more slowly; the name \"\"adaptive\"\" and \"\"acquired\"\" reflect the fact that this immune response is enhanced by previous exposure to the infecting pathogen Define which immune system is universal to all organisms. Innate immunity is found in all animals (as well as plants). invertebrates: repel and fight infection with only this type of immunity vertebrates: innate immunity serves both as an immediate defense against infection and as the foundation for adaptive immune defenses Define phagocytosis. Name four types of phagocytic leukocytes. Phagocytosis: the cellular ingestion and digestion of bacteria and other foreign substances Neutrophils: circulate in the blood and are attracted by signals from infected tissues and then engulf and destroy the infecting pathogens Macrophages: larger phagocytotic cells; some migrate throughout the body, whereas others reside permanently in organs and tissues where they are likely to encounter pathogens Dendritic cells: mainly populate tissues that contact the environment; they stimulate adaptive immunity against pathogens they encounter and engulf Eosinophils: often found beneath mucosal surfaces, have low phagocytic activity but are important in defending against multicellular invaders; upon encountering such parasites, they discharge destructive enzymes Explain how phagocytic leukocytes recognize microbes. ..."
},
{
"docid": "D90781#0",
"title": "http://www.microbiologybook.org/bowers/immune%20cells.htm\n.",
"text": "\"x x INFECTIOUS DISEASEBACTERIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY MYCOLOGY PARASITOLOGY VIROLOGYVIETNAMESEIMMUNOLOGY - CHAPTER NINECELLS INVOLVED IN IMMUNE RESPONSES AND ANTIGEN RECOGNITIONGene Mayer, Ph. DEmertius Professor of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology University of South Carolina Jennifer Nyland, Ph. DAssistant Professor of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology University of South Carolina TURKISHFRANCAISPORTUGUESLet us know what you think FEEDBACKSEARCHSHARE BOOKMARK PRINT THIS PAGELogo image © Jeffrey Nelson, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois and The Microbe Library TEACHING OBJECTIVES To provide an overview of the types of cell interactions and molecules required for specific immunity To describe specific immunity and the cells involved White blood cell (lymphocyte) in capillary (TEM x16,210) © Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc. Used with permission OVERVIEWThe immune system has developed to protect the host from pathogens and other foreign substances. Self/non-self discrimination is one of the hallmarks of the immune system. There are two main sites where pathogens may reside: extracellularly in tissue spaces or intracellularly within a host cell, and the immune system has different ways of dealing with pathogens at these sites. Although immune responses are tailored to the pathogen and to where the pathogen resides, most pathogens can elicit both an antibody and a cell-mediated response, both of which may contribute to ridding the host of the pathogen. However, for any particular pathogen an antibody or a cell-mediated response may be more important for defense against the pathogen. Extracellular pathogens Antibodies are the primary defense against extracellular pathogens and they function in three major ways: Neutralization (Figure 1a) By binding to the pathogen or foreign substance antibodies, can block the association of the pathogen with their targets. For example, antibodies to bacterial toxins can prevent the binding of the toxin to host cells thereby rendering the toxin ineffective. Similarly, antibody binding to a virus or bacterial pathogen can block the attachment of the pathogen to its target cell thereby preventing infection or colonization."
},
{
"docid": "D982716#0",
"title": "https://www.sharecare.com/health/immune-lymphatic-system-health/what-innate-immunity\nWhat is innate immunity?",
"text": "\"Healthy Women Administration Innate immunity is the body's immediate immune system response to a perceived threat. Invaders such as bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms display \"\"signs\"\" on their surface called antigens that signal immune system cells to action. The innate immune system includes visible protection, such as your skin and the mucus membranes in your nose and mouth that strain out pathogens, and invisible protection in the form of white blood cells such as macrophages, which release inflammatory chemicals such as histamine and leukotrienes to destroy invaders. Sometimes this process runs amok, as when the innate immune system launches an all-out attack against harmless proteins like those from pollen or peanuts, resulting in an allergic reaction. Anthony L. Komaroff, MDInternal Medicine Innate immunity is the next line of defense after the barriers of the skin and the mucosa. The role of the innate immune system is to attack invading pathogens, triggering an immediate inflammatory response and firing up the next line of defense, the adaptive immune system. Innate immunity got its name because everyone is born with it -- it is innate. Compare that to adaptive immunity, which needs time to develop in the early years of life. Innate immunity is the body's first active response to pathogens. Continue Learning about Immune System What is bone marrow?"
},
{
"docid": "D2264457#0",
"title": "https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/organ-systems/the-immune-system/a/adaptive-immunity\nAdaptive immunity",
"text": "Have you ever wondered how your recovery time for the common cold, the flu, or small infections seems to get shorter after you’ve been exposed and successfully recovered the first time? The adaptive immune system, also called acquired immunity, uses specific antigens to strategically mount an immune response. Unlike the innate immune system, which attacks only based on the identification of general threats, the adaptive immunity is activated by exposure to pathogens, and uses an immunological memory to learn about the threat and enhance the immune response accordingly. The adaptive immune response is much slower to respond to threats and infections than the innate immune response, which is primed and ready to fight at all times. Cells of the adaptive immune system Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system relies on fewer types of cells to carry out its tasks: B cells and T cells. Both B cells and T cells are lymphocytes that are derived from specific types of stem cells, called multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, in the bone marrow. After they are made in the bone marrow, they need to mature and become activated. Each type of cell follows different paths to their final, mature forms. B cells After formation and maturation in the bone marrow (hence the name “B cell”), the naive B cells move into the lymphatic system to circulate throughout the body. In the lymphatic system, naive B cells encounter an antigen, which starts the maturation process for the B cell."
},
{
"docid": "D2870811#0",
"title": "http://2008.igem.org/Team:Slovenia/Background/Immune_response\nTeam:Slovenia/Background/Immune response",
"text": "\"The problem Modern vaccines Immune response Flagellin Motivation Engineered flagellin vaccine Antigen-TLR fusion vaccine Engineered flagellin vaccine Antigen-TLR fusion vaccine \"\"Real-life\"\" results Biobricks Methods Safety References Notebook Acknowledgements Sponsors Cooperation between Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Schematic representation of immune response against pathogens based on the cooperation between innate and adaptive immunity components. Immunity is a state of sufficient biological defenses to avoid infection, disease or other unwanted biological invasion. It is divided in a non-specific (innate) and specific (adaptive) components. The term innate immunity is due to its constant presency in healthy individuals and generally refers to responses that do not require previous exposures to the pathogen, whereas adaptive immunity develops more slowly and is specific to a particular pathogen and involves immunological memory. The adaptive immunity consists of humoral immunity in which antibodies neutralize and eradicate extracellular microbes and toxins and cell-mediated immunity in which T-lymphocytes play a key role. The most important is the cooperation between innate and adaptive immunity. Until recently innate immunity was largely ignored as the adaptive immunity was thought to play a key role in the immune response. Now it became clear that innate immunity has an important role as the first line of defense against pathogens as well as in development of an adaptive immune response. The polarization of immune response largely depends on the initial signals that are brought by innate immunity. There are some essential signals, required to induce T- and B-cell responses."
},
{
"docid": "D246398#0",
"title": "https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-adaptive-immunity-definition-and-types.html\nWhat Is Adaptive Immunity? - Definition and Types",
"text": "\" {\"\"error\"\":true,\"\"iframe\"\":true}Your next lesson will play in 10 seconds Add to Timeline Autoplay 32K views Create an account to start this course today Try it free for 5 days!Create An Account Recommended Lessons and Courses for You Related Lessons Related Courses Innate Immunity: Inflammation, Neutrophils & Natural Killer Cells Macrophages, Killer Cells & Other Cells of the Innate Immune System Acquired Immunity: T Cells, B Cells and Antibodies Antibodies: Their Important Structure Lesson Transcript Instructor: Artem Cheprasov This lesson will help you distinguish between several different types of immunity. This includes passive immunity, active immunity, naturally acquired immunity and artificially acquired immunity. The Two Parts of the Immune System Every team needs a back-up plan. If the first plan fails to do the job entirely or just doesn't manage to do a good enough job, well, there needs to be something else to back it up. In the case of your body, your primary defense system involves components of the innate immune system, such as your skin, cells like neutrophils and so forth. However, if the innate immune system fails or needs some extra help, then the second part of the immune system, the adaptive immune system, kicks in to high gear. The Adaptive Immune System The adaptive immune system is exactly that - it's adaptive, meaning it can adapt to a specific threat, or antigen. For example, if the opposing team brings in a substitute, the entire team can adapt to that new substitute's unique threat. However, the adaptive immune system takes time to develop; there's a lag of sorts, meaning the trainer of the team needs to coach his players on how to adapt to an antigen, or the recognizable and visible aspect of a threat, like a bacterium's surface receptors. The good thing is once the players are trained well enough, they develop a good memory with respect to that threat."
},
{
"docid": "D2289302#0",
"title": "http://www.easynotecards.com/notecard_set/2224?num=2\n.",
"text": "\"1Using Figure 21.1, match the following: 1) Heavy chain. Answer: B 2) Light chain. Answer: D 3) Variable region. Answer: C 4) Constant region. Answer: E 5) Antigen-binding site. Answer: A2Using Figure 21.2, match the following: 6) Area where B cells become immunocompetent. Answer: C 7) Area where T cells become immunocompetent. Answer: B 8) Area where activated immunocompetent B and T cells recirculate. Answer: E 9) Area seeded by immunocompetent B and T cells. Answer: D 10) Area where antigen challenge and clonal selection are most likely to occur."
},
{
"docid": "D463237#0",
"title": "http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/immune.html\n.",
"text": "\"Kids Health / For Parents / Immune System What's in this article? Listenen español El sistema inmunitario The immune system, which is made up of special cells, proteins, tissues, and organs, defends people against germs and microorganisms every day. In most cases, the immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing infections. But sometimes problems with the immune system can lead to illness and infection. About the Immune System The immune system is the body's defense against infectious organisms and other invaders. Through a series of steps called the immune response, the immune system attacks organisms and substances that invade body systems and cause disease. The immune system is made up of a network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body. One of the important cells involved are white blood cells, also called leukocytes, which come in two basic types that combine to seek out and destroy disease-causing organisms or substances. Leukocytes are produced or stored in many locations in the body, including the thymus, spleen, and bone marrow. For this reason, they're called the lymphoid organs."
},
{
"docid": "D314784#0",
"title": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567744307002050\nThe Innate Immune System",
"text": "Neuro Immune Biology Volume 7, 2007, Pages 87-99The Innate Immune System Klaus Heeg Show morehttps://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-7443 (07)00205-0 Get rights and content Abstract The innate immune system recognizes infectious danger and launches an immediate anti-infective response. It relies on recognition systems (receptors) that were selected during phylogeny and which in part are shared with non-vertebrate organisms. Receptors of innate immunity are encoded within the germ-line and do not undergo somatic recombination. Humoral as well as cellular mechanisms are involved, which interact at multiple levels and are expressed on immune and non-immune cells to ensure an appropriate and efficient defense response. Innate and adaptive immunity are interconnected. Activation of innate immune cells is a necessary prerequisite for induction of adaptive immune responses. Multiple effector mechanisms of adaptive immunity ultimately rely on the clearance function of innate immune cells. Moreover, the products of the adaptive immune system will enhance the efficacy of innate immune responses. Thus, in vertebrates, innate and adaptive immunity act in a well-tuned concert to ascertain an effective antipathogen response. Previous chapter Next chapter1."
},
{
"docid": "D90782#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_immune_system\nAdaptive immune system",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search A scanning electron microscope image of a single human lymphocyte The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune system or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate pathogens or prevent their growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system ). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, and leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components. Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a particular pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection; for example, someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime. In other cases it does not provide lifetime protection; for example, chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish harmful from harmless foreign molecules; the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergy."
},
{
"docid": "D97737#0",
"title": "http://textbookofbacteriology.net/adaptive.html\n.",
"text": "\"Print this Page To search the entire book, enter a term or phrase in the form below Custom Search Immune Defense against Bacterial Pathogens: Adaptive or Acquired Immunity (page 1) (This chapter has 6 pages)© Kenneth Todar, Ph DHuman Blood Cells; erythrocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. The white blood cells are central players in the immune responses. Adaptive Immunity Innate immunity, by itself, may not be sufficient to protect a host against an invading pathogen or to prevent disease from occurring. However, if innate immunity fails, the organism may yet be detected and attacked by the mechanisms of adaptive immunity. The innate and adaptive immune responses both function to protect against invading organisms, but they differ in a number of ways. ( 1) The innate immune system is constitutively present and reacts immediately to infection. The adaptive immune response to an invading organism takes some time to develop. ( 2) The innate immune system is not specific in its response and reacts equally well to a variety of organisms, whereas the adaptive immune system is antigen-specific and reacts only with the organism that induced the response. ( 3) The adaptive immune system exhibits immunological memory. It \"\"remembers\"\" that it has encountered an invading organism (antigen) and reacts more rapidly on subsequent exposure to the same organism."
},
{
"docid": "D1493222#0",
"title": "https://www.boundless.com/microbiology/textbooks/boundless-microbiology-textbook/immunology-11/immunity-and-molecular-signals-144/the-complement-system-731-10807/\nImmunity and Molecular Signals",
"text": "Clonal Selection and Tolerance Clonal selection and tolerance select for survival of lymphocytes that will protect the host from foreign antigens. Learning Objectives Describe the importance of central and peripheral tolerance and distinguish between positive and negative clonal selection Key Takeaways Key Points Clonal selection occurs after immature lymphocytes express antigen receptors. Central tolerance is the mechanism by which newly developing T cells and B cells are rendered non-reactive to self. Both developing B cells and T cells are subject to negative selection during a short period after antigen receptors are expressed. If, during embryonic development, it encounters its programmed antigen as part of a normal host substance (self), the lymphocyte is somehow destroyed or inactivated. This mechanism removes lymphocytes that can destroy host tissues and thereby creates tolerance for self. Key Termslymphocyte: A type of white blood cell or leukocyte that is divided into two principal groups and a null group: B-lymphocytes, which produce antibodies in the humoral immune response, T-lymphocytes, which participate in the cell-mediated immune response, and the null group, which contains natural killer cells, cytotoxic cells that participate in the innate immune response.antigens: In immunology, an antigen is a substance that evokes the production of one or more antibodies. T cells: A lymphocyte, from the thymus, that can recognise specific antigens and can activate or deactivate other immune cells. Clonal Selection: clonal selection of the B and T lymphocytes:1. Hematopoietic stem cell 2."
}
] |
8220 | which is added to foods to prevent spoilage and increase shelf life? | [
{
"docid": "D2840876#0",
"title": "http://www.livestrong.com/article/440737-list-of-foods-without-coloring-preservatives/\nList of Foods Without Coloring & Preservatives",
"text": "List of Foods Without Coloring & Preservativesby JENNIFER ANDREWS Oct. 03, 2017Preservatives are added to foods to increase shelf life and prevent early spoilage from bacterial growth. Food coloring refers to the addition of manufactured colors to food that must be certified by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration, and they're also called food dyes. The health effects of adding preservatives and coloring to foods are wide-ranging. According to In Chem, nitrosamines, such as nitrates and nitrites in packaged deli meats, have the potential to form carcinogens, or cancer-causing agents. Avoid any potential health risks by eating a healthy diet that has minimal amounts of added preservatives and colors. Video of the Day Error loading player: Flash plugin failed to load Natural, Organic Foods Foods certified as organic by the USDA are free from pesticides, food colors and added preservatives. Your healthiest options are fresh organic foods such as fruits, vegetables and meats. These foods are naturally processed and, according to the website Organic Food For Everyone, are less likely to cause common allergies associated with preservatives and food additives. Lean Meats Fresh cuts of meat have no added preservatives or coloring. However, meat should be preferably selected from the butcher directly as well as organic and naturally grown."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1520361#0",
"title": "http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/04/17/worst-toxic-food-ingredients_n_3101043.html\nProcessed Food: 10 Of The Worst Toxic Food Ingredients",
"text": "\"Alamy By: Jillian Michaels, Everyday Health Most of us don’t think of the food we eat as poison, but some of the ingredients commonly found in processed foods can be considered toxic. By \"\"toxic,\"\" I mean chemicals or highly processed ingredients that aren't good for you or can cause harm to your health. I’m talking about refined grains, trans fats, high fructose corn syrup, and all the other artificial junk you can’t even pronounce on the ingredient lists. Any food that has been canned, dehydrated, or had chemicals added to it is a processed food, and these foods make up about 60 per cent of the average U. S. diet. They've taken over, and we have to FIGHT BACK. Know which toxic food ingredients to avoid:10 Toxic Food Ingredients Palm Oil: When a regular fat like corn, soybean, or palm oil is blasted with hydrogen and turned into a solid, it becomes a trans fat. These evil anti-nutrients help packaged foods stay “fresh,” meaning that the food can sit on the supermarket shelf for years without ever getting stale or rotting. Eating junk food with trans fats raises your “bad” LDL cholesterol and triglycerides and lowers your “good” HDL. These fats also increase your risk of blood clots and heart attack. Avoid palm oil and other trans fats like the plague, and kiss fried foods goodbye too, since they’re usually fried in one of these freakish trans-fatty oils."
},
{
"docid": "D282092#0",
"title": "http://www.fao.org/Wairdocs/X5434E/x5434e0d.htm\n9. Milk and milk products",
"text": "9. Milk and milk products Nutritional significance Standard testing procedures Processing Separation of milk components Cultured/fermented dairy products Suitability for small-scale production Although cow's milk is the most popular in many countries, milk can be obtained from many different sources. For example, milk from goats and sheep makes a substantial contribution to the total milk production in countries of Eastern and Southern Europe, Malawi, and Barbados, whereas the water buffalo is a common source of milk in much of Asia. The table below illustrates some of the differences in composition between these milks. Woman milking a goat Milk is a perishable commodity and spoils very easily. Its low acidity and high nutrient content make it the perfect breeding ground for bacteria, including those which cause food poisoning (pathogens). Bacteria from the animal, utensils, hands, and insects may contaminate the milk, and their destruction is the main reason for processing. This preservation of the milk can be achieved by fermentation, heating, cooling, removal of water, and by concentration or separation of components, to produce foods such as butter or cheese. The degree to which milk consumption and processing occurs will differ from region to region. It is dependent upon a whole host of factors, including geographic and climatic conditions, availability and cost of milk, food taboos, and religious restrictions."
},
{
"docid": "D2616961#0",
"title": "https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/safe-food-handling/shelf-stable-food-safety\nUnited States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service",
"text": "\"Shelf-Stable Food Safety Ever since man was a hunter-gatherer, he has sought ways to preserve food safely. People living in cold climates learned to freeze food for future use, and after electricity was invented, freezers and refrigerators kept food safe. But except for drying, packing in sugar syrup, or salting, keeping perishable food safe without refrigeration is a truly modern invention. What does \"\"shelf stable\"\" mean? How are foods made shelf stable? What is the history of canning? How does canning make food shelf stable? Do cans contain lead? Will commercially canned foods last forever? After opening canned foods, is it safe to refrigerate the unused food in the can?"
},
{
"docid": "D890560#0",
"title": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781845697013500025\n2 â Chemical deterioration and physical instability of foods and beverages",
"text": "Food and Beverage Stability and Shelf Life A volume in Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition2011, Pages 29–622 – Chemical deterioration and physical instability of foods and beverages F. Kong, R. P. Singh Show morehttps://doi.org/10.1533/9780857092540.1.29 Get rights and content Abstract: Food deterioration and spoilage during storage and distribution are a result of a variety of chemical, biochemical, and/or physical changes. These changes are often the result of product composition, environmental factors, and processing conditions. A variety of measures are available to a food technologist to obviate the deteriorative effects of extended storage on food quality. This chapter gives an overview of these chemical and physical reactions. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting these reactions are summarized. Methods to measure and model these changes are discussed. Key wordschemical deterioration; physical instability; shelf life; quality evaluation2.1. Introduction The quality of a food changes over time, which impacts its shelf life. Many deterioration and spoilage problems of foods are related to chemical, biochemical, and/or physical changes, such as lipid oxidation, enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning, and moisture absorption/loss. These reactions change the overall food appearance, texture, and flavor/aroma, and cause loss of nutrients such as vitamins."
},
{
"docid": "D199726#0",
"title": "http://www.scienceclarified.com/Ex-Ga/Food-Preservation.html\nFood preservation",
"text": "Food preservation Follow City-Data.com founder on our Forum or @Lech Mazur Photo by: Mark Breck Food preservation refers to any one of a number of techniques used to prevent food from spoiling. All foods begin to spoil as soon as they are harvested or slaughtered. Some spoiling is caused by such microorganisms as bacteria and mold. Other spoilage results from chemical changes within the food itself due to natural processes such as enzyme action or oxidation. Ancient methods Ages-old food preservation techniques include drying, smoking, cooling, freezing, fermenting, salting, pickling, and canning. Drying and smoking. One of the most ancient methods of food preservation is sun- or air-drying. Drying works because it removes much of the food's water. Without adequate water, microorganisms cannot multiply and chemical activities greatly slow down. Dried meat was one of the earliest staple foods of hunters and nomads (people who constantly moved about)."
},
{
"docid": "D1443591#0",
"title": "http://www.ift.org/Knowledge-Center/Read-IFT-Publications/Science-Reports/Scientific-Status-Summaries/Extended-Shelf-Life-Refrigerated-Foods.aspx\nExtended Shelf Life Refrigerated Foods: Microbiological Quality and Safety",
"text": "Home Knowledge Center Read IFT Publications Science Papers Scientific Status Summaries Extended Shelf Life Refrigerated Foods: Microbiological Quality and Safety Extended Shelf Life Refrigerated Foods: Microbiological Quality and Safety A A APrint February 1, 1998First published in Food Technology Magazine, February 1998. 52 [2]: 57-6. ( Download PDF version)Supermarket shelves today need to cater to the gourmet cook as well as the timeharried parent. Increasingly all types of consumers are demanding minimally-processed foods that are high in quality, nutritionally superior, and easy to prepare. Food processors have met this demand by developing refrigerated foods with extended shelf life. Ready-to-eat luncheon meats and complete heat-and-eat meals are some examples. By their very nature, however, these foods present challenges to ensure microbiological quality and safety. This Scientific Status Summary addresses the microbiological concerns associated with extended shelf life refrigerated foods and control measures for ensuring microbiological quality and safety. Extended shelf life refrigerated foods are foods that have received minimal processing or precooking and have an enhanced but limited shelf life; refrigeration is a key preservation measure. These foods include conventional products, such as luncheon meats and cured meats, as well as a new generation of partially processed refrigerated foods (NFPA, 1988) such as meat, seafood, egg, and vegetable salads, fresh pasta and pasta sauces, other sauces, soups, entrees, complete meals, and uncured meat and poultry items."
},
{
"docid": "D1801938#0",
"title": "http://www.fao.org/docrep/x0560e/x0560e08.htm\n.",
"text": "\"CHAPTER 3YEAST FERMENTATIONSContents - Previous - Next3.1 What are yeasts? A yeast is a unicellular fungus which reproduces asexually by budding or division, especially the genus Saccharomyces which is important in food fermentations (Walker, 1988). Yeasts and yeast-like fungi are widely distributed in nature. They are present in orchards and vineyards, in the air, the soil and the intestinal tract of animals. Like bacteria and moulds, they can have beneficial and non-beneficial effects in foods. Most yeasts are larger than most bacteria. The most well known examples of yeast fermentation are in the production of alcoholic drinks and the leavening of bread. For their participation in these two processes, yeasts are of major importance in the food industry. Some yeasts are chromogenic and produce a variety of pigments, including green, yellow and black. Others are capable of synthesising essential B group vitamins."
},
{
"docid": "D2669125#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/What-stops-bacteria-and-other-microbes-from-growing-inside-unopened-sugary-drinks-like-canned-soda-or-juice-with-lower-concentrations-of-sugar\nWhat stops bacteria and other microbes from growing inside unopened sugary drinks like canned soda or juice with lower concentrations of sugar?",
"text": "Sodas Sugar Microbiology Beverages Science of Everyday Life What stops bacteria and other microbes from growing inside unopened sugary drinks like canned soda or juice with lower concentrations of sugar?ad by Truth Finder Have you ever googled yourself? Do a “deep search” instead. This new site reveals so much more. Enter a name and state to begin. Learn More at truthfinder.com3 Answers Ron Sterbenz, Technology Marketer and Avid Outdoorsman & Koi Collector Answered Mar 18, 2015 · Author has 340 answers and 507.5k answer views While I really don't know the answer specific to the microbe... I do have a food scientist as a good friend and I know that some of the answer is very similar to why many microbes do not grow in jams & jellies. Indeed, some of the answer has to do with osmotic pressure. Highly concentrated solutions of sugar prevent microbial growth because they essentially dehydrate the microorganisms that try to grow in them. For soda pop though there are few other things going for it. Carbonation is the addition of carbon dioxide gas to a beverage, imparting sparkle and a tangy taste and preventing spoilage. The liquid is chilled and cascaded down in an enclosure containing carbon dioxide (either as dry ice or a liquid) under pressure."
},
{
"docid": "D862247#0",
"title": "http://shelflifeadvice.com/content/faq-about-pasta-sauce-how-long-dare-i-keep-open-jar\nFAQ about Pasta SauceâHow Long Dare I Keep the Open Jar?",
"text": "By Arthur Tiersky Aug 25, 2016Pasta sauce is perhaps the quintessential “How long will it keep?” product. If you’re cooking for a small household—1-3 diners—you’re not likely to polish off a large jar at one meal, and it’s hard to find a small jar on store shelves. Therefore, you may regularly find yourself left with half a jar. But how soon are you going to want pasta again? You put the remainder in your fridge, and, before you know it, ten days have passed. Now what? Is it still good? Would it be obvious if it weren't? Can pasta sauce turn dangerous?"
},
{
"docid": "D889674#0",
"title": "http://www.fao.org/docrep/x0560e/x0560e10.htm\n.",
"text": "\"CHAPTER 5 BACTERIAL FERMENTATIONSContents - Previous - Next5.1 What are bacteria Bacteria are \"\"a large group of unicellular or multi-cellular organisms lacking chlorophyll, with a simple nucleus, multiplying rapidly by simple fission, some species developing a highly resistant resting (spore) phase; some species reproduce sexually, and some are motile. In shape they are spherical, rodlike, spiral, or filamentous. They occur in air, water, soil, rotting organic material, animals and plants. Saprophytic forms are more numerous than parasites. A few forms are autotrophic\"\" (Walker, 1988). There are several bacterial families present in foods, the majority of which are concerned with food spoilage. The important role of bacteria in the fermentation of foods is often overlooked.5.2 Lactic Acid Bacteria The lactic acid bacteria are a group of Gram positive bacteria, non-respiring, non-spore forming, cocci or rods, which produce lactic acid as the major end product of the fermentation of carbohydrates. They are the most important bacteria in desirable food fermentations, being responsible for the fermentation of sour dough bread, sorghum beer, all fermented milks, cassava (to produce gari and fufu) and most \"\"pickled\"\" (fermented) vegetables. Historically, bacteria from the genera Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus and Streptococcus are the main species involved. Several more have been identified, but play a minor role in lactic fermentations."
},
{
"docid": "D2979208#0",
"title": "http://www.deltatrak.com/produce-shelf-life-issues-and-extension-methods-from-harvest-to-retailer\nProduce Shelf Life: Issues and Extension Methods from Harvest to Retailer",
"text": "Produce Shelf Life: Issues and Extension Methods from Harvest to Retailer Introduction Produce is a highly perishable commodity making shelf life a race against the clock for growers, processors and retailers. With national averages of produce shrinkage at 6%, according to the Produce Marketing Association, shelf life costs US retailers in excess of $2.1 billion per year. This paper will review factors that shorten and extend shelf life, and multiple methods to extend and measure produce shelf life as it pertains to produce processed from harvest to delivery to the retail facility. What is Shelf Life? Shelf life is the period of time a food has before it is considered unsuitable for consumption or sale. The shelf life of fruits and vegetables can vary considerably depending on multiple factors. Post harvest shelf life of produce revolves around the basic fact that fresh fruits and vegetables continue to function like living organisms, even after they are harvested. Freshly harvested produce uses stored energy and oxygen to remain alive. This process is called respiration and the faster the particular produce uses up its stored energy, the shorter the produce shelf life. The faster an item respires the faster it will decay."
},
{
"docid": "D2592372#0",
"title": "http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/food-technology/food-processing-entrepreneurs/getting-started/processing/\nProcessing",
"text": "Processing Introduction This section will address the various methods used to preserve food products. Included will be a description of various heating processes as well as preserving methods using cold temperatures. The detail on each category will depend on its popularity. Foods Preserved By Heat Retorted-pressure process It is possible to destroy bacterial cells and spores by exposure to heat for various lengths of time. The severity of the process depends on the p H of the food. Table 1 lists various foods and their respective p H value. Foods that have a p H exceeding 4.6 (low acid) must be processed under pressure in order to reach “commercial sterility”. Which is the condition achieved by application of heat which renders such food free of viable forms of microorganisms of public health significance, as well as any microorganisms of non-health significance capable of reproducing in food under normal storage conditions. The canning of low-acid foods requires a large capital investment therefore further detail is not necessary for this publication. Acid/Acidified Foods Acid foods have a natural p H of 4.6 or less such as tomatoes."
},
{
"docid": "D2592242#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/Does-pancake-syrup-go-bad\nDoes pancake syrup go bad?",
"text": "Food Science Food Safety Cooking Food Does pancake syrup go bad?10 Answers George Lew, B. S. Food Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (2016)Answered Jul 23, 2016 · Author has 549 answers and 916.6k answer views That depends upon your definition of going “bad,” and it also depends upon the type of pancake syrup you are talking about. Whether you are using 100 % pure maple syrup or the imitation stuff, syrup really does not contain ingredients that might spoil, and if unopened, the food industry calls it’s shelf life “indefinite.” That doesn’t necessarily mean it will taste the same (or even good) after an extremely long storage period, but if it remained sealed, it would likely be safe to consume without making you sick. This is because this product has a high sugar content, with very low moisture available to support microbial growth, meaning all the moisture that is found within the syrup is bound to the sugar molecules and not able to be used by spoilage microbes for their metabolism. There are also no fats to go rancid, or proteins to degrade, and the manufacturing process brings the syrup to boiling temperatures for long times, thereby sterilizing the product. If kept in air-tight containers (like bottles) in cool, dark conditions, there are very few things that can become spoiled. There is even a Massachusetts syrup company that claims to have a glass bottle of syrup that is still good after 50+ years. Now, if you consider syrup going “bad” when it begins to taste “off,” then you have a relatively much shorter time period to consider, but it is still pretty long. Most commercial pancake syrups say you have about 18 months from the “best by” date before the quality begins to degrade in an unopened bottle, however the flavor might still be acceptable (depending on how picky you are) for as much as 4 years in certain containers (i.e. glass). It may begin to have less maple flavor, and begin to darken in color, but it will still be thick and sweet."
},
{
"docid": "D2336587#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/food/long-can-velveeta-cheese-last-shelf-bca034372afcd45d\nHow Long Can Velveeta Cheese Last on the Shelf?",
"text": "\"Food Food Storage Food Spoilage Q: How Long Can Velveeta Cheese Last on the Shelf? A: Quick Answer The typical shelf life of Velveeta cheese is four to eight weeks. This duration applies to cheese that has been opened but remains tightly sealed and stored in a refrigerator. In a freezer, Velveeta lasts for up to two months. Continue Reading Keep Learning How Long Does Uncooked Brown Rice Keep? Does Shortening Expire? What Is the Average Shelf Life of Deli Meat? Full Answer Velveeta is considered a \"\"cheese food,\"\" or a processed product derived from cheese. Traditional cheese is the byproduct of a chemical and bacterial process in milk that splits proteins from water and produces curds. The processing of Velveeta builds on this process by adding certain kinds of salts."
},
{
"docid": "D2269233#0",
"title": "http://uw-food-irradiation.engr.wisc.edu/Facts.html\n.",
"text": "What is Food Irradiation? Food irradiation is a promising new food safety technology that can eliminate disease-causing microorganisms such as E. coli O157: H7, Campylobacter, and Salmonella from foods. The Food and Drug Administration has approved irradiation of meat and poultry and allows its use for a variety of other foods, including fresh fruits and vegetables, and spices. The agency determined that the process is safe and effective in decreasing or eliminating harmful bacteria. Irradiation also reduces spoilage bacteria, insects and parasites, and in certain fruits and vegetables it inhibits sprouting and delays ripening. The effects of irradiation on the food and on animals and people eating irradiated food have been studied extensively for more than 40 years. These studies show clearly that when irradiation is used as approved on foods: Disease-causing microorganisms are reduced or eliminated The nutritional value is essentially unchanged The food does not become radioactive Irradiation is a safe and effective technology that can prevent many foodborne diseases. How does irradiation affect food? The process involves exposing the food, either packaged or in bulk, to carefully controlled amounts of ionizing radiation for a specific time to achieve certain desirable objectives. When microbes present in the food are irradiated, the energy from the radiation breaks the bonds in the DNA molecules, causing defects in the genetic instructions."
},
{
"docid": "D1085078#0",
"title": "http://www.meatsandsausages.com/meat-smoking\nSmoking Meat",
"text": "Smoking Meat Smoking meat is exactly what the name implies: flavoring meat with smoke. Using any kind of improvised device will do the job as long as the smokehouse is made from environmentally safe material. As long as smoke contacts the meat surface it will impart its flavor to the meat. The strength of the flavor depends mainly on the time and density of the smoke. Smoked meats are usually eaten cold at a later date. Many great recipes require that smoked products hang for a designated time to lose more weight to become drier. It is only then that they are ready for consumption. Smoked Meats. Smoked sausages. Smoked Meats."
},
{
"docid": "D518889#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_packing\nVacuum packing",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( May 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Vacuum packing is a method of packaging that removes air from the package prior to sealing. This method involves (manually or automatically) placing items in a plastic film package, removing air from inside, and sealing the package. [ 1] Shrink film is sometimes used to have a tight fit to the contents. The intent of vacuum packing is usually to remove oxygen from the container to extend the shelf life of foods and, with flexible package forms, to reduce the volume of the contents and package. [ 2]Vacuum packing reduces atmospheric oxygen, limiting the growth of aerobic bacteria or fungi, and preventing the evaporation of volatile components. It is also commonly used to store dry foods over a long period of time, such as cereals, nuts, cured meats, cheese, smoked fish, coffee, and potato chips ( crisps ). On a more short term basis, vacuum packing can also be used to store fresh foods, such as vegetables, meats, and liquids, because it inhibits bacterial growth."
},
{
"docid": "D259488#0",
"title": "http://www.recipetips.com/kitchen-tips/t--1293/canning-tomatoes.asp\nCanning Tomatoes",
"text": "\"Canning Tomatoes How To's Kitchen Advice Kitchen Techniques ▼+ Larger Image Read Reviews (2)Provided By Recipe Tips Reviewed By RTMember22 \"\"I couldn't remember the process for peeling the skins off the tomatoes but I ... read full review \"\"Share this!Save Rate & Review Email Print Additional Canning Information: Canning Supplies | Ingredients | Food Preparation | Jar and Lid Preparation Food Acidity | Packing the Jars | Processing Temperature & Time Boiling-Water-Bath Canning | Pressure Canning | Testing Seal Canning Safety, Storage and Tips Canning Tomatoes Food Acidity | Selecting Tomatoes | Tomato Preparation | Packing the Jars Temperature & Time | Canning Tomato Juice | Storage and Safety | Tips Canning is the process used to preserve fruits and vegetables for long term shelf storage. If processed properly, tomatoes can be preserved safely using the canning process. When canning tomatoes, they are placed in jars and heated to a temperature that will destroy micro-organisms that spoil the food. Through the canning process the jar is vacuum sealed so air cannot get in the container and cause contamination. There are two safe methods that can be used, boiling-water-bath and pressure canning. The information below should provide you with what you need to know to safely preserve your harvest of tomatoes. Tomatoes can be canned in a variety of forms. They can be canned as juice, sauce, whole, stewed, chopped, or stewed tomatoes. The can also be use to make canned salsa or soup. Food Acidity There are two basic methods for canning, boiling-water-bath and pressure canning."
},
{
"docid": "D2877557#0",
"title": "http://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=jm.2008.30.34\n.",
"text": "Research Article Effect of Temperature and Storage Period on the Constituents of Milk Inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sanaa O. Yagoub, Fardous A. Bellow and Ibtisam E. M. El Zubeir ABSTRACTThe effect of incubation temperature and storage period on inoculated milk by Pseudomonas aeruginosa which well known as milk-spoilage microorganism was studied. Sterile milk sample were inoculated by 10 8 -10 9 cfu m L -1 P. aeruginosa and stored at 0, 7, 12, 21, 37 and 45°C. The chemical analysis was conducted daily for all stored milk samples to investigate the effect of bacteria on milk constituents (fat%, protein% and acidity) and total bacterial count. The present results showed that milk which inoculated with P. aeruginosa and stored at different storage periods and temperatures, showed variations for fat, protein, acidity and bacterial count. Moreover, the inoculated milk samples showed a shelf life of 1-2 days at 37 and 21°C. However, the milk samples stored at 0, 7 and 12°C showed shelf life that ranged between 4-9 days. The present study concluded that the number of psychrotrophic bacteria significantly affected by both storage period and incubation temperature. Services Related Articles in ASCISimilar Articles in this Journal Search in Google Scholar View Citation Report Citation How to cite this article: Sanaa O. Yagoub, Fardous A. Bellow and Ibtisam E. M. El Zubeir, 2008. Effect of Temperature and Storage Period on the Constituents of Milk Inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Research Journal of Microbiology, 3: 30-34."
},
{
"docid": "D1716118#0",
"title": "https://www.scribd.com/doc/6138463/National-Seminar-on-Value-Added-Dairy-Products\nNational Seminar on Value Added Dairy Products",
"text": "\"National Seminar on Value Added Dairy Products (DECEMBER 21- 22, 2005)COMMITTEES CORE COMMITTEE Dr. S. Singh Chairman Dr. G. R. Patil Co-Chairman Dr. A. A. Patel Convenor RECEPTION AND REGISTRATION COMMITTEE Dr. S. K. Kanawjia Chairman Dr. R. R. B. Singh Co-Chairman Mr. F. C. Garg Convenor Dr. Roop Lal Chaudhary Convenor MEMBERSMEMBERS Dr. R. K. Malik Dr. S. K. Kanawjia Dr. V. K. Gupta Dr. Dharam Pal Mr. B. B. Raina Dr. A. K. Dang Dr. Alok Jha MEMBERS Dr. Jessa Ram Dr. (Mrs.) Shilpa Vij Dr. Ritu Chakravarty Mr. Hari Ram Gupta Dr. (Mrs.) Vaishali Sharma Ms. Simran Kaur Arora Ms. Harpreet Kaur Ms. Shuman Kharb Ms. Preeti Singh Ms. Kirti Sharma Mr. Pranav Kumar Singh Mr. Hilal Ahmed Punoo Mr. Sunil Dahiya Ms. K. P. Indumati Ms. Kalayani Nair Dr. Sumit Arora Dr. Vivek Sharma Mr. R. P. Sharma Mr. R. S. Dhull Mr. Puneet Solanki Mr. Girish L Mr. Anek Arora Mr. Uma Shankar Pandit EXPO COMMITTEE Dr. Dharam Pal Chairman Dr. A. K. Dodeja Co-Chairman Dr. A. K. Puniya Convenor INVITATION & SEMINAR SECRETARIAT COMMITTEE Dr. G. R. Patil Chairman Dr. G. K. Goyal Co-Chairman Mr. F. C. Garg Convenor MEMBERS Mr. Bikram Kumar Mr. B. B. Raina Mr. A. K Sharma Dr. Naresh Goyal Dr. Rajesh Bajaj Mr. Gajendra Londhe Ms. Swati Srivastava Mr. Babbar Singh Mr. Bupesh Kumar Mr. Haresh Dahia Mr. Meera Bhagat NATIONAL SEMINAR ON VALUE ADDED DAIRY PRODUCTSMEMBERSDr. B. B. Verma Mr. U. C. Govil Mrs. Prem Kumari Mr. Jagdeesh Ram Mrs. Kusum Lata Mr. S. S. Meena Mr. Naresh CULTURAL PROGRAMME COMMITTEE Dr. Ashwani Sharma Chairman Dr. I. D. Gupta Co-Chairman Mr. D. K. Gosain Convenor PRESS COMMITTEE Dr. R. R. B. Singh Chairman Mr. D. K. Gosain Co-Chairman Mr. D. D. Ahluwalia Convenor Dr. A. K. Dang Mr. R. P. Sharma Mr. R. S. Dhull PROGRAMME COMMITTEE Dr. A. A. Patel Chairman Dr. S. K. Kanawjia Co-Chairman Dr. (Mrs.) Latha Sabikhi Convenor MEMBERS Mr. Prashant Kumar Dr. Prava Mayengbam Ms. Moloya Gohain Mr. Nitin Tyagi Mr. Mukesh Kumar Mr. Kashif Hasan MEMBERSMEMBERS Prof. I. K. Sawhney Dr. R. K. Malik Dr. Rameshwar Singh Mr. B. B. Raina Dr. S. K. Tomer TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE Dr. S. K. Tomer Chairman Dr. Naresh Goyal Co- Chairman December 21-22, 2005 NDRI, Karnal AUDIO VISUAL COMMITTEE Dr. (Mrs.) Jancy Gupta Chairman Mr. G. D. Joshi Co-Chairman Mr. S. K. Talwar Convenor Dr. Rameshwar Singh Co-Chairman Dr. Alok Jha Convenor POSTER PRESENTATION COMMITTEE Dr. T. Rai Chairman Dr. B. B. Verma Co-Chairman Dr. Sumit Arora Convenor MEMBERS Mr. Dharam Vir Mr. N. K. Sethi Mr. Ramesh Mr. Kashif Hasan MEMBERS Dr. S. K. Anand Dr. S. K. Tomar Dr. Dheer Singh Mr. D. D. Patange Mrs. Rekha Dahiya Mr. Amit Patel Mr. Hiral M Modha Mr. Kashif Hasan Mr. Nishant Jha MEMBERSVENUE COMMITTEE Dr. (Mrs.) Latha Sabikhi Chairman Dr. A. K. Singh Co-Chairman Dr. Rajan Sharma Convenor ACCOMMODATION COMMITTEE Dr. R. K. Malik Chairman Dr. Avtar Singh Co-Chairman Sh. D. D. Ahluwalia Convenor MEMBERSDr. ( Mrs.) Bimlesh Mann Dr. (Mrs.) Smita Sirohi Dr. Rajesh Bajaj Dr. Vivek Sharma Mr. Prateek Sharma Mr. Amit Patel Mr. Narendra Raju Mr. Navajeevan B. Dr. (Mrs.) Smita Sirohi Mr. R. K. Mittal Mr. Ganpat Mr. Kashif Hasan Mr. Avinash Karn Ms. Aashima Agrawal SUPPORT SERVICES COMMITTEE Mr. R. M. Chahal Chairman Mr. R. S. Chaudhary Co-Chairman Mr. Shravan Kumar Convenor MEMBERS Dr. Rattan Chand Dr. Naresh Goyal Dr. Dheer Singh Dr. S. K. Jha Dr. Gopal Sankhla Dr. A. K. Chauhan Dr. Rajan Sharma Sh. R. P. Sharma Sh. R. S. Dhull Mr. Amit Patel Mr. S. N. Rajakumar Mr. Raghvendra K. Pintu Mr. Sandeep Vats Mr. Sanyam Gupta PURCHASE COMMITTEE NATIONAL SEMINAR ON VALUE ADDED DAIRY PRODUCTS Dr. Dharam Pal Chairman Dr. D. K. Thomkinson Co-Chairman Mr. F. C. Garg Convenor MEMBERS Mr. Inder Lal Mr. R. P. Singh Mr. Satinder Kumar MEMBERS Dr. B. B. Verma Mr. Suresh Chandra Mr. Arvind Kumar Mr. A. K. Singh Mr. U. C. Govil LANDSCAPING COMMITTEE Mr. Pushpendra Kumar Chairman Mr. S. K. Kamboj Co-Chairman Mr. Prem Singh Convenor RESOURCE GENERATION COMMITTEE Dr. R. S. Mann Chairman Mr. B. B. Raina Co-Chairman Mr. A. K. Sharma Convenor CATERING COMMITTEE Prof. Surendra Singh Chairman Dr. Kishan Singh Co-Chairman Dr. Darshan Lal Convenor MEMBERS Mr. Balram Mr. Rati Ram Mr. Birju HEALTH COMMITTEE Dr. R. K. Malik Chairman Dr. Manoj Kumar Co-Chairman Dr. (Mrs.) Mahathi Prakash Convenor MEMBERS Dr. J. P. Dhaka Dr. Abhay Kumar Dr. R. S. Mann Dr. S. N. Rai Dr. B. S. Malik Dr. B. S. Chandel Dr. K. S. Kadyan Dr. Surjeet Singh Dr. A. K. Punia Dr. Rajesh Bajaj Dr. Gautam Kaul MEMBERS December 21-22, 2005 NDRI, Karnal Dr. J. C. Markandey Dr. Abhay Kumar Dr. T. K. Walli Dr. J. P. Sehgal Dr. Alok Jha Mr. Hari Ram Gupta MEMBERS Dr. Shivjeet Dr. K. S. Poswal Ms. Richa Walia Ms. Monika Ahlawat Ms. Saroj Bala PUBLICATION COMMITTEE Dr. V. K. Gupta Chairman From the President’s Desk Dairy Technology Society of India and National Dairy Research Institute are honoured to host the First Conference of Dairy Processing on Value Added Dairy Products in Karnal, Value the city of Dan Veer Karna, from December 21-22, 2005. First of all I would like to take this opportunity to extend you all a very cordial welcome to this national conference on my behalf and on behalf of the Organizing Committee. I feel pleased and proud to announce that Dairy Technology Society of India has been contributed on May 31, 2005 at NDRI, Karnal."
}
] |
8222 | which is the best definition of food insecurity? | [
{
"docid": "D2999295#0",
"title": "https://www.nap.edu/read/11578/chapter/5\nFood Insecurity and Hunger in the United States: An Assessment of the Measure (2006)",
"text": "\"Page 41Suggested Citation: \"\"3 Concepts and Definitions.\"\" National Research Council. 2006. Food Insecurity and Hunger in the United States: An Assessment of the Measure. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11578. ×Save Cancel3 Concepts and Definitions T his chapter discusses the conceptual issues associated with the concepts and definitions of food insecurity and hunger and their applications for measurement in the monitoring of food insecurity in the United States. The chapter also discusses the labeling of the severity levels of food insecurity. FOOD INSECURITY, HUNGER, MALNUTRITION, AND UNDERNOURISHMENT 1Food scarcity, with its dangers for survival and serious physical and psychological discomfort, has been part of human experience and human culture from the earliest inception of language and thought. Various concepts have emerged to describe aspects and consequences of food scarcity, although they are often ambiguous in meaning."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D205213#0",
"title": "http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/definitions-of-food-security.aspx\nDefinitions of Food Security",
"text": "\"Definitions of Food Security This page provides the following information: Ranges of Food Security and Food Insecurity CNSTAT Review and Recommendations Characteristics of Households with Very Low Food Security Return to Overview Ranges of Food Security and Food Insecurity In 2006, USDA introduced new language to describe ranges of severity of food insecurity. USDA made these changes in response to recommendations by an expert panel convened at USDA's request by the Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT) of the National Academies. Even though new labels were introduced, the methods used to assess households' food security remained unchanged, so statistics for 2005 and later years are directly comparable with those for earlier years for the corresponding categories. USDA's labels describe ranges of food security Food Security High food security ( old label=Food security): no reported indications of food-access problems or limitations. Marginal food security ( old label=Food security): one or two reported indications—typically of anxiety over food sufficiency or shortage of food in the house. Little or no indication of changes in diets or food intake. Food Insecurity Low food security ( old label=Food insecurity without hunger): reports of reduced quality, variety, or desirability of diet. Little or no indication of reduced food intake. Very low food security ( old label=Food insecurity with hunger): Reports of multiple indications of disrupted eating patterns and reduced food intake. CNSTAT Review and Recommendations USDA requested the review by CNSTAT to ensure that the measurement methods USDA uses to assess households' access—or lack of access—to adequate food and the language used to describe those conditions are conceptually and operationally sound and that they convey useful and relevant information to policy officials and the public."
},
{
"docid": "D689143#0",
"title": "https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/definitions-of-food-security.aspx\nDefinitions of Food Security",
"text": "\"Definitions of Food Security This page provides the following information: Ranges of Food Security and Food Insecurity CNSTAT Review and Recommendations Characteristics of Households with Very Low Food Security Return to Overview Ranges of Food Security and Food Insecurity In 2006, USDA introduced new language to describe ranges of severity of food insecurity. USDA made these changes in response to recommendations by an expert panel convened at USDA's request by the Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT) of the National Academies. Even though new labels were introduced, the methods used to assess households' food security remained unchanged, so statistics for 2005 and later years are directly comparable with those for earlier years for the corresponding categories. USDA's labels describe ranges of food security Food Security High food security ( old label=Food security): no reported indications of food-access problems or limitations. Marginal food security ( old label=Food security): one or two reported indications—typically of anxiety over food sufficiency or shortage of food in the house. Little or no indication of changes in diets or food intake. Food Insecurity Low food security ( old label=Food insecurity without hunger): reports of reduced quality, variety, or desirability of diet. Little or no indication of reduced food intake. Very low food security ( old label=Food insecurity with hunger): Reports of multiple indications of disrupted eating patterns and reduced food intake. CNSTAT Review and Recommendations USDA requested the review by CNSTAT to ensure that the measurement methods USDA uses to assess households' access—or lack of access—to adequate food and the language used to describe those conditions are conceptually and operationally sound and that they convey useful and relevant information to policy officials and the public."
},
{
"docid": "D3279669#0",
"title": "http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajfn/2/2/3/\nFood and Nutrition Scenario of Kenya",
"text": "\"AJFN » Archive » Volume 2 » Issue 2 » Research Article OPEN ACCESS PEER-REVIEWED 23808VIEWS6453DOWNLOADS2CITATIONSFood and Nutrition Scenario of Kenya Haradhan Kumar Mohajan Assistant Professor, Premier University, Chittagong, Bangladesh Article Metrics Related Content About the Authors Comments Follow the Authors Abstract1. Introduction2. Objective of the Study3. Agriculture Sector4. Staple Food5. Inflation6. Food Gap7. Foreign Aid8. Nutrition in Kenya9. Recommendations10."
},
{
"docid": "D1631267#0",
"title": "https://exemplore.com/astrology/Taurus-Characteristics-You-Were-Always-Curious-About\nTaurus Characteristics You Were Always Curious About",
"text": "Exemplore » Astrology Taurus Characteristics You Were Always Curious About Updated on April 18, 2016elle64 more Contact Author Taurus: April 21 - May 20What do Charlotte Bronte, Robert Pattinson and Adele have in common? You guessed it, they are all born under the astrological sign Taurus. One of the most unique astrological signs, Taureans are unique and unlike the rest of the crowd. Taurus people usually looks very calm and cool on the outside, but they have a deeper personality once you get to know them. They are also known as great socializers because of the way they mingle with the crowd no matter where they are. Being close to a Taurus can be fun but this doesn't mean that they will be opening their lives to you. They have deep thoughts and no one around them will be able to guess what they are currently thinking. You will only get to understand the deeper thoughts of a Taurus once they let you in into their mind. They will usually prepare themselves first and you need to earn their trust before they allow you to read their minds. That is why if you are serious about knowing a Taurus, earning their trust first would definitely be a good idea."
},
{
"docid": "D1618243#0",
"title": "https://www.feedingtexas.org/learn/food-insecurity/\nFamiliar, but hard to measure",
"text": "\"Familiar, but hard to measure Hunger is a familiar physical sensation, but can be hard to measure in a large population. Food insecurity offers an accepted method for measuring food deprivation. The USDA defines food insecurity as a state in which “consistent access to adequate food is limited by a lack of money and other resources at times during the year.” Good shorthand terms for food insecurity are “struggling to avoid hunger,” “hungry, or at risk of hunger,” and “hungry, or faced by the threat of hunger. ”How many Texans are food insecure? According to the latest USDA report, 14.3% of Texas households (one in seven) experienced food insecurity in the years 2014-2016. Texas was one of just fifteen states with higher food insecurity than the nation during this period. In raw numbers, 1.4 million Texas households were food insecure, more than almost any other state. What does “food insecurity” not mean? Food insecurity is not “the government’s definition of hunger.”"
},
{
"docid": "D1283547#0",
"title": "https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/the-worlds-10-hungriest-countries/\nThe world's 10 hungriest countries",
"text": "Food & Hunger The world's 10 hungriest countries There are over 870 million people in the world who are hungry right now. Share Tweet Email Flickr-RIBI Image Library By Clea Guy-Allen March 10, 2014There are over 870 million people in the world who are hungry right now. I'm not talking about could use a snack before lunch hungry, not even didn’t have time for breakfast hungry, but truly, continually, hungry. Of these 870 million people, it's been estimated by the World Food Programme that 98% live in developing countries, countries that perversely produce most of the world’s food stocks. So why is this the case? Here we look at the top 10 worst affected countries and see what obstacles are making them hungry and why:1. Burundi Image: Imgur73.4% of the population is believed to be undernourished. Sitting between Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania, Burundi is a landlocked country, which means that on average it will experience 6% less economic growth than non landlocked countries, mainly due to the cost of transport for import and export transactions. Over half of Burundi’s 9.85 million citizens live below the poverty line, with an estimated 35% of the population being out of work. The main problem with Burundi is not that it can’t produce food, but that due to overpopulation, soil erosion, climate change, high food prices and an ongoing civil war, the country has to import more than they are exporting."
},
{
"docid": "D19866#0",
"title": "https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-countries-importing-the-most-food-in-the-world.html\nCountries Most Dependent On Others For Food",
"text": "World Facts Countries Most Dependent On Others For Food Many extraneous factors such as war, drought, regional conflict, and natural disasters can affect a country's ability to feed itself. Not every country's climate is well-suited to food production. In fact, even if they are, internal conflict can affect a country's ability to grow food. Food security was, and still is, a major issue, for both wealthy and poverty-ridden countries all over the world. This should come as no surprise with the ever present inflation of food demand that stems in large from a continually rising global population. According to the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, in 2011 food prices rose for eight straight months, which made the already unpredictable situation in global food markets worse than ever. Such increases may have been beneficial for some countries, especially those who were the top exporters. For the rest of the world, however, such a phenomenon meant real trouble, such as economic crises, major social unrest, and even the decline of certain governments' powers.1 in 6 People in the Word Rely on Imports to Feed Them Today Continued population and/or income increase have pushed the United States, China, Germany, Japan and the United Kingdom up the list of the Countries Who Import the Most Food. According to the Standard International Trade Classification, or SITC, food are the commodities that fall under sections 0, 1 and 4 as well as division 22. Section 0 is comprised of food and live animals, section 1 of beverages and tobacco and section 4 of vegetable and animal fats and oils."
},
{
"docid": "D1379522#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/How-many-Americans-starve-to-death-each-year\nHow many Americans starve to death each year?",
"text": "\"Poverty in the US Starvation Impact of International Economics on the United States Hunger The Economy of the United States of America Poverty The Economy International Economics Death and Dying The United States of America How many Americans starve to death each year?13 Answers Gregory Norton, studied Political Philosophy & Economics Updated Mar 18, 2018 · Author has 6k answers and 2.6m answer views There could be some who have become physically isolated by misfortune. Others who have isolated themselves (due to mental or emotional problems). Most of those who die from insufficient caloric intake are those captured or mistreated by others and prevented from obtaining food. The last would be primarily elderly who are starved to death (murdered) rather than \"\"starving\"\" to death because food was not available. In total, very few. But this has been true for almost 400 years. Americans have lived in communities, with exceptions among solitary trappers and explorers, and since the \"\"First Thanksgiving\"\" the communities have ensured their members receive enough food to stay alive. There must be exceptions, including settlers who became isolated (the Donner party comes to mind) but those exceptions are very rare. The web site Annual Causes of Death in the United States lists causes down to 7,000 per year (from HIV) but does not have a category for Starvation, so the total must be fewer than 7,000. In 2014, 10,000 people died from Heroine overdoses."
},
{
"docid": "D3191870#0",
"title": "https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/poverty/reports/2011/10/05/10504/hunger-in-america/\nHunger in America",
"text": "Poverty Hunger in America Suffering We All Pay For By Donald S. Shepard, Elizabeth Setren, and Donna Cooper Posted on October 5, 2011, 9:00 am AP/Kevin Rivoli If high levels of unemployment continue and wage stagnation remains, the number of hungry and food insecure families will either stay the same or rise. Download this report (pdf)Download the introduction and summary (pdf)Read the full report in your web browser (Scribd)See also: Interactive Map: Costs of Hunger by Donna Cooper The Great Recession and the currently tepid economic recovery swelled the ranks of American households confronting hunger and food insecurity by 30 percent. In 2010 48.8 million Americans lived in food insecure households, meaning they were hungry or faced food insecurity at some point during the year. That’s 12 million more people than faced hunger in 2007, before the recession, and represents 16.1 percent of the U. S. population. Yet hunger is not readily seen in America. We see neither newscasts showing small American children with distended bellies nor legions of thin, frail people lined up at soup kitchens. That’s primarily because the expansion of the critical federal nutrition assistance program, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, helped many families meet some of their household food needs. But in spite of the increase in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program funding, many families still have to make tough choices between a meal and paying for other basic necessities. In 2010 nearly half of the households seeking emergency food assistance reported having to choose between paying for utilities or heating fuel and food. Nearly 40 percent said they had to choose between paying for rent or a mortgage and food."
},
{
"docid": "D53864#0",
"title": "http://annieandre.com/2011/05/bore-everyone-10-steps-to-being-a-boring-person-and-live-a-dill-life/\nWhy Am I So Boring? 10 Signs You are Boring The Hell Out Of Everyone And How To Be Less Boring",
"text": "email facebookpinterest twitter linkedin tumblr google+ reddit pocket If you’ve ever asked yourself, “why am I so boring?” or wondered “ how to be less boring”, you’re not alone. Sometimes the best way to figure things out is to take a good look at yourself, your life or to seek the advice and examples of others. With that said, here is what years of experiments, trial and error have unearthed for me. I hope my discoveries help you identify some things in yourself so that you can get on with your life and start living your life to the fullest. STOP!!! DO NOT take offense just because you have a few of the traits I list in this article. I’ve had several people leave vile comments suggesting I am telling people to change or that this article describes people with Aspergers or describes depressed people. Those are all serious issues but these are my personal experiences of how I personally dealt with my insecurities. Some of the things I say may or may not resonate with you."
},
{
"docid": "D2815495#0",
"title": "http://people.rit.edu/vvrsps/Essays/CultDiff.htm\nIntroduction",
"text": "What does Cultural Difference Mean? Introduction The topic for discussion in this year’s symposium is of the utmost importance for the coming century because, as a result of globalization and mutual influences, there are deep fears of cultural homogenization, hegemony, and imperialism. Not unrelated to such fears are efforts to seek and affirm one’s cultural identity, and eloquent calls for the preservation of various cultures. Given that some of these expressions of cultural differences have been provoked by past unpleasant experiences and from concerns about the possible loss of one’s own culture, not all the reactions are based on clear understanding or a rational appraisal of historical forces. As a result, there have been some unhappy, if not absurd, manifestations of cultural chauvinism, and there are also potential dangers for the future well-being of some peoples and civilizations in such misunderstandings. Dimensions of culture By definition, culture is what has been cultivated. It is the product of many years of continuous history and civilization of a people. It is essentially what has grown from the minds and creativity of a group of people that share a common heritage. The cultural differences among individuals arise because of the influences they have been subjected to. These influences are of two categories: (a) Those that act in the early stages of ones formation; and (b) those that arise later as a result of education, reading, travel, and the like."
},
{
"docid": "D2589888#0",
"title": "http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4671e/y4671e06.htm\nChapter 2. Food security: concepts and measurement [21]",
"text": "Chapter 2. Food security: concepts and measurement [21]2.1 Introduction This chapter looks at the origins of the concept of chronic food insecurity, the implications for measurement, and suggests the need for a complementary investigation into the implications for transitory food insecurity of trade liberalization. The 2002 food crisis in Southern Africa is used to highlight issues for further discussion.2.2 Defining food security Food security is a flexible concept as reflected in the many attempts at definition in research and policy usage. Even a decade ago, there were about 200 definitions in published writings [22] . Whenever the concept is introduced in the title of a study or its objectives, it is necessary to look closely to establish the explicit or implied definition [23]. The continuing evolution of food security as an operational concept in public policy has reflected the wider recognition of the complexities of the technical and policy issues involved. The most recent careful redefinition of food security is that negotiated in the process of international consultation leading to the World Food Summit (WFS) in November 1996. The contrasting definitions of food security adopted in 1974 and 1996, along with those in official FAO and World Bank documents of the mid-1980s, are set out below with each substantive change in definition underlined. A comparison of these definitions highlights the considerable reconstruction of official thinking on food security that has occurred over 25 years. These statements also provide signposts to the policy analyses, which have re-shaped our understanding of food security as a problem of international and national responsibility. Food security as a concept originated only in the mid-1970s, in the discussions of international food problems at a time of global food crisis."
},
{
"docid": "D3531467#0",
"title": "https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/nov/04/instagram-young-women-self-esteem-essena-oneill\nYoung women on Instagram and self-esteem: 'I absolutely feel insecure'",
"text": "Social media Young women on Instagram and self-esteem: 'I absolutely feel insecure'Essena O’Neill, an Australian teenager, quit Instagram and called it ‘contrived perfection’. We asked several young women about the pressure of the social media platform and how it affects their digital and personal lives Mahita Gajanan@mahitagajanan Email Wed 4 Nov 2015 09.39 EST14.54 EDT1,431 256An Australian teenager with more than half a million followers on Instagram has quit the platform, describing it as ‘contrived perfection made to get attention’. Photograph: Instagram T his week, Essena O’Neill, an Australian teenager with more than half a million followers on Instagram, made headlines after announcing that she was quitting the platform because it is “contrived perfection made to get attention”. “I remember I obsessively checked the like count for a full week since uploading it,” she wrote of her first-ever post on Instagram, a selfie that now has close to 2,500 likes. “ It got 5 likes. This was when I was so hungry for social media validation … Now marks the day I quit all social media and focus on real life projects. ”We wondered: how many young women share O’Neill’s experience? So we asked several others about whether they feel pressured to appear a certain way on Instagram, and how the platform affects their self-esteem. Michelle Linker, 24: ‘I absolutely feel insecure’I get serious Fomo (fear of missing out) with Instagram, and with all social media. People are publicizing usually something really cool or fun that they’re doing, or at least they make it appear that way."
},
{
"docid": "D1388842#0",
"title": "https://thoughtcatalog.com/sabrina-alexis/2015/12/if-he-is-sending-you-mixed-messages-the-message-is-clear-he-doesnt-like-you/2/\nIf He Is Sending You Mixed Messages, The Message Is Clear: He Doesnât Like You",
"text": "\"If He Is Sending You Mixed Messages, The Message Is Clear: He Doesn’t Like You By Sabrina Alexis , December 21st 2015Comment Flag http://tcat.tc/1O4gr8u This story is an exclusive chapter excerpt from 10 Things Every Woman Needs to Know About Men. What if I do something to suddenly turn him off? A lot of women worry that doing or saying the wrong thing will send a guy from like to dislike as quick as clicking on the button on Facebook. Here’s something to keep in mind. When a guy likes you, really likes you, he won’t be turned off by something small you say or do, and it will take a lot more than responding to his texts right away or using too many enthusiastic emojis to turn him off. If he likes you, he won’t change his mind over something small. If he’s unsure of you, the small things can be enough to cause his interest to wane further. Again, nothing you can say or do will change this; if there just isn’t enough fundamental chemistry and compatibility to begin with, a guy can be turned off by something small because he was never attracted enough in the first place. So there’s no reason to beat yourself up, because it really isn’t anything you did. Sometimes a guy just isn’t in a place where he can be in a relationship."
},
{
"docid": "D1618238#0",
"title": "http://www.apa.org/pi/ses/resources/indicator/2012/06/household-food-insecurities.aspx\nHousehold food insecurities: Threats to childrenâs well-being",
"text": "Lead Story Household food insecurities: Threats to children’s well-being Pediatric psychologist Dr. Maureen Black discusses household food insecurity and children's health in the United States By Maureen Black, Ph DHousehold food insecurity, defined as the inability to provide enough food for a healthy and active lifestyle for all household members, is a major U. S. public health problem (Coleman-Jensen, Nord, Andrews, & Carlson, 2011). Based on data from the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), in 2010, 14.5 percent of U. S. households — 17.2 million households — were food insecure, with rates as high as 49.9 percent for low-income, female-headed households with children (Nord, Coleman-Jensen, Andrews, & Carlson, 2010). Although food insecurity is associated with poverty, approximately 85 percent of food insecure households with children had an adult who was employed, suggesting that employment opportunities and wages are important considerations in food insecurity. Consequences of household food insecurity for young children Household food insecurity has insidious effects on the health and development of young children, including increased hospitalizations, poor health, iron deficiency, developmental risk and behavior problems, primarily aggression, anxiety, depression, and attention deficit disorder (Cook & Frank, 2008; Whitaker, Phillips, & Orzol, 2006). These concerns early in life increase children’s risk of poor school readiness, poor school performance and subsequent health disparities and poverty. Research among school-age children has found associations between household food insecurity and low scores on measures of health, behavioral functioning and academic performance (Yoo, & Slack, & Holl, 2009). Findings related to the association between household food insecurity and children’s growth have been controversial, with some studies showing overweight/obesity and others showing underweight (Larson & Story, 2011). Household food insecurity occurs disproportionately among children and families at high risk of obesity, making it difficult to determine causal effects. The lack of clear associations between food insecurity and children’s growth means that it is often invisible. Without asking specifically about food insecurity, providers are unlikely to recognize children and families who are food insecure."
},
{
"docid": "D1026347#0",
"title": "https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090625113857.htm\nOne Billion Hungry People: Multiple Causes Of Food Insecurity Considered",
"text": "\"Science News from research organizations One Billion Hungry People: Multiple Causes Of Food Insecurity Considered Date: July 14, 2009Source: International Society for Plant Pathology Summary: New articles document some of the multiple causes of food insecurity. Topics include desertification, flooding, adaptation of remote communities to modern technology, seasonality of food crops and the corresponding dearth between harvests, lack of iron in traditionally consumed food, resulting in anaemia, and taboos that inhibit people from supplementing their diets with nutritious wild fruits that are readily available. Share: FULL STORYMany people, little space: city near Surabaya (Indonesia, population 0.25 billion). Credit: Image courtesy of International Society for Plant Pathology In 2009, the population of inadequately nourished people is projected to exceed 1 billion for the first time according to new estimates published by FAO. It is hard to imagine 1 billion people. Consider for example merely counting them: allowing just 1 second for each, counting day and night, it would take more than 30 years. The most recent increase in hunger recorded by FAO is not the consequence of poor global harvests but is caused by the world economic crisis that has resulted in lower incomes and increased unemployment leading to reduced access to food by the poor. If the new journal Food Security needed an early example to justify its breadth of coverage, the FAO report certainly provides it: originating from the International Society for Plant Pathology in a joint venture with Springer, Food Security is subtitled The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food. The second issue of Food Security is now published, and is free online. It documents some of the multiple causes of food insecurity."
},
{
"docid": "D2790483#0",
"title": "http://abcnews.go.com/US/hunger_at_home/hunger-home-american-children-malnourished/story?id=14367230\nShocking Need: American Kids Go Hungry",
"text": "\"Shocking Need: American Kids Go Hungry By Kimberly Brown August 24, 2011ABCNEWS.com WATCH Hunger Hurts: Americans Fighting Back Email In high school, Katherine Foronda trained herself not to feel hungry until after the school day had ended. She wasn't watching her weight or worrying about boys seeing her eat. She just didn't have any food to eat or any money to buy it. \"\" I thought, if I wasn't hungry during class I'd be able to actually focus on what we were learning,'' said Foronda, now 19. Every day, children in every county in the United States wake up hungry. They go to school hungry. They turn out the lights at night hungry. That is one of the stunning key findings of a new study to be released Thursday by Feeding America, a network of 200 food banks and the largest hunger charity in the country. As many as 17 million children nationwide are struggling with what is known as food insecurity. To put it another way, one in four children in the country is living without consistent access to enough nutritious food to live a healthy life, according to the study, \"\"Map the Meal Child Food Insecurity 2011. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D377725#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undernutrition\nMalnutrition",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Undernutrition)navigation search\"\"Underfeeding\"\" redirects here. For the concept in metalworking, see Underfeeder. Malnutrition Synonyms Malnourishment An orange ribbon—the awareness ribbon for malnutrition. Specialty Critical care medicine Symptoms Problems with physical or mental development, poor energy levels, swollen legs and abdomen [1] [2]Causes Eating a diet in which nutrients are either not enough or are too much, malabsorption [3] [4]Risk factors Not breastfeed, gastroenteritis, pneumonia, malaria, measles [5]Prevention Improving agricultural practices, reducing poverty, improving sanitation, empowerment of women [6] [7]Treatment Improved nutrition, supplementation, ready-to-use therapeutic foods, treating the underlying cause [6] [8] [9]Frequency 793 million undernourished / 13% of the population (2015) [10]Deaths 406,000 from nutritional deficiencies (2015) [11]Malnutrition is a condition that results from eating a diet in which nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that the diet causes health problems. [ 3] [1] It may involve calories, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins or minerals. [ 1] Not enough nutrients is called undernutrition or undernourishment while too much is called overnutrition. [ 2] Malnutrition is often used to specifically refer to undernutrition where an individual is not getting enough calories, protein, or micronutrients. [ 2] [12] If undernutrition occurs during pregnancy, or before two years of age, it may result in permanent problems with physical and mental development. [ 1] Extreme undernourishment, known as starvation, may have symptoms that include: a short height, thin body, very poor energy levels, and swollen legs and abdomen. [ 1] [2] People also often get infections and are frequently cold. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3216623#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_security\nHuman security",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Human security is an emerging paradigm for understanding global vulnerabilities whose proponents challenge the traditional notion of national security by arguing that the proper referent for security should be the individual rather than the state. Human security reveals a people-centred and multi-disciplinary understanding of security involves a number of research fields, including development studies, international relations, strategic studies, and human rights [ clarification needed]. The United Nations Development Programme 's 1994 Human Development Report [1] is considered a milestone publication in the field of human security, with its argument that insuring \"\" freedom from want \"\" and \"\" freedom from fear \"\" for all persons is the best path to tackle the problem of global insecurity. [ 2]Critics of the concept argue that its vagueness undermines its effectiveness, [3] that it has become little more than a vehicle for activists wishing to promote certain causes, and that it does not help the research community understand what security means or help decision makers to formulate good policies. [ 4] Alternatively, other scholars have argued that the concept of human security should be broadened to encompass military security: 'In other words, if this thing called ‘human security’ has the concept of ‘the human’ embedded at the heart of it, then let us address the question of the human condition directly. Thus understood, human security would no longer be the vague amorphous add-on to harder edged areas of security such as military security or state security.' [ 5]In order for human security to challenge global inequalities, there has to be cooperation between a country’s foreign policy and its approach to global health. However, the interest of the state has continued to overshadow the interest of the people. For instance, Canada's foreign policy, \"\"three Ds\"\", has been criticized for emphasizing defense more than development. [ 6]Contents [ hide ]1 Origins2 Concept2.1 UNDP's 1994 definition2.2 Freedom from Fear vs Freedom from Want and beyond2.3 Relationship with traditional security2.4 Relationship with development2.5 Relationship with human rights2.6 Relationship with non-governmental organizations2.7 Relationship with the environment2.8 Gender and human security2.8.1 Feminist Critiques of Human Security2.8.1.1 Rape As A Weapon of War Theory2.8.1.2 The Category of Human2.8.1.3 Eurocentrism2.9 Prevent, react, and rebuild3 Relationship with Humanitarian Action4 Practice4.1 Humanitarian intervention4.2 Anti-personnel landmines5 Criticism6 Formulation of a Human Security Index and an environment for discussing same7 See also8 References9 External links Origins [ edit]The emergence of the human security discourse was the product of a convergence of factors at the end of the Cold War. These challenged the dominance of the neorealist paradigm’s focus on states, “mutually assured destruction” and military security and briefly enabled a broader concept of security to emerge."
},
{
"docid": "D1729821#0",
"title": "http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/\nHow close are we to #ZeroHunger?",
"text": "\"A good harvest ©branislavpudar | Shutterstock.com There is more than enough food produced in the world to feed everyone, yet 815 million people go hungry. As reflected in Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG 2), one of the greatest challenges the world faces is how to ensure that a growing global population - projected to rise to around 10 billion by 2050 – has enough food to meet their nutritional needs. To feed another two billion people in 2050, food production will need to increase by 50 percent globally. Food security is a complex condition requiring a holistic approach to all forms of malnutrition, the productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, resilience of food production systems and the sustainable use of biodiversity and genetic resources. PART 1World hunger on the rise After steadily declining for over a decade, global hunger appears to be on the rise, affecting 11 percent of the global population. World hunger is on the rise: the estimated number of undernourished people increased from 777 million in 2015 to 815 million in 2016In addition to an increase in the proportion of the world’s population that suffers from chronic hunger (prevalence of undernourishment), the number of undernourished people on the planet has also increased to 815 million, up from 777 million in 2015. This sobering news comes in a year in which famine struck in parts of South Sudan for several months in 2017 and food insecurity situations at risk of turning into famines were identified in other conflict-affected countries, namely Nigeria, Somalia and Yemen. The food security situation visibly worsened in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, South Eastern and Western Asia. This was most notable in situations of conflict, in particular where the food security impacts of conflict were compounded by droughts of floods, linked in part to El Niño phenomenon and climate-related shocks. Over the past ten years, the number of violent conflicts around the world has increased significantly, in particular in countries already facing food insecurity, hitting rural communities the hardest and having a negative impact on food production and availability."
}
] |
8227 | which lobe of the brain is associated with the taste (gustatory) area | [
{
"docid": "D541349#0",
"title": "https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Sensory_Systems/Gustatory_System\nSensory Systems/Gustatory System",
"text": "\"Sensory Systems Vision Hearing Balance Feeling Smell Taste Technological Aspects Implants Models In Animals Birds Fish Marine Animals Arthropods Other Animals Contents1 Introduction1.1 Bitter1.2 Salty1.3 Sour1.4 Sweet1.5 Umami (savory or tasty)2 Sensory Organs2.1 Tongue and Taste Buds2.2 Tongue map2.3 Supertasters3 Transduction of Taste3.1 Bitter3.2 Salt3.3 Sour3.4 Sweet3.5 Umami (Savory)4 Signal Processing5 Taste and Other Senses5.1 Spicy food6 Taste disorders6.1 Ageusia (complete loss of taste)6.2 Dysgeusia (abnormal taste)Introduction [ edit]The Gustatory System or sense of taste allows us to perceive different flavors from substances like food, drinks, medicine etc. Molecules that we taste or tastants are sensed by cells in our mouth, which send information to the brain. These specialized cells are called taste cells and can sense 5 main tastes: bitter, salty, sweet, sour and umami (savory). All the variety of flavors that we know are combinations of molecules which fall into these categories. Measuring the degree by which a substance presents one of the basic tastes is done subjectively by comparing its taste to a taste of a reference substance according to relative indexes of different substances. For the bitter taste quinine (found in tonic water) is used to rate how bitter a substance is. Saltiness can be rated by comparing to a dilute salt solution. The sourness is compared to diluted hydrochloric acid (H+Cl-). Sweetness is measured relative to sucrose. The values of these reference substances are defined as 1."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D348949#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantosmia\nPhantosmia",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Not to be confused with Parosmia. Phantosmia (phantom smell), also called an olfactory hallucination, is smelling an odor that is not actually there. It can occur in one nostril or both. [ 1] Unpleasant phantosmia, cacosmia, is more common and is often described as smelling something that is burned, foul, spoiled, or rotten. [ 2] Experiencing occasional phantom smells is normal and usually goes away on its own in time. [ 3] When hallucinations of this type do not seem to go away or when they keep coming back, it can be very upsetting and can disrupt an individual's quality of life. [ 1]Olfactory hallucinations can be caused by common medical conditions such as nasal infections, nasal polyps, or dental problems. It can result from neurological conditions such as migraines, head injuries, strokes, Parkinson's disease, seizures, or brain tumors. [ 3] It can also be a symptom of certain mental disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, intoxication or withdrawal from drugs and alcohol, or psychotic disorders. [ 2] Environmental exposures are sometimes the cause as well, such as smoking, exposure to certain types of chemicals (e.g., insecticides or solvents ), or radiation treatment for head or neck cancer. ["
},
{
"docid": "D383861#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/science/human-sensory-reception\nHuman sensory reception",
"text": "Human sensory reception, means by which humans react to changes in external and internal environments. Ancient philosophers called the human senses “the windows of the soul,” and Aristotle described at least five senses—sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. Aristotle ’s influence has been so enduring that many people still speak of the five senses as if there were no others. Yet the modern sensory catalog now includes receptors in the muscles, tendons, and joints, which give rise to the kinesthetic sense (that is, the sense of motion ), and receptors in the vestibular organs in the inner ear, which give rise to the sense of balance. Within the circulatory system, sensory receptors are found that are sensitive to carbon dioxide in the blood or to changes in blood pressure or heart rate, and there are receptors in the digestive tract that appear to mediate such experiences as hunger and thirst. Some brain cells may also participate as hunger receptors. This is especially true of cells in the lower parts of the brain (such as the hypothalamus) where some cells have been found to be sensitive to changes in blood chemistry (water and other products of digestion) and even to changes in temperature within the brain itself.sensory reception Human sensory reception. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. A horizontal cross section of the human eye, showing the major parts of the eye, including the protective covering of the cornea over the front of the eye. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. General considerations of sensation Basic features of sensory structures One way to classify sensory structures is by the stimuli to which they normally respond; thus, there are photoreceptors (for light), mechanoreceptors (for distortion or bending), thermoreceptors (for heat), chemoreceptors (e.g., for chemical odours), and nociceptors (for painful stimuli). This classification is useful because it makes clear that various sense organs can share common features in the way they convert (transduce) stimulus energy into nerve impulses."
},
{
"docid": "D2328212#0",
"title": "http://mentalhealthdaily.com/2015/05/18/hypnopompic-hallucinations-causes-types-treatment/\nHypnopompic Hallucinations: Causes, Types, & Treatment",
"text": "Hypnopompic Hallucinations: Causes, Types, & Treatment Share Pin Reddit Stumble Email486Hypnopompic hallucinations refer to bizarre sensory experiences that occur during the transitory period between a sleeping state and wakefulness. Imagine sensing that you are slowly transitioning from a sleeping state to being fully awake, when at some point during that transition, you begin seeing vivid geometric shapes, hearing sounds, or even sensing touch. These sensations could be described as hypnopompic in that you aren’t fully asleep, yet simultaneously aren’t fully awake. Although hypnopompic phenomena are often reported among those with various types of sleep disorders (e.g. narcolepsy), they are also reported by 6.6% of the general population. In some cases, these hypnopompic hallucinations may be frightening and accompanied by an episode of sleep paralysis. In other cases, they may be relatively benign (e.g. geometric shapes) or even pleasant (e.g. feeling as if you are floating). Experiences of hypnopompic hallucinations are often a result of individual brain anatomy, neurochemistry, and cumulative subconscious material. These differ from dreams in that they are perceived as occurring while you’re semi-conscious. Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11166087What are hypnopompic hallucinations? Definition."
},
{
"docid": "D2250525#0",
"title": "http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/342notes11.html\n.",
"text": "\"BIO 342Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Lecture Notes 11 - Nervous System The Vertebrate Nervous System:1 - receives stimuli from receptors & transmits information to effectors that respond to stimulation2 - regulates behavior by integrating incoming sensory information with stored information (the results of past experience) & translating that into action by way of effectors3 - includes billions of nerve cells (or neurons), each of which establishes thousands of contacts with other nerve cells4 - also includes neuroglia cells that support, nourish, & insulate neurons Subdivisions of the Vertebrate Nervous System:1 - Central Nervous System - including the brain & spinal cord2 - Peripheral Nervous System - including cranial nerves, spinal nerves, & all branches of cranial & spinal nerves Source: http://www.david.curtis.care4free.net/neurons.htm Neurons (or nerve cells):respond to stimuli & conduct impulses3 types - all with cell body & processes (axons & dendrites):multipolarbipolarunipolar Multipolar neuron Bipolar neuron Unipolar neuron Nerves = bundles of nerve cell processes; may be sensory, motor, or mixed Spinal cord:located in vertebral canalanatomical beginning is the foramen magnum of the skulllength varies among vertebrates:in vertebrates with abundant tail musculature, the spinal cord extends to the caudal end of the vertebral columnin vertebrates without tails or without much tail musculature, the spinal cord extends to about the lumbar region of the vertebral columna cross-section of the spinal cord reveals gray matter & white matter. The gray matter consists of nerve cell bodies, while the white matter consists of nerve cell processes (axons). These processes make up ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) fiber tracts. Used with permission of G. Mandl Spinal nerves:arise from spinal cord by dorsal & ventral roots. The dorsal root exhibits a ganglion & is sensory, while the ventral root has no ganglion & is motor.early vertebrates:dorsal & ventral roots did not unitedorsal roots were mixed (contained both sensory & motor fibers)no dorsal root ganglion Rami - 2 branches of each spinal nerve:dorsal ramus - supplies epaxial muscles & skin of the dorsal part of the bodyventral ramus - supplies hypaxial muscles & skin of the side & ventral part of the body Functional types of neurons in spinal nerves (& other nerves):somatic afferent - sensory from general cutaneous receptors (in the skin) & proprioceptors (in skeletal muscles, tendons, & joints)somatic efferent - motor to skeletal musclesvisceral afferent - sensory from receptors in the viscera (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, & glands)visceral efferent - motor to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, & glands Brain:the anterior end of the embryonic central nervous system exhibits 3 primary sections:prosencephalon (forebrain) - subsequently divides into the telencephalon (cerebrum) & diencephalon (epithalamus, thalamus, & hypothalamus)mesencephalon (midbrain) - develops without further subdivision & forms the tectumrhombencephalon (hindbrain) - subdivides into the metencephalon (pons & cerebellum) and myelencephalon (medulla oblongata)Source: http://brainmuseum.org/development/index.html Phylogenetic trend in vertebrate brains is for enlargement of forebrain:increasingly complex behaviors & muscle control:coordination of limb movements more complicated (e.g., bipedal dinosaurs & birds)increased input of sensory information & increased output of motor responses Source: http://www.colorado.edu/epob/epob3730rlynch/image/figure5-1.jpg Myelencephalon - consists of the medulla oblongata & its major functions include:origin of cranial nerves (VII - X or VII - XII)pathway for ascending & descending fiber tractscontains centers important in regulating respiration, heartbeat, & intestinal motility Metencephalon - consists of the pons & cerebellum: Pons - pathway for ascending & descending fiber tracts & origin of cranial nerves V, VI, & VIICerebellum - modifies & monitors motor output:important in maintaining equilibriumcoordinates & refines motor action Mesencephalon - consists of the tectum which includes the optic lobes & auditory lobes:optic lobes - receive fibers from retina; vary in size with relative importance of visionauditory lobes - receive fibers from inner ear Diencephalon - consists of the epithalamus, hypothalamus, & thalamus:epithalamus - includes pineal gland (epiphysis) that affects skin pigmentation (by acting on melanocytes) in lower vertebrates & plays a role in regulating biological rhythms in higher vertebrateshypothalamus - regulates body temperature, water balance, appetite, blood pressure, sexual behavior, & some aspects of emotional behaviorthalamus - major coordinating, or relay, center for sensory impulses from all parts of the body Source: http://www.colorado.edu/epob/epob3730rlynch/image/figure5-4.jpg Telencephalon - consists of the cerebrum which, in turn, consists of 2 cerebral hemispherescerebrum has 2 regions: a dorsal PALLIUM (with medial, dorsal, & lateral divisions) & a ventral SUBPALLIUM (consisting of a striatum & a septum)all vertebrates have a cerebrum based on the same basic plan; major phylogenetic changes are due to loss, fusion, or enlargement of the various regions.medial pallium receives olfactory informationdorsal & lateral pallia receive other sensory input (including visual & auditory information relayed from the thalamus)agnathans, fish, & amphibians - pallia are similar Source: http://www.auburn.edu/academic/classes/zy/0301/Topic19/Topic19.htmlreptiles - pallium has 3 main divisions (medial, dorsal, & lateral) but also has a large DORSAL VENTRICULAR RIDGE (DVR), derived from lateral pallium; DVR may be higher association areabirds - DVR expands further; dorsal part increases in size & is called the WULST; as in reptiles, the DVR appears to serve as a higher association area Source: http://www.pigeon.psy.tufts.edu/avc/husband/avc2amnt.htmmammals - do not have enlarged DVR but DORSAL PALLIUM is enlarged & is called the CEREBRAL CORTEX; cortex receives & analyzes sensory information & initiates motor activitysubpallium:septum - important part of the limbic system (regulates emotions & plays vital role in short-term memory)striatum - also called basal ganglia; present in all vertebrates & controls sequence of actions in complex movements Cranial nerves - agnathans, most fish, & living amphibians have 10 cranial nerves; crossopterygians & amniotes have 12: Olfactory nerve (I) - sensory nerve; sense of smell Optic nerve (II) - sensory ‘nerve’; sense of vision Oculomotor nerve (III) - motor nerve to extrinsic eye muscles Trochlear nerve (IV) - motor to extrinsic eye muscles Trigeminal (V) - mixed nerve; sensory from skin of head & mouth (including teeth) & motor to muscles of 1st pharyngeal arch (muscles of jaw)Abducens (VI) - motor to extrinsic eyeball muscles Facial (VII) - mixed nerve; sensory from lateral line of head, ampullae of Lorenzini, & taste buds; motor to muscles of hyoid arch Auditory (VIII) - sensory from inner ear (balance & hearing)Glossopharyngeal (IX) - mixed nerve; sensory from taste buds & lateral line; motor to muscles of 3rd arch Vagus (X) - mixed nerve; sensory from & motor to heart, anterior digestive system, mouth, gill pouches 2 - 5, & lateral line Accessory nerve (XI) - motor to derivatives of cucullaris muscle (cleidomastoid, sternomastoid, & trapezius)Hypoglossal nerve (XII) - motor to hyoid & tongue muscles Possibly useful mnemonics to aid in memorization of cranial nerves: “On Old Olympus Towering Top A Finn And German Viewed A Hop” or “Oh, Once One Takes The Anatomy Final, A Good Vacation Appears Heavenly. ”Sensory Organs Sensory receptors:monitor the external & internal environment by responding to selected stimuli, then ‘translating’ those stimuli into nerve impulses Types of sensory organs:somatic sensory organs - provide information about the external environmentvisceral sensory organs - provide information about the organism's internal environmentgeneral sensory organs - widely distributed over the surface & interior of the bodyspecial sensory organs - confined to the head (amniotes & terrestrial amphibians)Special Somatic Receptors Neuromast organs ('groove organ' below in Figure 10-4)receptors in skin of fishes & aquatic amphibians that detect water currents & ‘hear’ soundsoccur singly, in groups, or in a linear series (e.g., lateral lines)may also be modified to detect electricity (ampullae of Lorenzini)Shark lateral line system The ampullae of Lorenzini are small vesicles that form part of an extensive subcutaneous sensory network system. These vesicles are found around the head of the shark. They detect weak magnetic fields produced by other fish at short ranges. This enables a shark to locate prey buried in the sand or to orient to nearby movement. Each ampulla is a bundle of sensory cells innervated by several nerve fibers."
},
{
"docid": "D1784981#0",
"title": "https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/lateral-view-of-the-brain\nLateral View of the Brain",
"text": "Lateral View of the Brain Contents Introduction Brainstem Cerebellum Cerebrum Superolateral Surface Summary Brainstem Cerebellum Cerebrum Introduction Brain - lateral view The lateral view of the brain shows the three major parts of the brain which are the:cerebrum,cerebellum and,brainstem. They are each divided into subparts or regions for simplified localization of structures, for example the brainstem is composed of the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata, while the cerebrum is divisible into lobes. These parts of the brain are also marked with visible gross features, like the gyri and sulci of the cerebrum. Sulci are small grooves; but there are also large grooves called fissures. Fissures divide the cerebral cortex into lobes and also divide the cerebrum into the right and left cerebral hemispheres along the sagittal plane. The fissure involved in this division is called the medial longitudinal fissure. Also worthy of note regarding the lateral view of the brain is that the structures seen from are specifically referred to as “cortex”, except for the brainstem part. Thus we can see the cerebellar and cerebral cortices. The cortex is the most superficial layer of these brain parts, and make up the largest portion of the brain’s grey matter. Recommended video: Lateral views of the brain Structures seen on the lateral views of the brain."
},
{
"docid": "D1002212#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/science/neuroplasticity\nNeuroplasticity",
"text": "Neuroplasticity, capacity of neurons and neural networks in the brain to change their connections and behaviour in response to new information, sensory stimulation, development, damage, or dysfunction. Although neural networks also exhibit modularity and carry out specific functions, they retain the capacity to deviate from their usual functions and to reorganize themselves. In fact, for many years, it was considered dogma in the neurosciences that certain functions were hard-wired in specific, localized regions of the brain and that any incidents of brain change or recovery were mere exceptions to the rule. However, since the 1970s and ’80s, neuroplasticity has gained wide acceptance throughout the scientific community as a complex, multifaceted, fundamental property of the brain. ( For more information about the anatomy and functions of the brain and nervous system, see the article human nervous system . ) Neurons (red), which are supported by glial cells such as astrocytes (green), retain the ability to deviate from their usual functions and to reorganize themselves in response to new information. Institute for Stem Cell Research/Getty Images Rapid change or reorganization of the brain’s cellular or neural networks can take place in many different forms and under many different circumstances. Developmental plasticity occurs when neurons in the young brain rapidly sprout branches and form synapses. Then, as the brain begins to process sensory information, some of these synapses strengthen and others weaken. Eventually, some unused synapses are eliminated completely, a process known as synaptic pruning, which leaves behind efficient networks of neural connections."
},
{
"docid": "D3263064#0",
"title": "http://droualb.faculty.mjc.edu/Lecture%20Notes/Unit%205/chapter_15_the_brain%20Spring%2007.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Chapter 15 - The Brain Development of the Brain The central nervous system (CNS) begins as a hollow neural tube with a fluid-filled internal cavity. In the fourth week of development the cephalic (head) portion of the tube expands to form three primary brain vesicles:1. Prosencephalon – forebrain2. Mesencephalon – midbrain3. Rhombencephalon – hindbrain As development proceeds, the prosencephalon divides into two new expanded portions called secondary brain vesicles:a. Telencephalon – This portion develops into the cerebral hemispheres.b. Diencephalon – This portion retains the name diencephalons and subdivides into the epithalamus, thalamus and hypothalamus. The eyes will also develop from optic vesicles that extend laterally from the diencephalons. The mesencephalon does not divide and is also called the midbrain. The rhombencephalon undergoes subdivision into the:a."
},
{
"docid": "D2555914#0",
"title": "http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072907932/student_view0/chapter_15/feedback_multiple_choice_quiz.html\nFeedback Multiple Choice Quiz",
"text": "Human Anatomy, 6/e Kent Van De Graaff, Weber State University Sensory Organs Feedback Multiple Choice Quiz Please answer all questions. The numbers at the end of each question refer to the textbook page where the question topic is discussed.1 The interpretation of a nerve impulse from the sensory organs to the brain is (488)A) sensation B) response C) perception D) recognition2 The correct sequence of nuclei locations that a sensory impulse from the foot would pass through as it traveled to the cerebral cortex would be the (488)A) spinal cord, medulla oblongata, cerebellum, and thalamus B) spinal cord, medulla oblongata, pons, and thalamus C) medulla oblongata, cerebellum, pons, and thalamus D) spinal cord, medulla oblongata, thalamus, and pons3 Hair cells in the spiral organ (organ of Corti) within the inner ear are (489)A) tactile receptors B) enteroreceptors C) visceroceptors D) proprioreceptors E) exteroreceptors4 Which of the following statements is false regarding pain receptors? ( 491)A) They are stimulated by chemicals released from damaged tissues. B) They exist throughout the body. C) They are classified as exteroceptors when located within the skin. D) In technical usage, they are called nociceptors. E) They only respond to pressure stimuli.5 Which of the following sensations does not involve visceroceptors? ( 490)A) taste B) thirst C) nausea D) hunger E) fullness6 Body position, equilibrium, and movement are monitored by (490)A) enteroceptors B) proprioceptors C) baroreceptors D) exteroceptors7 Receptors that produce a relatively constant rate of firing as long as the stimulus is maintained are known as (490)A) tonic receptors B) somatic receptors C) sensory receptors D) phasic receptors8 The cutaneous receptors sensitized for fine, or light, touch are the (490)A) corpuscles of touch (Meissner's corpuscles)B) free nerve endings C) root hair plexuses D) lamellated corpuscles E) bulbs of Krause9 The receptors that are closest to the surface of the skin are the (491)A) corpuscles of touch B) free nerve endings C) hair root plexuses D) lamellated corpuscles E) bulbs of Krause10 The organs of Ruffini and the bulbs of Krause are both (473)A) tactile receptors B) mechanoreceptors C) chemoreceptors D) nociceptors E) thermoreceptors11 The sensation of visceral pain perceived as arising from a somatic location other than the site of the problem is known as (491)A) related pain B) phantom pain C) referred pain D) parietal pain12 Proprioceptors that are located in skeletal muscles, particularly those of the extremities, are called (493)A) joint kinesthetic receptors B) neurotendinous receptors C) fascial receptors D) neuromuscular spindles E) none of the above13 Which of the following statements concerning olfaction is false? ( 495)A) Accommodation occurs rapidly with olfaction. B) Olfactory reception in humans is poorly developed as compared to that of other vertebrates."
},
{
"docid": "D1883626#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_cortex\nSensory cortex",
"text": "The sensory cortex can refer informally to the primary somatosensory cortex, or it can be used as a term for the primary and secondary cortices of the different senses (two cortices each, on left and right hemisphere ): the visual cortex on the occipital lobes, the auditory cortex on the temporal lobes, the primary olfactory cortex on the uncus of the piriform region of the temporal lobes, the gustatory cortex on the insular lobe (also referred to as the insular cortex), and the primary somatosensory cortex on the anterior parietal lobes. Just posterior to the primary somatosensory cortex lies the somatosensory association cortex, which integrates sensory information from the primary somatosensory cortex (temperature, pressure, etc.) to construct an understanding of the object being felt. Inferior to the frontal lobes are found the olfactory bulbs, which receive sensory input from the olfactory nerves and route those signals throughout the brain. Not all olfactory information is routed to the olfactory cortex. Some neural fibers are routed directly to limbic structures, while others are routed to the supraorbital region of the frontal lobe. Such a direct limbic connection makes the olfactory sense unique. [ 1]The brain cortical regions are related to the auditory, visual, olfactory, and somatosensory (touch, proprioception) sensations, which are located lateral to the lateral fissure and posterior to the central sulcus, that is, more toward the back of the brain. The cortical region related to gustatory sensation is located anterior to the central sulcus. [ 1]Note that the central sulcus (sometimes referred to as the central fissure) divides the primary motor cortex (on the precentral gyrus of the posterior frontal lobe) from the primary somatosensory cortex (on the postcentral gyrus of the anterior parietal lobe)."
},
{
"docid": "D1618433#0",
"title": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0899900798001920\nReview ArticlesTaste aversion learning: a contemporary perspective â",
"text": "Nutrition Volume 15, Issue 3, March 1999, Pages 229-234Review Articles Taste aversion learning: a contemporary perspective ☆Ilene L Bernstein PHD a Show morehttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-9007 (98)00192-0 Get rights and content Abstract Food aversion learning has attracted widespread interest because it is a highly adaptive, powerful type of learning with both practical and theoretical ramifications. It has features that make it unusual and robust when compared with other learning paradigms. It has relevance to human problems in that it is likely to contribute to food choice and appetite problems in certain clinical situations. And the robustness of this learning makes it a promising model for neurobiologists interested in understanding neural mechanisms of plasticity. This review provides a broad overview of these aspects of taste aversion learning and points to areas where questions remain and additional research is needed. Previous article Next article Keywordsfood aversion learning food choice appetite problems neural mechanisms of plasticity Introduction The propensity to acquire strong learned taste aversions as a result of unpleasant experiences with foods represents a potent defense mechanism against poisoning. 1–3 An enormous range of animal species, from the garden slug, limax, to primates including humans, demonstrate this learning. 4–6 That this learning has been conserved across the phylogenetic spectrum attests to its survival importance. Thus, learned food aversions combine with innate food aversions (unlearned responses to tastes such as sour and bitter that warn of toxins or spoilage) to guard the internal milieu from potentially damaging ingesta. The ability to learn to avoid foods based on unpleasant experiences with them allows for personal history, as well as evolutionary history, to influence food choice."
},
{
"docid": "D374337#0",
"title": "https://cnsresource.weebly.com/cerebral-hemispheres.html\nThe brain's cerebral hemispheres",
"text": "\"The brain's cerebral hemispheres The cerebral hemispheres form the uppermost portion of the brain and between the two of them, they account for approximately 83% of the total mass of the brain. They are the most obvious portions of an intact brain. The paired cerebral hemispheres are like a dome that covers and obscures that diencephalon and the top portion of the brain stem. Almost the entire surface of the cerebral hemispheres are marked by gyri, which are elevated ridges of tissue, separated by shallow and narrow grooves called sulci. Fissures are deeper grooves that separate large regions of the brain. The more prominent gyri and sulci are very similar in every person and are very important as anatomical landmarks. There is a median longitudinal fissure that separates the two cerebral hemispheres and the transverse cerebral fissure that separates the two cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum, located beneath it. Multiple sulci divide each of the cerebral hemispheres into five different lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and the insula. Each are named for the bones that cover them except for the insula. The central sulcus, located within the frontal brain, separates the from the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe."
},
{
"docid": "D2532459#0",
"title": "http://library.med.utah.edu/kw/hyperbrain/syllabus/syllabus14.html\n14. Olfaction and the Limbic System",
"text": "\"14. Olfaction and the Limbic System Revised August 8, 2007The objectives of this chapter are to: Describe the structure of the olfactory system. Describe the organization of the limbic system and the input and output connections of the hippocampus, amygdala and septal nuclei. I. Olfaction Olfaction is not currently considered to be part of the limbic system but is discussed here for convenience. Olfactory receptors and cranial nerve I: The olfactory receptors are neurons within the olfactory epithelium ( #15100) located in the upper nasal cavity. Axons leave the olfactory receptors and synapse in the olfactory bulb. These axons are called the olfactory fila ( #11847 ), which collectively make up cranial nerve I ( olfactory nerve ). They enter the anterior cranial fossa through the cribriform plate ( #4477) of the ethmoid bone ( #5186 ). The fila that make up the olfactory nerve are torn from their insertions into the olfactory bulb when the brain is removed from the skull. Olfactory bulb and tract: Neurons in the olfactory bulb ( #4965) called mitral cells are secondary sensory neurons of the olfactory system."
},
{
"docid": "D112026#0",
"title": "https://www.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=Extinction%20(neurology)&item_type=topic\nExtinction (neurology)",
"text": "\"Extinction is a neurological disorder that impairs the ability to perceive multiple stimuli of the same type simultaneously. Extinction is usually caused by damage resulting in lesions on one side of the brain. Those who are affected by extinction have a lack of awareness in the contralesional side of space (towards the left side space following a right lesion) and a loss of exploratory search and other actions normally directed toward that side. Effect of the laterality of the sensory inputs\"\" Right hemisphere of the brain \"\"Unilateral lesions of various brain structures can cause a failure to sense contralesional stimuli in the absence of obvious sensory losses. This failure is defined as unilateral extinction if it occurs solely in the case of simultaneous bilateral sensory stimulations. Unilateral extinction can occur with bilateral visual, auditory and tactile stimuli, as well as with bilateral cross-modal stimulations of these sensory systems, and is more frequent following right hemisphere brain damage (RHD) than left hemisphere brain damage (LHD). Unilateral sensory extinction is thought by most to be explained by competition models of selective attention where each stimulus competes to gain access to limited pools of attentional resources. Because of a special role of the right hemisphere in attention, lesions of that hemisphere would disadvantage sensory inputs from the contralateral left hemispace relative from those from the right space. The idea that inputs from the contralesional side of space may undergo a faulty processing regardless of whether they are primarily directed to the damaged or intact hemisphere has been provided on the most part by studies on olfactory neglect and extinction. [ 1] The laterality of the sensory inputs makes a difference insofar as left-sided inputs directed to the intact left hemisphere are not affected by extinction, or affected to a much smaller degree than left-sided inputs directed to the damaged right hemisphere."
},
{
"docid": "D2236511#0",
"title": "https://prezi.com/tjkwovec8x3o/center-for-hjerneskade/\nCenter for Hjerneskade",
"text": "\"Public & reusable Create your own Make a copy Share Embed Like Center for Hjerneskade No descriptionby Carsten Bonderupon 27 November 2012Tweet Comments ( 0)Please log in to add your comment. Report abuse Transcript of Center for Hjerneskade Master Watermark Image: http://williamcalvin.com/Brain For All Seasons/img/bonobo LH-human LH-via TWD.gif The Human Brain Suggested Assessments: Class/individual questioning throughout (especially at the conclusion of) the presentation. Homework worksheets - discussed or collected in class. Students will take a test on the nervous system in which they will be responsible for the structures, lobes, regions, functions, etc. Suggested Supplementary Materials: Skeleton Outline for note-taking. Multiple Diagrams of the Human Brain. * Students will label features/lobes * Students will color-code cortical regions 3. Worksheets (matching, short answer, etc. ), centered around the functions of the lobes and regions of the cerebrum. 4."
},
{
"docid": "D1627271#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_sensory_areas\nPrimary sensory areas",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search The primary sensory areas are the primary cortical regions of the five sensory systems in the brain ( taste, olfaction, touch, hearing and vision ). Except for the olfactory system, they receive sensory information from thalamic nerve projections. The term primary comes from the fact that these cortical areas are the first level in a hierarchy of sensory information processing in the brain. This should not be confused with the function of the primary motor cortex, which is the last site in the cortex for processing motor commands. [ 1]Though some areas of the human brain that receive primary sensory information remain poorly defined, each of the five sensory modalities has been recognized to relate to specific groups of brain cells that begin to categorize and integrate sensory information. Somatosensory system: The primary somatosensory cortex (SI) is across the central sulcus and behind the primary motor cortex configured to generally correspond with the arrangement of nearby motor cells related to specific body parts. The area includes gray matter along the central gyrus and its extension into the postcentral gyrus. Taste: The primary gustatory area consists of the anterior part of the insula and the frontal operculum. [ 2] [3] [4]Olfaction: The olfactory cortex is located in the uncus which is found along the ventral surface of the temporal lobe. Olfaction is the only sensory system that is not routed through the thalamus."
},
{
"docid": "D186546#0",
"title": "http://www.easynotecards.com/notecard_set/20382\n.",
"text": "\"1After Joe has a stroke, his doctor asks Joe to touch his right pointer finger to his chin—but Joe is unable to move his right hand. However, when the doctor stimulates Joe's pointer finger with a painful stimulus, Joe's muscles quickly move his hand away from the stimulus. The doctor concludes that ______. the stroke caused damage to Joe's frontal eye field which interfered with his effort to touch his chin the stroke caused damage to Joe's right primary motor cortex the stroke caused damage to Joe's left premotor cortex based on the doctor's observations, none of the listed answers are correct conclusionsbased on the doctor's observations, none of the listed answers are correct conclusions2A patient reports that she has become completely deaf—she can't hear anything. Thorough tests on her ears indicate that her ears have not been damaged. Additional tests reveal that her deafness has been caused by damage to her ______. primary somatosensory cortex auditory association area somatosensory association cortex None of the listed responses is correct. None of the listed responses is correct.3At age 79, Mrs. X is diagnosed with a disorder that severely impairs her logical judgment. Medical imaging techniques show that this has been most likely caused by brain damage in a ______. parietal lobe frontal lobe temporal lobe premotor cortexfrontal lobe4Which of the following hypothalamic control centers would you predict is the LEAST important for survival?"
},
{
"docid": "D10668#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrum_of_brain\nCerebrum",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Cerebrum of brain)navigation search This article is about the larger superior region of the brain. For the smaller inferior region of the brain, see Cerebellum. Cerebrum Frontal lobe Temporal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe The lobes of the cerebral cortex include the frontal (blue), temporal (green), occipital (red), and parietal (yellow) lobes . The cerebellum (unlabeled) is not part of the telencephalon. Diagram depicting the main subdivisions of the embryonic vertebrate brain. Details Pronunciation / ˈ s ɛ r ɪ b r ə m /, / s ɪ ˈ r iː b r ə m /Artery anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, posterior cerebral Vein cerebral veins Identifiers Latin Cerebrum Me SH D054022, D013687Neuro Lex ID birnlex_1042TA A14.1.03.008A14.1.09.001TH H3.11.03.6.00001TE E5.14.1.0.2.0.12FMA 62000Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [ edit on Wikidata]The cerebrum is a large part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex (of the two cerebral hemispheres ), as well as several subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulb. In the human brain, the cerebrum is the uppermost region of the central nervous system. The prosencephalon is the embryonic structure from which the cerebrum develops prenatally. In mammals, the dorsal telencephalon, or pallium, develops into the cerebral cortex, and the ventral telencephalon, or subpallium, becomes the basal ganglia. The cerebrum is also divided into approximately symmetric left and right cerebral hemispheres."
},
{
"docid": "D21240#0",
"title": "http://www.aafp.org/afp/2000/0115/p427.html\nSmell and Taste Disorders: A Primary Care Approach",
"text": "Smell and Taste Disorders: A Primary Care Approach PRINT COMMENTSSHARESTEVEN M. BROMLEY, M. D., University of Pennsylvania Smell and Taste Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, New York Am Fam Physician. 2000 Jan 15;61 (2):427-436. See related patient information handout on problems with smell or taste, written by the author of this article. Smell and taste disorders are common in the general population, with loss of smell occurring more frequently. Although these disorders can have a substantial impact on quality of life and may represent significant underlying disease, they are often overlooked by the medical community. Patients may have difficulty recognizing smell versus taste dysfunction and frequently confuse the concepts of “flavor” and “taste.” While the most common causes of smell disturbance are nasal and sinus disease, upper respiratory infection and head trauma, frequent causes of taste disturbance include oral infections, oral appliances (e.g., dentures), dental procedures and Bell's palsy. Medications can interfere with smell and taste, and should be reviewed in all patients with reported dysfunction. In addition, advancing age has been associated with a natural impairment of smell and taste ability. A focused history and a physical examination of the nose and mouth are usually sufficient to screen for underlying pathology."
},
{
"docid": "D1580552#0",
"title": "http://www.buzzle.com/articles/nervous-system-function.html\nAmazing Functions of the Nervous System You Should Be Aware Of",
"text": "Amazing Functions of the Nervous System You Should Be Aware Of The nervous system is one of the most complex bodily systems and which controls the working of almost all parts of the body. Functions of nervous system are described below. The role of nervous system in our body is often compared to that of a centralized computer which controls the functioning of an entire system. This analogy explains the working of the nervous system in one of the best ways possible. The nervous system plays an important role in the smooth functioning of the different parts of our body. It is basically a complex network of cells with specialized functions. These cells communicate with each other by means of electrochemical waves. The neurons and glial cells are the important components of the nervous system. Given the complicated structure of the nervous system, all its functions have not been understood in their totality. Index• Central Nervous System• Peripheral Nervous System• Functions of Receptors Quick Fact!The synapse is a point at which two neurons connect with each other."
},
{
"docid": "D2410325#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/science/prefrontal-cortex-3a271896b743339b\nWhat Does the Prefrontal Cortex Do?",
"text": "\"Science Human Anatomy Organs Q: What Does the Prefrontal Cortex Do? A: Quick Answer The University of Washington explains that the prefrontal cortex is responsible for activities that include problem solving, processing complex thoughts and causing emotions. The prefrontal cortex is located at the front of the brain, in the outer layer of structure called the cerebral cortex. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Part of the Brain Controls Dreams? What Is the Anatomy of the Human Brain? Which Portion of the Brain Is Responsible for Higher Thought Processes, Such As Logical Thinking? Credit: alex yosifov CC-BY-SA 2.0Full Answer According to an article in the journal Brain, scientists still have many questions about the function of the prefrontal cortex. In contrast to people who have sustained damage to the rear lobes of the brain and lose obvious and predictable functions, those with damage to the prefrontal cortex often exhibit puzzling changes. In many patients with lesions in the prefrontal cortex, intellectual ability is not affected. However, such patients often experience serious behavioral changes, and planning and reasoning are often greatly impaired."
}
] |
8232 | which molecule can be used directly to regenerate atp? | [
{
"docid": "D211709#0",
"title": "http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~edudev/LabTutorials/Cytochromes/cytochromes.html\nEnergy for the Body: Oxidative Phosphorylation",
"text": "\"Energy for the Body: Oxidative Phosphorylation Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Experiment Authors: Rachel Casiday, Carolyn Herman, and Regina Frey Department of Chemistry, Washington University St. Louis, MO 63130Key Concepts: ATP as Free-Energy Currency in the Body Coupled Reactions Standard Free-Energy Change for Coupled Reactions ATP Dephosphorylation Coupled to Nonspontaneous Reactions Coupled Reactions to Generate ATPStructure and Function of the Mitochondria Oxidation-Reduction Reactions in the Electron-Transport Chain Electron-Carrier Proteins (NOTE: This section includes a separate link and an animation. ) Relationship Between Reduction Potentials and Free Energy Proton Gradient as Means of Coupling Oxidative and Phosphorylation Components of Oxidative Phosphorylation ATP Synthetase Uses Energy From Proton Gradient to Generate ATPSatisfying The Body's Need for Energy Every day, we build bones, move muscles, eat food, think, and perform many other activities with our bodies. All of these activities are based upon chemical reactions. However, most of these reactions are not spontaneous ( i.e., they are accompanied by a positive change in free energy, D G>0) and do not occur without some other source of free energy. Hence, the body needs some sort of \"\"free-energy currency,\"\" (Figure 1) a molecule that can store and release free energy when it is needed to power a given biochemical reaction. Figure 1Just as purchasing transactions do not occur without monetary currency, reactions in the body do not occur without energy currency. This tutorial will answer four questions:1. How does the body \"\"spend\"\" free-energy currency to make a nonspontaneous reaction spontaneous? The answer, which is based on thermodynamics, is to use coupled reactions.2. How is food used to produce the reducing agents (NADH and FADH 2) that can regenerate the free-energy currency?"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1050925#0",
"title": "http://www.fastbleep.com/biology-notes/40/116/1183\nEnzymes: Coenzymes",
"text": "Enzymes: Coenzymes What are coenzymes Enzymes are protein catalysts that are responsible for lowering the energy barrier of many biological reactions. They function by reducing the activation energy of the reactions that they catalyse which allows the metabolic reaction to occur faster and at physiological temperatures. Enzymes are specific for one substrate due to the unique arrangement of their active sites. However many enzymes cannot function on their own, and instead require non-protein cofactors. Enzymes that require such cofactors are called apoenzymes. When the cofactor and the apoenzyme are combined a holoenzyme is produced, this holoenzyme is able to catalyse reactions. Cofactors function by providing functional groups needed for the reaction or by slightly altering the structural conformation of the enzyme to which they are bound. This alteration allows substrates to bind more easily, making a reaction more probable. Cofactors can be prosthetic groups which are tightly bound to the enzyme, or the cofactors can be coenzymes which can be loosely bound. Coenzymes are usually released from the active site of the enzyme following a reaction."
},
{
"docid": "D2245297#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/12963144/chapter-4-bio-flash-cards/\nChapter 4 Bio",
"text": "\"90 terms dayana7Chapter 4 Bio Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Biofuels and Fossil Fuels - Chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms -Energy is stored in the bonds - Animal fats and oils - The activities of living organisms are fueled by breaking chemical bonds and harnessing the released energy. - Like gasoline, fats and oils contain chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms bound together, and just as with gasoline, breaking these bonds releases large amounts of energy (and water and CO2). Energy Conversions - All life depends on capturing energy from the sun and converting it into a form that living organisms can use. - Two key processes (mirror eachother) - Photosynthesis (Sun -> Plants) - Cellular respiration (Plants/Animals -> energy)Photosynthesis - the process by which plants capture energy from the sun and store it in the chemical bonds of sugars and other food molecules they make - Plants capture energy from the sun and store it in the chemical bonds of sugars and other food molecules - uses energy from sunlight to make food Cellular Respiration - the process by which all living organisms release the energy stored in the chemical bonds of food molecules and use it to fuel their lives. - plants, animals and fungi release the energy stored in the chemical bonds of food molecules and use it as fuel What does life depend on? capturing energy from the sun and converting it into a form that living organisms can use Importance of the sun - Sun = ultimate source of E for all organisms - The energy from sunlight is stored in the chemical bonds of molecules. - When these bonds are broken, energy is released - Same for all fuel sources (food, fossil fuel, biofuel)What is energy? > - The capacity to do work - Work - Moving matter against an opposing force - Humans, plants, and all other living organisms need energy for their activities, from thinking to moving to reproducing Energy has two forms - Kinetic =Energy of motion - Light / heat - Potential = Stored energy - Chemical Chemical energy - Food has potential energy stored in its chemical bonds CHEMICAL ENERGY - Respiration is breaking those bonds and releasing that energy *Plants store energy as sugar *Animals store energy as fat (more efficient because it doesn't bind to H20)What type of energy is food?"
},
{
"docid": "D301286#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_energy\nCellular respiration",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Cell energy)navigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( September 2014) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Typical eukaryotic cell Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. [ 1] The reactions involved in respiration are catabolic reactions, which break large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy in the process, as weak so-called \"\"high-energy\"\" bonds are replaced by stronger bonds in the products. Respiration is one of the key ways a cell releases chemical energy to fuel cellular activity. Cellular respiration is considered an exothermic redox reaction which releases heat. The overall reaction occurs in a series of biochemical steps, most of which are redox reactions themselves. Although cellular respiration is technically a combustion reaction, it clearly does not resemble one when it occurs in a living cell because of the slow release of energy from the series of reactions. Nutrients that are commonly used by animal and plant cells in respiration include sugar, amino acids and fatty acids, and the most common oxidizing agent ( electron acceptor) is molecular oxygen (O 2 )."
},
{
"docid": "D2377011#0",
"title": "https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-microbiology/chapter/biosynthesis/\nBiosynthesis",
"text": "Substrates for Biosynthesis Major metabolic pathways require substrates to be acted upon for the formation of larger, more complex products. Learning Objectives Describe the importance of substrates for biosynthesis Key Takeaways Key Points Biogenesis or anabolism, requires substrates to be acted upon that result in the formation of larger more complex molecules. A central metabolic pathway that produces precursors and substrates used in biosynthetic processes is the TCA cycle. A central metabolic pathway that produces precursors and substrates used in biosynthetic processes is glycolysis. Key Termsreducing agent: A substance that functions in reducing or donating electrons to another substance until that specific substance becomes oxidized.oxidation: A reaction in which the atoms of an element lose electrons and the valence of the element increases. Microorganisms have numerous pathways and processes in place to ensure both energy and nutrient production. These pathways are necessary for survival and cellular function. The major metabolic pathways require substrates to be acted upon for the formation of larger, more complex products. Biosynthetic processes are defined by the production of more complex products that are required for growth and maintenance of life. These processes require pathways that are often multi-step."
},
{
"docid": "D3365027#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/25984441/bio1005-ch-6-flash-cards/\nBIO1005 CH 6",
"text": "\"99 terms felici5BIO1005 CH 6Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort No cell can survive without ATP —adenosine triphosphate ATP is essential because it powers nearly every activity that requires energy input in the cell: synthesis of DNA, RNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids; active transport across the membranes surrounding cells and organelles; separation of duplicated chromosomes during cell division; movement of cilia and flagella; muscle contraction; and many othersall organisms use the ------stored in food to make ATP potential energy Where does the food come from in the first place? In most ecosystems, plants and other autotrophs use photosynthesis to make organic molecules such as glucose (C6H12O6) out of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). Light supplies the energy. The glucose produced in photosynthesis feeds not only autotrophs but also all of the animals, fungi, and microbes that share the ecosystemthree categories of generating ATP aerobic cellular respiration anaerobic respiration fermentationaerobic cellular respiration a cell uses oxygen gas (O2) and glucose to generate ATP. -Plants, animals, and many microbes, especially those in O2-rich environments, use aerobic respiration.anaerobic respiration generate ATP from glucose without using O2 -most common in microorganisms.fermentation generate ATP from glucose without using O2 -most common in microorganisms.equation for aerobic respiration glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATPequation for aerobic respiration is essentially the reverse of photosynthesis C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP reveals that aerobic cellular respiration requires organisms to acquire O2 and get rid of CO2The circulatory system carries the inhaled O2 to cells, where gas exchange occurs.cell's mitochondria the sites of respiration Energy-rich ATP is generated from potential energy in food CO2 a metabolic waste, is exhaledplants use O2 to respire half of the glucose they produce. Why do plants have a reputation for producing O2, if they also consume it? plants incorporate much of the remaining glucose into cellulose, starch, and other stored organic molecules. Therefore, they absorb much more CO2 in photosynthesis than they release in respiration, and they release more O2 than they consume.plants absorb much more CO2 in photosynthesis than they release in respiration, and hey release more O2 than they consume. How can plants release more O2 in photosynthesis than they consume in respiration? ... What are the three general ways to generate ATP from food, and which organisms use each pathway?"
},
{
"docid": "D1084013#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/28930707/the-muscular-system-flash-cards/\nThe Muscular System",
"text": "\"158 terms rikka94The Muscular System Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Myoblast In skeletal muscle, each muscle cell is a fused set of dozens or hundreds of cellsmuscle fibers -results of myoblasts -very large compared to other cells -they are multinucleate, that is, each muscle fiber contains one hundred or more nuclei (one from each myoblast).myofibrils -Each muscle fiber has a set of 4-20 rod-like filaments. -about 1or 2 micrometers in width and the it may range from 4-12 inches in length -Contained in the sarcolemma are threadlike; lie parallel to one another. -play a fundamental role in muscle contraction. -contain two kinds of protein filaments; thick and thin -contractile proteins, regulartory proteins and structural proteins -attached to the sarcomere at each Z line and at either end of the muscle fiber.sarcomeres -Each myofibril exists in smaller units -The repetition of _______ within the cytoplasm within the muscle fiber gives the muscle its characteristic striated (\"\"banded\"\") pattern. Why does a muscle have a striated \"\"banded\"\"pattern? The repetition of sarcomeres within the cytoplasm within the muscle fiber gives the muscle its characteristic striated (\"\"banded\"\") pattern. -Repeating A and I bands account for the band pattern in the myofibrils of striated muscle. Skeletal muscle are composed of Skeletal muscle tissue, nervous tissue, blood and connective tissuefascia (singular), fasciae (plural) -Layers of fibrous connective tissue -covers/separates a skeletal muscle from adjacent muscles -helps to hold muscles in place.epimysium Muscle itself is covered in a layer of connective tissue Perimysium -connective tissue extending from epimysium -separates muscle tissue into small sections.fasicle or fasciculus -Sections contain bundles of muscle fibers - each bundle is referred to as a muscle _____endomysium Each fiber in the fascicle is covered with connective tissue Why is there a connective tissue throughout skeletal muscle?"
},
{
"docid": "D1236825#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/2502314/photosynthesis-flash-cards/\nPhotosynthesis",
"text": "\"117 terms eva3824Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Photosynthesis a process that uses light energy and simple molecules to make carbohydrates Autotroph organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer Van Niel (Last name) Hypothesized that oxygen was released from water, not carbon dioxide Ruben and Kamen Used an isotope of oxygen to prove Van Niel correct; that oxygen came from the breakdown of water, not CO2___ is split during photosynthesis, providing the electrons needed to produce carbohydrates. It provides the source of electrons in the formation of carbohydrate from CO2 during photosynthesis. Water The main source of carbon in photosynthesis is from ____. CO2What happens when water containing an oxygen isotope is supplied to a plant? the oxygen isotope is released into the air R. Hill 1st person to isolate and experiment with chloroplasts; light reaction -> split water and light independent reaction -> generate glucose What coenzyme is the electron acceptor in photosynthesis? NADP (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate)Light-___ reactions take in water and produce oxygen to make ATP and NADPH. Water is split is this reaction. dependent Light-___ reaction involves the uptake of CO2 to make carbohydrates. Carbon fixation happens in this reactions. independentcarbon fixation the process by which plants turn inorganic carbon (carbon dioxide) into organic compounds such as carbohydrates In photosynthesis, energy from light is used to ____."
},
{
"docid": "D2109686#0",
"title": "http://toxlearn.nlm.nih.gov/htmlversion/module2.html\n.",
"text": "\"Home Overview Tox Learn is an online learning tool providing an introduction to toxicology fundamentals. The goal of this tutorial is multi-fold: to inform the general public, to serve as an ancillary curriculum to a first level undergraduate toxicology course, and to equip users of National Library of Medicine toxicology databases with a working knowledge of the science's basic principles to better interpret their search results. No prerequisites beyond a basic understanding of biology and chemistry are required. Select Tox Learn terms are linked to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry's Glossary of Terms used in Toxicology, 2 nd Edition, 2007. Tox Learn is an update and expansion of some of the content in the earlier NLM Toxicology Tutor series. NLM Toxicology Tutor was intended to provide a basic understanding of toxicology as an aid for users of toxicology literature contained in the NLM toxicological and chemical databases. Module I: Introduction to Toxicology and Dose-Response Description This introductory module defines toxicology, briefly summarizes its history, and outlines its relevance to our daily lives, in food, drugs, and consumer products, and its impact in emerging fields such as toxicogenetics and nanotechnology. The concept of \"\"dose\"\" and its nuances are explained. Toxicology's most basic principle, \"\"The dose makes the poison,\"\" is elucidated and its limitations considered. Finally, through narrative, graphs, and examples this module discusses the relationships between dose and both effect and response."
},
{
"docid": "D787452#0",
"title": "http://www.citruscollege.edu/lc/archive/biology/Pages/Chapter06-Rabitoy.aspx\nChapter 6: Photosynthesis",
"text": "\"Online Tutoring Archive Biology Chapter 6: Photosynthesis Chapter 6: Photosynthesis Learning Objectives1. To become familiar with the overall process of photosynthesis.2. To become familiar with the structure and function of chloroplasts and the physical properties associated with light.3. To provide an explanation for the light-dependent photosynthetic reaction.4. To become familiar with the mechanisms of carbohydrate synthesis in the light-independent photosynthetic reactions.5. To briefly review photosynthetic efficiency and adaptations. Key Concepts1. Light ultimately provides the energy that powers nearly all life. Photosynthesis enables plants, algae, and certain microorganisms to harness light energy and convert it to chemical energy.2. Light is a form of energy."
},
{
"docid": "D550409#0",
"title": "https://wikispaces.psu.edu/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=97552146\nEnergy V - Photosynthesis (Calvin Cycle)",
"text": "\"Energy V - Photosynthesis (Calvin Cycle)Created and last modified by DENISE WOODWARD on Oct 31, 2012No labels Introduction and Goals The last tutorial explored the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. These reactions begin with the absorption of light energy by pigments, and end with the production of stored chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP. Now we will follow the NADPH and ATP molecules as they enter the Calvin cycle. Their stored energy will be used to make sugar from carbon dioxide. These anabolic reactions are endergonic (+ΔG), and therefore require energy (from ATP and NADPH). The basic relationship between the Calvin cycle and the light-dependent reactions is summarized in Figure 1. Figure 1. The relationship between the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. ( Click image to enlarge)These reactions are sometimes called the \"\"dark reactions\"\" because they can occur in the dark (as long as ATP and NADPH are available). All of the processes of photosynthesis (both light-dependent and light-independent reactions) occur within the chloroplast."
},
{
"docid": "D419998#0",
"title": "https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/energy-and-enzymes/atp-reaction-coupling/a/atp-and-reaction-coupling\nIntroduction",
"text": "\"Introduction A cell can be thought of as a small, bustling town. Carrier proteins move substances into and out of the cell, motor proteins carry cargoes along microtubule tracks, and metabolic enzymes busily break down and build up macromolecules. Even if they would not be energetically favorable (energy-releasing, or exergonic) in isolation, these processes will continue merrily along if there is energy available to power them (much as business will continue to be done in a town as long as there is money flowing in). However, if the energy runs out, the reactions will grind to a halt, and the cell will begin to die. Energetically unfavorable reactions are “paid for” by linked, energetically favorable reactions that release energy. Often, the \"\"payment\"\" reaction involves one particular small molecule: adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. ATP structure and hydrolysis Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is a small, relatively simple molecule. It can be thought of as the main energy currency of cells, much as money is the main economic currency of human societies. The energy released by hydrolysis (breakdown) of ATP is used to power many energy-requiring cellular reactions. Image credit: Open Stax Biology."
},
{
"docid": "D1364973#0",
"title": "http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/nutrient-utilization-in-humans-metabolism-pathways-14234029\nNutrient Utilization in Humans: Metabolism Pathways",
"text": "\"Where does the energy that makes life possible come from? Humans obtain energy from three classes of fuel molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. The potential chemical energy of these molecules is transformed into other forms, such as thermal, kinetic, and other chemical forms. Nutrients of Human Metabolism Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are the major constituents of foods and serve as fuel molecules for the human body. The digestion (breaking down into smaller pieces) of these nutrients in the alimentary tract and the subsequent absorption (entry into the bloodstream) of the digestive end products make it possible for tissues and cells to transform the potential chemical energy of food into useful work. The major absorbed end products of food digestion are monosaccharides, mainly glucose (from carbohydrates); monoacylglycerol and long-chain fatty acids (from lipids); and small peptides and amino acids (from protein ). Once in the bloodstream, different cells can metabolize these nutrients. We have long known that these three classes of molecules are fuel sources for human metabolism, yet it is a common misconception (especially among undergraduates) that human cells use only glucose as a source of energy. This misinformation may arise from the way most textbooks explain energy metabolism, emphasizing glycolysis (the metabolic pathway for glucose degradation) and omitting fatty acid or amino acid oxidation. Here we discuss how the three nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids) are metabolized in human cells in a way that may help avoid this oversimplified view of the metabolism."
},
{
"docid": "D3406597#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/111687572/chapter-10-photosynthesis-flash-cards/\nChapter 10: Photosynthesis",
"text": "\"67 terms Shivani Kareer Chapter 10: Photosynthesis Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortphotosynthesis process that converts solar energy into chemical energywhere does photosynthesis occur in? plants, algae, certain protists, and some prokaryotes Co2 is reduced H2O is oxidizedreactants of photosynthesis Co2+H20+ light energyproducts of photosynthesis C6H12O6+O2+H20heterotroph must eat food, organic molecules from their environment, to sustain lifeautotroph make organic molecules from inorganic sources (make own food)photoautotroph use light as a source of energy, ex. green plants, algae, cyanobacteriachlorophyll green color, the green pigment within chloroplaststomata Co2 enters and O2 exits the leaf through these microscopic poresmesophyll chloroplast are found in, the interior tissue of the leafthylakoids chlorophyll membranesgranum stacks of thylakoidsstroma fluid filled region between thylakoid membrane and inner membranewhy is photosynthesis a redox process? H2O is oxidized and Co2 is reducedlight reactions occur in: thylakoidslight reactions generate ATP from ADP by photophosphorylationthe calvin cycle occur in: stromathe calvin cycle forms sugar from Co2 using ATP and NADPHphotosynthetic pigments absorb some light energy and reflect others absorption boosts electrons to higher energy levelsexcited electron after electron absorbs energy and usually unstable and can be transferred to another molecule or \"\"captured\"\"absorption spectrum wavelengths that are absorbed by different pigments in the plantsaction spectrum rate of photosynthesis by whole plant at specific wavelengthschlorophyll b broaden spectrum used for photosynthesiscarotenoids absorb excessive light that would damage chlorophyllphotosystems captured light energy can be transferred to other molecule to ultimately produce energy intermediates for cellular workphotosystem ll excited electrons, water is oxidizedphotosystem l primary role to make NADPHATP synthesis chemiosmotic mechanism driven by flow of H+ from thylakoid lumen into stroma via ATP synthasez scheme zigzag shape or energy curvecyclic electron flow uses only photosystem l and produce ATP, but not NADPHC3 plants 3 carbon compound C4 make oxaloacetate CAM plants plants opens stomata at night Reduction of NADP+ occurs during photosynthesis In which organelle does photosynthesis take place? Chloroplast Which of the following are directly associated with photosystem I? receiving electrons from the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain What are grana stacks of membranous sacs The NADPH required for the Calvin cycle comes from reactions initiated in photosystem I. Which of the following equations best summarizes photosynthesis? 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2Reactions that require CO2 take place in the Calvin cycle alone. Which of the following statements best represents the relationships between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle?"
},
{
"docid": "D2618366#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/35995244/chapter-8-introduction-to-metabolism-flash-cards/\nChapter 8 Introduction to Metabolism",
"text": "\"144 terms Med School Bound2016Chapter 8 Introduction to Metabolism Campbell Biology Reece et al. ( c) 2011 BSC 2010Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones? * catabolism Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics? * Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy? * a molecule of glucose Which of the following is most similar in structure to ATP? * an RNA nucleotide Which of the following statements is true concerning catabolic pathways? * They supply energy, primarily in the form of ATP, for the cell's work."
},
{
"docid": "D1686665#0",
"title": "https://www.boundless.com/microbiology/textbooks/boundless-microbiology-textbook/microbial-metabolism-5/biosynthesis-52/regulation-of-the-calvin-cycle-339-7097/\nBiosynthesis",
"text": "Substrates for Biosynthesis Major metabolic pathways require substrates to be acted upon for the formation of larger, more complex products. Learning Objectives Describe the importance of substrates for biosynthesis Key Takeaways Key Points Biogenesis or anabolism, requires substrates to be acted upon that result in the formation of larger more complex molecules. A central metabolic pathway that produces precursors and substrates used in biosynthetic processes is the TCA cycle. A central metabolic pathway that produces precursors and substrates used in biosynthetic processes is glycolysis. Key Termsreducing agent: A substance that functions in reducing or donating electrons to another substance until that specific substance becomes oxidized.oxidation: A reaction in which the atoms of an element lose electrons and the valence of the element increases. Microorganisms have numerous pathways and processes in place to ensure both energy and nutrient production. These pathways are necessary for survival and cellular function. The major metabolic pathways require substrates to be acted upon for the formation of larger, more complex products. Biosynthetic processes are defined by the production of more complex products that are required for growth and maintenance of life. These processes require pathways that are often multi-step."
},
{
"docid": "D711080#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/99138830/campbell-chapter-10-mastering-biology-questions-flash-cards/\nCampbell Chapter 10: Mastering Biology Questions",
"text": "55 terms micki617 TEACHERCampbell Chapter 10: Mastering Biology Questions Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Which of these equations best summarizes photosynthesis? 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2Where does the Calvin cycle occur? Stroma The light reactions of photosynthesis use _____ and produce _____. water ... NADPHThe photosynthetic membranes are found in the _____ in plant cells. chloroplasts Which term describes ATP production resulting from the capture of light energy by chlorophyll? Photophosphorylation True or false? The chemiosmotic hypothesis states that the synthesis of ATP generates a proton gradient that leads to electron flow through an electron transport chain. False According to the chemiosmotic hypothesis, what provides the energy that directly drives ATP synthesis?"
},
{
"docid": "D87995#0",
"title": "https://www.boundless.com/microbiology/textbooks/boundless-microbiology-textbook/microbial-metabolism-5/the-citric-acid-krebs-cycle-46/acetyl-coa-and-the-citric-acid-cycle-301-7647/\nThe Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle",
"text": "Citric Acid Cycle The citric acid cycle is a series of reactions that produces two carbon dioxide molecules, one GTP/ATP, and reduced forms of NADH and FADH2. Learning Objectives List the steps of the Krebs (or citric acid) cycle Key Takeaways Key Points The four-carbon molecule, oxaloacetate, that began the cycle is regenerated after the eight steps of the citric acid cycle. The eight steps of the citric acid cycle are a series of redox, dehydration, hydration, and decarboxylation reactions. Each turn of the cycle forms one GTP or ATP as well as three NADH molecules and one FADH2 molecule, which will be used in further steps of cellular respiration to produce ATP for the cell. Key Termscitric acid cycle: a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidization of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into carbon dioxide Krebs cycle: a series of enzymatic reactions that occurs in all aerobic organisms; it involves the oxidative metabolism of acetyl units and serves as the main source of cellular energymitochondria: in cell biology, a mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a membrane-enclosed organelle, often described as “cellular power plants” because they generate most of the ATPCitric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)Like the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl Co A, the citric acid cycle takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria. Almost all of the enzymes of the citric acid cycle are soluble, with the single exception of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase, which is embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. Unlike glycolysis, the citric acid cycle is a closed loop: the last part of the pathway regenerates the compound used in the first step. The eight steps of the cycle are a series of redox, dehydration, hydration, and decarboxylation reactions that produce two carbon dioxide molecules, one GTP/ATP, and reduced forms of NADH and FADH2. This is considered an aerobic pathway because the NADH and FADH2 produced must transfer their electrons to the next pathway in the system, which will use oxygen. If this transfer does not occur, the oxidation steps of the citric acid cycle also do not occur."
},
{
"docid": "D99046#0",
"title": "http://www.sparknotes.com/testprep/books/sat2/biology/chapter6section1.rhtml\n.",
"text": "Cell Respiration Respiration is the process by which organisms burn food to produce energy. The starting material of cellular respiration is the sugar glucose, which has energy stored in its chemical bonds. You can think of glucose as a kind of cellular piece of coal: chock-full of energy, but useless when you want to power a stereo. Just as burning coal produces heat and energy in the form of electricity, the chemical processes of respiration convert the energy in glucose into usable form. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the usable form of energy produced by respiration. ATP is like electricity: it contains the same energy as coal, but it’s easier to transport and is just what’s needed when the cell needs some power to carry out a task. ATPATP is a nucleic acid similar to RNA. It has a ribose sugar attached to the nitrogenous base adenine. However, instead of the single phosphate group typical of RNA nucleotides, ATP has three phosphate groups. Each of the ATP phosphate groups carries a negative charge."
},
{
"docid": "D1675448#0",
"title": "http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072320419/student_view0/chapter9/study_outline.html\nStudy Outline",
"text": "Microbiology, 5/e Lansing M Prescott, Augustana College Donald A Klein, Colorado State University John P Harley, Eastern Kentucky University Metabolism: Energy Release and Conservation Study Outline An Overview of Metabolism Metabolism (the total of all chemical reactions occurring in a cell) can be divided into two major parts: catabolism and anabolism Catabolism-the breakdown of larger, more complex molecules into smaller, simpler ones, during which energy is released, trapped, and made available for work Anabolism-the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones during which energy is added as input Chemolithotrophy and photosynthesis are included as energy-yielding catabolic processes, even though they do not involve degradation of complex molecules Chemotrophic microorganisms not only vary in terms of their energy source, but also in terms of their electron acceptors If an organic energy source is oxidized and degraded without the use of an exogenous electron acceptor, the process is called fermentation If the energy source is oxidized and degraded with the use of an exogenous electron acceptor, the process is called respiration; in aerobic respiration the final electron acceptor is oxygen, whereas in anaerobic respiration the final electron acceptor is a molecule other than oxygen For chemoorganoheterotrophic organisms, catabolism is often a three stage process during which nutrients are fed into common degradative pathways; these common pathways function both catabolically and anabolically and are said to be amphibolic The Breakdown of Glucose to Pyruvate The glycolytic pathway Also known as the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, it is the most common pathway and is found in all major groups of microorganisms It functions in the presence or absence of oxygen and is divided into two parts: The 6-carbon sugar stage glucose is phosphorylated twice to yield fructose 1,6-bisphosphate; this requires the expenditure of two molecules of ATPThe 3-carbon sugar stage cleaves fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two 3-carbon molecules, which are each processed to pyruvate; two molecules of ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation from each of the 3-carbon molecules for a net yield of two molecules of ATP; 2 molecules of NADH are also produced per glucose molecule The pentose phosphate pathway Also known as the hexose monophosphate pathway, this pathway uses a different set of reactions to produce a variety of 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-carbon sugar phosphates Has several catabolic and anabolic functions Production of NADPH, which serves as a source of electrons for biosynthetic processes A source of four and five carbon skeletons that can be used for the synthesis of amino acids, nucleic acids, and other macromolecules The complete catabolism of hexoses and pentoses, yielding ATP and NADH (made by converting NADPH to NADH)The Entner-Doudoroff pathway This pathway links reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway and the glycolytic pathway with unique reactions This pathway produces ATP, NADPH, and NADHFermentations Fermentation-a process in which an organism oxidizes the NADH produced by one of the pathways above by using pyruvate or one of its derivatives as an electron and hydrogen acceptor; thus the process involves the use of an endogenous electron acceptor Many different types of fermentations are known Alcoholic fermentations produce ethanol and CO2Lactic acid fermentations produce lactic acid (lactate)Homolactic fermenters reduce almost all pyruvate to lactate Heterolactic fermenters form substantial amounts of products other than lactate Formic acid fermentation produces either mixed acids or butanediol Microorganisms can ferment substances other than sugars (e.g., amino acids)The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Pyruvate can be degraded to carbon dioxide by the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle after first being converted to acetyl Co A; this reaction is accompanied by the loss of one carbon atom as carbon dioxide Acetyl-Co A reacts with oxaloacetate (a 4-carbon molecule) to produce a 6-carbon molecule, which is subsequently broken down to two molecules of carbon dioxide, regenerating the oxaloacetate; during this process, the following occurs: ATP is produced by substrate-level phosphorylation Three molecules of NADH and one molecule of FADH2 are produced Even those organisms that lack the complete TCA cycle usually have most of the cycle enzymes because one of the TCA cycleís major functions is to provide carbon skeletons for use in biosynthesis Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation The Electron Transport Chain The mitochondrial electron transport chain uses a series of electron carriers to transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to O2Electron carriers are located within the inner membrane of the mitochondrion During oxidative phosphorylation, three ATP molecules may be synthesized when a pair of electrons passes from NADH to O2; two ATP molecules may be synthesized when electrons from FADH2 pass to O2Although they operate according to the same fundamental principles, bacterial electron transport chains usually differ in structure: they may be branched, be composed of different electron carriers, or may be shorter than mitochondrial electron transport chains; bacterial electron transport chains are located in the plasma membrane Oxidative Phosphorylation The chemiosmotic hypothesis of oxidative phosphorylation postulates that the energy released during electron transport is used to establish a protonmotive force (potential energy due to the difference in proton concentration and charge on either side of the membrane), which can be used to drive ATP synthesis, flagellar rotation, and transport of molecules across the membrane ATP synthesis is catalyzed by the ATP synthase complex, which is thought to behave like a small rotary motor Inhibitors of ATP synthesis fall into two main categories: Blockers that inhibit the flow of electrons through the system Uncouplers that allow electron flow, but disconnect it from oxidative phosphorylation The Yield of ATP in Glycolysis and Aerobic Respiration The yield of ATP by glycolysis during fermentation is 2 ATPAerobic respiration yields between 2 and 38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule, depending on the precise nature of the electron transport system The Pasteur effect is a regulatory phenomenon by which organisms lower their rate of sugar catabolism when conditions cause a shift from fermentation to aerobic respiration; this occurs because aerobic respiration is more efficient and generates greater energy per glucose molecule Anaerobic Respiration Uses molecules other than oxygen as terminal electron acceptors; the most commonly used alternative electron acceptors are nitrate, sulfate, and CO2Dissimilatory nitrate reduction occurs when nitrate is used as the terminal electron acceptor; if the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas, the process is called denitrification Anaerobic respiration is not as efficient in ATP synthesis as aerobic respiration because the alternative electron acceptors do not have as positive a reduction potential as O2; despite this, anaerobic respiration is useful because it is more efficient than fermentation Catabolism of Carbohydrates and Intracellular Reserve Polymers Carbohydrates Most monosaccharides feed easily into the glycolytic pathway Disaccharides are cleaved into monosaccharides either by hydrolysis or phosphorolysis Polysaccharides are cleaved into smaller molecules either by hydrolysis or phosphorolysis; many, however, are not easily degraded (e.g., cellulose, agar)Microorganisms are also capable of degrading xenobiotic molecules (foreign substances not formed by natural biosynthetic processes) such as pesticides Reserve polymers-when exogenous nutrients are absent, microorganisms catabolize internal stores of glycogen, starch, etc. Lipid Catabolism Triglycerides are common energy sources; they are hydrolyzed to glycerol and fatty acids Fatty acids are catalyzed by the b-oxidation pathway, which produces acetyl-Co A, NADH, and FADH2; NADH and FADH2 can be oxidized by an electron transport chain to produce ATPProtein and Amino Acid Catabolism Proteins are degraded by proteases to their component amino acids Amino acids are first deaminated and then the remaining carbon skeletons are converted to pyruvate, acetyl-Co A, or a TCA-cycle intermediate Oxidation of Inorganic Molecules Chemolithotrophy-a metabolic process that uses inorganic molecules as a source of energy; the energy source is oxidized; the electron acceptor is usually O2, but sulfate and nitrate are also used; the most common electron donors (energy sources) are hydrogen, reduced nitrogen compounds, reduced sulfur compounds, and ferrous iron (Fe2+)Chemolithotrophs are usually autotrophs; they use the Calvin Cycle to fix carbon dioxide Photosynthesis During photosynthesis, energy from light is trapped and used to produce ATP and NADPH (light reactions), which are used to reduce carbon dioxide to form carbohydrates (dark reactions)The light reactions of eucaryotes and cyanobacteria Chlorophyll molecules and a variety of accessory pigments are used to form antennas; the antennas trap photons and transfer them to a reaction-center chlorophyll; this special chlorophyll is directly involved in photosynthetic electron transport Eucaryotes and cyanobacteria have two photosystems; in each, electrons from the light energized reaction-center chlorophyll are transferred to the associated electron transport chain Photosystem I can carry out cyclic photophosphorylation, producing ATPPhotosystems I and II, working together, can carry out noncyclic photophosphorylation, producing ATP and NADPH; the electrons for noncyclic photophosphorylation are obtained from water, which is oxidized to O2 (oxygenic photosynthesis)Photosynthetic electron transport takes place in membranes The light reactions of green and purple bacteria Green and purple bacteria carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis (they do"
},
{
"docid": "D1553548#0",
"title": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/acetyl-coa\nLearn more about Acetyl-CoA",
"text": "Learn more about Acetyl-Co ALipids IN. V. Bhagavan, Chung-Eun Ha, in Essentials of Medical Biochemistry, 2011Source and Transport of Acetyl-Co AAcetyl-Co Ais synthesized in mitochondria by a number of reactions: oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate; catabolism of some amino acids (e.g., phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, lysine, and tryptophan); and β -oxidation of fatty acids (see above). Since acetyl-Co A cannot be transported directly across the inner mitochondrial membrane to the cytosol, its carbon atoms are transferred by two transport mechanisms.1. Transport dependent upon carnitine: Carnitine participates in the transport of long-chain acyl-Co A into the mitochondria and plays a similar role in the transport of acetyl-Co A out of mitochondria. However, carnitine acetyl transferases have a minor role in acetyl-Co A transport.2. Cytosolic generation of acetyl-Co A (citrate shuttle): This pathway is shown in Figure 16-8. Citrate synthesized from oxaloacetate and acetyl-Co A is transported from mitochondria to the cytosol via the tricarboxylate anion carrier system and cleaved to yield acetyl-Co A and oxaloacetate. Co AThus, citrate not only modulates the rate of fatty acid synthesis but also provides carbon atoms for the synthesis. The oxaloacetate formed from pyruvate may eventually be converted (via malate) to glucose by the gluconeogenic pathway. The glucose oxidized via the pentose phosphate pathway augments fatty acid synthesis by providing NADPH."
}
] |
8235 | which neurotransmitters are affected by opioids? | [
{
"docid": "D1707615#0",
"title": "http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_03/i_03_m/i_03_m_par/i_03_m_par_heroine.html\n.",
"text": "\"HOW DRUGS AFFECT NEUROTRANSMITTERSDopamine appeared very early in the course of evolution and is involved in many functions that are essential for survival of the organism, such as motricity, attentiveness, motivation, learning, and memorization. But most of all, dopamine is a key element in identifying natural rewards for the organism. These natural stimuli such as food and water cause individuals to engage in approach behaviours. Dopamine is also involved in unconscious memorization of signs associated with these rewards. It has now been established that all substances that trigger dependencies in human beings increase the release of a neuromediator, dopamine, in a specific area of the brain: the nucleus accumbens. But not all drugs increase dopamine levels in the brain in the same way. Some substances imitate natural neuromediators and take their place on their receptors. Morphine, for example, binds to the receptors for endorphin (a natural \"\"morphine\"\" produced by the brain), while nicotine binds to the receptors for acetylcholine. Other substances increase the secretion of natural neuromediators. Cocaine, for example, mainly increases the amount of dopamine in the synapses, while ecstasy mainly increases the amount of serotonin."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2222064#0",
"title": "https://www.buzzle.com/articles/neurotransmitters-and-their-functions.html\nAll You Need to Know About Neurotransmitters And Their Functions",
"text": "All You Need to Know About Neurotransmitters And Their Functions Neurotransmitters are chemicals that facilitate the transmission of nerve impulses from one neuron to another neuron or body cell. There are several types of neurotransmitters, and each one of them is responsible for some specific functions. Did You Know? Acetylcholine is the first neurotransmitter to be discovered. It was isolated in 1921 by the German pharmacologist Otto Loewi. The transmission of signals from one neuron to another, across the synapse was earlier thought to be electrical. In 1921, it was confirmed that neurons mostly communicate by releasing certain chemicals. These chemicals are called neurotransmitters. So, neurotransmitters allow the nerve impulses or signals to travel across the synapse. A synapse is a small gap or junction between two neurons, or a neuron and a muscle cell."
},
{
"docid": "D416751#0",
"title": "https://www.thebabbleout.com/health/dopamine/\nWhat is Dopamine and How Does It Affect the Brain?",
"text": "What is Dopamine and How Does It Affect the Brain? What is Dopamine? Dopamine is one of many chemicals in the body, but as a Slate article notes, it's implicated in some real biggies: sex, lust, love, addiction, gambling, heart health, breastfeeding, body movement and mental health. Dopamine's widespread effects have to do with how it affects the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter and neurohormone – one of a number of different chemicals in the brain that communicate information by relaying signals through nerve cells. Quick Navigation What is Dopamine? About Neurotransmitters Like Dopamine How Dopamine Works Dopamine and Pleasure/Reward Dopamine and Adverse Events Dopamine Receptors and Transporters How Does Dopamine Affect Our Brains? Dopamine and Movement Dopamine and Reward-Seeking Behavior Dopamine and Addiction Dopamine and Memory Dopamine and Attention Dopamine and Cognition Dopamine and Prolactin Dopamine and Mental Health Dopamine and Pain Dopamine and Nausea and Vomiting About Neurotransmitters Like Dopamine Every function in the body is the result of neurotransmitters performing either excitatory (stimulating) tasks or inhibitory (calming) tasks in the brain and nervous system. Dopamine is excitatory – without dopamine, I would never be able to get anything done, because dopamine affects my ability to focus and my drive to complete tasks. Source: newhealthadvisor.com Your body manufactures dopamine from an amino acid called tyrosine."
},
{
"docid": "D3295386#0",
"title": "http://www.greenfacts.org/en/psychoactive-drugs/l-2/3-drug-addiction-brain.htm\nPsychoactive Drugs Tobacco, Alcohol, and Illicit Substances",
"text": "Home » Psychoactive Drugs » Level 2 » Question 3Psychoactive Drugs Tobacco, Alcohol, and Illicit Substances Previous Question Level 2 Questions Next Question Level 1: Summary Level 2: Details Level 3: Source3. How does drug addiction affect the functioning of the brain?3.1 What is drug addiction?3.2 What brain mechanisms are affected?3.3 How do different psychoactive drugs act in the brain?3.1 What is drug addiction? Psychoactive drugs affect the brain Source: WHODrug addiction, also referred to as drug dependence, is a disorder of the brain brought on by the use of psychoactive drugs. These drugs affect some of the normal processes in the brain related to perception, emotion, and motivation, thus affecting behaviour and thoughts. People are diagnosed as drug dependent if they have shown or experienced three or more of the following, at some time during the previous year: A strong desire or sense of compulsion to take the drug. Difficulty in controlling when they start or stop taking the drug and how much they take. Withdrawal, which refers to unpleasant physical and psychological symptoms when the use of the drug is reduced or discontinued. Evidence of tolerance, such as needing increased doses of the drug to achieve the effects originally produced by lower doses. Progressive neglect of other pleasures or interests because of drug use, increased amount of time spent getting or using the drug or recovering from its use. Persistence in using the drug despite clear evidence that it is causing harm The above criteria for dependence include health and social consequences."
},
{
"docid": "D3015513#0",
"title": "http://www.ldnresearchtrust.org/content/low-dose-naltrexone-and-chronic-pain-pradeep-chopra-md\nLow Dose Naltrexone and chronic pain - Pradeep Chopra, MD",
"text": "Low Dose Naltrexone and chronic pain - Pradeep Chopra, MDPradeep-Chopra.jpg Opioids (narcotics) have been used for many years. It’s counter-intuitive to think that a drug like naltrexone which blocks the effect of opioids can help manage chronic pain. We do have some understanding that LDN (Low Dose Naltrexone) helps with autoimmune conditions. Current literature in pain medicine supports the view that chronic pain, especially chronic nerve pain conditions such as Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy, Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy are autoimmune based. A study done on treating Fibromyalgia pain with LDN showed a 30% reduction in symptoms. Below is a short description of the mechanism behind chronic nerve pain. The Central Nervous system (CNS) is made up of nerves and cells called glia. The glias make up about 80% of the CNS while the nerves make up about 20%. The function of the glia is to provide immune protection and host defense to the CNS. Under normal conditions the glia remain in an inactive state."
},
{
"docid": "D923437#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/10803721/ch-78910-flash-cards/\nCh 7,8,9,10",
"text": "82 terms libynair Ch 7,8,9,10neurology Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Neurons a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system Axon Long branch of the neuron carries impulses away from the cell body Dendrites short branches of the neuron carries impulses toward the cell body Cell body largest part of a typical neuron; contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm Anterograde transport from the cell body to axon/dendrites involved kinesin proteins moves vesicles,ion channels and mitochondria along microtubles Retrograde transport from axon/dendrites to cell body involves dyneins herpes virus,rabies and tetanus toxin Ganglion grouping/collection of cell bodies (neurons) outside the CNSNucleus grouping of neuron cell bodies within CNSTract Axon groups that interconnect regions of CNSSensory Afferent- toward the cell body sensory receptors CNSMotor efferent- away from the cell body CNS to effector organs Somatic- reflex and voluntary control; skeletal muscle Autonomic- involuntary effectors; smooth and cardiac muscle/glands Association neurons within CNS intergrative functions Unipolar/pseudounipolar neurons single short process that branches like a T forms a pair of longer processes (eg. sensory neurons)Bipolar neurons 2 processes seen in the retina interneuronsmultipolar most common type eg. motor neurons Schwann Cells Supporting cell PNS (one cell supplies myelin to a single cell) Satellite cells Oligodendrocytes CNS (one cells to supply myelin to multiple neurons)Astrocytes K+ uptake from ECF neurotransmitter uptake (glutamate uptake in the brain/CNS, uptake of glucose from the blood) Regulate neurogenesis in the adult brain Induce formation of Blood brain barrier Unmyelinated nerve impulses slow conduction- Action potential must be produced at every fraction of a mm. Voltage gated channels along the entire length of axons Myelinated nerve impulses faster conduction Saltatory conduction Action potentials occur at nodes (nodes of Ranvier, voltage gated channels) and seem to leap from note to node All or None law size/amplitude of action potentials are all or none if stimulated it happes Absolute refractory period the interval during which a second action potential cannot be initiated, no matter how great the stimulus Na+ outside is greater than inside Relative refractory period the interval immediately following during which initiation of a second action potential is inhibited but not impossible. K+inside greater than outside Synapse functional connection between a neuron and a second cell (another neuron, muscle cell, gland)Electrical synapses 2 cells must be equal in size, joined by areas of contact with low electrical resistance (gap junctions) seen in cardiac muscle, smooth muscle in uteruschemical synapses synapses which involved the release of a chemical neurotransmitter by the presynaptic neuron Sympathetic nervous system fight or flight Vagus nerve Supply heart, lungs, GIParasympathetic nervous system Occulomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus Carry PSNS preganglionic neurons Adrenal medulla modified ganglion innervated by only preganglionic sympathetic neurons Postganglionic Sympathtic nervous system ... ANS autonomic nervous system - nerves that carry involuntary impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and various glands Spinal Cord Ascending tracts= spino Descending tracts= spinal corticospinal= pyramidal extrapyramidal tracts= impaired in Parkinsons diseasereticular activating system the network in the reticular formation that serves an alerting or arousal function. Inhibited= sleep GABA inhibits RAS allowing sleepmedulla cardiovascular and respiratory centercerebellum motor coordinationhypothalamus maintains homeostasis and ANS controlthalamus sensory information relay center to cerebrumdorsomedial thalamus receives inputs from the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system and in turn relays them to the Pre-Frontal Association Cortex. As a result, it plays a crucial role in attention, planning, organization, abstract thinking, multi-tasking and active memory Memory prefrontal cortex, temporal lobe Amygdale,hippocampus Cortisol strengthens emotional memory but weakend hippocampal memory formationlimbic system controls emotions fear,sex drive, aggression, hunger/satiety Angular Gyrus junction between parietal, occipital and temporal lobes. Sensory information intergration center."
},
{
"docid": "D1579560#0",
"title": "http://luxury.rehabs.com/naltrexone-vivitrol/vs-other-medications/\nVivitrol vs Other Anti-Addiction Medications",
"text": "Home Naltrexone and Vivitrol Vivitrol vs Other Anti-Addiction Medications Vivitrol vs Other Anti-Addiction Medications Find Fast How Medication Supports Recovery Medication That Prevent Drug Use and Relapse Medications That Ease Withdrawal Symptoms Benefits of Medication Therapy The Impact of Medication Therapy Choosing the Right Recovery Treatment for You Learn More and Find Treatment If you’ve made the decision to get clean and sober, a doctor may recommend medication assisted therapy as part of your treatment plan. Medications like Vivitrol, Antabuse, Suboxone and Campral won’t get you sober on their own. Nor will they altogether prevent withdrawal. But these drugs may curb the cravings or withdrawal symptoms that make recovery such a challenging journey. Choosing the medication that’s right for you requires a comparison of these drugs, their benefits and their side effects. How Medication Supports Recovery Medication-Assisted Therapy (MAT) is meant to be only one part of an integrated addiction treatment program. Medications may be used to: Ease withdrawal symptoms during detox ( Suboxone ). Help those recovering from addiction prevent drug use and relapse ( Vivitrol, Antabuse, Campral ). Depending on your current stage in recovery, most individuals will want to begin their journey to sobriety by first detoxing their body of any remaining substance. After detox has occurred, your body will better be able to handle the medications that are designed to help keep you away from further drug use."
},
{
"docid": "D1292000#0",
"title": "http://healthquestions.medhelp.org/epinephrine-receptors\nEpinephrine receptors",
"text": "\"Epinephrine receptors Common Questions and Answers about Epinephrine receptorsepipen The current hypothesis about the effectiveness of SSRIs is that depression involves decreased Serotonin and Nor- epinephrine levels in the synaptic spaces. SSRIs block the re-uptake of Serotonin molecules and make up for the reduced quantity. If you have gradually weaned off Paroxetine with adequate symptom control, the Serotonin levels should be back to normal, as per the hypothesis. There is enough evidence to conclude that SSRIs lead to complete symptom resolution. Read More Hi, welcome to the forum, Epipen delivers a measured dose of epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) using autoinjector technology, most frequently for the treatment of acute allergic reactions to avoid or treat the onset of anaphylactic shock. In certain cases it can be used to stop local bleeding. Epinephrine is known to act on the uterus through beta 2 receptors and can cause relaxation of the uterus. At term, it can prevent the contraction and delay the labor. Read More Amlodipine, on the other hand, is a calcium channel blocker (clonidine is an alpha-2 agonist-- affecting receptors for epinephrine) and the two meds have completely different actions. Clonidine seems to reduce ALL withdrawal symptoms by about a third."
},
{
"docid": "D1504875#0",
"title": "http://www.suboxoneassistedtreatment.org/29.html\nAgonists And Antagonists",
"text": "\"Agonists And Antagonists What's the difference between an opiate agonist and an opiate antagonist? An agonist is an agent that binds to a receptor and activates that receptor in order to elicit an effect (typically transmitting a signal to the inside of the cell, either by opening a channel to allow ions to flow in/out, or changing the receptor's shape to cause a cascade of intracellular events to occur). Drugs that are agonists essentially mimic the action of the endogenous (naturally occuring) neurotransmitters, typically with the same or a stronger affinity than the neurotransmitter itself. An antagonist is an agent that binds to a receptor but does not elicit the response that the neurotransmitter or an agonist would cause. The antagonist blocks the receptor and prevemts activation by neurotransmitters or other drugs. So in the case of opiates, lets look at the opiate agonist, morphine. When morphine enters the brain, it binds to opiate receptors and activates them. This binding is what produces the effects of Morphine. In the case of a Morphine overdose, where a hospital is concerned that the high dose of morphine may be dangerous (depressing breathing and heartrate), they may administer Naloxone ( an opiate antagonist). The Naloxone finds its way to your opiate receptors and \"\"competes\"\" with Morphine for binding of the receptors."
},
{
"docid": "D150601#0",
"title": "http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh313/196-214.htm\nCommunication Networks in the Brain",
"text": "Communication Networks in the Brain Neurons, Receptors, Neurotransmitters, and Alcohol David M. Lovinger, Ph. D. David M. Lovinger, PH. D., is chief of the Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland. Nerve cells (i.e., neurons) communicate via a combination of electrical and chemical signals. Within the neuron, electrical signals driven by charged particles allow rapid conduction from one end of the cell to the other. Communication between neurons occurs at tiny gaps called synapses, where specialized parts of the two cells (i.e., the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons) come within nanometers of one another to allow for chemical transmission. The presynaptic neuron releases a chemical (i.e., a neurotransmitter) that is received by the postsynaptic neuron’s specialized proteins called neurotransmitter receptors. The neurotransmitter molecules bind to the receptor proteins and alter postsynaptic neuronal function. Two types of neurotransmitter receptors exist—ligand-gated ion channels, which permit rapid ion flow directly across the outer cell membrane, and G-protein–coupled receptors, which set into motion chemical signaling events within the cell. Hundreds of molecules are known to act as neurotransmitters in the brain."
},
{
"docid": "D1965328#0",
"title": "http://www.aafp.org/afp/2000/0501/p2763.html\nAn Approach to Drug Abuse, Intoxication and Withdrawal",
"text": "An Approach to Drug Abuse, Intoxication and Withdrawal PRINT COMMENTSSHAREA. JAMES GIANNINI, M. D., Chemical Abuse Centers, Inc., Austintown, Canton and Columbus, Ohio Am Fam Physician. 2000 May 1;61 (9):2763-2774. This article exemplifies the AAFP 2000 Annual Clinical Focus on mental health. The symptomatic effects of drug abuse are a result of alterations in the functioning of the following neurotransmitters or their receptors: acetylcholine, dopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, norepinephrine, opioids and serotonin. Anticholinergic drugs antagonize acetylcholine receptors. Dissociative drugs affect all transmitter sites. Opiates act on both opioid and adrenergic receptor sites. Psychedelic drugs stimulate serotonin release, and sedative-hypnotic drugs potentiate the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor. Specific signs and symptoms are associated with the neurotransmitters and receptors affected by each drug class."
},
{
"docid": "D2837894#0",
"title": "https://www.practicalpainmanagement.com/opioid-induced-constipation-causes-treatments\nOpioid-induced Constipation: Causes and Treatments",
"text": "Opioid-induced Constipation: Causes and Treatments Constipation is a well-recognized side effect of opioid use, yet its impact on patients’ quality of life remains underappreciated by many healthcare providers, leaving many patients undertreated. By John F. Peppin, DO, FACPPage 1 of 3The treatment of chronic pain, whether of cancer or noncancer origin, frequently involves the use of opioids. It has been estimated that up to 90% of patients with chronic pain receive opioids. 1 Interestingly, in spite of being used for millenia, opioids have not seemed to garner the attention and investigation seen in other medication classes, until recently. The endogenous opioid system has only been elucidated within the last few decades (eg, the µ receptor being discovered in 1973). 2 Much is currently known about the physiology, biochemistry, and action of opioids, both endogenous and exogenous, yet much has still to be discovered. For example, we are only beginning to understand and identify the many side effects of opioids. Constipation, nausea, emesis, pruritus, respiratory depression, and somnolence are well known. However, not so well known are effects on immune function, urinary retention, endocrinopathies, gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), gastroparesis, sleep apnea, cardiovascular system, osteoporosis, emotions, dentition, and renal function. This review is the first part of a series of articles that will focus on opioid-induced complications."
},
{
"docid": "D544017#0",
"title": "https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/hot-thought/201202/your-brain-drugs-philosophical-implications\nYour Brain on Drugs: Philosophical Implications",
"text": "Your Brain on Drugs: Philosophical Implications The mind-body problem and psychopharmacology. Posted Feb 08, 2012SHARETWEETEMAILMORENext week when I have my hip replacement surgery, I will be given drugs such as a narcotic and a benzodiazepine to relieve pain and discomfort. Similarly, if you have a glass of wine and feel relaxed, or a cup of coffee and feel alert, then you have altered your mental state by changing your brain chemistry. Alcohol affects activity of such neurotransmitters as glutamate, GABA, and dopamine; caffeine blocks the action of the neurotransmitter adenosine. Such changes are studied in the field of psychopharamacology, which concerns the effects of drugs on the mind and brain. This field investigates both recreational drugs such as alcohol, caffeine, marijuana, cocaine, and LSD, and therapeutic drugs such as antidepressants and antipsychotics. Studies of the neural and psychological effects of drugs support the mind-brain identity theory over its chief rival, dualism, which claims that minds are distinct from bodies. Identifying minds with brains requires specification of the nature of brain processes as neuroelectrochemical, drawing on the rich biochemistry that underlies the firing patterns commonly taken as the basic units of neural computation. To explain a mental process, we first identify a sequence of mental events such as thoughts, perceptions, and feeling, and then describe a mechanism whose interacting components produce that sequence. Most current scientific explanations of mental processes operate either at the cognitive level, where the components are mental representations such as rules or concepts, or at the neural level where the components are neurons."
},
{
"docid": "D2121259#0",
"title": "https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Neurotransmitter\nNeurotransmitter",
"text": "\"Diagram of pre-synaptic neurone, showing vesicles and neurotransmitter release. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals from a neurone to a target cell across a synapse. They are stored in chemical packages known as vesicles and are found in the end of the neurone. Upon arrival of an action potential, neurotransmitters are released into the synapse where they then diffuse and bind to receptors on the post-synaptic neurone. Contents1 Types of neurotransmitter2 Excitatory and inhibitory effects3 Typical neurotransmitter effects4 See also5 References Types of neurotransmitter Neurotransmitters can be classified as one of four different types, shown below with examples: Amino Acids: glutamate, aspartate, glysine, GABA. Monoamines: dopamine, serotonin, histamine, noradrenaline. Peptides: substance p, opioid peptides. Others: acetylcholine, adenosine, nitric oxide. Excitatory and inhibitory effects The direct effect of a neurotransmitter is to activate a receptor. A neurotransmitter can cause the receptor to experience excitatory effects, which increases the probability that the neuron will fire an action potential."
},
{
"docid": "D1965329#0",
"title": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0278584684900162\nProgress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry",
"text": "\"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry Volume 8, Issues 4–6, 1984, Pages 565-570Opioid-neurotransmitter interactions: Significance in analgesia, tolerance and dependence Khem H. Jhamandas Show morehttps://doi.org/10.1016/0278-5846 (84)90016-2 Get rights and content Abstract1. Opioid analgesics influence the function of a number of neurotransmitter systems including classical neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and endogenous opioids. The role of these interactions in analgesia, tolerance and dependence is reviewed.2. Opioids inhibit the release of substance P from high threshold primary afferents, depress the activity of dorsal horn neurons and increase activity in serotonergic and noradrenergic neurons projecting from brainstem to spinal regions.3. Chronic administration of opioids modifies the dynamics of classical transmitters and those of endogenous opioid peptides in the brain, spinal cord and the pituitary gland. However, the effects observed are very variable.4. Several neuropeptides (vasopressin, MIF, α-MSH, CCK and dynorphin) have been reported to modify acute and chronic effects of opioids. Tolerance and dependence seen after opiate administration may involve changes in the function of these peptides. Previous article Next article Keywordsopioids neurotransmitters analgesia tolerance dependence substance P serotoninnorepinephrine endogenous opioid peptides neuropeptides Abbreviationscholecystokinin (CCK) melanotropin release inhibiting factor (MIF) α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmncol."
},
{
"docid": "D2835551#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_do_neurotransmitters_affect_behavior\nHow do neurotransmitters affect behavior?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Social Sciences Psychology IQ How do neurotransmitters affect behavior? Flag How do neurotransmitters affect behavior? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. Neurotransmitters are chemicals located and released in the brain to allow an impulse from one nerve cell to pass to another nerve cell. Some common neurotransmitters are acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA). Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are excitatory neurotransmitters while dopamine, serotonin, and GABA are inhibitory neurotransmitters. Each neurotransmitter can directly or indirectly influence neurons in a specific portion of the brain, thereby affecting behavior. Any abnormal level in neurotransmitters can lead to mental disorders. Serotonin is known contributor to feeling and well being, these include the regulation of mood, appetite, sleep, as well as muscle contraction and some functions including in memory and learning. Norepinephrine is found in parts of the brain called amygdala, where attention and responses are controlled."
},
{
"docid": "D2183684#0",
"title": "http://ezinearticles.com/?Alcohols-Effects-in-the-Brain&id=1319880\nAlcohol's Effects in the Brain",
"text": "\"Alcohol's Effects in the Brain By Kenneth L Anderson | Submitted On July 11, 2008420 6 3 5 8 3Alcohol can make you laugh or it can make you cry, it can make you lively or make you sleepy, it can boost your confidence or make you act the fool. How can alcohol have all these different effects on people? If we want to know how alcohol affects our moods and behaviors we must first understand a bit about how the brain works. The human brain is made up of about 100 billion nerve cells (also known as neurons). Everything that we think, feel or do is the result of electrical signals passing back and forth between neurons. These electrical signals require the help of chemicals called neurotransmitters in order to pass from neuron to neuron. Scientists have identified around 60 different neurotransmitters so far and tell us that there are probably many more yet to be identified. Different neurotransmitters have different effects in the brain. For example, serotonin is connected with mood. People suffering from clinical depression tend to have a shortage of serotonin in their brains, and medications like Prozac can help to alleviate depression by increasing the availability of serotonin in the brain."
},
{
"docid": "D150600#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmitter_receptor\nNeurotransmitter receptor",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Figure 1. The seven transmembrane α-helix structure of a G-protein-coupled receptor. A neurotransmitter receptor (also known as a neuroreceptor) is a membrane receptor protein [1] that is activated by a neurotransmitter. [ 2] Chemicals on the outside of the cell, such as a neurotransmitter, can bump into the cell's membrane and along the membrane we can find receptors. If a neurotransmitter bumps into its corresponding receptor, they will bind and can trigger other events to occur inside the cell. Therefore, a membrane receptor is part of the molecular machinery that allows cells to communicate with one another. A neurotransmitter receptor is a class of receptors that specifically binds with neurotransmitters as opposed to other molecules. In postsynaptic cells, neurotransmitter receptors receive signals that trigger an electrical signal, by regulating the activity of ion channels. The influx of ions through ion channels opened due to the binding of neurotransmitters to specific receptors can change the membrane potential of a neuron. This can result in a signal that runs along the axon (see action potential) and is passed along at a synapse to another neuron and possibly on to a neural network. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3225901#0",
"title": "http://dictionary.sensagent.com/Inhibitory%20postsynaptic%20potential/en-en/\nInhibitory postsynaptic potentialupdate",
"text": "\"An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is a kind of synaptic potential that makes a postsynaptic neuron less likely to generate an action potential. [ 1] The opposite of an inhibitory postsynaptic potential is an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), which is a synaptic potential that makes a postsynaptic neuron more likely to generate an action potential. They can take place at all chemical synapses which use the secretion of neurotransmitters to create cell to cell signalling. Inhibitory presynaptic neurons release neurotransmitters which then bind to the postsynaptic receptors; this induces a postsynaptic conductance change as ion channels open or close. An electrical current is generated which changes the postsynaptic membrane potential to create a more negative postsynaptic potential. Depolarization can also occur due to an IPSP if the reverse potential is between the resting threshold and the action potential threshold. Another way to look at inhibitory postsynaptic potentials is that they are also a chloride conductance change in the neuronal cell because it decreases the driving force. [ 2] Microelectrodes can be used to measure postsynaptic potentials at either excitatory or inhibitory synapses. In general, a postsynaptic potential is dependent on the type and combination of receptor channel, reverse potential of the postsynaptic potential, action potential threshold voltage, ionic permeability of the ion channel, as well as the concentrations of the ions in and out of the cell; this determines if it is excitatory or inhibitory. IPSPs always want to keep the membrane potential more negative than the action potential threshold and can be seen as a “transient hyperpolarization”. ["
},
{
"docid": "D288523#0",
"title": "http://biologymad.com/NervousSystem/synapses.htm\nSynapses [Back to Nervous System]",
"text": "Synapses [Back to Nervous System]Synapses Types of synapses Summation Why have gaps in nerves? Neurotransmitters Drugs and the Nervous System Information from one neuron flows to another neuron across a synapse. The synapse is a small gap separating neurons. The synapse consists of:a presynaptic ending that contains neurotransmitters, mitochondria and other cell organelles,a postsynaptic ending that contains receptor sites for neurotransmitters and,a synaptic cleft or space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic endings. It is about 20nm wide. An action potential cannot cross the synaptic cleft between neurones. Instead the nerve impulse is carried by chemicals called neurotransmitters . These chemicals are made by the cell that is sending the impulse (the pre-synaptic neurone) and stored in synaptic vesicles at the end of the axon. The cell that is receiving the nerve impulse (the post-synaptic neurone) has chemical-gated ion channels in its membrane, called neuroreceptors. These have specific binding sites for the neurotransmitters."
},
{
"docid": "D2429555#0",
"title": "http://effectivediagnosis.org/neurotransmitters/\nNEUROTRANSMITTERS",
"text": "To more easily understand how cells operate, we need to review a few definitions of words. The first is neuron. A neuron is another name for a nerve cell . A neuron has an axon – a thread-like part of the cell that sends signals from the cell body. The neuron also has dendrites–a part of the cell that receives signals from other neurons. The axon of one cell does not necessarily touch the dendrites of another cell . This space between the two cells is called the synapse . The following picture illustrates this: The brain has been compared to the world’s most sophisticated computer, which processes information by sending electric current not through circuits but through the brain’s estimated 100 billion cells. Information is relayed from cell to cell using electricity and neurotransmitters. Information about emotions, behavior, body temperature, appetite, or many other functions is sent, depending on what part of the brain is stimulated."
}
] |
8237 | which of the following european countries was the most powerful force in the region? this empire grew until the 20th century | [
{
"docid": "D2220366#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_countries\nCore countries",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search A world map of countries by trading status in late 20th century using the world system differentiation into core countries (blue), semi-periphery countries (purple) and periphery countries (red), based on the list in Dunn, Kawano, Brewer (2000)Developed countries are shown in blue (according to the International Monetary Fund, as of 2008)In world systems theory, the core countries are the industrialized capitalist countries on which periphery countries and semi-periphery countries depend. Core countries control and benefit from the global market. They are usually recognized as wealthy nations with a wide variety of resources and are in a favorable location compared to other states. They have strong state institutions, a powerful military and powerful global political alliances. Core countries do not always stay core permanently. Throughout history, core nations have been changing and new ones have been added to the core list. The most influential countries in the past have been what would be considered core. These were the Asian, Indian and Middle Eastern empires in the ages up to the 16th century, prominently India and China were the richest kingdoms in the world until the 15th century, when the European powers took the lead, although the major Asian powers such as China were still very influential in the region. Europe remained ahead of the pack until the 20th century, when the two World Wars turned disastrous for the European economies. It is then that the victorious United States and Soviet Union, up to late 1980s, became the two hegemons, creating a bipolar world order."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2805550#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_of_Austria\nVienna",
"text": "\"Vienna From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Capital of Austria)navigation search\"\"Wien\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Wien (disambiguation). This article is about the capital of Austria. For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). Vienna Wien Capital city and state Descending, from top: Schönbrunn Palace, City Hall, Austrian Parliament, St. Stephen's Cathedral, and Hofburg Palace Flag Seal Coat of arms Location of Vienna in Austria Coordinates: 48°12′N 16°22′ECountry Austria Government• Mayor and Governor Michael Häupl ( SPÖ)• Vice-Mayors Maria Vassilakou ( Grüne)Area• Capital city and state414.65 km 2 (160.10 sq mi)• Land 395.26 km 2 (152.61 sq mi)• Water 19.39 km 2 (7.49 sq mi)Elevation 151 ( Lobau) – 542 ( Hermannskogel ) m (495–1,778 ft)Population (1. January 2018)• Capital city and state1,889,083• Rank 1st in Austria ( 7th in EU)• Density 4,326.1/km 2 (11,205/sq mi)• Metro 2,600,000• Ethnicity [1] [2] 61.2% Austrian 38.8% Other Statistik Austria, [3] VCÖ – Mobilität mit Zukunft [4]Demonym (s) Viennese, Wiener Time zone CET ( UTC+1)• Summer ( DST) CEST ( UTC+2)Postal code A-1010, A–1423, A-1600, A-1601, A-1810, A-1901Vehicle registration W- Nominal GDP (2015) [5]€86.5 billion/ US$ 96 billion- GDP per capita (2015) [6]€47,700/ US$ 52,500 [7]Geo TLD .wien Website www.wien.gv.at UNESCO World Heritage Site Official name Historic Centre of Vienna Type Cultural Criteria ii, iv, vi Designated 2001 (25th session)Reference no. 1033UNESCO Region Europe and North America Endangered 2017 –present [8]Vienna ( / v i ˈ ɛ n ə / ( listen); [9] [10] German: Wien, pronounced [viːn] ( listen)) is the capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.8 million [1] (2.6 million within the metropolitan area, [4] nearly one third of Austria's population), and its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 7th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union. Until the beginning of the 20th century, it was the largest German-speaking city in the world, and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I, the city had 2 million inhabitants. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3313911#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/place/Baghdad\nBeginnings of modernization",
"text": "Baghdad, also spelled Bagdad, Arabic Baghdād, formerly Madīnat al-Salām (Arabic: “City of Peace”), city, capital of Iraq and capital of Baghdad governorate, central Iraq. Its location, on the Tigris River about 330 miles (530 km) from the headwaters of the Persian Gulf, is in the heart of ancient Mesopotamia. Baghdad is Iraq’s largest city and one of the most populous urban agglomerations of the Middle East. The city was founded in 762 as the capital of the ʿAbbāsid dynasty of caliphs, and for the next 500 years it was the most significant cultural centre of Arab and Islamic civilization and one of the greatest cities of the world. It was conquered by the Mongol leader Hülegü in 1258, after which its importance waned. A provincial capital under the Ottoman Empire, Baghdad regained prominence only when it became the capital of Iraq in 1920; over the next half century, the city grew prodigiously and took on all the characteristics of a modern metropolis. The Tigris River flowing through Baghdad. Robert Harding Picture Library/Super Stock Baghdad, Iraq. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Baghdad was heavily damaged by aerial bombardment during the Persian Gulf War (1990–91) and again by air and ground operations during the Iraq War, which began in 2003. During the interwar period the city’s services and infrastructure deteriorated badly because of inattention and fiscal constraints resulting from economic sanctions imposed on Iraq by the United Nations (UN)."
},
{
"docid": "D158038#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_history\nModern history",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Modern Age\"\" redirects here. For the periodical, see Modern Age (periodical). For timelines of modern history, see Timelines of modern history. Freidrich Nietzsche in Basel, c. 1875. Nietzsche was an important precursor to modernism Human history↑ Prehistory Recorded history Ancient Earliest records Africa Americas Oceania East Asia South Asia Southeast Asia West Asia Europe Postclassical Africa Americas Oceania East Asia South Asia Southeast Asia West Asia Europe Modern Early modern Late modern See also Contemporary Modernity Futurology↓ Futurev t e Modern history, the modern period or the modern era, is the linear, global, historiographical approach to the time frame after post-classical history. [ 1] [2] This view stands in contrast to the \"\"organic,\"\" or non-linear, view of history first put forward by the renowned philosopher and historian, Oswald Spengler, early in the 20th century. [ 3] Modern history can be further broken down into periods : The early modern period began approximately in the early 16th century; notable historical milestones included the European Renaissance, the Age of Discovery, and the Protestant Reformation. [ 4] [5]The late modern period began approximately in the mid-18th century; notable historical milestones included the French Revolution, the American Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, the Great Divergence, and the Russian Revolution. It took all of human history up to 1804 for the world's population to reach 1 billion; the next billion came just over a century later, in 1927. [ 6]Contemporary history is the span of historic events from approximately 1945 that are immediately relevant to the present time."
},
{
"docid": "D448511#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_era\nModern history",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Modern era)navigation search\"\"Modern Age\"\" redirects here. For the periodical, see Modern Age (periodical). For timelines of modern history, see Timelines of modern history. Freidrich Nietzsche in Basel, c. 1875. Nietzsche was an important precursor to modernism Human history↑ Prehistory Recorded history Ancient Earliest records Africa Americas Oceania East Asia South Asia Southeast Asia West Asia Europe Postclassical Africa Americas Oceania East Asia South Asia Southeast Asia West Asia Europe Modern Early modern Late modern See also Contemporary Modernity Futurology↓ Futurev t e Modern history, the modern period or the modern era, is the linear, global, historiographical approach to the time frame after post-classical history. [ 1] [2] This view stands in contrast to the \"\"organic,\"\" or non-linear, view of history first put forward by the renowned philosopher and historian, Oswald Spengler, early in the 20th century. [ 3] Modern history can be further broken down into periods : The early modern period began approximately in the early 16th century; notable historical milestones included the European Renaissance, the Age of Discovery, and the Protestant Reformation. [ 4] [5]The late modern period began approximately in the mid-18th century; notable historical milestones included the French Revolution, the American Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, the Great Divergence, and the Russian Revolution. It took all of human history up to 1804 for the world's population to reach 1 billion; the next billion came just over a century later, in 1927. [ 6]Contemporary history is the span of historic events from approximately 1945 that are immediately relevant to the present time."
},
{
"docid": "D2396137#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Africa\nHistory of Africa",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Pre-colonial African states from different time periods Obelisk at temple of Luxor, Egypt. c. 1200 BCBaguirmi knight in full padded armour suit The history of Africa begins with the emergence of hominids, archaic humans and - around 5.6 to 7.5 million years ago [1] - anatomically modern humans ( Homo sapiens ), in East Africa, and continues unbroken into the present as a patchwork of diverse and politically developing nation states. The earliest known recorded history arose in the Kingdom of Kush, [2] and later in Ancient Egypt, the Sahel, the Maghreb and the Horn of Africa. [ clarification needed] Following the desertification of the Sahara, North African history became entwined with the Middle East and Southern Europe while the Bantu expansion swept from modern day Cameroon (West Africa) across much of the sub-Saharan continent in waves between around 1000 BCE and 0 CE, creating a linguistic commonality across much of the central and Southern continent. During the Middle Ages, Islam spread west from Arabia to Egypt, crossing the Maghreb and the Sahel. Some notable pre-colonial states and societies in Africa include the Ajuran Empire, D'mt, Adal Sultanate, Warsangali Sultanate, Kingdom of Nri, Nok culture, Mali Empire, Songhai Empire, Benin Empire, Oyo Empire, Ashanti Empire, Ghana Empire, Mossi Kingdoms, Mutapa Empire, Kingdom of Mapungubwe, Kingdom of Sine, Kingdom of Sennar, Kingdom of Saloum, Kingdom of Baol, Kingdom of Cayor, Kingdom of Zimbabwe, Kingdom of Kongo, Empire of Kaabu, Kingdom of Ile Ife, Ancient Carthage, Numidia, Mauretania, and the Aksumite Empire. At its peak, prior to European colonialism, it is estimated that Africa had up to 10,000 different states and autonomous groups with distinct languages and customs. [ 3]From the mid-7th century, the Arab slave trade saw Muslim Arabs enslave Africans following an armistice between the Rashidun Caliphate and the Kingdom of Makuria after the Second Battle of Dongola in 652 AD. They were transported, along with Asians and Europeans, across the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Sahara Desert. From the late 15th century, Europeans joined the slave trade that includes the triangular trade, with the Portuguese initially acquiring slaves through trade and later by force as part of the Atlantic slave trade."
},
{
"docid": "D188759#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe\nEurope",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the continent. For the politico-economic union, see European Union. For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). Europe Area 10,180,000 km 2 (3,930,000 sq mi) (6th) [a]Population 741,447,158 (2016; 3rd) [1]Population density 72.9/km 2 (188/sq mi) (2nd)GDP (nominal) $19.0 trillion (2016, 3rd)GDP (PPP) $27.2 trillion (2016, 2nd)GDP per capita $21,767 (2016, 3rd) [2]HDI 0.845 [3]Demonym European Countries 50 sovereign states6 with limited recognition Dependencies 4 dependencies Largest cities Largest urban areas : Istanbul [b] Moscow Paris London Madrid [4]a. ^ Figures include only European portions of transcontinental countries. [ n]b. ^ Istanbul is a transcontinental city with about two-thirds of the population residing in the European side. Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. It comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia."
},
{
"docid": "D2935639#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_civilization\nWestern world",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Western civilization)navigation search For other uses, see Western World (disambiguation). \"\" Westerners\"\" and \"\"Occident\"\" redirect here. For historical politics in Korea, see Westerners (Korean political faction). For other uses, see Occident (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Western Hemisphere or Western Bloc. Western Christian civilizations in the post- Cold War world as described by American political scientist Samuel P. Huntington The Parthenon, Athens, Greece (c. 400 BC)The Pantheon, Rome, Italy (c. 100 AD)The Western world, or simply the West (from Proto-Germanic root wes-; Latinvesper, Ancient Greek hesperos, [1] \"\"towards evening\"\") refers to various nations depending on the context, most often including at least part of Europe. There are many accepted definitions, all closely interrelated. [ 2] The Western world is also known as the Occident (from Latin word occidens, \"\"sunset, West\"\"), in contrast to the Orient (from Latin word oriens, \"\"rise, East \"\"). Ancient Greece [a] [b] and ancient Rome [c] are generally considered to be the birthplaces of Western civilisation: the former due to its impact on philosophy, democracy, science, and art; the latter due to its influence on law, warfare, governance, republicanism, and architecture. Western civilisation is also founded upon Christianity (particularly Roman Catholicism and various Protestant churches ), which is in turn shaped by Hellenistic philosophy, Judaism and Roman culture; [22] the ancient Greeks in turn, had been influenced by forms of ancient Near East civilizations. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1523189#0",
"title": "http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/europe-and-the-world/economic-relations\nEconomic Relations Between Europe and the World: Dependence and Interdependence",
"text": "\"Economic Relations Between Europe and the World: Dependence and Interdependenceby Rolf Walter Original in German , displayed in English ▾Published: 2012-05-31This article sketches the beginnings and central trends in the development of economic ties between Europe and regions outside Europe from 1450 to 1950. The focus is on the increasing diversity and volume of goods exchanged, and the reciprocal enrichment of material cultures between the continents. In this way, the article creates a vivid picture of the emergence of the global market and the beginnings of global competition. It also seeks to identify the central driving forces behind the successive periods of intensification of trade and interaction from the late Middle Ages to the modern period. Finally, this study describes the increasing interconnection of the economic regions of the Orient and the Occident, as well as the interdependence of the two. Table of Contents General Trends in Development Europe Becomes Increasingly Central from the Late Middle Ages The \"\"Oligopolization\"\" of the Global Economy Phases of Different Intensity and Concentration in Growth and Trade European Trade During Industrialization Europe and the African World Europe, the Orient and Asia America, the Pacific and Asia Europe Meets Australia in the 17th Century Europe, the Atlantic and America Appendix Literature Notes Indices Citation General Trends in Development Trade played a more central role in the mercantilist period of European history from 1500 to 1750 – sometimes referred to as early capitalism or trade capitalism – than in almost any other period. 1 We must begin with the questions: When in human history did the first exchange of goods between Europe and the other four continents of Africa, Asia, America and Australia occur? Where are the origins of what one could describe as on-going exchange, as established economic relations to be found? These questions refer to an even larger global context because the global economic edifice changed fundamentally from \"\"proto-globalization\"\" to globalization. 2 This process was primarily determined by Europe from the 15th to the 20th century."
},
{
"docid": "D1764632#0",
"title": "https://www.scribd.com/doc/54533627/Imperialism\n\"IMPERIALISM: DEFINATION: Imperialism, defined by The Dictionary of Human Geography, is \"\"the creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural\"",
"text": "\"IMPERIALISM: DEFINATION: Imperialism, defined by The Dictionary of Human Geography, is \"\"the creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, culturaland territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination.\"\" Imperialism has been described as a primarily western concept that employs \"\"expansionist ± mercantilist and latterly communist ± systems.\"\" geographical domain such as the Persian Empire, the Roman Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the Portuguese Empire, the Spanish Empire, the Dutch Empire, the French Empire the Russian Empire, the Chinese Empire, the British Empire, or the American Empire, but the term can equally be applied to domains of knowledge, beliefs, values and expertise, such as the empires of Christianity (see Christendom) or Islam (see Caliphate). Imperialism is usually autocratic, and also sometimes monolithic in character. HISTORY OF IMPERIALISM: Imperialism is found in the ancient histories of Assyrian Empire, Chinese Empire, Roman Empire, Greece, the Persian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire (Ottoman wars in Europe), ancient Egypt, and India and a basic component to the conquests of Genghis Khan and other warlords. Although imperialist practices have existed for thousands of years, the term \"\"Age of Imperialism\"\" generally refers to the activities of nations such as the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United States in the late 19th through the middle 20th centuries, e.g. the \"\"Scramble for Africa\"\" and the \"\"Open Door Policy\"\" in China. The word itself is derived from the Latin verb imperare (to command) and the Roman concept of imperium, while the actual term 'Imperialism' was coined in the 16th century, reflecting what are now seen as the imperial policies of Belgium, Britain, France, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Imperialism not only describes colonial, territorial policies, but also economic and/or military dominance and influence. The ideas of imperialism put forward by historians John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson during 19th century European imperialism were influential. They rejected the notion that \"\"imperialism\"\" required formal, legal control by one government over another country. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D3361899#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/political-science\nPolitical science",
"text": "Political science, the systematic study of governance by the application of empirical and generally scientific methods of analysis. As traditionally defined and studied, political science examines the state and its organs and institutions. The contemporary discipline, however, is considerably broader than this, encompassing studies of all the societal, cultural, and psychological factors that mutually influence the operation of government and the body politic. Although political science borrows heavily from the other social sciences, it is distinguished from them by its focus on power —defined as the ability of one political actor to get another actor to do what it wants—at the international, national, and local levels. Political science is generally used in the singular, but in French and Spanish the plural ( sciences politiques and ciencias políticas, respectively) is used, perhaps a reflection of the discipline’s eclectic nature. Although political science overlaps considerably with political philosophy, the two fields are distinct. Political philosophy is concerned primarily with political ideas and values, such as rights, justice, freedom, and political obligation (whether people should or should not obey political authority); it is normative in its approach (i.e., it is concerned with what ought to be rather than with what is) and rationalistic in its method. In contrast, political science studies institutions and behaviour, favours the descriptive over the normative, and develops theories or draws conclusions based on empirical observations, which are expressed in quantitative terms where possible. Although political science, like all modern sciences, involves empirical investigation, it generally does not produce precise measurements and predictions. This has led some scholars to question whether the discipline can be accurately described as a science."
},
{
"docid": "D791742#0",
"title": "http://www.realhistoryww.com/world_history/ancient/Misc/North_Africa/North_African_History.htm\nNorth African History",
"text": "\"\"\"New\"\" DEEP Search All of Realhistory using Keyword or Phrase Ancient Man and His First Civilizations North African History (Excluding Egypt)In many cases, the demographic history of North Africa closely parallels that of the United States: In that Europeans, and in this case Turks also: first colonize, and then the descendants of the colonizers fight a war of liberation from their original homelands, for sole claim to the conquered territories. And as in the Americas, the native populations were massacred, marginalized, impoverished, and relegated to the hinterlands. The difference being that Americans don't claim to be the native and original people. Thus one of the oddities of modern times is found in North Africa: where the Mulattoes, Quadroons, and Octoroons of the White invaders, and even the White invaders themselves: proclaim themselves BERBERS and the INDEGENOUS inhabitants of North AFRICA!! ! To make the ridiculous even more ridiculous; many of these people also practice racial prejudice against Africans IN Africa!In North Africa, many of these people declare themselves Berber under the banner of \"\"Amazigh\"\" possibly meaning \"\"free people\"\" or \"\"free and noble men\"\" (the word has probably an ancient parallel in the Roman name for some of the Berbers, \"\"Mazices\"\"). The Amazigh This has apparently so distressed one actual Berber group - the Touareg: that they are now disavowing their Berber heritage, and are instead proclaiming themselves to be ARABS! ! Touareg February 4, 2011Touareg reject allegations of the Congress Amazigh World (Computer translation of the letter)Link to letter From: Mr. Mansour Mohamed Ali Ag Hudyata his capacity as Chairman of the Assembly of Mali called \"\"Youth Society North of the Republic of Mali\"\", rejects the allegations of the World Amazigh Congress, that the Tuareg people are Amazigh. The Assembly of the Republic of Mali Youth North strongly rejects such nonsense and false stories claimed by Congress Amazigh World through the media that the Tuareg of Mali and Niger, are Amazigh, and stresses that this claim is false is not based on a scientific basis. And that Mr. Belkacem Lyons specializes in chemistry who viewed this trend shameless does not have any historical background to prove this myth, but proven by all history books, trusted that the Tuareg are of Arab descent, and crafts Targi has to do with Arabic calligraphy, this is the asset Targip known since a long time immemorial, and we believe such stories would fall within the Tuareg of the elements of client-related third-party suspicious. And thus confirm and strongly that we will not allow the Congress of the World Amazigh has nothing to do with us as an intervention in our affairs and talk about our origins, this we, children of the Tuareg in Kidal, Gao and Timbuktu, we are proud Bootanna (Mali and Niger) to which we belong, and our religion, Islam, and declare that our is to achieve security and stability, peace and development in the Sahara for the happiness of our peoples and coexistence with the sons of the tribes of the Sahara, and that this is the position of all the Tuareg, who are struggling to achieve, and to work strenuously for it in every time and place."
},
{
"docid": "D738326#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_New_Zealand\nHistory of New Zealand",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Part of a series on the History of New Zealand Timeline General topics Capital city Education Environment LGBTMilitary Postal Voting Prior to 180019th century Pākehā settlers New Zealand Company Musket Wars Treaty of Waitangi British colony New Zealand Wars Land confiscations Women's suffrage Stages of independence Responsible government Dominion status Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947World Wars World War I World War IIPost-war and contemporary history Māori protest movement Rogernomics Nuclear-free zone See also Bibliography List of years in New Zealand New Zealand portalv t e Part of a series on the Culture of New Zealand History [show]People [show]Languages [show]Traditions [show]Cuisine [show]Festivals [show]Religion [show]Art [show]Literature [show]Music and performing arts [show]Media [show]Sport [show]Monuments [show]Symbols [show]New Zealand portalv t e The history of New Zealand dates back at least 700 years to when it was discovered and settled by Polynesians, who developed a distinct Māori culture centred on kinship links and land. The first European explorer to sight New Zealand was Dutch navigator Abel Tasman on 13 December 1642. [ 1] The Dutch were also the first non-natives to explore and chart New Zealand's coastline. Captain James Cook, who reached New Zealand in October 1769 on the first of his three voyages, [2] was the first European explorer to circumnavigate and map New Zealand. From the late 18th century, the country was regularly visited by explorers and other sailors, missionaries, traders and adventurers. In 1840 the Treaty of Waitangi was signed between the British Crown and various Māori chiefs, bringing New Zealand into the British Empire and giving Māori the same rights as British subjects. There was extensive British settlement throughout the rest of the century and into the early part of the next century. War and the imposition of a European economic and legal system led to most of New Zealand's land passing from Māori to Pākehā (European) ownership, and most Māori subsequently became impoverished. [ 3]From the 1890s the New Zealand Parliament enacted a number of progressive initiatives, including women's suffrage and old age pensions. The country remained an enthusiastic member of the British Empire, and 110,000 men fought in World War I (see New Zealand Expeditionary Force )."
},
{
"docid": "D1618450#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Italy\nHistory of Italy",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Part of a series on the History of Italy Ancient [show]Medieval [show]Early modern [show]Modern [show]By topic [show]Timeline Italy portalv t e Part of a series on the Culture of Italy History People Languages Traditions Mythology and folklore [show]Cuisine Festivals Religion Art Literature Music and performing arts [show]Media [show]Sport Monuments [show]Symbols [show]Italy portalv t e In archaic times, ancient Greeks, Etruscans and Celts established settlements in the south, the centre and the north of Italy respectively, while various Italian tribes and Italic peoples inhabitated the Italian peninsula and insular Italy. The Italic tribe of the Latins formed the city of Rome as a Kingdom, which eventually became a Republic that united Italy by the third century BC and emerged as the dominant power of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea as a consequence of the military victories of generals such as Scipio, Aemilius Paullus, Scipio Aemilianus, Gaius Marius, Lucius Sulla, Pompey and Julius Caesar. In 27 BC, Augustus established the Roman Empire and inaugurated the Pax Romana, a period of stability and relative peace in which Italy flourished as the leading cultural, political and economic centre of the known world. The death of the last of the good emperors, Marcus Aurelius, and the crisis of the third century marked the beginning of the decline of Rome. The Empire went through major changes in the following centuries, including the division between a Western and an Eastern half in 284 under Diocletian and the end of the persecutions of Christians with the Edict of Milan of 313 under Constantine . The Bishop of Rome was granted religious primacy with the Edict of Thessalonica in 380 and the West collapsed amid barbarian invasions in 476, when Odoacer deposed Romulus Augustulus. During the early middle ages, the Italian peninsula was conquered by the Goths, the Byzantines and the Lombards, until Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor the day of Christmas of the year 800 in Rome. The Roman Pontiff and the German Emperor became the universal powers of Italy and Europe, but soon entered in conflict for the investiture controversy and the clash between their factions: the Guelphs and Ghibellines. The struggle for power between the Papacy and the Empire led to the decline of Imperial influence in Italy, especially after the Humiliation of Canossa of Emperor Henry IV and the victory of Italian forces over Friedrich Barbarossa in the Battle of Legnano: by the 12th century Italy was organized in independent city-states. The crusades launched by Pope Urban II and his successors proved to be successful for the maritime republics: Italy first experienced the Commercial Revolution, which caused the European economy to shift from agriculture to trade."
},
{
"docid": "D2528974#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italians\nItalians",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For a specific analysis of the population of Italy, see Demographics of Italy. This article contains too many pictures, charts or diagrams for its overall length. Please help to improve this article by removing images that are redundant to the topic or duplicate another image, in accordance with the Manual of Style on use of images. ( December 2017)Italians Italiani Italian national flag Total populationc. 140 million Italian citizens: c. 60 million Italian ancestry: c. 80 million Regions with significant populations Italy c. 55,000,000Brazil 30,000,000 [1]Argentina 20,000,000 [2]United States 17,250,211 [3]Venezuela 1,736,766 [4]Canada 1,587,970 [5]France 1,530,563 [2]Peru 1,400,000 [6]Uruguay 1,055,220 [2]Australia 1,000,006 [7]Germany 861,000 [8]Belgium 451,825 [9]Chile 184,997 [2]United Kingdom 130,000 [10]Spain 124,013 [11]Mexico 85,000 [12]South Africa 77,400 [2]Russia 53,649 [13]Austria 29,287 [14]Albania 19,000 [15]Croatia 17,807 [16]New Zealand 3,795 [17]Czech Republic 3,503 [18]Romania 3,203 [19]Languages Italian and related dialects; Other languages Religion Christianity: Roman Catholicism (predominantly) [20]Related ethnic groups Other Romance peoples, Maltese people, Greek people The Italians ( Italian: Italiani [itaˈljaːni]) are a nation and ethnic group native to Italy, who share a common culture, history, ancestry and language. [ 21] [22] [23] [24] Legally, all Italian nationals are citizens of the Italian Republic, regardless of ancestry or nation of residence (though the principle of jus sanguinis is used extensively and arguably more favourably in the Italian nationality law) and may be distinguished from people of Italian descent without Italian citizenship and from ethnic Italians living in territories adjacent to the Italian Peninsula without Italian citizenship. [ 25] [26] The majority of Italian nationals are native speakers of Standard Italian, though many Italians also speak other languages native to Italy (often colloquially referred to as \"\"Italian dialects \"\"). [ 27] [23] [28]In 2014, in addition to about 55 million Italians in Italy (91% of the Italian national population), [29] Italian-speaking autonomous groups are found in neighbouring nations: about half a million are in Switzerland and a large population is in France, [30] and there are smaller groups in Slovenia and Croatia, primarily in Istria and Dalmatia. Because of the wide-ranging diaspora, about 5 million Italian citizens [31] and nearly 80 million people of full or partial Italian ancestry [32] live outside their own homeland, most notably in parts of Europe bordering Italy, the Americas, Australia and Zealandia. Italians have greatly influenced and contributed to diverse fields, notably the arts and music, science and technology, fashion, cuisine, sports, jurisprudence, banking and business [33] both abroad and worldwide. ["
},
{
"docid": "D711871#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/place/Ontario-province\nOntario",
"text": "Ontario, second largest province of Canada in area, after Quebec. It occupies the strip of the Canadian mainland lying between Hudson and James bays to the north and the St. Lawrence River – Great Lakes chain to the south. It is bordered to the east by the province of Quebec, to the south by the United States, and to the west by the province of Manitoba. The most populous Canadian province, Ontario is home to more than one-third of Canada’s total population. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Rideau Canal and Parliament Buildings, Ottawa. © Creatas/Jupiter Images Ontario Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Ontario is also the nation’s wealthiest province, having a substantial share of the country’s natural resources and its most mature and diversified industrial economy. It is at once Canada’s economic pacemaker and a major force in national politics. To Canadians living outside its boundaries, its preeminent position and the influence of Toronto, the provincial capital, and Ottawa, the national capital, have constituted a not-infrequent source of regional resentment. Area 415,599 square miles (1,076,395 square km). Pop. ("
},
{
"docid": "D588389#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary\nHungary",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the country. For other uses, see Hungary (disambiguation). Coordinates: 47°N 20°EHungary Magyarország ( Hungarian)Flag Coat of arms Anthem: \"\" Himnusz \"\" ( Hungarian) [1]\"\"Hymn\"\"Location of Hungary (dark green)– in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green) – [ Legend]Capital and largest city Budapest47°26′N 19°15′EOfficial language and national language Hungarian [2]Ethnic groups (2011)80.7% Hungarians14.7% not declared3.1% Roma1.3% Germans [3]Religion52.9% Christianity–38.9% Catholicism–13.7% Protestantism–0.1% Orthodox Church0.1% Judaism1.7% other18.2% not religious27.2% unanswered [4]Demonym Hungarian Government Unitary parliamentaryconstitutional republic•President János Áder•Prime Minister Viktor Orbán• Speaker of the National Assembly László Kövér Legislature Országgyűlés (National Assembly)Foundation•Principality of Hungary 895 [5]• Battle of Pressburg 4–6 July 907•Christian Kingdom 25 December 1000 [6]•Golden Bull of 1222 24 April 1222•Battle of Mohács 29 August 1526•Liberation of Buda 2 September 1686•Revolution of 1848 15 March 1848•Austro-Hungarian Empire 20 March 1867•Treaty of Trianon 4 June 1920•Third Republic 23 October 1989•Joined the European Union1 May 2004Area• Total 93,030 [7] km 2 (35,920 sq mi) ( 108th)• Water (%) 0.74%Population• 2017 estimate 9,797,561 [8] ( 92nd)• Density 105.3/km 2 (272.7/sq mi) ( 103rd)GDP ( PPP) 2018 estimate• Total $298.925 billion [9] ( 57th)• Per capita $30,538 [9] ( 45th)GDP (nominal) 2018 estimate• Total $144.307 billion [9] ( 58th)• Per capita $14,742 [9] ( 54th)Gini (2014) 27.9 [10]low · 16th HDI (2015) 0.836 [11]very high · 43rd Currency Forint ( HUF)Time zone CET ( UTC +1)• Summer ( DST) CEST ( UTC +2)Date format yyyy.mm.dd. Drives on the right Calling code +36Patron saint Saint Stephen ISO 3166 code HUInternet TLD .hu and .eu Hungary ( Hungarian: Magyarország [ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ] ( listen)) is a country in Central Europe [2] that covers an area of 93,030 square kilometres (35,920 sq mi) in the Carpathian Basin, bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Austria to the northwest, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, and Slovenia to the west. [ 12] With about 10 million inhabitants, Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union. [ 13] The official language is Hungarian, which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world. [ 14] Hungary's capital and its largest city and metropolis is Budapest, a significant economic hub, classified as a leading global city. [ 15] Major urban areas include Debrecen, Szeged, Miskolc, Pécs and Győr. Following centuries of successive habitation by Celts, Romans, Germanic people, West Slavs, and Avars, the foundation of Hungary was laid in the late 9th century by the Hungarian grand prince Árpád in the conquest of the Carpathian Basin. [ 16] [17] His great-grandson Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000, converting the country to a Christian kingdom."
},
{
"docid": "D2231485#0",
"title": "http://www.123helpme.com/search.asp?text=unification+of+italy\n.",
"text": "\"Title Length Color Rating Unification of Italy - Italy, before its process of revolution began, was mostly ruled by foreign powers and absolute monarchs. The country’s citizens decided they wanted a change in their government and freedom from the many rulers they experienced. In the beginning, the revolt was not organized and resulted in failure until they united and fought as one large group. With the help of some historical revolutionaries such as Mazzini, Garibaldi, Cavour and the combination of multiple independence wars, Italy finally saw a reconstruction of its government and a unification of the nation.... [tags: Austrian Rule, Period of Risorgimento]:: 7 Works Cited1195 words (3.4 pages) Strong Essays [preview]European History - Unification of Italy - Unification of Italy Q: Describe & Explain the Unification of Italy. The Unification of Italy divides in to 3 main stages: 1815-1830: Revolts all over Italy. Revolts are suppressed. 1848-1849: Revolts all over Italy. Revolts are suppressed. 1858-1870: The unification of Italy Introduction To understand the unification of Italy, matters before the revolution need to be examined. Up until 1716, Italy was just a big piece of land divided among small kingdoms of monarchs. ("
},
{
"docid": "D2145105#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rise_of_nationalism_under_the_Ottoman_Empire\nRise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire)navigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( October 2016) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)History of the Ottoman Empire Social structure Court and aristocracy Ottoman court Slavery Devshirme Millets Muslims Christians Armenians Bulgarians Greeks Jews Rise of nationalism Tanzimat Ottomanismv t e The rise of the Western notion of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire eventually caused the breakdown of the Ottoman millet concept. An understanding of the concept of the nationhood prevalent in the Ottoman Empire, which was different from the current one as it was centered on religion, helps us to understand what happened during the decline of the Ottoman Empire. Contents [ hide ]1 Background2 Albanians3 Arabs4 Armenians5 Assyrians6 Bulgarians7 Greeks8 Kurds9 Jews10 Macedonians11 Romanians12 Serbs13 Turks14 See also15 References16 Sources Background [ edit]Main article: Millet (Ottoman Empire)In the Ottoman Empire, the Islamic faith was the official religion, with members holding all rights, as opposed to non-Muslims who were restricted. [ 1] Non-Muslim ( dhimmi) ethno-religious [2] legal groups were identified by different millets, meaning \"\"nations\"\". [ 1]Ideas of nationalism emerged in Europe as a result of the Enlightenment and Romanticism. In the early 19th century most of the Balkans were still under Ottoman rule. The Christian peoples of Serbs and Greeks, under Ottoman yoke for four centuries but nevertheless preserving national counsciousness, rose up and succeeded in obtaining autonomy through the Serbian Revolution of 1804–17 and Greek War of Independence of 1821–29, establishing the Principality of Serbia and Hellenic Republic. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3022736#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ethiopia\nHistory of Ethiopia",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Part of a series on the History of Ethiopia Early history [show]Middle Ages [show]Early modern history [show]Modern history [show]Recent history [show]Topics [show]Ethiopia portalv t e This article covers the prehistory & history of Ethiopia, from emergence as an empire under the Aksumites to its current form as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, as well as the history of other areas in what is now Ethiopia such as the Afar Triangle. The Ethiopian Empire (Abyssinia) was first founded by Ethiopian people] in the Ethiopian Highlands. Due to migration and imperial expansion, it grew to include many other primarily Afro-Asiatic -speaking communities, including Oromos, Amhara, Somalis, Tigray, Afars, Sidama, Gurage, Agaw and Harari, among others. One of the earliest kingdoms to rise to power in the territory was the kingdom of D'mt in the 10th century BC, which established its capital at Yeha. In the first century AD the Aksumite Kingdom rose to power in the Tigray Region with its capital at Aksum and grew into a major power on the Red Sea, subjugating Yemen and Meroe and converting to Christianity in the early fourth century. The Aksumite empire fell into decline with the rise of Islam, forcing the Ethiopians to move south into the highlands for refuge. The Aksumites gave way to the Zagwe Dynasty who established a new capital at Lalibela, before giving way to the Solomonic Dynasty in the 13th century. During the early Solomonic period Ethiopia went through military reforms and imperial expansion that made it dominate the Horn of Africa. Portuguese missionaries arrived at this time. In 1529, a conquest of Abyssinia ( Futuh al-Habash) by the Ottoman -allied Somali Muslim Adal Sultanate devastated the highlands, and was only deterred by a Portuguese intervention."
},
{
"docid": "D1487594#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ivory_Coast\nHistory of Ivory Coast",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Part of a series on the History of Ivory Coast Gyaaman Ashanti Empire French West Africa1960–19991999 coup d'état First Civil War Second Civil War ( Crisis)Ivory Coast portalv t e The date of the first human presence in Ivory Coast (officially called Côte d'Ivoire) has been difficult to determine because human remains have not been well preserved in the country's humid climate. However, the presence of old weapon and tool fragments (specifically, polished axes cut through shale and remnants of cooking and fishing) in the country has been interpreted as a possible indication of a large human presence during the Upper Paleolithic period (15,000 to 10,000 BC), [1] or at the minimum, the Neolithic period. [ 2] The earliest known inhabitants of Côte d'Ivoire, however, have left traces scattered throughout the territory. Historians believe that they were all either displaced or absorbed by the ancestors of the present inhabitants. Peoples who arrived before the 16th century include the Ehotilé ( Aboisso ), Kotrowou ( Fresco ), Zéhiri ( Grand Lahou ), Ega and Diès ( Divo ). [ 3]Contents [ hide ]1 Prehistory and early history2 Trade with Europe and the Americas3 Establishment of French rule4 French colonial era5 Independence6 After Houphouët-Boigny7 First Civil War8 Second Civil War9 See also10 References11 Further reading12 External links Prehistory and early history [ edit]Little is known about the original inhabitants of Côte d'Ivoire. Historians believe that they were all either displaced or absorbed by the ancestors of the present inhabitants. The first recorded history is found in the chronicles of North African Muslim traders, who, from early Roman times, conducted a caravan trade across the Sahara in salt, slaves, gold, and other items. The southern terminals of the trans-Saharan trade routes were located on the edge of the desert, and from there supplemental trade extended as far south as the edge of the rain forest. The more important terminals— Djenné, Gao, and Timbuctu —grew into major commercial centers around which the great Sudanic empires developed."
}
] |
8238 | which of the following blood types is a person whose blood cells were agglutinated | [
{
"docid": "D2943312#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120304112618AAmcWHK\nBlood Question, Type ABO?",
"text": "Science & Mathematics Biology Blood Question, Type ABO? Which of the following blood types is a person whose blood cells were agglutinated by both anti-A serum and anti-B serum, but not by anti-Rh serum? Choose one answer. a. AB negative b. AB positive c. O negative d. O positive e. None of the selections are correct Follow 2 answers Answers Best Answer: a)Anonymous · 6 years ago1 0 Comment I am pretty sure it would lead to O positive.? · 6 years ago0 0 Comment Maybe you would like to learn more about one of these? Get a Master's Degreee Online Consolidate Your Student Loans Need Home Equity Loan Options? Earn your MBA online!"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D522312#0",
"title": "http://www.brainkart.com/article/O-A-B-Blood-Types_19524/\nO-A-B Blood Types",
"text": "Home | SCIENCE | Medical Physiology - | O-A-B Blood Types Previous Page Next Page Medical Physiology: Blood Types; Transfusion; Tissue and Organ Transplantation O-A-B Blood Types Author : Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall Posted On : 27.07.2017 12:09 pm Two antigens—type A and type B—occur on the surfaces of the red blood cells in a large proportion of human beings. O-A-B Blood Types A and B Antigens—Agglutinogens Two antigens—type A and type B—occur on the surfaces of the red blood cells in a large proportion of human beings. It is these antigens (also called agglu-tinogens because they often cause blood cell agglutination) that cause mostblood transfusion reactions. Because of the way these agglutinogens are inher-ited, people may have neither of them on their cells, they may have one, or they may have both simultaneously. Major O-A-B Blood Types. In transfusing blood from one person to another, thebloods of donors and recipients are normally classified into four major O-A-B blood types, as shown in Table 35–1, depending on the presence or absence of the two agglutinogens, the A and B agglutinogens. When neither A nor B agglu-tinogen is present, the blood is type O. When only type A agglutinogen is present, the blood is type A . When only type B agglutinogen is present, the blood is type B. When both A and B agglutinogens are present, the blood is type Aβ. Genetic Determination of the Agglutinogens. Two genes, one on each of two pairedchromosomes, determine the O-A-B blood type."
},
{
"docid": "D3254418#0",
"title": "https://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/bloodtypinggame/2.html\nHow do you determine a patient's blood type?",
"text": "Tutorial 2How do you determine a patient's blood type? You need to know the patient’s blood type in order to make safe blood transfusions. Primarily you try to give the same blood type in a blood transfusion as the patient has got. From Tutorial 1 you know that the blood type notation indicates what antigens there are on the surface of the red blood cells. So, to determine blood type, you need to find out which antigens are present. You can work that out by mixing the patient’s blood with three different reagents containing either of the three antibodies: A, B or Rh. Test tubes containing three different reagents with either A, B or Rh antibodies. The antibodies attach to antigens on the patient's red blood cells if they match. Blood typing procedure:1. Mix!First mix the patient's blood with three different reagents including either of the three different antibodies, A, B or Rh antibodies!2."
},
{
"docid": "D242431#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070225234352AAWjPWF\nHow do we determine blood types? What are the tests done?",
"text": "\"Science & Mathematics Medicine How do we determine blood types? What are the tests done?1 following 4 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: i'm guessing you just want to know how the lab types a patients blood, and less about what a blood type is. to correctly determine the blood type of a patient you do the front type and the back type, for this you obtain a tube of blood from the patient (edta anticoagulant) and spin to separate plasma from the red cells. the front type is determining what antigens are present on the patients red cells. to do this you use specific antibodies (anti-A, anti-B, and anti-D- these are purchased reagents and contain only the antibody listed) and mix with a suspension of the patients red cells. so into a labeled tube you add one drop antibody and one drop patients red cells suspension, spin in a centrifuge and then you gently shake the tube to observe for agglutination (note- this is NOT the same as coagulation). agglutination is just a network of antibodies and antigens and looks like a little red button in the clear liquid. if you observe agglutination in the front type it means that the patient has that specific antigen on their red cells. ( so if you saw a red button with the anti-A reagent, but not with the anti-B or anti-D, the patient is A negative). a back type is always performed as a double check of the front type."
},
{
"docid": "D295215#0",
"title": "http://www.dgward.com/physo101/sm06_pages/labs/Blood%20Analysis%20and%20Hemostasis.htm\nObjective:",
"text": "\"Blood Analysis and Hemostasis Objective: To explain in a short essay or a diagram the importance of hematocrit, hemoglobin determination, clotting time and blood typing, at the level of 85% proficiency for each student. In order to achieve this objective, you will need to be able to:1. Conduct the following blood tests: hematocrit, hemoglobin determination, clotting time, and ABO and RH blood typing and to list the norms and importance of each. Explain the reason for transfusion reactions resulting from the administration of mismatched blood. Materials: General Supply: Models and charts of blood cells Clean microscope slides Sterile lancets Glass stirring rods Alcohol swabs (wipes)Absorbent cotton balls Test tubes Test tube racks Disposable gloves Pipette cleaning solutions-- (1) 10% household bleach solution, (2) distilled water, (3) 70% ethyl alcohol, (4) acetone Bucket or large beaker containing 10% household bleach solution for slide and glassware disposal Disposable autoclave bag Spray bottles containing 10% bleach solution Because many blood tests are conducted in this exercise, separate supply areas are set up for the various tests Hematocrit supply area: Heparinized capillary tubes Micro-hematocrit centrifuge and reading gauge (if the reading gauge is not available, millimeter ruler may be used)Seal-ease (Clay Adams Co.) or modeling clay Hemoglobin determination supply area: Sahli hemoglobin hemometer kit Mechanical suction device Coagulation time supply area: Capillary tubes (non-heparinized)Fine triangular file Blood typing supply area: Blood typing sera (anti-A, anti-B, and anti-Rh [D])Rh typing box Wax marker Toothpicks Clean microscope slides Group Materials:microscope Hematocrit The hematocrit, or packed cell volume (PCV), is routinely determined when anemia is suspected. Centrifuging whole blood spins the formed elements to the bottom of the tube, with plasma forming the top layer. Since the blood cell population is primarily RBCs, the PCV is generally considered equivalent to the RBC volume, and this is the only value reported. However, the relative percentage of WBCs can be differentiated, and both WBC and plasma volume will be reported here. Normal hematocrit values for the male and female, respectively, are 47.0 ± 7 and 42.0 ± 5. Methods: The hematocrit is determined by the micro-method, so only a drop of blood is needed."
},
{
"docid": "D1326164#0",
"title": "https://clinicalgate.com/agglutination-methods/\nAgglutination Methods",
"text": "\"Agglutination Methods Published on 09/02/2015 by admin Filed under Allergy and Immunology Last modified 09/02/2015Print this page Rate this post : rate 1 star rate 2 star rate 3 star rate 4 star rate 5 star This article have been viewed 3906 times Tweet Chapter 10Agglutination Methods Principles of Agglutination Latex Agglutination Pregnancy Testing Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Agglutination Inhibition Procedure: Pregnancy Latex Slide Agglutination Alternate Procedural Protocols Flocculation Tests Direct Bacterial Agglutination Hemagglutination Mechanisms of Agglutination Methods of Enhancing Agglutination Graded Agglutination Reactions Microplate Agglutination Reactions Case Study Questions Critical Thinking Group Discussion Questions Procedure: ABO Blood Grouping (Reverse Grouping)Chapter Highlights Review Questions Bibliography Learning Objectives At the conclusion of this chapter, the reader should be able to:• Describe the principles of agglutination.• Identify and compare the characteristics of agglutination methods.• Explain methods for enhancing agglutination.• Describe the characteristics of graded agglutination reactions.• Discuss the principles of pregnancy testing, including sources of error.• Analyze a case study.• Correctly answer case study related multiple choice questions.• Be prepared to participate in a discussion of critical thinking questions.• Explain agglutination reactions of the ABO blood group procedure.• Describe the principle and sources of error of the ABO blood group procedure.• Correctly answer end of chapter review questions. KEY TERMSagglutinationantigenic determinantsantihuman globulin (AHG)antiserachimerismcoagglutinationconjugatedelutionflocculation testshemagglutinationhuman chorionic gonadotropin (h CG)in vitro agglutination inhibitionisoagglutininslattice hypothesisliposome-enhancedpostzone phenomenonprecipitationprecipitinsprozone phenomenonpseudoagglutinationreagentrouleaux formationsteric hindrancezeta potentialzone of equivalence Principles of Agglutination Precipitation and agglutination are the visible expression of the aggregation of antigens and antibodies through the formation of a framework in which antigen particles or molecules alternate with antibody molecules ( Fig. 10-1 ). Precipitation is the term for the aggregation of soluble test antigens. Precipitation is the combination of soluble antigen with soluble antibody to produce a visible insoluble complex. Agglutination is the process whereby specific antigens (e.g., red blood cells) aggregate to form larger visible clumps when the corresponding specific antibody is present in the serum. Figure 10-1 Agglutination patterns. A, Slide agglutination of bacteria with known antisera or known bacteria. Left, Positive reaction; right, negative reaction. B, Tube agglutination."
},
{
"docid": "D633991#0",
"title": "https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/lab-manual/chpt09-id-characterization-hi.html\nChapter 9: Identification and Characterization of Haemophilus influenzae",
"text": "Printer friendly version [19 pages]H. influenzae are small, pleomorphic, gram-negative bacilli or coccobacilli with random arrangements. H. influenzae is a fastidious organism which grows best at 35-37°C with ~5% CO 2 (or in a candle-jar) and requires hemin (X factor) and nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide (NAD, also known as V factor) for growth. The standard medium used for growth of H. influenzae is a chocolate agar plate (CAP), which can be prepared with heat-lysed horse blood, a good source of both hemin and NAD, although sheep blood can also be used. Growth occurs on a CAP because NAD is released from the blood during the heating process of chocolate agar preparation (the heating process also inactivates growth inhibitors) and hemin is available from non-hemolyzed as well as hemolyzed blood cells. Alternatively, NAD can be included as a component of liquid H. influenzae growth media supplements, (available commercially or prepared in the laboratory), which are incorporated into the chocolate agar. H. influenzae appear as large, round, smooth, convex, colorless-to-grey, opaque colonies on a CAP ( Figure 1 ). Encapsulated strains appear more mucoidal than non-encapsulated strains, which appear as smaller, compact grey colonies. No hemolysis or discoloration of the CAP is apparent. While H. influenzae produce a pungent indol smell, plates should not be opened in order to smell the cultures. H. influenzae cannot grow on an unsupplemented BAP."
},
{
"docid": "D2208756#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_group_antigen\nBlood type",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Blood group antigen)navigation search For other uses, see Blood type (disambiguation). \"\" Type O\"\" redirects here. It is not to be confused with type 0. Blood type (or blood group) is determined, in part, by the ABO blood group antigens present on red blood cells. A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence and absence of antibodies and also based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group system. Some of these antigens are also present on the surface of other types of cells of various tissues. Several of these red blood cell surface antigens can stem from one allele (or an alternative version of a gene) and collectively form a blood group system. [ 1] Blood types are inherited and represent contributions from both parents. A total of 35 human blood group systems are now recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT). ["
},
{
"docid": "D2466611#0",
"title": "http://www.biologydiscussion.com/genetics/multiple-alleles/multiple-alleles-meaning-characteristics-and-examples-genes/35452\nMultiple Alleles: Meaning, Characteristics and Examples | Genes",
"text": "Multiple Alleles: Meaning, Characteristics and Examples | Genes Article Shared by ADVERTISEMENTS: In this article we will discuss about: 1. Meaning of Multiple Alleles 2. Characteristics of Multiple Alleles 3. Examples 4. Theories of Allelism 5. Importance of Allelism. Meaning of Multiple Alleles: The word allele is a general term to denote the alternative forms of a gene or contrasting gene pair that denote the alternative form of a gene is called allele. These alleles were previously considered by Bateson as hypothetical partner in Mendelian segregation. In Mendelian inheritance a given locus of chromosome was occupied by 2 kinds of genes, i.e., a normal gene (for round seed shape) and other its mutant recessive gene (wrinkled seed shape). But it may be possible that normal gene may show still many mutations in pea besides the one for wrinkledness."
},
{
"docid": "D2943315#0",
"title": "http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/b/Blood_type.htm\nBlood type",
"text": "\"Blood type Related subjects: Health and medicine About this schools Wikipedia selection SOS Children has tried to make Wikipedia content more accessible by this schools selection. Click here for more information on SOS Children. Blood type (or blood group) is determined, in part, by the ABO blood group antigens present on red blood cells. A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group system, and some of these antigens are also present on the surface of other types of cells of various tissues. Several of these red blood cell surface antigens, that stem from one allele (or very closely linked genes), collectively form a blood group system. Blood types are inherited and represent contributions from both parents. A total of 29 human blood group systems are now recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT). Many pregnant women carry a fetus with a different blood type from their own, and the mother can form antibodies against fetal RBCs. Sometimes these maternal antibodies are Ig G, a small immunoglobulin, which can cross the placenta and cause hemolysis of fetal RBCs, which in turn can lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn, an illness of low fetal blood counts which can be temporary or treatable, but can occasionally be severe."
},
{
"docid": "D1149249#0",
"title": "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081222183659AA1jg6l\nWhat happens if you are given the wrong blood group during transfusion?",
"text": "\"Health Diseases & Conditions Infectious Diseases What happens if you are given the wrong blood group during transfusion?3 following 10 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: your blood will agglutinate. MEDO · 9 years ago1 2 Comment For a blood transfusion to be successful, AB0 and Rh blood groups must be compatible between the donor blood and the patient blood. If they are not, the red blood cells from the donated blood will clump or agglutinate. The agglutinated red cells can clog blood vessels and stop the circulation of the blood to various parts of the body. The agglutinated red blood cells also crack and its contents leak out in the body. The red blood cells contain hemoglobin which becomes toxic when outside the cell. This can have fatal consequences for the patient. The A antigen and the A antibodies can bind to each other in the same way that the B antigens can bind to the B antibodies. This is what would happen if, for instance, a B blood person receives blood from an A blood person. The red blood cells will be linked together, like bunches of grapes, by the antibodies.scat201 · 9 years ago1 0 Comment When you speak of \"\"wrong group\"\" it is generally understood to be speaking about the ABO blood group antigens."
},
{
"docid": "D1087080#0",
"title": "http://anthro.palomar.edu/blood/Rh_system.htm\n.",
"text": "Rh Blood Types Rh blood types were discovered in 1940 by Karl Landsteiner and Alexander Wiener. This was 40 years after Landsteiner had discovered the ABO blood groups. Over the last half century, we have learned far more about the processes responsible for Rh types. This blood group may be the most complex genetically of all blood type systems since it involves 45 different antigens on the surface of red cells that are controlled by 2 closely linked genes on chromosome 1. The Rh system was named after rhesus monkeys, since they were initially used in the research to make the antiserum for typing blood samples. If the antiserum agglutinates your red cells, you are Rh+ . If it doesn't, you are Rh- . Despite its actual genetic complexity, the inheritance of this trait usually can be predicted by a simple conceptual model in which there are two alleles, D and d. Individuals who are homozygous dominant (DD) or heterozygous (Dd) are Rh+. Those who are homozygous recessive (dd) are Rh- (i.e., they do not have the key Rh antigens). Clinically, the Rh factor, like ABO factors, can lead to serious medical complications."
},
{
"docid": "D471247#0",
"title": "https://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/landsteiner/readmore.html\nBlood Groups, Blood Typing and Blood Transfusions",
"text": "\"Blood Groups, Blood Typing and Blood Transfusions The discovery of blood groups Experiments with blood transfusions, the transfer of blood or blood components into a person's blood stream, have been carried out for hundreds of years. Many patients have died and it was not until 1901, when the Austrian Karl Landsteiner discovered human blood groups, that blood transfusions became safer. Mixing blood from two individuals can lead to blood clumping or agglutination. The clumped red cells can crack and cause toxic reactions. This can have fatal consequences. Karl Landsteiner discovered that blood clumping was an immunological reaction which occurs when the receiver of a blood transfusion has antibodies against the donor blood cells. Karl Landsteiner's work made it possible to determine blood groups and thus paved the way for blood transfusions to be carried out safely. For this discovery he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1930. What is blood made up of? An adult human has about 4–6 liters of blood circulating in the body."
},
{
"docid": "D8434#0",
"title": "https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/anatomy-2-test-1-review/deck/3208759\nAnatomy 2 Test 1 Review",
"text": "Which is NOT a function of a hormone? Produces electrolytes When a hormone is present in excessive levels, the number of target-cell receptors maydecrease**. This is calleddown-regulation. A type of hormone that acts on neighboring cells without entering the bloodstream.1. Local hormone2. Paracrine3. Autocrine4. Circulating hormone Both 1 and 2 (Local and Paracrine)Which of the following are a group of lipid-soluble hormones derived from cholesterol? Steroids Which of the following is an eicosanoid? 1. Prostaglandin2."
},
{
"docid": "D2420240#0",
"title": "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/clonotypic+antibody\nAntibody",
"text": "\"Antibody (redirected from clonotypic antibody) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia. Related to clonotypic antibody: constant regionantibody [ an´tĭ-bod″e] an immunoglobulin molecule having a specific amino acid sequence that gives each antibody theability to adhere to and interact only with the antigen that induced its synthesis. This antigen-specific property of the antibody is the basis of the antigen-antibody reaction that is essential to an immune response. The antigen-antibody reaction begins as soon as substances interpreted as foreign invaders gain entrance into the body. See also immunity. Abbreviated Ab. Antibodies are synthesized by the plasma cells formed when antigen-specific groups ( clones) of B lymphocytes respond to the presence of antigen. The developmental process of antibody productionbegins when stem cells are transformed into B lymphocytes; this transformation usually is completed a few months after birth, at which time the lymphocytes migrate to lymphoid tissueprimarily located in the lymph nodes, although they are also found in the spleen, gastrointestinaltract, and bone marrow. Antibody production, its interaction with a specific antigen, and the activation of complement (C), an interrelated group of eleven proteins, are the major components of the humoral system of immunity. Antibody-mediated immunity."
},
{
"docid": "D341363#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_type\nBlood type",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Blood type (disambiguation). \"\" Type O\"\" redirects here. It is not to be confused with type 0. Blood type (or blood group) is determined, in part, by the ABO blood group antigens present on red blood cells. A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence and absence of antibodies and also based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group system. Some of these antigens are also present on the surface of other types of cells of various tissues. Several of these red blood cell surface antigens can stem from one allele (or an alternative version of a gene) and collectively form a blood group system. [ 1] Blood types are inherited and represent contributions from both parents. A total of 35 human blood group systems are now recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT). ["
},
{
"docid": "D2644874#0",
"title": "http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/93/12/4418?sso-checked=true\nNormal Human Serum Contains Natural Antibodies Reactive With Autologous ABO Blood Group Antigens",
"text": "Current Issue First Edition Collections All Issues Abstracts Video Library Normal Human Serum Contains Natural Antibodies Reactive With Autologous ABO Blood Group Antigens Sergio H. Spalter, Srini V. Kaveri, Emmanuelle Bonnin, Jean-Claude Mani, Jean-Pierre Cartron and Michel D. Kazatchkine Blood 1999 93:4418-4424;Article Figures & Data Info & Metrics e-Letters PDFAbstract It is widely accepted that the serum of healthy individuals contains natural antibodies only against those blood group A or B antigens that are not expressed on the individual’s red blood cells. The mechanisms involved in tolerance to autologous blood group antigens remain unclear. In the present study, we show that Ig M and Ig G antibodies reactive with autologous blood group antigens are present in the immunoglobulin fraction of normal human serum. Natural Ig G anti-A antibodies purified by affinity chromatography from Ig G of individuals of blood group A exhibited an affinity for A trisaccharide antigen in the micromolar range and agglutinated A red cells at sixfold higher concentrations than those required for agglutination with affinity-purified anti-A Ig G of individuals of blood group B. Whereas autoantibodies reactive with self A and B antigens are readily detected in purified Ig G and Ig M fractions, their expression is restricted in whole serum as a result of complementary interactions between variable regions of antibodies. These observations suggest that tolerance to autologous ABO blood group antigens is dependent on peripheral control of antibody autoreactivity. T HE PRESENCE OF antibodies directed against A and B alloantigens pre-existing in the serum of naive individuals before transfusion has been recognized for several decades. 1 It has been considered that because ABO histo-blood group antigens are oligosaccharides commonly occurring in nature, individuals of blood group A become immunized to type-B carbohydrate antigen present in the bacterial environment, although they remain tolerant to A antigens. 2 Thus, anti-A antibodies are found in the serum of group O and B individuals and anti-B antibodies are found in the serum of group O and A individuals. Group AB individuals are believed not to have anti-A nor anti-B antibodies because they express both antigens on their red cells. Natural antibodies, ie, antibodies produced in the absence of overt antigenic stimulation, have been recognized in the serum of healthy individuals."
},
{
"docid": "D1916941#0",
"title": "http://www.microbiologybook.org/mobile/m.immuno-7.htm\n.",
"text": "\"MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY MOBILESelect the desired text size (persisted using cookies): Original text size MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY MOBILE - IMMUNOLOGY CHAPTER SEVENIMMUNOGLOBULINS- ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTIONS AND SELECTED TESTSI. NATURE OF ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTIONSA. Lock and Key Concept The combining site of an antibody is located in the Fab portion of the molecule and is constructed from the hypervariable regions of the heavy and light chains. X-Ray crystallography studies of antigen-antibody interactions show that the antigenic determinant nestles in a cleft formed by the combining site of the antibody as illustrated in Figure 1. Thus, our concept of antigen-antibody reactions is one of a key (i.e. the antigen) which fits into a lock (i.e. the antibody). B. Non-covalent Bonds The bonds that hold the antigen to the antibody combining site are all non-covalent in nature. These include hydrogen bonds, electrostatic bonds, Van der Waals forces and hydrophobic bonds. Multiple bonding between the antigen and the antibody ensures that the antigen will be bound tightly to the antibody. C. Reversibility Since antigen-antibody reactions occur via non-covalent bonds, they are by their nature reversible. II."
},
{
"docid": "D967222#0",
"title": "http://www.dadamo.com/txt/index.pl?3011\nLectins and Mitogens",
"text": "\"PETER J. D'ADAMOOriginally published in the Townsend Letter For Doctors, August 1990Copyright 1990-2009, All rights reserved Introduction Lectins are proteins commonly found In foods of high nutritional value. Typically, lectins interact with glycoprotein, glycolipid or oligosaccharide residues on the cell surface, causing a variety of effects including: blastogenesis (rapid cell reproduction), agglutination and receptor agonism. The mucin-rich gut wall is especially prone to direct reactions with lectin-containing foods in the diet. Lectins (from the Latin legate, to pick or choose) were first identified in 1888 by Stillmark at the University of Dorpat in Estonia. While investigating the toxic effects on blood of castor bean extract ( Ricinus communis) he noticed that the red cells were being agglutinated. He isolated the material responsible for the agglutination and called it ricin. Shortly afterward at the same university Helfin discovered that the toxic extract of the seed Abrus precatoris also caused cells to clump together. This new agglutinin was called abrin. This immediately caught the attention of the German bacteriologist Ehrlich who recognized that he could investigate certain immunologic problems with them rather than the then popular bacterial toxins. With these two agglutinins some of the most basic principles of immunology were discovered, such as antibody specificity and species specificity."
},
{
"docid": "D3458680#0",
"title": "http://www.slideshare.net/zs4033bn/blood-typing-analysis-16470620\nBlood typing analysis",
"text": "Blood typing analysis18,614 views Share Like Download...zs4033bn Follow Published on Feb 11, 20130 Comments1 Like Statistics Notes Post Be the first to comment Blood typing analysis1. Name: Zach Date: 2/8/2013 Analysis Table 1 Anti-A Serum Anti-B Serum Anti-Rh Serum Blood Type Slide 1- Mrs. Smith Agglutilation No Agglutilation Agglutilation A Slide 2- Mr. Jones No agglutilation Agglutilation No agglutilation BSlide 3- Mr. Green Agglutilation Agglutilation Agglutilation ABSlide 4- Ms. Brown No agglutilation No agglutilation No agglutilation O1) Choose one of the following patients: a) Mr. Smith, Mr. Jones, Mr. Green, Ms. Brown= Mr. Green b) Using the information shown in Figure 1 on Blood type and the data recorded in Table 1, What agglutinogens are present on the patient’s RBC’s? A and B c) What ABO agglutinin (s) is/are found in the patient’s Plasma? Neither anti-A or anti-B d) What is the patient’s blood type? AB e) If this patient needed a transfusion, what blood type (s) could this patient safely receive? O, A, B, AB f) What blood type (s) could safely receive this patient’s blood? AB2) Below is the information representing the blood type analysis of a new patient (patient X). From the information obtained, fill out the medical technologist report. A: Agglutination Medical technologist’s report B: No Agglutination ABO Type: Anti-B Rh: Agglutination Rh Type: Rh+3) Compare and Contrast agglutinogens and agglutinins. In the diagram show at least 2 similarities and 2 differences."
},
{
"docid": "D1326165#0",
"title": "https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/slide+agglutination+test\nagglutination",
"text": "\"agglutination (redirected from slide agglutination test) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Encyclopedia. Related to slide agglutination test: latex agglutination test, tube agglutination testagglutination [ ah-gloo″tĭ-na´shun] 1. the action of an agglutinant substance.2. the clumping together in suspension of antigen-bearing cells, microorganisms, or particles in the presence of specific antibodies ( agglutinins). Agglutination reactions. From Applegate, 2000.3. the process of union of the surfaces of a wound. adj., adj agglutina´tive.cross agglutination the agglutination of particulate antigen by an antibody raised against a different but related antigen; see also group agglutination.group agglutination agglutination, usually to a lower titer, of various members of a group of biologically related organisms by an agglutinin specific for one of that group. For instance, thespecific agglutinin of typhoid bacilli may agglutinate other members of the colon-typhoid group,such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis.intravascular agglutination clumping of particulate elements within the blood vessels; usedconventionally to denote red blood cell agglutination.platelet agglutination the clumping together of platelets owing to the action of platelet agglutinins; such agglutinins are important in platelet typing.agglutination test any test based on an agglutination reaction, as serologic tests for specificantibodies."
}
] |
8246 | which of the following has a symbiotic associations between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner? | [
{
"docid": "D355828#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/A_lichen_is_a_symbiotic_association_between\nWhat protists are symbiotic with fungus in lichen?",
"text": "What protists are symbiotic with fungus in lichen? Almost all protists and fungi are symbiotic with lichens. Theserelationships are usually either parasitism or mutualism dependingon the environment. Aananda1993 144 Contributions Describe the symbiotic relationship that enables a lichen to exist? A lichen is a symbiosis between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner such as a green alga, a cyanobacterium, or both. The fungus absorbs minerals and other nutrients from roc …Arpita Dhody 1 Contribution What symbiotic relationship is the lichen in?some organisms live together and share shelter and nutrients, this is called symbiotic relationship. in organisms like lichens a chlorophyll- containing partner which is an al …Lichens exhibit what type of Symbiotic Relationship?no one knows A lichen is a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and?a photosynthetic partner A lichen is a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and what?photosynthetic algae A symbiotic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner such as a green alga?lichen What does an associated alga provide to a lichen? Hindi ku alam ! wla lng hahaha ! PINOY PRIDEA symbiotic association between a fungus and an alga or a cyanobacterium is a?"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D3307140#0",
"title": "http://www.biologyjunction.com/fungi_notes_b1.htm\nfungi notes b1",
"text": "fungi notes b1Fungi All Materials © Cmassengale Characteristics Eukaryotic Do not contain chlorophyll Nonphotosynthetic Absorptive heterotrophs – digest food first & then absorb it into their bodies Release digestive enzymes to break down organic material or their host Store food energy as glycogen Most are saprobes – live on other dead organisms Important decomposers & recyclers of nutrients in the environment Most are multicellular, but some unicellular like yeast Some are internal or external parasites; a few are predators that capture prey Nonmotile Lack true roots, stems, & leaves Cell walls are made of chitin (a complex polysaccharide)Grow as microscopic tubes or filaments called hyphae that contain cytoplasm & nuclei Hyphal networks are called mycelium Some are edible Reproduce by sexual & asexual spores Antibiotic penicillin comes from Penicillium mold Classified by their sexual reproductive structures Grow best in warm, moist environments preferring shade Mycology – study of fungi Fungicide – chemicals used to kill fungi Includes yeasts, molds, mushrooms, ringworm, puffballs, rusts, smuts, etc. Fungi may have evolved from prokaryotes by endosymbiosis Vegetative (nonreproductive) Structures of Fungi Body of a fungus made of tiny filaments or tubes called hyphae Hyphae contain cytoplasm & nuclei and has a cell wall of chitin HYPHAEEach hyphae is one continuous cell Hyphae continually grow & branch Septum (septa-plural) are cross walls with pores to allow the movement of cytoplasm in hyphae Hyphae with septa are called septate hyphae Hyphae without septa are called coenocytic hyphae Tangled mats of hyphae are known as mycelium All hyphae within a mycelium share the same cytoplasm so materials move quickly Hyphae grow rapidly from the tips by cell division Stolon is a horizontal hyphae that connects groups of hyphae to each other Rhizoids are rootlike parts of hyphae that anchor the fungus Reproductive Structures Most fungi reproduce asexually & sexually Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical organisms & is the most common method used Sexual reproduction in fungi occurs when nutrients or water are scarce Fruiting bodies are modified hyphae that make asexual spores Fruiting bodies consist of an upright stalk or sporangiophore with a sac containing spores called the sporangium SPORANGIOPHORESTypes of fruiting bodies include basidia, sporangia, & ascus Spores – haploid cells with dehydrated cytoplasm & a protective coat capable of developing into new individuals Wind, animals, water, & insects spread spores When spore lands on moist surface, new hyphae form Asexual Reproduction in Fungi Fungi reproduce asexually when environmental conditions are favorable Some unicellular fungi reproduce by mitosis Yeast cells reproduce by budding where a part of the cell pinches off to produce more yeast cells Athlete’s foot fungus reproduce by fragmentation from a small piece of mycelium Most fungi reproduce asexually by spores Penicillium mold produces spores called conidia without a protective sac on the top of a stalk called the conidiophore Sexual Reproduction in Fungi Fungi reproduce sexually when environmental conditions are unfavorable No male or female fungi Two mating types — plus (+) and minus (-)Fertilization occurs when (+) hyphae fuse with (-) hyphae to form a 2N or diploid zygote Some fungi show dimorphism (ability to change their form in response to their environmental conditions)Classification of Fungi Fungi are classified by their reproductive structures The 4 phyla of fungi are Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, & Deuteromycota Zygomycota Called sporangium fungi or common molds Includes molds & blights such as Rhizopus stolonifer (bread mold)No septa in hyphae ( coenocytic)Asexual reproductive structure called sporangium & produces sporangiospores Rhizoids anchor the mold, release digestive enzymes, & absorb food Asexual reproductive structure called sporangium & produces sporangiospores Sexual spore produced by conjugation when (+) hyphae & (-) fuse is called zygospore Zygospores can endure harsh environments until conditions improve & new sporangium Basidiomycota Called club fungi Includes mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, bracket fungi, shelf fungi, stinkhorns, rusts, & smuts Some are used as food (mushroom) & others cause crop damage (rusts & smuts)Seldom reproduce asexually Basdiocarp made up of stalk called the stipe & a flattened cap Stipe may have a skirt like ring below cap called the annulus Gills are found on the underside of the cap & are lined with basidia Basidium – sexual reproductive structure that make basidiospores Basidiospores are released from the gills & germinate to form new hyphae & mycelia Vegetative structures found below ground & include rhizoids (anchor & absorb nutrients), hyphae, & mycelia Ascomycota Called sac fungi Includes yeast, cup fungi, truffles, powdery mildew, & morels Some are parasites causing Dutch elm disease & chestnut blight Sac Fungi can reproduce both sexually and asexually Yeast reproduce asexually by budding (form small, bud-like cells that break off & make more yeasts)Asexual spores called conidia form on the tips of specialized hyphae called condiophores Ascocarp – specialized hyphae formed by parent fungi during sexual reproduction Ascus – sacs within the ascocarp that form spores called ascospores Lichens Symbiotic association between a sac fungus & a photosynthetic green algae or cyanobacteria Both organisms benefit (algae makes food & fungus supplies moisture, shelter, & anchorage)Grow on rocks, trees, buildings, etc. & help form soil Crustose lichens grow on rocks & trees; fructose lichens grow shrub-like; foliose lichens grow mat-like on the soil Mycorrhizae Symbiotic association of a fungus living on plant roots Most plants have mycorrhizae on their roots Fungus absorbs sugars made by plant Plants absorb more water & minerals with aid of the fungus Importance of Fungi Fungal spores cause allergies Molds, mildew, rusts, & smuts damage crops Yeasts are used to make beer & bread Antibiotic penicillin Decomposers & recyclers of nutrients Mushrooms eaten as food Help form blue cheeses Aspergillus is used to make soy sauce Cause athlete’s foot & ringworm Amanita is poisonous mushroom Can cause yeast infections"
},
{
"docid": "D481319#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_algae\nGreen algae",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Green algae Stigeoclonium, a chlorophyte green alga genus Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Included groups Mesostigmatophyceae Chlorokybophyceae Chlorophyta Charophyta Cladistically included but traditionally excluded groups Embryophyta The green algae (singular: green alga) are a large, informal grouping of algae consisting of the Chlorophyte and Charophyte / Streptophyta, which are now placed in separate divisions, as well as the more basal Mesostigmatophyceae and Chlorokybophyceae. [ 1]The land plants, or embryophytes, are thought to have emerged from the charophytes. [ 2] Therefore, cladistically, embryophytes belong to green algae as well. However, because the embryophytes are traditionally classified as neither algae nor green algae, green algae are a paraphyletic group. Since the realization that the embryophytes emerged from within the green algae, some authors are starting to include them. [ 3] [4] [5] [6] The clade that includes both green algae and embryophytes is monophyletic and is referred to as the clade Viridiplantae and as the kingdom Plantae. The green algae include unicellular and colonial flagellates, most with two flagella per cell, as well as various colonial, coccoid and filamentous forms, and macroscopic, multicellular seaweeds. There are about 8,000 species of green algae. [ 7] Many species live most of their lives as single cells, while other species form coenobia (colonies), long filaments, or highly differentiated macroscopic seaweeds. A few other organisms rely on green algae to conduct photosynthesis for them."
},
{
"docid": "D1362322#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070413043146AA44fQc\nCan u tell me 2 differences as well as similarities between saprophytic and parasytic mode of nutrition?",
"text": "\"Science & Mathematics Biology Can u tell me 2 differences as well as similarities between saprophytic and parasytic mode of nutrition? Follow 4 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: I have an uncommon answer to your unusual question. saprophytes probably utilize components from decayed organism is ways we have yet to comprehend. I can imagine that saprophytes can convert a usefulness out of rot, because they have DNA that gets \"\"aroused\"\" by decay. Remember that in a dead cell (apoptotic), just about everything is changed, chewed up in to small pieces, and is marked with a \"\"death\"\" tag. Maybe the \"\"death\"\" tag is the perfect molecule to curl up into and breed new life forms. Perhaps death is the \"\"salt and vinegar\"\" potato chip for some organisms. Philosophically, its not hard to imagine a niche for saprophytes, since scientists believe that everything dies. Wow, what a huge food source to take advantage of. So if the glass is totally full, why not take advantage?"
},
{
"docid": "D930195#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_does_a_lichen_demonstrate_mutualism\nHow does a lichen demonstrate mutualism?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Biology Botany or Plant Biology How does a lichen demonstrate mutualism? Flag How does a lichen demonstrate mutualism? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. Mutualism is a symbioses where both partners (symbionts) gain fitness (+/+). Fitness is the success of reproduction of an organism with 1 = breeding and 0 = not breeding. The symbionts that constitute Lichens are a fungus (mycobiont) and alga (photobiont). The association has allowed the lichen fungi and lichen alga to thrive in areas neither could survive in alone and successfully avoid competition. Specifically the fungus gains energy from the photobiont and the alga gains protection from radiation and desiccation which prevents drying out and may be able to obtain salts from the mycobiont. As both smbionts have gained the relationship is considered to be mutualistic. However, it could be argued that the relationship is controlled parasitic as the photobiont is 'incarcerated' by the mycobiont and not a partner.1 person found this useful Was this answer useful?"
},
{
"docid": "D2185133#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/61534954/modules-94-97-fungi-flash-cards/\nModules 94-97 Fungi",
"text": "41 terms Ayeshum_Rasool Modules 94-97 Fungi Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Defining Fungi There may be as many as 1.5 million fungal species -Single-celled or multicellular -Sexual or asexual reproduction -Extract and absorb nutrients from surroundings (dead things) Animal and fungi last shared a common ancestor 460 MYA Some debate on timing General Biology of the Fungi Multicellular fungi consist of long, slender filaments called hyphae -Cytoplasm flows throughout hyphae and allows rapid growth under good conditions Mycelium - mass of connected hyphae Fungal cell walls include chitin-provides rigidity -Also found in the hard shells (exoskeletons) of arthropods Reproduction in Fungi Capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction Spores are the most common means of reproduction among fungi -Most are dispersed by the wind Fungi Nutriton Sets kingdom apart. Obtain food by secreting digestive enzymes (proteins that allow reactions to happen) into surroundings that allow for breakdown of carbon containing molecules they absorb. Then absorb the organic molecules produced by this external digestion (from environment). Fungi can break down cellulose and lignin Decompose wood Some fungi are carnivorous. -Chytrids, Zygomycetes, Glomeromycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes Fungi: Chytridiomycota Chytridiomycetes or chytrids Aquatic, flagellated fungi. Smaller, less evolved. Can't see without microscope. Closely related to ancestral fungi Have motile zoospores- important because they live in aquatic envrionment."
},
{
"docid": "D2633609#0",
"title": "http://aventalearning.com/content168staging/2007BiologyB/unit7/section5_5.html\n.",
"text": "Biology : Symbiotic Fungal Associations: Lichens and Mycorrhizae: Part Five Symbiotic Fungal Associations: Lichens and Mycorrhizae Lichens are a symbiosis between a photosynthetic organism (an alga or cyanobacterium) and a fungus (either an ascomycete or a basidiomycete). Lichen often live in marginal environments and often grow only one or two centimeters per year. Historically this symbiosis has been considered an example of mutualism, where both organisms benefit and the association harms neither. Structure of a lichen. Examples of lichens Lichens have long been recognized as useful organisms for humans. Certain species of lichen are now recognized as indicators of environmental pollution, other types of lichens have been used to make natural dyes by indigenous people, or even to make poison-tipped arrowheads. Because they often live in marginal habitats, lichens have had to develop chemical defenses, making them prime targets for natural antibiotic research. One estimate places half of lichen species as possessing some sort of antibiotic chemicals. Some lichen are even edible, although many others are harmful if eaten, so extreme caution should be used if investigating edible fungi. Mycorrhizae are fungi (usually a zygomycete or basidiomycete) symbiotic with the roots of plants."
},
{
"docid": "D3307141#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/5454343/fungi-flash-cards/\nFungi",
"text": "112 terms skyrunnerscm21Fungi Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Are fungi eukaryotic or prokaryotic? eukaryotic What is something they do not contain that plants have? chlorophyll Are fungi photosynthetic? no What type of heterotrophs are they? absorptive heterotrophs What are absorptive heterotrophs? they digest food outside of their body, then absorb it into their bodies How do fungi break down the food outside of their bodies? release digestive enzymes to break down organic material or their host What do fungi store their food as? glycogen What are most fungi?"
},
{
"docid": "D355826#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiosis_in_lichens\nSymbiosis in lichens",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Schematic cross section of lichen, a symbiosis between green algae and a fungus. 1. Thick layers of hyphae, called the cortex 2. Green algae 3. Loosely packed hyphae 4. Anchoring hyphae called rhizines. \"\" Lichens are fungi that have discovered agriculture\"\" - Trevor Goward [1]Symbiosis in lichens is the mutually helpful symbiotic relationship of green algae and/or blue-green algae ( cyanobacteria) living among filaments of a fungus, forming lichen. [ 1] [2] [3] The algae or cyanobacteria benefit their fungal partner by producing organic carbon compounds through photosynthesis. In return, the algae or cyanobacteria benefit by being protected from the environment by the filaments of the fungus, which also gather moisture and nutrients from the environment, and (usually) provide an anchor to it. The lichen combination of fungus and/or algae and/or cyanobacteria has a very different form ( morphology ), physiology, and biochemistry than the constituent species growing by themselves."
},
{
"docid": "D2260094#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/4844057/fungi-flash-cards/\nFungi",
"text": "\"39 terms APPerkins Fungi Fungi flashcards Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Nutrition Fungi are heterotrophs - they cannot make their own food Unlike animals fungi do not ingest (eat) their food Absorbs nutrients from the environment They do this by secreting enzymes Structure The most common fungal body structures are multicellular filaments and single cells called yeasts. Yeasts Single Celled Fungi Relatively few species of fungi grow as these Hyphae Tiny filaments that form bodies of fungi Consist of tubular cell walls surrounding the cytoplasm of the cells Chitin Unlike plant cell walls, fungal cell walls are strengthened by this. Mycelium An interwoven mass formed by fungal hyphae Septa In most fungi, the hyphae are divided into cells by cross walls, known as this. These generally have pores large enough to allow ribosomes, mitochondria, and even nuclei to flow from cell to cell. Some fungi lack this. Coenocytic Fungi Fungi lacking Septa. Consist of a continuous cytoplasmic mass having hundreds or thousands of nuclei Results from repeated division of nuclei without cytokinesis Haustoria Specialized hyphae Fungi use to extract nutrients from - or exchange nutrients with - their hosts Mycorrhizae Mutually beneficial relationships between fungi with Haustoria and plants are called this. Ectomycorrhizal fungi Mycorrhizae fungi that form sheaths of hyphae over the surface of a root and also grow into the extracellular spaces of the root cortex Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi Mycorrhizae fungi that extend their branching hyphae through the cell wall and into tubes formed by invagination (pushing inward) of the root cell membrane Reproduction in Fungi Both sexually and asexually Sexual Reproduction The nuclei of fungal hyphae and the spores of most fungal species are haploid, although many fungi have transient diploid stages that form during sexual life cycles."
},
{
"docid": "D897268#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20130215174454AALuuT4\nLichens are a parasitic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner ? true or false ?",
"text": "Science & Mathematics Biology Lichens are a parasitic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner ? true or false ? true or false ? hurry ! Follow 3 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: False...!! According To definition of Lichens : Lichens are symbiotic associations of a fungus with the photosynthetic partner called as phycobiont such as green algae or cyanobacteria. The two organisms share symbiotic relationship, means both live together and helps each other. in which, The alga uses the sunlight to produce food. The fungus gives the alga with minerals and water, that fungus absorbs. So, in this way fungus gets food produced by Algae.. Lichens usually grows on arctic tundra, hot deserts, rocky coasts etc."
},
{
"docid": "D536889#0",
"title": "https://www.livescience.com/55008-lichens.html\nWhat Are Lichens?",
"text": "\"Live Science Planet Earth Reference: What Are Lichens? By Aparna Vidyasagar, Live Science Contributor | June 8, 2016 12:56am ETMOREMix of crustose lichens with different UV fluorescence. Credit: Robert Lücking A lichen, or lichenized fungus, is actually two organisms functioning as a single, stable unit. Lichens comprise a fungus living in a symbiotic relationship with an alga or cyanobacterium (or both in some instances). There are about 17,000 species of lichen worldwide. Why form a dual organism? Fungi are incapable of photosynthesis because they lack the green pigment chlorophyll. That is to say, fungi cannot harvest light energy from the sun and generate their own nourishment in the form of carbohydrates. Instead, they need to seek out outside sources of food. They absorb nutrition from organic substances, that is, carbon containing compounds such as carbohydrates, fats, or proteins."
},
{
"docid": "D1491185#0",
"title": "https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/faculty/davies/research/mycorrhizae.html\n.",
"text": "\"Mycorrhizal Effects on Host Plant Physiology The word \"\"Mycorrhiza\"\" is given to a mutualistic association between a fungus (Myco) and the roots (rhiza) of the plants. This ascociation is symbiotic because the relationship is advantageous for both organisms. The macrosymbiont (the plant) gains increased exploration of the soil (rhizo sphere) with the intrincate net of hyphae that increases the uptake of water and nutrients from the soil interphase. The microsymbiont (the fungus) uses the carbon provided by the plant for its physiological functions, growth and development. MYCORRHIZA at TAMUThe Nursery Crop Physiology lab at the Department of Horticulture has been working over the past 25 years with ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under severe outplanting conditions (Texas lignite coal, strip mines, and highway revegetation sites). They have also characterized mycorrhizal associations in herbaceous and woody plant species and some of the mechanisms of enhanced drought, nutrient relations and temperature stress tolerance of mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizal plants can also be used to phytoremediate soil contaminated with petroleum and heavy metals such as chromium (Cr). Benefits of Mycorrhiza: Enhanced plant efficiency in absorbing water and nutrients from the soil. Reducing fertility and irrigation requirements. Increased drought resistance Increased pathogen resistance/protection."
},
{
"docid": "D554792#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_lichen\nWhat is lichen?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Biology Mycology or Fungi What is lichen? Flag What is lichen? Answer by Hawkspur Confidence votes 9.4KLichen is the symbiotic association of a fungus (the mycobiont, which provides shelter and structure for the partnership or symbiosis), with an alga or cyanobacterium (the photobiont, also known as the phycobiont, which provides the food for the partnership from photosynthesis). The fungus and the alga components cannot survive alone in the environment in which the lichen symbiosis thrives. Lichen is a type of plant that is usually found in the Tundra. It also is a type of fungi. A lichen is a symbiosis of a fungus and a photosynthetic organism, either a type of bacteria or a plant. The fungus provides protection for the photosynthetic joint of its being, and the bacteria provides energy for the fungus.43 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Bessey52 3,403 Contributions What is lichen sclerosus? Lichen sclerosus, a skin disorder, can occur in children, men, and most often in women."
},
{
"docid": "D2123484#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/17814416/mutualism-commensalism-and-parasitism-flash-cards/\nmutualism, commensalism, and parasitism",
"text": "25 terms amandalee0621mutualism, commensalism, and parasitismexam 4Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortsymbiosis any intimate relationship between members of two or more different speciessymbionts partners in symbiosiscategories of symbiosis mutualism commensalism parasitismmutualism a symbiotic relationship where both partners benefitcommensalism symbiotic relationship where one partner benefits and the other is unaffectedparasitism symbiotic relationship where one partner benefits by obtaining nutrients at the expense of the other partnerlichens mutualistic association of fungus and algaeruminants and termites both have the ability to digest cellulose because of their mutualistic association with specialized microorganisms in their intestinal tractslegumes and bacteria (peas peanuts alfalfa) have mutualistic bacteria in their root nodules t=zooxanthellae live inside coral photosynthetic provide animal with carbon nitrogen and oxygen coral supplies algae with waste products which it uses to make nitrogen compoundsmycorrhize mutualistic associations between fungi and roots of plants. fungus absorbs minerals from soil and provides them to plant. plant provides fungus with food produced by photosynthesispollination variety of birds and insects visit plants when foraging for pollen and in the process transfer pollen from one plant to anotheryucca and yucca moth obligatory relationship moth transfers pollen between plants moth lay eggs on plant plant provides food and safe habitatobligatory relationship moth can grow nowhere else and yucca has no other pollinatorseed dispersal plant benefits: seed moved to new area increases chance that some offspring will survive if dispersed to variety of different habitats animal benefits: nutritionant and acacia plant has thorns provides food and nesting sites plant protected from other insect pestscleaning symbiosis small fish clean external parasites off of other fish cleaner fish benefits: food other fish benefits: gets rid of parasitescleaning stations cleaners aggregate at these sites to which other fish come to be groomedepiphytes smaller plants that live attached to treescattle egrets ride on cattle backs so that insects get stirred up from tall grass (commensalism)parasitism parasite benefits by obtaining nourishment from host host may be weakened, is rarely killed live outside and inside bodyectoparasites live outside hostendoparasites live inside hostmacroparasites grow but do not multiply within hostmicroparasites grow and multiply within host Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Features Quizlet Live Quizlet Learn Diagrams Flashcards Mobile Help Sign up Help Center Honor Code Community Guidelines Students Teachers About Company Press Jobs Privacy Terms Follow us Language© 2018 Quizlet Inc."
},
{
"docid": "D540728#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20091229220905AAkGcJK\nTo which kingdom do lichens belong?",
"text": "Science & Mathematics Biology To which kingdom do lichens belong?what i mean to ask is that are lichens classified into monera, protista,fungi,plantae,or animalia? Follow 2 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Lichens are composite organisms consisting of a symbiotic association of a fungus (the mycobiont) with a photosynthetic partner (the photobiont or phycobiont), usually either a green alga (commonly Trebouxia) or cyanobacterium (commonly Nostoc). Lichens are named based on the fungal component, which plays the primary role in determining the lichen's form. The fungus typically comprises the majority of a lichen's bulk, though in filamentous and gelatinous lichens this is not always the case. The lichen fungus is typically a member of the Ascomycota—rarely a member of the Basidiomycota, and then termed basidiolichens to differentiate them from the more common ascolichens. Formerly, some lichen taxonomists placed lichens in their own division, the Mycophycophyta, but this practice is no longer accepted because the components belong to separate lineages. Neither the ascolichens nor the basidiolichens form monophyletic lineages in their respective fungal phyla, but they do form several major solely or primarily lichen-forming groups within each phylum. Even more unusual than basidiolichens is the fungus Geosiphon pyriforme, a member of the Glomeromycota that is unique in that it encloses a cyanobacterial symbiont inside its cells. Geosiphon is not usually considered to be a lichen, and its peculiar symbiosis was not recognized for many years. The genus is more closely allied to endomycorrhizal genera."
},
{
"docid": "D3059240#0",
"title": "http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/11406-are-fungi-prokaryotes/\nare fungi prokaryotes?",
"text": "jazzoff Quark Senior Members1030 posts Posted July 11, 2005Hey, guys, i am just a beginner, and hope you will bear with me for a while. Are fungi prokaryotes? What makes prokaryotes... PROKARYOTES? Primarygun Organism Senior Members101338 posts Location: Hong Kong Special Administrative region Posted July 11, 2005In my country, fungi is classified into the fungi kingdom but not the prokaryote kingdom. Prokaryote kingdom consists of organisms which has simple structure, most are singular-cell and some has simple muticellular structure. Some examples: Algae, paramecium, Amoeba Skye Biology Expert Senior Members1432252 posts Location: Australia Posted July 11, 2005Prokaryotes don't have a nucleus, they include the bacteria and archaea. Fungi have nuclei and so they are eukaryotes. Quote Prokaryote kingdom consists of organisms which has simple structure, most are singular-cell and some has simple muticellular structure. Some examples: Algae, paramecium, Amoeba They are all eukaryotes. You are probably getting confused with protists."
},
{
"docid": "D1969377#0",
"title": "https://www.boundless.com/microbiology/textbooks/boundless-microbiology-textbook/microbial-ecology-16/microbial-symbioses-196/the-rumen-and-ruminant-animals-988-4904/\nMicrobial Symbioses",
"text": "Mutualism vs. Symbiosis Symbiosis is a relationship between two organisms: it can be mutualistic (both benefit), commensal (one benefits), or parasitic. Learning Objectives Compare Mutualism and Symbiosis Key Takeaways Key Points Mutualism, a relationship in which both species benefit, is common in nature. In microbiology, there are many examples of mutualistic bacteria in the gut that aid digestion in both humans and animals. Commensalism is a relationship between species in which one benefits and the other is unaffected. Humans are host to a variety of commensal bacteria in their bodies that do not harm them but rely on them for survival (e.g. bacteria that consume dead skin). Parasitic relationships, in which one species benefits and the other suffers, are very common in nature. Most of the microorganisms studied in medical microbiology are parasitic and feed on human tissue. For example, cholera, leshmaniasis, and Giardia are all parasitic microbes. Symbiotic relationships can also be classified by the physical relationship between the two species. Endosymbionts live inside the tissues of the host, while ectosymbionts live outside of their partner species."
},
{
"docid": "D930193#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080426155637AAs80aW\nDescribe the symbiotic relationship of lichens.?",
"text": "Science & Mathematics Biology Describe the symbiotic relationship of lichens. ? 1 following 7 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: The symbiotic realtionship in lichens is that of a fungus and an algae or a fungus and a cyanobacteria. A lichen is a symbiosis. That means that it is two or more organisms living together such that both are more successful within the partnership than they would have been if they were living on their own. With lichens the basic components of this partnership are 1) a fungus called the 'mycobiont' and 2) one or more algae and/or a cyanobacteria called the 'photobiont'. The true nature of the symbiosis between this two partners is still being debated by scientists and some would maintain that the fungus is a parasite on the photobiont. However, in many cases, the algae in question cannot survive alone in the habitat occupied by the lichen any more than the unattached fungi can, so it is not realistic to use the term parasite. The fungal partners are mostly (over 95%) Ascomycetes. Most of the rest are Basidiomycetes. As far as science has been able to discover few if any of the fungi involved can survive and reproduce in the wild on their own."
},
{
"docid": "D133677#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiodinium\nSymbiodinium",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Symbiodinium Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota (unranked): SAR (unranked): Alveolata Phylum: Dinoflagellata Class: Dinophyceae Order: Suessiales Family: Symbiodiniaceae Genus: Symbiodinium Freudenthal, 1962 [1]Species See text Symbiodinium is a genus that encompasses the largest and most prevalent group of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates known. These unicellular algae commonly reside in the endoderm of tropical cnidarians such as corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish, where the products of their photosynthetic processing are exchanged in the host for inorganic molecules. They are also harbored by various species of sponge, flatworms, mollusks such as the giant clams, foraminifera ( soritids), and some ciliates. Generally, these dinoflagellates enter the host cell through phagocytosis, persist as intracellular symbionts, reproduce, and disperse to the environment. The exception is in most mollusks, where Symbiodinium are intercellular (between the cells). Cnidarians that are associated with Symbiodinium occur mostly in warm oligotrophic (nutrient-poor), marine environments where they are often the dominant constituents of benthic communities. These dinoflagellates are therefore among the most abundant eukaryotic microbes found in coral reef ecosystems. Symbiodinium are colloquially called \"\" zooxanthellae \"\" ,and animals symbiotic with algae in this genus are said to be \"\"zooxanthellate\"\". The term was loosely used to refer to any golden-brown endosymbionts, including diatoms and other dinoflagellates. Continued use of the term in the scientific literature is discouraged because of the confusion caused by overly generalizing taxonomically diverse symbiotic relationships. ["
},
{
"docid": "D503954#0",
"title": "http://www.mycolog.com/GLOSSARY.htm\n.",
"text": "\"GLOSSARYHotlinks to sections of the Glossary - click on the letters below B C D E F G H I J K L MN O P R S T U V W X Y ZTo hear pronunciation of unusual words, just pass the cursor over the Java hover button labeled 'Pronunciation'ABSCISSION - separation, as of conidia from a conidiophore. ABSORB - to obtain food by taking up water and dissolved substances across a membrane; this is how fungi operate. This is also called OSMOTROPHIC NUTRITION (cf. INGEST). ACERVULAR CONIDIOMA ( ACERVULUS ) - a flat, covered, spore-producing structure developed by Coelomycetes; often subcuticular or subepidermal in plant tissue. The covering is of host material, and splits open at spore maturity. ACROPETAL - describes chains of conidia in which the youngest conidium is at the tip of the chain; a pattern of apical growth. ACTIVE TRANSPORT - the pumping of a substance across a cellular membrane from a point of lower concentration to one of higher concentration; requires energy. ADAPTIVE ENZYME - see ENZYME. AECIA (sing."
}
] |
8256 | which of the following is a monosaccharide that is used by cells to produce energy | [
{
"docid": "D329606#0",
"title": "http://www.healthhype.com/sugar-types-monosaccharides-simple-sugars.html\nSugar Types: Monosaccharides (Simple Sugars)",
"text": "Sugar Types: Monosaccharides (Simple Sugars)Posted by Jan Modric Tweet Monosaccharides – Simple Sugars Monosaccharides (Gk. mono- = single, saccharide = sugar) have only single sugar unit in their structure. They are called simple sugars, since they cannot be split into substances that would still have characteristics of a sugar. Monosaccharide units can combine together to form disaccharides (containing two sugar units) or polysaccharides as starch (containing several sugar units). Monosaccharides of main importance in the human body are glucose, ribose and deoxyribose. Other monosaccharides, used by human mainly as nutrients are fructose, galactose, mannose, and tagatose. Monosaccharides are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and are arranged in groups according to the number of carbon atoms in their molecules such as trioses containing three carbon atoms, tetroses four, pentoses (e.g. ribose, deoxyribose) five, and hexoses (e.g. glucose, fructose) six carbon atoms. Detailed List of Monosaccharides A. Glucose Glucose ( Picture 1) is the most important monosaccharide found in human body and is the prime energy source for humans and animals. It is also known as grape sugar, corn sugar, starch sugar and blood sugar. It is a six-carbon sugar (hexose)."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D3357924#0",
"title": "https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/2-5-organic-compounds-essential-to-human-functioning/\n14 2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning",
"text": "Chapter 2. The Chemical Level of Organization14 2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Identify four types of organic molecules essential to human functioning Explain the chemistry behind carbon’s affinity for covalently bonding in organic compounds Provide examples of three types of carbohydrates, and identify the primary functions of carbohydrates in the body Discuss four types of lipids important in human functioning Describe the structure of proteins, and discuss their importance to human functioning Identify the building blocks of nucleic acids, and the roles of DNA, RNA, and ATP in human functioning Organic compounds typically consist of groups of carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen, usually oxygen, and often other elements as well. Created by living things, they are found throughout the world, in soils and seas, commercial products, and every cell of the human body. The four types most important to human structure and function are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleotides. Before exploring these compounds, you need to first understand the chemistry of carbon. The Chemistry of Carbon What makes organic compounds ubiquitous is the chemistry of their carbon core. Recall that carbon atoms have four electrons in their valence shell, and that the octet rule dictates that atoms tend to react in such a way as to complete their valence shell with eight electrons. Carbon atoms do not complete their valence shells by donating or accepting four electrons. Instead, they readily share electrons via covalent bonds. Commonly, carbon atoms share with other carbon atoms, often forming a long carbon chain referred to as a carbon skeleton."
},
{
"docid": "D1588111#0",
"title": "https://voer.edu.vn/c/chemical-digestion-and-absorption-a-closer-look/948ed3b1/3859f9d0\nAnatomy & Physiology",
"text": "0As you have learned, the process of mechanical digestion is relatively simple. It involves the physical breakdown of food but does not alter its chemical makeup. Chemical digestion, on the other hand, is a complex process that reduces food into its chemical building blocks, which are then absorbed to nourish the cells of the body ( [link] ). In this section, you will look more closely at the processes of chemical digestion and absorption. Digestion and Absorption Digestion begins in the mouth and continues as food travels through the small intestine. Most absorption occurs in the small intestine. Chemical Digestion Large food molecules (for example, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and starches) must be broken down into subunits that are small enough to be absorbed by the lining of the alimentary canal. This is accomplished by enzymes through hydrolysis. The many enzymes involved in chemical digestion are summarized in [link]. *These enzymes have been activated by other substances. The Digestive Enzymes Enzyme Category Enzyme Name Source Substrate Product Salivary Enzymes Lingual lipase Lingual glands Triglycerides Free fatty acids, and mono- and diglycerides Salivary Enzymes Salivary amylase Salivary glands Polysaccharides Disaccharides and trisaccharides Gastric enzymes Gastric lipase Chief cells Triglycerides Fatty acids and monoacylglycerides Gastric enzymes Pepsin* Chief cells Proteins Peptides Brush border enzymes α-Dextrinase Small intestine α-Dextrins Glucose Brush border enzymes Enteropeptidase Small intestine Trypsinogen Trypsin Brush border enzymes Lactase Small intestine Lactose Glucose and galactose Brush border enzymes Maltase Small intestine Maltose Glucose Brush border enzymes Nucleosidases and phosphatases Small intestine Nucleotides Phosphates, nitrogenous bases, and pentoses Brush border enzymes Peptidases Small intestine Aminopeptidase: amino acids at the amino end of peptides Dipeptidase: dipeptides Aminopeptidase: amino acids and peptides Dipeptidase: amino acids Brush border enzymes Sucrase Small intestine Sucrose Glucose and fructose Pancreatic enzymes Carboxy-peptidase* Pancreatic acinar cells Amino acids at the carboxyl end of peptides Amino acids and peptides Pancreatic enzymes Chymotrypsin* Pancreatic acinar cells Proteins Peptides Pancreatic enzymes Elastase* Pancreatic acinar cells Proteins Peptides Pancreatic enzymes Nucleases Pancreatic acinar cells Ribonuclease: ribonucleic acids Deoxyribonuclease: deoxyribonucleic acids Nucleotides Pancreatic enzymes Pancreatic amylase Pancreatic acinar cells Polysaccharides (starches) α-Dextrins, disaccharides (maltose), trisaccharides (maltotriose)Pancreatic enzymes Pancreatic lipase Pancreatic acinar cells Triglycerides that have been emulsified by bile salts Fatty acids and monoacylglycerides Pancreatic enzymes Trypsin* Pancreatic acinar cells Proteins Peptides Carbohydrate Digestion The average American diet is about 50 percent carbohydrates, which may be classified according to the number of monomers they contain of simple sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides) and/or complex sugars (polysaccharides)."
},
{
"docid": "D543611#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrates\nCarbohydrate",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Carbohydrates)navigation search Lactose is a disaccharide found in animal milk. It consists of a molecule of D-galactose and a molecule of D-glucose bonded by beta-1-4 glycosidic linkage. It has a formula of C 12 H 22 O 11. A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula C m (H 2O) n (where m may be different from n ). [ 1] This formula holds true for monosaccharides. Some exceptions exist; for example, deoxyribose, a sugar component of DNA, [2] has the empirical formula C 5 H 10 O 4. [ 3] The carbohydrates are technically hydrates of carbon; [4] structurally it is more accurate to view them as aldoses and ketoses . [ 5]The term is most common in biochemistry, where it is a synonym of 'saccharide', a group that includes sugars, starch, and cellulose. The saccharides are divided into four chemical groups: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides and disaccharides, the smallest (lower molecular weight) carbohydrates, are commonly referred to as sugars. ["
},
{
"docid": "D296093#0",
"title": "http://www.rsc.org/Education/Teachers/Resources/cfb/carbohydrates.htm\nCarbohydrates",
"text": "Carbohydrates Carbohydrates (also called saccharides) are molecular compounds made from just three elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Monosaccharides (e.g. glucose) and disaccharides (e.g. sucrose) are relatively small molecules. They are often called sugars. Other carbohydrate molecules are very large (polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose). Carbohydrates are:a source of energy for the body e.g. glucose and a store of energy, e.g. starch in plantsbuilding blocks for polysaccharides (giant carbohydrates), e.g. cellulose in plants and glycogen in the human bodycomponents of other molecules eg DNA, RNA, glycolipids, glycoproteins, ATPMonosaccharides Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates and are often called single sugars. They are the building blocks from which all bigger carbohydrates are made. Monosaccharides have the general molecular formula (CH 2 O) n, where n can be 3, 5 or 6. They can be classified according to the number of carbon atoms in a molecule:n = 3 trioses, e.g. glyceraldehyden = 5 pentoses, e.g. ribose and deoxyribose ('pent' indicates 5)n = 6 hexoses, e.g. fructose, glucose and galactose ('hex' indicates 6)There is more than one molecule with the molecular formula C 5 H 10 O 5 and more than one with the molecular formula C 6 H 12 O 6. Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae are called structural isomers. Glyceraldehyde's molecular formula is C 3 H 6 O 3."
},
{
"docid": "D124650#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate\nCarbohydrate",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Lactose is a disaccharide found in animal milk. It consists of a molecule of D-galactose and a molecule of D-glucose bonded by beta-1-4 glycosidic linkage. It has a formula of C 12 H 22 O 11. A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula C m (H 2O) n (where m may be different from n ). [ 1] This formula holds true for monosaccharides. Some exceptions exist; for example, deoxyribose, a sugar component of DNA, [2] has the empirical formula C 5 H 10 O 4. [ 3] The carbohydrates are technically hydrates of carbon; [4] structurally it is more accurate to view them as aldoses and ketoses . [ 5]The term is most common in biochemistry, where it is a synonym of 'saccharide', a group that includes sugars, starch, and cellulose. The saccharides are divided into four chemical groups: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides and disaccharides, the smallest (lower molecular weight) carbohydrates, are commonly referred to as sugars. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1861185#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/19393664/nutrition-carbohydrates-flash-cards/\nNutrition: Carbohydrates",
"text": "70 terms lindseyfrew Nutrition: Carbohydrates Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort What is a Carbohydrate? An organic compound made up of one or more sugar molecules. Simple Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides and disaccharides (because of their small size)Monosaccharides: Single-sugar molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms Three most common monosaccharides: Glucose, fructose, galactose (each contains SIX carbon atoms)How is Glucose produced? Photosynthesis Glucose: the most abundant monosaccharide in the body. Its primary function is to provide cells a source of energy (ATP). Fructose: naturally occurring monosaccharide found primarily in honey, fruits, and veggies. Majority comes from foods made with high-fructose corn syrup. Galactose: Body uses galactose to make certain components of cell membranes and synthesize lactose. The majority of galactose is converted to glucose and used as a source of energy. Disaccharides: Consist of two monosaccharides bonded together."
},
{
"docid": "D1658684#0",
"title": "http://education.seattlepi.com/function-monosaccharide-biology-6548.html\nWhat Is the Function of Monosaccharide in Biology?",
"text": "Written by Cara Batema Related Articles1What Do Aerobic Respiration and the Light Stages of Photosynthesis Have in Common?2Enzyme Activity in Photosynthesis3List of Several Things That Can Diffuse Over a Cell Membrane4What Is Assimilation in Biology? A monosaccharide, most often called a simple sugar, is the simplest form of carbohydrate. Monosaccharides all have the same basic structure, symbolized with the chemical formula (CH2O)n, in which “n” stands for the number of carbon atoms. These molecules tend to have isomers, meaning they have the same formula but different structures. These assorted structures carry out a variety of biological functions in living cells, whether they're from single-celled bacteria or multicellular plants and animals. Biological Forms of Monosaccharides Monosaccharides are characterized by the number of carbon atoms their molecules contain. Monosaccharides with the formula C6H12O6 include glucose, galactose and fructose, which are sugars used by organisms for energy. Xylose is a five-carbon monosaccharide, called a pentose, found in plant cells; this monosaccharide combines with xylan to form woody materials, such as those that make up trees. Similarly, arabinose is found in coniferous trees. Ribose and deoxyribose are components of ribonucleic and deoxyribonucleic acids, commonly known as RNA and DNA."
},
{
"docid": "D1037920#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical\nBiochemistry",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Biochemical)navigation search\"\"Biological Chemistry\"\" redirects here. For the journals, see Biochemistry (journal) and Biological Chemistry (journal). Part of a series on Biochemistry Bio-chemical Key components Biomolecules Metabolism Index Outline History and topics History Biochemistry Cell biology Bioinformatics Enzymology Genetics Immunology Molecular biology Plant biochemistry Structural biology Branches of biochemistry List of biochemists Portals: Biology, MCBv t e Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. [ 1] By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. [ 2] Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is on understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, [3] which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of tissues, organs, and whole organisms [4] —that is, all of biology. Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. [ 5] Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology. Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. [ 6] The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions."
},
{
"docid": "D73102#0",
"title": "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/161547.php\nWhat you need to know about carbs",
"text": "\"Newsletter MNT - Hourly Medical News Since 2003Search Log in Newsletter MNT - Hourly Medical News Since 2003Search Login What you need to know about carbs Last updated Tue 17 October 2017By Christian Nordqvist Reviewed by Daniel Bubnis, MS, NASM-CPT, NASE Level II-CSSWhat are carbohydrates? Types Simple and complex carbs Nutrition High-carb or low-carb diet? How can carbohydrates lead to diabetes? The glycemic index Low-GI diet Recommendations Carbohydrates, or saccharides, are biomolecules. The four major classes of biomolecules are carbohydrates, proteins, nucleotides, and lipids. Carbohydrates are the most abundant of the four. Also known as \"\"carbs,\"\" carbohydrates have several roles in living organisms, including energy transportation. They are also structural components of plants and insects. Carbohydrate derivatives are involved in reproduction, the immune system, the development of disease, and blood clotting. Fast facts on carbohydrates\"\"Saccharide\"\" is another word for \"\"carbohydrate. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D459408#0",
"title": "http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/edible-innovations/food2.htm\nHow Food Works",
"text": "\"Carbohydrates Prev NEXTYou have probably heard of \"\"carbohydrates\"\" and \"\"complex carbohydrates.\"\" Carbohydrates provide your body with its basic fuel. Your body thinks about carbohydrates like a car engine thinks about gasoline. The simplest carbohydrate is glucose. Glucose, also called \"\"blood sugar\"\" and \"\"dextrose,\"\" flows in the bloodstream so that it is available to every cell in your body. Your cells absorb glucose and convert it into energy to drive the cell. Specifically, a set of chemical reactions on glucose creates ATP (adenosine triphosphate), and a phosphate bond in ATP powers most of the machinery in any human cell. If you drink a solution of water and glucose, the glucose passes directly from your digestive system into the bloodstream. The word \"\"carbohydrate\"\" comes from the fact that glucose is made up of carbon and water. The chemical formula for glucose is: You can see that glucose is made of six carbon atoms (carbo...) and the elements of six water molecules (...hydrate)."
},
{
"docid": "D1652917#0",
"title": "http://nutrition.jbpub.com/resources/chemistryreview9.cfm\n.",
"text": "\"Chemistry Review Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with the concentration of hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a 2;1 ratio. Abundant energy is locked in their many carbon-hydrogen bonds. Plants, algae, and some bacteria produce carbohydrates by the process of photosynthesis. Most organisms use carbohydrates as an important fuel, breaking these bonds and releasing energy to sustain life. Among the least complex of the carbohydrates are the simple sugars or monosaccharides (MON-oh-SACK-uh-rides). This word comes from two Greek words meaning \"\"single\"\" (monos) and \"\"sweet\"\" (saccharon) and reflects the fact that monosaccharides are individual sugar molecules. Some of these sweet-tasting sugars have as few as three carbon atoms. The monosaccharides that play a central role in energy storage, however, have six. The primary energy-storage molecule used by living things is glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ), a six-carbon sugar with seven energy-storing carbon-hydrogen bonds. Figure 9 Structure of glucose molecule. ("
},
{
"docid": "D1642445#0",
"title": "http://www.123helpme.com/view.asp?id=148209\nInvestigating How Sugars are Metabolised by Yeast",
"text": "\"Investigating How Sugars are Metabolised by Yeast Length: 1203 words (3.4 double-spaced pages)Rating: Excellent Open Document- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Text Preview More ↓Continue reading... Open Document Investigating How Sugars are Metabolised by Yeast Aim The aim of this experiment is to investigate which of the five different forms of sugars namely; glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose and lactose undergo the most metabolisms by yeast. Variables Independent Variable Type of sugar Controlled Variables Temperature of water Amount of yeast Time of reaction Dependant Variable Amount of Carbon dioxide produced during the metabolic reaction Apparatus List Electronic Stopwatch Thermometer 10cm³ syringe Burette Thin rubber tubing Hot Water bath Stirring rod Clamp Stand Diagram Method * Prewarm Yeast and sugars in water bath at fixed temperature of 50°C. * When reached at required temperature, measure out 6cm³ of yeast, with the help of a syringe, as well as 10cm³ of glucose solution, first. * Pour into a boiling tube and fit with the rubber tubing. * Take the other end of the tubing and place under the upturned burette, which is filled with water in a bowl. * Read and record start volume of water on the burette. * Start the timer as soon as the rubber tubing is placed under the burette. * Time for maximum 10 minutes. * Stop the timer and record the change in volume on burette. * Repeat this exercise 3 times for each sugar for reliability. *"
},
{
"docid": "D2074958#0",
"title": "http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-cellulose-and-vs-glycogen-and-vs-glucose/\nDifference Between Cellulose and Glycogen and Glucose",
"text": "\"Difference Between Cellulose and Glycogen and Glucose Posted on March 4, 2012 by Dunee Cellulose vs Glycogen vs Glucose Glucose, cellulose, and glycogen are categorized as carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are the most abundant type of organic molecules on earth. They are the source of chemical energy for living organisms. Not only this, they serve as important constituents of tissues. Carbohydrate can be again categorized into three as monosaccharide, disaccharides and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrate type. Disaccharide is the combination of two monosaccharides. When ten or higher number of monosaccharides is joined by glycosidic bonds, they are known as polysaccharides. Glucose Glucose is a monosaccharide that contains six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group. Therefore, it is a hexose and an aldose."
},
{
"docid": "D423049#0",
"title": "http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=george&dbid=115\n.",
"text": "\"Carbohydrates are a varied combination of both very small and very large molecules that comprise about 40 to 45 percent of the energy supply for your body. In addition, certain types of carbohydrates, such as fiber and resistant starches don't get taken into your body for energy, but play important health-promoting roles in your gastrointestinal tract, supporting digestion and absorption, and helping you eliminate toxins and waste products. Carbohydrates are are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which are arranged into small units called sugars, or monosaccharides. Small carbohydrates, like glucose or sucrose (table sugar) are composed of one or two sugar units, respectively, and are the molecules that give food a sweet taste. These molecules are sometimes called \"\"simple sugars\"\" because they are small (only one or two units), and are quickly digested, providing immediate energy to the body. Larger carbohydrate molecules, which include fibers and starches, are composed of at least 10 monosaccharides linked together. These large carbohydrates, called polysaccharides (poly=many) may contain up to several hundred monosaccharides linked together in different ways. Another term commonly used to describe carbohydrates is oligosaccharides, a type of carbohydrate molecule that is in-between polysaccharides and monosaccharides in size, and features two to ten monosaccharides bonded together. Let's look at each of these types of carbohydrates and how the food you eat influences the quality of these important nutrients you receive. The Simple Sugars: Monosaccharides and Disaccharides Monosaccharides Monosaccharides are true simple sugars since, as one sugar unit only, they exist in the form in which they can be directly absorbed into your body upon ingestion."
},
{
"docid": "D1349798#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/31782855/biology-105-final-flash-cards/\nBiology 105 Final",
"text": "95 terms christina_tallant Biology 105 Final Mc Neese Fall 2013 | Struchtenmeyer Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort What is biology? The study of life Which of the following structures can perform all activities required for life? Cells Relative to prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells are usually larger and more complex Humans are composed of ______ cells eukaryotic The DNA of a eukaryotic cell is found inside the nucleus Which domain consists of prokaryotic cells bacteria and archaea A hypothesis is a tentative answer to a question Which of the following are the proper components of the scientific method observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, results, conclusion Which of these is most closely associated with Darwin? Natural selection Which of the following is NOT a property of life? Populations of organisms rarely change over time_____ is an example of an element Carbon The four most common elements found in living things are carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen Beryllium's atomic mass 9 and it's atomic number is 4. How many neutrons are found in a Beryllium atom? 5The bond between oppositely charged ions is an _____ bond. ionic The tendency of water molecules to stick together is called cohesion A base _____."
},
{
"docid": "D329605#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/96575989/chapter-4-carbohydrates-flash-cards/\nChapter 4: Carbohydrates",
"text": "94 terms mistermary Chapter 4: Carbohydrates Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort What are the main nutrients that the body uses for energy and how many kcal per gram do they provide? -Carbohydrates (4 kcal) -Lipids (9 kcal) -Protein (4 kcal)Which nutrient is the MAIN source of fuel for cells -- especially in the brain, nervous system, and red blood cells? Carbohydrates Glycogen A carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose with a highly branched structure. It is the storage form of glucose in humans and is synthesized (and stored) in the liver and muscles Carbohydrates are readily available and what 2 forms? Blood glucose and glycogen What does the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine recommend to obtain adequate energy? They recommend that 45% to 65% of the calories we consume each day be from carbohydrates Glucose A 6-carbon monosaccharide that usually exists in a ring form, found as such in blood and in table sugar bonded to fructose, also known as dextrose Sugar A simple carbohydrate with the chemical composition (CH2O). The basic unit of all sugars is glucose. The primary sugar in the diet is sucrose, which is made up of glucose and fructose Starch A carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest; also known as complex carbohydrate Fiber Substances in plant foods not digested by the processes that take place in the stomach or small intestine."
},
{
"docid": "D472238#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/10520788/nutrition-chapter-4-flash-cards/\nNutrition Chapter 4",
"text": "\"53 terms juliaz Nutrition Chapter 4Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortcarbohydrates compounds composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen arranged as monosaccharides. Most, but not all, have a ratio of one carbon molecule to one water molecule (CH2O)nmonosaccharides single sugars, (C6H12O6), glucose, fructose, and galactosedisaccharides sugars composed of pairs of monosaccharides linked together; maltose, sucrose, lactosepolysaccharides compounds composed of many monosaccharides linked together. Three types are important in nutrition: glycogen, starches, and (dietary) fiberssimple carbohydrates monosaccharides and disaccharides (the sugars) are sometimes called thiscomplex carbohydrates polysaccharides (starches and fibers) are sometimes called thismaltose disaccharide; glucose + glucose. Produced whenever starch breaks down-as happens in human beings during carbohydrate digestion. Also occurs during the fermentation process that yields alcohol. Minor constituent of a few foodssucrose disaccharide; glucose + fructose. Because the fructose is accessible to the taste receptors, it tastes sweet, accounting for some of the natural sweetness of fruits, vegetables, and grainslactose disaccharide; glucose + galactose. Principle carbohydrate of milk."
},
{
"docid": "D1311054#0",
"title": "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/postprandial+plasma+glucose\nglucose",
"text": "\"glucose (redirected from postprandial plasma glucose) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia .glucose/glu·cose/ ( gloo´kōs) 1. a six-carbon aldose occurring as the d- form and found as a free monosaccharide in fruitsand other plants or combined in glucosides and di-, oligo-, and polysaccharides. It is the endproduct of carbohydrate metabolism, and is the chief source of energy for living organisms, itsutilization being controlled by insulin. Excess glucose is converted to glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles for use as needed and, beyond that, is converted to fat and stored as adipose tissue. Glucose appears in the urine in diabetes mellitus. In pharmaceuticals, calleddextrose.2. liquid g.liquid glucose a thick, sweet, syrupy liquid obtained by incomplete hydrolysis of starch andconsisting chiefly of dextrose, with dextrins, maltose, and water; used as a pharmaceutic aid.glucose 1-phosphate an intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism.glucose 6-phosphate an intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.glucose (glo͞o′kōs′)n.1. A monosaccharide sugar, C 6 H 12 O 6, that is used by living things to obtain energy throughthe process of aerobic respiration within cells."
},
{
"docid": "D536848#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochem\nBiochemistry",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Biochem)navigation search\"\"Biological Chemistry\"\" redirects here. For the journals, see Biochemistry (journal) and Biological Chemistry (journal). Part of a series on Biochemistry Bio-chemical Key components Biomolecules Metabolism Index Outline History and topics History Biochemistry Cell biology Bioinformatics Enzymology Genetics Immunology Molecular biology Plant biochemistry Structural biology Branches of biochemistry List of biochemists Portals: Biology, MCBv t e Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. [ 1] By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. [ 2] Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is on understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, [3] which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of tissues, organs, and whole organisms [4] —that is, all of biology. Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. [ 5] Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology. Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. [ 6] The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions."
},
{
"docid": "D380869#0",
"title": "https://www.coursehero.com/flashcards/482804/AP-Test-1/\nA&P Test 1 Flashcards",
"text": "\"Terms Definitions An organ system is ____________.a small structure within a cell. a structure composed of several tissue types. the basic structural unit of all living organisms. ( a group of organs with a common set of functions.) a group of cells with similar structure and function. Which option below lists levels of human structure from the most complex to the most simple?organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system organ system, organ, cell, tissue, organelle organ system, organelle, tissue, cell, organ (organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle) organ, organ system, tissue, cell, organelle Organelle is to cell as ________ is to organ.heart (epithelium) endocrine system cytology Which of the following characteristics would be correct with regard to tissues? ( 1) Lower level of organization than a cell. ( 2) Structures contained within a cell. ( 3) Contain groups of organs. ( 4) Consist of four different types. ("
}
] |
8257 | which of the following is a product that is considered a commodity | [
{
"docid": "D1530540#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_product_is_considered_a_commodity\nWhat product is considered a commodity?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Business & Finance Economics What product is considered a commodity? What product is considered a commodity? Answer by Patrick Carrigan Confidence votes 9A commodity generally refers to an agricultural product that is bought and sold such as corn, coffee, wheat, etc. Energy commodities include gas, electricity, oil, etc. In economic terms commodities are products that have a demand but there is no difference in who produces it. Therefore, typically consumers will search for the lowest price of that item.8 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Frankatkinson 215 Contributions What is the difference between product and commodity? A commodity is still a product, but it's one sold primarily on price. It's also one sold primarily business-to-business. Example: if you have a ton of wheat, you have a commod …What is the difference between product and commodities?"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D902685#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodity\nCommodity",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article's lead section does not adequately summarize key points of its contents. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page. ( August 2017)For the album by Remedy Drive, see Commodity (album). Business administration Management of a business Accounting [show]Business entities [show]Corporate governance [show]Corporate law [show]Economics [show]Finance [show]Marketing [show]Types of management [show]Organization [show]Trade [show]Business and economics portalv t e In economics, a commodity is an economic good or service that has full or substantial fungibility: that is, the market treats instances of the good as equivalent or nearly so with no regard to who produced them. [ 1] The price of a commodity good is typically determined as a function of its market as a whole: well-established physical commodities have actively traded spot and derivative markets. Most commodities are raw materials, basic resources, or agricultural products, such as iron ore, sugar, or rice. Yerba mate (left), coffee bean (middle) and tea (right), all used for caffeinated infusions, are commodity cash crops. Contents [ hide ]1 Etymology2 Characteristics3 Hard and soft commodities4 Commoditization5 Global commodities trading company6 Commodity trade7 Inventory data8 Commodification of labor9 See also10 Notes11 External links Etymology [ edit]The word commodity came into use in English in the 15th century, from the French commodité, \"\"amenity, convenience\"\". Going further back, the French word derives from the Latin commoditas, meaning \"\"suitability, convenience, advantage\"\"."
},
{
"docid": "D2220713#0",
"title": "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/ppi.asp\nWhat is the 'Producer Price Index - PPI'?",
"text": "Error loading player: Flash plugin failed to load What is the 'Producer Price Index - PPI'? The producer price index (PPI) is a family of indexes that measures the average change in selling prices received by domestic producers of goods and services over time. The PPI measures price changes from the perspective of the seller and differs from the consumer price index (CPI), which measures price changes from the purchaser's perspective. The PPI considers three areas of production: industry-based, commodity-based and commodity-based final demand-intermediate demand. It was known as the wholesale price index, or WPI, until 1978. Next Up Industry North American Industry Classification ... Commodity Index Import And Export Price indexes ... BREAKING DOWN 'Producer Price Index - PPI'There are roughly 10,000 PPI measures released each month for individual products and groups of products. These PPIs track the output of nearly all goods-producing industries in the United States, which include industries such as mining, manufacturing, agriculture, natural gas, construction and others within producing sectors. The PPI is interpreted in a similar was as most indexes. Each product or group of products starts with a base number of 100 in a base period. All future movements in producer prices are then measured against the prior period."
},
{
"docid": "D292320#0",
"title": "http://esourcingwiki.com/index.php/Spend_Analysis_and_Opportunity_Assessment\nSpend Analysis and Opportunity Assessment",
"text": "\"Spend Analysis and Opportunity Assessmentnavigation search Spend Analysis and Opportunity Assessment There's Gold in Them There Hills ... Of Data Contents1 Executive Summary2 What is Spend Analysis:2.1 What is it?2.2 Who needs it?3 The Evolution of Spend Analysis3.1 How Spend Analysis Fits into the Overall Sourcing Process3.2 Functional Evolution:3.3 Technical Evolution: New Advanced Capabilities and Criteria3.4 Riding the Wave of Business Intelligence4 Spend Analysis Basics4.1 Spend Analysis Approaches:4.1.1 In-House Efforts4.1.2 Manual Approach4.1.3 Packaged Solutions4.2 What you don't know costs you money!4.2.1 The Risks of Putting off Spend Analysis: The longer you wait the more money you waste5 Which Companies Benefit the Most from Spend Analysis6 Why Some Companies Overlook the Benefits of Formal Spend Analysis6.1 Find the Benefits by Getting a True Picture of Your Company's Spending Landscape7 Justifying Spend Analysis7.1 How Much Are Companies Losing by Not Doing It?7.2 Why ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) Systems Are Not Enough7.2.1 ERP Data is Generally Incomplete7.2.2 ERP System Contains Duplicate Vendors7.2.3 The ERP System Does Not Contain Good Commodity Information7.2.4 ERP Data is Unchanging and Spend Analysis Data Changes All the Time7.3 Business Intelligence (BI) Systems and Spend Analysis8 Challenges for Organizations Implementing Spend Analysis9 Choosing a Spend Analysis Approach9.1 Spend Analysis Tools10 Newest Generation - Data-Driven Architecture:11 To UNSPSC or Not to UNSPSC? New Approaches to Spend Analysis Classification12 Why Home-Grown Tools Don't Compete Well against Spend Analysis Tools13 Classification \"\"Magic\"\" – Outsourcing Classification to Low-cost Labor Pools14 The Spend Analysis \"\"Manufacturing\"\" Process15 The Spend Analysis Process16 Data Collection Improvements17 Relate Improvements (Data Consolidation and Integration)18 Cleansing and Categorization Improvements19 Reporting and Analysis Improvements20 Impacts of the Spend Analysis Process Improvements21 After Deployment21.1 Spend Decision21.1.1 Refresh and Maintenance22 Spend Analysis Technology Requirements:22.1 Rules Engine22.2 Reporting Engine22.3 Pattern Detection23 Spend Analysis Technology Approaches:23.1 Tools Use23.2 Reporting24 Spend Analysis Applications:24.1 Commodity-Specific Datasets24.2 Demand Reduction24.3 Contracts System Integration24.4 Fraud Detection24.5 Opportunity Assessment25 Challenges of a Spend Analysis Project:25.1 Lack of Spend Understanding25.2 Lack of Resources25.3 Required Analytics Capabilities26 Best Practices:26.1 Identify Business Needs and Organizational Goals26.2 Define Corresponding Spend Visibility Requirements26.3 Understand and Baseline Organizational Spend26.4 Identify and Segment Key Commodities26.5 Leverage Category Expertise26.6 Have a Holistic Approach26.7 Analyze Continuously26.8 Utilize Decision Support Tools26.9 Ask the Right Questions26.10 Supply Base Optimization26.11 Cover the Majority of Global Spend26.12 Institutionalize Knowledge26.13 Invite Everyone to the Party26.14 Build More Than One Dataset27 Conclusion28 A Selected Bibliography29 Authors Executive Summary There's a common saying, \"\"you don't know what you don't know.\"\" In the absence of a Spend Analysis project, companies won't know what they don't know. Not knowing what and where you're spending means not knowing where you can save, especially the more disparate and geographically spread-out you are. To find the real savings opportunities, organizations must paint a true picture of the spending landscape by utilizing Spend Analysis tools to look at more detail, look at spend of international sites, and break down spend into more refined categories. The improved availability of data yielded by a Spend Visibility & Analysis tool allows businesses to employ evidence-based decision making at all levels of their organization. Data-driven Spend Analysis means more capabilities and savings opportunities at lesser cost. Sometimes, uncovering opportunities in just a few commodities can save millions of dollars. Statistics taken from 100 customer engagements show a minimum savings of 10x's the ROI on the Spend Analysis project. What is Spend Analysis: What is it?"
},
{
"docid": "D1837270#0",
"title": "https://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch5en/appl5en/ch5a4en.html\n.",
"text": "\"Home > Contents > Chapter 5 > Application 4Commodity Chain Analysis Author: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue1. The Structure of Commodity Chains Commodity chains (or value chains) reveal much about the global structure of production, the global economy and thus represent a notable field of investigation that has yet to be fully considered by transport geographers (see freight transportation and value chains ). Understanding the significance of commodity chains requires a comprehensive approach since they include much more than a simple transport consideration; an array of activities are generally involved. Commodity chain analysis. The identification of the actors and processes that contribute to the origination of a product that is consumed by a market, such as raw materials, food or consumption goods. Thus, a commodity chain includes a sequence of operations ranging from the extraction of raw materials, the assembly of intermediate goods, to the distribution to consumption markets. Commodity chain analysis can also consider only a specific segment related to a single product (or group of products). The analysis of such a complex chain of agents and processes considers several perspectives: Transactional perspective: Identification of the flows and of the transactions that create them. This particularly concerns the decision making process in the establishment and management of commodity chains. Comparative perspective: Assess the relative competitiveness of the elements of the commodity chains in terms of added value."
},
{
"docid": "D722123#0",
"title": "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/productionpossibilityfrontier.asp\nWhat is the 'Production Possibility Frontier - PPF'",
"text": "Error loading player: Flash plugin failed to load What is the 'Production Possibility Frontier - PPF'The production possibility frontier (PPF) is a curve depicting all maximum output possibilities for two goods, given a set of inputs consisting of resources and other factors. The PPF assumes that all inputs are used efficiently. Factors such as labor, capital and technology, among others, will affect the resources available, which will dictate where the production possibility frontier lies. The PPF is also known as the production possibility curve or the transformation curve. Next Up Marginal Rate Of Transformation Production Efficiency Economic Efficiency Efficiency BREAKING DOWN 'Production Possibility Frontier - PPF'The PPF indicates the production possibilities of two commodities when resources are fixed. This means that the production of one commodity can only increase when the production of the other commodity is reduced, due to the availability of resources. Therefore, the PPF measures the efficiency in which two commodities can be produced together, helping managers and leaders decide what mix of commodities are most beneficial. The PPF assumes that technology is constant, resources are used efficiently, and that there is normally only a choice between two commodities. Understanding and Interpreting the PPFThe PPF drives home the idea that opportunity costs normally come up when an economic organization with limited resources must decide between two alternatives. The PPF is depicted graphically as an arc, with one commodity on the X axis and the other commodity on the Y axis."
},
{
"docid": "D1274537#0",
"title": "http://erenkocyigit.com/structured-products-part-3-structured-products/\nStructured Products â Part 3: All About Structured Products",
"text": "Structured Products – Part 3: All About Structured Products (Part of Master Thesis: Kocyigit, Eren, “The Use Of Retail Structured Products And Their Applications In Turkey”, Istanbul Bilgi University, 2010)3. STRUCTURED PRODUCTS3.1. Definition of Structured Products Structured products are ‘tailor-made’ products which aim to provide the best solution to the investors with this ‘tailoring process’ (Kat 2001). There is not a single definition for structured products. Different definitions can be found in different sources.• Definitions of structured products from web;Web site (http://www.wikipedia.org/) defined structured product as ‘‘A structured product is generally a pre-packaged investment strategy based on derivatives, such as a single security, a basket of securities, options, indices, commodities, debt issuances and/or foreign currencies, and to a lesser extent, swaps. ’’Web site (http://www.hedgefund-index.com) defined structured product as ‘‘structured products are synthetic investment instruments specially created to meet specific needs that cannot be met from the standardized financial instruments available in the markets.’’• Definitions of structured products from well-known institutions;Definition of SSPA (Swiss Structured Products Association) is ‘‘structured products are investment products available to the public whose repayment value derives from the development of one or several underlying assets. ’’Definition of (http://www.structuredretailproducts.com ) is ‘‘structured products are investment products that generate a pre-defined return linked to one or more underlying financial prices, rates or indices.’’• Definitions of structured products from books;Structured products are defined as ‘‘structured products refer to combinations of individual financial instruments, such as bonds, stocks and derivatives.’’ by Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Structured Products Handbook 2004)According to Chorafas D. N (2007) ‘‘Structured products are securities that provide investors with a redemption amount, which may be with either full or partial capital protection, and a certain type of return."
},
{
"docid": "D624658#0",
"title": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/marx/\nKarl Marx",
"text": "Karl Marx First published Tue Aug 26, 2003; substantive revision Wed Apr 12, 2017Karl Marx (1818–1883) is best known not as a philosopher but as a revolutionary, whose works inspired the foundation of many communist regimes in the twentieth century. It is hard to think of many who have had as much influence in the creation of the modern world. Trained as a philosopher, Marx turned away from philosophy in his mid-twenties, towards economics and politics. However, in addition to his overtly philosophical early work, his later writings have many points of contact with contemporary philosophical debates, especially in the philosophy of history and the social sciences, and in moral and political philosophy. Historical materialism — Marx’s theory of history — is centered around the idea that forms of society rise and fall as they further and then impede the development of human productive power. Marx sees the historical process as proceeding through a necessary series of modes of production, characterized by class struggle, culminating in communism. Marx’s economic analysis of capitalism is based on his version of the labour theory of value, and includes the analysis of capitalist profit as the extraction of surplus value from the exploited proletariat. The analysis of history and economics come together in Marx’s prediction of the inevitable economic breakdown of capitalism, to be replaced by communism. However Marx refused to speculate in detail about the nature of communism, arguing that it would arise through historical processes, and was not the realisation of a pre-determined moral ideal.1. Marx’s Life and Works2."
},
{
"docid": "D1655031#0",
"title": "http://www.inspection.gc.ca/food/imports/commercial-importers/importing-food-products/eng/1376515896184/1376515983781?chap=0\nGuide to Importing Food Products Commercially",
"text": "\"Guide to Importing Food Products Commercially This page is part of the Guidance Document Repository (GDR). Looking for related documents? Search for related documents in the Guidance Document Repository Table of Contents Introduction Section A - Canadian Food Legislation Section B - Government Agencies and Departments Responsible for Imported Food Section C - Importer Responsibilities Section D - General Requirements for Foods Health and Safety Good Importing Practices Labelling Net Quantity Transportation Food Allergens Addition of Vitamin and Mineral Nutrients to Food Foods Containing Food Additives Food Irradiation Section E - Summary of Import Requirements for Food Commodities A Note on TRQs Alcoholic Beverages Dairy Products Eggs and Processed Eggs Fish and Fish Products Food Additives Food Colour Foods for Special Dietary Use, including Weight Loss Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Fruit and Vegetable Products - Processed Grains Honey Infant Formula (Human Milk Substitutes)Low Acid Foods in Hermetically Sealed Containers (Canned Foods)Margarine Maple Products Meat and Poultry Novel Foods - Biotechnology Organic Products Sports Nutrition Products Wildlife Section F - Import Procedures and Documents Canada Border Services Agency Requirements Canadian Food Inspection Agency's Automated Import System Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)Section G - Tariff Rate Quotas (TRQs)First-Come, First-Served (FCFS) Tariff Rate Quotas (TRQs)TRQs Subject to Allocations Appendices Appendix I - Federal Legislation Appendix II - Contact Information Appendix III - Product Codes Introduction Disclaimer The Canadian Food Inspection Agency and the Government of Canada accept no liability for and do not warrant the accuracy or content of information contained in any other site to which this Guide refers. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency is not affiliated with any commercial sites to which reference may be made. The views and opinions expressed in non-Agency sites to which reference may be made do not reflect the views, opinions or policies of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Information on non-federal government sites may not be available in both official languages. Purpose The purpose of this Guide is to present an overview of the federal regulatory and policy requirements for the commercial importation of food into Canada. It is designed for importers, consultants and those considering embarking on an import venture. Section A - Canadian Food Legislation The Food and Drugs Act and Regulations is the primary legislation that applies to all food sold in Canada, whether imported or domestic. This legislation sets out minimum health and safety requirements, as well as provisions preventing fraud or deception (labelling, composition, packaging, treatment, processing, sale and advertising)."
},
{
"docid": "D1542955#0",
"title": "http://www.fao.org/Wairdocs/X5405E/x5405e08.htm\nChapter 6 - Organizing a workshop",
"text": "Chapter 6 - Organizing a workshop Coordinating Committee Expected outputs Institutional support Baseline documents Resource persons Selection of participants Development of workshop agenda Conducting the workshop Collection of missing information Checklist for organizing a workshop It is expected that workshops using the CSAM methodology will be held in third world countries, sponsored by one or more national institutions, with perhaps an international institution providing technical or financial assistance. Participants in the workshops will form an interdisciplinary group, including farmers, marketing intermediaries, and public sector professionals. A coordinating individual or group will be designated to oversee all aspects of the workshop, including planning, implementation and presentation of the results to appropriate authorities. Coordinating Committee A Coordinating Committee for the workshop should be formed several weeks or months prior to the expected inauguration of the event. Members of this committee should be drawn from each of the sponsoring and support institutions. The Coordinating Committee should determine the objectives of the workshop, identify the needs in personnel, financial and logistical support to obtain the desired results, identify the type of support to be provided by the sponsoring institutions and take care of the necessary organization and management. Chairperson: Selected as the head of the Coordinating Committee, the Chairperson is responsible for communication and coordination with other institutions involved in the event, oversees all sub-committees, has the final word on all decisions affecting the workshop, and is responsible for its success or failure. Secretariat: The Secretariat includes a coordinator, designated by the Chairperson, one or more secretaries, one or more drivers, and a support staff (as needed) to provide drawing, copying and other required services. Provided on a full-time basis by the respective institutions sponsoring the workshop, the Secretariat provides all the necessary secretarial and administrative services to the resource persons and the workshop participants. It prepares all draft documents, insuring that they are properly organized and stored on word processors, and distributes the final workshop report at the closing ceremony of the workshop."
},
{
"docid": "D2582326#0",
"title": "http://www.marxist.com/what-is-marxism-economics-materialism.htm\nWhat is Marxism",
"text": "What is Marxism Print Rob Sewell and Alan Woods 15 March 2000Share Tweet+1We are reproducing a slightly edited version of What is Marxism? by Rob Sewell and Alan Woods, last published in 1983 to celebrate the centenary of the death of Karl Marx. The three articles on the fundamental aspects of Marxism, Marxist Economics, Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materialism were originally published separately in the 1970s. These articles are a good, brief introduction to the basic methods of Marxism and can serve as a first approach to the ideas developed by Marx and Engels. An Introduction to Dialectical Materialism Introduction to Historical Materialism Introduction to Marxist Economics1983 Introduction Marxism, or Scientific Socialism, is the name given to the body of ideas first worked out by Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820-1895). In their totality, these ideas provide a fully worked-out theoretical basis for the struggle of the working class to attain a higher form of human society--socialism. While the conceptions of Marxism have been subsequently developed and enriched by the historical experience of the working class itself, the fundamental ideas remain unshaken, providing a firm foundation for the Labour Movement today. Neither before, nor since the lifetime of Marx and Engels have any superior, more truthful or scientific theories been advanced to explain the movement of society and the role of the working class in that movement. A knowledge of Marxism therefore equips the proletariat theoretically for the great historic task of the Socialist transformation of Society. It is this fact which explains the constant and bitter attacks on all aspects of Marxism which have been delivered by every conceivable defender of the existing social order--from the Tory to the Fabian, from the Jesuit priest to the University professor."
},
{
"docid": "D2955290#0",
"title": "http://procurement.schoolnutrition.org/glossary\nThe School Nutrition Procurement Toolkit",
"text": "\"Glossary of Terms Agreement — Donated Food, Processing - A legal document entered into between a processor and a distributing agency or eligible recipient agency that provides for the further processing of USDA donated foods. Processing agreements are not viable until the distributing agency approves them prior to the commencement to processing. A processing agreement is also referred to as a processing contract. Aggregate Award - awarding bid items in like categories (e.g. canned, staple and frozen foods,milk, other dairy products, bakery items) for a specific period of time. Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) - The USDA agency responsible for purchasing surplus-removal items such as meat, poultry, fruits, and vegetables. AMS also provides end product certification that, at a minimum, certifies against non—diversion and non-substitution of donated food. AMS Purchases Group A commodities. Allocation - The method of notifying FNS Regional Offices and distributing agencies of the amounts of Group A commodities purchased for eligible recipient agencies and the shipping periods for these donated foods. Award or Bid - following a formal request for prices, the bid award goes to the vendor who offered the lowest and best price on a product or group of products as established in the bid documents. Backhaul - The pick up of a donated food from a DPI or recipient agency for processing and return."
},
{
"docid": "D1294004#0",
"title": "http://www.isreview.org/issues/52/postindustrial.shtml\n.",
"text": "While the shifts in production have been devastating to U. S. workers—and workers around the world—they do not amount to the dislocation of industry from the United States—or the abolition of the industrial working class globally. Capital is “freer” than before, but the ability to move production is exaggerated in order to foster protectionism and nationalism among workers—as part of the propaganda that accompanies the drive to constantly increase production—and to create a sense of powerlessness in the face of supposedly unstoppable economic forces. While there has been a relative decline in the size the manufacturing workforce in the advanced economies, in other nations such as China and South Korea the industrial proletariat has exploded in size. These are certainly shifts in production, but they are not shifts from the centrality of production. The many faces of the service sector The size of the manufacturing workforce has declined in the advanced economies of the North—relative to the growth of what are called “services.” According to the AFL-CIO, most of the top ten jobs projected to grow the most are in services. 66 In most of these occupations the average wage is under $10 an hour. However, the growth in services is not in opposition to industrial society but as a direct result of the needs of highly advanced—more productive—global lean production. Proponents of the idea that society is becoming post-industrial frequently cite the growth of services as a sign of the diminishing importance of industry. In purely empirical terms they are right—services as a percentage of total jobs have skyrocketed while manufacturing has declined."
},
{
"docid": "D1530542#0",
"title": "http://openstudy.com/updates/532fa82ee4b01b050103eb1f\nWhich of the following is a product that is considered a commodity? new automobiles low grade gasoline wrapping paper apple candy",
"text": "High School Business 5 points Which of the following is a product that is considered a commodity? new automobiles low grade gasoline wrapping paper apple candy Ask for details Follow Reportby Jenn Aidnatalambi Ly 09/13/2016Only registered members have access to verified answers Join now Answersmetchelle Ambitious A commodity is defined as raw material or product that can be bought and sold. It is a marketable item that is to satisfy the wants and needs of the consumers. Among the given products above, the one that is considered as a commodity is option B. low grade gasoline. A gasoline is considered as an energy commodity. Comments Report5.0 1 vote Thanks 4The Brain Helper Not sure about the answer? See next answers Learn more with Brainly!Having trouble with your homework? Get free help!80% of questions are answered in under 10 minutes Answers come with explanations, so that you can learn Answer quality is ensured by our experts I want a free account!"
},
{
"docid": "D2054774#0",
"title": "http://inspection.gc.ca/animals/terrestrial-animals/imports/policies/animal-products-and-by-products/2002-10/eng/1321114625865/1321114984376\nAnimal Health Import Requirements for Raw Inedible Products and Rendered products",
"text": "\"Animal Health Import Requirements for Raw Inedible Products and Rendered products This page is part of the Guidance Document Repository (GDR). Looking for related documents? Search for related documents in the Guidance Document Repository TAHD-DSAT-IE-2002-10-10Amendments: Added table of contents Negligible and controlled risk for BSE country lists updated Added in links to Health Canada contact points for raw products for pharmaceutical uses Expanded and clarified the following: Raw inedible requirements – by end use Inserted Health Canada guidance document URL 's on raw inedible for pharmaceutical use Facility questionnaire now in a separate document, and is generic for multiple commodities. Note: This import policy relates to Animal Health import requirements and does not remove any obligation to the Canadian importer to comply with the import requirements of other Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) programs and/or departments, such as the Animal Feed Division, the Fertilizer section of the Plant Production Division, the Meat Programs Division, or the Aquatic Animal Health Division or other Government of Canada requirements. Table of Contents Authority Definitions Overview of Import Requirements for Rendered Products and Raw Inedible Products Raw inedible products for the end uses specified in this policy Documentation requirements (general)Record-Keeping Requirements for Rendered Products (Meals, Greaves, Fats, and Oils)List of Countries by BSE Designation Requirements by Commodity type: Section I – Meals or Greaves1. Product of Terrestrial Animal Origin, Not Detailed Elsewhere2. Fish Meal3. Dried Bovine Blood and Blood Meal Products From a Country in Which the Rendering Inspection System Is Recognized as Equivalent to Canada's Section II – Rendered Fats and Oils1. Fish Oil from All Countries and for All End Uses, Other than for Human Consumption2. Avian and Mammalian Fats and Oils from a Country in Which the Rendering Inspection System Is Recognized as Equivalent to Canada's3."
},
{
"docid": "D3312929#0",
"title": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2015/11/06/2015-28356/acetamiprid-pesticide-tolerances\nACTION:",
"text": "AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This regulation revises existing tolerances with regional restrictions for residues of acetamiprid in or on clover, forage and clover, hay. Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) requested this tolerance action under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). DATES: This regulation is effective November 6, 2015. Objections and requests for hearings must be received on or before January 5, 2016, and must Start Printed Page 68773 be filed in accordance with the instructions provided in 40 CFR part 178 (see also Unit I. C. of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION ). ADDRESSES: The docket for this action, identified by docket identification (ID) number EPA-HQ-OPP-2014-0740, is available at http://www.regulations.gov or at the Office of Pesticide Programs Regulatory Public Docket (OPP Docket) in the Environmental Protection Agency Docket Center (EPA/DC), West William Jefferson Clinton Bldg., Rm. 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW.,"
},
{
"docid": "D3120112#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/What-is-commodity-trading-in-laymans-terms\nWhat is commodity trading, in layman's terms?",
"text": "\"Saloni Chadha, a double post graduate in Economics & Finance Answered Nov 19, 2014How to Invest in Commodities? Trading in commodities offers an immense potential for a separate class of asset investment and portfolio diversification. Though trading in commodities might be considered as an unfathomable market by some retail investors, yet it is easy to understand trading in commodities taking into consideration, the fundamentals of demand and supply concerns. For those who want to diversify their investments beyond equities and real estate, commodity trading is the best option! The investors can now trade in commodity futures on the multi-commodity exchanges in the country, without carrying any physical stocks. However, before taking a leap, the interested prospects should understand the risks and advantages of trading in commodities. Gold As an Investment Instrument: Gold is traded worldwide based on the intraday spot prices. Derivatives including forwards, futures and options can also be traded on various commodity exchanges all over the world. In India, gold futures are traded on the MCX and NCDEX division. The exchanges have a national presence which enable electronic trading and settlement systems."
},
{
"docid": "D1949480#0",
"title": "http://worldwide-commodities.com/futures-contract/\nfutures contract",
"text": "futures contract In finance, a futures contract (more colloquially, futures) is a standardized contract between two parties to buy or sell a specified asset of standardized quantity and quality for a price agreed upon today (the futures price or strike price) with delivery and payment occurring at a specified future date, the delivery date. The contracts are negotiated at a futures exchange, which acts as an intermediary between the two parties. The party agreeing to buy the underlying asset in the future, the “buyer” of the contract, is said to be “ long “, and the party agreeing to sell the asset in the future, the “seller” of the contract, is said to be “ short “. The terminology reflects the expectations of the parties—the buyer hopes or expects that the asset price is going to increase, while the seller hopes or expects that it will decrease in near future. In many cases, the underlying asset to a futures contract may not be traditional commodities at all – that is, for financial futures the underlying item can be any financial instrument (also including currency, bonds, and stocks ); they can be also based on intangible assets or referenced items, such as stock indexes and interest rates. While the futures contract specifies a trade taking place in the future, the purpose of the futures exchange institution is to act as intermediary and minimize the risk of default by either party. Thus the exchange requires both parties to put up an initial amount of cash, the margin. Additionally, since the futures price will generally change daily, the difference in the prior agreed-upon price and the daily futures price is settled daily also (variation margin). The exchange will draw money out of one party’s margin account and put it into the other’s so that each party has the appropriate daily loss or profit. If the margin account goes below a certain value, then a margin call is made and the account owner must replenish the margin account."
},
{
"docid": "D1082630#0",
"title": "http://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=8,8995,0,0,1,0\nMarxism and Buddhism",
"text": "\"Home > Opinion Marxism and Buddhism By Dr. Ruwan M Jayatunge, Sri Lanka Guardian, March 16, 2010Colombo, Sri lanka -- The two scholars who wrote on the comparisons between Marxism and Buddhism were Dr. Ambedkar and Dr Victor Gunasekara of Queensland University Australia. Dr. Ambedkar saw a very few similarities between Marxism and Buddhism. Dr Victor Gunasekara in his scientific article Marxism in a Buddhist Perspective states that Marx wrote extensively on religion but not on Buddhism which he did not really encounter. Dr . Gunasekara further says , “When we leave the critique of religion and God, where Buddhism and Marxism have something in common, and consider ether aspects, the differences in the two systems begin to emerge. These differences exist and are real; but they should neither be exaggerated nor minimized. We may commence by considering to what extent the three signata discovered by the Buddha could be traced in Marx's writings. The three fundamental laws discovered by the Buddha are that all phenomena are characterized by Impermanence (anicca), unsatisfactoriness (dukkha) and insubstantiality (anatta). The proximity of any philosophical system to Buddhism could be gauged by the extent to which it affirms the existence of these three slignata\"\" in phenomena. To apply this test to Marxism we have to identify the basic categories which Marxism uses in the analysis of phenomena, and see how far they are related to the signata of Buddhism. ”"
},
{
"docid": "D3481197#0",
"title": "http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/y2200e/y2200e07.htm\nDefinitions for the Purposes of the Codex Alimentarius",
"text": "Definitions for the Purposes of the Codex Alimentarius For the purposes of the Codex Alimentarius: Food means any substance, whether processed, semi-processed or raw, which is intended for human consumption, and includes drink, chewing gum and any substance which has been used in the manufacture, preparation or treatment of “food” but does not include cosmetics or tobacco or substances used only as drugs. Food hygiene comprises conditions and measures necessary for the production, processing, storage and distribution of food designed to ensure a safe, sound, wholesome product fit for human consumption. Food additive means any substance not normally consumed as a food by itself and not normally used as a typical ingredient of the food, whether or not it has nutritive value, the intentional addition of which to food for a technological (including organoleptic) purpose in the manufacture, processing, preparation, treatment, packing, packaging, transport or holding of such food results, or may be reasonably expected to result, (directly or indirectly) in it or its by-products becoming a component of or otherwise affecting the characteristics of such foods. The term does not include “contaminants” or substances added to food for maintaining or improving nutritional qualities. Contaminant means any substance not intentionally added to food, which is present in such food as a result of the production (including operations carried out in crop husbandry, animal husbandry and veterinary medicine), manufacture, processing, preparation, treatment, packing, packaging, transport or holding of such food or as a result of environmental contamination. The term does not include insect fragments, rodent hairs and other extraneous matter. Pesticide means any substance intended for preventing, destroying, attracting, repelling, or controlling any pest including unwanted species of plants or animals during the production, storage, transport, distribution and processing of food, agricultural commodities, or animal feeds or which may be administered to animals for the control of ectoparasites. The term includes substances intended for use as a plant growth regulator, defoliant, desiccant, fruit thinning agent, or sprouting inhibitor and substances applied to crops either before or after harvest to protect the commodity from deterioration during storage and transport. The term normally excludes fertilizers, plant and animal nutrients, food additives, and animal drugs. Pesticide Residue means any specified substance in food, agricultural commodities, or animal feed resulting from the use of a pesticide."
},
{
"docid": "D1198078#0",
"title": "https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fs121\nFederal Regulation of the Food IndustryâPart 2: Federal Regulatory Agencies 1",
"text": "�Federal Regulation of the Food Industry—Part 2: Federal Regulatory Agencies 1Ronald H. Schmidt, Douglas L. Archer, and Michael T. Olexa 2In general, the federal government is organized into departments, independent establishments, and government corporations. Federal departments are composed of federal agencies that are each an authority of the federal government, often in a particular field of expertise (e.g., environmentalism or national defense). Agencies can either be executive agencies, subject to the authority of the president or legislative agencies under authority of congress. An independent establishment (or agency) or government corporation, is not part of a department, and for the most part, is regarded as independent of the authority of the executive branch, as intended by Congress. Federal agencies can have both quasi-legislative and quasi-judicial power; the capability of passing legally binding regulations, and via its own administrative judicial processes, issue judicial decisions in individual cases. The following provides a general overview of federal government organizations with emphasis on those agencies involved with the regulation of the food industry. Federal Departments The executive branch of the US Government oversees the fifteen departments listed in Table 1. The director of each department (i.e., secretary) is a cabinet-level appointment by the president. Table 1. Federal Departments U. S. Department of Agriculture U. S. Department of Commerce U. S. Department of Defense U. S. Department of Education U. S. Department of Energy U. S. Department of Health and Human Services U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development U. S. Department of Homeland Security U. S. Department of the Interior U. S. Department of Justice U. S. Department of Labor U. S. Department of State U. S. Department of Transportation U. S. Department of the Treasury U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs The federal departments and agencies directly or indirectly involved in the regulation of the food industry are discussed below."
}
] |
8263 | which of the following is a venomous lizard? | [
{
"docid": "D1937843#0",
"title": "http://animal-world.com/encyclo/reptiles/lizards_venomous/Venomous.php\nVenomous Lizards",
"text": "Animal-World > Reptiles - Amphibians > Venomous Lizards Features Thumbnail Identification Reptiles - Amphibians Index Venomous Lizards - Species Venomous Lizards Articles Reptiles - Amphibians Articles Venomous Lizards Gila Monster, Mexican Beaded Lizard Gila Monster Photo © Animal-World: Courtesy David Brough The Gila Monster and Mexican Beaded Lizard are two venomous lizards, but there are more!The most well known venomous lizards are the Gila Monster and the Mexican Beaded Lizard. They are found in North America, specifically in south-western United States and Mexico. These lizards are classified in the Family Helodermatidae which has one genus containing only these two species. These two poisonous lizards have been steeped in mythology, probably because of their secretive lifestyles. The myths swirling about these mysterious creatures said the Gila Monsters and Beaded lizards were immortal. They were described with forked tongues, and all that they ate was spewed back out through their mouths as venomous waste. They could leap high in the air, and if they bit someone, they would not let go until they heard the sound of thunder, or the sun finally set. Yet the facts about these two venomous reptiles are just as curious and intriguing as those inspired myths. Both species of Heloderma have a stout body with a broad head, well developed limbs, and a short fat tail. They are sluggish in habit, but are quick to strike their prey."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D835537#0",
"title": "http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/banded_gila_monster.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Banded Gila Monster Genus: Heloderma Species: suspectum cinetum The Banded Gila Monster is very shy but can strike back very quickly, with painful results. It is a subspecies of the Gila Monster (Heloderma suspectum), and is one of two venomous types of lizard in the world. They are pink, orange and red. Four or five black bands with spots in them run around the body. The tail is also banded. Their heads are spotted with black around their eyes and mouth. Theirpatterns are really amazing because their colors send out a warning to any predators that they are venomous. The Banded Gila Monster can get to be 2 feet long and can weigh up to 3 pounds. They have a big head, fat body, and a thick, short tail. They have short legs with average sized claws for a lizard of its size."
},
{
"docid": "D1932816#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptilia\nReptile",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Reptilia)navigation search For other uses, see Reptile (disambiguation). Reptiles Temporal range: Pennsylvanian – Present, 312–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg NClockwise from above left: Green sea turtle ( Chelonia mydas ), Tuatara ( Sphenodon punctatus ), Nile crocodile ( Crocodylus niloticus ), and Sinai agama ( Pseudotrapelus sinaitus ). Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Clade: Sauropsida Class: Reptilia Laurenti, 1768Extant groups Crocodilia (crocodilians)Lepidosauria (lepidosaurs)Rhynchocephalia ( tuatara and relatives)Squamata (lizards & snakes)Testudines (turtles)Aves (birds) (included in cladistic analyses, but excluded in traditional taxonomy)See text for extinct groups. Global reptile distribution (excluding birds)Reptiles are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives. The study of these traditional reptile orders, historically combined with that of modern amphibians, is called herpetology. Because some reptiles are more closely related to birds than they are to other reptiles (e.g., crocodiles are more closely related to birds than they are to lizards), the traditional groups of \"\"reptiles\"\" listed above do not together constitute a monophyletic grouping or clade (consisting of all descendants of a common ancestor). For this reason, many modern scientists prefer to consider the birds part of Reptilia as well, thereby making Reptilia a monophyletic class, including all living Diapsids. [ 1] [2] [3] [4]The earliest known proto-reptiles originated around 312 million years ago during the Carboniferous period, having evolved from advanced reptiliomorph tetrapods that became increasingly adapted to life on dry land. Some early examples include the lizard-like Hylonomus and Casineria. In addition to the living reptiles, there are many diverse groups that are now extinct, in some cases due to mass extinction events."
},
{
"docid": "D408460#0",
"title": "http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/Interpreting-Shared-Characteristics-The-Platypus-Genome-44568\nInterpreting Shared Characteristics: The Platypus Genome",
"text": "\"Nature Publishing Group Video: Genome Analysis of the Duck-Billed Platypus The recent publication of a draft of the platypus genome (Warren et al ., 2008) has garnered a great deal of newspaper coverage, much of which has been misleading. Over and over again, the article lead is that the platypus is \"\"weird\"\" or \"\"odd,\"\" or even worse, that the animal is a chimera. One author, for instance, describes the platypus as a \"\"genetic potpourri—part bird, part reptile, and part lactating mammal\"\" (AFP, 2008). Unfortunately, such statements are inaccurate. In reality, the platypus is not part bird, as birds are an independent and (directly) unrelated lineage. Moreover, although one could say that the platypus is part reptile, it is so only in the sense that it is a member of the great reptilian clade that also includes prototherians, marsupials, birds, lizards, snakes, dinosaurs, and eutherian mammals (including humans). Using this line of reasoning, we humans could say with equal justification that we, too, are part reptile. The truth about the platypus—and what makes the animal's recent genomic sequencing particularly interesting—is that it belongs to a lineage that separated from ours approximately 166 million years ago, deep in the Mesozoic era, and since that time, it has independently lost different elements of our last common ancestor. By comparing bits of the platypus genome that were conserved with those that were lost, researchers can develop a clearer picture of what Jurassic mammals were like, and they can also determine what sorts of genetic traits contemporary mammals have gained and lost over the course of evolution."
},
{
"docid": "D3540721#0",
"title": "http://listverse.com/2013/05/22/10-terrifying-and-dangerous-turtles-and-lizards/\n10 Terrifying And Dangerous Turtles and Lizards",
"text": "Animals10 Terrifying And Dangerous Turtles and Lizards Ron Harlan May 22, 2013Share 231 Stumble 42 Tweet Pin 240 +1 11 Share 1525Reptile attack: Nothing strikes fear into the human mind faster than the clash between prehistoric crocodiles or venomous snakes and modern man. However, we are not talking about these well-known dangers. In this shocking list, we look at the horrific Monster Lizards and Terror Turtles on Earth. Some are capable of killing, others, dismembering, or simply chewing your hand apart. The sight of a hard shell or thin tail signals danger beyond your expectations…10Green Iguana The Iguana has become a fairly popular pet in recent years, and advocates would say having this giant, prehistoric looking reptile around is like an alternative to a dog. Although herbivorous, the Iguana can be unpredictable, and possesses razor sharp teeth. On several occasions, savage injuries have resulted when “tame” but powerful Iguana have become agitated and latched on their owners face or slashed hands with teeth and claws. Iguana may weigh up to 18 pounds and reach over 6 feet in length, making an attack by this giant lizard nothing to joke about. Emergency room visits could very well follow your visit to Jurassic park.9Leatherback Sea Turtle The Leatherback Sea Turtle is the largest of all turtles, occasionally reaching over 8 feet in length. These 2,000 pound omnivores are possibly the widest ranging vertebrate animal on Earth, but are becoming rare and endangered due to development, pollution and bycatch."
},
{
"docid": "D830496#0",
"title": "https://nature.mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/general-species-information/amphibian-and-reptile-facts/snake-facts\nSnake Facts",
"text": "\"Snake Facts Overviewwestern_ratsnake_on_leaves_1-2-15.jpg The western ratsnake was long known as the black rat snake, and many know it simply as \"\"black snake. \"\" Jim Rathert View snakes in the field guide. Some people have such a dread of snakes that they actually avoid going outdoors to fish, hunt, hike, or picnic. Others kill every snake they see. This is too bad, both for the people who let the fear of snakes keep them from enjoying nature, and for nature itself. It's relatively easy to avoid direct encounters with snakes, and all snakes — even venomous ones — help control populations of rodents and other pests. Getting to know the kinds, natural history, and distribution of Missouri's snakes can help you overcome your fear of them and appreciate their role in nature. Snakebites are Rare Contrary to popular belief, snakes do not go looking for people to bite. In fact, snakes are more afraid of you than you are of them. Important to People and Nature Missouri, with its variety of wildlife habitats, is home to a total of 47 species and subspecies of snakes."
},
{
"docid": "D2228711#0",
"title": "http://thedailybugle.wikia.com/wiki/Curt_Connors\nCurt Connors",
"text": "\"“ You want 'monster,' Octopus? I'll show you... monster! Rragh!!!! ”— Lizard to Doc Ock in \"\" The Lizard \"\"Curt Connors/The Lizard [ [File: |250px|Curt Connors]]Biographical information Real name Curtis \"\"Curt\"\" Connors Physical description Species Mutated Human Gender Male Age40Personal information Affiliation S. H. I. E. L. D. (as Dr. Curtis Connors) Sinister Six (as Lizard) (Unwillingly) Sinister Six (tech) (as Lizard) (Unwillingly)Production details First appearance Great Responsibility (as Curt Connors) The Lizard (as Lizard)Last appearance Lizards (as Lizard) Graduation Day: Part 2 (as Curt Connors)Voiced by Tom Kenny (\"\" Great Responsibility \"\", \"\" Me Time \"\" and \"\" Awesome \"\") Dee Bradley Baker GALLERYCurtis \"\"Curt\"\" Connors is a S. H. I. E. L. D. scientist working on many advanced technologies. Through the loss of his arm, and a serum of lizard DNA, the Lizard is formed. As The Lizard, he was (unwillingly) a member of the first Sinister Six and the second Sinister Six . Contents [ show]Physical appearance Curt Connors Curt Connors is a Caucasian man and wears a S. H. I. E. L. D. uniform with a lab coat. He has brown hair and blue eyes. He has two complete arms instead of one. [ 1] However, he lost his right arm because of the Green Goblin 's attack on the S. H. I. E. L. D. Helicarrier ."
},
{
"docid": "D2016573#0",
"title": "http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/h-1398\nReptiles of Alabama",
"text": "\"Reptiles of Alabama David H. Nelson, University of South Alabama Green Anole Alabama is home to approximately 85 species of native reptiles, including turtles, lizards, snakes, and one species of crocodilian, the American alligator. The state's warm, temperate climate and great variety of aquatic and terrestrial habitats provide homes to reptile species that range in size from the ground skink ( Scincella lateralis ), at three inches long (seven centimeters), to the Atlantic leatherback sea turtle ( Dermochelys coriacea ), which at 74 inches long (178 centimeters) and up to 1,200 pounds (544 kilograms) is the world's largest turtle. In addition, four species of exotic lizards may have become established in recent years. Reptiles are an integral and important part of Alabama's ecology. Reptiles are ectothermic (\"\"cold blooded\"\"), air-breathing, vertebrate animals characterized by amniote (usually shelled) eggs, scales, claws, and sometimes horns or rattles. Although most lay eggs, some reptiles (including all pit vipers) give birth to live young. Some reptiles may appear to be shiny, but their waxy skin generally lacks glands and is not moist (as in most amphibians ). Because the body temperatures of reptiles are determined by the temperatures of their surrounding environments, their activities are largely restricted to the warmer seasons. They frequently bask in the warming rays of the sun to absorb heat, which is essential for normal activity. Reptiles generally become dormant during cold winter months."
},
{
"docid": "D3090475#0",
"title": "https://animalsake.com/different-types-of-lizards\nA List of Different Types of Lizards With Facts and Pictures",
"text": "A List of Different Types of Lizards With Facts and Pictures There are more than 5600 species of lizards found on Earth. Each of them has unique characteristics with regards to their food, habitat and self-defense. Lizards have become popular pets in the western world, with species like geckos, green iguanas and anoles being the famous ones. It is very important to research well and learn about the species before you decide to keep it as a pet. CLASSIFICATION OF DIFFERENT TYPE OF LIZARDSKingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Superclass: Tetrapoda Class: Reptilia Order: Squamata Suborder: Lacertilia Lizards are one of biggest, most diverse and widespread group of reptiles found on Earth. They are found on all continents, except Antarctica. Their color, size and diet varies according to different geographical terrains. Lizards have been in existence before the Jurassic era (208-144 million years ago), a little after the Carboniferous period. They have been evolving ever since, adapting to their environment and habitat. The Early Signs of Lizard The earliest known fossil remains of a lizard is of an iguana species in India, the fossil is estimated to be around 220 million years old."
},
{
"docid": "D2577724#0",
"title": "https://www.planetdeadly.com/animals/venomous-animals-world\nThe Most Venomous Animals in the World",
"text": "The Most Venomous Animals in the World12 April 3, 2015It seems that our fears of animals are based around two main themes; there are those with the big pointy teeth that are just looking for an excuse to eat us alive and there are those that, whilst seemingly innocuous, pack a secret weapon so deadly that half the world seem to have a phobia about them. These are the venomous animals that can deliver lethal toxins through their bites and stings. Unlike many of the factors involved in ranking an animals danger to man, the strength of venom can and has been measured. This is recorded as the LD 50 (median lethal dose) which basically tells us how much is required to kill an average human (or mouse). The most powerful of these natural toxins are nearly 1,000 times more deadly than poisons such as arsenic and cyanide. Venomous vs Poisonous Now there seems to be a good deal of confusion about whether an animal is venomous or poisonous. Venomous creatures are often described as poisonous and vice versa. Both types have toxins, and both types can be considered dangerous, where they differ is in how they deliver this. Poisons require the victim to ingest/eat them, or can be absorbed through the skin when touched. However, a venom is injected into the victim by means of a bite or a sting."
},
{
"docid": "D948331#0",
"title": "http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/weird-news/terrifying-picture-shows-puppy-sized-spider-4479387\nTerrifying picture shows puppy-sized spider with huge venom-filled FANGS found in the rainforest",
"text": "\"News Terrifying picture shows puppy-sized spider with huge venom-filled FANGS found in the rainforest Scientist Piotr Naskrecki was deep in a rainforest when he heard rustling from the undergrowth - it turned out to be the world's biggest spider Share By Anthony Bond22:43, 21 OCT 2014 Updated 07:29, 22 OCT 2014Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox+ Subscribe Spider the size of a puppy with tw-inch fangs found in rainforest View gallery These terrifying pictures show a spider which is the size of a small dog complete with two-inch fangs. Scientist Piotr Naskrecki was in a South American rainforest when he heard a noise from the undergrowth. Expecting it to be a rat, he was left astonished when he saw this monster. It turned out to be the South American Goliath Birdeater - the largest spider in the world. Incredibly, the spider has a leg span which can grow up to a foot - which is the size of a child's forearm. They can also weight more than 6 ounces and come complete with two-inch fangs full of venom. Goliath Bird-eating Spider (Theraphosa blondi), Surinam (Image: Piotr Naskrecki/Minden Pictures)Speaking to Live Science, Mr Naskrecki said: “When I turned on the light, I couldn’t quite understand what I was seeing. \"\" Later writing in his blog, he added: \"\"Its feet have hardened tips and claws that produce a very distinct, clicking sound, not unlike that of a horse’s hoofs hitting the ground. \"\" The Goliath birdeater belongs to the tarantula family. Its venomous fangs can break the human skin but it is similar to a wasp sting."
},
{
"docid": "D1788782#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/pets-animals/predators-komodo-dragon-798607bf827d70fc\nWho Are the Predators of the Komodo Dragon?",
"text": "Pets & Animals Reptiles Lizards Q: Who Are the Predators of the Komodo Dragon? A: Quick Answer Komodo dragons are the top predators in their range, and adults do not suffer predation by any species. Young Komodo dragons sometimes fall prey to predatory mammals, birds and other Komodo dragons. Juveniles live in trees as protection until they are large enough to defend themselves. Continue Reading Keep Learning In Which Type of Biome Can a Komodo Dragon Usually Be Found? What Are Some Facts About Komodo Dragons? How Many Komodo Dragons Are Left in the World? Credit: Vicki Burton CC-BY-SA 2.0Full Answer While they have no natural predators as adults, Komodo dragons do suffer from human poaching. Their populations are also threatened by habitat destruction and prey depletion. Komodo dragons are the largest species of lizard."
},
{
"docid": "D2159136#0",
"title": "http://ipfactly.com/top-11-dangerous-desert-animals/\nTop 11 Most Dangerous Desert Animals",
"text": "List Articles Animal List Articles Top 11 Most Dangerous Desert Animals By IP Factly - Sep 6, 2016 153Facebook Twitter Google+ Pinterest Amazon Wish List Share Top 11 Most Dangerous Desert Animals African wild dog (Lycaon pictus pictus), Tswalu Kalahari Reserve, South Africa. Photo by Charlesjsharp cc4.0Scalding hot during the day and freezing cold at night, the desert is one of the world’s harshest environments. There is hardly any water, either. The sand is hard to walk on, the winds can be strong and sandstorms can erupt with barely a moment’s notice. There’s no shade or modern transportation, and if that’s not enough, here’s one more reason to make you think thrice before embarking on a trip across the desert — deserts are teeming with dangerous animals. Still want to go? Here are eleven of the most dangerous desert animals to watch out for. Top 11 Most Dangerous Desert Animals – Summary in Under 120 Seconds! – To comment on the video watch it on youtube…1. Snakes Snakes can be found in warm places all over the world and yes, they can be found in deserts, too."
},
{
"docid": "D66791#0",
"title": "https://sites.google.com/site/venomousdangerous/snakes/australia-s-most-venomous-snakes\nVenomous, Poisonous, Dangerous, and other Wonders",
"text": "Australia has over 140 species of land snake - and 32 species of sea snakes have been recorded in its waters-. Of these 100 species are venomous, although only a dozen are considered venomous enough to be fatal to humans. However, though Australian snakes are currently viewed as the most venomous in the world, they are, by no means, the most dangerous. One reason for this is perhaps that having had very little time to adapt to the short human presence on their continent, Australian snakes are generally very shy and have not developed means to defend themselves against human predation, unlike, for example, the spitting cobras of Asia and Africa. Another reason is that Australia is big and not densely populated by humans. As a result, snake bites are anything but common in Australia. Besides, many of these bites occur when people - often under the influence of alcohol - try to handle or kill the snakes. A number of bites also happen when people inadvertently step on snakes (correct behavior and proper footwear could avoid these bites). Even then, many Australian snakes will first try to escape and, in case they do bite, they usually don't inject venom. It is thus estimated that only 2 to 6 fatal cases of unavoidable snake bites happened in Australia between 1980 and 2004 (a period of 24 years)."
},
{
"docid": "D2282360#0",
"title": "http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/galleries/1068-snakes-and-lizards\nSnakes and Lizards",
"text": "\"Cl ip A rt ETC Animals Reptiles Snakes and Lizards Snakes and Lizards1 2 3The Snakes and Lizards Clip Art gallery offers 147 illustrations of the order Squamata, which includes snakes, lizards, geckos, iguanas, skinks, and worm lizards. Ablepharus\"\"A genus of harmless lizards, family Scincidæ, with five-toes feet and only rudimentary…Acanthophis\"\"A genus of venomous serpents, they are of small size, live on dry land, and feed upon frogs, lizards,…Adder\"\"Adder, or Viper (Pelias Berus)\"\"-Whitney, 1902Agama\"\"Agama brachyura-A family of saurian reptiles, order LAcertilia, superfamily Agamoidea. \"\" -Whitney, 1902Brown amphisbaena Ranging from eighteen to twenty-four inches long, the brown amphisbaena feeds on worms and insects,…Asp A small species of venemous serpent found in the European Alps. Asp\"\"Asp, as an Egyptian royal symbol.- Seti I., father of Rameses II. \"\" -Whitney, 1902Asp A small hooded and poisonous serpent of Egypt. Asp\"\"A venomous serpent, the name of which has come down from ancient times; the vague descriptions of ancient…Tree Asp The narrow ended dendroaspis, otherwise known as the tree asp, tree snake, or mamba. It is about 6 feet…Black Snake and Brown Thrushes A black snake attacking a nest of brown thrushes. Boa constrictor This gigantic snake kills its prey by constricting around it, squeezing it to death, then swallowing…Ringed Boa The Ringed Boa (Epicrates cenchria) is a non-venomous snake in the Boidae family of boas. Karoo bokadam Found in India, this species of bokadam is nonvenemous. Chameleon This type of lizard lives on trees, clinging to the branches by their feet and prehensile tails."
},
{
"docid": "D1644811#0",
"title": "http://www.nationalparksandmore.com/gila-monster/\nThe Gila Monster",
"text": "The Gila Monster Daniel Gillaspia March 4, 2015 Wildlife The elusive yellow-scaled Gila Monster is one of the rarest of Southwest lizards and spends up to 90% of its mysterious life underground. Along with its cousin, the Mexican beaded lizard, it’s one of only two species of venomous lizards (out of a total of about 5,000) and is found throughout the Southwest United States including the Mojave, Sonoran, and Chihuahuan deserts. Photo by Chuck Brown Find more at instagram.com/crotalusfr3ak Though Gila monsters can come in an array of different shades, their stocky bodies often appear in blotchy stripes of black and orange or yellow. Along with these stripes are thousands of tiny beaded scales that are so prevalent and dense they even show up on x-rays. Named after the Gila River in Arizona, these lizards live up to 20 years (30 years in captivity) and can grow to be up to 2 feet long. Their menacing appearance along with their foul breath are reasons why they were subjected to so many myths over the years by pioneers who often believed these reptiles were far more deadly and viscous than they actually are. While not quite the monsters the pioneers believed them to be, Gila monsters are highly venomous and though they’re generally thought to avoid humans you might want to exercise some caution around these creatures. For one, you should always keep your distance around any desert dwellers to ensure that you don’t startle them and force them to experience any more stress than they are already under living in such harsh conditions. But secondly, a bite from one of these lizards, while likely not fatal, would still hurt like hades so you want to make sure not to get too close. You shouldn’t have to worry, though as almost every recorded bite from these animals came as the result of someone aggressively handling (or mishandling) these “monsters” and thus practically asking to get bit."
},
{
"docid": "D2070919#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizards\nLizard",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Lizards)navigation search For other uses, see Lizard (disambiguation). Lizards Fossil range: Early Jurassic – Holocene, 199–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg NPossible Late Triassic record Clockwise from top left: veiled chameleon ( Chamaeleo calyptratus ), rock monitor ( Varanus albigularis ), common blue-tongued skink ( Tiliqua scincoides ), Italian wall lizard ( Podarcis sicula ), giant leaf-tailed gecko ( Uroplatus fimbriatus ), and legless lizard ( Anelytropsis papillosus)Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Order: Squamata Suborder: Lacertilia *Günther, 1867Included groups Anguimorpha Gekkota Iguania Lacertoidea Scincomorpha Cladistically included but traditionally excluded groups Serpentes Amphisbaenia Synonyms Sauria Macartney, 1802Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with over 6,000 species, [1] ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains. The group is paraphyletic as it excludes the snakes and Amphisbaenia which are also squamates. Lizards range in size from chameleons and geckos a few centimeters long to the 3 meter long Komodo dragon. Most lizards are quadrupedal, running with a strong side-to-side motion. Others are legless, and have long snake-like bodies. Some such as the forest-dwelling Draco lizards are able to glide. They are often territorial, the males fighting off other males and signalling, often with brightly colours, to attract mates and to intimidate rivals. Lizards are mainly carnivorous, often being sit-and-wait predators; many smaller species eat insects, while the Komodo eats mammals as big as water buffalo. Lizards make use of a variety of antipredator adaptations, including venom, camouflage, reflex bleeding, and the ability to sacrifice and regrow their tails."
},
{
"docid": "D2205011#0",
"title": "http://www.planetdeadly.com/animals/venomous-animals-world\nThe Most Venomous Animals in the World",
"text": "The Most Venomous Animals in the World12 April 3, 2015It seems that our fears of animals are based around two main themes; there are those with the big pointy teeth that are just looking for an excuse to eat us alive and there are those that, whilst seemingly innocuous, pack a secret weapon so deadly that half the world seem to have a phobia about them. These are the venomous animals that can deliver lethal toxins through their bites and stings. Unlike many of the factors involved in ranking an animals danger to man, the strength of venom can and has been measured. This is recorded as the LD 50 (median lethal dose) which basically tells us how much is required to kill an average human (or mouse). The most powerful of these natural toxins are nearly 1,000 times more deadly than poisons such as arsenic and cyanide. Venomous vs Poisonous Now there seems to be a good deal of confusion about whether an animal is venomous or poisonous. Venomous creatures are often described as poisonous and vice versa. Both types have toxins, and both types can be considered dangerous, where they differ is in how they deliver this. Poisons require the victim to ingest/eat them, or can be absorbed through the skin when touched. However, a venom is injected into the victim by means of a bite or a sting."
},
{
"docid": "D2370672#0",
"title": "http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2013/06/27/the-myth-of-the-komodo-dragons-dirty-mouth/\nThe Myth of the Komodo Dragonâs Dirty Mouth",
"text": "Not Exactly Rocket Science A Blog by Ed Yong The Myth of the Komodo Dragon’s Dirty Mouth Posted Thu, 06/27/2013In 1969, an American biologist named Walter Auffenberg moved to the Indonesia island of Komodo to study its most famous resident—the Komodo dragon. This huge lizard—the largest in the world—grows to lengths of 3 metres, and can take down large prey like deer and water buffalo. Auffenberg watched the dragons for a year and eventually published a book on their behaviour in 1981. It won him an award. It also enshrined a myth that took almost three decades to refute, and is still prevalent today. Auffenberg noticed that when large animals like water buffalo were injured by the dragons, they would soon develop fatal infections. Based on this observation, and no actual evidence, he suggested that the dragons use bacteria as a form of venom. When they bite prey, they flood the wounds with the microbes in their mouths, which debilitate and kill the victim. This explanation is found in textbooks, wildlife documentaries, zoo placards, and more. It’s also wrong. “"
},
{
"docid": "D36485#0",
"title": "https://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/wildlife/livingwith/snakes/frequently_asked_questions.html\nFrequently asked questions",
"text": "Frequently asked questions Snake identification Keeping snakes away from your home Snake encounters Snake myths General snake information Snake identification Are all snakes in Queensland venomous? No, not all snakes are venomous. Queensland is home to about 120 species of snakes. About 65% of these are venomous. Venom production is a characteristic of two groups of snakes; the front-fanged snakes (elapids) and some of the rear-fanged snakes (colubrids). The elapids consist of 23 species of sea snakes and 51 species of land snakes, including some of the world's most venomous land snakes such as the taipan, brown snake and king brown snake (also known as mulga snake). Five species of colubrid snakes, including the brown tree snake, produce weak venom delivered through fangs at the back of the mouth. Venom delivery is poor and these snakes do not pose a threat to human life. Five other species of colubrid snakes, including the common tree snake, do not have fangs or venom. Ten species of pythons occurring in Queensland completely lack venom and fangs."
},
{
"docid": "D1735429#0",
"title": "http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/reptiles/gila-monster/\nGila Monster",
"text": "Photo Ark? Reference Gila Monster No Results Found1 / 2A reticulated Gila monster ( Heloderma suspectum suspectum ), a subspecies of Gila monster, photographed at Gladys Porter Zoo in Brownsville, Texas Photograph by Joel Sartore, National Geographic Photo Ark A Gila monster photographed at Zoo Atlanta in Georgia Photograph by Joel Sartore, National Geographic Photo Ark Common Name: Gila Monster Scientific Name: Heloderma suspectum Type: Reptiles Diet: Carnivores Group Name: Lounge Average life span in The Wild: Up to 20 years Size: 20 in Weight: 4 lbs Size relative to a 6-ft man: IUCN Red List Status:? Near Threatenedlc nt vu en cr ew ex Least Concern Extinct Current Population Trend: Decreasing About the Gila Monster At a length of up to two feet and a maximum weight exceeding five pounds, the venomous Gila monster (pronounced HEE-luh) is the largest lizard native to the United States. Population Range Easily identified by their black bodies marked with dramatic patterns of pink, orange, or yellow, Gilas are found in the Mojave, Sonoran, and Chihuahuan deserts of the southwestern U. S. and northwestern Mexico. They take their name from Arizona's Gila River basin, where they were first discovered. Venom The Gila monster is one of only a handful of venomous lizards in the world. Others include the similar-looking Mexican beaded lizards, as well as iguanas and monitor lizards. Its venom is a fairly mild neurotoxin. And though a Gila bite is extremely painful, none has resulted in a reported human death. Unlike snakes, which inject venom, Gilas latch onto victims and chew to allow neurotoxins to move through grooves in their teeth and into the open wound."
}
] |
8267 | which of the following is considered a somatic symptom disorder? | [
{
"docid": "D1736213#0",
"title": "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/somatic-symptom-disorder/basics/symptoms/con-20124065\nOverview",
"text": "\"Print Overview Somatic symptom disorder involves having a significant focus on physical symptoms — such as pain or fatigue — to the point that it causes major emotional distress and problems functioning. You may or may not have another diagnosed medical condition associated with these symptoms. Excessive thoughts, feelings and behaviors in response to physical symptoms may lead to frequent doctor visits. You often think the worst about your symptoms and continue to search for an explanation, even when other serious conditions have been excluded. Health concerns may become such a central focus of your life that it's hard to function, sometimes leading to disability. If you have somatic symptom disorder, you may experience significant emotional and physical suffering. Treatment can help ease symptoms, help you cope and improve your quality of life. Symptoms Symptoms of somatic symptom disorder may be: Specific sensations, such as pain or shortness of breath, or more general symptoms, such as fatigue or weakness Unrelated to any medical cause that can be identified, or related to a medical condition such as cancer or heart disease, but more significant than what's usually expected A single symptom, multiple symptoms or varying symptoms Mild, moderate or severe Pain is the most common symptom, but whatever your symptoms, you have excessive thoughts, feelings or behaviors related to those symptoms, which cause significant problems, make it difficult to function and sometimes can be disabling. Excessive thoughts, feelings and behaviors can include: Having a high level of worry about potential illness Considering normal physical sensations as a sign of severe physical illness Fearing the medical seriousness of symptoms, even when there is no evidence to support that concern Appraising physical sensations as threatening, harmful or causing problems Feeling that medical evaluation and treatment have not been adequate Fearing that physical activity may cause damage to your body Repeatedly checking your body for abnormalities Frequent health care visits that don't relieve your concerns or that make them worse Being unresponsive to medical treatment or unusually sensitive to medication side effects Having a more severe impairment than would usually be expected related to a medical condition For somatic symptom disorder, more important than the specific physical symptoms you experience is the way you interpret and react to the symptoms and how they impact your daily life. When to see a doctor Because you're concerned about physical symptoms and medical illness, you may start by seeing your primary care provider."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D131624#0",
"title": "http://www.minddisorders.com/Py-Z/Somatization-disorder.html\nSomatization disorder",
"text": "\"Somatization disorder Follow City-Data.com founder on our Forum or @Lech Mazur Photo by: Yanik Chauvin Definition Somatization disorder is a psychiatric condition marked by multiple medically unexplained physical, or somatic, symptoms. In order to qualify for the diagnosis of somatization disorder, somatic complaints must be serious enough to interfere significantly with a person's ability to perform important activities, such as work, school or family and social responsibilities, or lead the person experiencing the symptoms to seek medical treatment. Somatization disorder has long been recognized by psychiatrists and psychologists, and was originally called Briquet's syndrome in honor of Paul Briquet, a French physician who first described the disorder in the nineteenth century. It is included in the category of somatoform disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR), the professional handbook that aids clinicians in diagnosing patients' mental disorders. The term \"\"somatoform\"\" means that the physical symptoms have a psychological origin. Description Individuals with somatization disorder suffer from a number of vague physical symptoms, involving at least four different physical functions or parts of the body. The physical symptoms that characterize somatization disorder cannot be attributed to medical conditions or to the use of drugs, and individuals with somatization disorder often undergo numerous medical tests (with negative results) before the psychological cause of their distress is identified. They often use impressionistic and colorful language to describe their symptoms, describing burning sensations, pains that move from place to place, strange tastes on the tongue, tingling, or tremors. While many symptoms resemble those associated with genuine diseases, some of the symptoms reported by people with somatization disorder are not. The individual usually visits many different physicians, but the information they provide about the patient's symptoms can be inconsistent."
},
{
"docid": "D2254719#0",
"title": "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/trait+anxiety\nanxiety",
"text": "\"Correct all you're your grammar errors instantly. Try it now.anxiety (redirected from trait anxiety) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Encyclopedia . Anxiety Definition Anxiety is a multisystem response to a perceived threat or danger. It reflects a combination of biochemical changes in the body, the patient's personal history and memory, and the socialsituation. As far as we know, anxiety is a uniquely human experience. Other animals clearlyknow fear, but human anxiety involves an ability, to use memory and imagination to movebackward and forward in time, that animals do not appear to have. The anxiety that occurs in posttraumatic syndromes indicates that human memory is a much more complicated mentalfunction than animal memory. Moreover, a large portion of human anxiety is produced by anticipation of future events. Without a sense of personal continuity over time, people would nothave the \"\"raw materials\"\" of anxiety. It is important to distinguish between anxiety as a feeling or experience, and an anxiety disorder as a psychiatric diagnosis."
},
{
"docid": "D3421169#0",
"title": "http://www.militarydisabilitymadeeasy.com/mentaldisorders.html\n",
"text": "\"Mental Disorders Topics: The Psychological Rating System Mental Conditions that are Not Ratable/Personality Disorders Adjustment Disorders Dissociative Disorders Somatoform Disorders Mood Disorders Psychotic Disorders Cognitive Disorders Anxiety Disorders Eating Disorders Other Mental Disorders DBQs for Mental Disorders Principles that Apply--The VASRD Codes and condition names for some of the Mental Disorders were changed on August 4, 2014. See the Historic VASRDs page for all codes and names from before this date.--Reminder: The VA will give a Military Disability Rating for each service-connected condition a service member has, but the Do D will only rate service-connected conditions that make a service member Unfit for Duty. Note: Only a licensed psychiatrist or psychologist (referred to on this page as “mental health provider”) can perform the exam needed for the condition to be rated. Double Note: It is essential that you tell the truth in your psychiatric examination. We’ve seen too many cases where the service member felt too macho or too tough, or was completely in denial that anything was wrong, to admit to any psychological problems. This only hurts you. If you do not allow the examining physician to truly see your condition, you will not get a proper rating. These ratings will affect the rest of your life. While the VA can change their rating over time, the Do D cannot. What the examining physician writes about your condition at the time of separation and any other evidence on record before that will be the only things affecting the Do D rating forever."
},
{
"docid": "D2869897#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychosomatic_blindness\nConversion disorder",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Psychosomatic blindness)navigation search\"\"Hysterical blindness\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Hysterical Blindness. Conversion disorder Specialty Psychiatry Causes Stress Treatment to comfort Deaths 0 [ edit on Wikidata]Conversion disorder ( CD) is a diagnostic category used in some psychiatric classification systems. It is sometimes applied to patients who present with neurological symptoms, such as numbness, blindness, paralysis, or fits, which are not consistent with a well-established organic cause, which cause significant distress, and can be traced back to a psychological trigger. It is thought that these symptoms arise in response to stressful situations affecting a patient's mental health or an ongoing mental health condition such as depression. Conversion disorder was retained in DSM-5, but given the subtitle functional neurological symptom disorder. The new criteria cover the same range of symptoms, but remove the requirements for a psychological stressor to be present and for feigning to be disproved. The theory of conversion disorder stems from ancient Egypt, and was formerly known as \"\" hysteria \"\". The concept of conversion disorder came to prominence at the end of the 19th century, when the neurologists Jean-Martin Charcot and Sigmund Freud and psychologist Pierre Janet focused their studies on the subject. Before their studies, people with hysteria were often believed to be malingering. ["
},
{
"docid": "D413699#0",
"title": "http://www.healthline.com/health/psychosis\nPsychosis",
"text": "Psychosis Symptoms False realities Causes Risk factors Types Psychotic disorders Diagnosis Treatment Outlook What is psychosis? Psychosis is characterized by an impaired relationship with reality. And it is a symptom of serious mental disorders. People who are psychotic may have either hallucinations or delusions. Hallucinations are sensory experiences that occur within the absence of an actual stimulus. For example, a person having an auditory hallucination may hear their mother yelling at them when their mother isn’t around. Or someone having a visual hallucination may see something, like a person in front of them, who isn’t actually there. The person experiencing psychosis may also have thoughts that are contrary to actual evidence. These thoughts are known as delusions. Some people with psychosis may also experience loss of motivation and social withdrawal."
},
{
"docid": "D929806#0",
"title": "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/918628-overview\nOverview",
"text": "Overview The somatoform disorders are a group of psychological disorders in which a patient experiences physical symptoms that are inconsistent with or cannot be fully explained by any underlying general medical or neurologic condition. Medically unexplained physical symptoms account for as many as 50% of new medical outpatient visits. [ 1] Physical symptoms or painful complaints of unknown etiology are fairly common in pediatric populations. [ 2] Many healthy young children express emotional distress in terms of physical pain, such as stomachaches or headaches, but these complaints are usually transient and do not effect the child's overall functioning. The somatoform disorders represent the severe end of a continuum of somatic symptoms. Somatization in children consists of the persistent experience and complaints of somatic distress that cannot be fully explained by a medical diagnosis. They can be represented by a wide spectrum of severity, ranging from mild self-limited symptoms, such as stomachache and headache, to chronic disabling symptoms, such as seizures and paralysis. These psychological disorders are often difficult to approach and complex to understand. It is important to note that these symptoms are not intentionally produced or under voluntary control. In somatoform disorders, somatic symptoms become the focus of children and their families."
},
{
"docid": "D508904#0",
"title": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950357905800883\nDepression in rheumatological diseases",
"text": "\"3 Depression in rheumatological diseases BRENDA Mc EVOY De VELLIS The onset of symptoms and eventual diagnosis of chronic disease typically cause emotional distress. In most cases this distress subsides over time as psychological adaptation to the condition occurs (Rodin et al, 1991). A significant minority of people, however, will develop less transient and more severe psychological distress that can result in additional disability and suffering. Like the majority of people with other medical illnesses, most people with rheumatological conditions adjust satisfactorily to both the diagnosis and the accompanying physical symptomatology and disability. This chapter concerns those people with rheumatological diseases who do not fare as well. Depression is the primary focus of the present chapter because it is the most common psychological disturbance associated with medical illness. In addition, depression is the psychological disturbance that has received the most study in rheumatology. Finally, depression can significantly increase the disability associated with a medical condition (Wells et al, 1989b; Pope and Tarlov, 1991; Rodin et al, 1991). Depression in the medically ill frequently goes undetected and untreated despite the availability of effective psychological, social, and pharmaco- logical interventions (Rodin et al, 1991). Left untreated, depression in the medically ill can become progressively debilitating and interfere with optimal treatment of the medical illness (Attkisson and Zich, 1990)."
},
{
"docid": "D512560#0",
"title": "http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/services/after-injury/disability-benefits/benefits-determined/entitlement-eligibility-guidelines/ptsd\nPosttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)",
"text": "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)Last Modified: March 2016 Date Created: May 2011MPC 00620ICD-9 309.81ICD-10 43.1This publication is available upon request in alternate formats. PDF Version On this page Definition Diagnostic Standard Entitlement Considerations References for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Definition Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a condition in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) category of Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is characterized by the onset of psychiatric symptoms after exposure to one or more traumatic events. The characteristic symptoms of PTSD develop in four domains:intrusionavoidancealterations in cognition and moodalterations in arousal and reactivity. Criteria Set for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder criteria set for individuals older than age six years is derived from the DSM -5. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Criterion AExposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence in one (or more) of the following ways: Directly experiencing the traumatic event (s). Witnessing, in person, the event (s) as it occurred to others. Learning that the traumatic event (s) occurred to a close family member or close friend. In cases of actual or threatened death of a family member or friend, the event (s) must have been violent or accidental. Experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic event (s) (e.g., first responders collecting human remains; police officers repeatedly exposed to details of child abuse)."
},
{
"docid": "D1886570#0",
"title": "https://www.mentalhelp.net/articles/somatic-symptom-disorder/\nSomatic Symptom Disorder",
"text": "Somatic Symptom Disorder Mar 27, 2002 Updated Oct 15, 2015Somatic Symptom Disorder is characterized by persistent somatic (bodily) symptoms that cause significant distress or disruption in daily life. These symptoms are accompanied by excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to the symptoms or one’s or general health. Symptoms are generally unrelated to any serious medical condition; however, they may be related at times. The presence of “unexplained” medical symptoms are not by themselves sufficient for a diagnosis; rather, the individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors surrounding these symptoms are a major factor. Whether the somatic complaints are medically explained or not, it is important to remember that the individual’s suffering is real. Criteria One or multiple somatic complaints that cause distress or disruption in daily life. Excessive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to these symptoms or one’s overall health. At least one of the following is present: Persistent and disproportionate thoughts about the seriousness of these symptoms. Continuous high levels of anxiety about these symptoms or overall health. Excessive time and energy is allocated towards these symptoms or other health concerns."
},
{
"docid": "D2030743#0",
"title": "http://saylordotorg.github.io/LegacyExams/PSYCH/PSYCH401/PSYCH401-FinalExam-Answers.html\n.",
"text": "1 Which of the following best describes one of the main criticisms of the “medical model” of mental illness and disease? Choose one answer.a. The research within this model is not rigorous enough.b. The assumption underlying the model communicates that the patient is not responsible for changing his/her condition.c. There is little emphasis on treatment, as many of these mental health issues are assumed to be inherited.d. This model allows no room for medical doctors to explore environmental triggers or the context of the patients’ life in general. Question2 Which of the following is a criterion for abnormality? Choose one answer.a. High levels of distressb. Impact on functioningc."
},
{
"docid": "D3443308#0",
"title": "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1184694-overview\nPsychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures",
"text": "\"Drugs & Diseases > Neurology Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures Updated: Jun 15, 2017Author: Selim R Benbadis, MD; Chief Editor: Helmi L Lutsep, MD more... Share Email Print Feedback Background Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES), or pseudoseizures are paroxysmal episodes that resemble and are often misdiagnosed as epileptic seizures; however, PNES are psychological (i.e., emotional, stress-related) in origin. Paroxysmal nonepileptic episodes can be either organic or psychogenic. Syncope, migraine, and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are examples of organic nonepileptic paroxysmal symptoms. This article covers only PNES. The terminology on the topic has been variable and, at times, confusing. Various terms are used, including pseudoseizures, nonepileptic seizures, nonepileptic events, and psychogenic seizures. PNES has been the preferred term in the literature, but in practice, the term \"\"seizures\"\" is confusing to patients and families, so that it is probably best to replace it with more general terms that so not imply epilepsy, such as \"\"attacks\"\" or \"\"events.\"\" [ 1]PNES are common at epilepsy centers, where they are seen in 20-30% of patients referred for refractory seizures. PNES are probably also common in the general population, with an estimated prevalence of 2-33 cases per 100,000 population, which makes PNES nearly as prevalent as multiple sclerosis or trigeminal neuralgia. Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-5)By definition, PNES is a psychiatric disorder; more specifically it is a conversion disorder, which falls under the diagnostic category of somatic symptom disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition ( DSM-5 )."
},
{
"docid": "D3538923#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrent_brief_depression\nRecurrent brief depression",
"text": "\"This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( September 2014) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Recurrent brief depression (RBD) defines a mental disorder characterized by intermittent depressive episodes, not related to menstrual cycles in women, occurring between approximately 6-12 times per year, over at least one year or more fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for major depressive episodes (DSM-IV and ICD-10) except for duration which in RBD is less than 14 days, typically 2–4 days. Despite the short duration of the depressive episodes, such episodes are severe and suicidal ideation and impaired function is rather common. The majority of patients with RBD also report symptoms of anxiety and increased irritability. Hypersomnia is also rather frequent. About 1/2 of patients fulfilling diagnostic criteria for RBD may have additional short episodes of brief hypomania which is a severity marker of RBD. RBD may be the only mental disorder present, but RBD may also occur as part of a history of recurrent major depressive episodes or bipolar disorders. RBD is also seen among some patients with personality disorders."
},
{
"docid": "D32484#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatization_disorder\nSomatization disorder",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Somatization disorder Classification and external resources Specialty psychiatry, psychology, psychotherapy ICD - 10 F45.0ICD - 9-CM 300.81Diseases DB 1645e Medicine ped/3015Me SH D013001 [ edit on Wikidata]Somatization disorder (also Briquet's syndrome) is a mental disorder characterized by recurring, multiple, and current, clinically significant complaints about somatic symptoms, although it is no longer considered a clinical diagnosis. It was recognized in the DSM-IV-TR classification system, but in the latest version DSM-5, it was combined with undifferentiated somatoform disorder to become somatic symptom disorder, a diagnosis which no longer requires a specific number of somatic symptoms. [ 1] ICD-10, the latest version of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, still includes somatization syndrome. [ 2]Contents [ hide ]1 Symptoms and criteria1.1 DSM-51.2 DSM-IV-TR1.3 ICD-102 Epidemiology3 Explanations3.1 Neuroimaging evidence4 Treatments5 See also6 References Symptoms and criteria [ edit]DSM-5 [ edit]In the DSM-5 the disorder has been renamed somatic symptom disorder (SSD), and includes SSD with predominantly somatic complaints (previously referred to as somatization disorder), and SSD with pain features (previously known as pain disorder ). [ 3]DSM-IV-TR [ edit]The DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria are: [4]A history of somatic complaints over several years, starting prior to the age of 30. Such symptoms cannot be fully explained by a general medical condition or substance use or, when there is an associated medical condition, the impairments due to the somatic symptoms are more severe than generally expected. Complaints are not feigned as in malingering or factitious disorder. The symptoms do not all have to occur at the same time, but may occur over the course of the disorder. A somatization disorder itself is chronic but fluctuating that rarely remits completely. A thorough physical examination of the specified areas of complaint is critical for somatization disorder diagnosis."
},
{
"docid": "D3519922#0",
"title": "http://www.peoi.org/Courses/Coursesen/psypatho/ch/ch9a.html\n.",
"text": "General psychopathology © Tushnik Ghosh CHAPTER 9: Organic brain diseases INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION: In this chapter we will discuss about the diseases which occur as a result of primary or secondary defect of brain tissue, i.e. the diseases are organic. Though general medicine consider ' ' ' the division organic and functional disorder in a broad spectrum, but in some cases definite margin between them cannot be seen clearly. As an example we can take schizophrenia, which is considered as ' ' ' functional disorder. But sometimes we find nonspecific signs of organic changes in brain in it. ICD 10 therefore emphasizes that the term organic does not suggest that other mental diseases would not show any changes in the structure of nerve tissue. Vital sign of organic diseases is psychoorganic syndrome (see ch. 8). Etiological factors in organic diseases can be endogenous and exogenous. To be remembered that psychosocial factors are never the basic causes of the disorder. Some of the causes are ' ' ' infection, intoxication, trauma, tumor vascular diseases etc which cause organic defect in brain tissue."
},
{
"docid": "D32482#0",
"title": "http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/somatoform-disorders-symptoms-types-treatment\nSomatic Symptom and Related Disorders",
"text": "\"Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders In this Article Disorders Related to Somatic Symptom Disorder Treatment of Somatic Symptom Disorders Somatic symptom disorder (SSD formerly known as \"\"somatization disorder\"\" or \"\" somatoform disorder \"\") is a form of mental illness that causes one or more bodily symptoms, including pain. The symptoms may or may not be traceable to a physical cause including general medical conditions, other mental illnesses, or substance abuse. But regardless, they cause excessive and disproportionate levels of distress. The symptoms can involve one or more different organs and body systems, such as: Pain Neurologic problems Gastrointestinal complaints Sexual symptoms Many people who have SSD will also have an anxiety disorder. People with SSD are not faking their symptoms. The distress they experience from pain and other problems they experience are real, regardless of whether or not a physical explanation can be found. And the distress from symptoms significantly affects daily functioning. Doctors need to perform many tests to rule out other possible causes before diagnosing SSD. The diagnosis of SSD can create a lot of stress and frustration for patients. They may feel unsatisfied if there's no better physical explanation for their symptoms or if they are told their level of distress about a physical illness is excessive."
},
{
"docid": "D2818947#0",
"title": "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/somatic-symptom-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20377776\nOverview",
"text": "\"Print Overview Somatic symptom disorder involves having a significant focus on physical symptoms — such as pain or fatigue — to the point that it causes major emotional distress and problems functioning. You may or may not have another diagnosed medical condition associated with these symptoms. Excessive thoughts, feelings and behaviors in response to physical symptoms may lead to frequent doctor visits. You often think the worst about your symptoms and continue to search for an explanation, even when other serious conditions have been excluded. Health concerns may become such a central focus of your life that it's hard to function, sometimes leading to disability. If you have somatic symptom disorder, you may experience significant emotional and physical suffering. Treatment can help ease symptoms, help you cope and improve your quality of life. Symptoms Symptoms of somatic symptom disorder may be: Specific sensations, such as pain or shortness of breath, or more general symptoms, such as fatigue or weakness Unrelated to any medical cause that can be identified, or related to a medical condition such as cancer or heart disease, but more significant than what's usually expected A single symptom, multiple symptoms or varying symptoms Mild, moderate or severe Pain is the most common symptom, but whatever your symptoms, you have excessive thoughts, feelings or behaviors related to those symptoms, which cause significant problems, make it difficult to function and sometimes can be disabling. Excessive thoughts, feelings and behaviors can include: Having a high level of worry about potential illness Considering normal physical sensations as a sign of severe physical illness Fearing the medical seriousness of symptoms, even when there is no evidence to support that concern Appraising physical sensations as threatening, harmful or causing problems Feeling that medical evaluation and treatment have not been adequate Fearing that physical activity may cause damage to your body Repeatedly checking your body for abnormalities Frequent health care visits that don't relieve your concerns or that make them worse Being unresponsive to medical treatment or unusually sensitive to medication side effects Having a more severe impairment than would usually be expected related to a medical condition For somatic symptom disorder, more important than the specific physical symptoms you experience is the way you interpret and react to the symptoms and how they impact your daily life. When to see a doctor Because you're concerned about physical symptoms and medical illness, you may start by seeing your primary care provider."
},
{
"docid": "D2818945#0",
"title": "https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/somatoform-disorders-symptoms-types-treatment\nSomatic Symptom and Related Disorders",
"text": "\"Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders In this Article Disorders Related to Somatic Symptom Disorder Treatment of Somatic Symptom Disorders Somatic symptom disorder (SSD formerly known as \"\"somatization disorder\"\" or \"\" somatoform disorder \"\") is a form of mental illness that causes one or more bodily symptoms, including pain. The symptoms may or may not be traceable to a physical cause including general medical conditions, other mental illnesses, or substance abuse. But regardless, they cause excessive and disproportionate levels of distress. The symptoms can involve one or more different organs and body systems, such as: Pain Neurologic problems Gastrointestinal complaints Sexual symptoms Many people who have SSD will also have an anxiety disorder. People with SSD are not faking their symptoms. The distress they experience from pain and other problems they experience are real, regardless of whether or not a physical explanation can be found. And the distress from symptoms significantly affects daily functioning. Doctors need to perform many tests to rule out other possible causes before diagnosing SSD. The diagnosis of SSD can create a lot of stress and frustration for patients. They may feel unsatisfied if there's no better physical explanation for their symptoms or if they are told their level of distress about a physical illness is excessive."
},
{
"docid": "D2942807#0",
"title": "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Somatoform+disorders\nSomatoform Disorders",
"text": "\"Somatoform Disorders Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Encyclopedia. Related to Somatoform Disorders: Dissociative disorders Somatoform Disorders Definition The somatoform disorders are a group of mental disturbances placed in a common category on the basis of their external symptoms. These disorders are characterized by physical complaintsthat appear to be medical in origin but that cannot be explained in terms of a physical disease,the results of substance abuse, or by another mental disorder. In order to meet the criteria for a somatoform disorder, the physical symptoms must be serious enough to interfere with thepatient's employment or relationships, and must be symptoms that are not under the patient'svoluntary control. It is helpful to understand that the present classification of these disorders reflects recenthistorical changes in the practice of medicine and psychiatry. When psychiatry first became a separate branch of medicine at the end of the nineteenth century, the term hysteria wascommonly used to describe mental disorders characterized by altered states of consciousness (for example, sleepwalking or trance states) or physical symptoms (for example, a \"\"paralyzed\"\"arm or leg with no neurologic cause) that could not be fully explained by a medical disease. Theterm dissociation was used for the psychological mechanism that allows the mind to split offuncomfortable feelings, memories, or ideas so that they are lost to conscious recall. Sigmund Freud and other pioneering psychoanalysts thought that the hysterical patient's symptomsresulted from dissociated thoughts or memories reemerging through bodily functions or trancestates. Prior to the categorization all mental disorders that were considered to be forms of hysteria were grouped together on the basis of this theory about their cause. Since 1980,however, the somatoform disorders and the so-called dissociative disorders have been placed in separate categories on the basis of their chief symptoms."
},
{
"docid": "D131622#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_symptom_disorder\nSomatic symptom disorder",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Somatic symptom disorder Classification and external resources Specialty Psychiatry ICD - 10 F45ICD - 9-CM 300.8Diseases DB 1645e Medicine med/3527Me SH D013001 [ edit on Wikidata]A somatic symptom disorder, formerly known as a somatoform disorder, [1] [2] [3] is any mental disorder which manifests as physical symptoms that suggest illness or injury, but which cannot be explained fully by a general medical condition or by the direct effect of a substance, and are not attributable to another mental disorder (e.g., panic disorder ). [ 4] Somatic symptom disorders, as a group, are included in a number of diagnostic schemes of mental illness, including the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. ( Before DSM-5 this disorder was split into somatization disorder and undifferentiated somatoform disorder . ) In people who have been diagnosed with a somatic symptom disorder, medical test results are either normal or do not explain the person's symptoms, and history and physical examination do not indicate the presence of a known medical condition that could cause them, though it is important to note that the DSM-5 cautions that this alone is not sufficient for diagnosis. [ 1] The patient must also be excessively worried about their symptoms, and this worry must be judged to be out of proportion to the severity of the physical complaints themselves. [ 5] A diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder requires that the subject have recurring somatic complaints for at least six months. [ 6]Symptoms are sometimes similar to those of other illnesses and may last for years. Usually, the symptoms begin appearing during adolescence, and patients are diagnosed before the age of 30 years. [ 7] Symptoms may occur across cultures and gender. [ 6] Other common symptoms include anxiety and depression. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1675207#0",
"title": "https://patient.info/doctor/medically-unexplained-symptoms-assessment-and-management\nMedically Unexplained Symptoms Assessment and Management",
"text": "Mental Health (Psychiatry)Save Print Share Actions Medically Unexplained Symptoms Assessment and Management Authored by Dr Laurence Knott, 15 Jul 2014This article is for Medical Professionals In this article Definitions Aetiology Epidemiology Presenting features General advice Management Complications Clinicians can often find the management of patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) frustrating. In all parts of our healthcare system we meet patients presenting with physical symptoms that lack an obvious organic basis. The terms used to describe such symptoms - medically unexplained symptoms or functional somatic symptoms - are purely descriptive and do not imply psychogenesis. Many of the affected patients do not receive a correct diagnosis and undergo numerous fruitless investigations and attempts at treatment. The narrow focus on the somatic aspects of a complex problem may reinforce their concerns about having a physical disease, make them less satisfied with the healthcare system, contribute to the development of chronic disablement and cause healthcare costs to become excessive. Medically unexplained symptoms therefore represent a clinical problem that must be taken seriously. Definitions Other names such as somatisation and somatoform disorder have been replaced by somatic symptom disorder (SSD). Although the two concepts overlap, they are not synonymous: In fact, DSM-5 has removed the requirement for symptoms to be medically unexplained before the diagnosis of SSD can be made. [ 1] In essence: SSD is the expression of psychological illness through physical symptoms - as in the term 'somatised depression' or somatisation. See separate article Somatic Symptom Disorder."
}
] |
8283 | which of the following ligaments of the hip joint is considered the most posterior | [
{
"docid": "D1908962#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_joint\nHip",
"text": "\"Hip From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Hip joint)navigation search For the cultural description of hip, see Buttocks. For other uses, see Hip (disambiguation). Hip Bones of the hip region Details Identifiers Latin coxa Me SH D006615TA A01.1.00.034FMA 24964Anatomical terminology [ edit on Wikidata]In vertebrate anatomy, hip (or \"\" coxa \"\" [1] in medical terminology) refers to either an anatomical region or a joint. The hip region is located lateral and anterior to the gluteal region (i.e., the buttock ), inferior to the iliac crest, and overlying the greater trochanter of the femur, or \"\"thigh bone\"\". [ 2] In adults, three of the bones of the pelvis have fused into the hip bone or acetabulum which forms part of the hip region. The hip joint, scientifically referred to as the acetabulofemoral joint ( art. coxae ), is the joint between the femur and acetabulum of the pelvis and its primary function is to support the weight of the body in both static (e.g. standing) and dynamic (e.g. walking or running) postures. The hip joints are the most important part in retaining balance. The pelvic inclination angle, which is the single most important element of human body posture, is mostly adjusted at the hips. [ citation needed]Pain of the hip may be the result of numerous causes including nervous, osteoarthritic, infectious, trauma-related, and genetic ones."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D3177888#0",
"title": "http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/radiographics.19.3.g99ma05655\nImaging Features of Avulsion Injuries",
"text": "Keywords: Ankle, fractures, 46.4191 ; Elbow, fractures, 42.4191 ; Extremities, CT, 40.1211 ; Extremities, MR, 40.1214 ; Foot, fractures, 46.4191 ; Fractures, stress ; Knee, fractures, 45.4191 ; Pelvis, fractures, 44.4191 ; Shoulder, injuries, 41.4191INTRODUCTION Section: Choose prevnext Sports play a large part in many people's lives. With the excitement and enthusiasm that accompany athletic endeavors, however, frequently comes injury. More and more people are either participants in organized sports or “weekend warriors” ( 1, 2 ). Such people are prone to avulsion injuries. Adolescent participants, because of the inherent weakness of the apophysis, are especially vulnerable to such fractures ( 3 ). Most often the injury is abrupt and a clear history is available, which makes clinical and radiographic diagnosis easy. Sometimes, however, there is no history of a specific traumatic event and radiographic findings are confusing. Such findings can lead to excessive imaging, biopsy, and incorrect diagnosis because posttraumatic bone changes can simulate osteomyelitis or even malignancy at radiography ( 4 ). Therefore, an understanding of musculotendinous anatomy is crucial in the diagnosis of avulsion injuries. Muscles produce movement at joints."
},
{
"docid": "D481721#0",
"title": "http://radsource.us/common-intraosseous-cysts/\nMRI Web Clinic â December 2014",
"text": "\"MRI Web Clinic — December 2014Common Intraosseous Cysts Daniel Bodor, M. D. Clinical History: A 61 year-old male presents with posterior left shoulder pain and limited range of motion for six months. No known injury. What are the findings? What is your diagnosis?1a 1b Figure 1: Two axial fat-suppressed proton density images at the level of the lower glenoid (1a) and mid glenoid (1b). Findings2a 2b Figure 2: A large intraosseous cyst (yellow arrow) is located posteriorly in the glenoid. It has a well-circumscribed sclerotic rim and complex contents, including septae and a few calcifications (blue arrowhead). An adjacent posterior glenoid labral tear is identified (red arrow). Diagnosis Intraosseous paralabral cyst arising from a posterior glenoid labral tear. Introduction In medicine, an uncommon presentation of a common entity is more likely than a classic presentation of a rare one. In a busy MRI practice, we see intraosseous cysts and cyst-like lesions many times throughout the day."
},
{
"docid": "D2856031#0",
"title": "http://www.londonkneeclinic.com/knee-problems/ligament-injuries\nThe names of the knee ligaments",
"text": "The names of the knee ligaments The principle ligaments of the knee are as follows: Anterior cruciate ligamen (ACL)Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)Medial collateral ligament (MCL)Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)Posterolateral corner (PLC)Knee Ligaments Animation Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 0:13Knee Ligaments Animation Anterior cruciate ligament - ACLThe anterior cruciate ligament is a made up of two bands of fibres lying centrally within the knee joint passing from the front (anterior) to the back (posterior) of the knee. It is attached at its lower end to a little depression in the central part of the upper tibia. This is its anterior attachment. From there it leads upwards and backwards to the inner part of the lateral femoral condyle which forms its posterior attachment. The two bands of fibres are aligned so that one band becomes tight in rather more flexion and the other band becomes tight in more extended positions of the knee. The ACL contributes to control of knee movement so that the joint surfaces of the tibia remain properly aligned to the femur in all stages of knee bend. Without it the tibia becomes unstable in relation to the femur and tends to slide forwards under load disturbing the normal pivoting action of the knee joint. The ACL also contributes to rotational stability of the knee. ACL Animation Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available."
},
{
"docid": "D2646084#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patellofemoral_joint\nKnee",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Patellofemoral joint)navigation search This article is about the joint. For other uses, see Knee (disambiguation). Knee Right knee seen from the right side Details System Musculoskeletal system Nerve femoral, obturator, sciatic Identifiers Latin Articulatio genus Me SH D007719, D007717TA A01.1.00.036FMA 35175 24974, 35175Anatomical terminology [ edit on Wikidata]The knee joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two joints: one between the femur and tibia (tibiofemoral joint), and one between the femur and patella (patellofemoral joint). [ 1] It is the largest joint in the human body. [ 2] The knee is a modified hinge joint, which permits flexion and extension as well as slight internal and external rotation. The knee is vulnerable to injury and to the development of osteoarthritis. It is often termed a compound joint having tibiofemoral and patellofemoral components. [ 3] [4] (The fibular collateral ligament is often considered with tibiofemoral components.) [ 5]Contents [ hide ]1 Structure1.1 Articular bodies1.2 Articular capsule1.3 Bursae1.4 Cartilage1.5 Menisci1.6 Ligaments2 Muscles2.1 Extensors2.2 Flexors2.3 Blood supply3 Function3.1 Extended position3.2 Flexed position4 Clinical significance4.1 Overall fitness and knee injury4.2 Common injuries due to physical activity4.3 Anterior cruciate ligament injury4.4 Torn meniscus injury4.5 Fractures4.6 Ruptured tendon4.7 Overuse4.8 Surgical interventions5 Other animals6 See also7 Additional images8 Notes9 References10 External links Structure [ edit]Lateral and posterior aspects of right knee Articular surfaces of femur Articular surfaces of tibia The knee is a modified hinge joint, a type of synovial joint, which is composed of three functional compartments: the patellofemoral articulation, consisting of the patella, or \"\"kneecap\"\", and the patellar groove on the front of the femur through which it slides; and the medial and lateral tibiofemoral articulations linking the femur, or thigh bone, with the tibia, the main bone of the lower leg. [ 6] The joint is bathed in synovial fluid which is contained inside the synovial membrane called the joint capsule."
},
{
"docid": "D557580#0",
"title": "https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/11-6-appendicular-muscles-of-the-pelvic-girdle-and-lower-limbs/\n78 11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs",
"text": "Chapter 11. The Muscular System78 11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Identify the appendicular muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower limb Identify the movement and function of the pelvic girdle and lower limb The appendicular muscles of the lower body position and stabilize the pelvic girdle, which serves as a foundation for the lower limbs. Comparatively, there is much more movement at the pectoral girdle than at the pelvic girdle. There is very little movement of the pelvic girdle because of its connection with the sacrum at the base of the axial skeleton. The pelvic girdle is less range of motion because it was designed to stabilize and support the body. Muscles of the Thigh What would happen if the pelvic girdle, which attaches the lower limbs to the torso, were capable of the same range of motion as the pectoral girdle? For one thing, walking would expend more energy if the heads of the femurs were not secured in the acetabula of the pelvis. The body’s center of gravity is in the area of the pelvis. If the center of gravity were not to remain fixed, standing up would be difficult as well. Therefore, what the leg muscles lack in range of motion and versatility, they make up for in size and power, facilitating the body’s stabilization, posture, and movement."
},
{
"docid": "D2844354#0",
"title": "http://anatomyzone.com/tutorials/musculoskeletal/bones-of-the-pelvis/\nBones of the Pelvis",
"text": "Bones of the Pelvis - Hip Bones - Anatomy Tutorial Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 13:12Transcription This is a tutorial on the bones of the pelvis. So we’ve got a few bones that make up the pelvic skeleton. You’ve got these two large hip bones on either side, the sacrum and you’ve got the coccyx. Read more These two hip bones are actually the os coxae. This comes from Latin. ‘ Os’ means bone and ‘coxae’ means of the hip, so it’s the ‘bone of the hip’, the hip bone. We’ve got two hip bones, a sacrum and a coccyx. True and False Pelvis (Lesser and Greater Pelvis)The pelvis is separated into two regions. You’ve got the upper region, the superior part of the pelvic bone, which is called the false pelvis."
},
{
"docid": "D2344797#0",
"title": "http://ceessentials.net/article47.html\nOnline Radiography Continuing Education for Radiologic X ray Technologist",
"text": "\"Imaging The Sacrum and Coccyx Imaging of the sacrum and coccyx is a common procedure in radiology. This article discusses various protocols for plain-film and CT imaging. Author: Joseph, Nicholas Credits: 0 -- Please note: This article is either under construction or in the approval process. There will be no credit available for this article until the approval process has been completed. Passing the test for this article before the approval process has been completed WILL NOT result in full credit being awarded when the approval process has been completed. You must pass the test for this article after the approval process has been completed in order to receive credit for this article. ----------------- Instructions: You may read the article as many times as you like. If you are not registered, you must register before you can take the test. Click the 'new user registration' link at the top of the page. If you are not logged in you will be prompted to do so before you begin the test."
},
{
"docid": "D1675392#0",
"title": "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1250275-overview\nTotal Knee Arthroplasty",
"text": "Drugs & Diseases > Clinical Procedures Total Knee Arthroplasty Updated: Mar 30, 2016Author: Simon H Palmer, MD, MBBS, MSc; Chief Editor: Thomas M De Berardino, MD more... Share Email Print Feedback Practice Essentials The primary indication for total knee arthroplasty (TKA; also referred to as total knee replacement) is relief of significant, disabling pain caused by severe arthritis. ( See the image below. ) Total knee arthroplasty. Radiograph demonstrating posttraumatic osteoarthritis. View Media Gallery Preparation Anesthesia TKA may be performed with the patient under regional or general anesthesia. Which of these is used depends partly on the medical condition of the patient, though cardiovascular outcomes, cognitive function, and mortality rates associated with regional and general anesthesia have not been proved to be significantly different. Patients who have epidural anesthesia have been shown to develop fewer perioperative deep vein thromboses (DVTs). Whether this has an overall positive benefit for the patient is not known. Equipment Types of TKA prostheses include the following: Fixed bearing Medial pivot Rotating platform and mobile bearing Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)-retaining PCL-substituting Patient evaluation Preoperative medical evaluation of the patient includes the following: Medical evaluation - Patients must have good cardiopulmonary function to withstand anesthesia and to cope with a blood loss of 1000-1500 m L over the perioperative period; routine preoperative electrocardiography should be performed on elderly patients Laboratory studies - These include (1) complete blood count (CBC), (2) erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), (3) serum electrolytes, (4) renal function studies, (5) prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (a PTT), (6) urinalysis, and (7) urine culture Imaging studies - These include (1) standing anteroposterior (AP) view, (2) lateral view, (3) patellofemoral (skyline) view, (4) long leg radiographs (to assess malalignment), and (5) standing radiographs with the knee in extension or in 45º of flexion (Rosenberg view)Antibiotics and antithromboembolic devices Antibiotics and antithrombotic prophylaxis are administered approximately 30 minutes before the incision is made. Mechanical antithromboembolic devices (eg, stockings, foot pumps) are used intraoperatively."
},
{
"docid": "D2574949#0",
"title": "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/90514-treatment\nPosterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Treatment & Management",
"text": "Rehabilitation Program Physical Therapy The course of rehabilitation for a PCL injury is dependent on the degree of injury and type of treatment rendered (ie, operative vs nonoperative). The key to nonoperative treatment is to control the swelling, instability, and pain. Rehabilitation includes early prone passive mobilization with progressive weight bearing, preventing posterior tibial subluxation, and quadriceps strengthening. [ 8] Overall, rehabilitation for a PCL injury should take longer than for an ACL injury. [ 9] The natural history of sports-related PCL injuries that are treated nonoperatively is quite good. In one study with a mean follow-up of 6.2 years, 80% of patients were satisfied with their knees and 84% had returned to their previous sport (68% at the same level of performance, 16% at a decreased level of performance). A subsequent, prospective study with a mean follow-up of 5.4 years found that 50% of athletes with isolated posterior laxity returned to the same sport at the same or higher level of performance and that 33% returned to the same sport at a lower level of performance (no patient had greater than grade II injuries). In addition, the grade of laxity noted on physical examination did not change over the course of follow-up, and the grade of laxity did not correlate with radiographic joint-space narrowing. Another study involving MRI follow-up imaging found that all low-grade and midgrade PCL injuries healed with continuity, and 19 of 22 high-grade injuries healed (4 healed with normal contour; 15 healed with continuity and altered morphology). In many cases that involve less severe PCL tears, patients are recommended to undergo conservative therapy with a progressive rehabilitation program."
},
{
"docid": "D318631#0",
"title": "http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/part_6/chapter_31.html\nChapter 31: The bones, joints and walls of the pelvis",
"text": "On this page Bony pelvis (figs. 31-1 and 31-2 )The pelvic inlet (fig. 31-3 and 31-4)The pelvic cavity (fig. 31-3)The pelvic outlet (fig. 31-3, 31-5 and 31-6)Classification of Pelves (fig. 31-1)Joints of pelvis The lumbosacral joint The sacro-iliac joints (fig. 31-7)The pubic symphysis (fig. 31-7)The sacrotuberous ligament (fig. 31-8)Walls of pelvis The lateral wall (figs. 31-8, 32-2 and 35-1)The posterior wall The pelvic floor (figs."
},
{
"docid": "D33964#0",
"title": "http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/part_3/chapter_17.html\nChapter 17: The ankle and foot",
"text": "\"On this page Muscles of foot (table 17-1 , fig. 17-2)Nerves of foot (fig. 17-4)Vessels of foot (fig. 17-3, 17-4)Joints Tibiofibular syndesmosis Ankle joint (fig. 17-5)Intertarsal joints The subtalar joint (figs. 12-36 and 17-7)Remaining joints (see fig. 12-31)Arches & flat feet (figs. 17-9, 17-10, 17-11 and 17-12)Additional reading Questions Figure legends Chapter 17: The ankle and foot The word ankle refers to the angle between the leg and the foot. The foot functions in support and in locomotion, whereas the hand is a tactile and grasping organ. The toes are numbered from one to five, beginning with the great toe, or hallux."
},
{
"docid": "D3279490#0",
"title": "http://www.aetna.com/cpb/medical/data/300_399/0364.html\nAllograft Transplants of the Extremities",
"text": "\"Allograft Transplants of the Extremities Print Share Number: 0364Policy Allograft Transplant of the knee Aetna considers allograft transplant of the knee (knee ligaments, osteochondral, and meniscus) medically necessary when selection criteria are met. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL), Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL), Medial Collateral Ligament, (MCL), and Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL): Members with ligament deficiency who are not candidates for autogenous transplantation (e.g., individuals whose autogenous tissues have been compromised by previous surgery, previous injury), or Failed reconstruction or revision of a previous surgery; or Multiple ligament reconstruction; or Members with any other contraindications to using their own tissue such as collagen disease or generalized ligamentous laxity. Osteochondral: Avascular necrosis lesions of the femoral condyle; or Non-repairable stage 3 or 4 osteochondritis dissecans; or Otherwise healthy, active, non-elderly members who have either failed earlier arthroscopic procedures or are not candidates for such procedures because of the size, shape, or location of the lesion; or Treatment of a focal lesion that meets the following criteria: Full-thickness depth (grade 3 or 4) lesion 2 cm or more in diameter by MRI or arthroscopy; and Preferably surrounded by normal, healthy (non-arthritic) cartilage; and Causing disabling localized knee pain that is unresponsive to conservative treatment (e.g., medication, physical therapy); and Normal knee alignment or knee alignment will be surgically corrected (i.e., by osteotomy) at time of allograft; and The opposing articular surface should be generally free of disease or injury, including no arthritis on the corresponding tibial surface. Meniscus: Degenerative changes must be absent or minimal (Outerbridge grade II or less), and Knee must be stable prior to surgery or be surgically corrected at the time of the allograft (i.e., intact or reconstructed ACL), and Members under the age of 55 years, and Normal knee alignment or knee alignment will be surgically corrected (i.e., by osteotomy) at time of allograft; and Pre-operative studies (MRI or previous arthroscopy) reveal absence or near-absence of the meniscus; and Significant knee pain unresponsive to conservative treatment. Aetna considers allograft transplant of the knee experimental and investigational for all other indications because its effectiveness for indications other than the ones listed above has not been established. Osteochondral Allograft of the talus Aetna considers osteochondral allograft of the talus experimental and investigational because there are unanswered questions regarding the clinical outcomes of this approach when compared with ankle arthrodesis, especially in terms of pain, disability, functionality and durability. Vascularized bone graft Aetna considers the use of vascularized bone graft for the treatment of avascular necrosis of the talus experimental and investigational because its effectiveness has not been established. Osteochondral Allograft Aetna considers osteochondral allograft experimental and investigational for the following: Individuals who have had a previous total meniscectomy; or Individuals with a cartilaginous defect associated with osteoarthritis or inflammatory diseases or where an osteoarthritic or inflammatory process significantly and adversely affects the quality of the perilesional cartilage; or All other indications, including dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica (Trevor's disease), femoral trochlear dysplasia, ilio-tibial band repair, shoulder instability, tarso-metatarsal arthrodesis, repairing chondral defects/lesions of the ankle, elbow, hip, patella, patello-femoral ligament, and shoulder (e.g., acromio-clavicular (AC) separation, Hill Sachs lesions) because its effectiveness has not been established. Synthetic Resorbable Polymers Aetna considers the use of synthetic resorbable polymers (e.g., Tru Fit Plug, Poly Graft) for osteochondral allografts of the knee and other joints experimental and investigational because its effectiveness has not been established. Fast-Fix meniscal repair system Aetna considers the Fast-Fix meniscal repair system medically necessary for repair of meniscal tears."
},
{
"docid": "D1582746#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/55650818/thigh-and-gluteal-region-flash-cards/\nThigh and Gluteal Region",
"text": "\"136 terms alisussman3Thigh and Gluteal Region Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortanterior compartment of the thigh contains what kinds of muscles? flexors of the hip extensors of the knee Pectineus flat quadrangular muscle adducts and flexes the thigh assists with medial rotation of the thigh Innervation: femoral nerve O: Superior ramus of pubis I: Pectineal line of femur just inferior to lesser trochanter Iliopsoas CHIEF FLEXOR OF THE THIGH formed by merging of psoas major and iliacus This muscle is also a postural muscle active during standing in maintaining normal lumbar lordosis and indirectly the compensatory thoracic kyphosis Sartorius tailor's muscle Most superficial When contracted bilaterally bring legs into crossed seated position None of the actions are strong so just aids in actions of other anterior thigh muscle Innervation: femoral nerve So, could you cross your legs without a sartorius? Yes, because every action assigned to the sartorius is also performed by other muscles. And it's relatively weak. Given its small diameter, the sartorius doesn't generate much force compared to its neighbors in the thigh. Perhaps its most important function is protection. In the anatomy lab, pulling the sartorius to one side reveals two major blood vessels on their way to and from the calf - the femoral artery and femoral vein. Covering those vessels with a muscle presumably offers better protection than mere skin, fat, and connective tissue."
},
{
"docid": "D2027492#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knee_replacement_surgery\nKnee replacement",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Knee replacement surgery)navigation search Knee replacement Knee replacement ICD-10-PCS 0SRD0JZICD-9-CM 81.54Me SH D019645Medline Plus 002974e Medicine 1250275 [ edit on Wikidata]Knee replacement, also known as knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure to replace the weight-bearing surfaces of the knee joint to relieve pain and disability. It is most commonly performed for osteoarthritis, [1] and also for other knee diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. In patients with severe deformity from advanced rheumatoid arthritis, trauma, or long-standing osteoarthritis, the surgery may be more complicated and carry higher risk. Osteoporosis does not typically cause knee pain, deformity, or inflammation and is not a reason to perform knee replacement Other major causes of debilitating pain include meniscus tears, cartilage defects, and ligament tears. Debilitating pain from osteoarthritis is much more common in the elderly. Knee replacement surgery can be performed as a partial or a total knee replacement. [ 2] In general, the surgery consists of replacing the diseased or damaged joint surfaces of the knee with metal and plastic components shaped to allow continued motion of the knee. The operation typically involves substantial postoperative pain, and includes vigorous physical rehabilitation. The recovery period may be 6 weeks or longer and may involve the use of mobility aids (e.g. walking frames, canes, crutches) to enable the patient's return to preoperative mobility. [ 3]Contents [ hide ]1 Medical uses2 Risks2.1 Deep vein thrombosis2.2 Fractures2.3 Loss of motion2.4 Instability2.5 Infection3 Pre-operative preparation4 Technique4.1 Femoral replacement4.2 Post operative Pain Control5 Variations5.1 Partial knee replacement6 Post-operative evaluation7 Post-operative rehabilitation8 Epidemiology9 See also10 References11 External links Medical uses [ edit]X-ray of total knee replacement, anterior-posterior (front to back) view."
},
{
"docid": "D1496419#0",
"title": "http://thelowback.com/fix.htm\n.",
"text": "\"If this site has been helpful to you, please consider making a donation: HOW TO FIX IT__________CORRECTION OF THE DYSFUNCTION REVERSES ALL OF THESE SYMPTOMSTESTING FOR SIJDThe Passive Straight Leg Raising Test (PSLR) The PSLR test is commonly used to test for leg pain and sciatic neuritis. If lifting the straight leg causes leg pain that is then increased with dorsiflexion of the foot (Laseques test) a sciatic neuritis is indicated. However this test may also be used to determine SIJD. With SIJD the PSLR test may actually decrease back pain because the pull on the hamstrings with PSLR will cause the innominate bone to rotate posteriorly (backward). PSLR may also increase pain in the low back on the contra lateral (opposite) side. As the pelvic bone rotates posteriorly on the same side it will carry the sacrum back on the opposite innominate and in effect cause a strain in anterior rotation on that side. If PSLR increases pain on the same side (usually the side of the shorter leg) it is a sign of a secondary slipping at S1 on that side. This is clinically insignificant but is treated by many as a posterior rotation or an upslip. Some chiropractors and PTs mobilize this joint in an attempt to correct a posterior dysfunction or an upslip with the patient side-lying, pulling back on the shoulder and shoving forward and down on the pelvis. The lumbar spine is already unstable because of the loose iliolumbar ligaments and the anterior rotation has overstretched the long posterior ligament."
},
{
"docid": "D145438#0",
"title": "http://boneandspine.com/pelvic-fractures-presentation-and-treatment/\nPelvic Fractures- Presentation and Treatment",
"text": "\"Pelvic Fractures- Presentation and Treatment By Dr Arun Pal Singh Pelvic fractures and soft tissue injuries break the continuity of pelvic ring. Most pelvic fractures are stable and occur with a low-energy mechanism of injury. However pelvic fractures can be unstable. These unstable fractures are usually result of high energy trauma and are associated with injuries to surrounding viscera, vessels and nerves and are commonly associated with injury to other parts like head, chest, abdomen, spine and extremities. Pelvic fractures may be associated with a lot of internal or external bleeding. The bleeding may come from exposed fractures, soft-tissue injury, and local veins or less commonly artery. Low energy and stable fracture of pelvis heal well without much problem. But unstable and displaced pelvic fractures may cause significant deformity, pain, and disability. Traditionally, pelvic fractures have been treated non-operatively but there is an increased trend to operate the unstable pelvic fractures. This has been made possible by better management of patients with multiple injuries, better implants, better understanding of injury and deformity pattern."
},
{
"docid": "D2530308#0",
"title": "http://philschatz.com/anatomy-book/contents/m46375.html\nThe Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis",
"text": "\"The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis The pelvic girdle (hip girdle) is formed by a single bone, the hip bone or coxal bone (coxal = “hip”), which serves as the attachment point for each lower limb. Each hip bone, in turn, is firmly joined to the axial skeleton via its attachment to the sacrum of the vertebral column. The right and left hip bones also converge anteriorly to attach to each other. The bony pelvis is the entire structure formed by the two hip bones, the sacrum, and, attached inferiorly to the sacrum, the coccyx ( [link] ). Unlike the bones of the pectoral girdle, which are highly mobile to enhance the range of upper limb movements, the bones of the pelvis are strongly united to each other to form a largely immobile, weight-bearing structure. This is important for stability because it enables the weight of the body to be easily transferred laterally from the vertebral column, through the pelvic girdle and hip joints, and into either lower limb whenever the other limb is not bearing weight. Thus, the immobility of the pelvis provides a strong foundation for the upper body as it rests on top of the mobile lower limbs. Pelvis The pelvic girdle is formed by a single hip bone. The hip bone attaches the lower limb to the axial skeleton through its articulation with the sacrum. The right and left hip bones, plus the sacrum and the coccyx, together form the pelvis."
},
{
"docid": "D924469#0",
"title": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0720048X11003755\nThe proximal hamstring muscleâtendonâbone unit: A review of the normal anatomy, biomechanics, and pathophysiology",
"text": "European Journal of Radiology Volume 81, Issue 12, December 2012, Pages 3772-3779The proximal hamstring muscle–tendon–bone unit: A review of the normal anatomy, biomechanics, and pathophysiology Luis Beltran a 1 Varand Ghazikhanian b 2 Mario Padron c 3 Javier Beltran b Show morehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.03.099 Get rights and content Abstract Proximal hamstring injuries occur during eccentric contraction with the hip and the knee on extension; hence they are relatively frequent lesions in specific sports such as water skiing and hurdle jumping. Additionally, the trend toward increasing activity and fitness training in the general population has resulted in similar injuries. Myotendinous strains are more frequent than avulsion injuries. Discrimination between the two types of lesions is relevant for patient management, since the former is treated conservatively and the latter surgically. MRI and Ultrasonography are both well suited techniques for the diagnosis and evaluation of hamstring tendon injuries. Each one has its advantages and disadvantages. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the anatomy and biomechanics of the proximal hamstring muscle–tendon–bone unit and the varied imaging appearances of hamstring injury, which is vital for optimizing patient care. This will enable the musculoskeletal radiologist to contribute accurate and useful information in the treatment of athletes at all levels of participation. Previous article Next article Keywords Hamstring tendons Tendon injury Enthesopathy Biceps femoris tendon Semitendinosus tendon Semimembranosus tendon1. Introduction The proximal hamstring muscle–tendon–bone unit is the most frequently injured muscle in athletes [1–3], which typically presents with a sudden excruciating pain along the posterior thigh, resulting in the need for immediate cessation of athletic activity."
},
{
"docid": "D2251263#0",
"title": "https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/anatomy-past-papers-final/deck/16296893\nAnatomy Past Papers Final",
"text": "Tal K. Size: 4351. Choose a correct name of the yellow region: Pubic region Mesogastrium Hypogastrium Epigastric region No name is correct Pubic region The inferior vena cava receives direct tributaries from all of the following except the: Spleen Liver Posterior abdominal wall Suprarenal gland Testes Spleen The spinal (dorsal root) ganglia: Are located in the vertebral foramina. Are located on the pedicles of the vertebral arches. Contain the bodies of the motor neurons. Are composed of the neural cells of multipolar type. No answer is correct Term Are located on the pedicles of the vertebral arches. The hip joint (articulatio coax) is a ball and socket type of synovial joint. The head of the femur articulates with the whole acetabulum. The articular capsule is attached to the intertrochanteric crest (crista intertrochanterica). Is the joint between the acetabulum of the hip joint and the condyle of the femur."
},
{
"docid": "D49888#0",
"title": "http://www.aetna.com/cpb/medical/data/1_99/0009.html\nOrthopedic Casts, Braces and Splints",
"text": "\"Orthopedic Casts, Braces and Splints Print Share Number: 0009Policy Note: Most Aetna traditional plans cover durable medical equipment (DME) as a standard benefit. Standard Aetna HMO plans do not cover DME without a policy rider. Please check benefit plan descriptions for details. Certain orthopedic casts, braces and splints are covered under HMO plans without the DME rider because their use is integral to the treatment of certain orthopedic fractures and recovery after certain orthopedic procedures. The following braces may be considered medically necessary for the listed indications when they are used to treat disease or injury. Back Braces Lumbar Orthosis, Lumbar-Sacral Orthosis, and Thoracic-Lumbar-Sacral Orthosis. Aetna considers a lumbar orthosis, lumbar-sacral orthosis, and thoracic-lumbar-sacral orthosis medically necessary for any of the following indications: To facilitate healing following an injury to the spine or related soft tissues; or To facilitate healing following a surgical procedure on the spine or related soft tissue (see section on Post-operative Back Braces below); or To reduce pain by restricting mobility of the trunk; or To support weak spinal muscles and/or a deformed spine. Supportive lumbar orthosis, lumbar-sacral orthosis, and thoracic-lumbar-sacral orthosis are considered experimental and investigational for other indications because their effectiveness for indications other than the ones listed above has not been established. Following a strain/sprain, supportive lumbar orthosis, lumbar-sacral orthosis, and thoracic-lumbar-sacral orthosis (back supports, lumbo-sacral supports, support vests) are used to render support to an injured site of the back. The main effect is to support the injured muscle and reduce discomfort."
}
] |
8289 | which of the following were terms of the treaty of versailles?germany was occupied by allied troops.germany paid reparations.germany accepted sole responsibility for world war i.german territory was reduced in size. | [
{
"docid": "D2515406#0",
"title": "http://www.weegy.com/?ConversationId=COIZGLV8\n.",
"text": "Question and answer Q: Which of the following were terms of the Treaty of Versailles? Germany was occupied by Allied troops. Germany paid reparations. Germany accepted sole responsibility for World War I. German territorywas reduced in size. A: Germany accepted sole responsibility for World War I were terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Get an answer Search for an answer or ask Weegy (Free)Which of the following were terms of the Treaty of Versailles? Germany was occupied by Allied troops. Germany paid reparations. Germany accepted sole responsibility for World War I. German territory was reduced in size."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2469794#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_were_the_causes_for_World_War_2\nWhat were some of the causes of World War 2?",
"text": "\"Answer by Joncey Confidence votes 68.7KThe war in Europe was caused by the German invasion of Poland and the war in Asia was triggered by the Japanese invasion of China. Searching for more fundamental causes is more complicated and becomes intertwined with answers to \"\"What could have prevented World War 2?\"\" and \"\"What chains of events led to WW2?\"\" On September 1, 1939 Hitler sent troops into Poland after repeatedly being told NOT to try and take over neighboring countries by Britain and France. They declared war on Germany September 3, 1939. Here are answers and opinions from Wiki Answers Contributors about the causes of World War 2: German and Japanese Agendas The key cause of the war in Europe was Hitler's agenda of conquest and Japan's expansionism. Failure of the Treaty of Versailles: The treaty signed after World War I treated Germany very harshly and was greatly resented by the German people. The size of Germany's military was severely restricted. Germany lost territory in Europe and was forced to give up territories from its overseas colonies. Germany was ordered to pay $33 billion in reparations (war damages)."
},
{
"docid": "D2233676#0",
"title": "https://ca.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100416060311AADv57W\nWas the Treaty of Versailles a fair and justified document?",
"text": "\"Arts & Humanities History Was the Treaty of Versailles a fair and justified document? I am doing a history assignment and require further justification. Follow 6 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: I think it was, Germany could of been treated far worse. Up to that time when a country lost a war their country was occupied by the victors. The victorious soldiers ran rampant in that country, they stole anything of value, raped or killed many citizens, stole all the natural resources and treasures of that country and remained there as long as they wanted. After WW1, Germany didn't have to suffer occupation and the Treaty of Versailles did give Germany a second chance. I don't believe Hitler's propaganda that the Treaty forced Germany into war, Hitler just used that as a way to gain the support of the German people. It shows the power of propaganda that many people today still believe Germany was forced into WW1. If Hitler hadn't stopped making the reparation payments, Germany could of had it paid off in the 1930's or 40's. Instead, he stopped making the payments because he wanted to, and did, use that money to rebuild/rearm the German Armed Forces for the war he was planning."
},
{
"docid": "D169116#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles\nTreaty of Versailles",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the Treaty of Versailles of 28 June 1919, at the end of World War I. For other uses, see Treaty of Versailles (disambiguation). Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany [1]Cover of the English version Signed 28 June 1919 [2]Location Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles in France [3]Effective 10 January 1920 [4]Condition Ratification by Germany and three of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers [1]Signatories Principal Allied and Associated Powers [1] [6]British Empire France Italy United States Japan Other Allied powers [1] [show]Central Powers Germany [1]Depositary French government [7]Languages French and English [7]Treaty of Versailles at Wikisource Paris Peace Conference League of Nations [show]Treaty of Versailles [show]Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye [show]Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine [show]Treaty of Trianon [show]Treaty of Sèvres [show]Others [show]v t e The Treaty of Versailles ( French: Traité de Versailles) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919 in Versailles, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand which directly lead to World War I. The other Central Powers on the German side of World War I signed separate treaties. [ 8] Although the armistice, signed on 11 November 1918, ended the actual fighting, it took six months of Allied negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference to conclude the peace treaty. The treaty was registered by the Secretariat of the League of Nations on 21 October 1919. Of the many provisions in the treaty, one of the most important and controversial required \"\"Germany [to] accept the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage\"\" during the war (the other members of the Central Powers signed treaties containing similar articles). This article, Article 231, later became known as the War Guilt clause. The treaty forced Germany to disarm, make substantial territorial concessions, and pay reparations to certain countries that had formed the Entente powers. In 1921 the total cost of these reparations was assessed at 132 billion marks (then $31.4 billion or £6.6 billion, roughly equivalent to US $442 billion or UK £284 billion in 2018)."
},
{
"docid": "D1143557#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar_Republic\nWeimar Republic",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Weimar Germany\"\" redirects here. For the German city, see Weimar. For the Bonn Republic, the German state between 1949 and 1990, see West Germany. For the Berlin Republic, the current German state since 1990, see Germany. German Reich Deutsches Reich1918–1933Flag Coat of arms Anthem Das Lied der Deutschen\"\"Song of the Germans\"\"Germany in 1930German states during the Weimar Republic period Capital Berlin Languages German Religion 1925 census [1] 64.1% Protestant ( Lutheran, Reformed, United) 32.4% Roman Catholic 0.9% Jewish 2.6% Other Government 1919–30 Semi-presidentialrepresentative federal republic1930–33 De factoauthoritarianrule by decree President• 1919–25 Friedrich Ebert• 1925–33 Paul von Hindenburg Chancellor• 1919 (first) Philipp Scheidemann• 1933 (last) Adolf Hitler Legislature Reichstag• State Council Reichsrat Historical era Interwar period• Established 9 November 1918• Government bydecree begins 29 March 1930 [2]• Hitler appointed Chancellor30 January 1933• Reichstag fire 27 February 1933• Enabling Act 24 March 1933Area• 1925 [3] 468,787 km 2 (181,000 sq mi)Population• 1925 [3] est. 62,411,000Density 133/km 2 (345/sq mi)Currency1919–23 \"\"Papiermark\"\" (ℳ)1923–24 Rentenmark1924–33 Reichsmark (ℛℳ)Preceded by Succeeded by German Empire Nazi Germany Today part of Germany Poland Russia Belgium Netherlands The coat of arms shown above is the version used after 1928, which replaced that shown in the \"\"Flag and coat of arms\"\" section. [ 4]The Weimar Republic ( German: Weimarer Republik [ˈvaɪmaʁɐ ʁepuˈbliːk] ( listen)) is an unofficial, historical designation for the German state during the years 1919 to 1933. The name derives from the city of Weimar, where its constitutional assembly first took place. The official name of the state remained Deutsches Reich, unchanged since 1871. In English, the country was usually known simply as Germany."
},
{
"docid": "D439608#0",
"title": "http://www.debate.org/opinions/was-the-treaty-of-versailles-fair-to-germany-which-of-the-allied-leaders-did-you-most-agree-with-which-of-the-provisions-was-the-most-fair-how-about-unfair\nWas the Treaty of Versailles fair to Germany? Which of the Allied leaders did you most agree with? Which of the provisions was the most fair? How about unfair?",
"text": "\"The Treaty of Versailles Yes, I think that the Treaty of Versailles was very fair to Germany. I think this because Germany deserved something bad in return for even starting the war. It was not fair to Germany how they did not really have a say on what went on in with the Treaty of Versailles. Germany should have known this was going to happen to them. They caused many men to become hurt, and even be killed by their own stupidity. Using the Schliffen Plan might of been good on their part,but in reality that was not a very good move for them. Continuing on and looking at Europe. Europe was destroyed and that should all be put on Germany's shoulders for that because Europe did not deserve anything of what happened to them. I would also have to say that I mostly agree with what Woodrow Wilson had to say. He said that Germany should pay for the things they have done and that is exactly it!"
},
{
"docid": "D10885#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations\nLeague of Nations",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Not to be confused with Commonwealth of Nations or Nations League. This article is about the intergovernmental organisation. For the group in professional wrestling, see The League of Nations (professional wrestling). League of Nations Société des Nations ( French)Sociedad de Naciones ( Spanish)Intergovernmental organisation1920–1946Coat of arms Anachronous World map showing member states of the League of Nations during its history. Capital Geneva , Switzerland [a]Languages French English Spanish Political structure Intergovernmental organisation Secretary‑General• 1920–33 Sir Eric Drummond• 1933–40 Joseph Avenol• 1940–46 Seán Lester Deputy Secretary-General• 1919–23 Jean Monnet• 1923–33 Joseph Avenol• 1937–40 Seán Lester Historical era Interwar period• Treaty of Versailles 10 January 1920• First meeting 16 January 1920• Dissolved 20 April 1946Succeeded by United Nationsa. ^ The headquarters were based from 1 November 1920 in the Palais Wilson in Geneva, Switzerland, and from 17 February 1936 in the purpose built Palace of Nations also in Geneva. The League of Nations (abbreviated as LN in English, La Société des Nations [la sɔsjete de nɑsjɔ̃] abbreviated as SDN or Sd N in French) was an intergovernmental organisation founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first international organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. [ 1] Its primary goals, as stated in its Covenant, included preventing wars through collective security and disarmament and settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration. [ 2] Other issues in this and related treaties included labour conditions, just treatment of native inhabitants, human and drug trafficking, the arms trade, global health, prisoners of war, and protection of minorities in Europe. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2394137#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailes\nTreaty of Versailles",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Treaty of Versailes)navigation search This article is about the Treaty of Versailles of 28 June 1919, at the end of World War I. For other uses, see Treaty of Versailles (disambiguation). Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany [1]Cover of the English version Signed 28 June 1919 [2]Location Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles in France [3]Effective 10 January 1920 [4]Condition Ratification by Germany and three of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers [1]Signatories Principal Allied and Associated Powers [1] [6]British Empire France Italy United States Japan Other Allied powers [1] [show]Central Powers Germany [1]Depositary French government [7]Languages French and English [7]Treaty of Versailles at Wikisource Paris Peace Conference League of Nations [show]Treaty of Versailles [show]Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye [show]Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine [show]Treaty of Trianon [show]Treaty of Sèvres [show]Others [show]v t e The Treaty of Versailles ( French: Traité de Versailles) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919 in Versailles, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand which directly lead to World War I. The other Central Powers on the German side of World War I signed separate treaties. [ 8] Although the armistice, signed on 11 November 1918, ended the actual fighting, it took six months of Allied negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference to conclude the peace treaty. The treaty was registered by the Secretariat of the League of Nations on 21 October 1919. Of the many provisions in the treaty, one of the most important and controversial required \"\"Germany [to] accept the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage\"\" during the war (the other members of the Central Powers signed treaties containing similar articles). This article, Article 231, later became known as the War Guilt clause. The treaty forced Germany to disarm, make substantial territorial concessions, and pay reparations to certain countries that had formed the Entente powers. In 1921 the total cost of these reparations was assessed at 132 billion marks (then $31.4 billion or £6.6 billion, roughly equivalent to US $442 billion or UK £284 billion in 2018)."
},
{
"docid": "D2085643#0",
"title": "https://www.scribd.com/document/268235312/World-War-I-II-III-Cold-War\nThis is a map of Europe during the early 20th century, before the World War started.",
"text": "\"This is a map of Europe during the early 20th century, before the World War started. The main aggressors were Germany and Austria-Hungary Causes The complex alliances between the countries-that maintained peace in Europe-required their allies to come to their aid in case of an attack. Therefore any aggression between these two blocks would escalate a global conflagration.as well as the seizure of the Alsace-Lorraine region catapulted Germany as an industrial power. Serbia. Just look at the size of Germany compared to the rest of Europe. Now. Peace in Europe Now. Russia allied itself with France. Germany was thinking of dominating the world. Germany failed to get Moroccan independence and only succeeded in strengthening the Triple Entente."
},
{
"docid": "D1706391#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versailles_Conference\nParis Peace Conference, 1919",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Versailles Conference)navigation search Paris Peace Conference League of Nations [show]Treaty of Versailles [show]Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye [show]Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine [show]Treaty of Trianon [show]Treaty of Sèvres [show]Others [show]v t e The Paris Peace Conference, also known as Versailles Peace Conference, was the meeting of the victorious Allied Powers following the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers. Involving diplomats from 32 countries and nationalities, the major or main decisions were the creation of the League of Nations, as well as the five peace treaties with the defeated states; the awarding of German and Ottoman overseas possessions as \"\" mandates \"\", chiefly to Britain and France; reparations imposed on Germany; and the drawing of new national boundaries (sometimes with plebiscites) to better reflect ethnic boundaries. The main result was the Treaty of Versailles with Germany, which in section 231 laid the guilt for the war on \"\"the aggression of Germany and her allies\"\". This provision proved humiliating for Germany and set the stage for the expensive reparations Germany was intended to pay (it paid only a small portion before reparations ended in 1931). The five major powers ( France, Britain, Italy, Japan and the United States of America) controlled the Conference. And the \"\"Big Four\"\" were the Prime Minister of France, Georges Clemenceau; the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, David Lloyd George; the President of the United States, Woodrow Wilson; and the Prime Minister of Italy, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando. They met together informally 145 times and made all the major decisions, which in turn were ratified by the others. [ 1] The conference began on January 18, 1919 and with respect to its end date Professor Michael Neiberg has noted: Although the senior statesmen stopped working personally on the conference in June 1919, the formal peace process did not really end until July 1923, when the Treaty of Lausanne was signed\"\". [ 2]Johannes Bell of Germany is portrayed signing the peace treaties on 28 June 1919 in The Signing of Peace in the Hall of Mirrors by Sir William Orpen Contents [ hide ]1 Overview and direct results2 Mandates3 British approach3.1 Dominion representation4 French approach5 Italian approach6 American approach7 Japanese approach7.1 Racial equality proposal7.2 Territorial claims8 Greek approach9 Chinese approach10 Questions about independence10.1 All-Russian Government (Whites)10.2 Ukraine10.3 Belarus10.4 Minority rights in Poland and other European countries10.5 Caucasus10.6 Korean Delegation10.7 Palestine11 Historical assessments12 Cultural references13 See also14 References15 Further reading16 External links Overview and direct results [ edit]Further information: List of participants to Paris Peace Conference, 1919Versailles St-Germain Neuilly Trianon Sevres The location of the signing of the five principal treaties within the Île de France region The Conference opened on 18 January 1919. [ 3] This date was symbolic, as it was the anniversary of the proclamation of William I as German Emperor in 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles, shortly before the end of the Siege of Paris [4] - a day itself imbued with significance in its turn in Germany as the anniversary of the establishment of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1370537#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100320084753AAhFA7Q\nWhat did the treaty of versailles do to germany?",
"text": "\"Arts & Humanities History What did the treaty of versailles do to germany? I want to know like how much land and soldiers etc got tooken away from them. Im doing an eassy on World War 2. Follow 6 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: I assume you are going to mention the treaty as the cause of the WW2, as it did in a way open the way for Hitler to power. The treaty limited the German army to 100,000 men (unbelievably small number for a great power) and only 6 battleships without any submarines or air force (later Britain introduced a separate agreement allowed Germany to increase its navy up to 35% of the size of Britain's Grand Fleet). Germany lost all the colonies gained during Weltpolitik, they were became League of Nation's mandates run by Britain and France. Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria and lost Danzig, Alsace-Lorraine, which Germany captured off France earlier. Upper Silesia was divided between Germany and Poland according to the results of a referendum organized by the League. Germany also lost the Saar land, which was to be run by the League for 15 years and then a referendum was to be held (when it was, people chose to join Hitler's Germany). This all was \"\"unfair\"\", because Germans were effectively denied self-determination, which other European nations enjoyed (according to Germans themselves)."
},
{
"docid": "D535833#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versailles_Treaty\nTreaty of Versailles",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Versailles Treaty)navigation search This article is about the Treaty of Versailles of 28 June 1919, at the end of World War I. For other uses, see Treaty of Versailles (disambiguation). Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany [1]Cover of the English version Signed 28 June 1919 [2]Location Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles in France [3]Effective 10 January 1920 [4]Condition Ratification by Germany and three of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers [1]Signatories Principal Allied and Associated Powers [1] [6]British Empire France Italy United States Japan Other Allied powers [1] [show]Central Powers Germany [1]Depositary French government [7]Languages French and English [7]Treaty of Versailles at Wikisource Paris Peace Conference League of Nations [show]Treaty of Versailles [show]Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye [show]Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine [show]Treaty of Trianon [show]Treaty of Sèvres [show]Others [show]v t e The Treaty of Versailles ( French: Traité de Versailles) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919 in Versailles, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand which directly lead to World War I. The other Central Powers on the German side of World War I signed separate treaties. [ 8] Although the armistice, signed on 11 November 1918, ended the actual fighting, it took six months of Allied negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference to conclude the peace treaty. The treaty was registered by the Secretariat of the League of Nations on 21 October 1919. Of the many provisions in the treaty, one of the most important and controversial required \"\"Germany [to] accept the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage\"\" during the war (the other members of the Central Powers signed treaties containing similar articles). This article, Article 231, later became known as the War Guilt clause. The treaty forced Germany to disarm, make substantial territorial concessions, and pay reparations to certain countries that had formed the Entente powers. In 1921 the total cost of these reparations was assessed at 132 billion marks (then $31.4 billion or £6.6 billion, roughly equivalent to US $442 billion or UK £284 billion in 2018)."
},
{
"docid": "D6126#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteen_Points\nFourteen Points",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search U. S. President Woodrow Wilson The Fourteen Points was a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I. The principles were outlined in a January 8, 1918 speech on war aims and peace terms to the United States Congress by President Woodrow Wilson. Europeans generally welcomed Wilson's points, [1] but his main Allied colleagues ( Georges Clemenceau of France, David Lloyd George of the United Kingdom, and Vittorio Orlando of Italy) were skeptical of the applicability of Wilsonian idealism. [ 2]The United States had joined the Allied Powers in fighting the Central Powers on April 6, 1917. Its entry into the war had in part been due to Germany's resumption of submarine warfare against merchant ships trading with France and Britain and also the interception of the Zimmermann Telegram. However, Wilson wanted to avoid the United States' involvement in the long-standing European tensions between the great powers; if America was going to fight, he wanted to try to separate that participation in the war from nationalistic disputes or ambitions. The need for moral aims was made more important, when after the fall of the Russian government, the Bolsheviks disclosed secret treaties made between the Allies. Wilson's speech also responded to Vladimir Lenin's Decree on Peace of November 1917, immediately after the October Revolution in 1917. [ 3]The speech made by Wilson took many domestic progressive ideas and translated them into foreign policy ( free trade, open agreements, democracy and self-determination ). Three days earlier United Kingdom Prime Minister Lloyd George had made a speech setting out Britain's war aims which bore some similarity to Wilson's speech but which proposed reparations be paid by the Central Powers and which was vaguer in its promises to the non-Turkish subjects of the Ottoman Empire. The Fourteen Points in the speech were based on the research of the Inquiry, a team of about 150 advisers led by foreign-policy adviser Edward M. House, into the topics likely to arise in the anticipated peace conference."
},
{
"docid": "D2882600#0",
"title": "https://bobhistory.wikispaces.com/The+Treaty+of+Sevres+and+Neuilly\nThe Treaty of Sevres and Neuilly",
"text": "\"The Treaty of Sevres and Neuilly Edit 0 1 …0 Tags No tags Notify RSSBacklinks Source Print Export (PDF)Details last edit bysherrykhuusherrykhuu [ [../diff/Treaty of Sevres and Treaty of Neuilly/130503231|5 minutes ago]] - [ [../history/Treaty of Sevres and Treaty of Neuilly|1 revision]]hide details Tags [ [tag/view/interwar years|interwar years]] [ [Treaty of Sevres and Treaty of Neuilly#|edit]] interwar years Save [ [Treaty of Sevres and Treaty of Neuilly#|Cancel]]Edit This Page Background: Tthe Treaty of Sèvres (10 August 1920) was the peace treaty between the Ottoman Empire and Allies at the end of World War I. The Treaty of Versailles was signed with Germany before this treaty to annul the German concessions including the economic rights and enterprises. Treaty terms The treaty solidified the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, in accord with secret agreements among the Allied Powers. Kingdom of Hejaz The Kingdom of Hejaz was granted international recognition. Estimated area of 100,000 square miles (260,000 km2), and population of about 750,000. The biggest cities were Holy Places, namely, Mecca, with a population of 80,000, and Medina, with a population of 40,000. It formerly constituted the vilayet of Hejaz, but during the war became an independent kingdom under British influence. Armenia Democratic Republic of Armenia is recognized as an established state by the signed parties. This was the first international recognition. Ottoman Empire The Allies were to control the Empire's finances. The financial control extended to the approval or supervision of the national budget, financial laws and regulations, and the total control on the Ottoman Bank [currency control through central bank of empire]. The Ottoman Public Debt Administration of the Ottoman Public Debt was redesigned by including only British, French and Italians."
},
{
"docid": "D1836002#0",
"title": "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120402083602AAhPmE8\nHow did the treaty of Versailles affect Germany after WW1?",
"text": "Arts & Humanities History How did the treaty of Versailles affect Germany after WW1? Basically i know they blamed the war on Germany, was this because Germany agreed to give up? Also did the treaty make Germany pay lots of money to other countries and why did Germany sign it in the first place? Were they forced to? Thanks i know it might sound stupid but just wondering!Follow 3 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: The Paris Peace Conference opened on January 12, 1919. Leaders of 32 states representing about 75% of the world's population, attended. However, the five major powers, the United States, Britain, France, Italy, and Japan dominated negotiations. Important figures in these negotiations included Georges Clemenceau [France], David Lloyd George [Britain], Vittorio Orlando [Italy], and Woodrow Wilson [United States]. The Versailles Treaty was one of the products of the conference. The Germans believed that the treaty would be based on President Wilson’s Fourteen Points, which offered a framework for a just peace, and the hopes that any future international tension would be prevented. The Germans believed the Fourteen Points would have resulted in drastically less devastation to Germany if used in the treaty."
},
{
"docid": "D1968610#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/How-did-WW2-start\nHow did WW2 start?",
"text": "\"World War II Military History and Wars How did WW2 start?ad by Truth Finder New laws permit a website to reveal your information. This new site can reveal more about Americans than ever before. Just enter a name to begin your search. Learn More at truthfinder.com25 Answers Seleukos Sofianidis, Passionate History Student Answered Jun 14, 2017 · Author has 155 answers and 349.5k answer views Originally Answered: How did World War 2 start? There are many reasons, but I would just mention two of them. First, the Treaty of Versailles. You see all those German territories given over to Poland, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, etc.? Well, those areas accounted for 12% of the German population, who wanted to be Germans. There are many short-sighted clauses in this Treaty that caused more harm than good, but the worst of them is this part - that a lot of Germans were arbitrarily separated from what they viewed as their country. The people and the land they live in."
},
{
"docid": "D1063149#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_II\nCauses of World War II",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( March 2018) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)The German battleship Schleswig-Holstein attacked Westerplatte at the start of the war, September 1, 1939Destroyer USS Shaw exploding during the attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941World War IIAlphabetical indices A B C D E F G H I J K L MN O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z0–9Navigation Campaigns Countries Equipment Lists Outline Timeline Portal Category Bibliographyv t e Timelines of World War IIChronological Prelude ( in Asia in Europe)1939 1940 1941 19421943 1944 1945By topic Diplomacy Engagements Operations Battle of Europe air operations Eastern Front Manhattan Project United Kingdom home frontv t e After World War I there were many events that would take place to lead up to World War II, these events would be the reasoning that the second World War would even take place. Some long-term causes of World War II are found in the conditions preceding World War I and seen as common for both World Wars. Supporters of this view paraphrase Carl von Clausewitz: World War II was a continuation of World War I by the same means. In fact, World Wars had been expected before Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler came to power and Japan invaded China. [ 1]Among the causes of World War II were Italian fascism in the 1920s, Japanese militarism and invasions of China in the 1930s, and especially the political takeover in 1933 of Germany by Hitler and his Nazi Party and its aggressive foreign policy. The immediate cause was Britain and France declaring war on Germany after it invaded Poland in September 1939. Problems arose in Weimar Germany that experienced strong currents of revanchism after the Treaty of Versailles that concluded its defeat in World War I in 1918."
},
{
"docid": "D3109387#0",
"title": "http://cdaworldhistory.wikidot.com/a-flawed-peace\n.",
"text": "\"A Flawed Peace Explain the Treaty of Versailles and its effects on European powers World War I was now over. All the killing had stopped however; the terms of peace still had some flaws that had to be corrected. Even though there were many representatives of many countries, there were only four of them that made the most significant changes. This group was known as the Big Four: Woodrow Wilson from the United States, Georges Clemenceau of France, David Lloyd George of Great Britain, and Vittorio Orlando of Italy. Russia nor Germany and its allies had any representatives. In January 1918, while the war was still going on, President Wilson established a series of peace proposals. Known as the Fourteen Points, this proposal specified a plan for achieving a just and lasting peace. The first four points included an end to secret treaties, freedom of the seas, free trade, and reduced national armies and navies. The fifth goal was the adjustment of colonial claims with fairness toward colonial peoples. The sixth through thirteenth points were specific suggestions for changing borders and creating nations."
},
{
"docid": "D186969#0",
"title": "http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/modern-world-history-1918-to-1980/the-treaty-of-versailles/\nThe Treaty of Versailles",
"text": "The Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles was the peace settlement signed after World War One had ended in 1918 and in the shadow of the Russian Revolution and other events in Russia. The treaty was signed at the vast Versailles Palace near Paris – hence its title – between Germany and the Allies. The three most important politicians there were David Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau and Woodrow Wilson. The Versailles Palace was considered the most appropriate venue simply because of its size – many hundreds of people were involved in the process and the final signing ceremony in the Hall of Mirrors could accommodate hundreds of dignitaries. Many wanted Germany, now led by Friedrich Ebert, smashed; others, like Lloyd George, were privately more cautious. Background World War One had left Europe devastated. Those countries that had fought in it, had suffered casualties never experienced before: Britain : 750,000 soldiers killed; 1,500,000 wounded France : 1,400,000 soldiers killed; 2,500,000 wounded Belgium : 50,000 soldiers killed Italy : 600,000 soldiers killed Russia : 1,700,000 soldiers killed America : 116,000 soldiers killed Those who had fought against the Allies suffered heavy casualties as well: Germany: 2,000,000 soldiers killed Austria-Hungary: 1,200,000 soldiers killed Turkey: 325,000 soldiers killed Bulgaria: 100,000 soldiers killed The total deaths of all nations who fought in the war is thought to have been 8.5 million with 21 million being wounded. Alongside these statistics, was the fact that vast areas of north-eastern Europe had been reduced to rubble. Flanders in Belgium had been all but destroyed with the ancient city of Ypres being devastated. The homes of 750,000 French people were destroyed and the infrastructure of this region had also been severely damaged."
},
{
"docid": "D1913969#0",
"title": "http://general-history.com/treaty-of-versailles-facts-causes-and-effects/\nTreaty of Versailles: Facts, Causes and Effects",
"text": "\"Treaty of Versailles: Facts, Causes and Effects One of the chief contributing causes of the Second World War was the Treaty of Versailles (June, 1919), that officially ended the First World War. Its main terms were surrender of ALL German colonies in Africa and the Far East, which would be mandated to Britain, France, Belgium, South Africa, Japan and Australia. This led to a re-distribution under a series of mandates – for example, the return of Alsace-Lorraine to France, the cession of Eupen-Malmedy to Belgium; plebiscites to be held in Northern Schleswig, the cession of Prussian Poland, parts of East Prussia and Upper Silesia to Poland; the cession of Danzig (now Gdansk) to be administered by the newly invented (and doomed) League of Nations; the cession of diminutive areas around Hultschin to Czechoslovakia; the cession of Memel (which was eventually annexed by Lithuania); the occupation of the Saar by the French; a demilitarization of the Rhineland, accompanied by allied occupation during fifteen years; the payment of an enormous sum in reparations ( £6,500 million in 1921: later Adolf Hitler would claim that this sum, demanded of a defeated Power by France and Belgium, was a veiled attempt to crush both the German spirit and the German economy); the limitation of the German Army to 100,000 men with no general staff, no conscription, no tanks, no heavy or light artillery, no poison gas supplies, and no aircraft or zeppelins. The German Navy was limited to ships under 10,000 tons (no battleships or cruisers then), no submarines and no Navy airforce. The Treaty did not allow any union between Germany and Austria (the Anschluss); it also declared Germany responsible for causing the war, and made provision for an official trial of the deposed Kaiser and other war leaders. Large areas of public opinion in Britain and France claimed that the terms of the Treaty were not harsh enough. Congress in the United States, however, went the other way, and refused to ratify the Treaty. Germans of all classes rejected the ‘war-guilt’ clause, and this continued to rankle with them until Hitler became Chancellor. In 1933 he refused to consider himself bound by the Treaty, and promised Germany total revenge. Ex-Kaiser Wilhelm II was never brought to trial."
},
{
"docid": "D1461572#0",
"title": "https://owlcation.com/humanities/Reasons-for-American-Entry-Into-WWII\nReasons for American Entry Into WWII",
"text": "\"Owlcation » Humanities » History Reasons for American Entry Into WWIIUpdated on April 30, 2017Justin Ives more World War II was a terrible event that will be remembered as one of the darkest chapters in human history. With estimates of the dead ranging from 60 to 80 million, it is unthinkable to imagine that this event was allowed to fester and erupt as it did. Many in the United States simply figured the problems of Europe would be contained to that continent. However, a new enemy brought the war to our shores. When the war began, the United States had entered a period of isolationism. Americans viewed the conflict as Europe’s problem and wished to keep it that way. However, as the situation in Europe grew increasingly dire, the United States began to slowly edge toward war. The breaking point, of course, was the sudden attack by the Japanese at Pearl Harbor. However, in retrospect, the attack may not have been such a sudden and unforeseen event. Tensions between the United States and Japan had been consistently escalating for several years before the attack."
}
] |
8295 | which one of the following is not part of the continental margin | [
{
"docid": "D2609229#0",
"title": "http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_tarbuck_earth_8/19/5075/1299424.cw/index.html\nChapter 13: Divergent Boundaries: Origin and Evolution of The Ocean Floor",
"text": "1. To approximately what depth in the ocean have humans traveled? You may find the information at this undersea exploration Web site helpful.1,000 meters6,000 meters11,000 meters23,000 meters16 kilometers2. According to the information at this Web site, the deepest dive by humans took place __________.along the Mid-Atlantic ridgein the Hudson canyonin the Marianas trenchon an abyssal plainat none of the above3. The two main types of continental margins are passive and active. True False4. Which one of the following is NOT a component of a passive continental margin?continental riseshelf breakdeep-ocean trenchcontinental shelfcontinental slope5. The continental shelf varies greatly in width from one continent to another. True False6. Which component of the continental margin has the greatest economic and political significance?continental slopecontinental shelfcontinental riseshelf break7."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1892928#0",
"title": "https://www.scribd.com/document/163951299/Chapter-10-Plate-Tectonics\nCHAPTER",
"text": "CHAPTER10Plate Tectonics and Regional Features THE SURFACE OF EARTH IS NOTABLE for its dramatic mountains, beautiful valleys, and intricate coastlines. Beneath the sea are unexpected features, such as undersea mountain ranges, deep ocean trenches, and thousands of submarine mountains. In this chapter, we examine the distribution of these features, along with the locations of earthquakes and volcanoes, to explore the theory of plate tectonics. These images of the world show large topographic features on the land, colored using satellite data that show areas of vegetation in green and areas of rocks and sand in tan. White and gray colors near the poles are ice. Colors on the seafloor indicate depths below sea level, ranging from light blue for seafloor that is at relatively shallow depths to dark blue for seafloor that is deep.10.00.a1Juan de Fuca Ridge The seafloor west of North America displays a long, fairly straight fracture that trends east-west and ends abruptly at the coastline. North of this fracture, a ridge called the Juan de Fuca Ridge zigzags across the seafloor. What are these features on the seafloor and how did they form? Amazon Basin Andes Mountains South America has two very different sides. The mountainous Andes parallel the western coast, but a wide expanse of lowlands, including the Amazon Basin, makes up the rest of the continent."
},
{
"docid": "D3428594#0",
"title": "http://www.killerinourmidst.com/methane%20and%20MHs2.html\n.",
"text": "\"METHANE AND METHANE HYDRATES, SECTION 2On the margins of the continents, below the seafloor, methane hydrate exists in vast quantities. It is there that the temperature and pressure conditions for hydrate formation are found, and where the hydrate, once formed, will not float away. These hydrates exist at temperatures around 0°C (32°F) -- freezing -- and up to about 15°C (27°F) higher. The deep water of the seafloor can be extremely frigid, down to almost two degrees C° (3.6°F) below the freezing point of fresh water (Broecker, 1997). But the water of the deep sea does not freeze because of the extreme pressure and its high salt content. ( If it did, like an ice cube in a cool summer drink, it would float to the surface. ) Methane hydrate in seafloor gravel. The ball-point pen shows size. ( Photo credit: Thomas H. Mroz, Geological Survey of Canada. From: Kerr, 2004 [Gas Hydrate Resource: Smaller But Sooner])Nonetheless, the hydrates in the sediments of the seafloor do remain frozen: after all, they are icy lattices."
},
{
"docid": "D2295250#0",
"title": "http://www.geol.umd.edu/%7Ejmerck/geol100/lectures/25.html\nGEOL100 4-5-10 Historical Geology of North America",
"text": "\"Geologic provinces of North America This section links extensively to the USGS Geologic Provinces of the United States web site. You should visit this site and study it directly. But first, two important definitions: Active margin: A continental margin that is adjacent to the nearest plate boundary. Active margins are usually the scene of tectonic activity like peripheral orogenies or trnasform boundaries. E. G.: the North American Pacific Northwest. Passive margin: A continental margin that is far from nearest plate boundary. Passive margins are usually tectonically quiet. E. G.: the North American Atlantic coast. Atlantic Plain province: Image During the Jurassic, the Atlantic ocean began to form. Initially, the crust near the new divergent boundary was hot, so it stood out in high relief like the shores of the Red Sea today."
},
{
"docid": "D2609225#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_margin\nContinental margin",
"text": "\"Profile illustrating the shelf, slope and rise The continental margin is one of the three major zones of the ocean floor, the other two being deep-ocean basins and mid-ocean ridges. The continental margin is the shallow water area found in proximity to continent. [ 1] The continental margin consists of three different features: the continental rise, the continental slope, and the continental shelf. [ 2] Continental margins constitute about 28% of the oceanic area. [ 1]The continental shelf is the portion of the continental margin that transitions from the shore out towards to ocean. They are believed to make up 7 percent of the sea floor. [ 3] The width of continental shelves worldwide varies from a 30 meters to 1500 kilometers. [ 4] It is generally flat, and ends at the shelf break, where there is a drastic increase in slope angle. The mean slope of continental shelves worldwide is 0 ° 07’ degrees, and typically steeper closer to the coastline than it is near the shelf break. [ 5] At the shelf break begins the continental slope, which can be one to five kilometers above the deep-ocean floor."
},
{
"docid": "D2579801#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_the_Death_and_Panamint_valleys_area\nGeology of the Death Valley area",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Geology of the Death and Panamint valleys area)navigation search The Death and Panamint valleys area from space. The elliptical depression to the left is the Searles Lake basin, the smaller linear valley is Panamint Valley and the larger one is Death Valley. The mountain range between Death and Panamint valleys is the Panamint Range and the Black Mountains bound the other side of Death Valley. ( NASA image)The exposed geology of the Death Valley area presents a diverse and complex set of at least 23 formations of sedimentary units, two major gaps in the geologic record called unconformities, and at least one distinct set of related formations geologists call a group. The oldest rocks in the area that now includes Death Valley National Park are extensively metamorphosed by intense heat and pressure and are at least 1700 million years old. These rocks were intruded by a mass of granite 1400 Ma (million years ago) and later uplifted and exposed to nearly 500 million years of erosion. Marine deposition occurred 1200 to 800 Ma, creating thick sequences of conglomerate, mudstone, and carbonate rock topped by stromatolites, and possibly glacial deposits from the hypothesized Snowball Earth event. Rifting thinned huge roughly linear parts of the supercontinent Rodinia enough to allow sea water to invade and divide its landmass into component continents separated by narrow straits. A passive margin developed on the edges of these new seas in the Death Valley region. Carbonate banks formed on this part of the two margins only to be subsided as the continental crust thinned until it broke, giving birth to a new ocean basin."
},
{
"docid": "D570778#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/subject/term%3Athe%20ocean%20floor%20%3D%20benthos/\n\"Study sets matching \"\"term:the ocean floor = benthos\"\"\"",
"text": "\"Study sets matching \"\"term:the ocean floor = benthos\"\"Study sets Diagrams Classes Users Options31 terms moelle9913__Ocean 14: the benthosepifauna infauna food fallsanimals living attached to the sea bottom or moving freely ove… animals that live buried in the sediment episodic setting of large food items to the sea floor9 terms ckropinski The Ocean Floor Abyssal Plain Continental Slope Continental Shelf Located on either side of the mid-ocean ridge. It is made up o… This steep slope is where the continental shelf drops to the b… The edges of the continents slope down from the shore into the…22 terms Zeni_Azlan4The Ocean Flooroceanography bathymetry sonarthe scientific study of the oceans and oceanic phenomena which… the measurements of ocean depths and the charting of the shape… electronic depth sounding tool that scientists use to calculat…6 terms Ayman_Atta Earths oceans and the ocean floorsalinity thermocline continental marginare the amount and types of dissolved salts, and the amount an… Is the water temperature drops with increased depth faster tha… Is the edge of the continent that is covered by the ocean7 terms chilgefort Ocean Floorcontinental shelf continental slope abyssal plain A gently sloping, shallow area of the ocean floor that extends… A steep incline of the ocean floor leading down from the edge… A smooth, nearly flat region of the deep ocean floor.29 terms Kelly_Wagner1Ocean Floor Continental Shelf Continental Shelf Ocean Trench Which ocean floor feature is labeled \"\"F\"\"? A shallow area of sediment near the shore... Which of these are the deepest parts of the oceans?8 terms jessicayoung33Ocean Floorcontinental shelf continental slope continental risebegins at the shoreline, shallow and gets a lot of sunlight, a… found at the edge of the shelf; mud and sand connects the slope to the ocean floor29 terms Elisa_Flynn Ocean Floor Continental Shelf Continental Shelf Ocean Trench Which ocean floor feature is labeled \"\"F\"\"? A shallow area of sediment near the shore... Which of these are the deepest parts of the oceans?48 terms alexlegamaro PLUSChapter 14- THE BENTHOS: LIVING ON THE SEA FLOORepifauna infauna biomass (increases/decreases) with dept…live on surface of ocean floor live within sediment; burrowing organisms decreases; less light, less productivity10 terms tricia_brewer TEACHERThe Ocean Floor Abyssal Plain (Ocean Basin) Continental Slope Continental Shelf Located on either side of the mid-ocean ridge. It is made up o… This steep slope is where the continental shelf drops to the b… The edges of the continents slope down from the shore into the…22 terms blawhorn The Ocean Floor part 2oceanography bathymetry sonarthe scientific study of the oceans and oceanic phenomena which… the measurements of ocean depths and the charting of the shape… electronic depth sounding tool that scientists use to calculat…17 terms David_Corbin2The Ocean Floorsonar continental margin continental shelfelectronic depth sounding tool that scientists use to calculat… the area between the continent and the adjacent ocean basin fl… From the shoreline to the continental slope16 terms marisouza TEACHERThe Ocean Floor Continental margin Continental slope Continental riseregion around the continents that includes: the continental sh… begins where the sea floor slopes toward the deep ocean floor made of sediments that have washed down from the shelf and slo…14 terms Ms_Fernandez5 TEACHERThe Ocean Flooroceanography bathymetry sonarthe scientific study of the oceans and oceanic phenomena such… the measurements of ocean depths to model the topography of th… electronic depth sounding tool that scientists use to calculat…13 terms SLHarlow4The Ocean Floor Features Echo Sounding SONAR Continental Shelfis a type of SONAR used to determine the depth of water by tra… (SOund Navigation And Ranging) uses sound propagation to navig… the flat or gently sloping submerged part of the continent; ex…34 terms rlminnick Chapter 14 The Benthos: Living in the Sea Floor Benthos is very diverse Bipartite lifestyles common Epifauna-95% of deacribed soecies... -more than 200,000 species... -80% epif… Spend part of life cycle as plankton Live on the benthos10 terms earlk1362 TEACHERThe Ocean Floor Abyssal Plain (Ocean Basin) Continental Slope Continental Shelf Located on either side of the mid-ocean ridge. It is made up o… This steep slope is where the continental shelf drops to the b… The edges of the continents slope down from the shore into the…6 terms Ayman_Atta Earths oceans and the ocean floor Thermocline Salinity continental margin Are the water temperature drops with increased depth faster th… Is the amount and type of dissolved salts, and the amount type… is the edge of the continent that is covered by the ocean11 terms Armstrongjewel The Ocean Floor Sonar Continental Slope Continental Shelfsound navigation and ranging the steeply inclined section of the continental margin located… the gently sloping section of the continental margin located b…6 terms connor121103Ocean Floorcontinental shelf continental slope abyssal plain A gently sloping, shallow area of the ocean floor that extends… A steep incline of the ocean floor leading down from the edge… A smooth, nearly flat region of the deep ocean floor.5 terms kamirra Ocean Floorcontinental shelf continental slope continental risegentle sloping, shallow area of the ocean floor that extends o… a steep incline of the ocean floor leading down from the edge… gentle slope that is built up by the shedding of sediments fro…10 terms Abcobb1234 TEACHEROcean Floorcontinental shelf continental slope abyssal plain A gently sloping, shallow area of the ocean floor that extends… A steep incline of the ocean floor leading down from the edge… A smooth, nearly flat region of the deep ocean floor.23 terms mariahuckabee TEACHEROcean Floor Continental Shelf Continental Shelf Ocean Trench Which ocean floor feature is labeled \"\"F\"\"? A shallow area of sediment near the shore... Which of these are the deepest parts of the oceans?13 terms awalker20172018Ocean floor Is the deepest part in the ocean. Continent Continental Shelf Trench One of the main landmass on on earth. Where the fish are laying on the ocean floor.7 terms Tonyarlloyd Ocean Floorcontinental shelf continental slope abyssal plain A gently sloping, shallow area of the ocean floor that extends… A steep incline of the ocean floor leading down from the edge… A smooth, nearly flat region of the deep ocean floor.1 of 20 \""
},
{
"docid": "D3280799#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/98359860/geology-ch-10-oceans-flash-cards/\nGeology ch 10 Oceans",
"text": "40 terms Tisham Geology ch 10 Oceans Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Echo sounder Also known as sonar, sound and navigation Bathometry The measurement of ocean depths and the charting of the shape or topography of the ocean floor. Who developed multibeam soundbar? Navy What percentage of sea floor has been mapped in detail? 5%Mowing the lawn Back and forth motion to map sea floor Radar altimeters Measure subtle differences in ocean floor What are the three major topographic provinces of ocean floor Continental Deep-ocean basins Oceanic (mid-ocean) ridges What are continental margins? Outer margins of continent entail crust changes to oceanic crust Two types of continental margins Passive Active Passive continental margin Geologically inactive regions Found along most coastal areas that surround Atlantic Ocean Not associated with plate boundaries Three parts of continental margins Shelf (1 degree) Slope (average up to 5) Rise (gradual incline that may extend seaward)Continental shelf Gently sloping, submerged surface from shoreline to ward deep ocean basin Coastal plain Equals east side of continent Active continental margins are located in the West coast Active continental margins Continental crust slope descends abruptly into deep ocean trench Associated with convergent plate boundaries Located primarily around Pacific Ocean Deep ocean basins Located between continental margin and oceanic ridge Deep ocean trench ... Briefly explain how an accretionary wedge forms. Sediments from the ocean floor and pieces of oceanic crust are scraped from the descending oceanic plate and plastered against the edge of the overriding plate. Coral reefs grow everywhere t/f False, they only grow on in hot Abyssal plains Without a bottom: flat features of the deep ocean floor Who has most extensive abyssal plains? Atlantic Why are abyssal plains more extensive on the floor of the Atlantic than on the floor of the Pacific?"
},
{
"docid": "D3562165#0",
"title": "http://w3.salemstate.edu/~lhanson/gls100/Earth_F2010/4_Earth_PlateTectonics.html\n.",
"text": "\"Topic 4: Plate Tectonics Chapters: Plate Tectonics: Chapter 2 in Earth, 3 in GEOS version Divergent Boundaries: Origin and evolution of the ocean floor: Chapter 13 in Earth, 6 in GEOSConvergent Boundaries: Chapter 14 in Earth and 5 in GEOSLearning Objectives After reading, studying, and discussing the chapter, students should be able to: Briefly discuss the evidence used by Alfred Wegener to support his theory of continental drift. Explain why continental drift was not accepted by most scientists when the theory was originally proposed. Explain the theory of polar wandering and how it helped to renew interest in the idea of continental drift. Discuss geomagnetic reversals and seafloor spreading, and how each contributed to the development of the theory of plate tectonics in the 1960s. Outline and discuss how the scientific method was employedby geologist in developing the theory of Plate Tectonics. Briefly explain the theory of plate tectonics. Compare and contrast the distribution and geologic characteristics of tectonic plate boundaries, including divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries. Discuss the evidence used to test the plate tectonics model including ocean drilling and hot spots. Briefly explain how plate motions are measured. Discuss mantle convection and the various mechanisms proposed to explain plate motion."
},
{
"docid": "D2268019#0",
"title": "http://gluedideas.com/Encyclopedia-Britannica-Volume-5-Part-2-Cast-Iron-Cole/Temperate-Zones.html\nTemperate Zones",
"text": "\"Temperate Zones TEMPERATE ZONES The designation \"\"temperate\"\" is appropriate for the middle latitudes of the southern hemisphere and of the oceans and western coasts in the northern hemisphere, but not for the con tinental interiors and eastern coasts of Asia and North America, for which Koppen's term \"\"boreal\"\" is better. The temperate zones as a whole are however characterized by the extreme changeableness of their weather, resulting from the frequent passage of barometric depressions. Temperature. The annual range of temperature exceeds the diurnal range in all parts of the temperate zone, but the former varies greatly from one part to another. It is smallest on wind ward islands and coasts and greatest in the interior of the con tinents, but nearer the east coasts than the west. Thus at Ler wick the range is 15° F from 38° F in February to 53° F in August, while at Iakutsk in Siberia it is 112° F from —46° F in January to 66° F in July, and the average difference between two consecutive months at Iakutsk is greater than the change in six months at Lerwick. Even at Vladivostok on the Pacific coast of Siberia the mean annual range is 61°. The southern part of the temperate zone in central Asia has very hot summers; thus Luktchun in 43° N. has a mean July temperature of 90° and a mean daily maximum in that month of 109°. Over much of the oceans of the temperate zones the annual range is less than io°. In the south temperate zone there are no extreme ranges, the maxima, slightly over 3o°, being near the margin of the zone in the interior of South America, Africa and Australia."
},
{
"docid": "D2022659#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/science/mountain-landform\nMountain",
"text": "Mountain, landform that rises prominently above its surroundings, generally exhibiting steep slopes, a relatively confined summit area, and considerable local relief. Mountains generally are understood to be larger than hills, but the term has no standardized geological meaning. Very rarely do mountains occur individually. In most cases, they are found in elongated ranges or chains. When an array of such ranges is linked together, it constitutes a mountain belt. For a list of selected mountains of the world, see below. Mount Sir Donald in the Selkirk Mountains, British Columbia, and a segment of the Trans-Canada Highway. Bob and Ira Spring/Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. A mountain belt is many tens to hundreds of kilometres wide and hundreds to thousands of kilometres long. It stands above the surrounding surface, which may be a coastal plain, as along the western Andes in northern Chile, or a high plateau, as within and along the Plateau of Tibet in southwest China. Mountain ranges or chains extend tens to hundreds of kilometres in length."
},
{
"docid": "D1141586#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/science/continental-margin\nContinental margin",
"text": "Continental margin, the submarine edge of the continental crust distinguished by relatively light and isostatically high-floating material in comparison with the adjacent oceanic crust. It is the name for the collective area that encompasses the continental shelf, continental slope, and continental rise. The characteristics of the various continental margins are shaped by a number of factors. Chief among these are tectonics, fluctuations of sea level, the size of the rivers that empty onto a margin as determined by the amount of sediment they carry, and the energy conditions or strength of the ocean waves and currents along the margin.continental margin The broad, gentle pitch of the continental shelf gives way to the relatively steep continental slope. The more gradual transition to the abyssal plain is a sediment-filled region called the continental rise. The continental shelf, slope, and rise are collectively called the continental margin. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Margin types Continental margins on the leading edges of tectonic plates, like those around the rim of the Pacific Ocean, are usually narrow and have steep continental slopes and either poorly developed continental rises or none at all. The continental slope is often steep and falls away directly into a deep-sea trench. In many cases, the leading-edge margins are backed by mountain ranges. Continental margins on the trailing side of tectonic plates, like those around the Atlantic Ocean, are broad, with gentle continental slopes and well-developed continental rises."
},
{
"docid": "D303956#0",
"title": "http://3dparks.wr.usgs.gov/nyc/common/geologicbasics.htm\n.",
"text": "\"USGS Home Contact USGSSearch USGSGeology of National Parks, 3D and Photographic Tours Overview of Geologic Fundamentals The e-book chapter is a review of fundamental principles of geology. Novice readers might prefer to continue to the field guide section beginning with the Highlands Province. However, discussions below on \"\"rocks and minerals,\"\" \"\"plate tectonics,\"\" the \"\"evolution of life,\"\" and \"\"the stratigraphic record\"\" have a New York City orientation; for the sake of brevity the discussion is both limited and generalized. While a high school or introductory college physical geology textbook would provide more thorough and balanced information, the following is specifically useful for understanding the geology of the New York City metropolitan region. Additional reference sources are included in a reference list. Geology is also the story of processes and products formed on or below the Earth's surface. The Rock Cycle, a model that portrays the origin of the three basic rock types (igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic) and the interrelated nature of Earth materials and processes that transform one rock type into another over time. The diagram also lists the common name of different rocks that can be found in the NYC region. Figure 6. The \"\"rock cycle. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D1407723#0",
"title": "http://www.proprofs.com/flashcards/story.php?title=geol-1403-exam-iv\nGeology Exam",
"text": "\"Geology Exam162 cards | Created by stayawayjoe12 | 7 years ago Flashcards Memorize Quiz Match Gravity Cover Materia L For GEView Flashcards Preview Flashcards Front Back Plates are moving apart from one another ( Trasform, Divergent, or Convergent) Divergent Plates are sliding past one another horizontally ( Trasform, Divergent, or Convergent) Transform (Oblique)This boundary is normally devoid of volcanism ( Trasform, Divergent, or Convergent) Transform (Oblique)Where lithosphere is sinking into the mantle ( Trasform, Divergent, or Convergent) Convergent Characterized by basaltic volcanism and seafloor spreading ( Trasform, Divergent, or Convergent) Divergent Characterized by arcs of stratovolcanoes and deep-ocean trenches ( Trasform, Divergent, or Convergent) Convergent The Mid-Atlantic Ridge ( Trasform, Divergent, or Convergent) Divergent Where subduction zones occur ( Trasform, Divergent, or Convergent) Convergent The San Andreas fault ( Trasform, Divergent, or Convergent) Transform (Oblique)The west coast of South America ( Trasform, Divergent, or Convergent) Convergent The oldest rocks on the seafloor are much younger than the oldest rocks on the continents. ( True or False) True Earth's radius and surface area are slowly increasing to accommodate the new oceanic creust being formed at mid-ocean ridges. ( True or False) False Hawaii is the oldest island of the Hawaiian Island chain. ( True or False) False The oldest rocks of the oceanic crust are found in deep ocean trenches far away from active mid-ocean ridges. ( True or False) True As the South Atlantic basin widens by seafloor spreading, Africa and South America are moving closer together. ( True or False) False In general, rocks of the continental crust are less dense than rocks of the oceanic crust. ( True or False) True During various times in the geologic past, the polarity of Earth's magnetic field has been reversed. ( True or False) True The rate of seafloor spreading is, on the average, about one meter per year. ( True or False) False Wegener's continental drift hypothesis was weakened because a viable mechanism for moving the continents was lacking. ( True or False) True Seafloor spreading rates can be estimated if the geologic ages of the magnetic field reversals are independently known. ("
},
{
"docid": "D618825#0",
"title": "http://www.culpepperconnections.com/archives/va/basin.htm\nThe Culpeper Basin In the northern Piedmont Region of Virginia",
"text": "\"The Culpeper Basin In the northern Piedmont Region of Virginia The Map above highlights the entire Piedmont Region. Culpeper Basin extends from New Jersey down through the Piedmont Region to an area in it south of Culpeper, VA. Triassic-age siltstone deposited in the Culpeper Basin Photo from: William and Mary Department of Geology Web Site The Culpeper Basin is part of the Piedmont Lowlands region that extends from New Jersey to central Virginia. The Basin is one of the structural trough depressions bordering the eastern front of the Appalachian Mountain system. The sediments that formed the red bedrock material existing in the Basin were deposited during the late Triassic to the early Jurassic Periods. These sedimentary rocks are predominantly siltstones, but include shales, sandstones, and conglomerates... Residual alluvial deposits of gravel, cobbles, and occasional boulders composed of quartzite, sandstone, and weathered igneous rocks exist along stream terraces, including many rock types from outside the Basin, transported downstream by the ancient Potomac River from outside the Basin. Source: Extracted from a report entitled, Phase I Archaeological Survey at the Waverley Farms and Squire Tract, Prince William County, Virginia, by Heidy P. Fogel, Ph. D. and John Bedell, M. A., May 1994, Engineering-Science, Inc., Fairfax, Virginia. Ancient Land By William C. Burton Special to the Washington Post Wednesday, April 8, 1998; Page H04 © Copyright 1998, The Washington Post Company The history of Earth is written in our region's rocks. The Grenville Range One billion years ago, parts of India, Antarctica, Australia and North and South America had drifted together to form a supercontinent known as Rodinia."
},
{
"docid": "D1783163#0",
"title": "http://mcclungmuseum.utk.edu/appalachians-tennessee-river-geologic-history/\nAppalachians and Little Tennessee River Geologic History, Occasional Paper No. 23",
"text": "Appalachians and Little Tennessee River Geologic History, Occasional Paper No. 23Occasional Papersby Dr. Robert D. Hatcher, Jr, UT Distinguished Scientist and Professor, Tectonics and Structural Geology, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Science Alliance Center of Excellence The Little Tennessee is a tributary of the modern Tennessee River that has its headwaters in the Blue Ridge of north Georgia and joins the Tennessee in the Valley and Ridge of East Tennessee. This river drains a microcosm of Appalachian geology. The Appalachians extend from the continental margin off Newfoundland some 3,000 km (2,000 mi) southwestward to the subsurface beneath the Coastal Plain of South Alabama and Georgia. The chain was named by the Spanish in the 1500s for a Native American tribe, the Apalachis, who lived far south of the mountains in southern Georgia and northern Florida. The chain reaches its narrowest point in the area immediately west of New York City, and from there widens both to the north and south. This narrowing attribute is not related to lack of exposure because of the Coastal Plain overlap, but is a property of the crust. Click to enlarge Appalachian crust had its beginnings around 750 million years ago (Neoproterozoic time) when a supercontinent called Rodinia that formed ~1 billion years ago began to break up, and the continents of North America and Africa began to separate (Fig. 1). The separation process initially formed a system of rifts similar to today’s East African rift valleys, but the rifting process continued until a small ocean like today’s Red Sea began to develop between North America and Africa."
},
{
"docid": "D2131884#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/8755792/chapter-7-plate-tectonics-flash-cards/\nChapter 7: Plate Tectonics",
"text": "\"281 terms Bob_Grove_Science Chapter 7: Plate Tectonics Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort What do geologists study? Materials the earth is made of, the processes that shape the earth and its inside. Name the three main layers of the earth Crust, Mantle, Core What is the Crust? The thin skin of the earth, made of rocks, soil and water. Its approximately 5 to 40 kilometers thick. What is Basalt? Dense thick rock, that mainly makes up the floors of the oceans. What is Granite? Rock that is not as dense as Basalt, and mainly makes up continental crust ? What is Continental Crust?"
},
{
"docid": "D3318388#0",
"title": "http://www.marbef.org/wiki/Continental_shelf\nContinental shelf",
"text": "Continental shelfnavigation search This article describes the habitat of the continental shelf. It is one of the sub-categories within the section dealing with biodiversity of marine habitats and ecosystems. It gives an overview about the characteristics, processes such as sedimentation and biota. A short section about legal aspects is also added. Contents [ hide ]1 Introduction2 Shelf sedimentation3 Biota4 Legal aspect5 Related articles6 References Introduction The continental shelf is a shallow, near horizontal seafloor extension from the shoreline to the upper continental slope. This shelf forms the shallow margin of each deep-ocean basin. At the ocean side it is terminated by a pronounced change in bottom gradient (degree of slope). This is called the shelf break. The continental shelf is characterized by a very gentle slope less than 1 degree. The average depth is about 150 m and it has an average width of 70 km."
},
{
"docid": "D25878#0",
"title": "https://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/Exams/202EXAMS/platetec.htm\nPlate Tectonics",
"text": "\"The earth's crustal plates move A few meters per yeara few millimeters per 1000 yearsa few centimeters per yeara few millimeters a day The type of fault most often associated with subduction zones:thrustnormalstrike slipoblique Can continents be subducted? Yes, the continent of Atlantis was. No, continental crust is too thick and light What Alfred Wegener used to reassemble the continentsshorelinesancient glacial depositsfossil assemblagesall of the above The type of plate boundary least likely to have volcanoessubduction zoneridge or spreading centertransform fault Reversals of the Earth's magnetic fieldcause sea-floor spreadingproduce \"\"stripe\"\" patterns in the magnetism of ocean-floor rockscause orogeniesare responsible for subduction Hot spotsproduce \"\"tracks\"\" as the plates move over themoccur only under the ocean crustsoccur only under the continentsare the cause of regional metamorphism The best estimate for the real edge of the continental crustthe edge of the continental shelfthe shorelinethe edge of exposed ancient rocksthe crest of the mid-ocean ridge Orogenies occur atmid-ocean ridgesubduction zonestransform faults When a plate that is being subducted gets down to about 700 kilometers,it no longer produces earthquakesit has been largely absorbed into the mantleit has completely melted The fact that the magnetic pole seems to have moved throughout geologic is best explained by:the motions of the continentsthe axis of rotation movesthe magnetic pole moveserrors in data interpretationnone of these The following can not be directly attributed to the interaction of lithospheric plates:formation of the Great Lakesthe Appalachian Mountainsopening of the Red Seanone of thesethe formation of the Himalayan Mts. The oceanic crust:is the same age throughout a given ocean basinranges in age from Paleozoic to Mesozoicbecomes progressively older toward the mid-ocean ridgesbecomes progressively younger toward the mid-ocean ridgesnone of these According to plate tectonics, the San Andreas Fault is:an obduction zonea subduction zonea transform plate boundarynone of thesea divergent plate boundary Orogeny, sea-floor spreading, and continental drift are all related to the action of:magnetismgravityconvection currents in the mantlehot spots We can use paleomagnetic studies to determine:the location of continents in the pastthe location of the magnetic field in the futureancient climatesthe safety of space vehicles Magmas that feed island-arc volcanoes:could not have been derived form the Benioff Zone according to geochemical studiesoccur over very wide zones thousands of kilometers in widthare located where they are as a result of magma generation in the Benioff Zonerise along transform faults Terms describing the processes involved in plate tectonics include:subductionsea-floor spreadingtransform faultingall of the previous Zones were subduction occurs are characteristically marked by:island arcsmountains of volcanic or collision origindeep trenchesany of the previous All of the following are names given to supercontinents that later broke up except: Gondwana Tethys Pangaea Laurasia Rodinia At a mid-ocean ridge, you would expect to find:very ancient rocksvery thick accumulations of sedimentthrust faultsrelatively young rocks Why volcanoes occur near subduction zones:compression heats the rocksthe descending slab begins to melthot rocks is uplifted by mountain-building eventstension opens cracks so material from the core can rise The San Andreas Fault is:a transform faulta subduction zonea rift valleya zone of collision between two continents Using magnetic patterns on the ocean floor, we can reconstruct the past positions of continents:in latitude onlyin their correct relative positionsin longitude onlyonly if they have not rotated The magnetic-pattern method of reconstruction will not work:if the ocean crust bearing the patterns has been subductedbefore the breakup of Pangaeaneither a nor bboth a and b Using paleomagnetic pole determinations, we can reconstruct the past positions of continents:in latitude onlyin their correct relative positionsin longitude onlyonly if the have not rotated Which of these did Alfred Wegener rely on to reconstruct the past configurations of the continents?ancient glacial depositsmagnetic patterns on the sea floorpaleomagnetismcomputer-aided fitting of the continents In reconstructing the fit of the continents, geologists generally use:the shorelines of the presentthe shorelines at the time the continents were togetherthe present edge of the continental shelf The method used above ishighly exact and results in a perfect fitsomewhat approximate and leaves small gaps and overlaps An area where fitting of the continents does not work and where major problems remain to be solved:the fit between Greenland and Europethe fit between Africa and Brazilthe fit between Africa and the eastern U. S.the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Which of the following will allow you to determine the absolute motion of plates?hot spots and their tracksthe age of the sediment directly above any portion of the ocean crustmagnetic reversals in the sea-floor crustmapping sediment thickness in the ocean basinsall of these The formation of the island of Hawaii and the Loihi Seamount are the result of:oceanic-oceanic plate boundarieshot spotsdivergent plate boundariestransform boundariesoceanic-continental plate boundaries Back-arc basins are associated with _____ plate boundaries.divergentconvergenttransform The San Andreas fault is an example of a (n) _____ boundaries.divergentoceanic-continentalconvergentcontinental-continentaltransform Magnetic surveys of the ocean basins indicate that:the oceanic crust is oldest adjacent to spreading ridgesthe oceanic crust is youngest adjacent to the continentsthe oceanic crust is youngest adjacent to spreading ridgesthe oceanic crust is the same age in all ocean basinsanswers (a) and (b)Plates:are the same thickness everywherevary in thicknessinclude the crust and upper mantleanswers (a) and (c)answers (b) and (c)Divergent boundaries are the areas where:new continental lithosphere is formingnew oceanic lithosphere is formingtwo plates come togethertwo plates slide past each otheranswers (b) and (d)Continental crust an overall composition corresponding closely to that of:basaltiron-nickel alloysandstonegabbrogranodiorite Oceanic crust is:20 to 90 km thickthinnest at spreading ridgesgranitic in compositionless dense than continental crustthe primary source of magma Alfred Wegener was not a geologist but a:physicistzoologistbotanistmeteorologistchemist Along what type of plate boundary does subduction occur?divergenttransformconvergent The west coast of South America is an example of a (n) _____ plate boundary.divergentoceanic-continentalcontinental-continentaltransformoceanic-oceanic The man who is credited with developing the continental drift hypothesis is: Wilson Wegener Hessdu Toit Vine The southern part of Pangaea, consisting of South America, Africa, India, Australia, and Antarctica, is called: Gondwana Laurentia Laurasia Pacific Atlantis Which of the following has been used as evidence for continental drift?continental fitpaleomagnetismfossil plants and animalsall of these The driving mechanism of plate movement is believed to be:isostasyrotation of the earthmagnetismtidal effectsthermal convection Which of the following statements is correct? Most of the continental margins around the Atlantic are passive Oceanic ridges are composed largely of deformed sedimentary rocks. The deposits of turbidity currents consist of calcareous ooze Most of the Earth's intermediate and deep earthquakes occur at or near oceanic ridges. Oceanic crust is thicker than continental crust. Massive sulfide deposits form:on passive continental marginsas accumulations of microscopic shells on the sea floorby precipitation of minerals near hydrothermal ventsfrom sediments derived from continentsin oceanic trenches Which of the following is not characteristic of an active continental margin?volcanismvolcanic arcearthquakeswide continental shelfoceanic trench Sediments deposited in an oceanic trench and then deformed and scraped off against the landward side of the trench during an orogeny form a (n):divergent margin complexaccretionary wedgeback-arc basic faciesisland arc systemorogenic continental margin complex An excellent example of a present-day mountain system forming as a result of a continent-continent collision is the: Andes Alps Rocky Mountains Appalachians Himalayas In mountain systems that form at continental margins:the Earth's crust is thicker than averagemost deformation is caused by tensional stresseslittle or no volcanic activity occursstretching and thinning of the continental crust occurmost deformation results from rifting In which of the following is an orogeny currently taking place?east coast of North Americacentral Africawest coast of South Americawestern Europethe Appalachians Mid-oceanic ridges are examples of what type of boundary?divergentsubductionconvergenthot spottransform The San Andreas fault separating the Pacific plate from the North American plate is an example of what type of boundary?divergentsubductionconvergenttransform A plate is composed of the:core and lower mantlelower mantle and asthenosphereasthenosphere and upper mantleupper mantle and crustcontinental and oceanic crust The actual process that makes plates move is probablyridge pushmantle flow driven by convectionslab pull at subduction zonesall of these A descending oceanic plate starts to melt at depths of about:10 km1000 km100 km2000 km500 km \""
},
{
"docid": "D83316#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/16185382/geology-101-exam-3-flash-cards/\nGeology 101 Exam 3",
"text": "\"224 terms jake_landon2Geology 101 Exam 3Glaciers, Deserts & Wind, Oceans & Shorelines Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Glacial ice covers _ square miles of Earth's surface today 5 million About _ % of the total of glacial ice is found on the continent of Antarctica 90The second largest ice mass on Earth Greenland ice sheet Examples of Continental Glaciers Antarctica and Greenland Ice sheets___ Glaciers form when alpine glaciers emerge from mountain valleys and spread out beyond the base of the mountain. Piedmont Snow line The elevation above which snow can accumulate and be preserved from year to year. The line separating areas where snow, deposited during the winter, disappears during the summer from those areas where the snow remains throughout the year. Alpine or Valley Glacier form on mountain summits and flow downslope, following former stream valleys. Melting or sublimation The conversion of a solid to gas without becoming liquid. Transformation of snow into glacial ice begins with this process. Process of formation qualifies glacial ice as a ___ rock. Metamorphic The rate at which snow is transformed into glacial ice depends on: climate and snow accumulated Movement of glacial ice is dependent on: (1) The thickness of the ice, (2) the temperature of the ice, and (3) the slope of both the bedrock and the surface of the ice mass."
},
{
"docid": "D1776793#0",
"title": "http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/?base=2889\nGeoheritage",
"text": "\"Continental drift The Earth's major plates (Image courtesy of US Geological Survey)When viewed from the perspective of geological time, the Earth is a very dynamic place. Over the course of millions of years, the face of the Earth has changed as continents move and mountain ranges are formed and eroded. The Earth’s surface does not consist of a motionless crust but rather of large crustal plates which move and jostle against each other. There are seven large plates and many smaller plates (100 to 150 km thick) that drift around the Earth’s surface, highlighted in the diagram. The continents move as a consequence of volcanic processes in oceanic areas known as mid oceanic ridges where basalt oozes out onto the sea floor, forcing adjacent plates apart. As the oceanic crust moves away from the ridge it cools, becoming denser and may eventually sink back into the mantle at a subduction zone, pulling the plate along with it. A further mechanism driving the movement of the Earth’s plates are large convection currents within the Earth’s mantle. What evidence is there for continental drift? As early as 1596, the Dutch map maker Abraham Ortelius suggested that the Americas, Eurasia and Africa were once joined and have since drifted apart \"\"by earthquakes and floods\"\" His \"\"evidence\"\" was the jigsaw fit of the continents. This fit is especially close when the continental shelves of the continents are considered."
}
] |
8300 | which organism is a member of zygospore-forming fungi | [
{
"docid": "D247563#0",
"title": "http://www.csus.edu/indiv/r/reihmanm/kingdom_fungi.htm\nKINGDOM FUNGI",
"text": "BIO 5 GENERAL BIOLOGYKINGDOM FUNGI1. Kingdom Fungi includes mushrooms, molds, edible fungi, poisonous fungi, pathogenic fungi, and beneficial fungi such as certain types of yeast. Those organism included within the Kingdom are commonly called fungi. The singularly form is fungus. Organisms in the Kingdom fungi are eukaryotes. This means that the have eukaryotic cells, those with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Like plant cells, the cells of fungi have cell walls. However, the cell walls are composed of chitin, not cellulose.2. Fungi are unlike algae in that they are heterotrophic. This means that they rely on food from their environment to obtain energy."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1487033#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/5537127/bacteria-and-fungi-flash-cards/\nBacteria and Fungi",
"text": "61 terms anniedoodle Bacteria and Fungi Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Reproductive structure in ascomycetes ascus (contains spores)the eight cells produced in ascomycetes after mitosis ascosporesreproductive structure in basidomycetes basidium (resembles a club)what forms at the end of basidium basidiosporesymbiotic relationship between fungus and photosynthetic organism lichensymbiotic relationship between fungus and plant roots mycorrhizahyphae tiny filaments that make up multicellular funguschitin complex carbohydrate found in cell walls of fungimycelium thick mass of hyphaesporangium structure in which spores are producedsporangiophore specialized hyphae that ends in a sporangiumgametangium gamete-forming structurerhizoid rootlike hyphae that penetrates food surfacesstolon stemlike hyphae that runs along food surfaceszygospore contains xygotes formed during the sexual phase of the mold's life cycleconidia tiny spores formed at the tips of specialized hyphaespores are involved in...... asexual reproductionlife cycle of this fungi includes zygospore zygomycetesfungi in this phylum do not have sexual phases during their life cycle Deuteromycetes3 ways spores are distributed they are carried in the wind, they are produced in large numbers, certain animals are capable of spreading them. What are three ways we use fungus commercially? food, antibiotics, and genetic engineeringtwo fungi diseases that occur in humans ringworm and thrushwhat are two fungi diseases that occur in plants Rusts and Smuts (Dutch Elm Disease)what are symptoms of malaria fever, chills, headaches,and sweatswhat protist causes malaria plasmodiumwhat phylum is plasmodium in Apicomplexain a lichen relationship ho do the two organisms help each other the algae provides the fungus w/oxygen through photosynthesis and the fungus provide the algae with water and mineralsin a mycorrhiza relationship how do the two organisms help each other the hyphae in the fungi help the plant roots to absorb water and the plants supply the fungi with the products of photosynthesisparasites feed on a... host cellhow do fungi eat because they are heterotrophic they digest food outside their bodies and then absorb it through their cell membranes. Protista means the very firstone way to classify protists how they obtain nutritionprotists that are heterotrophs are called animalike protistsprotists that produce their own food are called plantlike protistsfunguslike protists obtain their food by... external digestion What are the 4 phylas of protists zooflagellates, sarcodines, ciliates, and sporozoansuse flagella to move zooflagellatesare parasitic and do not move Sporozoansprocess 2 nuclei: a macronucleus and a micronucleus Sarcodinesuse pseudopods for feeding and movement Sarcodinesuse short hair-like projections for movement Ciliateswhat is conjugation? It is a form of sexual reproduction in which paramecia and some prokaryotes exchange genetic material, (it is used when paramecia are under stress)what is an example of an animalike protist benefiting an animal a trichonympha lives in a termite and breaks down the food it eats. Example of a Sarcodine Amoeba Example of a Ciliates Parameciumwhat is the purpose of the chlorophyll/accessory pigments in algae the chlorophyll allow the algae to harvest and the pigments allow the plant to reflect different colors of light3 distinguishing features of euglenophytes 2 flagella,no cell wall, and an eyespothow do dinoflagellates obtain nutrition some are photosynthetic and others are heterotrophswhat are the three types of plantlike protists Dinoflagellates, Chrysophytes, and Diatoms Dinoflagellate color luminescent Chrysophytes gold colored chloroplasts Diatoms thin delicate walls, rich in siliconwhy are phytoplankton important 1/2 the photosynthesis on earth and make divers aquatic life possible.how do funguslike protists obtain nutrients through their cell membraneswhat do funguslike protists have that fungus does not centrioleswhat thrives on dead/decaying matter oomyceteswhat are two types of molds slime/water moldswhich molds help recycle organic material bothwhich molds live as parasites on land slime moldswhich molds can be classified as cellular or acellular slime moldswhich molds may resemble amoebas or moldlike clumps during different stages of life water molds"
},
{
"docid": "D248249#0",
"title": "https://wikispaces.psu.edu/display/bio110/Fungi+I+-+Evolution+and+Diversity%2C+Phyla+Chytridiomycota+and+Zygomycota\nIntroduction and Goals",
"text": "\"Introduction and Goals This tutorial will cover the vast and variable Kingdom Fungi, and its impact on the environment. Fungi (fungus, sing. ), like bacteria, are most commonly decomposers, assisting in the essential task of recycling nutrients in ecosystems (Fig. 1). The majority of all plant species depend on symbiotic fungi for enhanced water and nutrient absorption. Other species have been exploited by humans for centuries for the production of bread, beer, wine, cheese, and edible fruiting bodies (mushrooms). Antibiotic-producing fungi (e.g., Pennicillium chysogenum) have changed the face of modern medicine, saving millions of lives. Conversely, other species cause economically important and often devastating diseases to plants and animals (humans included). Fungal-induced plant disease epidemics have had dramatic historical influences, resulting in starvation, war, and human migration. Fungi are also responsible for the rots that damage timber, agricultural products, and human-made structures."
},
{
"docid": "D276338#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karyogamy\nKaryogamy",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Karyogamy in the context of cell fusion. 1-haploid cells, 2-cell fusion, 3-single cell with two pronuclei, 4-fusing pronuclei (karyogamy), 5-diploid cell Karyogamy is the final step in the process of fusing together two haploid eukaryotic cells, and refers specifically to the fusion of the two nuclei. Before karyogamy, each haploid cell has one complete copy of the organism's genome. In order for karyogamy to occur, the cell membrane and cytoplasm of each cell must fuse with the other in a process known as plasmogamy. Once within the joined cell membrane, the nuclei are referred to as pronuclei. Once the cell membranes, cytoplasm, and pronuclei fuse together, the resulting single cell is diploid, containing two copies of the genome. This diploid cell, called a zygote or zygospore can then enter meiosis (a process of chromosome duplication, recombination, and division, to produce four new haploid cells), or continue to divide by mitosis. Mammalian fertilization uses a comparable process to combine haploid sperm and egg cells ( gametes) to create a diploid fertilized egg. The term karyogamy comes from the Greek karyo- (from κάρυον karyon) meaning \"\"nut\"\" and γάμος gamos, meaning \"\"marriage\"\". [ 1]Contents [ hide ]1 Importance in haploid organisms2 Role in sexual reproduction3 Cellular mechanisms3.1 Pronuclear migration3.2 Pronuclear fusion (karyogamy)4 Role in somatic diploids5 Similarities to and differences from mammalian fertilization6 See also7 References Importance in haploid organisms [ edit]Step labeled number 4 indicates karyogamy's place in the context of the life cycle of the fungus Taphrina."
},
{
"docid": "D258506#0",
"title": "http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072421975/student_view0/chapter28/multiple_choice_quiz.html\n.",
"text": "\"Multiple Choice Quiz (See related pages)1 Viruses have a cellular organization. A) True B) False2 Viruses range in size from _________. A) under 2 nm B) under 200 nm C) 200-500 nm D) 500-900 nm E) bacterial to eukaryotic cells3 Viruses are composed of two parts. A) True B) False4 Viruses __________ . A) have a protein core and nucleic acid coat B) have a protein coat and nucleic acid core C) have a cell nucleus inside a bacterial shell D) have a nucleic acid very different from their host cell E) lack enzymes necessary for nucleic acid replication5 Viruses are classified by ____________. A) viral size and shape B) type of nucleic acid, including to whether the nucleic acid is single- or double-stranded C) presence or absence of an outer envelope D) all of the above E) none of the above since viruses are not living organisms and therefore cannot be classified6 Viruses cause infections in bacteria and animals but not in plants. A) True B) False7 A virus takes over the ____________ of the host cell when it reproduces. A) mitochondria B) nucleus C) metabolic machinery D) respiratory pathway E) osmotic functions8 ______ are viruses that reproduce inside bacteria. A) Adenoviruses B) Retroviruses C) Oncoviruses D) Bacteriophages E) HIV9 The lytic cycle of bacteriophages has four stages. A) True B) False10 In the lytic cycle, _____________ on the capsid combine with a receptor on a bacterial cell wall to fit together as a key fits a lock."
},
{
"docid": "D1518368#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycelium\nMycelium",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Fungal mycelium Microscopic view of a mycelium. This image covers a one-millimeter square. Another microscopic view of a mycelium. Numbered ticks are 230 µm apart. Oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus) growing on coffee grounds Mycelium as seen under a log Mycelium is the vegetative part of a fungus or fungus-like bacterial colony, consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae. The mass of hyphae is sometimes called shiro, especially within the fairy ring fungi. Fungal colonies composed of mycelium are found in and on soil and many other substrates. A typical single spore germinates into a homokaryotic mycelium, which cannot reproduce sexually; when two compatible homokaryotic mycelia join and form a dikaryotic mycelium, that mycelium may form fruiting bodies such as mushrooms. A mycelium may be minute, forming a colony that is too small to see, or it may be extensive: Is this the largest organism in the world? This 2,400-acre [970-hectare] site in eastern Oregon had a contiguous growth of mycelium before logging roads cut through it."
},
{
"docid": "D1976022#0",
"title": "http://www2.clarku.edu/faculty/dhibbett/tftol/content/1introprogress.html\n.",
"text": "\"Introduction to fungi.doc Mushrooms, Molds and Much More: an introduction to fungal biology Most people know that fungi include mold and mushrooms, but are there other groups that we don't think about immediately? Yes, and they can be strange and interesting. Look at the diagram below: Ascomycota Basidiomycota Zygomycota Chytridiomycota The phylogram above shows the main groups of fungi and can be interpreted simply: Basidiomycota and Ascomycota are more closely related to one another than either is to Zygomycota or Chytridiomycota. Or you could say that all of the Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes share a common ancester that is not shared with the other groups. The branches leading to Zygomycota and Chytridiomycota are dashed to show that there is more than one lineage in these groups. The relationships within these two groups is not well understood. You can explore phylograms in more depth in the classification section. At the Tree of Life Web Project you can explore many branches of fungal phylogeny in more depth. Note than this is a work in progress, however. Scientists continue to get new data and revise and refine their hypotheses."
},
{
"docid": "D1829999#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygospore\nZygospore",
"text": "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search A zygospore is a diploid reproductive stage in the life cycle of many fungi and protists. Zygospores are created by the nuclear fusion of haploid cells. In fungi, zygospores are formed in zygosporangia after the fusion of specialized budding structures, from mycelia of the same (in homothallic fungi) or different mating types (in heterothallic fungi), and may be chlamydospores. [ 1] In many eukaryotic algae, including many species of the Chlorophyta, zygospores are formed by the fusion of unicellular gametes of different mating types. A zygospore remains dormant while it waits for environmental cues, such as light, moisture, heat, or chemicals secreted by plants. When the environment is favorable, the zygospore germinates, meiosis occurs, and haploid vegetative cells are released. In fungi, a sporangium is produced at the end of a sporangiophore that sheds spores. A fungus that forms zygospores is called a zygomycete, indicating that the class is characterized by this evolutionary development. References [ edit]^ David Moore; Geoffrey D. Robson; Anthony P. J. Trinci (14 July 2011). 21st Century Guidebook to Fungi with CD."
},
{
"docid": "D29868#0",
"title": "http://www.biologyreference.com/Fo-Gr/Fungi.html\nFungi",
"text": "\"Fungi Follow City-Data.com founder on our Forum or @Lech Mazur Photo by: Dmitry Knorre Fungi are eukaryotic organisms distinct from plants and animals and members of several other smaller kingdoms. Common fungi include mushrooms, conks, corals, jellies, puffballs, stinkhorns, morels, cups, truffles, lichens, yeasts, rusts, smuts, bread molds, mildews, and molds on bathroom tiles. In 1959, R. H. Whittaker introduced a five-kingdom taxonomy that granted fungi equal status with plants and animals. The five-kingdom system has been supplanted by a multiple-kingdom classification, and species traditionally treated as fungi are now distributed across several kingdoms. Those believed to form a monophyletic lineage are assigned to kingdom Eumycota (often called kingdom Fungi). Mycology, the science devoted to fungi, still covers all traditional fungi. Characteristics of Fungi The Eumycota consist of eukaryotic, nonchlorophyllous heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from dead or living organic matter, have cell walls composed of chitin , and store excess energy as glycogen . The kingdom contains four phyla: Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota. All true fungi have a definite cell wall throughout all developmental stages. Fungal cell walls are composed of chitin, the compound also found in arthropod exoskeletons (for example, lobster shells)."
},
{
"docid": "D3312983#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/22665721/biology-1-ch-21-fungi-flash-cards/\nBiology 1 - Ch 21 - Fungi",
"text": "\"90 terms Nodawg Biology 1 - Ch 21 - Fungi Biology 1 Prentice Hall - Chapter 21 - Fungi Guided Reading and Vocabulary Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort What is true about fungi? - They are heterotrophs - They have cell walls - They are eukaryotic The cell walls of fungi are made of a complex carbohydrate calld _____. chitin How do fungi digest their food? outside of their bodies and then absorb it TRUE or FALSE? Some fungi are parasites. TRUEWhich group of fungi are not multicellular? yeasts What are hyphae? thin filliments that make up multicellular fungi How thick is each hyphae? one cell thick In some fungi, what divides the hyphae into cells containing one or two nuclei? cross walls What is a mycelium?"
},
{
"docid": "D1406270#0",
"title": "http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/microorganisms/fungi/section3.rhtml\nZygomycota: The Conjugation Fungi",
"text": "Zygomycota: The Conjugation Fungi<< Prev Section Next Section >>The Zygomycota, or conjugation fungi, include molds, such as those that invade breads and other food products. The identifying characteristics of the Zygomycota are the formation of a zygospore during sexual reproduction and the lack of hyphal cell walls except in reproductive structures. Many (~100 species) are known plant root symbionts. Structure The mycelia of Zygomycota are divided into three types of hyphae. The rhizoids reach below the surface and function in food absorbtion. Above the surface, sporangiophores bear the spore-producing sporangia. Groups of rhizoids and sporangiophores are connected above the surface by stolons. Cell walls separating individual cells are absent in all but reproductive structures, allowing cytoplasm and even nuclei to move between cells. Figure %: Structure of the Zygomycota Reproduction Like all fungi, Basidiomycota can undergo both asexual and sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction in Zygomycota is similar to that in other types of fungi, while sexual reproduction bears some similarity to that in Ascomycota."
},
{
"docid": "D1699401#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/96593113/unit-11-bacteria-and-protists-flash-cards/\nUnit 11- Bacteria and Protists",
"text": "\"41 terms Danielmora_95Unit 11- Bacteria and Protists Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Classification Used in Unit 11 P. S. Species in this section are all CAPS Domain Archaea (prokaryotic organisms) Domain Bacteria (prokaryotic organisms) *Proteobacteria (mostly gram- bacteria) (ESCHERICHIA) *Gram+ Bacteria (BACILLUS) *Spirochetes (SPIRILLUM) *Cyanobacteria, or the autotrophic \"\"blue-green\"\" bacteria (ANABAENA) Domain Eukarya *Kingdom Protista **Phylum Dinoflagellata (CERATIUM) **Phylum Bacillariophyta (diatoms) **Phylum Chlorophyta (green algae: VOLVOX, SPIROGYRA) **Phylum Phaeophyta (the Kelps or seaweeds, brown algae) **Phylum Euglenophyta (the euglenoids, EUGLENA) **Phylum Rhizopoda (the amebas, AMOEBA) **Phylum Kinetoplatida (the trypanosomes, TRYPANOSOMA) **Phylum Ciliata (the ciliates, PARAMECIUM)Archaea Are one of the 3 domains of life. They are prokaryotes and many are what we call extremophiles. Extremophiles An organism that lives in environmental conditions so extreme that few other species can survive there. Extremophiles include extreme halophiles (\"\"salt lovers\"\") and extreme thermophiles (\"\"heat lovers\"\"). Extreme Halophile An organism that lives in a highly saline environment, such as the Great Salt Lake or the Dead Sea. Extreme Thermophile An organism that thrives in hot environments (often 60-80°C or hotter). Bacteria (Eubacteria) One of the 3 domains of life. They are prokaryotes. Bacterial Cell Shape (a) Cocci (singular, coccus) are spherical prokaryotes. They occur singly, in pairs (diplococci), in chains of many cells (streptococci), and in clusters resembling bunches of grapes (staphylococci). ("
},
{
"docid": "D930198#0",
"title": "http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/wong/Bot201/Symbiosis/Symbiosis.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Symbiosis: Mycorrhizae and Lichens Introduction In its most common usage, symbiosis is used to describe the intimate association between two distantly, related species that are mutually benefiting from this association. These associations are obligatory ones in which neither organisms can survive in nature if the two organisms are separated. However, in the strict sense of this term, as it was proposed by de Barry in 1879, symbiotic relationships include a wide range of associations: Phoresy: A loose association where a usually, smaller organism is using a larger one as a transport host. Normally used in references to arthropods and fishes. An example of the latter is the remora (Fig. 1). Fig. 1: The remora is a one of several species of marine fishes that have sucking disks with which they attach themselves to sharks, whales, sea turtles, or the hulls of ships. Commensalism: An association in which one species, usually the smaller, benefits from the association while the other species seems to be unaffected. Such relationship are usually not obligate and neither species will die if the association does not form."
},
{
"docid": "D1877088#0",
"title": "http://www.tulane.edu/~bfleury/diversity/labguide/fungi\n.",
"text": "\"Lab 7 - Kingdom Fungi Introduction to Fungi Our lab today focuses on two very unusual groups of organisms, the fungi and the slime molds. Fungi were originally grouped together with algae (as \"\"thallophytes\"\"), partly because most fungi are composed of long slender threads that superficially resemble certain types of algae. Many mycologists thought that fungi were descended from algae or primitive plants that had lost their ability to photosynthesize. The most recent molecular studies, however, reveal that fungi are actually more closely related to animals than to plants. By now it should be coming apparent that our classification of organisms is often tentative and arbitrary, a best guess based on current information. As a taxonomic souvenir of our earlier hypothesis, fungi are grouped into divisions, a taxonomic term used for plants (the equivalent term for animals is phylum). Many other common botanical terms are used to describe analogous structures in fungi. These superficial similarities may be the result of convergent evolution between fungi and algae. There are over 100,000 known species of fungi, but the differences between species are not always readily apparent. Subtle differences in biochemistry set many fungal species apart."
},
{
"docid": "D1695534#0",
"title": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123739445003473\nFungi: Plant Pathogenic",
"text": "Encyclopedia of Microbiology (Third Edition)2009, Pages 457–477Fungi: Plant Pathogenic A. B. Gould Show morehttps://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012373944-5.00347-3 Get rights and content The ‘fungi’ encompass microorganisms that fill a similar ecological niche and yet are distributed among several taxonomic groups. Those fungi found consistently in association with a particular plant disease are called pathogens. Fungal diseases affect the food supply, and as such have a direct impact on human civilization. Fungal pathogens derive nutrition from plants as facultative saprophytes, facultative parasites, or biotrophs, and in the process cause symptoms of disease, which broadly include abnormal growth, abscission, host tissue replacement, necrosis, and wilt. Pathogens are classified as fungus-like (Plasmodiophoromycota and the stramenopiles) and as true fungi (Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota). Each fungal group differs in hyphal morphology, survival, dispersal, and reproductive strategy. Diagnosis of diseases caused by these organisms is critical for appropriate management. Author Keywords Ascomycota; Basidiomycota; Chytridiomycota; Eumycota; fungus; Oomycota; pathogen;plant disease; Plasmodiophoromycota; Stramenopila; symptoms; Zygomycota Keywords ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; LSD, lysergic acid diethylamide; PARP, pimaricin + ampicillin + rifampicin + pentachloronitrobenzene; RAPD, random amplified polymorphic DNA; RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism Defining Statement An overview of the phyla of plant pathogenic fungi is presented, summarizing hyphal characteristics, reproduction, dispersal, and survival mechanisms, symptoms, fungal diagnostics and control, and definition of commonly used terms. For each pathogen group, examples of common plant pathogenic fungi and the diseases they cause are provided. Introduction The ‘fungi’ encompass microorganisms that fill a similar ecological niche and yet are distributed among several taxonomic groups, broadly classified as true fungi and pseudo-fungi (fungus-like)."
},
{
"docid": "D2630127#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/78585505/fungi-flash-cards/\nFungi",
"text": "\"102 terms stargazer1012Fungi Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Characteristics of Fungi MOST are multicellular. Heterotrophic decomposers, parasites, or mutualists that get nutrients from almost anything by extracellular digestion. Have filamentous bodies (hyphae). Cell Wall Type Cell walls of chitin which is more resistant to decomposition by bacteria. Fungi Classification Classified by how they reproduce and produce spores. Hyphae Slender filaments composing the body of the fungus. Each filament is made up of many cells. Mycelium Tangled mass of underground hyphae Producing high surface area to volume ratio to absorb food from the environment."
},
{
"docid": "D2485695#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/10531090/biology-fungi-flash-cards/\nbiology-FUNGI",
"text": "34 terms bellanna8biology-FUNGILearn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortwhat are hyphae? microscopic branching filaments filled with cytoplasm and nucleidescribe the inside of a hyphae there are many nuclei scattered throughout cytoplasm. The walls are made of chitonwhat surrounds the hyphae and what compound is it made of? cell wall and chitonwhat are hyphal cross walls called? are they always present? septa; nocoenocytic fungi w/o cross wallsseptate fungii fungi w/ cross wallswhy are fungi nott claassified with plannts? because they cannot make their own food like plantswhhy are fuungi classsifieed as hheterotrophhs like animals? b/c they are absorbative,, they digest food after they eat itwhhy are fungi considered as saprobes because they feed on dead or decaying organic matterhow does an absorptive heterotroph feed they digest food after they eat it and then absorb; they feed on dead or decaying organic matter/ digest externally then they absorb nutrientswhat is the scientific name for a common mold that grows on bread Zygomycotea mass of hyphae that grows into bread to digest it is called what?"
},
{
"docid": "D3305774#0",
"title": "https://www.coursehero.com/file/p4v4ak2/The-primary-role-of-the-mushrooms-subterranean-underground-mycelium-is-a/\nBread covered with a black fungus is most likely",
"text": "Bread covered with a black fungus is most likely SCHOOLLSUCOURSE TITLEBIO 1002TYPENotes UPLOADED BYvirginiastew95PAGES 19 RATINGS100 % ( 1)This preview shows pages 2–5. Sign up to view the full content. View Full Document10. Bread covered with a black fungus is most likely growing whatkind of organism?a. Lichenb. Sac fungusc. Club fungusd. Chytride. Zygote fungus--Bread Mold is an example of zygote fungi11. If there were no mycorrhizae, which of the following would betrue?--Mycorrhizae=plant roots and fungi This preview has intentionally blurred sections."
},
{
"docid": "D2194748#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/5374730/biology-classification-flash-cards/\nBiology Classification",
"text": "158 terms dancestardogluver Biology Classification Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort PHYLUM ZYGOMYCOTA Domain Eukarya; Kingdom Fungi; (common molds) Cell walls of chitin; hyphae generally lack cross walls; sexual reproduction by conjugation produces diploid zygospores; asexual reproduction produces haploid spores; most parasites; some decomposers. Example: Rhizopus stolonifer (black bread mold). Kingdom Fungi Domain Eukarya; Eukaryotic; heterotrophic; unicellular or multicellular; cell walls typically contain chitin; mostly decomposers; some parasites; some commensal or mutualistic symbionts; asexual reproduction by spore formation, budding, or fragmentation; sexual reproduction involving mating types; classified according to structure and method of reproduction. PHYLUM ASCOMYCOTA Domain Eukarya; Kingdom Fungi; (sac fungi) Cell walls of chitin; hyphae have perforated cross walls; most multicellular; yeasts unicellular; sexual reproduction produces ascospores; asexual reproduction by spore formation or budding; some cause plant diseases such as chestnut blight and Dutch elm disease. Examples: Neurospora (red bread mold), baker's yeast, morels, truffles. PHYLUM BASIDIOMYCOTA Domain Eukarya; Kingdom Fungi; (club fungi) Cell walls of chitin; hyphae have cross walls; sexual reproduction involves basidiospores, which are borne on club-shaped basidia; asexual reproduction by spore formation. Examples: mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi, rusts. PHYLUM DEUTEROMYCOTA Domain Eukarya; Kingdom Fungi; (imperfect fungi) Cell walls of chitin; sexual phase of life cycle never observed; members resemble ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, or zygomycetes."
},
{
"docid": "D3307140#0",
"title": "http://www.biologyjunction.com/fungi_notes_b1.htm\nfungi notes b1",
"text": "fungi notes b1Fungi All Materials © Cmassengale Characteristics Eukaryotic Do not contain chlorophyll Nonphotosynthetic Absorptive heterotrophs – digest food first & then absorb it into their bodies Release digestive enzymes to break down organic material or their host Store food energy as glycogen Most are saprobes – live on other dead organisms Important decomposers & recyclers of nutrients in the environment Most are multicellular, but some unicellular like yeast Some are internal or external parasites; a few are predators that capture prey Nonmotile Lack true roots, stems, & leaves Cell walls are made of chitin (a complex polysaccharide)Grow as microscopic tubes or filaments called hyphae that contain cytoplasm & nuclei Hyphal networks are called mycelium Some are edible Reproduce by sexual & asexual spores Antibiotic penicillin comes from Penicillium mold Classified by their sexual reproductive structures Grow best in warm, moist environments preferring shade Mycology – study of fungi Fungicide – chemicals used to kill fungi Includes yeasts, molds, mushrooms, ringworm, puffballs, rusts, smuts, etc. Fungi may have evolved from prokaryotes by endosymbiosis Vegetative (nonreproductive) Structures of Fungi Body of a fungus made of tiny filaments or tubes called hyphae Hyphae contain cytoplasm & nuclei and has a cell wall of chitin HYPHAEEach hyphae is one continuous cell Hyphae continually grow & branch Septum (septa-plural) are cross walls with pores to allow the movement of cytoplasm in hyphae Hyphae with septa are called septate hyphae Hyphae without septa are called coenocytic hyphae Tangled mats of hyphae are known as mycelium All hyphae within a mycelium share the same cytoplasm so materials move quickly Hyphae grow rapidly from the tips by cell division Stolon is a horizontal hyphae that connects groups of hyphae to each other Rhizoids are rootlike parts of hyphae that anchor the fungus Reproductive Structures Most fungi reproduce asexually & sexually Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical organisms & is the most common method used Sexual reproduction in fungi occurs when nutrients or water are scarce Fruiting bodies are modified hyphae that make asexual spores Fruiting bodies consist of an upright stalk or sporangiophore with a sac containing spores called the sporangium SPORANGIOPHORESTypes of fruiting bodies include basidia, sporangia, & ascus Spores – haploid cells with dehydrated cytoplasm & a protective coat capable of developing into new individuals Wind, animals, water, & insects spread spores When spore lands on moist surface, new hyphae form Asexual Reproduction in Fungi Fungi reproduce asexually when environmental conditions are favorable Some unicellular fungi reproduce by mitosis Yeast cells reproduce by budding where a part of the cell pinches off to produce more yeast cells Athlete’s foot fungus reproduce by fragmentation from a small piece of mycelium Most fungi reproduce asexually by spores Penicillium mold produces spores called conidia without a protective sac on the top of a stalk called the conidiophore Sexual Reproduction in Fungi Fungi reproduce sexually when environmental conditions are unfavorable No male or female fungi Two mating types — plus (+) and minus (-)Fertilization occurs when (+) hyphae fuse with (-) hyphae to form a 2N or diploid zygote Some fungi show dimorphism (ability to change their form in response to their environmental conditions)Classification of Fungi Fungi are classified by their reproductive structures The 4 phyla of fungi are Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, & Deuteromycota Zygomycota Called sporangium fungi or common molds Includes molds & blights such as Rhizopus stolonifer (bread mold)No septa in hyphae ( coenocytic)Asexual reproductive structure called sporangium & produces sporangiospores Rhizoids anchor the mold, release digestive enzymes, & absorb food Asexual reproductive structure called sporangium & produces sporangiospores Sexual spore produced by conjugation when (+) hyphae & (-) fuse is called zygospore Zygospores can endure harsh environments until conditions improve & new sporangium Basidiomycota Called club fungi Includes mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, bracket fungi, shelf fungi, stinkhorns, rusts, & smuts Some are used as food (mushroom) & others cause crop damage (rusts & smuts)Seldom reproduce asexually Basdiocarp made up of stalk called the stipe & a flattened cap Stipe may have a skirt like ring below cap called the annulus Gills are found on the underside of the cap & are lined with basidia Basidium – sexual reproductive structure that make basidiospores Basidiospores are released from the gills & germinate to form new hyphae & mycelia Vegetative structures found below ground & include rhizoids (anchor & absorb nutrients), hyphae, & mycelia Ascomycota Called sac fungi Includes yeast, cup fungi, truffles, powdery mildew, & morels Some are parasites causing Dutch elm disease & chestnut blight Sac Fungi can reproduce both sexually and asexually Yeast reproduce asexually by budding (form small, bud-like cells that break off & make more yeasts)Asexual spores called conidia form on the tips of specialized hyphae called condiophores Ascocarp – specialized hyphae formed by parent fungi during sexual reproduction Ascus – sacs within the ascocarp that form spores called ascospores Lichens Symbiotic association between a sac fungus & a photosynthetic green algae or cyanobacteria Both organisms benefit (algae makes food & fungus supplies moisture, shelter, & anchorage)Grow on rocks, trees, buildings, etc. & help form soil Crustose lichens grow on rocks & trees; fructose lichens grow shrub-like; foliose lichens grow mat-like on the soil Mycorrhizae Symbiotic association of a fungus living on plant roots Most plants have mycorrhizae on their roots Fungus absorbs sugars made by plant Plants absorb more water & minerals with aid of the fungus Importance of Fungi Fungal spores cause allergies Molds, mildew, rusts, & smuts damage crops Yeasts are used to make beer & bread Antibiotic penicillin Decomposers & recyclers of nutrients Mushrooms eaten as food Help form blue cheeses Aspergillus is used to make soy sauce Cause athlete’s foot & ringworm Amanita is poisonous mushroom Can cause yeast infections"
},
{
"docid": "D1771551#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_sporangium\nWhat is sporangium?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Biology Botany or Plant Biology What is sporangium? Flag What is sporangium? Answer by Lux1985 Confidence votes 69Sporangium is both a classification of fungi, and a description of a specific part of fungi anatomy. Sporangium is a classification of fungi, distinct from other forms of fungi (such as budding fungi or symbiotic fungi) because it is a sporing fungi which produces spores in the sporangia. Many forms of fungi reproduce by sporing via the hyphae. The hyphae of most fungi are either rooted in the ground or in the host, depending on whether the species of fungi is saprophytic or parasitic, respectively. Fungus described as Sporangium also reproduces (proliferates) via the production of spores, but specifically the spores are produced in the sporangia; the sporangia form on the thread-like stalks -- known as the hyphae -- of the plant body. Normally, the hyphae (which produce spores in sporing fungi) are anchored in the nutritional substrate, either the ground or some host body, in most cases. The part of the fungi that is \"\"above ground\"\" or visible on a host body is called the fruiting body. However, in the case of sporangium fungi, the hyphae are not anchored in some substrate, but instead are usually found external of the substrate or host, where the fruiting body would be described."
}
] |
8306 | which protein determines whether blood type is positive or negative? | [
{
"docid": "D2351131#0",
"title": "http://www.brighthub.com/science/genetics/articles/68003.aspx\nUnderstanding the Genetics of Rhesus Factor",
"text": "Understanding the Genetics of Rhesus Factorwritten by: R. Elizabeth C. Kitchen•edited by: Leigh A. Zaykoski•updated: 3/31/2010The Rhesus factor is what determines whether our blood is classified as positive or negative. Read on the learn more about the genetics of Rhesus factor. Rhesus factor, more commonly referred to as Rh factor, is a protein, more commonly an antigen, that exists on a red blood cell's surface. Rhesus factor got its name from experiments that Alexander S. Weiner and Karl Landsteiner conducted in 1937. These experiments involved rabbits that produced an antigen present in many humans' red blood cells when the rabbits were injected with the red blood cells of the Rhesus monkey. This led to the understanding of the genetics of Rhesus factor. Categories of Blood A, B, AB, and O are the four main categories of blood. Each of these blood types is further classified as negative or positive, which is a reference to the blood's Rhesus factor. People who have the antigen in their blood, or Rh factor, are deemed Rh-positive. For example, a person with the A blood type and Rhesus factor in their blood has A-positive blood."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2749147#0",
"title": "http://lkdn.org/who_can_be_living_donor.html\n.",
"text": "Who Can Be a Living Donor & How are they Evaluated? In general, to be a living donor an individual must be physically fit, in good health, free from high blood pressure, diabetes, cancer, kidney disease and heart disease. Individuals considered for living donation are usually between 18-60 years of age. ( Living donors older than 65 years of age have successfully donated.) Routine tests are always performed to determine not only the potential donor's level of physical and mental health, but also their compatibility with the patient awaiting a transplant. Results of these tests will determine if someone could donate. Living donation occurs only when there is informed consent that is freely given. This means, you should agree to be a living donor only after you have been fully educated on the subject, its risks and rewards, and when your agreement to donate is without pressure from other people. The following are just some of the tests a donor could expect to have during the evaluation process. Blood Tests Initially, the living donor undergoes a blood test to determine blood type compatibility with the recipient."
},
{
"docid": "D666219#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominant_trait\nDominance (genetics)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Dominant trait)navigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( February 2018) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Inheritance of Dwarfing in Maize. Demonstrating the heights of plants from the two parent variations and their F1 heterozygous hybrid (centre). Dominance in genetics is a relationship between alleles of one gene, in which the effect on phenotype of one allele masks the contribution of a second allele at the same locus. [ 1] [2] The first allele is dominant and the second allele is recessive. For genes on an autosome (any chromosome other than a sex chromosome ), the alleles and their associated traits are autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. Dominance is a key concept in Mendelian inheritance and classical genetics. Often the dominant allele codes for a functional protein whereas the recessive allele does not."
},
{
"docid": "D1264086#0",
"title": "http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~edudev/LabTutorials/Ferritin/Ferritin.html\nIron Use and Storage in the Body: Ferritin and Molecular Representations",
"text": "\"Iron Use and Storage in the Body: Ferritin and Molecular Representations Iron in Biology: Study of the Iron Content in Ferritin, The Iron-Storage Protein. Authors: Rachel Casiday and Regina Frey Department of Chemistry, Washington University St. Louis, MO 63130Key Concepts: Importance of Iron in the Body Iron-storage Protein and Control of the Amount of Iron in the Body (Interactively view a molecule in this section. ) Graphical Molecular Representations Importance of Molecular Visualization Different Types of Representations and What Information They Give Structure of Ferritin Amino Acids Peptide Subunits (Interactively view a molecule in this section. ) 24-Subunit Structure (Interactively view a molecule in this section. ) Removal of Fe from Ferritin Crystal-lattice Mineral Structure Channels Polar vs. Nonpolar (Interactively view a molecule in this section. ) Iron in the Body The Body as a Chemical System: Chemical Elements that Make Up the Body What are our bodies made of, and how do they work? These questions are fundamental to the study of medicine and to many chemists, biologists, and engineers. We know that our bodies are matter, and thus must be composed of atoms that have been specially arranged to produce the molecules and larger structures that sustain our lives. We know that the properties of an atom (e.g., size, electronegativity, number of valence electrons) determine how that atom will interact with other atoms; furthermore, the properties and reactions of molecules depend on the properties and interactions of the atoms in the molecules. Hence, to study the human body as a complex organization of molecules that undergoes a wide array of interrelated chemical reactions, we should begin by asking one of the most basic questions about any system of molecules: What sort of atoms does the system contain?"
},
{
"docid": "D958495#0",
"title": "http://www.mollysfund.org/2013/01/diagnosing-lupus-and-lupus-tests/\nDiagnosing Lupus and Lupus Tests",
"text": "About Lupus, Diagnosis, Featured, General Information, Main Blog Diagnosing Lupus and Lupus Tests Contents: Diagnosing Lupus Very Important Information Preparing for a Doctor Visit How is a lupus diagnosis confirmed? Blood Tests Imaging Tests Biopsy Some Questions to Ask After a Lupus Diagnosis You Are Not Alone Diagnosing Lupus Lupus is an incredibly complex autoimmune disease and diagnosing lupus can take a lot of time and many doctor visits. Patients will often get diagnosed with other “overlap” diseases such as r heumadoid arthritis (RA), Sjogren’s Syndrome, scleroderma, fibromyalgia or Raynaud’s Phenomenon even before a diagnosis of lupus is made. This can be incredibly frustrating for you as well as your doctors. Understanding the process of getting a lupus diagnosis is one of the most common questions we get here as well as a main topic in the discussions on our Facebook page and our other social media platforms. The goal of this blog is to give a clear understanding of the diagnosis process and provide the tools needed to go back to your doctor (or a new doctor) armed with the information you need. Do you think you may have lupus? If you have shown several of the signs for lupus, you and your physician may now take the next step in determining if it is lupus or anotherauto-immune disease. In order to make such a diagnosis, the individual must first show clinical evidence of a multi-symptom disease (i.e., the individual has shown abnormalities in several different organ systems). To learn more about the symptoms that can be specific to lupus, please refer to our blog post on Lupus Symptoms and Signs."
},
{
"docid": "D2303067#0",
"title": "https://www.labcorp.com/help/patient-test-info/urinalysis-three-types-of-examinations-2\nUrinalysis_ Three Types of Examinations 2",
"text": "\"Patient Test Information Urinalysis_ Three Types of Examinations 2The Chemical Examination To perform the chemical examination, most clinical laboratories use commercially prepared test strips with test pads that have chemicals impregnated into them. The laboratorian dips the strip into urine, chemical reactions change the colors of the pads within seconds to minutes, and the laboratorian determines the result for each test. To reduce timing errors and eliminate variations in color interpretation, automated instruments are frequently used to \"\"read\"\" the results of the test strip. The degree of color change on a test pad can give an estimate of the amount of substance present. For example, a slight color change in the test pad for protein may indicate a small amount of protein present in the urine whereas a deep color change may indicate a large amount. The chemical examination is often done in conjunction with or may be followed by a microscopic examination of the urine if there are any abnormal results. Results from both sets of tests are then considered together for interpretation. Abnormal findings may be followed by additional urine and/or blood tests. The most frequently performed chemical tests using reagent test strips are: Specific Gravity (SG)p HProtein Glucose Ketones Blood (hemoglobin) and Myoglobin Leukocyte Esterase Nitrite Bilirubin Urobilinogen Some reagent test strips also have a test pad for ascorbic acid (vitamin C).intravenous (IV) infusion of large volumes of fluid, then the urine specific gravity may be very close to that of water. The upper limit of the test pad, a specific gravity of 1.035, indicates concentrated urine, one with many substances in a limited amount of water."
},
{
"docid": "D1979470#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/33326267/blood-flash-cards/\nBlood",
"text": "\"115 terms Fabiesq Blood Information about blood, blood cells, and regulation of blood consituents Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Erythrocytes red blood cells. Leukocytes white blood cells Thrombocytes platelets What is the average value of an adult's hematocrit? 45%Glycolysis Series of reactions that produce ATP in the cytosol. Waste products are pyruvic acid Oxidative phosphorylation Series of reactions that occur in the mitochondria creating ATP. Waste products are water and carbon dioxide.2 molecules Number of ATP molecules produced during glycolysis32-34 ATP Number of ATP produced during oxidative phophorylation Oxygen Gas carried in blood by the hemoglobin protein Serum albumin Protein that maintains osmotic/oncotic pressure in the blood. Immunogamma globulin Serum protein that functions as an anti-bodymitochondria energy producing organelle that is lacking in mature erythrocytes Reticulocyte Immature red blood cell released into the blood stream Erythropoeisis Process of red blood cell manufacture Erythropoeitin Hormone released by renal cells that induces red blood cell maturation Hypoxia Induces the release of erythropoeitin by renal cells Red Color of bone marrow that produces red blood cells Vitamin B12 B complex vitamin needed to make red blood cells Folic acid A raw material needed to make red blood cells and stored in the liver. Stem cells Undifferentiated cell capable of becoming one of many cell types; can be defined as pleuripotent, multipotent or totipotent Hemoglobin Oxygen carrying protein found in abundance within red blood cells Iron Coordinates binding of oxygen molecule within the heme group Spleen Organ that primarily destroys old and damaged red blood cells Biliveridin Greenish colored substance formed after iron is stripped away from the heme group Bilirubin Yellow colored substance formed after red blood cell destruction Transferrin Iron transporting protein Bile Fat emulsiying agent formed in the liver from bilirubin Jaundice Color of a person with increased bilirubin levels Sickle cell anemia a genetic disorder in which erythroctyes take on an abnormal curved or \"\"sickle\"\" shape; common in persons of African descent Polycythemia Disorder characterized by increased number of red blood cells Anemia a deficiency of red blood cells Diapedisis The process by which white blood cells squeeze between the cells in a vessel wall to enter the tissue spaces outside the blood vessel Chemotaxis Movement that is directed by chemical gradients, such as nutrients or toxins. ( Seen in white blood cells)Neutrophil Most abundant white blood cell. Represent 50%-70% of the leukocyte population. nucleus consists of 3 to 6 lobes and the pale lilac cytoplasm contains fine cytoplasmic granules."
},
{
"docid": "D554289#0",
"title": "https://www.scribd.com/document/58156105/PBS-Activity-Introductions\nPrinciples of Biomedical Science End of Course Review PBS Activity Introductions",
"text": "\"Principles of Biomedical Science End of Course Review PBS Activity Introductions Activity 1.1.1: The Mystery—Was It a Crime? Introduction The biomedical sciences are involved in a variety of aspects of modern society including but not limited to research, medicine, health care, pharmacology, medical technology, and even forensics. Throughout this course, you will have a chance to explore many of these areas and the career opportunities within them. To begin your work, you find yourself in the middle of a mystery. In Unit One it is your job to solve the mystery of a sudden death. The biomedical sciences are directly involved in all aspects of life including what can cause life to end. Forensic science is a popular field within the biomedical sciences that has been made increasingly fashionable by several television shows with crime solving and forensic themes, especially the CSI series. Forensic science sometimes focuses on tracking down the causes of cell injury, illness and death. The starting point of any work in the biomedical sciences must be the human body. A working knowledge of its structure and function is basic to an understanding of all other aspects of this interesting discipline."
},
{
"docid": "D365881#0",
"title": "http://lkdn.org/matching_recip_donors.html\n.",
"text": "Matching Recipient and Donors The terms “match”, “matching” or a “perfect match” are often misunderstood or misused when referring to a recipient and donor. A clearer way of describing the evaluation process between a recipient and donor would be to use the terms, “suitable” and “compatible”. A suitable donor is someone that is healthy enough to donate. A donor is compatible when all the tests are finalized and a suitable donor is able to donate to their intended recipient. The history of the term “match” comes from the 6 HLA antigens, (Human Leukocyte Antigens.) In the past, the recipients and donors 6 antigens needed to “match” in order for that donor and recipient transplant to be successful. The new anti rejection drugs are so effective, that there isn’t a statistical difference in success rates between a zero “match” and a 5 out of 6 “match.” Therefore, HLA matching typically is not a factor that determines whether someone is compatible. There is however, a benefit to having a “perfect match,” 6 out of 6 antigens. A “perfect match” results in a significantly longer survial of the donated kidney."
},
{
"docid": "D1502600#0",
"title": "http://www.uwosh.edu/med_tech/what-is-elementary-hematology/what-is-a-medical-technologist\nMedical Technology",
"text": "\"What Is A Medical Technologist? Have you ever been to a play? When the audience comes to see the show, they see the actors and actresses perform. What they don't see are the many crew members who work backstage on lighting and sound and sets. These people don't get to take a bow at the end of the show, but they are very important to the success of the play. In the hospital, the medical technologists are like crew members in a play. Patients don't often see them, but they are vital members of the healthcare team. Medical technologists (also known as clinical laboratory scientists) are professionals who work in the hospital laboratory, performing a wide range of tests. Doctors make many of their decisions about diagnosis and treatment of disease based on laboratory test results. It is the responsibility of the medical technologist to provide accurate and precise data."
},
{
"docid": "D1362958#0",
"title": "http://surgeryencyclopedia.com/st-wr/tumor-marker-tests.html\nTumor marker tests",
"text": "\"Surgery St-Wr Tumor Marker Tests Tumor marker tests Follow City-Data.com founder on our Forum or @Lech Mazur Definition Tumor markers are a group of proteins, hormones, enzymes, receptors, and other cellular products that are overexpressed (produced in higher than normal amounts) by malignant cells. Tumor markers are usually normal cellular constituents that are present at normal or very low levels in the blood of healthy persons. If the substance in question is produced by the tumor, its levels will be increased either in the blood or in the tissue of origin. Purpose The majority of tumor markers are used to monitor patients for recurrence of tumors following treatment. In addition, some markers are associated with a more aggressive course and higher relapse rate and have value in staging and prognosis of the cancer. Most tumor markers are not useful for screening because levels found in early malignancy overlap the range of levels found in healthy persons. The levels of most tumor markers are elevated in conditions other than malignancy, and are therefore not useful in establishing a diagnosis. Precautions Tumor markers are sometimes elevated in nonmalignant conditions. Not every tumor will cause a rise in the level of its associated marker, especially in the early stages of some cancers. When a marker is used for cancer screening or diagnosis, the physician must confirm a positive test result by using imaging studies, tissue biopsies, and other procedures."
},
{
"docid": "D1399372#0",
"title": "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/congenital+anemia\nerythroblastosis fetalis",
"text": "\"erythroblastosis fetalis (redirected from congenital anemia) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia . Erythroblastosis Fetalis Definition Erythroblastosis fetalis refers to two potentially disabling or fatal blood disorders in infants: Rh incompatibility disease and ABO incompatibility disease. Either disease may be apparent beforebirth and can cause fetal death in some cases. The disorder is caused by incompatibilitybetween a mother's blood and her unborn baby's blood. Because of the incompatibility, themother's immune system may launch an immune response against the baby's red blood cells. As a result, the baby's blood cells are destroyed, and the baby may suffer severe anemia (deficiency in red blood cells), brain damage, or death. Description Red blood cells carry several types of proteins, called antigens, on their surfaces. The A, B, and O antigens are used to classify a person's blood as type A, B, AB, or O. Each parent passesone A, B, or O antigen gene to their child. How the genes are paired determines the person'sblood type. A person who inherits an A antigen gene from each parent has type A blood; receiving two B antigen genes corresponds with type B blood; and inheriting A and B antigen genes means a person has type AB blood."
},
{
"docid": "D2640972#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/19572406/bio-2-term-flash-cards/\nbio 2 term",
"text": "\"262 terms amac03bio 2 term Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Atoms of a specific element always have a constant number of _____. protons Incorrect. Neutrons have mass and no charge. The number of neutrons in an atom can vary, resulting in isotopes of the element. ... What is the difference between 12C and 13C? 12C has one less neutron than 13CAn element in the second row of the periodic table that has four valence electrons would most likely _____. form four covalent bonds Which of the following is necessary for an atom to participate in the formation of a double covalent bond? The participating atoms must have two or more unpaired electrons."
},
{
"docid": "D917021#0",
"title": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899300030535\nResearch reportCharacteristics of endothelial cells derived from the bloodâbrain barrier and of astrocytes in culture",
"text": "Brain Research Volume 890, Issue 1, 26 January 2001, Pages 49-65Research report Characteristics of endothelial cells derived from the blood–brain barrier and of astrocytes in culture F. A. Ghazanfari a R. R. Stewart b Show morehttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993 (00)03053-5 Get rights and content Abstract In this study, cultures of astrocytes and capillary endothelial cells from the blood–brain barrier (BBB) of the postnatal (P1) mouse cerebral cortex were analyzed with the aim of acquiring information on the distinguishing characteristics of each cell type. For isolation and purification of astrocyte cells, the methods of Mc Carthy and De Vellis [J. Cell Biol. 85 (1980) 890] were employed. The methods of Chen et al. [ Lab. Invest. 78 (1998) 353], Duport et al. [ Proc. Natl. Acad."
},
{
"docid": "D2088312#0",
"title": "https://www.sweet-cures.com/urinalysis-lab-testing.htm\nUrinalysis",
"text": "Urinalysis Urinalysis can help find kidney, metabolic disorders and urinary tract infections. On This Page: Urinalysis Chemical Examination Microscopic Examination Recommended Clinic What is Urine? Blood passes through the kidneys, and next urine is formed and excreted. Urine is made up of substances that are not used or needed by our cells, so they are the leftovers of metabolic processes (e.g., urea). The blood is first filtered and all small molecules, including both nutrients and wastes, enter a nephron. There are about 1,000,000 nephrons in each human kidney and nephrons are the active part of the kidney that produces urine while removing waste and excess substances from the blood. The nutrient molecules and some salts and water are reabsorbed back into the blood, while unwanted substances remain within the nephron to become a part of the urine. Urinalysis A urinalysis is, as the name suggests, is an analysis of the urine. A sample of 30-60mls of your urine is needed for urinalysis. Your GP may order urinalysis in a lab to test for kidney, metabolic disorders and urinary tract infections."
},
{
"docid": "D221926#0",
"title": "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer/in-depth/breast-cancer/ART-20045654?pg=2\nBreast cancer types: What your type means",
"text": "Breast cancer types: What your type means Not all breast cancers are the same. Understand what type of breast cancer you have and how it differs from other types of breast cancer. By Mayo Clinic Staff Once you've been diagnosed with breast cancer, your doctor will review your pathology report and the results of any imaging tests to understand the specifics of your tumor. Using a tissue sample from your breast biopsy or using your tumor if you've already undergone surgery, your medical team determines your breast cancer type. This information helps your doctor decide which treatment options are most appropriate for you. Here's what's used to determine your breast cancer type. In what part of the breast did your cancer begin? The type of tissue where your breast cancer arises determines how the cancer behaves and what treatments are most effective. Parts of the breast where cancer begins include: Milk ducts. Ductal carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer."
},
{
"docid": "D1412974#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080121000600AAn57Fp\nWhat does it mean if your Rh factor is positive and what does it mean if it is negative?",
"text": "Science & Mathematics Medicine What does it mean if your Rh factor is positive and what does it mean if it is negative?2 following 4 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: To put it very simply, when you are Rh pos. your red blood cells carry 'D' antigens all over their surface. If you are Rh neg. your rbc's don't have them. If a negative person is exposed to these D antigens, their immune system recognizes them as foreign and so will develop antibodies against them (anti-D). This can happen in two ways: 1) being transfused Rh pos blood (rarely happens, only in an emergency when no more Rh neg blood was available). 2) When a Rh pos baby's cells enter their Rh neg mothers circulation (as can happen at delivery, miscarriage, abortion or if there is some other problem). Rh neg women are screened through their pregnancy and are offered injections of anti-D in order to prevent them becoming immunized. A Kleihauer test is used to detect fetal blood cells in the mother's blood (after miscarriage or delivery). Depending on how many fetal cells we find we can work out how much anti-D they need in order to get rid of the fetal cells in their circulation."
},
{
"docid": "D1852858#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autosomal_dominant\nDominance (genetics)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Autosomal dominant)navigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( February 2018) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Inheritance of Dwarfing in Maize. Demonstrating the heights of plants from the two parent variations and their F1 heterozygous hybrid (centre). Dominance in genetics is a relationship between alleles of one gene, in which the effect on phenotype of one allele masks the contribution of a second allele at the same locus. [ 1] [2] The first allele is dominant and the second allele is recessive. For genes on an autosome (any chromosome other than a sex chromosome ), the alleles and their associated traits are autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. Dominance is a key concept in Mendelian inheritance and classical genetics. Often the dominant allele codes for a functional protein whereas the recessive allele does not."
},
{
"docid": "D2692919#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20130403090300AAMOMO7\nHow many people are there approximately who have blood type O rh negative Du?",
"text": "\"Science & Mathematics Medicine How many people are there approximately who have blood type O rh negative Du? Trying to figure out as much as I can. I've given my blood as a donor twice, being told that I am 0 rh negative. A few days ago I went in for the third time and was now refused, being told that I had something positive which I just found out is called Du. So does that make me rh positive just with a weak... show more1 following 3 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: The classification of Rh-positive and Rh-negative individuals is determined by the presence or absence of the highly immunogenic Rh D protein on the surface of erythrocytes. ( Red Blood Cells) A person either HAS or does NOT have the Rh factor -- specifically what is most important is the D antigen as this antigen causes the most immune response (and thus is most dangerous). So you possess the D antigen , as stated above, on the surface of your red blood cells, you are Rh + -- If you do NOT possess this antigen on the RBC's,.. you are Rh - (You do not have the Rhesus factor). In *some* people (like yourself) -- there is a weak expression of the D antigen. The cells which are not immediately agglutinted by Anti-D sera cannot be easily classified as D negative because some of these agglutinate after addition of antiglobulin sera. This weak reaction is called \"\"Du\"\" (more common in blacks than other races)."
},
{
"docid": "D1172949#0",
"title": "http://www.surgeryencyclopedia.com/St-Wr/Tumor-Marker-Tests.html\nTumor marker tests",
"text": "\"Surgery St-Wr Tumor Marker Tests Tumor marker tests Follow City-Data.com founder on our Forum or @Lech Mazur Definition Tumor markers are a group of proteins, hormones, enzymes, receptors, and other cellular products that are overexpressed (produced in higher than normal amounts) by malignant cells. Tumor markers are usually normal cellular constituents that are present at normal or very low levels in the blood of healthy persons. If the substance in question is produced by the tumor, its levels will be increased either in the blood or in the tissue of origin. Purpose The majority of tumor markers are used to monitor patients for recurrence of tumors following treatment. In addition, some markers are associated with a more aggressive course and higher relapse rate and have value in staging and prognosis of the cancer. Most tumor markers are not useful for screening because levels found in early malignancy overlap the range of levels found in healthy persons. The levels of most tumor markers are elevated in conditions other than malignancy, and are therefore not useful in establishing a diagnosis. Precautions Tumor markers are sometimes elevated in nonmalignant conditions. Not every tumor will cause a rise in the level of its associated marker, especially in the early stages of some cancers. When a marker is used for cancer screening or diagnosis, the physician must confirm a positive test result by using imaging studies, tissue biopsies, and other procedures."
},
{
"docid": "D2505121#0",
"title": "http://what-when-how.com/forensic-sciences/blood-identification/\nBlood Identification",
"text": "Blood Identification Introduction Bloodstains are often found at various types of crime scene, such as homicide, hit-and-run, assault, child abuse, rape, robbery and burglary. In addition, forensic scientists are often called upon to examine clothing, weapons, vehicles and other items of physical evidence to determine whether a victim’s or a suspect’s blood has been transferred to those items. In examining blood evidence, the questions which the forensic scientist must answer are: Is it blood? If it is blood, is it human? If it is human, what information towards individualization is possible? Since the discovery of the ABO system by Land-steiner in 1900, knowledge in human blood identification has expanded tremendously. With the advent of DNA typing technologies in the 1980s an individual bloodstain can now be identified through genetic variation at a molecular level. Further testing procedures allow for greater individualization by DNA typing than was ever possible by classical serological techniques of even just a few years ago. DNA methodologies also allow for the analysis ofsamples which are highly degraded or present in extremely small quantities. Due to the sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA typing procedures, a minute quantity of DNA recovered from blood, as well as trace amounts of semen, tissue cells, and a variety of body fluids, can yield conclusive typing results."
}
] |
8311 | which section of the police organization is known as the backbone of the department | [
{
"docid": "D2969664#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/44438851/police-organization-final-flash-cards/\nPolice Organization Final",
"text": "\"92 terms Briseida_Verdugo Police Organization Final Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Demographics quantifiable statistics of a given population2 basic element of capital The two basic elements of this capital is trustworthiness; that is, citizens' trust of each other and their public institutions and obligations, that is, expectation that service to each other will be reciprocated. Social Capital the reserve of \"\"trust\"\" and engagement in a community. Types of communities -integral -parochial -diffuse -anomic Integral Community well-manicured lawns and well-maintained building and residences. Possible high degree of social capital. Parochial Community share similar values and cultures, insulating themselves and taking care of their own, usually without involving the police. Diffuse Community residents have much in common but seldom interact, low in social capital. Anomic Community characterized by isolation and alienation. Residents often have resigned themselves to accept criminal victimization as a way of life."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D390275#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporal\nCorporal",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the military rank. For other uses, see Corporal (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( April 2013) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) [ show]Common military ranks in English Corporal is a military rank in use in some form by many militaries and by some police forces or other uniformed organizations. Within NATO, each member nation's corresponding military rank of corporal is combined under the NATO-standard rank scale code OR-4. However, there are often differences in how each nation (or service in each nation) employs corporals. Some militaries don't have corporals, but may instead have a Junior Sergeant. In some militaries, the rank of corporal nominally corresponds to commanding a section or squad of soldiers."
},
{
"docid": "D1496873#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-commissioned_officer\nNon-commissioned officer",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search A sergeant of the Coldstream Guards addressing through the ranks during the rehearsal for the Trooping the Colour ceremony [ hide]Common military ranks in English Navies Armies Air forces Commissioned officers Admiral of the fleet Field marshal or General of the army Marshal of the air force Admiral General Air chief marshal Vice admiral Lieutenant general Air marshal Rear admiral Major general Air vice-marshal Commodore Brigadier orbrigadier general Air commodore Captain Colonel Group captain Commander Lieutenant colonel Wing commander Lieutenant commander Major or Commandant Squadron leader Lieutenant Captain Flight lieutenant Lieutenant junior gradeorsub-lieutenant Lieutenant orfirst lieutenant Flying officer Ensign ormidshipman Second lieutenant Pilot officer Officer cadet Officer cadet Flight cadet Enlisted grades Warrant officer orchief petty officer Warrant officer orsergeant major Warrant officer Petty officer Sergeant Sergeant Leading seaman Corporal orbombardier Corporal Seaman Private orgunner ortrooper Aircraftman orairman Talk · View A non-commissioned officer or noncommissioned officer ( NCO, colloquially non-com or noncom) is a military officer who has not earned a commission. [ 1] [2] [3] Such is also called sub-officer in some countries. Non-commissioned officers, in the English-speaking world, usually obtain their position of authority by promotion through the enlisted ranks. [ 4] In contrast, commissioned officers hold higher ranks than NCOs, have more legal responsibilities, are paid more, and often have more non-military training such as a university diploma. Commissioned officers usually earn their commissions without having risen through the enlisted ranks. \"\" Mustang \"\" is a slang term in the United States Armed Forces used to refer to a commissioned officer who began his or her career as an enlisted service member. [ citation needed]The NCO corps usually includes all grades of corporal and sergeant; in some countries, warrant officers also carry out the duties of NCOs. The naval equivalent includes some or all grades of petty officer, although not all navies class their petty officers as NCOs. There are different classes of non-commissioned officer, including junior non-commissioned officers (JNCO) and senior (or staff) non-commissioned officers (SNCO). Contents [ hide ]1 Function2 National usage2.1 Australia2.2 Canada2.3 Finland2.4 Sweden2.5 France2.6 Germany2.7 New Zealand2.8 Norway2.9 Singapore2.10 United Kingdom2.11 United States3 See also4 References5 External links Function [ edit]The non-commissioned officer corps is often referred to as \"\"the backbone\"\" of the armed services, [5] [6] as they are the primary and most visible leaders for most military personnel."
},
{
"docid": "D241648#0",
"title": "http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/implement/access-barriers-opportunities/outreach-to-increase-access/main\nSection 6. Using Outreach to Increase Access",
"text": "\"Learn how to implement an outreach service to expand access to health services, practices, or products. What is outreach? When is outreach needed? What are some common methods of outreach? How do you implement outreach? If you build it, they will come -- right? It worked for Kevin Costner in the movie \"\"Field of Dreams,\"\" but in the real world of creating healthier communities, the definitive answer is \"\"Maybe.\"\" In one Midwestern town, for example, a nonprofit health care clinic that provides free service to the uninsured discovered it was reaching only 10 percent of the people who qualify for its services. This reflects a similar problem on the national scale. Despite eligibility for health coverage through Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), as many as 7 million children remained uninsured in 2000."
},
{
"docid": "D3485309#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Police_Complaints_Commission\nIndependent Police Complaints Commission",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the British agency. For the agency in Hong Kong, see Independent Police Complaints Council. For other similarly named organisations, see List of police complaints authorities. This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( January 2018)Independent Police Complaints Commission Abbreviation IPCCPredecessor Police Complaints Authority Successor Independent Office for Police Conduct Formation 1 April 2004Extinction 8 January 2018Legal status Non-departmental public body Purpose Complaints about the English and Welsh police forces Location London and five regional offices Region served England and Wales Membership 12 commissioners Chair Anne Owers Main organ The Commission Parent organization Home Office Website www .ipcc .gov .uk The Independent Police Complaints Commission ( IPCC) was a non-departmental public body in England and Wales responsible for overseeing the system for handling complaints made against police forces in England and Wales. On 8 January 2018, the IPCC was replaced by the Independent Office for Police Conduct [1]. Contents [ hide ]1 Creation2 Role3 Powers4 Investigations5 Structure6 Commissioners7 Northern Ireland and Scotland8 Police Action Lawyers Group resignations9 Parliamentary Inquiry 201210 See also11 References12 External links Creation [ edit]The IPCC was formally founded in 2003, replacing the Police Complaints Authority (PCA). [ 2] Funded by the Home Office, the IPCC operated under statutory powers and duties defined in the Police Reform Act 2002. It was independent of pressure groups, political parties and, in principle, of government. [ 3]Role [ edit]It could also elect to manage or supervises the police investigation into a particular complaint and independently investigate the most serious cases itself."
},
{
"docid": "D182376#0",
"title": "https://fightgangstalking.com/what-is-gang-stalking/\nWhat is âGang Stalking?â",
"text": "What is “Gang Stalking?”Contents1. A Brief Explanation of “Gang Stalking”2. Introduction to the Full Explanation of Gang Stalking3. Crimes by U. S. Law Enforcement & Intelligence Agencies4. Oversight of Law Enforcement & Intelligence Agencies5. Published News Reports ***6. History: COINTELPRO, MKUltra, Red Squads, & the Stasi7. The National & International Scope of Gang Stalking8. Investigation, Surveillance, & Harassment Tactics9. Mobbing & Workplace Violence10."
},
{
"docid": "D1621255#0",
"title": "http://www.brainandspine.org.uk/anatomy-brain\nAnatomy of the brain and spine",
"text": "Anatomy of the brain and spine Learn more about the anatomy and the functions of the brain and spine Home Information and support Anatomy of the brain and spine The brain and spine are vital to keep the body alive and functioning. Everything we do depends on the messages (nerve impulses) that are sent from the brain, along the spinal cord and on to the rest of the body. The brain The brain is a complex organ that is enclosed inside the skull. It controls everything that happens in the body, including vital functions like breathing and heartbeat. Without the brain, the body would not be able to function. The brain is very delicate and is well protected by the skull. It is surrounded by a fluid called cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF). The main functions of CSF are to protect the brain (it acts as a shock absorber), to carry nutrients to the brain and remove waste from it. Anatomy of the brain Frontal lobe The frontal lobe governs our personality, character and behaviour. It is where we control our body movement and how we express ourselves."
},
{
"docid": "D700697#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing\nBureau of Engraving and Printing",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Bureau of Engraving and Printing Seal of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing Flag of the U. S. Department of the Treasury Agency overview Formed August 29, 1862 [1]Headquarters Washington, D. C. Employees 2,169 (2006)Agency executive Leonard R. Olijar, Director Parent agency Department of the Treasury Website www. Money Factory.gov The Bureau of Engraving and Printing ( BEP) is a government agency within the United States Department of the Treasury that designs and produces a variety of security products for the United States government, most notable of which is Federal Reserve Notes (paper money) for the Federal Reserve, the nation's central bank. In addition to paper currency, the BEP produces Treasury securities; military commissions and award certificates; invitations and admission cards; and many different types of identification cards, forms, and other special security documents for a variety of government agencies. The BEP does not produce coins; all coinage is produced by the United States Mint. With production facilities in Washington, DC, and Fort Worth, Texas, the Bureau of Engraving and Printing is the largest producer of government security documents in the United States. Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Production2.1 Postage stamp production2.2 Currency production3 Locations3.1 District of Columbia location3.2 Fort Worth location3.3 Historic locations4 BEP Police5 See also6 References7 External links History [ edit]Aerial view of the BEP in Washington, D. C. circa 1918United States Souvenir Card issued by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, for the HAPEX APS 70 exhibition and 84th Annual Convention of the American Philatelic Society in 1970The Bureau of Engraving and Printing has its origins in legislation enacted to help fund the Civil War. In July 1861, Congress authorized the Secretary of the Treasury to issue paper currency in lieu of coins due to the lack of funds needed to support the conflict. The paper notes were essentially government IOUs and were called Demand Notes because they were payable \"\"on demand\"\" in coin at certain Treasury facilities. At this time the government had no facility for the production of paper money so a private firm produced the Demand Notes in sheets of four. These sheets were then sent to the Treasury Department where dozens of clerks signed the notes and scores of workers cut the sheets and trimmed the notes by hand."
},
{
"docid": "D1482649#0",
"title": "http://www.theshulers.com/whitepapers/internet_whitepaper/\nHow Does the Internet Work?",
"text": "\"Whitepaper Home How Does the Internet Work? © 2002, 2005 Rus Shuler, all rights reserved Contents Introduction Where to Begin? Internet Addresses Protocol Stacks and Packets Networking Infrastructure Internet Infrastructure The Internet Routing Hierarchy Domain Names and Address Resolution Internet Protocols Revisited Application Protocols: HTTP and the World Wide Web Application Protocols: SMTP and Electronic Mail Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol Wrap Up Resources Bibliography Introduction How does the Internet work? Good question! The Internet's growth has become explosive and it seems impossible to escape the bombardment of www.com 's seen constantly on television, heard on radio, and seen in magazines. Because the Internet has become such a large part of our lives, a good understanding is needed to use this new tool most effectively. This whitepaper explains the underlying infrastructure and technologies that make the Internet work. It does not go into great depth, but covers enough of each area to give a basic understanding of the concepts involved. For any unanswered questions, a list of resources is provided at the end of the paper. Any comments, suggestions, questions, etc."
},
{
"docid": "D2494199#0",
"title": "https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/faqs\nFrequently Asked Questions",
"text": "\"Results: 68 Items What is the FBI? The FBI is an intelligence-driven and threat-focused national security organization with both intelligence and law enforcement responsibilities. [...] What is the mission of the FBI? The mission of the FBI is to protect the American people and uphold the Constitution of the United States. What are the primary investigative functions of the FBI? The FBI has divided its investigations into programs, such as domestic and international terrorism, foreign counterintelligence, cyber crime, etc. [...] What does the FBI stand for? The FBI stands for Federal Bureau of Investigation. “ Federal” refers to the national government of the United States. “ Bureau” is another word for department or division of government. “"
},
{
"docid": "D3274595#0",
"title": "http://www.quanonline.com/military/military_reference/german/head_gear/hats.html\n.",
"text": "\"MILITARY AND CIVILIAN GERMAN HEADGEAR OF WWII - The Third Reich employed a large variety of hats. The variations of designs and materials had increase the collectability of the items. The quality of manufacturing of the hats is superb. Most of the hats had some type of eagle and swastika combination. Hats were issued to military, para-military, political and civilian organizations. This section of the website will cover all these organizations. The following gallery features miscellaneous hats that were issued to German armed forces and civilians during WWII. The data provided here allows the militaria collector to identify the headhear of the Third Reich and provides a price guide to determine the value of the German WWII hats. This service is provided free of charge to the visitor/enthusiast courtesy of Military Items.com, a company dedicated to the preservation of military history and to providing quality military antiques and collectibles to museums, institutions and the general public. WWII GERMAN MILITARY HATSThe German military forces of WWII were encompassed under an organization known as the Wehrmarcht."
},
{
"docid": "D2837914#0",
"title": "https://www.fbi.gov/investigate/organized-crime\nTransnational Organized Crime",
"text": "\"Transnational Organized Crime The FBI is dedicated to eliminating transnational organized crime groups that pose the greatest threat to the national and economic security of the United States. The Bureau has found that even if key individuals in an organization are removed, the depth and financial strength of the organization often allow it to continue, so the FBI targets entire organizations responsible for a variety of criminal activities. The Bureau draws upon the experience, training, and proficiency of its agents; its partnerships within the intelligence and law enforcement communities; and its worldwide presence, using sustained, coordinated investigations and the criminal and civil provisions of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). Overview Transnational organized crime (TOC) groups are self-perpetuating associations of individuals who operate, wholly or in part, by illegal means and irrespective of geography. They constantly seek to obtain power, influence, and monetary gains. There is no single structure under which TOC groups function—they vary from hierarchies to clans, networks, and cells, and may evolve into other structures. These groups are typically insular and protect their activities through corruption, violence, international commerce, complex communication mechanisms, and an organizational structure exploiting national boundaries. With few exceptions, TOC groups’ primary goal is economic gain and they will employ an array of lawful and illicit schemes to generate profit. Crimes such as drug trafficking, migrant smuggling, human trafficking, money laundering, firearms trafficking, illegal gambling, extortion, counterfeit goods, wildlife and cultural property smuggling, and cyber crime are keystones within TOC enterprises. The vast sums of money involved can compromise legitimate economies and have a direct impact on governments through the corruption of public officials."
},
{
"docid": "D3352646#0",
"title": "http://hiddencityphila.org/2013/05/west-girard-avenue-brewerytowns-backbone-on-the-mend/\nWest Girard Avenue, Brewerytownâs Backbone On The Mend",
"text": "West Girard Avenue, Brewerytown’s Backbone On The Mend May 17, 2013 | by Bradley Maule | Vantage | 2013 Hidden City Festival, Brewerytown, commercial corridors, economic development, Fairmount, Girard Avenue, street festivals Life on West Girard; hidden in the shade at right, Shepard Fairey wheatpaste installation | Photo: Bradley Maule It’s a shame Philly Mag writer Bob Huber has to negotiate race on the verboten “dividing line” at West Girard Avenue, because this weekend might be the perfect time to hang up the hangups and see the city’s many colors on display. On Saturday (May 18th), locals from both sides of Girard will walk their terri-poos and sip suds to the funkadelic sounds of Philly’s finest mother-son rock outfit at the Brewerytown Spring Festival. ( Hidden City will have a table with information about our Festival, so stop by and say hi. ) Now in its fifth year, the Brewerytown Spring Festival is an outgrowth of the Art + Soul Food Festival, which began in 2009, in effect a neighborhood outreach effort by organizers MM Partners. Founded by partners Jacob Roller and David Waxman, MM has been investing and developing real estate in Brewerytown since 2001. And since 2009, they’ve kept a storefront on West Girard Avenue, first at 2621, where, along with the Mural Arts Program, they helped facilitate the Shepard Fairey wheatpaste that still adorns the building, and currently at 2732. They also maintain a blog about the neighborhood at Brewerytown Living.com. Mugshots’ Brewerytown location | Photo: Bradley Maule MM has been instrumental in bringing new residents and business to the neighborhood, most notably with Mugshots Coffeehouse’s second outpost (2831 W. Girard) and Icy Signs (2819 W. Girard). Icy, the studio/business/outreach led by celebrated artist Steve Powers (A Love Letter For You), has already brought its aesthetic to the West Girard storefronts of Best In Show pet grooming (2708 W. Girard) and the Chicken Master restaurant (2825), as well as a number of business foyers, exposed party walls, and newsstands. They’re all significant signs of an awakening on the key commercial corridor."
},
{
"docid": "D453866#0",
"title": "http://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2016/01/17/police-investigation-underway-geneseo/78930674/\nWebster Schroeder grad among 3 dead in Geneseo",
"text": "\"Police have identified the three individuals found inside a home at 18 Wadsworth St. in the village of Geneseo. Video by Will Cleveland, Shawn Dowd and Ryan Miller. ( Jan. 17, 2016). ( Photo: Provided)CONNECT TWEET LINKEDIN COMMENT EMAIL MOREThree people in their early 20s, including a 21-year-old Webster woman, were found dead Sunday morning in a home near the State University of College at Geneseo, a tragedy that so far has produced few details from police about why and how it happened. More, however, is expected to be revealed at a 2 p.m. news conference Monday. \"\" It's too early in the investigation to label anybody as a suspect,\"\" Geneseo police Officer Jeffrey Szczesniak said Sunday afternoon. \"\" We can say that one of the individuals may have been the perpetrator. But it's still too early to say. \"\" The three people found dead at 18 Wadsworth St. in the village of Geneseo around 6 a.m. Sunday were Kelsey Annese, 21, of Webster, Matthew Hutchinson, 24, of North Vancouver, British Columbia, and Colin Kingston, 24, of Geneseo. Geneseo victim's teammate: 'Everyone loved Kelsey'Annese was a senior guard on Geneseo basketball team."
},
{
"docid": "D1464002#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senior_NCO\nNon-commissioned officer",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Senior NCO)navigation search A sergeant of the Coldstream Guards addressing through the ranks during the rehearsal for the Trooping the Colour ceremony [ hide]Common military ranks in English Navies Armies Air forces Commissioned officers Admiral of the fleet Field marshal or General of the army Marshal of the air force Admiral General Air chief marshal Vice admiral Lieutenant general Air marshal Rear admiral Major general Air vice-marshal Commodore Brigadier orbrigadier general Air commodore Captain Colonel Group captain Commander Lieutenant colonel Wing commander Lieutenant commander Major or Commandant Squadron leader Lieutenant Captain Flight lieutenant Lieutenant junior gradeorsub-lieutenant Lieutenant orfirst lieutenant Flying officer Ensign ormidshipman Second lieutenant Pilot officer Officer cadet Officer cadet Flight cadet Enlisted grades Warrant officer orchief petty officer Warrant officer orsergeant major Warrant officer Petty officer Sergeant Sergeant Leading seaman Corporal orbombardier Corporal Seaman Private orgunner ortrooper Aircraftman orairman Talk · View A non-commissioned officer or noncommissioned officer ( NCO, colloquially non-com or noncom) is a military officer who has not earned a commission. [ 1] [2] [3] Such is also called sub-officer in some countries. Non-commissioned officers, in the English-speaking world, usually obtain their position of authority by promotion through the enlisted ranks. [ 4] In contrast, commissioned officers hold higher ranks than NCOs, have more legal responsibilities, are paid more, and often have more non-military training such as a university diploma. Commissioned officers usually earn their commissions without having risen through the enlisted ranks. \"\" Mustang \"\" is a slang term in the United States Armed Forces used to refer to a commissioned officer who began his or her career as an enlisted service member. [ citation needed]The NCO corps usually includes all grades of corporal and sergeant; in some countries, warrant officers also carry out the duties of NCOs. The naval equivalent includes some or all grades of petty officer, although not all navies class their petty officers as NCOs. There are different classes of non-commissioned officer, including junior non-commissioned officers (JNCO) and senior (or staff) non-commissioned officers (SNCO). Contents [ hide ]1 Function2 National usage2.1 Australia2.2 Canada2.3 Finland2.4 Sweden2.5 France2.6 Germany2.7 New Zealand2.8 Norway2.9 Singapore2.10 United Kingdom2.11 United States3 See also4 References5 External links Function [ edit]The non-commissioned officer corps is often referred to as \"\"the backbone\"\" of the armed services, [5] [6] as they are the primary and most visible leaders for most military personnel."
},
{
"docid": "D2532587#0",
"title": "http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=31577\nCCNP BSCI Exam: Using OSPF Across Multiple Areas",
"text": "\"CCNP BSCI Exam: Using OSPF Across Multiple Areas By Clare Gough . Sample Chapter is provided courtesy of Cisco Press . Date: Apr 25, 2003. Save Digg Del.icio.us Print Chapter Information Contents Foundation Topics Foundation Summary Q&AScenarios Scenario Answers Chapter Description OSPF is the industry-standard interior routing protocol designed for use in large networks and makes up approximately nine percent of the BSCI exam. Learn how OSPF works within a large multiarea network and about the operation of the protocol across OSPF areas. From the Book CCNP BSCI Exam Certification Guide (CCNP Self-Study), 2nd Edition$49.95This chapter covers the following topics, which you need to master to pass the CCNP/CCDP/CCIP BSCI exam. This list of exam objectives stated for the Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) exam (640-901) was obtained from the following web page:http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/10/ wwtraining/certprog/testing/current_exams/ 640-901.html Cisco often updates these pages, and this URL may change. If you have problems, go to Cisco.com and follow the directions to the exam certifications. The issues with interconnecting multiple areas. The differences between the possible types of areas, routers, and LSAs."
},
{
"docid": "D1773664#0",
"title": "http://www.history.army.mil/html/faq/branches.html\nArmy Birthdays",
"text": "\"Army Birthdays Search CMH Home Reference Topics Army Birthdays The U. S. Army was founded on 14 June 1775, when the Continental Congress authorized enlistment of expert riflemen to serve the United Colonies for one year. For more on the history of the U. S. Army birthday, click here: the Army birthday Branch Birthdays Since 1775, Congress has also authorized the establishment of certain branches within the Army. Today, these are represented by the Army's basic and special branches. Below is information about the legal authority for the Army's branches and additional information about each branch's birthday. Basic Branch Birthday Infantry 14 June 1775Adjutant General's Corps 16 June 1775Corps of Engineers 16 June 1775Finance Corps 16 June 1775Quartermaster Corps 16 June 1775Air Defense Artillery 17 November 1775Field Artillery 17 November 1775Armor 12 December 1776Ordnance Corps 14 May 1812Signal Corps 21 June 1860Chemical Corps 28 June 1918Military Police Corps 26 September 1941Transportation Corps 31 July 1942Civil Affairs 17 August 1955Military Intelligence 1 July 1962Aviation 12 April 1983Special Forces 9 April 1987Psychological Operations 16 October 2006Logistics 1 January 2008Cyber 1 September 2014Special Branch Birthday Army Medical Department Medical Corps Army Nurse Corps Dental Corps Veterinary Corps Medical Service Corps Army Medical Specialist Corps27 July 177527 July 17752 February 19013 March 19113 June 191618 May 191716 April 1947Chaplains 29 July 1775Judge Advocate General's Corps 29 July 1775Army Birthdays The U. S. Army was founded on 14 June 1775, when the Continental Congress authorized enlistment of expert riflemen to serve the United Colonies for one year. For more on the history of the U. S. Army birthday, click here: the Army birthday. Since 1775 Congress has also prescribed the organization and structure of the Army. This includes various branches into which Soldiers can be assigned. In many cases these branch distinctions are reflected in the Army's system for designating units and in the U. S. Army Regimental System. The Army Organization Act of 1950 (enacted 28 June 1950) set forth the legal basis for the various basic and special branches in the current Army (see Title 10, United States Code, Sections 3063 and 3064)."
},
{
"docid": "D2218084#0",
"title": "https://web.stanford.edu/class/msande91si/www-spr04/readings/week1/InternetWhitepaper.htm\nHow Does the Internet Work?",
"text": "\"How Does the Internet Work? © 2002 Rus Shuler @ Pomeroy IT Solutions, all rights reserved Contents Introduction Where to Begin? Internet Addresses Protocol Stacks and Packets Networking Infrastructure Internet Infrastructure The Internet Routing Hierarchy Domain Names and Address Resolution Internet Protocols Revisited Application Protocols: HTTP and the World Wide Web Application Protocols: SMTP and Electronic Mail Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol Wrap Up Resources Bibliography Introduction How does the Internet work? Good question! The Internet's growth has become explosive and it seems impossible to escape the bombardment of www.com 's seen constantly on television, heard on radio, and seen in magazines. Because the Internet has become such a large part of our lives, a good understanding is needed to use this new tool most effectively. This whitepaper explains the underlying infrastructure and technologies that make the Internet work. It does not go into great depth, but covers enough of each area to give a basic understanding of the concepts involved. For any unanswered questions, a list of resources is provided at the end of the paper. Any comments, suggestions, questions, etc."
},
{
"docid": "D2896200#0",
"title": "https://www.animallaw.info/statute/pa-dog-law-chapter-8-dogs-consolidated-dog-laws\nPurdon's Pennsylvania Statutes and Consolidated Statutes. Title 3. Agriculture. Chapter 8. Dogs. Dog Law; Title 34 Pa.C.S.A. Game. Chapter 23. Hunting and Furtaking. Subchapter E. Dogs Pursuing Game or Wildlife. Chapter 29. Special Licenses and Permits. Subchapter C. Permits Relating to Hunting Dogs",
"text": "\"Popular Title: \"\"Dog Law\"\"Primary Citation: 3 P. S. § 459-101 - 1205; 3 P. S. § 501, 531 - 532, 550 - 551; 34 Pa. C. S. A. § 2381 - 2386; 34 Pa. C. S. A. § 2941 - 2945Country of Origin: United States Last Checked: January, 2018more +Summary: These statutes represent Pennsylvania's Dog Law, and contain provisions related to licensing, rabies quarantines, kennels, and the dangerous dog chapter. The significant features of the law include a statewide control requirement for dogs (Section 305) and provisions for \"\"dangerous dogs\"\" (Section 501 et. seq.). Under the latter, any person may kill any dog which he sees in the act of pursuing or wounding or killing any domestic animal, including household pets, or pursuing, wounding or attacking human beings, whether or not such a dog bears a required license tag. There is no liability on such persons in damages or otherwise for such killing. Statute Text Links on Other Pages: Link to Dog Purchaser Protection Act Link to Chapter 7A. Rabies Prevention and Control in Domestic Animals and Wildlife Act . Definitions and Introductory Provisions:§ 459-101. Short title§ 459-102. Definitions Dog License Provisions:§ 459-200. Issuance of dog licenses; compensation; proof required; deposit of funds; records; license sales; rules and regulations; failure to comply; unlawful acts; penalty§ 459-201."
},
{
"docid": "D1417768#0",
"title": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/TexasRangers/silverstars.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Silver Stars and Sixguns: The Texas Rangers\"\"They were men who could not be stampeded\"\"That's the way the late Colonel Homer Garrison, Jr., longtime director of the Texas Department of Public Safety, once described the men who have worn the silver or gold star of the Texas Rangers, the oldest law enforcement agency in North America with statewide jurisdiction. Rangers have a heritage that traces to the earliest days of Anglo settlement in Texas. They often have been compared to four other world-famous law enforcement agencies, the FBI, Scotland Yard, Interpol and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Scores of books, from well-researched works of nonfiction to Wild West pulp novels to best-selling works of fiction, have been written about the Rangers. Over the years numerous movies, radio shows and television shows have been inspired by the Rangers. The Rangers are part of the history of the Old West, and part of its mythology. Over the years, a distinct Ranger tradition has evolved. As former Ranger Captain Bob Crowder once put it, \"\"A Ranger is an officer who is able to handle any given situation without definite instructions from his commanding officer or higher authority. This ability must be proven before a man becomes a Ranger. \"\" That definition worked well more than 150 years ago and still fits today."
},
{
"docid": "D823393#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Garrett_County,_Maryland\nGarrett County, Maryland",
"text": "\"Garrett County, Maryland From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from History of Garrett County, Maryland)navigation search Garrett County, Maryland County Garrett County Garrett County Courthouse in December 2013Flag Seal Location in the U. S. state of Maryland Maryland's location in the U. S. Founded November 4, 1872Named for John Work Garrett Seat Oakland Largest town Mountain Lake Park Area• Total 656 sq mi (1,699 km 2)• Land 647 sq mi (1,676 km 2)• Water 8.6 sq mi (22 km 2 ), 1.3%Population (est. )• ( 2017) 29,233• Density 45/sq mi (17/km 2)Congressional district 6th Time zone Eastern: UTC−5 / −4Website www .garrettcounty .org Panoramic view of Deep Creek Lake, Garrett County, MD. Garrett County (gərɛt) is the westernmost county of the U. S. state of Maryland. As of the 2010 census, the population was 30,097, [1] making it the third-least populous county in Maryland. Its county seat is Oakland. [ 2] The county was named for John Work Garrett (1820–1884), president of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. [ 3] Created from Allegany County, Maryland in 1872, it was the last Maryland county to be formed. Garrett County has long been part of the media market of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. [ 4] It is considered to be a part of Western Maryland. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is to the north."
}
] |
8313 | which side is the port side of a boat | [
{
"docid": "D1599483#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_is_a_boats_left_side_called_port_side\nWhy is a boats left side called port side?",
"text": "\"Flag Why is a boats left side called port side? Answer by Least Duck Confidence votes 94.8KScientists recently discovered a picture that is worth 1,001 words. Port is the nautical term (used on boats and ships) that refers to the left side of a ship, as perceived by a person on board the ship and facing towards the bow (the front of the vessel). The terms are also used for aircraft, spacecraft, and analogous vessels. The equivalent for the right-hand side is starboard. An archaic version of the term is larboard. The term larboard, when shouted in the wind, was presumably too easy to confuse with starboard and so the word port came to replace it, referring to the side of the ship where cargo is loaded from the port. The term larboard continued its use well into the 1850s by whalers, despite the term being long superseded by \"\"port\"\" in the merchant vessel service at the time. The term was not officially adopted by the Royal Navy until 1844 The term larboard was replaced with port because the term larboard could be confused with starboard but was replaced by port not because this is the side the cargo is loaded from but based on where the ship was headed. Back in the 1800s there was no way to correctly determine longitude."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1612377#0",
"title": "http://www.affordable-cape-cod-vacations.com/cape-cod-whale-watching.html\nCape Cod Whale WatchingNeed-to-Know Info for the Best Cruise Experience",
"text": "\"Home » Activities » Whale Watching Cape Cod Whale Watching Need-to-Know Info for the Best Cruise Experience Is a Cape Cod whale watching cruise in your vacation plans? On this page you'll find all the must-have information for a fantastic day on the water!Whales Alongside the Boat in Cape Cod Bay (They Really Do Come This Close! ) Here's What This Page Covers Click a link to go straight to that section: Whale Season Best Times to Go Weather Tips Whale Watch Ports Cruise Companies Private Whale Watch Charters What to Take With You The Basics The Season: Mid-April to late October Best For: Ages 5 and up Time to Allot: 5+ hours Food Available: Yes Restrooms: Yes Reservations: Suggested When to Go Whale Watching on Cape Cod Whale Watching Season Cape Cod's whale watch season begins in mid-April as hundreds of the gentle giants migrate to their summer feeding grounds off the Massachusetts coast. Northern Right Whale (Photo Courtesy: NOAA Teacher at Sea Program Ellen O'Donnell, Deerfield Community School NH)The season comes to an end in late October when the whales head south again for the winter. Are You Sure to See Whales? Sightings are very reliable all season long. I can't remember the last time I heard of a Cape Cod whale watch excursion returning to port without seeing any whales!Best Months for Seeing Whales June, July, August and September are prime time!During the summer, the Humpbacks are here, along with Finbacks, Minkes, and their colorful \"\"cousins\"\" the Atlantic White-sided dolphin. On our trip to the whale grounds this past June, we saw so many whales that I lost count. Awe-inspiring, even for an \"\"old salt\"\" like me! Here's a quick clip from a video I shot that day ... Cape Cod Whale Watching Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available."
},
{
"docid": "D1112049#0",
"title": "http://www.grandturkscuba.com/faqs/general-faq/\nGeneral FAQ",
"text": "General FAQWe’ve put together a list of some frequently asked questions (FAQs) to assist you with your Grand Turk trip planning. This page includes some answers to questions which are applicable to both visitors flying to Grand Turk and visitors arriving by cruise ship. There are two additional FAQ sections included here, for our on island visitors and our cruise ship guests, which provide information specific to the type of visit you are planning. If you are unable to find the answer to your question, please let us know. Blue Water Divers is located on the island of Grand Turk, which is one of the Turks Islands. If you are traveling to the Turks and Caicos Islands by cruise ship, you will be coming into port on the island of Grand Turk, where we are located. If you are flying into the Turks and Caicos Islands, you might be staying on Grand Turk or on one of the other inhabited islands within the country. The majority of passengers arriving by air into the Turks and Caicos Islands stay on the island of Providenciales (aka Provo), which is one of the Caicos Islands. Before you get too far into your trip planning, knowing exactly which of the Turks and Caicos Islands you will be staying on will help you obtain the best information. You can find some quick facts about the Turks and Caicos Islands at the country’s tourism website and there is a handy chart with average air and water temperatures here."
},
{
"docid": "D1859293#0",
"title": "http://www.christinedemerchant.com/nautical-terms-hull.html\nNautical Terms Relating to Boat Hulls and Boatbuilding",
"text": "Nautical Terms Relating to Boat Hulls and Boatbuilding Reading about small boats sometimes feels like reading a foreign language. This page is intended as a cheat sheet for non experts trying to understand more about small boats. I decided to start with the hull terms. Mainly because I've been reading Chapelle and Gardiner, and I'm finding it quite hard going. It's not that the information is difficult to understand, it's just that the vocabulary is new to me. English is not my mother tongue so bear with me if some of the explanations are a bit wonky, or my grammar is a bit off. I'm not planning to write a dictionary, just clarify enough boat words to make it possible to follow the gist of what these old fellers are talking about when they describe the traditional boats. If you want me to add a word, or you know another meaning let me know. It's interesting that many nautical terms differ in meaning depending where you live. Many thanks to people who have pointed out new words, mistakes, or alternate meanings."
},
{
"docid": "D978441#0",
"title": "http://goneoutdoors.com/names-parts-boat-5371052.html\nNames of Parts of a Boat",
"text": "\"A sailboat sits in port. The parts of a boat have funny names to a landsman. Many of the names go back hundreds of years and their origins are often lost. Some make sense only if you know something of sailing ship construction in the 16th century. The names are very specific as well: Speak of the \"\"port side, amidships,\"\" to a seaman, and he'll understand exactly where you're talking about because these phrases refer, in very few words, to particular places. The Hull Webster's defines the hull of a vessel as, \"\"the frame or body of a ship or boat exclusive of masts, yards, sails, and rigging.\"\" More directly, it's the part that floats. Hulls can be made of wood, fiberglass, steel, aluminum, even concrete. They may be single hulls, called monohulls, or multi-hulls. Their bottoms and sides may be configured so that they lift up off the water slightly when power is applied--these are called planing hulls and the act of rising is referred to as \"\"getting up on plane.\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D2554095#0",
"title": "http://www.newportmooringassociation.org/docs/Fee-Comp-2010.htm\nHarbor Fees Survey by Port",
"text": "\"Harbor Fees Survey by Port Pillar Point to San Diego April 2010Note Details shown here were surveyed in April 2010 (some updates 4/2015) and may change without notice. In each case, please refer to the appropriate City sources for the latest information. This survey includes only harbors with moorings. Dana Point Harbor and Alamitos Bay, for instance, have no moorings. Call any yacht club before visiting to determine reciprocal arrangements and availability. Pillar Point37° 29.545’N, 122° 28.798’WNOAA 18682John in the Harbormaster’s office (650) 726-5727www.smharbor.com/pillarpoint/ppfees.htmwww.smharbor.com/pillarpoint/ratesfees201415.pdf Pillar Point Location Overview Pillar Point is located in San Mateo County which comprises the majority of the penninsula enclosing the southern arm of San Francisco Bay. The Harbor District operates two facilities, Pillar Point Harbor at Half Moon Bay in Princeton, CA, and Oyster Point Marina/Park in the City of South San Francisco (the latter of which is beyond scope of this report). The City owns Oyster Point, and the District runs it for the City under a Joint Powers Agreement. The fees below apply to Pillar Point; a 369 berth mainly commercial fishing harbor. Pillar Point is a protected harbor of refuge along the San Mateo County ocean coast."
},
{
"docid": "D2818982#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_all_the_sides_of_a_boat_called\nRight side of a boat is called?",
"text": "\"Least Duck 167,024 Contributions Scientists recently discovered a picture that is worth 1,001 words. Right side of a boat is called? The right side (when facing forward) is starboard. The left side is port. Least Duck 167,024 Contributions Scientists recently discovered a picture that is worth 1,001 words. Why is a boats left side called port side? Port is the nautical term (used on boats and ships) that refers to the left side of a ship, as perceived by a person on board the ship and facing towards the bow (the front of …Matt Ivey 2 Contributions What is the left side of a boat called?1).- When facing forward, the left side of the boat is called 'port\"\" to distinguish and differentiate it from the starboard side of the vessel. 2).- The left side is the po …What do you call the left side of a boat? Port Side IAnswer U29 120 Contributions What are the sides on a boat called? Port (left) & Starboard (right)What are the sides of a boat called?port, starboard bow and sturn : DLoadmaster Trailer 13 Contributions What does the right side of a boat called?"
},
{
"docid": "D2095167#0",
"title": "http://www.ebay.com/sch/sis.html?_nkw=boat+led+port+starboard+light\nboat led port starboard light 0 results. You may also like",
"text": "boat led port starboard light 0 results. You may also like Items in search results MARINE BOAT GREEN STARBOARD AND RED PORT SIDE LED NAVIGATION LIGHT$32.99Buy It Now Free Shipping Marine Boat Yacht Red Port Light Port Side +Green LED Starboard Navigation Light$26.93Buy It Now Free Shipping Marine Boat Yacht Light 12V Green Starboard Port Navigation Light 112.5 Degree$13.80Buy It Now Free Shipping Boat yacht LED Light Red Starboard Port Navigation Light 112.5 Degree$20.30Buy It Now Free Shipping Marine Boat Yacht LED Starboard/Port /Masthead/Ster n/360 Navigation Light Set$87.06Buy It Now Free Shipping Marine Boat Yacht Pontoon Red Green Port Side Starboard LED Navigation Light 12V$39.90Buy It Now Free Shipping ALLOMN 2pcs Boat Navigation Light Marine LED Starboard and Port Side Ligh... New$38.99Buy It Now Free Shippingmarine boat ss304 green starboard red port led navigation light side mount$47.25Buy It Now Free Shipping ONE PAIR 12V LED MARINE BOAT YACHT STARBOARD/PORT NAVIGATION LIGHT$29.66Buy It Now Free Shipping Marine Boat Yacht LED Starboard/Port /Masthead/Ster n Navigation Light One Set$57.88Buy It Now Free Shipping Marine Boat Yacht LED Starboard/Port /Masthead/Ster n Navigation Light One Set$57.88Buy It Now Free Shipping Marine Boat Yacht Red Bow Navigation Light Starboard Port Led Light$29.58Buy It Now Free Shipping2X Marine Boat Yacht Red Green Port Side Starboard LED Navigation Light$40.69Buy It Now Free Shipping Marine Boat Yacht LED Starboard/Port /Masthead/Ster n/360 Navigation Light One Set$64.88Buy It Now Free Shipping Marine Boat Yacht LED Starboard/Port /Masthead/Ster n/360 Navigation Light Set$100.99Buy It Now Free Shipping Marine Boat Yacht LED Starboard/Port /Masthead/Ster n Navigation Light One Set$57.77Buy It Now Free Shipping Marine Boat Yacht 12V Red Port Side Light + Green LED Starboard Navigation Light$26.95Buy It Now Free Shipping Marine Boat Yacht LED Starboard/Port /Masthead/Ster n/360 Navigation Light One Set$64.88Buy It Now Free Shipping12V LED Marine Boat Yacht Portside Starboard Navigation Port Light Red Green$26.90or Best Offer Free Shipping Marine Boat Yacht LED Starboard/Port /Masthead/Ster n/360 Navigation Light One Set$64.77Buy It Now Free Shipping MARINE BOAT GREEN STARBOARD AND RED PORT SIDE LED NAVIGATION LIGHT IP65 Black$29.77Buy It Now Free Shipping Magi Deal Marine Boat Yacht Red Bow Navigation Light Starboard Port LED$29.58Buy It Now Free Shipping2x Waterproof DC 12V LED Navigation Light Port Starboard Boat Ship -White$22.80Buy It Now+$1.43 shipping LED AAA Bow Bi-Colour Port & Starboard Marine Navigation Light - Boat Yacht$22.72Buy It Now+$13.63 shipping3x Starboard/Port LED Navigation Light Marine Boat Yacht Anchor White+Green+Re d$39.90Buy It Now Free Shipping MARINE BOAT GREEN STARBOARD AND RED PORT SIDE LED NAVIGATION LIGHT IP65 White$28.75Buy It Now Free Shipping4x Waterproof DC 12V LED Navigation Light Port Starboard Boat Ship$49.12Buy It Now Free Shipping MARINE BOAT SS304 GREEN STARBOARD RED PORT LED NAVIGATION LIGHT SIDE MOUNT$53.11Buy It Now Free Shipping PACTRADE MARINE BOAT WHITE COVER STARBOARD PORT LED NAVIGATION LIGHT SIDE MOUNT$29.95Buy It Now Free Shipping Marine Boat White Cover Starboard Red Port LED Navigation Light Side Mount$27.15Buy It Now Free Shipping1Pair Port Starboard Marine Boat LED Navigation Light Red Green Flush Mount Lamp$39.90Buy It Now Free Shipping Waterproof Marine Boat Yacht Port Side Starboard Red Green LED Navigation Light$26.90Buy It Now Free Shipping2x Waterproof DC 12V LED Navigation Light Port Starboard Boat Ship -Black$22.31Buy It Now Free Shipping Waterproof Portable Boat Kayak LED Navigation Lights Port Starboard$23.23Buy It Now+$32.60 shipping Waterproof Marine Boat Yacht Port Side Starboard Red LED Navigation Light$30.46Buy It Now Free Shipping Marine Boat Yacht 12V Starboard/Port LED Navigation Lights Red And Green Pair$33.77Buy It Now Free Shipping Marine Boat Yacht S. 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},
{
"docid": "D1735790#0",
"title": "http://hmhsbritannic.weebly.com/sinking.html\nSINKING",
"text": "\"SINKINGBy Michail Michailakis The end T he Britannic departed from Southampton for Moudros at 2.23 p.m. on November 12, 1916. According to Captain Barlett's official report the ship was carrying 1065 people (673 crew, 315 RAMC, 77 Nurses). It would be her sixth voyage in the Mediterranean Sea. She passed Gibraltar around midnight of the 15th and arrived at Naples on the morning of the 17th for her usual coaling and water refueling stop, completing the first stage of her mission. A storm kept the ship at Naples until Sunday afternoon. Then Captain Bartlett decided to take advantage of a brief break in the weather and decided to lift anchors. The seas rose once again just as the Britannic left the port but by next morning the storms died and the ship passed the Strait of Messina without problems. Cape Matapan (the southernmost point of continental Greece) was rounded during the first hours of Tuesday (21 November). By the morning Britannic was steaming at full speed (around 21 knots) into the Kea Channel, between the islands of Makronissos (to her port side) and the island of Kea (to her starboard side). I n the dining room breakfast was served after an early mass held by Rev. John Fleming, one of the ship's chaplains."
},
{
"docid": "D1199208#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/114078928/boat-certification-exam-practice-flash-cards/\nBoat Certification Exam PRACTICE",
"text": "\"60 terms kaharris537Boat Certification Exam PRACTICELearn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort When must navigation lights be displayed? A. at night when there is a risk of collision with another boat B. only when adrift at night C. from sunset to sunrise and during periods of restricted visibility D. only when you are anchored or in fog CHow does the effect of alcohol consumed while boating compare to the effect on land? a. about the same effect whether on land or out boating b. much greater effect while boating c. much greater effect when on land d. slightly greater effect when on land AHow do you avoid overloading your vessel? a. Limit everyone on board to ten pounds of gear. b. Don't permit large ice chests on board. c. Don't allow the load weight or number of passengers to exceed the maximum stated on the capacity plate. d. Make sure that there are at least 10 inches of freeboard when everyone and their gear are on board. CA boat's capacity plate gives the maximum weight and/or number of people the boat can carry safely in certain weather conditions."
},
{
"docid": "D2043124#0",
"title": "http://www.ehow.com/facts_6816512_definition-port-side.html\nWhy Is a Steering Wheel on the Right Side of a Boat?",
"text": "\"Why Is a Steering Wheel on the Right Side of a Boat?by Frank B. Chavez IIIWhy Is a Steering Wheel on the Right Side of a Boat? Like other elements of boating, the placement of the steering wheel is based on both ancient customs and practical concerns. Steering on the right-hand side is likely as old as boating itself. Modern Explanation According to the column \"\"The Straight Dope,\"\" the steering wheel is on the right side of power boats for mechanical reasons. Boat propellers spin clockwise and the torque on the propeller caused the right side of older model boat hulls to rise out of the water. Boat designers placed the steering wheel on the right so that the weight of the boat's operator would keep the boat even in the water. Origins The steering apparatus was on the right side of boats long before the invention of engines and propellers, however. The earliest boats were propelled and steered by paddles. Right-handed paddlers would naturally steer from the right-hand side of the boat. Since the majority of people are right handed, steering on the right gradually became customary."
},
{
"docid": "D2095168#0",
"title": "https://aceboater.com/en/sidelights-port-starboard-side\nStarboard side - Port side",
"text": "Starboard side - Port side The sidelights are coloured either red or green. The sidelights determine the priority on the water: the color displayed on the starboard side is green and the red light is on the port side. The sidelights are located in front of the boat. They each displaying a constant beam and affixed in a manner that the light is projected to the front and sides allow you to determine if the oncoming craft is heading towards you or from one side or another. They are used to give a person a visual picture of which side of the vessel they are looking at in darkness or reduced visibility. Depending on the situation they will determine who has the right of way in a meeting or crossing situation. If you see a red running light at night crossing or meeting you most likely are the give-way vessel and do not have the right of way. If you see green you most likely are the stand-on vessel and have the right of way. If you liked this page, you could also like this one: Navigation lights on boats at night Back to the safe boating course review"
},
{
"docid": "D2432360#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080910133049AAHxyt8\nWhat is the side of a boat called?",
"text": "\"Cars & Transportation Boats & Boating What is the side of a boat called? I am doing a project and need to know what the side of a boat is called. Thanks, irish Follow 10 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: The side of a boat is the wale. On armed military vessels (wooden sailing vessel days), there were special planks that were much heavier and wider than normal hull planking. These were placed along the line of guns on each deck with guns. These heavy planks were called gunwales, pronounced gunnels. Gunwales added strength to the wale due to the stresses of artillery being fired from the vessel. They also helped protect the gun crews from round and grapeshot during battle. On modern wooden boats, the gunwale is on the inboard side of the sheer strake, (top plank). The part of the wale above the waterline is called freeboard or topside."
},
{
"docid": "D903301#0",
"title": "http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2013/01/the-origin-of-port-and-starboard/\nThe Origin of âPortâ and âStarboardâ",
"text": "The Origin of “Port” and “Starboard”January 8, 2013 Daven Hiskey 37 comments Today I found out how “port” and “starboard” became the commonly used terms for “left” (port) and “right” (starboard) on a ship. We’ve all been there. You step on a ship and everything suddenly becomes nautical, despite the fact that most on the boat probably have to resort to mnemonics to remember which side of the ship is port and which side is starboard- usually translating port/starboard to left/right and then mentally orienting oneself to which side of the ship that would be if facing the front of the boat. When around landlubbers, this sort of mental gymnastics could be rendered much simpler by saying the universally understood “left/right side of the boat”. Of course, in emergency situations, it can be potentially hazardous for someone to get turned around and use their left instead of the boat’s left or the like. This is supposedly the reason why terms like “port” and “starboard”, referring to one side of the ship or other, were originally used. Although, in the early days, seamen needn’t have thought of it as the “left or right” side of the boat- “starboard” referred to a very visible and prominent feature of the boat itself, so no chance of confusion. Specifically, “starboard” is referencing the old practice of having a steering oar on one side of the ship, rather than a centrally placed rudder. This was basically just a modified oar generally attached in a vertical attitude to the right side of the ship near the back (with the right side thought to have been chosen simply because most people are right handed). As to the name itself, “starboard”, this comes from the Anglo-Saxon name for this side steering oar, “steorbord”, which literally means “the side on which a vessel is steered”."
},
{
"docid": "D2732008#0",
"title": "http://www.schoolofsailing.net/terminology.html\nTerminology",
"text": "\"Like many sports or professions sailing has its own terminology. Developed over the last several hundred years with all the richness that comes along with that. At first glance many of our sailing terms may seem to have been assigned in a haphazard manner but, they have all developed out of nautical traditions, mostly from Europe with a few from Polynesia (read: Multi-hulls). For instance, the terms for right and left come from a time when ships used a steering board slung over one side of the boat. With sheer man-power or block and tackle they would apply leverage to the steering board to make their turns. Imagine coming into port and docking; you wouldn't want to dock on the side the steering board is on so the other side of the boat, facing the port, came to be called 'port' and the side of the boat the steering board was on became known as 'starboard'. The entries below are copied from the Glossary and organized by their associated ASA course. More illustrations will follow. Basic Keelboat (ASA 101)Parts of a sailboat:backstay. A stay (usually cable or rod) that runs from near or at the topof the mast to the stern of the boat; as in: Your backstay seems to be tensioned properly.boom."
},
{
"docid": "D534815#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20130815112750AARJnGu\nIf you encounter this red marker buoy when heading in the upstream direction (returning from sea)?",
"text": "\"Cars & Transportation Boats & Boating If you encounter this red marker buoy when heading in the upstream direction (returning from sea)? If If you encounter this red marker buoy when heading in the upstream direction (returning from sea), how should you proceed? ( A) Keep the marker on your starboard (right) side (B) Keep the marker on your port (left) side (C) Pass on either side of the marker (D) Turn around; you may not proceed any... show more Follow 5 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: The correct answer depends on where you live. In North and South America, Japan and the Philippines the answer is \"\"red right returning' so you would keep the red mark on your starboard side. The rest of the world is opposite of that. This came about in 1980 by rules set by the IALA. See the link for a great explanation. http://navipedia.pl/en/naviaidsiala.htmlmark t · 5 years ago6 3 Comment As most have said the answer all depends on where you are. Within the UK and Europe the actual wording is, When going against the main stream of flood a red, Port hand buoy, should be kept on the mariners port side. The direction of the main stream of flood is important as in the English Channel and North sea and waters around the UK the flood is in various directions."
},
{
"docid": "D2225808#0",
"title": "https://www.thoughtco.com/know-the-parts-of-your-boat-2747352\nKnow Your Boat: Common Terms for Location, Position, and Direction",
"text": "Arts, Music, and Recreation ›Hobbies & Activities Know Your Boat: Common Terms for Location, Position, and Direction5 Common Boating Terms All Mariners Should Know Share Flipboard Email Printby Ericka Watson Updated August 09, 2017If you aren't familiar with common boating terms, mariners can seem to speak a foreign language at times. That's because, like any other job or sport, there are specific terms they use. Following are some common terms used to describe location, position, and direction aboard a boat. Knowing these terms will help you better communicate with persons aboard your boat and fellow mariners.01of 05Bow and Stern Hans Neleman / Getty Images The front end of a boat is the bow. When you move toward the bow, it is called going forward. The rear of a boat is the stern. When you move toward the stern, you are going aft. When a boat is moving, either by power or sail, it is called being underway. A boat moving forward is moving ahead. When the boat moves backward, it is going astern .02of 05Port and Starboard If you are standing in the rear of the boat looking forward, the entire right side of the boat is the starboard side; the entire left side is the port side."
},
{
"docid": "D2470991#0",
"title": "http://powerboat.about.com/od/smallboatseamanship/tp/Boating-Definitions.htm\nKnow Your Boat: Common Terms for Location, Position, and Direction",
"text": "Arts, Music, and Recreation ›Hobbies & Activities Know Your Boat: Common Terms for Location, Position, and Direction5 Common Boating Terms All Mariners Should Know Share Flipboard Email Printby Ericka Watson Updated August 09, 2017If you aren't familiar with common boating terms, mariners can seem to speak a foreign language at times. That's because, like any other job or sport, there are specific terms they use. Following are some common terms used to describe location, position, and direction aboard a boat. Knowing these terms will help you better communicate with persons aboard your boat and fellow mariners.01of 05Bow and Stern Hans Neleman / Getty Images The front end of a boat is the bow. When you move toward the bow, it is called going forward. The rear of a boat is the stern. When you move toward the stern, you are going aft. When a boat is moving, either by power or sail, it is called being underway. A boat moving forward is moving ahead. When the boat moves backward, it is going astern .02of 05Port and Starboard If you are standing in the rear of the boat looking forward, the entire right side of the boat is the starboard side; the entire left side is the port side."
},
{
"docid": "D2528644#0",
"title": "https://aceboater.com/en/starboard-port-side-definition\nStarboard & Port",
"text": "\"Starboard & Port Port side The left side of a pleasure craft looking forward (the bow)Starboard side The right side of a pleasure craft when looking forward. A trick to remember which side port and starboard each refer to: The common abbreviation P. S. (for English postscript, derived from Latin post scriptum) can be viewed as port (\"\"left\"\") and starboard (\"\"right\"\"). What color is port? Answer is quite simple, Port is left What color is starboard? So, starboard is right Another trick to remember it: It is quite simple. There are four letters in the words PORT and LEFT so you can easily remember that the left side of a boat is the port side. If you liked this page, you could also like these ones: What color is displayed on the starboard side of a boat? Port hand buoy Starboard hand buoy Back to the safe boating course review \""
},
{
"docid": "D3330523#0",
"title": "https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/port-starboard.html\n\"Why do ships use \"\"port\"\" and \"\"starboard\"\" instead of \"\"left\"\" and \"\"right?\"\"\"",
"text": "\"Why do ships use \"\"port\"\" and \"\"starboard\"\" instead of \"\"left\"\" and \"\"right? \"\" Unlike left and right, \"\"port\"\" and \"\"starboard\"\" refer to fixed locations on a vessel. Port side of NOAA Ship Fairweather. Since port and starboard never change, they are unambiguous references that are independent of a mariner’s orientation, and, thus, mariners use these nautical terms instead of left and right to avoid confusion. When looking forward, toward the bow of a ship, port and starboard refer to the left and right sides, respectively. In the early days of boating, before ships had rudders on their centerlines, boats were controlled using a steering oar. Most sailors were right handed, so the steering oar was placed over or through the right side of the stern. Sailors began calling the right side the steering side, which soon became \"\"starboard\"\" by combining two Old English words: stéor (meaning \"\"steer\"\") and bord (meaning \"\"the side of a boat\"\"). As the size of boats grew, so did the steering oar, making it much easier to tie a boat up to a dock on the side opposite the oar. This side became known as larboard, or \"\"the loading side.\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D2528645#0",
"title": "https://www.boatcoversdirect.com/help/origin-of-the-terms-port-and-starboard\n\"Origin of the Terms \"\"Port\"\" and \"\"Starboard\"\"\"",
"text": "We are often asked- “What side of the boat is the port and which side is the starboard? What do these terms mean?”The term “port”, or the left hand side of the boat when standing on board facing the bow, is a nautical term that comes from the Middle-English term ladeboard. When docking and mooring ships on the left side, this was shouted by the sailors in order to prevent the steering oar on the right from being crushed. The starboard of a boat, or the right side, comes from the Old English term steorbord, which literally means the side on which the ship is steered. Before ships had rudders, they were steered with a steering oar located at the back of the ship and soon came to be known as the steer-board side. Since more sailors were right-handed than left-handed, it made more sense to have the oar fixed to the right side of the ship. The term larboard was easily confused with steorbord when shouted in the wind and the word port came to replace it soon after. If two vessels should approach each other, they should alter course to pass on the port side, much like the rules of the road, unless otherwise communicated. A few other common boating terms to know are: The gunnel, or gunwale, is the top of the sides of the boat. The front of the boat is called the bow and the back is called the transom."
}
] |
8323 | which term means disease producing? | [
{
"docid": "D1710798#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_term_for_disease_producing\nWhat diseases do bacilli produce?",
"text": "\"David (Lyme) Larson (Now) 15 Contributions The most advanced protocols and on information on fighting Lyme Disease What diseases do bacilli produce? Most cases, isolated Bacillus bacteremia is not a particularlyserious disease. Endocarditis can occur, but apparently followsbacteremia only infrequently. When these bacteria …Drsugathan 1,046 Contributions What is the medical term meaning disease-producing agent? Pathogen Cher1058 2,732 Contributions Medical term meaning condition of producing disease? Pathology Medical term for condition of producing disease? Pathogen or pathogenesis. What is the medical term meaning specialist in the study of disease and the changes it produces in the cells fluids and processes of the entire body?pathologist What is the medical term meaning progressive disease that occurs when adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol? Addison's disease I think it is Addison's disease What produces an autoimmune disease? Lack of eating the right material your body needs."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D169190#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allopathic_medicine\nAllopathic medicine",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Allopathic medicine is an expression commonly used in India [1] [ not in citation given] and other countries like Ghana [ citation needed] and Korea [ citation needed] to refer to modern systems of medicine. [ 1] The term is also used by homeopaths and proponents of other forms of alternative medicine to refer to mainstream medical use of pharmacologically active agents or physical interventions to treat or suppress symptoms or pathophysiologic processes of diseases or conditions. [ 2] The expression was coined in 1810 by the creator of homeopathy, Samuel Hahnemann (1755–1843). [ 3] In such circles, the expression \"\"allopathic medicine\"\" is still used to refer to \"\"the broad category of medical practice that is sometimes called Western medicine, biomedicine, evidence-based medicine, or modern medicine\"\" (see the article on scientific medicine ). [ 4]Contents [ hide ]1 Etymology2 History3 Current4 References Etymology [ edit]Allopathic medicine and allopathy (from the Greek prefix ἄλλος, állos, \"\"other\"\", \"\"different\"\" + the suffix πάϑος, páthos, \"\"suffering\"\") are terms coined in the early 19th century [5] by Samuel Hahnemann, [3] [6] the founder of homeopathy, as a synonym for mainstream medicine. History [ edit]The practice of medicine in both Europe and North America during the early 19th century is sometimes referred to as heroic medicine because of the extreme measures (such as bloodletting) sometimes employed in an effort to treat diseases. [ 7] The term allopath was used by Hahnemann and other early homeopaths to highlight the difference they perceived between homeopathy and the medicine of that time. With the term allopathy (meaning \"\"other than the disease\"\"), Hahnemann intended to point out how physicians with conventional training employed therapeutic approaches that, in his view, merely treated symptoms and failed to address the disharmony produced by the underlying disease. [ clarification needed] Homeopaths saw such symptomatic treatments as \"\"opposites treating opposites\"\" and believed these conventional methods were harmful to patients. [ 3]Practitioners of alternative medicine have used the term \"\"allopathic medicine\"\" to refer to the practice of conventional medicine in both Europe and the United States since the 19th century."
},
{
"docid": "D2300140#0",
"title": "http://www.thebody.com/content/art12696.html\nFrom AZT to ZDV, a Glossary for People With HIV",
"text": "\"Email Print-Friendly Glossary Pull Out and Save From AZT to ZDV, a Glossary for People With HIVFrom San Francisco General Hospital December 1997A note from The Body.com: The field of medicine is constantly evolving. As a result, parts of this article may be outdated. Please keep this in mind, and be sure to visit other parts of our site for more recent information!Especially at the beginning, the specialized language of HIV disease can be confusing -- and that confusion can lead to misinterpretation of specific instructions, missed doses of specified drugs, and miscommunication between patients and their care-providers. The best way to prevent such mix-ups is to familiarize yourself with the abbreviations and acronyms, the symbols and shorthand terms, that are commonly used by healthcare professionals who take care of people with HIV. When your care-provider says, \"\"If your HIV RNA doesn't drop below 500 by the time we run your next labs, I think we'd better consider adding a PI to your d4T and 3TC to boost your CD4s and prevent OIs,\"\" that care-provider knows exactly what he or she is saying. Do you? If you aren't absolutely certain what all those letters and numbers mean, you aren't in a position to make fully informed decisions about the care you are receiving. And you should be. In our very first issue, Dr. Paul Volberding, the Editor-in Chief of AIDS Care, observed that \"\"successful long-term care of people with HIV infection requires full cooperation and open communication, conscientiousness and compassion -- on all sides.\"\" That sort of cooperation -- and that level of communication -- are only possible when everyone involved in the process is speaking the same language."
},
{
"docid": "D3343308#0",
"title": "http://www.pipingnews.com/fda%20Definitions.htm\n.",
"text": "\"TERMINOLOGY & DEFINITIONSIn some cases (too many, to be more candid) the definition of various terms are misunderstood or misconstrued by a designer or engineer because they didn't have access, or didn't bother, to look into their true meaning. In too many cases a designer or engineer will carry with them the wrong assumption of what various terms mean. Depending on the term and your position on a project it could be a very detrimental assumption. What we hope to provide here is a clear understanding of some of the terminology you may come across from time to time in your work. FDA Definitions As defined or adopted by the FDAAacceptance criteria: The specifications and acceptance/rejection criteria, such as acceptable quality level and unacceptable quality level, with an associated sampling plan that are necessary for making a decision to accept or reject a lot or batch of raw material, intermediate, packaging material, or active pharmaceutical ingredient. This term can also be applied to validation. Act: The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended (21 U. S. C. 301 et seq. ) .actual yield: The quantity that is actually produced at any appropriate phase of manufacture, processing, or packing of a particular API or intermediate.active ingredient: Any component that is intended to furnish pharmacological activity or other direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, or to effect the structure or any function of the body of man or other animals. The term includes those components that may undergo chemical change in the manufacture of the drug product and be present in the drug product in a modified form intended to furnish the specified activity or effect. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API): Any substance that is represented for use in a drug and that, when used in the manufacturing, processing, or packaging of a drug, becomes an active ingredient or a finished dosage form of the drug."
},
{
"docid": "D2334863#0",
"title": "http://www.momjunction.com/articles/serious-signs-symptoms-of-anemia-in-toddlers_0092515/\nIron-Deficiency Anemia In Toddlers: Causes, Symptoms And Treatment",
"text": "Home » Toddler » Safety Iron-Deficiency Anemia In Toddlers: Causes, Symptoms And Treatment Rohit Garoo March 23, 2018Image: Shutterstock What is anemia in toddlers? What causes anemia in toddlers? Toddlers at risk of anemia What are signs of anemia in toddlers? How is anemia in toddlers diagnosed? How is anemia in toddlers treated? Long-term effects of anemia How to prevent anemia in toddlers? Anemia is one of the leading health issues in childhood. It interferes with the toddler’s healthy growth while leading to conditions such as extreme lethargy and weakness. Anemia can cause severe long-term repercussions, and therefore, it is essential for parents to understand the problem and act promptly. Mom Junction guides you through every aspect of the anemia in toddlers, its treatment, and prevention methods."
},
{
"docid": "D1107385#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosology\nNosology",
"text": "\"Nosology From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( January 2010) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Nosology (from Ancient Greek νόσος (nosos), meaning 'disease', and - λογία (-logia), meaning 'study of-') is a classification scheme used in medicine to classify diseases. Contents [ hide ]1 Types of classification2 Coding systems3 Extended nosology and general medical conditions4 History5 Applications6 See also7 References8 External links Types of classification [ edit]Diseases may be classified by cause, pathogenesis ( mechanism by which the disease is caused), or by symptom (s). Alternatively, diseases may be classified according to the organ system involved, though this is often complicated since many diseases affect more than one organ. A chief difficulty in nosology is that diseases often cannot be defined and classified clearly, especially when cause or pathogenesis are unknown. Thus diagnostic terms often only reflect a symptom or set of symptoms ( syndrome ). Traditionally diseases were defined as syndromes by their symptoms. When more information is available, they are also defined by the damage they produce."
},
{
"docid": "D2385053#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/39879251/med-terms-14-flash-cards/\nMed Terms 14",
"text": "\"158 terms Hil Rowe Med Terms 14Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Which of the following substances acts as an electrolyte? sodium Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood glucose? insulin Which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal medulla during a crisis situation? epinephrine Which hormone initiates labor during childbirth? oxytocin The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is also called the adenohypophysis The \"\"master gland\"\" that regulates other glands is called the pituitary Which of the following glands regulates metabolism? thyroid Insulin is produced by the pancreas Which of the following substances is an electrolyte? potassium A state of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body is called homeostasis The four parathyroid glands are located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland The primary source of energy for living organisms is glucose The pituitary hormone that promotes lactation following childbirth is called prolactin Cells that respond to the effects of a hormone are called target cells The CF adren/o means adrenal glands The CF calc/o means calcium The CF crin/o means secrete The CF glyc/o means sugar, sweetness The CF home/o means same, alike The CF kal/i means potassium (an electrolyte)The CF pancreat/o means pancreas The CF thyr/o means thyroid gland The CF toxic/o means poison The suffix -gen means forming, producing, origin The suffix -emia means blood condition The prefix exo- means outside, outward The prefix micro- means small The prefix eu- means good, normal The prefix poly- means many, much Hypersecretion of cortisol by adrenal cortex causes cushing syndrome Exophthalmos is a disorder caused by hypersecretion of T3 and T4 from the thyroid gland Which of the following disorders is caused by hypersecretion of thyroxine? graves disease What term describes an excessive growth of body hair, especially in women?"
},
{
"docid": "D1808408#0",
"title": "http://www.nzord.org.nz/research/modern_biotechnology/genetic_modification_in_medicine\nModern biotechnology",
"text": "Modern biotechnology What is it and what is new? Biotechnology is a descriptive term that covers a range of scientific tools which use living things to solve problems and make products. In the context of health and disability issues, this term covers many procedures that have existed for decades, including heart and kidney transplantation, blood transfusion, skin grafts, enzyme replacement therapy and bone marrow transplantation. Recent developments in understanding the structure and function of DNA and genes, and the way in which cells grow and develop in the body, have led to a number of conceptual ideas about how new techniques in biotechnology may be applied to various diseases or disabilities. Some of these newer techniques are described in this section. Our section on the medical uses of biotechnology gives some actual and some potential uses for the prevention and control of disease and disability. Read on for NZORD’s brief explanations of gene therapy, xeno-transplantation, cloning and stem cell technology, and genetic modification in medicine. To round out the whole picture, read our comments on The Human Genome Project which has acted as a catalyst to speed up the potential of these technologies. Medical uses of biotechnology Some of the things genome knowledge and modern biotechnology make technically possible for human health and disability: In testing New tests to confirm a diagnosis of a disease or disability. This means being able to accurately tell if the person has a particular condition or not."
},
{
"docid": "D805238#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_does_the_word_endocrine_means\nWhat does the word endocrine means?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Biology Human Anatomy and Physiology What does the word endocrine means? Flag What does the word endocrine means? Edit Answer by Anatomy James Confidence votes 6.8KEndocrine is a word usually used in refference to hormones. It means a sudstance that is produced and sent around the body in the blood. And example of an endocrine hormone is adrenaline/epinephrine which is involved in the autonomic nervous response. The opposite of endocrine is exocrine meaning th substance is delivered to its target withough getting into the blood.5 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Purpose of endocrine system? The purpose of the Endocrine System is to produce, store, and secrete hormones. Hope this helps! ;) Edit What is a disease of the endocrine system?"
},
{
"docid": "D3361554#0",
"title": "https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/med-term-ch-6/deck/13808119\n.",
"text": "surface elevations of the tongue that perceive taste are calledpapillaebile is produced in theliverthe strucutre that lies beneath the hard enamel surface of the tooth is called thedentinthe liver, gallbladeer, and pancreas play a vital role indigestion and absorption of nutrientswhat is an important function of the livermaintains glucose levels in the bloodwhat section of the large intestine is associated with the appendixcecumwhat section of the large intestine is associated with the liverwhich structure has respiratory and digestive functionsthe lower esophagal sphincter is also known as thefingerlike projections in the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream are calledwhich is an accessory organ of digestionthe progressive, wavelike movement that occurs involuntraily in hollow tubes of the body ismucosal folds in the stomach wall are calledblood proteins, such as prothrombin, are produced by thewhen bile is needed for digestion, the gallbladder releases it into the duodenum through theproct/o meanscholecyst/o meanscholedoch/ocol/o and colon/oor/o and stomat/oodont/ocholangi/ochol/e-emesis-prandial-pepsia-orexia-rrheadia-peri-does the term congenital hernia meanwhen the blood supply to a herniated structure is cut off, the hernia is said to bean ulcer that produces a hole in the stomach wall is known as what kind of ulcergeneral lack of nutrition and wasting occurring in the couse of a chronic disease is calledwhich term means foul-smelling breaththe word eupepsia refers toirritable bowel syndrome is also known asdifficult or painful swallowing is calledwhat is the disorder that causes telescoping of the intestinedownward displacement of internal organs is calledprotrusion of an organ through the wall that normally contains it is calledwhat is a life-threatening obstruction in which the bowel twists on itselfa gastric ulcer is known asloss of appetite is also calledan accumulation of serous fluid in teh abdominal cavity is calleda condition of stones in the common bile duct is calledchronic inflammatino of the intestinal tract is calledblack tarry stool is calledjaundice is caused by excessive levels ofwhich is a term that means stricture or narrowing of the rectumcrohn disease is a bowel disorder that is also known asacute gastritis or peptic ulcer may causewhich of the following diseases is transmitted by infected bloodbleeding gum is primary symptom ofinflammation of the lips is calledsurgical connection of two tubular structures is calledwhat is the term for a group of procedures used to treat morbid obesitysuture of the second portion of the small intestine is known aswhat is the term for the diagnostic procedure to examine the rectum and the anal canalwhat instrument is used to perform a lower GI endoscopystructural abnormalities of the esophagus may be diagnosed by endoscopy of thewhat is an imaging technique that uses high frequency sound waves to produce an image of the liver, gallbladder, or pancreaswhich instrument is used to perform a gastroscopythe procedure that takes radiographic images of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast medium is calledwhich of the following specialists is correctly matched with the procedures they performan imaging technique that uses a contrast medium to reveal gallstones or other obstruction in the bile ducts is calledwhich test identifies microorganisms or parasites present in fecesgastroplasty is a type of surgery to treatwhich test detects the presence of occult blood in fecesthe endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine is calledwhich blood test is used to confirm the specific virus causing hepatitiswhich endoscopic procedure is used to determine the presence of polyps in the colonwhich laboratory test is used to establish cirrhosis associated with heavy alcohol usewhich physician specializes in treatment of the gumswhich medical specialty is concerned with digestive disorderswhich nonivasive procedure uses shock waves to break up stones in the biliary ductsbackflow of gastric contents into the esophagus is abbreviated aswhich abbreviation means pertaining to the stomach and intestinemetamucil is used to treatantiemetics are prescribed tothe route of nutrition or medication adminisered through a tube inserted through the nose and into the stomach is charted aswhich medication is administered to control nausea and vomitingwhich medication is administered to control heartburn and acid refluxa series of radiographic images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine is abbreviated asan mri that visualizes the biliary and pancreatic ducts and gallbladder is abbreviated asthe blood test that evaluates liver injury and function is abbreviated as Steatorrhea is another term for fatty stools. Incontinence is the inability to control bowel movements. Melena refers to light-colored feces that contain pus. Cirrhosis is a chronic pancreatic disease. Obstipation is the term for severe constipation. Crohn disease is also known as regional enteritis. Cachexia is a disorder in which a person gains excessive weight. Colorectal cancer usually arises from the epithelial lining of the large intestine. Peptic ulcer disease may occur in the sigmoid colon. Proctoplasty is the surgical repair of the rectum."
},
{
"docid": "D3334927#0",
"title": "http://www.gwhizmobile.com/Desktop/CatalogDetail.php?key=0AnJMiSlW4Fw1dFNIM0pYVFB3TGtwVmFKdWxidS0zbXc&action=view&title=final%20exam\n.",
"text": "final exam Rate this data set: Pointing the toes downward is called: plantar flexion Which of the following type of muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs? visceral Which of the following involves obtaining fluid from a joint in order to examine it to make a diagnosis? arthrocentesis Which bone is NOT part of the os coxae? coccyx Which of the following diagnostic procedures is used to detect osteoporosis? dual-energy absorbtiometry Which type of bones is roughly as long as they are wide? short In which type of fracture is the bone shattered? comminuted fracture The external oblique muscle is named due to its: fiber direction Which of the following is a reason for performing an amputation? all of the above Braces or splints used to prevent or correct deformities are called: orthotics Movement from the midline of the body is called: abduction Vertebrae are an example of what type of bone? irregular Which of the following abbreviations is a pathological condition MDSynovial joints are enclosed by an elastic: joint capsule The end of a long bone is covered by: articular cartilege Which of the following terms is misspelled? mandibuler Which of the following abbreviations stands for a surgical procedure?"
},
{
"docid": "D1729448#0",
"title": "http://www.schizophrenia.com/research/chap07.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Schizophrenia as a Model of Dopamine Disfunction ( Excerpted from Drugs, Brains and Behavior - by Timmons and Hamilton)A. INTRODUCTION B. CLASSIFICATION OF SCHIZOPHRENIA C. EVIDENCE FOR BIOLOGICAL BASES OF SCHIZOPHRENIADistribution of Occurrence Genetic Patterns Drug Effects and Schizophrenia D. BIOLOGICAL MODELS OF SCHIZOPHRENIASearching for a Chemical Label The DBH Model Rationale DBH as a rate limiter Other Dopamine Models Metabolic pathway theories Receptor theories Endorphin contributions The dynamic synapse Movement Disorders E. SUMMARYPrinciples Terms Return to main Table of Contents of The Text Book SCHIZOPHRENIA AS A MODEL OF DOPAMINE DYSFUNCTIONA. INTRODUCTIONOne of the defining characteristics of advanced organisms is the ability to make flexible, yet adaptive responses to environmental stimuli. These stimuli may arise from within the organism or impinge upon it from the outside. The resulting myriad of stimuli ranges in salience from the barely noticeable to the intense. The stimuli in the intense range are usually considered to be biologically significant, whether they originate within the organism or are encountered in the outside environment. At any given moment, the organism is likely to be faced with many stimuli that could be acted upon, but in reality only a few become the targets of behavior. Psychologists have conceptualized this process as a system of drives and rewards. The particular combination of stimuli that arises from the outside world and from the physiology of the organism triggers brain activity that has two major effects: It energizes behavior and directs behavior. For example, if an individual has gone for several hours without food, the stimuli arising from inside the body produce an effect which can be labeled hunger. These stimuli may be intensified by external cues such as the position of the hands on a clock, a television advertisement for junk food, or other food related items."
},
{
"docid": "D3483329#0",
"title": "http://www.homeoint.org/cazalet/oldnames.htm\nA",
"text": "\"Old Disease Names By Sylvain Cazalet This is a glossary of terms used to describe diseases in times gone by. I have generally, but not invariably, omitted terms that can be found in a modern medical dictionary. I have also included a few terms that appear in Bills of Mortality that are not strictly diseases. ( 1)A * B * C * D * E * F * G * H * I * J * K * L * M * N * O * P * Q * R * S * T * U * V * W * X * Y * ZAAbasia: Hysterical inability to walk or stand. Abdominal Angina: Term used to describe recurrent, severe and sudden abdominal pain in the elderly. It is used today to mean pain resulting from a poor blood supply to the bowel but in the past it could also mean diverticular disease/diverticulosis. Abdominal Phthisis: Tuberculosis of the abdominal lymph nodes. Ablepsy: Blindness. Abortus Fever: Brucellosis. Acetabulum: Hip Socket."
},
{
"docid": "D2371877#0",
"title": "http://www.dogzhealth.com/cushings-disease-in-dogs.html\nCushings Disease in Dogs",
"text": "October 19, 2017 by dogzadmin 873 0C ushings disease in dogs (hyperadrenocorticism) is a condition commonly caused by excessive long-term exposure to the hormone corticosteroids. Read this page to find out more about the symptoms, other underlying causes, and treatment of canine Cushing’s disease. The two small adrenal glands are located just above each kidney. The cortex (outer layer) of the adrenal glands produce and release corticosteroids. The production and release of corticosteroids by the adrenal glands is controlled by the pituitary gland (a small gland which is located at the base of the brain), through the production of a hormone called adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). There are two types of corticosteroids – mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. These are very important hormones – mineralocorticoids regulate electrolyte concentrations, and glucocorticoids reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. The level of corticosteroid concentration in the body depends on the need at the time. Normally, the hormones are released by the body into the bloodstream when the dog is under some form of physical or mental stress. For example, when a dog is not well or is put under a stressful situation, the production and release of corticosteroids will be increased."
},
{
"docid": "D27858#0",
"title": "http://www.thebodypro.com/content/art4978.html\nCo-Receptors: CCR5 -- Understanding HIV",
"text": "\"Email Print-Friendly PDFCo-Receptors: CCR5 -- Understanding HIVFrom Project Inform January 2003This article is part of The Body PRO's archive. Because it contains information that may no longer be accurate, this article should only be considered a historical document. Table of Contents CCR5 and Fusin Co-Receptors for HIVDifferences Between CCR5 and Fusin Chemokines Clinical Implications The Continuing Saga Commentary on Co-Receptors The Bottom Line CCR5 and Fusin Co-Receptors for HIVTwo new proteins found on immune cells, CCR5 and fusin (also known as CXCR4), play a key role in understanding how HIV infects cells. Though these discoveries may not have immediate impact on people with HIV, they may lead to important advances in HIV treatment, prevention and research in the future. One way HIV disables the immune system is by infecting and destroying CD4+ T-cells. These cells are critical in managing immune responses and when they are depleted, immune defenses are weakened. When HIV and other pathogens enter the body, CD4+ cells, operating through a network of chemical interactions, instruct other cells to disable the invading organisms. HIV actually attaches to the CD4+ protein on the surface of these and other cells to gain entry. CD4+ can be likened to a doorway that HIV uses to enter the inner compartments of the cell. However, experiments in test tubes suggest that the CD4+ protein alone is not enough to allow viral entry into cells."
},
{
"docid": "D1618792#0",
"title": "https://www.coursehero.com/tutors-problems/Nursing/9134679-The-suffix-in-the-term-phleboplasty-is-which-means-/\nThe suffix in the term phleboplasty is ________, which means ___________. plasty, surgical repair plasty, process of visual examination sty, surgical...",
"text": "View the step-by-step solution to: The suffix in the term phleboplasty is ________, which means ___________. plasty, surgical repair plasty, process of visual examination sty, surgical... The suffix in the term phleboplasty is ________, which means ___________.plasty, surgical repairplasty, process of visual examinationsty, surgical repairplasty, enlargement2. Radiotherapy is:diagnostic imaging using x-rays, magnetic waves, or ultrasoundchemotherapy done in the hospital setting using radiology equipmentuse of radiation to kill tumor cellssurgical repair with microscopic radiographic imaging3. The suffix in the term nephromegaly is ________, which means ___________.aly, condition ofaly, pertaining tomegaly, enlargementmegaly, condition of the blood4. The suffix in the term hepatoma is ________, which means ___________.aoma, enlargementatoma, atom-likeatoma, tumor or massoma, tumor or mass5. In the term lymphadenopathy, a word part that means gland is:lymph/ophaden/oaden/oden/o6. The suffix in the term pneumonia is ________, which means ___________.ia, diseaseia, inflammationia, condition or diseasenia, condition or disease7. The suffix in the term cholecystectomy is _____, which means _____.tomy, removaltomy, incisionectomy, removalectomy, creation of an opening8. Mrs. Sharp questioned her physician about the procedure planned for her husband. Her husband's vessels were to be repaired."
},
{
"docid": "D1420011#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/87009194/med-100-flash-cards/\nMed 100",
"text": "\"98 terms chrystal_case Med 100Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Kidney What does the root of the word nephrectomy refer to Nephreology The medical specialty that relates to disease of the kidney Excretion What is the term for the removal of metabolic waste Amino acids Which of the following is Not considered metabolic waste Ammonia This is produced when amino acid is broken down Bladder The hollow sac that holds fluids is the Loop of henle Which of the following refers to the kidney Around In the term peri tubular, what does the prefix mean Pertaining to What does the suffix in the word Nitrogenous mean Cortex Outer layer of an organ Left Kidney The organ located on one side of the vertebral column, behind the peritoneum and the spleen and against the deep muscles of the back Cortices The plural of the term Cortex Kidney The root of the word renal Maintain CSF Which is not a function of the kidneys Glomerulus What is the medical term for a plexus of capillaries in the nephron Urea What is the end product of nitrogen metabolism Renal artery Which vessel carries waste-laden blood to the kidney Filtration What is the process by which excess water and waste products are removed from the blood Hilum What is the medical term for the part of an organ where vessels and nerves enter and leave TIA A short-term stroke with symptoms lasting less than 24 hours is abbreviated as Hemiplegia A condition involving paralysis of one side of the body The disease is chronic, progressive and irreversible Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia. Which of the following statements best describes a patient with this condition Paresthesia Which of the following words forms the plural by adding \"\"s\"\"Arachnoidmater Has a word element meaning cobweb or spider Dementia Word containing a prefix,root,and suffix refers to a condition involving the chronic progressive and irreversible loss of the mind's cognitive and intellectual functions Oculomotor The cranial nerve that moves the eye Cranial Pertaining to the skull Neck The word Cervical means pertaining to the TPA A Thrombolytic Agent is abbreviated as Hard fibrous outer layer meninges The Dura Mater Relationship to low levels of oxygen in the brain Statement that best describes a child with CPQuadriplegia A person who is paralyzed in All Four Limbs Athetosis Means Slow, writhing, involuntary movements Ataxia Means inability to coordinate muscle activity leading to jerky movements Mono neuropathy Effecting a single nerve Encephalopathy Disease involving the brain Consciousness The C in LOC means Brachytherapy Has a prefix meaning short CJD & BSE Prions are linked to the following diseases Aura Sensory experience preceding an epileptic seizure or a migraine headache Intramuscular Which word elements complete the term that means Pertaining to within a muscle Red rash on central part of the face Symptoms of Rosacea Papule Means small,circumscribed elevation on the skin Tineapedis/Candida Example of fungal infections of the skin Pressure that cuts off blood supply What is the cause of Decubitus Ulcers Allergy Hypersensitive to an allergen Psoriasis Red rash with flakey patches and silver scales Alopecia Means a Partial or Complete loss of Hair, either naturally or from medications Vesicle Means Small blister containing fluid Burnt dead tissue laying upon top of 3rd degree burns Eschar Nail What does the root in the term Paronychia mean Lice Osis-suffix In the term pediculosis, identify the root and the suffix and the correct meaning of the term Impetigo Which term is derived from a Latin word meaning scabby eruption and refers to an Infection of the skin producing thick, yellow crusts Butterfly red rash above an across the bridge of the nose Which of the following sets of signs and symptoms is most likely to indicate that a patient has Systemic Lupus Erythematosous (SLE)Hardening and shrinking of the skin Which of the following sets of signs and symptoms is most likely to indicate that a patient has Sceroderma Prefix- an-means without Suffix- ic- means pertaining to Root- Esthet-means sensation For the term Anesthetic,choose the prefix,suffix and root and the correct meaning for each Prefix-anti-means against Suffix-ic-means pertaining to Root-Prurit-means itchy For the term Antipruritic,choose the prefix,suffix and the root and the correct meanings for each Inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands The best definition for the term Acne Comedones The plural form of the term Comedo Esthetician A therapist who enhances the beauty of the skin Cholestatoma Which of the following conditions is a Complication of Chronic OME and requires surgery Otosclerosis A condition where Spongy bone forms around the junction of the stapes and oval window,preventing the stapes from conducting the sound vibrations to the inner ear that causes loss of hearing Paroxysmal A patient reports dizziness that begins and goes away suddenly with no warning Tinnitus The medical term that best describes a Persistent ringing,whistling,clicking or booming noise in the ears Cochlea Which of the following words is derived from the Latin meaning Snail Shell Blaepharoptosis The medical term for Drooping of the upper eyelid due to excess skin Hordeolum Another name for Stye Paresis The medical term that means Partial Paralysis Strabismus The medical term which means Squinting or Cross-eyed Iris The colored portion of the eye Near sidedness Another name for Myopia Pertaining to within the eye The term intraocular means Fixation In the term Cryopexy the suffix means Retinopathy A disease of the light-sensitive inner most layer of the eyeball Otoscope An instrument used to examine the ear Audiology They Study of hearing disorders AU The abbreviation which means Both Ears Simicocular canals The organ of balance in the ear Vertigo-tinist and hearing loss Which of the following statements best describes Ménière's disease Optician A specialist who is licensed to make corrective lenses, adjust and repair glasses and fit contact lenses Tumor In the word Oncology, the root/combining form means Neoplasm Which of the following words means Pertaining to a new growth or tumor Non malignant The word Benign means Cancer Which of the following words is derived from the Latin meaning Crab Neoplastic Which of the following words means Pertaining to a malignant neoplasm Monoclonal Which word containing a prefix, suffix and root means Derived from a single clone of cells Onocologist A medical specialist in the science dealing with cancer Infiltration Which of the following words means the Invasion into a tissue or cell Carcinogensis Which of the following words,meaning the Origin and development of cancer Tumor Means Any abnormal swelling Breast & prostate The 2 types of cancer which are most prevalent in the U. S. Proliferate Of the following words, which one has an element meaning Offspring Metastases & Metastasis The word meaning Transport of cancer cells through the bloodstream is And the plural is Malignant The word which means Capable of invading surrounding tissues and metastasizing to distant organs Malignant & melanoma Which of the following terms refers to a Cancerous tumor of pigment-producing skin cells Leukemia The Class of cancer that originates from blood-forming tissues CA The abbreviation for cancer Mesothelioma Which of the following words containing a prefix,suffix and root means Cancer arising from cells lining the pleural cavity \""
},
{
"docid": "D847049#0",
"title": "http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-definition/allopathic_medicine/\n.",
"text": "\"See also: Allopathy Allopathic medicine is term applied by homeopathists to the ordinary or traditional medical practice. Many medical dictionaries define the term allopathic medicine as the treatment of disease using conventional medical therapies, as opposed the use of alternative medical or non-conventional therapies. [ 1] [2]The term was coined during a contentious, 19th-century debate between practioners of homeopathic, and those they derisively referred to as \"\"allopaths.\"\" [ 3] More recently, \"\"allopathic\"\" has been applied to medical schools accredited by the American Medical Association (which bestow M. D. degrees), as opposed to \"\"osteopathic\"\" for those accredited by the American Osteopathic Association (which bestow D. O. degrees). See also: List of medical schools in the United States Contents1 Current usage of term2 History of term3 Other terms used by critics of conventional medicine4 See also5 References6 External links Current usage of term There is controversy surrounding the applicability of the term \"\"allopathy.\"\" Many people use the term neutrally, simply as a name for orthodox medicine when necessary to distinguish it from other medicinal paradigms. Others have used the term allopathy in a deprecatory manner. Medical dictionaries and general usage dictionaries also give varying accounts of the meaning of allopathy. Some dictionaries define allopathic medicine as conventional medicine. Stedman's Illustrated Medical Dictionary defines it as \"\" [r]egular medicine, the traditional form of medical practice.\"\" ["
},
{
"docid": "D1508665#0",
"title": "http://abc.herbalgram.org/site/PageServer?pagename=Terminology\nTerminology",
"text": "\"Terminology Understanding terms or words commonly used in herbal literature provides a basic foundation for people new to herbs and reinforces the basics for those with some experience with herbal medicine. The following terminology categories offer a comprehensive understanding of herbal medicine’s role in healthcare. Healthcare Systems: Lists the basic theory or school of thought underlying healthcare systems throughout the world. Some systems include herbal medicine as an approach. Approaches: Lists a few approaches applied to various healthcare systems that use medicinal plants or plant-derived preparations. General Herbal Terms: Lists some common terms used when discussing or learning about herbal medicine. Plant Parts: Lists the crude drug or phytopharmaceutical names that describe the part of the plant that is used in the herbal preparation. This name is not always synonymous with the botanical description of that plant part. Preparations: Describes various plant preparations used to make herbal products both at home and for the marketplace. Medical Terminology: Lists words with medicinal actions or that are referred to in medicine in order to provide a better understanding of the proper use of the herbs and under what conditions they might be employed."
},
{
"docid": "D1390179#0",
"title": "http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dons/part_2/chapter_12.html\nChapter 12 - Evaluation of the Patient with Weakness",
"text": "\"On this page History in the weak patient Examination in the weak patient Laboratory testing in the weak patient Specific causes of weakness Summary Reference Chapter 12 - Evaluation of the Patient with Weakness Introduction Weakness is a common presenting concern in neurology. This chapter will discuss the evaluation of the weak patient. It will build on the chapter on examination of the motor system ( Chapter 10) and will defer to the chapter on neuromuscular disorders ( Chapter 21) for detailed discussion of many of the conditions. The evaluation of the patient complaining of weakness must proceed in an orderly fashion. In the history, it is important to determine exactly what the patient means by \"\"weak\"\"; what are the specific muscle groups that are weak; whether there are associated findings with the weakness; and what has been the timing of onset of the weakness. Additionally, family history, the presence or absence of systemic signs and symptoms and the association of the weakness with other symptoms (such as pain) are relevant. Additionally, information about exposure to medications or toxins and potential exposure to infectious agents may be relevant. The examination can be helpful in determining whether the weakness is of upper or lower motor neurons or whether disease of the myoneural junction or of the muscles is present. Specialized testing, such as laboratory tests and electrodiagnostic testing may be of use in confirming the level of damage and focusing on an etiologic diagnosis. History What does the patient mean by “weakness?”"
},
{
"docid": "D485446#0",
"title": "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/diabetes\nDiabetes: Symptoms, causes, and treatments",
"text": "\"Newsletter MNT - Hourly Medical News Since 2003Search Log in Newsletter MNT - Hourly Medical News Since 2003Search Login Diabetes: Symptoms, causes, and treatments By The MNT Editorial Team Last updated Thu 5 January 2017What is diabetes? Diabetes Symptoms Statistics, Facts & Myths Diagnosis of Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Complications What is Insulin? Discovery of Insulin Famous Diabetics Treatments for Diabetes Self Monitoring Food Planning Exercise Hypoglycemia Hyperglycemia Taking Insulin Insulin Pumps Diabetes, often referred to by doctors as diabetes mellitus, describes a group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose (blood sugar), either because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both. Patients with high blood sugar will typically experience polyuria (frequent urination), they will become increasingly thirsty (polydipsia) and hungry (polyphagia). Fast facts on diabetes Here are some key points about diabetes. More detail and supporting information is in the main article. Diabetes is a long-term condition that causes high blood sugar levels. In 2013 it was estimated that over 382 million people throughout the world had diabetes ( Williams textbook of endocrinology ). Type 1 Diabetes - the body does not produce insulin. Approximately 10% of all diabetes cases are type 1."
}
] |
8324 | which term means enlargement of thyroid gland? | [
{
"docid": "D1675492#0",
"title": "https://www.healthtap.com/topics/which-term-means-enlargement-of-the-thyroid-gland\nTop 20 Doctor insights on: Which Term Means Enlargement Of The Thyroid Gland",
"text": "\"Top 20 Doctor insights on: Which Term Means Enlargement Of The Thyroid Gland Share Follow @Health Tap </> Embed Dr. Donald Colantino3 doctors agreed:1 Mild enlargement of the right thyroid lobe without discrete nodules. There is a homogeneous appearance to the echotexture of the thyroid gland. ???? Lobe enlarged: This should be of no significance if your thyroid hormone levels are all normal. There are no suspicious findings of benign or malignant growths. If you have further concerns a thyroidologist or endocrinologist would be best qualified to evaluate and advise you. ... Read more Get help from a doctor now ›Dr. John Landi Thyroid Gland (Definition)It is an endocrine gland which produces thyroxin hormone which controls the metabolism in every cell in the body. It produces 80 to 90%t4 and 10 to 20 %t3. These control rate of metabolism and affect the growth and rate of functions of many cells in the body it is ... Read more Board Certified,Get help from a real doctor now Continue Dr. Vered Lewy-Weiss2 Describe the function of the adrenal gland? Multifunctional: Very briefly, the adrenal gland can be divided between the cortex and medulla."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1936679#0",
"title": "http://www.emedicinehealth.com/thyroid_problems/page2_em.htm\nThyroid Problems",
"text": "\"Thyroid Problems Overview Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy Hyperthyroidism in Pregnancy Goiter in Pregnancy Postpartum Thyroid Disease Thyroid Problems Causes Hypothyroidism (Low Thyroid Hormone Level) Signs and Symptoms Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid) Signs and Symptoms Thyroid Nodules and Goiter Signs and Symptoms When to Seek Medical Care for Thyroid Problems Thyroid Problems Diagnosis Thyroid Problems Treatment and Medications Supplements and Remedies for Thyroid Disease Thyroid Surgery Follow-up Thyroid Problems Prevention Thyroid Problems Prognosis Thyroid Problems Overview Readers Comments 31 Share Your Story The thyroid gland is located on the front part of the neck below the thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple). The gland produces thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolic rate (how fast calories are consumed to produce energy). Thyroid hormones are important in regulating body energy, body temperature, the body's use of other hormones and vitamins, and the growth and maturation of body tissues. Diseases of the thyroid gland can result in either production of too much (overactive thyroid disease or hyperthyroidism ), too little (underactive thyroid disease or hypothyroidism) thyroid hormone, thyroid nodules, and/or goiter. Thyroid problems are much more common in women than in men. Production of thyroid hormones: The process of hormone synthesis begins in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus releases thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). The TRH travels through the venous plexus located in the pituitary stalk to the pituitary gland, also in the brain. In response, the pituitary gland then releases thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, also called thyrotropin) into the blood. The TSH travels to the thyroid gland and stimulates the thyroid to produce the two thyroid hormones, L-thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)."
},
{
"docid": "D1344160#0",
"title": "http://www.emedicinehealth.com/thyroid_problems/page16_em.htm\nThyroid Problems",
"text": "\"Thyroid Problems Overview Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy Hyperthyroidism in Pregnancy Goiter in Pregnancy Postpartum Thyroid Disease Thyroid Problems Causes Hypothyroidism (Low Thyroid Hormone Level) Signs and Symptoms Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid) Signs and Symptoms Thyroid Nodules and Goiter Signs and Symptoms When to Seek Medical Care for Thyroid Problems Thyroid Problems Diagnosis Thyroid Problems Treatment and Medications Supplements and Remedies for Thyroid Disease Thyroid Surgery Follow-up Thyroid Problems Prevention Thyroid Problems Prognosis Thyroid Problems Overview Readers Comments 31 Share Your Story The thyroid gland is located on the front part of the neck below the thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple). The gland produces thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolic rate (how fast calories are consumed to produce energy). Thyroid hormones are important in regulating body energy, body temperature, the body's use of other hormones and vitamins, and the growth and maturation of body tissues. Diseases of the thyroid gland can result in either production of too much (overactive thyroid disease or hyperthyroidism ), too little (underactive thyroid disease or hypothyroidism) thyroid hormone, thyroid nodules, and/or goiter. Thyroid problems are much more common in women than in men. Production of thyroid hormones: The process of hormone synthesis begins in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus releases thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). The TRH travels through the venous plexus located in the pituitary stalk to the pituitary gland, also in the brain. In response, the pituitary gland then releases thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, also called thyrotropin) into the blood. The TSH travels to the thyroid gland and stimulates the thyroid to produce the two thyroid hormones, L-thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)."
},
{
"docid": "D1582611#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/11614885/endocrine-system-chapter-13-flash-cards/\nENDOCRINE SYSTEM - Chapter 13",
"text": "\"270 terms acediaz ENDOCRINE SYSTEM - Chapter 13Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort ENDOCRINE SYSTEM the primary function of the endocrine system is to keep the body in homeostasis. It is composed of a network of ductless glands, which have rich blood supply that enables the hormones they produce to enter the blood stream directly and influence body functions. HORMONES are chemicals produced by glands that cause a specific effect at a TARGET. NERVOUS AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM work together like an interlocking supersystem to control many intricate activities of the body. PITUITARY GLAND or HYPOPHYSIS, is a pea-sized organ located at the base of the brain. It is known as the MASTER GLAND because it regulates many body activities and stimulates other glands to secrete their own specific hormones. Consists of the anterior and posterior lobe. ANTERIOR LOBE or ADENOHYPOPHYSIS, triggered by the action of the hypothalamus, produces at least 6 hormones. POSTERIOR LOBE or NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, stores and secretes two hormones produced by the hypothalamus: ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and OXYTOCIN. THYROID GLAND is the largest gland of the endocrine system."
},
{
"docid": "D1209884#0",
"title": "http://courses.washington.edu/conj/bess/thyroid/thyroid.html\nThyroid Disorders",
"text": "Thyroid Disorders Disorders of thyroid hormone secretion are second only to diabetes mellitus as the most common endocrine disorders. Throughout the world, the most common thyroid disorders are iodine deficiency disorders. In the United States and Canada, the use of iodized salt has largely eliminated iodine deficiency disorders, and the most common thyroid disorders are the autoimmune diseases Graves disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Iodine Deficiency Iodine is a trace mineral that is high in seafood, and is found in variable amounts in fruits and vegetables, depending on the iodine content of the local soil. In many parts of the world, the soils are naturally deficient in iodine, and iodine deficiency disorders and hypothyroidism will occur without iodine supplementation. Thyroid hormone has a crucial role in the development of the nervous system, being involved in the growth of synapses and the formation of myelin. Endemic cretinism is a disorder of cognitive development with reduced physical growth that occurs if thyroid hormone is deficient during gestation and early post-natal life. “ Endemic” means prevalent in a particular region. This disorder is entirely preventable by making sure that pregnant women have sufficient iodine in their diet to be euthyroid (having adequate thyroid hormone levels). The World Health Organization is actively working to reduce iodine deficiency by supplying iodized salt to communities, and developing effective monitoring programs."
},
{
"docid": "D2021707#0",
"title": "https://patient.info/in/health/goitre-thyroid-swelling\nGoitre Thyroid Swelling",
"text": "What is a goitre? Neck cross-section showing the thyroid gland A goitre is an enlarged thyroid gland. A goitre can mean that all the thyroid gland is swollen or enlarged, or one or more swellings or lumps develop in a part or parts of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is in the lower part of the front of the neck. It lies just in front of the windpipe (trachea). It has a right and left lobe which are connected together by a narrow band of thyroid tissue. It is roughly the shape of a butterfly. You cannot usually see or feel a normal thyroid gland. If the thyroid gland enlarges, it causes a swelling in the neck which you can see - a goitre. The thyroid gland makes thyroid hormones - called thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)."
},
{
"docid": "D3209800#0",
"title": "http://www.flashcardmachine.com/chapter-13-medicalterminology.html\nShared Flashcard Set",
"text": "Shared Flashcard Set Details Title Chapter 13 medical terminology Description Endocrine system Total Cards 107Subject Anatomy Level Graduate Created 10/12/2009Click here to study/print these flashcards . Create your own flash cards! Sign up here . Additional Anatomy Flashcards Cards Termendocrine system Definitionincludes glands (pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreatic, pineasl, thymus, testes, ovaries) that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream rather than a duct. Term Pituitary gland Definitionpea sized organ located at the base of the brain. It is known as the master gland becuase it regulates many body activities and stimulates other glands to secrete their own specific hormones. Consists of anterior lobe adenohypophysis and posterior neurohypophysis. Term Anterior Pituitary Gland Definition Secrets Growth hormone (stimulates protein sysnthesis and promotes tissue and organ growth); Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the thyroid to secrete its hormones, thyroxine t4 and triiodothyronine T3); Adrenocorticotropic hormone - ACTH = or corticotropin which stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete its steroid hromones like cortisol; Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH - stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in women and the production of speerm in the testes of men; Lutenizing hormone LH - gonadotropic hormones. In women, LH stimulates ovulation and the formation of a corpus luteum in the ovaries. In men, LH stimulates the interstitial Leydig cells of the testes to secrete testosterone."
},
{
"docid": "D63593#0",
"title": "http://endocrinediseases.org/thyroid/faq.shtml\nThyroid Gland: Frequently Asked Questions",
"text": "\"Thyroid Gland: Frequently Asked Questions This document is available in Spanish What is the thyroid gland? What is thyroid disease? What does the thyroid do? Why do people get thyroid nodules? What should I do if I have a thyroid nodule? What is a fine needle aspiration biopsy of a thyroid nodule? What are the different types of thyroid cancer? What are the symptoms of thyroid cancer? What is the treatment for papillary thyroid cancer? What is the treatment for follicular thyroid cancer?"
},
{
"docid": "D612871#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/77727867/med-term-ch-17-flash-cards/\nMed Term- ch 17",
"text": "\"75 terms Christie_Story Med Term- ch 17Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Which of the following words has a prefix meaning three? Triiodothyronine. The term thyrotoxicosis means an abnormal condition of thyroid gland poisoning The root in the word polyphagia means to eat In the word pheochromocytoma, what does the prefix mean? gray A benign tumor of the thymus is called thymoma Overproduction of growth hormone stimulates excessive growth of bones and muscles. It is almost always caused by a benign pituitary adenoma. Which of the following statements best describes a patient with this condition? the musculoskeletal system is involved The surgical removal of the thyroid gland is called a thyroidectomy A type of hyperthyroidism caused by an autoimmune disorder in which an antibody stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and secrete excessive quantities of thyroid hormones into the blood is called Graves disease The word _______ means standard or rule for judging, and its plural form is _______. criterion; criteria Endocrine glands that occur in pairs, rather than singly, are the adrenal and gonad Which word containing a prefix, root, and suffix refers to a condition involving the jaw?"
},
{
"docid": "D597799#0",
"title": "http://btf-thyroid.org/information/leaflets/39-radioactive-iodine-guide\nTreatment of an Over-active or Enlarged Thyroid Gland with Radioactive Iodine",
"text": "Treatment of an Over-active or Enlarged Thyroid Gland with Radioactive Iodine Information Revised 2015What is radioactive iodine? Radioactive iodine (I-131) has been used to treat over-active thyroid disorders ( hyperthyroidism) since the early 1940s. It is an effective method of treatment. It is now being used more often as a first-line treatment rather than surgery. Radioactive iodine is taken up by the thyroid, and destroys the cells in the thyroid gland. This has the effect of reducing the amount of thyroxine made by the thyroid gland and may also reduce the size of the gland. When is radioactive iodine treatment used? As treatment for an over-active thyroid gland, with or without prior antithyroid drug therapy, especially in people with toxic nodular hyperthyroidism. It may also be used as a first line treatment in Graves' disease When an over-active thyroid gland due to Graves' disease fails to settle after antithyroid medication To shrink the gland when there is a goitre (thyroid enlargement)Radioactive iodine is also used in higher doses in the treatment of thyroid cancer. Is radioactive iodine treatment safe?"
},
{
"docid": "D687989#0",
"title": "https://www.healthtap.com/topics/heterogeneous-echotexture-liver\nTop 40 Doctor insights on: Heterogeneous Echotexture Liver",
"text": "\"Top 40 Doctor insights on: Heterogeneous Echotexture Liver Share Follow @Health Tap </> Embed Dr. Michael Gabor2 doctors agreed:1 What does Heterogeneous echotexture of the liver mean? My ulta sound also said for liver no mass and normal size. It means that: The liver texture is not uniform. Most commonly this is due to fatty infiltration, a benign condition with numerous causes. It can also be due to various other inflammatory or infiltrative processes. It is a nonspecific finding, so it has to be interpreted in the context of your clinical picture ... Read more Dr. Janice Alexander2 Doctors shared insights Liver (Definition)This organ plays a major role in metabolism and has a number of functions in the body, including glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells, plasma protein synthesis, hormone production, and detoxification. It lies below the diaphragm in the abdominal-pelvic region of the abdomen. It produces bile, an alkaline compound which aids in digestion via the emulsification of ... Read more Board Certified,Get help from a real doctor now Continue Dr. Michael Gabor3 doctors agreed:2 My liver ultrasound shows normal size and contour with coarsened, hyperechoic and heterogeneous echotexture without obscuration of the portal triads.? That is: A nonspecific description and there are a number of inflammatory and infiltrative processes that could cause that appearance. However, in the vast majority of cases in otherwise healthy individuals, it is due to benign fatty infiltration. ..."
},
{
"docid": "D3271044#0",
"title": "https://www.healthtap.com/topics/what-does-a-enlarged-thyroid-gland-mean\nTop 20 Doctor insights on: What Does A Enlarged Thyroid Gland Mean",
"text": "Top 20 Doctor insights on: What Does A Enlarged Thyroid Gland Mean Share Follow @Health Tap </> Embed Dr. Ihab Ibrahim1 How will I know what does an enlarged thyroid gland mean? Goiter: It means the gland is larger than normal. The most common cause of goiter worldwide is a lack of iodine in the diet. In the United States, where most people use iodized salt, goiter is more often due to the over- or underproduction of thyroid hormones or to nodules that develop in the gland ... Read more Dr. Lawrence Kessler Thyroid Gland (Definition)It is an endocrine gland which produces thyroxin hormone which controls the metabolism in every cell in the body. It produces 80 to 90%t4 and 10 to 20 %t3. These control rate of metabolism and affect the growth and rate of functions of many cells in the body it is ... Read more Board Certified,Get help from a real doctor now Continue Dr. John Yim2 What does diffusely enlarged heterogeneous thyroid gland mean? Graves/Thyroiditis: Most commonly this is due to graves disease or thyroiditis. In both of these cases your immune system attacks your thyroid and tries to kill it, because it thinks it is foreign, like a virus. However in graves disease the antibodies that attack the thyroid actually stimulate receptors ... Read more Dr. Ihab Ibrahim3 Doctor mentioned that I had an enlarged thyroid gland. What does this mean?"
},
{
"docid": "D3342988#0",
"title": "https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9153.php\nWhat's to know about hyperthyroidism",
"text": "\"Newsletter MNT - Hourly Medical News Since 2003Search Log in Newsletter MNT - Hourly Medical News Since 2003Search Login What's to know about hyperthyroidism Last updated Wed 20 December 2017By Christian Nordqvist Reviewed by University of Illinois-Chicago, School of Medicine Symptoms Treatment Causes Diet Complications Diagnosis Hyperthyroidism and pregnancy Hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid, happens when the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. This has an impact throughout the body. The thyroid gland is in the neck. It has a butterfly shape. The hormones that it produces and releases into the bloodstream control the body's growth and metabolism. Too much hormone can affect many functions in the body. There are several possible causes and a wide range of potential symptoms. It usually begins slowly, but, in younger people, onset can be sudden. Hyperthyroidism is distinct from hypothyroidism. \"\" Hyper\"\" refers to the presence of too much thyroid hormone in the system. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D3471481#0",
"title": "https://www.webmd.com/women/ss/slideshow-thyroid-symptoms-and-solutions\nSlideshow: Thyroid Symptoms and Solutions",
"text": "Slideshow: Thyroid Symptoms and Solutions1 / 24When Your Thyroid Goes Awry Does fatigue drag you down day after day? Do you have brain fog, weight gain, chills, or hair loss? Or is the opposite true for you: Are you often revved up, sweaty, or anxious? Your thyroid gland could be to blame. This great regulator of body and mind sometimes goes haywire, particularly in women. Getting the right treatment is critical to feel your best and avoid serious health problems. Swipe to advance1 / 24What Is the Thyroid Gland? The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland in the front of the neck. It produces hormones that control the speed of your metabolism -- the system that helps the body use energy. Thyroid disorders can slow down or rev up metabolism by disrupting the production of thyroid hormones."
},
{
"docid": "D1481347#0",
"title": "http://www.medicinenet.com/methimazole/article.htm\nmethimazole",
"text": "\"Hyperthyroidism Slideshow Pictures Take the Thyroid Disorder Quiz Thyroid Symptoms and Solutions Slideshow Pictures What is methimazole, and how does it work (mechanism of action)? What brand names are available for methimazole? Is methimazole available as a generic drug? Do I need a prescription for methimazole? What are the side effects of methimazole? What is the dosage for methimazole? Which drugs or supplements interact with methimazole? Is methimazole safe to take if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding? What else should I know about methimazole? What is methimazole, and how does it work (mechanism of action)?"
},
{
"docid": "D1239187#0",
"title": "http://kidshealth.org/en/teens/thyroid.html\n.",
"text": "\"Listen The thyroid is a small gland located below the skin and muscles at the front of the neck, just at the spot where a bow tie would rest. It's brownish red, with left and right halves (called lobes) that look like a butterfly's wings. It's light like a butterfly, too, and usually weighs less than an ounce. As small as it is, though, the thyroid has an enormously important job to do, especially for teens. It manufactures the hormones that help control metabolism and growth. To do its job, the thyroid needs a chemical element called iodine that the body absorbs from the foods you eat and the water you drink. The entire body contains about 50 milligrams of iodine. About 1/5 to 1/3 of that supply (10 to 15 milligrams) is stored in your thyroid. The thyroid combines the iodine with tyrosine (an essential amino acid) to make important hormones. Thyroid hormones are released from the gland and travel through the bloodstream to your body's cells."
},
{
"docid": "D359006#0",
"title": "https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/med-term-final-2/deck/16165882\nKenedee W.Size: 224Hirsutism is caused by:hypersecretion of androgens by the adrenal cortexThe lab test showed that a client's calcium levels were low. The client has:hypocalcemiaParathyroidectomy is removal or excision of:one or more parathyroid glandsWhich word root means 'gland'?adenThe adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine or adrenaline, which is responsible for the body's 'fight or flight' response.trueWhich gland secretes growth hormone (GH)?anterior lobe of the pituitary glandThe medical term for 'abnormal condition of a gland' is:Myxedema results from hyper secretion of the thyroid gland and is characterized by goiter, rapid heart rate, and weight loss. Cushing's syndrome is a chronic syndrome caused by hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex and is characterized by darkening of the skin, loss of appetite, mental depression, and muscle weakness.The prefix '-syn- means: The suffix which means 'condition of' is:Endocrine disease results in either an abnormal increase in hormone production, or hypersecretion, or an abnormal decrease, or hyposecretion. Congenital hypothyroidism in children, which results in reduced mental development and dwarf-like physical stature, is known as:Which medical term is spelled correctly?The glucose tolerance test is a diagnostic test used to confirm a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and other abnormalities in glucose metabolism.Ketosis is a deficiency of ketone bodies in the blood and urine, which is often seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation. The word root 'kal' means 'potassium'.The combining form 'acr/o' means 'extremity' or 'extreme'. Tetany, which leads to excitation of nerves and muscle spasms, is caused by a deficiency of:An abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by a tumor, lack of iodine in the diet, or infection is a goiter. Which endocrine gland is known as the 'master gland' due to the control it maintains over other glands?The use of radioactive iodine to treat a disease of the thyroid gland, such as a thyroid tumor, is: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism.Aldosterone, which regulates body fluid balance and blood pressure, is secreted by the: A condition resulting from excessive thyroid hormone levels is known as:A recording of a procedure in which the electrical events associated with the beating of the heart are evaluated is a (n): Which word root means 'fat'?Which suffix means 'record ing'?The medical term for persistently high blood pressure is:The valve that channels blood to flow in one direction from the left atrium to the left ventricle is the: A clients x-ray showed an abnormal enlargement of the heart. The client has:Chest pain usually caused by an insufficient supply of blood to the heart is: The combining form which means narrowness or constriction is 'thromb/o'.Phlebotomy is the surgical removal of a vein. A disturbance or abnormality of the heartâs normal rhythmic cycle is known as:A coronary stent is a plastic scaffold that is implanted in a coronary artery to prevent closure of the artery after angioplasty or atherectomy. A heart block is blockage of an artery supplying the heart, often due to atherosclerosis.An ultrasound procedure that evaluates blood flow in an effort to determine the cause of a localized reduction in blood flow is: The prefix 'brady' means:A cluster of cells in the right atrium that serves as the pacemaker of the heart is the sinoatrial node. Angioplasty is general surgical repair of a blood vessel that includes procedures to reopen blocked vessels.A congenital defect in which the opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta that allows blood to pass across during fetal circulation before birth, fails to close after birth is known as:Cardiac tamponade is:Heart murmurs are extremely rapid, but regular, contractions of the heart. The thin inner lining of the heart is the:Ventricular contraction (systole) causes blood pressure to rise. Atherosclerosis is hardening of the arteries, in which the artery walls lose their elasticity and become brittle.Endarterectomy is the surgical removal of a floating blood clot or embolus. Which medical term is spelled correctly?A chronic condition characterized by the inability of the left ventricle to pump enough blood through the body to adequately supply systemic tissues is: The combining form 'blast/o' means germ or bud.A therapeutic treatment involving administration of a substance with known toxicity to bacteria is: The medical term for surgical fixation of the spleen is:The prefix 'ana-' means 'again' or 'more of'. A loss of blood from circulation is known as:Anemia that is caused by an inadequate supply of folic acid is: A viral disease characterized by enlarged lymph nodes, an increased number of monocytes and lymphocytes, sore throat, and fatigue is:Vaccination is the inoculation of a culture that has reduced virulence as a means of providing a cure or a prophylaxis. The medical term for abnormally large red blood cells is:An antibody is any foreign substance, usually a protein, against which an immune response is directed. (T/F) White blood cells that fight infection by phagocytizing unwanted foreign particles are:Nosocomial infections are caused by bacteria and contracted during a hospital stay, usually due to antibiotic-resistant strains of staphylococcus. (T/F) Which medical term is spelled correctly?Botulism is a disease caused by a powerful neurotoxin released by the common bacteria 'Clostridium tetani' that results in convulsions and paralysis. Hemochromatosis is:A differential count is a microscopic count of the number of each type of white blood cells using a stained blood smear. (T/F) A disease caused by a bacterium and its toxin, resulting in inflammation of mucous membranes primarily in the mouth and throat, is:Which blood cells perform the role of preventing fluid loss following an injury by releasing proteins that result in the formation of blood clots through coagulation? A cancer of the blood-forming tissue in bone, red bone marrow, is:Tonsils are small, oval organs in the throat region that are filled with white blood cells that fight infection. (T/F) White blood cells are continually produced from stem cells in the white bone marrow during the process known as hematopoiesis. (T/F)What suffix means an abnormal reduction in number? Immunity is the status of being successfully resistant to infection. (T/F)The process of dissolving a blood clot is: Diseases that are caused by a personâs own immune response attacking otherwise healthy tissues are known as:In internal respiration, oxygen moves out of the alveoli and into the capillaries and carbon dioxide moves in the opposite direction. (T/F) The word root 'rhin' means:The suffix which means 'incision' or 'surgical cut into' is: Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract and elsewhere. (T/F)An inflammation of the lungs caused by chronic inflammation of fine particles, which leads to the formation of a fibrotic tissue around the alveoli and reduces their ability to stretch with incoming air is: `The medical term bronchiectasis means dilation of the bronchi. (T/F)Which structure of the respiratory system arises from the trachea and divides to form extensive branching within the lungs? Respiration is the process of breathing, which includes inhalation and exhalation.The medical term 'hypopnea' means: A condition of the lungs characterized by widespread narrowing of the bronchioles and formation of mucus plugs producing symptoms of wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing is:A surgical puncture into the chest cavity to aspirate fluid is known as thoracentesis. (T/F) The medical term which means 'difficulty breathing' is:Pulmonary edema is: The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing. (T/F)The prefix which means 'normal' or 'good' is:The medical term which means 'deficient levels of oxygen in the blood' is:The word root which means 'breathe' is: A pneumothorax is the presence of blood in the pleural cavity. (T/F)A clientâs x-ray showed atelectasis, which is an absence of gas in the lungs due to a failure of alveolar expansion. (T/F) Fluid discharge from the nose is rhinorrhea. (T/F)Narrowing of the trachea is known as tracheostenosis. (T/F) Which medical term is spelled correctly?The suffix '-cele' means: The medical term 'tracheotomy' means:A blockage in the pulmonary circulation caused by a moving blood clot is a (n): An ileus is:Which is a segment of the large intestine? The gallbladder receives bile from the liver and delivers bile to the small intestine when a meal is digested so it can aid in fat digestion. (T/F)Which medical term is spelled correctly? Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder involving repeated gorging with food that is followed by induced vomiting or laxative abuse. (T/F)A vagotomy is defined as: Proctoptosis is the prolapse of the rectum. (T/F)A cholangiogram is an x-ray image of the bile ducts between the liver, gallbladder, and duodenum. (T/F) Gastric lavage is the process of feeding a patient through a tube inserted into the nose that drops into the stomach. (T/F)Irritable Bowel Syndrome Cheilitis is an inflammation of the colon. (T/F)An accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity is known as ascites. (T/F) Inflammation of the tongue is known as:Visual examination of the abdominal cavity with an instrument that includes a camera, fiber optics, and a long flexible tube is a (n): A drug that prevents or stops vomiting is an antacid. (T/F)The surgical creation of an opening into the colon, by way of the abdominal wall is a (n): A varicose condition of veins in the anus that results in painful swellings is:The organ that is responsible for the production of bile, the recycling of red blood cell components, and the removal of toxins from the blood is the: A chronic, progressive liver disease resulting from hepatic cell failure is:Diverticulitis means the inflammation of diverticula or abnormal small pouches in the wall of the colon. (T/F) A medication that is used to decrease peristalsis in the GI tract to stop diarrhea is:The medical term for indigestion is: The combining form that means 'small intestine' is 'enter/o'. (T/F)A protrusion of a loop of the small intestine through the abdominal wall in the groin region is a (n):A combining form which means 'abdomen' is:The suffix '-trophy' means:A combining form which means 'kidney' is:The presence of one or more stones in the kidney is known as: In a retrograde pyelogram, a contrast medium is injected into the kidney using a nephroscope. (T/F)A surgical procedure that destroys living tissue with an electric spark is known as fulguration. (T/F) A client is having difficulty voiding after surgery and the nurse notes that the bladder is full. Abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder resulting from an inability to void is known as:The definition of polycystic kidney is:A coiled capillary called the glomerulus is located in the urinary bladder and involved in the filtration of blood. (T/F)A procedure using an endoscope modified to view the bladder is a: Which medical term is spelled correctly?An x-ray technique imaging the urinary bladder and ureters is a: The client reports that he has to get up twice a night to urinate. The health care worker should chart that the client has:An ultrasound procedure in which a kidney is imaged with the use of sound waves is known as: The structure (s) that join the kidneys to the urinary bladder is the:Stress incontinence is the involuntary discharge of urine due to a cough, sneeze, or strained movement. (T/F) Urinary catheterization is the insertion of a flexible tube for channeling fluids into the bladder to drain urine. (T/F)Enuresis is the inability to pass urine. (T/F) The medical term 'ureterostenosis' means:Surgical fixation of the urethra to correct stress incontinence is known as urethropexy. (T/F) An infection of the kidney is commonly known as a urinary tract infection. (T/F)The definition of the medical term 'lithotripsy' is: Excretion is the elimination of waste from the body. (T/F)The subunits of each kidney are known as nephrons. (T/F) A procedure that removes nitrogenous wastes and excess ions from the blood, replacing the normal function of the kidneys, is known as:The medical term 'dysuria' means: A gland which surrounds the urethra as it emerges from the bladder and secretes a milky alkaline fluid that contributes to the semen is the:An abnormally persistent erection of the penis, usually accompanied by pain and tenderness, is known as: As the male urethra emerges from the bladder, what does it receive before passing through the prostate gland?The sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea: The site (s) of sperm cell production in the testes is / are the:The primary organs of the male reproductive system are the penis and prostate gland. (T/F) The word root which means 'male' is:The ejaculatory fluid which normally consists of sperm cells and secretions from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands is known as semen. (T/F) Surgical fixation of a testis, which draws an undescended testis into the scrotum, is known as:Excessive growth of the prostate gland that is nonmalignant and results in constriction of the urethra is known as: The organs that transport sperm are tubules that include the epididymis, vas deferens, and the urethra. (T/F)The absence of one or both testes is known as anorchism. (T/F The most common bacteria-caused sexually transmitted disease in North America, with symptoms of urethritis and proctitis, is:Which medical term is spelled correctly? The absence of living sperm in semen, which is a sign of infertility, is known as:trueA clinical test that measures the level of a protein in the blood, which, if elevated, suggests the probable presence of prostate cancer, is the prostate-specific antigen test or PSA. (T/F)A swelling of the scrotum caused by fluid accumulation within the seminiferous tubules of the testes is known as a hydrocele. (T/F)A congenital narrowing of the prepuce opening that prevents it from being drawn back over the glans penis is known as a priapism. (T/F) The definition of the medical term 'orchitis' is inflammation of the:Male gametes are known as:The combining form which means 'testicle' is:A sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterium called a spirochete that appears first as red painless papules that erode to form small ulcers known as chancres is genital herpes. (T/F) A skin-covered pouch that hangs below the wall of the pelvic cavity and contains the testes is the scrotum. (T/F)An abnormal dilation of the veins of the spermatic cord, caused by failure of the valves within the veins, is a: The medical term for sexual intercourse is 'orgasm'. (T/F)The suffix '-atresia' means 'openingâ. (T/F) A client complains of irregular and excessive bleeding other than during menstruation. The health care worker would chart that the client has:Inflammation of a fallopian tube is known as: A fistula is an abnormal passage from one hollow organ to another. (T/F)The female gametes are known as: The condition of a sagging breast is known as:A fibroid tumor is a cancerous tumor containing fibrous tissue that arises from the myometrium of the uterus. (T/F) An abnormal condition of the endometrium in which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity is known as endometritis. (T/F)Collectively, the female external genitalia are known as the perineum. (T/F) A parovarian cyst is an abnormal fluid-filled sac of a fallopian tube. (T/F)A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities is a: Which word root means woman?Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified endoscope is known as a: An excision of a breast that includes removal of muscles and lymph nodes is known as a:Ovulation involves the bursting of an ovum out of a mature ovarian follicle, or graafian follicle, through the ovarian wall into the peritoneal cavity. (T/F) A surgical puncture into the pelvic cavity to remove fluid from the rectouterine pouch is known as culdocentesis. (T/F)An infectious disease characterized by a rapid onset of symptoms including high fever, skin rash, diarrhea, vomiting, myalgia, and hypotension is:The combining form 'ov/o' means:An x-ray image of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of a radiopaque contrast medium is known as a: Suture of the wall of the cervix is known as trachelorrhaphy. (T/F)Excision of a fallopian tube and ovary is a (n): The primary organs of the female reproductive system are the:Suturing of the vulva to repair a tear is known as a (n): Which medical term is spelled correctly?Surgical repair of a protrusion of the bladder against the anterior vaginal wall and protrusion of the rectum against the posterior vaginal wall is known as anterior and posterior colporrhaphy. (T/F) A false pregnancy is known as a pseudocyesis. (T/F)Which medical term is spelled correctly? An incision through the amnion which ruptures the membrane as an inducement to labor is known as an:Measurement of the size of the fetus is known as: Abnormal discharge of amniotic fluid is known as:A termination of pregnancy by natural expulsion of the embryo or fetus from the uterus is known as a miscarriage or a spontaneous abortion. (T/F) A complication of pregnancy with premature separation of the placenta of the uterine wall resulting in either premature birth or fetal death is known as:The suffix '-orrhexis' means: The combined form 'gravid/o' means:A client is pregnant for the first time. She is known as a person who is: The embryonic and fetal membrane that encloses the embryo and fetus is known as the amnion, or amniotic sac. (T/F)A medical term for 'breastfeeding' is 'parturitionâ. (T/F) A surgical delivery accomplished by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus is known as a (n):Preeclampsia is an abnormal development of high blood pressure that may be accompanied with proteinuria and edema during pregnancy. (T/F) The care of the elderly is managed by a physician specialist known as a (n):The medical term 'lactogenic' is defined as: Respiratory distress syndrome, or hyaline membrane disease, is a disease of newborns, especially premature infants, in which certain cells of the lungs fail to mature by birth, leading to a tendency for lung collapse. (T/F)The term for the developing human from the second day after conception until the eighth week is: The combining form that means 'umbilicus' is:A woman who has given birth to an infant, either alive or dead, is known as a 'gravidaâ. (T/F) An omphalocele is:The medical term for 'occurring during labor and childbirth' is 'antepartum'. (T/F) Cervical effacement is the progressive dilation of the cervix during labor. (T/F)A congenital defect of the vertebral column resulting from an absence of vertebral arches is known as:",
"text": "Kenedee W. Size: 224Hirsutism is caused by:hypersecretion of androgens by the adrenal cortex The lab test showed that a client's calcium levels were low. The client has:hypocalcemia Parathyroidectomy is removal or excision of:one or more parathyroid glands Which word root means 'gland'?aden The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine or adrenaline, which is responsible for the body's 'fight or flight' response.true Which gland secretes growth hormone (GH)?anterior lobe of the pituitary gland The medical term for 'abnormal condition of a gland' is: Myxedema results from hyper secretion of the thyroid gland and is characterized by goiter, rapid heart rate, and weight loss. Cushing's syndrome is a chronic syndrome caused by hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex and is characterized by darkening of the skin, loss of appetite, mental depression, and muscle weakness. The prefix '-syn- means: The suffix which means 'condition of' is: Endocrine disease results in either an abnormal increase in hormone production, or hypersecretion, or an abnormal decrease, or hyposecretion. Congenital hypothyroidism in children, which results in reduced mental development and dwarf-like physical stature, is known as: Which medical term is spelled correctly? The glucose tolerance test is a diagnostic test used to confirm a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and other abnormalities in glucose metabolism. Ketosis is a deficiency of ketone bodies in the blood and urine, which is often seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation. The word root 'kal' means 'potassium'. The combining form 'acr/o' means 'extremity' or 'extreme'. Tetany, which leads to excitation of nerves and muscle spasms, is caused by a deficiency of: An abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by a tumor, lack of iodine in the diet, or infection is a goiter."
},
{
"docid": "D3144337#0",
"title": "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/enlarged_thyroid_gland.htm\nEnlarged thyroid gland",
"text": "\"Enlarged thyroid gland Intro Causes Tests Treatment Symptom Checker Misdiagnosis Glossary Must Reads in Health Protecting Your Skin During Winter Watch: My Personal Psoriasis Journey Are You Getting The Best Cancer Care? Keeping An Active Lifestyle With COPDLiver Disease? Find a Doc Who Treats PBCAre You Allergic To Your Clothes? Why Psoriasis Treatments Can Fail Enlarged thyroid gland: Enlarged thyroid gland: Introduction Causes (12 conditions)Common Causes Symptom Checker Misdiagnosis Home Testing Treatments Comorbid Symptoms Classifications Enlarged thyroid gland: Introduction Enlarged thyroid gland: an enlarged thyroid gland is a lump that can be felt under the skin at the front of the neck. When it is large enough to see easily, it's called a goitre. See detailed information below for a list of 12 causes of Enlarged thyroid gland, Symptom Checker, including diseases and drug side effect causes.» Review Causes of Enlarged thyroid gland: Causes | Symptom Checker »Home Diagnostic Testing and Enlarged thyroid gland Home medical tests possibly related to Enlarged thyroid gland: Thyroid: Home Testing: Home Thyroid Function Testing Home TSH Tests Home Adrenal Function Testsmore home tests...»Enlarged thyroid gland: Symptom Checker Listed below are some combinations of symptoms associated with Enlarged thyroid gland, as listed in our database. Visit the Symptom Checker , to add and remove symptoms and research your condition. Symptom Checker Enlarged thyroid gland: Symptom Checker Symptom Checker Enlarged thyroid gland and Goiter (10 causes)Enlarged thyroid gland and Goitre (10 causes)Enlarged thyroid gland and Endocrine symptoms (9 causes)Enlarged thyroid gland and Nerve symptoms (9 causes)Enlarged thyroid gland and Sensory symptoms (9 causes)Enlarged thyroid gland and Thyroid problems (9 causes)Enlarged thyroid gland and Thyroid symptoms (9 causes)Enlarged thyroid gland and Head symptoms (8 causes)Enlarged thyroid gland and Swelling symptoms (8 causes)Enlarged thyroid gland and Thyroid enlargement (8 causes)Enlarged thyroid gland and Behavioral symptoms (7 causes)Enlarged thyroid gland and Digestive symptoms (7 causes)Enlarged thyroid gland and Emotional symptoms (7 causes)Enlarged thyroid gland and Face symptoms (7 causes)Enlarged thyroid gland and Mood symptoms (7 causes)Enlarged thyroid gland and Personality symptoms (7 causes)Enlarged thyroid gland and Sensations (7 causes)Enlarged thyroid gland and Skin symptoms (7 causes)more...»See full list of 501 Symptom Checkers for Enlarged thyroid gland Enlarged thyroid gland Treatments Review further information on Enlarged thyroid gland Treatments . Enlarged thyroid gland: Comorbid Symptoms Some of the comorbid or associated medical symptoms for Enlarged thyroid gland may include these symptoms: Goiter Goitre Endocrine symptoms Nerve symptoms Sensory symptoms Thyroid problems Thyroid symptoms Head symptomsmore associated symptoms...»See all associated comorbid symptoms for Enlarged thyroid gland Causes of General Symptom Types Research the causes of these more general types of symptom: Goiter (77 causes)Thyroid symptoms (172 causes)Endocrine symptoms (217 causes)Throat symptoms (3410 causes)Thyroid problems (154 causes)Respiratory symptoms (5166 causes)Mouth symptoms (6864 causes)Breathing symptoms (3381 causes)Breath symptoms (3023 causes)Swelling symptoms (3730 causes)Head symptoms (10192 causes)Face symptoms (8109 causes)Neck symptoms (833 causes)more symptoms...»Research the causes of related medical symptoms such as: Enlarged thyroid Thyroid gland Thyroid gland disease Thyroid gland disorder Thyroid Thyroid symptoms (172 causes)Thyroid disease (18 causes)Thyroid disorder Thyroid pain (15 causes)more symptoms...»Causes of Similar Symptoms to Enlarged thyroid gland Research the causes of these symptoms that are similar to, or related to, the symptom Enlarged thyroid gland: Goitre (49 causes)Hypothyroidism (106 causes)Thyroid adenoma Thyroidectomy Thyroxin T3T4more symptoms...»Misdiagnosis and Enlarged thyroid gland Cluster of diseases with difficult diagnosis issues: There is a well-known list of medical conditions that are all somewhat difficult to diagnose, and all can... read more »Alzheimer's disease over-diagnosed: The well-known disease of Alzheimer's disease is often over-diagnosed."
},
{
"docid": "D883453#0",
"title": "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9153.php\nWhat's to know about hyperthyroidism",
"text": "\"Newsletter MNT - Hourly Medical News Since 2003Search Log in Newsletter MNT - Hourly Medical News Since 2003Search Login What's to know about hyperthyroidism Last updated Wed 20 December 2017By Christian Nordqvist Reviewed by University of Illinois-Chicago, School of Medicine Symptoms Treatment Causes Diet Complications Diagnosis Hyperthyroidism and pregnancy Hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid, happens when the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. This has an impact throughout the body. The thyroid gland is in the neck. It has a butterfly shape. The hormones that it produces and releases into the bloodstream control the body's growth and metabolism. Too much hormone can affect many functions in the body. There are several possible causes and a wide range of potential symptoms. It usually begins slowly, but, in younger people, onset can be sudden. Hyperthyroidism is distinct from hypothyroidism. \"\" Hyper\"\" refers to the presence of too much thyroid hormone in the system. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D861185#0",
"title": "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/goiter/symptoms-causes/dxc-20264595\nOverview",
"text": "Overview Enlarged thyroid A goiter (GOI-tur) is an abnormal enlargement of your thyroid gland. Your thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of your neck just below your Adam's apple. Although goiters are usually painless, a large goiter can cause a cough and make it difficult for you to swallow or breathe. The most common cause of goiters worldwide is a lack of iodine in the diet. In the United States, where the use of iodized salt is common, a goiter is more often due to the over- or underproduction of thyroid hormones or to nodules that develop in the gland itself. Treatment depends on the size of the goiter, your symptoms and the underlying cause. Small goiters that aren't noticeable and don't cause problems usually don't need treatment. Symptoms Not all goiters cause signs and symptoms. When signs and symptoms do occur they may include: A visible swelling at the base of your neck that may be particularly obvious when you shave or put on makeup A tight feeling in your throat Coughing Hoarseness Difficulty swallowing Difficulty breathing Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic Causes Pituitary gland and hypothalamus Your thyroid gland produces two main hormones — thyroxine (T-4) and triiodothyronine (T-3). These hormones circulate in your bloodstream and help regulate your metabolism."
},
{
"docid": "D491445#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/32351509/mdsc-chp-16-flash-cards/\nMDSC CHP 16",
"text": "\"42 terms Annie Dobry MDSC CHP 16Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort The largest endocrine gland is the thyroid glandthe anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is also called the adenohypophysisthe hypothalamus is located near the pituitary gland The islets of Langerhans are clusters of endocrine tissue found throughout the pancreasethe hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex is adrenocorticotropic hormone The hormone that stimulates glandular tissue during pregnancy and produces milk after the birth of an infant is prolactin-releasing hormonethe hormone that stimulates the kidney to reabsorb water is antidiuretic hormonethe combining form meaning thyroid gland is thyr/othe combining form meaning potassium is kal/ithe combining form meaning thirst is dips/o T4 is the abbreviation for thyroxine The word part that best completes the medical term meaning excision of an adrenal gland, ____/ectomy, is adrenalin the medical term corticoid, the word root means: outer layer of a body organ The medical term that means inflammation of the adrenal gland is adrenalitis The meaning of the medical term adrenomegaly is a (n): enlargement of one or both of the adrenal glands The medical term meaning deficient level of sugar in the blood is hypoglycemia The medical term meaning excessive calcium in the blood is hypercalcemia The meaning of the medical term hyperkalemia is excessive potassium in the blood The medical term that means deficient level of sodium in the blood is hyponatremia A patient who has reported recent weight loss, irritability and heat intolerance is diagnosed with ___, which is a state of excessive thyroid gland activity and excessive secretion of thyroid hormones. hyperthyroidism After surgery to remove her thyroid gland, Ella reports recent weight gain and cold intolerance. She is diagnosed with __, which (unsurprisingly, considering her surgery) is a state of deficient thyroid gland activity and diminished secretion of thyroid hormones. hypothyroidsim The meaning of the medical term parathyroidoma is: tumor of a parathyroid gland The medical term that refers to a group of symptoms attributed to the excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortices, causing abnormally pigmented skin, \"\"moon face,\"\" and pads of fat of the chest, abdomen, and back is: cushing syndrome A patient who arrives in the ED complaining of palpitations, chest and abdominal pain, headache, diaphoresis and hypertension is eventually diagnosed with ____, a non-malignant tumor of the adrenal medualla pheochromocytoma Hugo is diagnosed with ___, a chronic syndrome caused by a deficiency in the hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex and characterized by weakness, darkening of skin, loss of appetitie, depression, and other emotional problems. addisons disease Mr. Nouwen presents with insulin resistance, obesity focused on the waist and abdomen, hypertension, and elevated glycemic and triglyceride levels (with low HDL levels.) These signs indicate: metabolic syndrome The meaning of the medical term tetany is a condition affecting nerves, causing muscle spasms as a result of low amounts of calcium A condition of excessive thyroid hormone secretion is: thyrotoxicosis The meaning of the medical term ketosis is a condtion resulting from uncontrolled diabetes mellitus The medical term meaning enlargement of the thyroid gland is: goiter The medical term adenectomy refers to excision of a glandthe medical term thyroidotomy refers to the incision of the thyroid glandthe medical term thyroparathyroidectomy refers to the excision of the thyroid and parathyroid glandthe medical term that refers to a nuclear medicine test that shows the size, shape, and postition of the thyroid gland is thyroid scanthe medical term meaning excessive development of the adrenal cortex is adrenocorticohyperplasiathe medical term referring to the study of the endorcrine system is endocrinologythe medical term referring to a chemical substance that is secreted by an endocrine gland and carried in the blood to a target tissue is hormonethe narrow strip of tissue that connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland is called the isthmusthe medical term metabolism refers to the sum total of all the chemical processes that take place in a living organismthe abbreviation of the medical term that refers to a chronic disease involving a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism is DMRAIU abbreviates the medical term referring to a nuclear medicine scan that measures thyroid functioneuthyroid is a medical term referring to normal thyroid function \""
}
] |
8331 | which term refers to the rate at which one currency is converted into another? | [
{
"docid": "D1676940#0",
"title": "http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Price+currency\nexchange rate",
"text": "\"Correct all you're your grammar errors instantly. Try it now.exchange rate (redirected from Price currency) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia . Exchange rate The price of one country's currency expressed in another country's currency. Copyright © 2012, Campbell R. Harvey. All Rights Reserved. Exchange Rate The value of two currencies relative to each other. For example, on a given day, one maytrade one U. S. dollar for a certain number of British pounds. A currency's exchange ratesmay be floating (that is, they may change from day to day) or they may be pegged to another currency. A floating exchange rate is dependent on the supply and demand of theinvolved currencies, as well as the amount of the currency held in foreign reserves. On theother hand, a government may peg its currency to a certain amount in another currency or currency basket."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D3540135#0",
"title": "https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Macroeconomics/Inflation\nMacroeconomics/Inflation",
"text": "\"< Macroeconomicsnavigation search This page was transwikied from another project and needs to be bookified. This page either needs to be altered to become the main page of a book, or altered to fit the \"\"local manual of style\"\" of the book it is to be included in. Please remove { { bookify }} after the page is bookified. In mainstream economics, the word “ inflation ” refers to a general rise in prices measured against a standard level of purchasing power. Previously the term was used to refer to an increase in the money supply, which is now referred to as expansionary monetary policy or monetary inflation. Inflation is measured by comparing two sets of goods at two points in time, and computing the increase in cost not reflected by an increase in quality. There are, therefore, many measures of inflation depending on the specific circumstances. The most well known are the CPI which measures consumer prices, and the GDP deflator, which measures inflation in the whole of the domestic economy. The prevailing view in mainstream economics is that inflation is caused by the interaction of the supply of money with output and interest rates. Mainstream economist views can be broadly divided into two camps: the \"\"monetarists\"\" who believe that monetary effects dominate all others in setting the rate of inflation, and the \"\"Keynesians\"\" who believe that the interaction of money, interest and output dominate over other effects."
},
{
"docid": "D3335257#0",
"title": "https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/ibus-test-2/deck/4515012\n.",
"text": "\"FDI occurs when afirm:invests directly in facilities to produce a product in a foreign country. Which of the following is an example of a greenfieldinvestment? A Chinese sugar maker setting up a sugar crushing facility in Cuba. The stock of FDI is:the total accumulated value of foreign-owned assets at a given time. The _____ of FDI refers to the amount of FDI undertaken over ayear.flow Which of the following is the prime reason why Africa hasattracted FDI in recent years? Raw material availability Which of the following summarizes the total amount of resourcesinvested in factories, stores, office buildings, and the like? Gross fixed capital formation Which of the following primarily explains why developing nationsare characterized by lower percentage of cross-border mergers and acquisitionscompared to developed nations? When contemplating FDI, why do firms apparently prefer to acquireexisting assets rather than undertake greenfield investments? A French wind power company gives an Indonesian company the rightto produce and sell wind turbines in return for a royalty fee on every unitsold. Which business practice is this an example of?"
},
{
"docid": "D252582#0",
"title": "https://www.tripsavvy.com/what-is-an-exchange-rate-3150138\nWhat is an Exchange Rate and What Does It Mean?",
"text": "\"By Kathleen Crislip Updated 05/15/17Share Pin Email•••If you're planning on traveling abroad any time soon, you'll have likely come across the term \"\"exchange rate\"\". What is it? What do you need to know about it before you plan your trip? And how can it save you money on your vacation? All of these questions are answered below. A foreign exchange rate is the relative value between two currencies. In particular, the exchange rate is the quantity of one currency required to buy or sell one unit of the other currency. * Jump straight to today's exchange rate on Yahoo here or keep reading to understand what the exchange rate means to you. In travel, the exchange rate is defined by how much money, or the amount of a foreign currency, that you can buy with one US dollar. The exchange rate defines how many pesos, euros, or baht you can get for one US dollar (or what the equivalent of one dollar will buy in another country)."
},
{
"docid": "D3028663#0",
"title": "http://findaccountingsoftware.com/directory/infor/infor-erp-syteline/costing/\nInfor SyteLine",
"text": "Infor Syte Line No reviews yet. Write the first? A full ERP system designed by Infor for manufacturers. Demo Pricing Questions about Infor Syte Line? Call (800) 827-1151 and talk to a software expert now. Infor Syte Line is the solution of choice for over 5,000 manufacturers around the world. From repetitive to engineer-to-order, Infor Syte Line enables the processes you need to accelerate production and meet customer demand more quickly. Infor Syte Line enables you to: Increase customer satisfaction Plan and schedule order by order Increase forecasting speed and accuracy Minimize error-prone manual steps Deliver orders on time, every time Reduce inventory levels and shortages Leverage innovative technologies Packaged with smart functionality to address the key challenges manufacturers face today, Infor Syte Line requires less customization, shorter implementation time, and fewer IT resources to maintain. That means an immediate return on your investment, and lower total cost of ownership over the long term. From the very first day, you’ll see improvements in visibility and transparency of data to address your challenges."
},
{
"docid": "D262355#0",
"title": "http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/compare/Australia/Canada/Economy\nCountry vs country: Australia and Canada compared: Economy stats",
"text": "\"Country vs country: Australia and Canada compared: Economy stats Home Country Info Compare Australia vs. Canada Economy Author: chris.lockyer781Both Australia and Canada boast strong economies. As one of the wealthiest nations in the world, Canada is a member of the Group of 8 or G8 countries. Australia just falls outside of the G8, as it has the twelfth largest economy in the world. It has Gross Domestic Product or GDP ranks it eighteenth in the world its total wealth stands at 6.4 trillion dollars. Canada is ranked at thirteenth in the world in terms of GDP and has a total wealth of 6 trillion dollars. The two economies are service driven. The service sector in Canada accounts for seventy five percent of its economic base, while it accounts for sixty eight percent of economic existence in Australia. Canada’s main exports are motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment, chemicals, plastics, fertilizers, wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity and aluminum; while Australia’s main exports are wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, fish and forest products. Canada’s major export partners are the United States of America, the United Kingdom, the European Union, China, Germany and Israel while Australia’s mainly exports goods and services to China, Japan, South Korea and India. The employment rate people of the two countries are relatively high with Canada boasting a ninety three percent employment rate and Australia having a ninety four percent employment rate."
},
{
"docid": "D693599#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_standard\nGold standard",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Gold standard (disambiguation). Two golden 20 kr coins from the Scandinavian Monetary Union, which was based on a gold standard. The coin to the left is Swedish and the right one is Danish. Gold certificates were used as paper currency in the United States from 1882 to 1933. These certificates were freely convertible into gold coins. Under a gold bullion standard, paper notes are convertible at a preset, fixed rate with gold bullion. A gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard economic unit of account is based on a fixed quantity of gold. Three types can be distinguished: specie, bullion, and exchange. In the gold specie standard the monetary unit is associated with the value of circulating gold coins, or the monetary unit has the value of a certain circulating gold coin, but other coins may be made of less valuable metal. The gold bullion standard is a system in which gold coins do not circulate, but the authorities agree to sell gold bullion on demand at a fixed price in exchange for the circulating currency."
},
{
"docid": "D2122318#0",
"title": "http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Currency+exchange+rate\nexchange rate",
"text": "\"exchange rate (redirected from Currency exchange rate) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia . Exchange rate The price of one country's currency expressed in another country's currency. Copyright © 2012, Campbell R. Harvey. All Rights Reserved. Exchange Rate The value of two currencies relative to each other. For example, on a given day, one maytrade one U. S. dollar for a certain number of British pounds. A currency's exchange ratesmay be floating (that is, they may change from day to day) or they may be pegged to another currency. A floating exchange rate is dependent on the supply and demand of theinvolved currencies, as well as the amount of the currency held in foreign reserves. On theother hand, a government may peg its currency to a certain amount in another currency or currency basket. For example, the Qatari riyal has been worth 0.274725 dollars since1980."
},
{
"docid": "D2802426#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Reserves\nForeign-exchange reserves",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Foreign Reserves)navigation search Foreign exchange Exchange rates Currency band Exchange rate Exchange-rate regime Exchange-rate flexibility Dollarization Fixed exchange rate Floating exchange rate Linked exchange rate Managed float regime Dual exchange rate Markets Foreign exchange market Futures exchange Retail foreign exchange trading Assets Currency Currency future Currency forward Non-deliverable forward Foreign exchange swap Currency swap Foreign exchange option Historical agreements Bretton Woods Conference Smithsonian Agreement Plaza Accord Louvre Accord See also Bureau de change Hard currency Currency pair Foreign exchange fraud Currency interventionv t e Foreign-exchange reserves (also called forex reserves or FX reserves) is money or other assets held by a central bank or other monetary authority so that it can pay if need be its liabilities, such as the currency issued by the central bank, as well as the various bank reserves deposited with the central bank by the government and other financial institutions. [ 1] Reserves are held in one or more reserve currencies, mostly the United States dollar and to a lesser extent the Japanese yen. [ 1]Contents [ hide ]1 Definition2 Purpose3 Reserve accumulation3.1 Theories3.1.1 Signaling or vulnerability indicator3.1.2 Precautionary aspect3.1.2.1 External trade3.1.2.2 Financial openness3.1.3 Exchange rate policy3.1.4 Intergenerational savings3.2 Costs4 History4.1 Origins and Gold Standard Era4.2 Post Gold Standard Era5 Adequacy and excess reserves6 List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves7 List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves (excluding gold)8 See also9 References10 External links10.1 Sources10.2 Articles10.3 Speeches10.4 Books Definition [ edit]This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( July 2014) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Reserves of SDRs, forex and gold in 2006Foreign exchange reserves minus external debt In a strict sense, foreign-exchange reserves should only include foreign banknotes, foreign bank deposits, foreign treasury bills, and short and long-term foreign government securities. [ 2] However, the term in popular usage also adds gold reserves, special drawing rights (SDRs), and International Monetary Fund (IMF) reserve positions. This broader figure is more readily available, but it is more accurately termed official international reserves or international reserves. Foreign-exchange reserves are called reserve assets in the balance of payments and are located in the capital account. Hence, they are usually an important part of the international investment position of a country."
},
{
"docid": "D2954273#0",
"title": "http://www.currencyconverter.co.uk/currencies/turkish-lira090326162053\nTurkish Lira - TRY",
"text": "Turkish Lira - TRYTurkey currently uses the lira as its chosen currency. There has been talk for some years about the prospect of Turkey joining the European Union. If this occurred it would therefore replace the lira with the Euro. However we are still a fair way off from seeing this happen. No country is allowed to join the EU or adopt the Euro unless it can meet stringent requirements to put it in the right position to join. As such it may be some time – if at all – before we say goodbye to the Turkish lira. The lira is a decimal currency and can be divided into one hundred kurus. The symbol used to represent the lira is similar to a small ‘t’ with two horizontal lines going across it. As for the kuru, this is represented by the letters ‘kr’. What coins and notes are available for this currency?"
},
{
"docid": "D2484511#0",
"title": "http://www-personal.umich.edu/~alandear/glossary/c.html\n- C -",
"text": "\"- C -C. D. Howe Institute A Canadian think tank that pursues independent research with the objective of raising living standards and \"\"fostering economically sound public policies. \"\" CABEI Central American Bank for Economic Integration Cabotage 1. Navigation and trade by ship along a coast, especially between ports within a country. Since the 1920 Jones Act, this has been restricted in the U. S. to domestic shipping companies. 2. Air transportation within a country. Often restricted to domestic carriers, in an example of barriers to trade in services . CACM Central American Common Market . CAEMC Central African Economic and Monetary Community . CAF Corporacion Andina de Fomento ."
},
{
"docid": "D971352#0",
"title": "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/ppp.asp\nWhat Is Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)?",
"text": "\"Macroeconomic analysis relies on several different metrics to compare economic productivity and standards of living between countries and across time. One popular metric is purchasing power parity (PPP). Purchasing power parity (PPP) is an economic theory that compares different countries' currencies through a \"\"basket of goods\"\" approach. According to this concept, two currencies are in equilibrium or at par when a basket of goods (taking into account the exchange rate) is priced the same in both countries. How to Calculate Purchasing Power Parity The relative version of PPP is calculated with the following formula: Where: S represents exchange rate of currency 1 to currency 2P 1 represents the cost of good x in currency 1P 2 represents the cost of good x in currency 2How PPP Is Used To make a comparison of prices across countries that holds any type of meaning, a wide range of goods and services must be considered. The amount of data that must be collected and the complexity of drawing comparisons makes this process difficult. To facilitate this, the International Comparisons Program (ICP) was established in 1968 by the University of Pennsylvania and the United Nations. Purchasing power parities generated by the ICP are based on a worldwide price survey comparing the prices of hundreds of various goods. This data, in turn, helps international macroeconomists come up with estimates of global productivity and growth. Every three years, the World Bank constructs and releases a report comparing various countries in terms of PPP and U. S. dollars."
},
{
"docid": "D2986882#0",
"title": "http://www.conferenceboard.ca/topics/economics/economic-terms.aspx\nDictionary of Financial, Economic, and Business Terms",
"text": "Dictionary of Financial, Economic, and Business Terms A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | ZAaggregate demand: The total demand for final (or “end-use”) goods and services within an economy. It makes up the national income of an economy.annualized: A rate of change that has been converted into one that reflects the rate on an annual, or yearly, basis.arbitrage: Exploiting price differentials between two or more markets. For example, if the C$ is trading at US$1.05551 in London and US$1.05552 in Paris, an arbitrageur can turn a profit by buying in London and selling in Paris. Bbank rate: The bank rate is the annual rate of interest charged by the Bank of Canada on its one-day loans to financial institutions. ( The Conference Board does a 5-Year and 20 year forecast of this indicator)barrel (bbl): Oil in North America is measured in “barrels.” One barrel equals 42 U. S. gallons, or 159 litres.basis point: One basis point equals 1/100th of a percentage point. Therefore, if the Bank of Canada raises its key lending rate from 5 per cent to 5.25 per cent, it is said to have raised the rate by 25 basis points. BEA: The Bureau of Economic Analysis is the U. S. equivalent of Statistics Canada and a key source of U. S. economic data. It is an agency of the U. S. Department of Commerce. Bretton Woods: In 1944, officials from the Allied countries met in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, to set up an international monetary structure for the post–Second World War era."
},
{
"docid": "D429588#0",
"title": "http://www.creditcardfinder.com.au/foreign-currency-international-fees-for-credit-cards.html\n0% Foreign Fees Credit Cards",
"text": "finder.com.au > Credit Card Finder > Credit Card Fees Important Information*0% Foreign Fees Credit Cards27 March 2018Compare credit cards with 0% foreign fees and save money when you shop overseas. Credit cards with no foreign transaction fees are designed to help you save money, by offering you 0% fees when you're travelling overseas or shopping online with an international retailer. In comparison, most other credit cards charge a fee of 2–3% of each international transaction you make. Use this guide to compare cards that don't charge foreign currency conversion fees. We also go through different travel money expenses and how you can minimise them so that you get the most out of your money when you're overseas or shopping online.0% Foreign Transaction Fee Credit Card Offer Bankwest Zero Platinum Mastercard$0 annual fee 0% foreign transaction fees Eligibility criteria, terms and conditions, fees and charges apply0% Foreign Transaction Fee Credit Card Offer The Bankwest Zero Platinum Mastercard offers 0% foreign transaction fees, complimentary insurance and no annual fee.$0 p.a. annual fee.17.99% p.a. on purchases Cash advance rate of 21.99% p.a. Up to 55 days interest free Go to site More info Promoted Compare No Foreign Currency Exchange Fee Credit Cards Rates last updated April 9th, 2018Bankwest Zero Platinum Mastercard0% of transaction value$0Go to site More info Compare Bankwest Breeze Platinum Mastercard0% of transaction value$0Go to site More info Compare28 Degrees Platinum Mastercard0% of transaction value$0Go to site More info Compare ANZ Rewards Travel Adventures card0% of transaction value$0Go to site More info Compare Bankwest Qantas Platinum Mastercard0% of transaction value$0Go to site More info Compare Bankwest More Platinum Mastercard0% of transaction value$0Go to site More info Compare Compare up to 4 providers Clear selection Compare How to compare 0% foreign fee credit cards A bunch of credit cards offer 0% foreign transaction fees, so what else should you compare when considering a credit card to use overseas? Overseas ATM withdrawal fees. Getting cash out of an ATM overseas can also attract a fee worth at least $3 or between 2-4% of the total transaction."
},
{
"docid": "D245011#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensional_analysis\nDimensional analysis",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search In engineering and science, dimensional analysis is the analysis of the relationships between different physical quantities by identifying their base quantities (such as length, mass, time, and electric charge) and units of measure (such as miles vs. kilometers, or pounds vs. kilograms vs. grams) and tracking these dimensions as calculations or comparisons are performed. Converting from one dimensional unit to another is often somewhat complex. Dimensional analysis, or more specifically the factor-label method, also known as the unit-factor method, is a widely used technique for such conversions using the rules of algebra. [ 1] [2] [3]The concept of physical dimension was introduced by Joseph Fourier in 1822. [ 4] Physical quantities that are of the same kind (also called commensurable) have the same dimension (length, time, mass) and can be directly compared to each other, even if they are originally expressed in differing units of measure (such as inches and meters, or pounds and newtons). If physical quantities have different dimensions (such as length vs. mass), they cannot be expressed in terms of similar units and cannot be compared in quantity (also called incommensurable ). For example, asking whether a kilogram is greater than, equal to, or less than an hour is meaningless. Any physically meaningful equation (and likewise any inequality and inequation) will have the same dimensions on its left and right sides, a property known as dimensional homogeneity. Checking for dimensional homogeneity is a common application of dimensional analysis, serving as a plausibility check on derived equations and computations. It also serves as a guide and constraint in deriving equations that may describe a physical system in the absence of a more rigorous derivation."
},
{
"docid": "D2035391#0",
"title": "http://www.frbsf.org/education/publications/doctor-econ/2001/june/money-market-foreign-exchange/\nWhat are the money and foreign exchange markets? What forces influence supply and demand in these markets?",
"text": "\"What are the money and foreign exchange markets? What forces influence supply and demand in these markets? June 2001The Money and Foreign Exchange Markets Are Key Components of the Financial System Money markets are the financial markets where short-term financial assets are bought and sold. By definition, the financial assets, such as stocks and bonds, that are traded in these markets will mature in one year or less. Over a billion dollars in transactions take place in these markets on a daily basis. Financial institutions, corporations, governments, and the U. S. Treasury are active in the money markets as they adjust their short-term portfolios. Foreign exchange markets facilitate the trade of one foreign currency for another. Most exchanges are made in bank deposits and involve U. S. dollars. Over a trillion dollars in foreign exchange trades take place every day; foreign exchange dealers handle most transactions. Businesses, financial institutions, governments, investors, and individuals use the foreign exchange markets to adjust their currency holdings."
},
{
"docid": "D843905#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_bank\nCentral bank",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Central Bank\"\" redirects here. For central banks named \"\"Central Bank\"\", see List of central banks. \"\" Reserve bank\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Reserve Bank (disambiguation). [ hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages)This article needs additional citations for verification. ( February 2009)This article possibly contains original research. ( November 2014)Public finance Policies [show]Fiscal policy [show]Monetary policy [show]Trade policy [show]Revenue Spending [show]Optimum [show]Reform [show]v t e A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages a state's currency, money supply, and interest rates. Central banks also usually oversee the commercial banking system of their respective countries."
},
{
"docid": "D1381900#0",
"title": "http://www3.nd.edu/~jstiver/FIN462/options.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Types of Options Average Options - A path dependant option, which calculates the average of the path traversed by the asset, arithmetic or weighted. The payoff therefore is the difference between the average price of the underlying asset, over the life of the option, and the exercise price of the option. Barrier Options - These are options that have an embedded price level, (barrier), which if reached will either create a vanilla option or eliminate the existance of a vanilla option. These are referred to as knock-ins/outs which are further explained below. The existance of predetermined price barriers in an option make the probability of pay off all the more difficult. Thus the reason a buyer purchases a barrier option is for the decreased cost and therefore increased leverage. Basket Options - This type of option allows the buyer to combine two or more currencies and to assign a weight to each currency. The payoff is determined by the difference between a predetermined strike price and the combined weighted level of the basket of currencies chosen at the outset. The USDX futures contract can be considered as a basket of currencies, with each currency assigned a particular weight. In the otc market, however, the buyer chooses the currencies and the weight distribution."
},
{
"docid": "D2380806#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_currency\nUnited States dollar",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from US currency)navigation search\"\"USD\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see USD (disambiguation). United States dollar Federal Reserve Notes ISO 4217Code USDNumber 840Exponent 2Denominations Superunit 10 eagle 100 union 1000 grand Subunit 1⁄ 10 dime 1⁄ 100 cent 1⁄ 1000 mill Symbol $cent ¢mill ₥Nickname List [show]Banknotes Freq. used $1, $5, $10, $20, $50, $100 Rarely used $2Coins Freq. used 1¢, 5¢, 10¢, $¼ Rarely used $½, $1Demographics Official user (s)United States East Timor [2] [Note 1]Ecuador [3] [Note 2]El Salvador [4]Federated States of Micronesia Marshall Islands Palau Panama [Note 3]Zimbabwe [Note 4]3 non-U. S. territories [show]Unofficial user (s) 36 other countries [show]6 non-U. S. territories [show]2 non-U. S. cities [show]Issuance Central bank Federal Reserve System Website www .federalreserve .gov Printer Bureau of Engraving and Printing Website www .moneyfactory .gov Mint United States Mint Website www .usmint .gov Valuation Inflation 2.04% (October 2017) Source inflationdata.com Method CPIPegged by 27 currencies [show]The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ and referred to as the dollar, U. S. dollar, or American dollar) is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution since 1792. For most practical purposes, it is divided into 100 smaller cent (¢) units, but officially it can be divided into 1000 mills (₥). The circulating paper money consists of Federal Reserve Notes that are denominated in United States dollars ( 12 U. S. C. § 418 ). Since the suspension in 1971 [8] of convertibility of paper U. S. currency into any precious metal, the U. S. dollar is, de facto, fiat money. [ 9] As it is the most used in international transactions, the U. S. dollar is the world's primary reserve currency. [ 10] Several countries use it as their official currency, and in many others it is the de facto currency. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1245805#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/I-am-travelling-to-Thailand-from-India-Which-Currency-should-I-carry-with-me-US-Dollars-or-Thai-Baht-or-Indian-Rupee\nI am travelling to Thailand from India. Which Currency should I carry with me. US Dollars or Thai Baht or Indian Rupee?",
"text": "Visiting and Travel in Thailand Thailand Currencies International Travel India Personal Question I am travelling to Thailand from India. Which Currency should I carry with me. US Dollars or Thai Baht or Indian Rupee?ad by Honey What are the best ways to travel the world at minimum cost? Use this free tool to save you money on sites like Expedia, Orbitz, Travelocity, and thousands more. Learn More at joinhoney.com36 Answers Ishank Arora, works at Bombardier Answered Jan 8, 2015 · Author has 117 answers and 494.6k answer views Originally Answered: I am planning to go to Bangkok. Is it cheaper to take Thai bhat from India or convert it into US dollars and then convert it into Thai bhat in Thailand? There is a thumb rule which you can follow here: The more number of times you go for currency conversions, the more conversion charges (1.8-3%) you pay every-time. Also, both Thai Baht and INR for instance are weak currencies, so the forward rates are always fluctuating and have a significant impact on the 'return' of the amount converted. My advise would be categorized as per the 2 conditions: 1. If you are carrying amount lesser than 5,000$, then, it's advisable to convert INR to THB straight away."
},
{
"docid": "D1146749#0",
"title": "https://ccbank.us/dictionary/\nFinancial Dictionary",
"text": "Financial Dictionary CC Bank is introducing a financial dictionary (glossary if you will) in order to help users online find the meaning for some of the expressions going around in the financial world. Click on the term you want to read the definition to A1Annual Percentage Rate (APR)The annual percentage rate (APR) is a yearly rate, expressed as a percentage, that is charged for borrowing money, or accrued by investing money. This rate represents the cost of the amount borrowed over the term of the loan. Any additional costs or fees that are associated with this loan will be included in the APR. At first glance, credit card agreements and loan terms can be confusing. There can be a variance in transaction fees, interest rate structure, and penalties. The APR is a standardized calculation that gives the borrower that absolute bottom line amount for which they are responsible. This information can then be used to compare rates and find the best options with potential lenders. Credit card companies and lenders are required by law to disclose the APR to customers, and give clear detail on the actual rates applied to their agreements. You will often see credit card companies advertising low monthly interest rates, but they must also disclose the APR (example: 1.9% per month over 12 months = 22.8% APR) before any agreements are signed."
}
] |
8339 | which vitamin is necessary for cells in the retina to properly function for vision? | [
{
"docid": "D84168#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_A\nVitamin A",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the family of vitamers. For the form usually used as a supplement, see Retinol. Chemical structure of retinol, one of the major forms of vitamin AVitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and several provitamin A carotenoids (most notably beta-carotene ). [ 1] [2] Vitamin A has multiple functions: it is important for growth and development, for the maintenance of the immune system and good vision. [ 3] [4] Vitamin A is needed by the retina of the eye in the form of retinal, which combines with protein opsin to form rhodopsin, the light-absorbing molecule [5] necessary for both low-light ( scotopic vision) and color vision. [ 6] Vitamin A also functions in a very different role as retinoic acid (an irreversibly oxidized form of retinol), which is an important hormone -like growth factor for epithelial and other cells. [ 4] [7]In foods of animal origin, the major form of vitamin A is an ester, primarily retinyl palmitate, which is converted to retinol (chemically an alcohol) in the small intestine. The retinol form functions as a storage form of the vitamin, and can be converted to and from its visually active aldehyde form, retinal. All forms of vitamin A have a beta-ionone ring to which an isoprenoid chain is attached, called a retinyl group. [ 1] Both structural features are essential for vitamin activity. ["
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2677842#0",
"title": "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/achromatic+vision\nvision",
"text": "\"Correct all you're your grammar errors instantly. Try it now.vision (redirected from achromatic vision) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Financial .vision,physiological sense of sight by which the form, color, size, movements, and distance of objects are perceived. Vision in Humans The human eyeeye,organ of vision and light perception. In humans the eye is of the camera type, with an iris diaphragm and variable focusing, or accommodation. Other types of eye are thesimple eye, found in many invertebrates, and the compound eye, found in insects and many other..... Click the link for more information.functions somewhat like a camera; that is, it receives and focuses light upon a photosensitive receiver, the retina. The light rays are bent and brought to focus as they pass throughthe cornea and the lens. The shape of the lens can be changed by the action of the ciliary muscles so that clear images of objects at different distances and of moving objects are formed on the retina. This ability to focus objects at varying distances is known as accommodation. The Role of the Retina The retina—the embryonic outgrowth of the brain—is a very complex tissue. Its most importantelements are its many light-sensitive nerve cells, the rods and cones."
},
{
"docid": "D1450681#0",
"title": "http://www.improveeyesighthq.com/night-blindness.html\nNight Blindness: Causes Of Nyctalopia And Treatments Available",
"text": "Home › Night Blindness Night Blindness: Causes Of Nyctalopia And Treatments Available Night blindness, also known as nyctalopia, is the inability to see clearly at night or in dim light (such as raining or dark room). Nyctalopia is not an eye disease or disorder. It is actually a symptom or indication of an underlying problem in which some may be serious. Most people with nyctalopia are able to see normally in the day but in night time, they become blind as mice. Some individuals have so much trouble with nyctalopia that they wear eyeglasses only at night. Night blindness is absolutely inconvenient and it can be dangerous. Especially if you are driving or walking on the road at night. You just couldn't see what is in front of you. How Night Vision Works? A visual image is formed when light rays reflected from a targeted object, pass through your eyes and reach the retina at the back of the eye."
},
{
"docid": "D2053840#0",
"title": "http://www.unm.edu/~jimmy/senses_notes.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Click on for histology module. The Senses In this unit we study the sensory receptors. All receptors are transducers, that is they respond to a stimulus by changing (transducing) it into a generator or receptor potential. A receptor potential is like the graded potentials which occur at a synapse. Graded potentials can result in an action potential produced in a neuron leading to the brain. Various stimuli can often produce a generator potential including electrical, physical, chemical, and others. But receptors can be classified according to the stimulus to which they normally respond:mechanoreceptors - respond to a mechanical stimulus: examples are touch, pressure, stretch, hearing, balance, position and movement, vibration, muscle contraction, as well as pressoreceptors and baroreceptors. [ muscle spindle ]thermoreceptors - respond to temperature change: example heat and cold.photoreceptors - respond to light: example visionchemoreceptors - respond to various chemicals such as glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones and many, many more. [ taste buds ] [ olfactory cells ]nociceptors - pain receptors from any noxious stimulus [ free nerve endings ]We tend to classify receptors according to the location or origin of the stimulus : Exteroceptors respond to stimuli from outside the body - vision, sound, touch, smell, temperature, pain etc. Interoceptors or visceroceptors respond to stimuli arising within the body such as chemical stimuli, deep pressure, and many others."
},
{
"docid": "D1229830#0",
"title": "http://www.eyedoctorguide.com/eye_problems/Electroretinography.html\nElectroretinography (ERG)",
"text": "Electroretinography (ERG)Electroretinography (ERG)- Diagnosing Problems of the Retina Electroretinography or ERG is a type of eye test used to determine if the retina is functioning properly. During this test the various cells in the retina (rods and cones) are examined. Specifically they are tested to determine their ability to react to light. What is the Retina? The retina captures light and images and sends these images to the brain in the form of a nerve signal. The retina creates images using light sensitive cells that are known as rods and cones. Rods are very sensitive to light and help us to see when there isn’t much light available. Cones provide sharp, clear vision and the ability to see color. They require a lot of light to function properly. Both rods and cones are found in the retina."
},
{
"docid": "D818452#0",
"title": "https://draxe.com/top-10-vitamin-foods/\nTop 10 Vitamin A Foods + Their Benefits",
"text": "Natural Remedies Nutrients & Supplements Top 10 Vitamin A Foods + Their Benefits Top 10 Vitamin A Foods + Their Benefits501 18 911Vitamin A plays a critical role in maintaining healthy eyes and vision, neurological function, healthy skin and hormonal/reproductive health, and its supports the lungs, liver, kidneys and digestive organs. What are good sources of vitamin A? Some to vitamin A foods include carrots, sweet potatoes, kale, berries, eggs, butter, and organ meats like beef or chicken liver. Many people don’t realize that vitamin A from plants (provitamin A) is not the same thing as active/preformed vitamin A (retinol). In the body, active vitamin A is present as retinol, which is bound to a fatty acid. Beta-carotene, the type found primarily in plants, needs to first be converted to active vitamin A in order to be utilized by the body. This takes place in the intestinal mucosa and the liver. Many times the full amount of vitamin A found in a plant food is not converted to active vitamin A, especially if someone has poor gut health that makes conversion difficult. This is one reason why I recommend consuming a varied diet that includes some animal sources of active vitamin A, since these are easier for the body to use. It’s also an example of why it’s so important to heal gut issues like leaky gut syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome — since these types of digestive issues may block your body’s ability to make good use of healthy vitamin A-rich foods."
},
{
"docid": "D1098972#0",
"title": "http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2012/02/06/this-vitamin-found-to-rejuvenate-aging-eyes.aspx\nVitamin D3 Found to Rejuvenate Aging Eyes",
"text": "\"Vitamin D3 Found to Rejuvenate Aging Eyes0February 06, 2012 • 269,500 views Edition: English Previous Next Story at-a-glance After receiving a vitamin D3 supplement for just 6 weeks, mice had improved vision and reductions in retinal inflammation and levels of amyloid beta accumulation, which is a hallmark of aging The findings suggest vitamin D3 may help prevent age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is the most common cause of blindness in the elderly Given that vitamin D affects the accumulation of amyloid beta in the eyes, there is reason to believe it may do so in your brain and other areas, potentially impacting diseases like Alzheimer’s and heart disease Safe sun exposure is the best way to optimize your vitamin D levels, but a safe tanning bed, or a vitamin D3 supplement, can also be used Other important nutrients for eye health include astaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, bilberry, black currant and omega-3 fats By Dr. Mercola It's becoming common knowledge that vitamin D is important for far more than bone health. In the last several years, research has been pouring showing that higher levels of vitamin D are necessary to provide protection from serious chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease, infections, multiple sclerosis and, now, researchers have revealed an important role in aging -- particularly eye aging. Vitamin D is Good for Your Eyes When most people think of nutrients and eye health, they immediately think \"\"vitamin A. or beta carotene. \"\" However, new evidence suggests that vitamin D may be more crucial. New research from the Institute of Ophthalmology at University College London revealed striking eye benefits from vitamin D3 supplementation in older mice. Specifically, after receiving the supplement for just six weeks. Improvements included: Improved vision Reductions in retinal inflammation and levels of amyloid beta accumulation, which is a hallmark of aging Significant reductions in retinal macrophage numbers and marked shifts in their morphology (macrophages are immune cells that can cause inflammatory damage)The findings suggest vitamin D3 may very well help prevent age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is the most common cause of blindness in the elderly. AMD is associated with both amyloid beta accumulation and inflammation, and vitamin D supplementation appears to benefit both of these conditions. Researchers concluded:\"\"These changes were reflected in a significant improvement in visual function, revealing that vitamin D 3 is a route to avoiding the pace of age-related visual decline. Excess amyloid beta deposition and inflammation are risk factors leading to age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the largest cause of blindness in those older than 50 years in developed countries."
},
{
"docid": "D1101477#0",
"title": "http://www.afb.org/info/about-afb/glossary-of-eye-conditions/25\nGlossary of Eye Conditions",
"text": "\"Glossary of Eye Conditions A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - NO - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - ZAAchromatopsia Rare, inherited vision disorder in which a person has little or no ability to see color. People with achromatopsia also commonly experience some vision loss, especially in bright light, to which they are extremely sensitive. The severity of achromatopsia varies. Although there is no cure or treatment for this disorder, people with achromatopsia can manage its symptoms. For example, they can wear sunglasses or tinted contact lenses to cope with bright light. They can use magnifiers and other devices for low vision to help them read, and telescopes to help them see distant objects. Suggested resource: www.achromat.org Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy (AZOOR)Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) is a retinal disease characterized by sudden onset of flashing lights and visual field changes in an individual with a normal retinal exam. It affects women 3 times more frequently than men; most people affected are Caucasian, middle-aged, and myopic. A viral illness has preceded many of the reported cases. Initially only one eye is involved but the other eye may be affected months to years later."
},
{
"docid": "D2129192#0",
"title": "https://www.drugs.com/mcd/iritis\nIritis",
"text": "Disease Reference Care Notes Medication List Q & AMore Overview Symptoms Causes Risk factors Complications Diagnosis Treatment Preparing for an appointment Iritis Overview Iritis (i-RYE-tis) is inflammation that affects the colored ring around your eye's pupil (iris). The iris is a part of the middle layer of the eye (uvea), so iritis is a type of uveitis, also known as anterior uveitis. Iritis, the most common type of uveitis, affects the front of your eye. The cause is often unknown. It can result from an underlying systemic condition or genetic factor. If untreated, iritis could lead to glaucoma or vision loss. If you have symptoms of iritis, see your doctor as soon as possible. Eye with uvea The uvea is a layer of tissue beneath the white of the eye (sclera). It has three parts: the iris, which is the colored part of the eye; the choroid layer, which is the layer of blood vessels and connective tissue between the sclera and the retina; and the ciliary body, which secretes the transparent liquid (aqueous humor) into the eye. Symptoms Iritis can occur in one or both eyes."
},
{
"docid": "D293061#0",
"title": "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Retinal+hemorrhage\nRetinal Hemorrhage",
"text": "\"Correct all you're your grammar errors instantly. Try it now. Retinal Hemorrhage Also found in: Dictionary, Wikipedia. Related to Retinal Hemorrhage: retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage Retinal Hemorrhage Definition Retinal hemorrhage is the abnormal bleeding of the blood vessels in the retina, the membrane in the back of the eye. Description The retina is the part of the eye that converts light into nerve signals that are processed by thebrain into visual images. The retina is the inside surface of the back of the eye, consisting of millions of densely arranged, light-sensitive cells called rods and cones. Blood flow to the retina is maintained by the retinal vein and artery, and a dense network of small blood vessels (capillaries) supplies the area with circulation. These blood vessels can become damaged by injury and disease and may bleed (hemorrhage) and cause temporary or permanent loss of visualaccuracy. Because the cells of the retina are so dense and sensitive, even small injuries to theblood vessels can translate into vision problems. Diseases that affect the health of the circulatorysystem, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, also affect the blood vessels of the eye."
},
{
"docid": "D448680#0",
"title": "https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/anemia-megaloblastic/\nAnemia, Megaloblastic",
"text": "Anemia, Megaloblastic Synonyms of Anemia, Megaloblastic Folate Deficiency Anemia Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia General Discussion Megaloblastic anemia is a condition in which the bone marrow produces unusually large, structurally abnormal, immature red blood cells (megaloblasts). Bone marrow, the soft spongy material found inside certain bones, produces the main blood cells of the body -red cells, white cells, and platelets. Anemia is a condition characterized by the low levels of circulating, red blood cells. Red blood cells are released from the marrow into the bloodstream where they travel throughout the body delivering oxygen to tissue. A deficiency in healthy, fully-matured red blood cells can result in fatigue, paleness of the skin (pallor), lightheadedness and additional findings. Megaloblastic anemia has several different causes - deficiencies of either cobalamin (vitamin B12) or folate (vitamin B9) are the two most common causes. These vitamins play an essential role in the production of red blood cells. Signs & Symptoms In most cases, megaloblastic anemia develops slowly and affected individuals may remain without any apparent symptoms (asymptomatic) for many years. Symptoms common to anemia usually develop at some point and may include fatigue, paleness of the skin (pallor), shortness of breath, lightheadedness, dizziness and a fast or irregular heartbeat. The specific symptoms present in each individual can vary greatly."
},
{
"docid": "D2903249#0",
"title": "http://www.botanical-online.com/nightblindnessdiet.htm\nNIGHT BLINDNESS DIET",
"text": "\"NIGHT BLINDNESS DIETNutrition for night blindness Night blindness diet Characteristics of night blindness Remedies for night blindness Remedies for cataracts Eye diseases DIET FOR NIGHT BLINDNESSEye health and nutrition Night blindness is prevented or improved with a diet rich in plants that stimulate the absorption of light on the retina. Eating vegetables, especially those containing vitamin A, and other antioxidant plant foods can prevent or delay its appearance. The following components are very well-known because of their antioxidant properties. They can cope with free radicals, a factor that can predispose to night blindness. Moreover some of these vitamins can aid to enhance the immune system, making our eyes less vulnerable to infections. It is considered that our eyes need vitamin A, C and D five times more that the rest of our organs. Vitamin A for night blindness A poor diet, especially deficient in vitamin A, can lead to the development of night blindness. Retina cells contains a molecule called retinal which is necessary to see under low conditions of light and to distinguish the different colors of things. Retinal derives from retinol, the type of vitamin A from animal sources. People, as well as other herbivore or omnivore animals, have also the possibility of transforming carotenes into retinal."
},
{
"docid": "D2891363#0",
"title": "https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/sensation-and-perception-5/sensory-processes-38/somatosensation-pressure-temperature-and-pain-165-12700/\nSensory Processes",
"text": "Vision: The Visual System, the Eye, and Color Vision In the human visual system, the eye receives physical stimuli in the form of light and sends those stimuli as electrical signals to the brain, which interprets the signals as images. Learning Objectives Summarize the process by which visual information is communicated to the brain Key Takeaways Key Points Human vision is one of the most complex visual systems among animals. The main sensory organ of the visual system is the eye, which takes in the physical stimuli of light rays and transduces them into electrical and chemical signals that can be interpreted by the brain to construct physical images. The eye has three main layers: the sclera, which includes the cornea; the choroid, which includes the pupil, iris, and lens; and the retina, which includes receptor cells called rods and cones. The human visual system is capable of complex color perception, which is initiated by cones in the retina and completed by impulse integration in the brain. Depth perception is our ability to see in three dimensions and relies on both binocular (two-eye) and monocular (one-eye) cues. Key Termsphototransduction: The process whereby the various bodies in the retina convert light into electrical signals.retina: The thin layer of cells at the back of the eyeball where light is converted into neural signals sent to the brain.photoreceptor: A specialized neuron able to detect and react to light. Includes both cones (daytime and color) and rods (nighttime). The human visual system gives our bodies the ability to see our physical environment. The system requires communication between its major sensory organ (the eye) and the core of the central nervous system (the brain) to interpret external stimuli (light waves) as images."
},
{
"docid": "D2147024#0",
"title": "https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/sensation-and-perception-5/sensory-processes-38/audition-hearing-the-ear-and-sound-localization-162-12697/\nSensory Processes",
"text": "Vision: The Visual System, the Eye, and Color Vision In the human visual system, the eye receives physical stimuli in the form of light and sends those stimuli as electrical signals to the brain, which interprets the signals as images. Learning Objectives Summarize the process by which visual information is communicated to the brain Key Takeaways Key Points Human vision is one of the most complex visual systems among animals. The main sensory organ of the visual system is the eye, which takes in the physical stimuli of light rays and transduces them into electrical and chemical signals that can be interpreted by the brain to construct physical images. The eye has three main layers: the sclera, which includes the cornea; the choroid, which includes the pupil, iris, and lens; and the retina, which includes receptor cells called rods and cones. The human visual system is capable of complex color perception, which is initiated by cones in the retina and completed by impulse integration in the brain. Depth perception is our ability to see in three dimensions and relies on both binocular (two-eye) and monocular (one-eye) cues. Key Termsphototransduction: The process whereby the various bodies in the retina convert light into electrical signals.retina: The thin layer of cells at the back of the eyeball where light is converted into neural signals sent to the brain.photoreceptor: A specialized neuron able to detect and react to light. Includes both cones (daytime and color) and rods (nighttime). The human visual system gives our bodies the ability to see our physical environment. The system requires communication between its major sensory organ (the eye) and the core of the central nervous system (the brain) to interpret external stimuli (light waves) as images."
},
{
"docid": "D90227#0",
"title": "https://nei.nih.gov/health/pigmentosa/pigmentosa_facts\nWhat is retinitis pigmentosa?",
"text": "What is retinitis pigmentosa? Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of rare, genetic disorders that involve a breakdown and loss of cells in the retina—which is the light sensitive tissue that lines the back of the eye. Common symptoms include difficulty seeing at night and a loss of side (peripheral) vision. The retina is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye that contains photoreceptors and other cell types What causes RP? RP is an inherited disorder that results from harmful changes in any one of more than 50 genes. These genes carry the instructions for making proteins that are needed in cells within the retina, called photoreceptors. Some of the changes, or mutations, within genes are so severe that the gene cannot make the required protein, limiting the cellís function. Other mutations produce a protein that is toxic to the cell. Still other mutations lead to an abnormal protein that doesnít function properly. In all three cases, the result is damage to the photoreceptors."
},
{
"docid": "D464187#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell\nPhotoreceptor cell",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about cellular photoreceptors. For other types of photoreceptors, see Photoreceptor (disambiguation). Photoreceptor cell Functional parts of the rods and cones, which are two of the three types of photosensitive cells in the retina Identifiers Neuro Lex ID sao226523927Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [ edit on Wikidata]A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of sensory neuron found in the retina that is capable of visual phototransduction. The great biological importance of photoreceptors is that they convert light (visible electromagnetic radiation) into signals that can stimulate biological processes. To be more specific, photoreceptor proteins in the cell absorb photons, triggering a change in the cell's membrane potential. There are currently three known types of photoreceptor cells in mammalian eyes: rods, cones, and photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. The two classic photoreceptor cells are rods and cones, each contributing information used by the visual system to form a representation of the visual world, sight. The rods are narrower than the cones and distributed differently across the retina, but the chemical process in each that supports phototransduction is similar. [ 1] A third class of mammalian photoreceptor cell was discovered during the 1990s: [2] the photosensitive ganglion cells. These cells do not contribute to sight directly, but are thought to support circadian rhythms and pupillary reflex."
},
{
"docid": "D1249106#0",
"title": "http://www.visionaware.org/info/your-eye-condition/guide-to-eye-conditions/12\nGlossary of Eye Conditions",
"text": "\"AAchromatopsia Rare, inherited vision disorder in which a person has little or no ability to see color. People with achromatopsia also commonly experience some vision loss, especially in bright light, to which they are extremely sensitive. The severity of achromatopsia varies. Although there is no cure or treatment for this disorder, people with achromatopsia can manage its symptoms. For example, they can wear sunglasses or tinted contact lenses to cope with bright light. They can use magnifiers and other devices for low vision to help them read, and telescopes to help them see distant objects. Suggested resource: www.achromat.org Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy (AZOOR)Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) is a retinal disease characterized by sudden onset of flashing lights and visual field changes in an individual with a normal retinal exam. It affects women 3 times more frequently than men; most people affected are Caucasian, middle-aged, and myopic. A viral illness has preceded many of the reported cases. Initially only one eye is involved but the other eye may be affected months to years later."
},
{
"docid": "D1227495#0",
"title": "http://www.carrotmuseum.co.uk/betacarotene.html\nBeta Carotene & Carrots",
"text": "\"Beta Carotene & Carrots History Wild Carrot Today Nutrition Cultivation Recipes Trivia Links Home Contact Carrots are rich in Beta Carotene PLEASE NOTE: The Carrot Museum does not recommend self diagnosis or self medication. The information contained in this web site has not been verified for correctness. Some of the information contained herein is hearsay and may not be correct. Use the information from this page only at your own risk! If in doubt consult a doctor. Dictionary Definition - carotene (n.) Look up carotene at Dictionary.com hydrocarbon found in carrots and other plants, 1861, from German carotin, coined 1831 by German chemist H. W. F. Wackenroder (1789-1854) from Latin carota \"\"carrot\"\" (see carrot) + German form of chemical suffix -ine (2), denoting a hydrocarbon Health Benefits - Characteristics - Main Sources - Daily Needsβ-Carotene is an organic, strongly coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruits. It is a member of the carotenes, which are terpenoids (isoprenoids), synthesized biochemically from eight isoprene units and thus having 40 carbons. Among the carotenes, β-carotene is distinguished by having beta-rings at both ends of the molecule. β-Carotene is biosynthesized from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. [ 5] β-Carotene is the most common form of carotene in plants."
},
{
"docid": "D785030#0",
"title": "http://admin-vitamins.blogspot.com/2009/12/physiological-function-of-vitamin.html\nThe physiological function of vitamin A",
"text": "The physiological function of vitamin ADollar unsaturated alcohols, is a fat-soluble vitamins. As human beings or mammals, the lack of vitamin A in dry eye occurs when the vulnerable, it is also known as anti-alcohol dry eye. Vitamin A is known A1 and A2 are two kinds, A1 found in animal liver, blood and the retina in the eye, also known as retinol, natural vitamin A major in this form. A2 mainly in the liver of freshwater fish. A1 is a fat-soluble vitamin yellow flaky crystal, melting point 64 ℃, vitamin A2 melting point 17 ~ 19 ℃, usually a golden yellow oily. Vitamin A is a ring containing the β-Angelica-one multi-enol. The chemical structure of vitamin A2 and A1 the difference only in the β-Angelica-one ring more than one double bond in 3,4-position. Vitamin A molecules have unsaturated bonds, the chemical nature of the lively, easily oxidized in air, or by exposure to ultraviolet damage, loss of physiological function, so vitamin A, agents should be packed in dark brown bottles to save. Either A1 or A2, both with the role of antimony trichloride, showing the deep blue of this nature can be used as a basis for quantitative determination of vitamin A. Many plants such as carrots, tomatoes, green leafy vegetables, maize carotenoid-containing substances, such as α, β, γ-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein and so on. Some of carotenoids and vitamin A1 have the same ring structure, in the body can be transformed into vitamin A, it is known as the vitamin A of the original, β-carotene, vitamin A1 contains two ring structure, the conversion rate is highest."
},
{
"docid": "D2881615#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/28590184/nutrition-review-vitamins-flash-cards/\nNutrition Review: Vitamins",
"text": "70 terms mn231611Nutrition Review: Vitamins Chapter 7Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Fat-Soluble Vitamins Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin KWater-Soluble Vitamins B Vitamins; Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Folate, Vitamin (B12), Vitamin (B6), Biotin, Pantothenic acid, Vitamin CVitamins Organic compounds that are vital to life and indispensable to body functions but are needed only in minute amounts; noncaloric essential nutrients. Precursors Compounds that can be converted into active vitamins. Also called provitamins. Beta-Carotene An orange pigment with antioxidant activity; a vitamin A precursor made by plants and stored in human fat tissue. Retinol One of the active forms of vitamin A made from beta-carotene in animal and human bodies; an antioxidant nutrient. Other active forms are retinal and retinoic acid. Retina The layer of light sensitive nerve cells lining the back of the inside of the eye. Cornea The hard, transparent membrane covering the outside of the eye."
},
{
"docid": "D3253638#0",
"title": "https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2014/05/05/foods-eyesight-improvement.aspx\nFoods That Can Help Protect and Improve Your Eyesight",
"text": "\"Foods That Can Help Protect and Improve Your Eyesight1.8KMay 05, 2014 • 604,121 views Edition: English Previous Next Story at-a-glance Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness among the elderly, followed by cataracts The pathology of both of these conditions has been attributed to free radical damage, and the condition is in many cases largely preventable through an antioxidant-rich diet Whole foods that support eye health and have been shown to protect against AMD include black currant, bilberry, leafy greens and other colorful vegetables, and pastured egg yolks The omega-3 fatty acid DHA is concentrated in your eye’s retina. It provides structural support to cell membranes that protect retinal function. Eating foods rich in omega-3 fats, such as salmon, may slow AMDWild-caught salmon also contains astaxanthin, which may be among the most important nutrients for the prevention of blindness1 of 5 Black Currant« »Black currants contain some of the highest levels of the antioxidant anthocyanins found in nature. It's also rich in essential fatty acids, lending added support to its anti-inflammatory properties. For medicinal purposes, many opt for using black currant seed oil, but eating the whole food is always an option, especially when they're in season.loading By Dr. Mercola Failing vision is often accepted as a natural part of aging, but it's really more of a side effect of our modern lifestyle. Aging does not automatically equate to decreased vision, provided you've properly nourished your eyes through the years. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness among the elderly, followed by cataracts. The pathology of both of these conditions has been attributed to free radical damage, and the condition is in many cases largely preventable through an antioxidant-rich diet. Certain health conditions, such as obesity and diabetes, can also have a detrimental impact on your eyesight, and these too are primarily lifestyle-driven. Here, I'll review specific foods known to support and promote eye health, along with a few additional tips for protecting your vision as you grow older."
}
] |
8348 | who holds greek debt | [
{
"docid": "D1713157#0",
"title": "http://money.cnn.com/2015/01/28/investing/greek-debt-who-has-most-to-lose/index.html\nGreek debt crisis: Who has most to lose?",
"text": "Greece and its international lenders have embarked on a battle over the country's staggering debt. The new Greek government, led by left-wing party Syriza, wants the debt reduced and its terms renegotiated; its creditors are reluctant to forgive any debt, but may be prepared to talk about extending the deadlines for repayment. Analysts say some sort of restructuring might be necessary. Greek government debt stands at 323 billion euros ($366 billion), over 175% of the country's GDP. Powered by Smart Asset.com Retirement Income Calculator Annual Income What you've saved What you save monthly6%of income Calculate Smart Asset.com About 246 billion euros was lent by other countries in the eurozone, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund -- otherwise known as the Troika -- to prevent Greece collapsing and crashing out of the euro. Syriza won the election after portraying the Troika as the enemy because of the tough austerity program it imposed on Greece in exchange for its money. So who stands to lose most? Eurozone Most Greek debt is held by other eurozone countries. Around 53 billion euros was loaned through bilateral agreements, according to researchers at Open Europe. The Greek government would have to renegotiate these with each country individually."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1713162#0",
"title": "http://www.aalep.eu/who-holds-greek-debt\nWHO HOLDS GREEK DEBT?",
"text": "Submitted by christian on Mon, 02/02/2015 - 18:54Greece owes a total of 307 billion euros (or 177% of its GDP) broken down as follows: European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF): € 141.8 billion or 46.2% of total Greek debt. Low interest rate of 1.5% on average Bilateral Loans: € 52.9 billion or 17.2% of total Greek debt. France is owed € 11 billion and Germany € 15 billion. European governments are the most exposed (€ 141.8 billion + € 52.9 billion= € 184.7 billion). In 2012 European governments offered Greece 10 year loan without interest. International Monetary Fund (IMF): € 32 billion or 10.4% of total Greek debt. IMF is a preferential creditor European Central Bank (ECB): € 27 billion or 8.8% of total Greek debt. ECB is a preferential creditor Markets (banks, funds, insurance): € 53 billion or 17.3% of total Greek debt. Already in 2010 they already granted Greece 70% on the value of their securities by making a gift to Greece of € 107 billion. Loan maturity: Currently 30 year on average."
},
{
"docid": "D2658535#0",
"title": "http://www.telesurtv.net/english/opinion/Greek-Default-What-Does-the-Troika-Really-Want-20150616-0018.html\nGreek Default? What Does the Troika Really Want?",
"text": "Opinion > Articles Greek Default? What Does the Troika Really Want? By: Jack Rasmus Published 16 June 2015Comments-Opinion The Contemporary Jewish Dilemma: Adopt or Reject Zionismby Yoav Litvin Operation Old Jail: A Blow to Temer’s Party in Rio de Jan...by Gabriel Carin Remembering Brazil's Leftist President João Goulartby Edu Montesanti‘Say the Word’: What the Rohingya Struggle is Really Abou...by Ramzy Baroud Newsletter Get our newsletter delivered directly to your inbox I have already subscribed | Do not show this message again A default would reduce the value of the Euro further and theoretically provide another boost to exports and the sagging Eurozone economy. In the past week, Greece and the coalition of the Eurozone’s Troika of Eurozone finance ministers, the IMF, and the European Central Bank (ECB) have both hardened their positions as negotiations grow increasingly acrimonious over the future of Greek debt payments. The extension of the Greek debt negotiations, which was agreed on February 28, is due to expire June 30. If no new agreement, or further extension, is agreed to by the end of June, a default by Greece on its debt is likely. Default is simply a legal term meaning failure to make timely payments on interest and principal due on a debt. Earlier this month, Greece postponed a payment that was due to the IMF. However, according to IMF’s own rules, Greece was able to do so since Greece offered to combine the early June payment with another payment due at the end of June. Since announcing that postponement, the positions have hardened, with ultimatum-like public declarations forthcoming by both sides."
},
{
"docid": "D484667#0",
"title": "https://newrepublic.com/article/112861/birth-political-rhetoric-ancient-democracy\nThe Trouble With Speeches",
"text": "\"\"\"Phryne Goes to the Baths as Venus, Demosthenes Taunted by Aeschines.\"\" J. M. W. Turner via Wikimedia Commons The Trouble With Speeches The Birth of Political Rhetoric in an Ancient Democracy By Emily Wilson April 27, 2013Greece has had a troubled history since the start of the debt crisis in 2009. The people of the country, quite understandably, feel resentful at having to defer to the bureaucratic power of the European Union: it represents an undignified loss of their autonomy and freedom. The current troubles have re-opened old, even ancient wounds. Greece—located on the eastern fringe of modern Europe—prides itself on being the “cradle of Western civilization,” the birthplace not only of many of our most important literary and artistic and scientific concepts (tragedy, comedy, history, philosophy, classical sculpture and architecture, mathematics, medicine, botany, and so on), but also of the political structure associated by most Westerners with individual liberty. Fifth-century Athens was one of the world’s first democratic societies. But the ancient Greeks, like their modern counterparts, experienced constant threats to the freedom that they saw as the primary component of their civilization. Ancient Athens was democratic in a very different sense from modern democratic societies, like those of a contemporary European nation, or the United Kingdom, or the United States. In some ways, it involved far more active involvement by the citizens in the process of government: important decisions (such as whether to go to war or not) were made by the direct vote of all the citizens, not by elected representatives. Citizens actually did show up regularly to vote (in contrast to the United States, where it is common for half the electorate, usually the poorer half, not to attend the polling stations)."
},
{
"docid": "D2662568#0",
"title": "http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16834815\nHow 'magic' made Greek debt disappear before it joined the euro",
"text": "\"How 'magic' made Greek debt disappear before it joined the euro By Allan Little BBC News3 February 2012Share What financial 'magic' did Greece perform to join the single currency? Greece is at the heart of the ongoing eurozone crisis, but is past sleight of hand by Greek statisticians to blame for the country's current financial meltdown? \"\" We used to call him the magician, because he could make everything disappear. \"\" He made inflation disappear. And then he made the deficit disappear,\"\" recalls Greek economist Miranda Xafa. In the 1990s Miranda Xafa was working for an investment house in London, watching from a distance, as her native Greece got ready for membership of the euro. The Greek railway had more employees than passengers. A former minister, Stefanos Manos, had said publicly at the time that it would be cheaper to send everyone by taxi Miranda Xafa, Greek economist She knew - and advised her clients - that the country's economy was not ready, that the statistics its government was publishing did not reflect reality. \"\" I used to come to Athens from London, with clients of Salomon Brothers,\"\" she tells me. \"\" We always saw the head of the statistical agency of Greece, who compiled all the statistics on the debt, the deficit and so on. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D2286467#0",
"title": "https://www.ancient.eu/Athenian_Democracy/\nAthenian Democracy",
"text": "Athens in the 5th to 4th century BCE had an extraordinary system of government: democracy. Under this system, all male citizens had equal political rights, freedom of speech, and the opportunity to participate directly in the political arena. Further, not only did citizens participate in a direct democracy whereby they themselves made the decisions by which they lived, but they also actively served in the institutions that governed them, and so they directly controlled all parts of the political process. Ancient Sources Other city -states had, at one time or another, systems of democracy, notably Argos, Syracuse, Rhodes, and Erythrai. In addition, sometimes even oligarchic systems could involve a high degree of political equality, but the Athenian version, starting from c. 460 BCE and ending c. 320 BCE and involving all male citizens, was certainly the most developed. The word democracy (dēmokratia) derives from dēmos, which refers to the entire citizen body: the People. The contemporary sources which describe the workings of democracy typically relate to Athens and include such texts as the Constitution of the Athenians from the School of Aristotle; the works of the Greek historians Herodotus, Thucydides, and Xenophon; texts of over 150 speeches by such figures as Demosthenes; inscriptions in stone of decrees, laws, contracts, public honours and more; and Greek Comedy plays such as those by Aristophanes. Unfortunately, sources on the other democratic governments in ancient Greece are few and far between. This being the case, the following remarks on democracy are focussed on the Athenians. The Assembly & Council The word democracy ( dēmokratia) derives from dēmos, which refers to the entire citizen body, and kratos, meaning rule."
},
{
"docid": "D1713161#0",
"title": "http://www.greekdefaultwatch.com/2011/04/who-holds-greek-debt.html\nWho Holds Greek Debt?",
"text": "Who Holds Greek Debt? As talk grows of Greece restructuring its debt, it is important to take a look at who really holds Greek debt and who will be affected by a potential restructuring. At the end of 2010, the Ministry of Finance (MOF) reported that the Greek government had an outstanding public debt of €340 billion, of which €286 billion was in the form of bonds and short-term notes and €54 billion in the form of loans (see here ). Dissecting who holds that debt, however, is a murky exercise. Below is my effort to reconcile the numbers – these are estimates at best and I hope to revisit these numbers as better information becomes available (the graph shows Q3 2010 because that is the last date for which all data is reported). Domestic vs. Foreign The main source for separating domestic versus foreign debt is the Bank of Greece (Bo G). The Bo G reports the country’s International Investment Position (IIP), which is effectively the country’s assets versus its liabilities ( here ). At the end of 2010, the Bo G reported external liabilities for the General Government of €149 billion (lines 2.2.2.1 + 2.2.2.2). There is also the debt to the Troika under the bail-out plan, which at the end of 2010 was valued at €40 billion (line 4.2.2.3 in the IIP, which also covers some other small liabilities). There is another tranche, which is less clear cut: bank borrowing from the European Central Bank (ECB)."
},
{
"docid": "D1029054#0",
"title": "http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/what-a-grexit-would-mean-for-greece-and-for-europe-a-1019542.html\nThe Grexit DilemmaWhat Would Happen if Greece Leaves the Euro Zone?",
"text": "\"The Grexit Dilemma What Would Happen if Greece Leaves the Euro Zone? Banks across Europe, including the European Central Bank, are preparing for the possibility of Greece leaving the euro zone. With Athens and Brussels still at odds, such an eventuality seems more realistic than ever. But how disruptive would a Grexit really be? By SPIEGEL Staff Photos DPAFebruary 20, 2015 06:28 PMPrint Feedback Comment On Wednesday of this week, 30 top managers at a large German bank all received a text message and an email at the exact same time. A short time later, their mobile phones rang with an automated voice giving them all passwords and a number to call at exactly 8:30 a.m. to join a teleconference with the board of directors. The communication blast was the initial step of the bank's emergency \"\"Grexit\"\" plan, a strategy laid out in a document dozens of pages long detailing exactly how managers should react in the event that Greece leaves the euro zone. Each of the 30 bank managers were required to work through the emergency measures pertaining to his or her division. Information was to be transferred to the supervisory board and public officials were likewise to be kept informed as was the German Finance Ministry. The plan also called for large investors to be put at ease."
},
{
"docid": "D709421#0",
"title": "http://www.ancient.eu/carthage/\nCarthage",
"text": "According to legend, Carthage was founded by the Phoenician Queen Elissa (better known as Dido) sometime around 813 BCE although, actually, it rose following Alexander 's destruction of Tyre in 332 BCE. The city (in modern-day Tunisia, North Africa) was originally known as Kart-hadasht (new city) to distinguish it from the older Phoenician city of Utica nearby. The Greeks called the city Karchedon and the Romans turned this name into Carthago. Originally a small port on the coast, established only as a stop for Phoenician traders to re-supply or repair their ships, Carthage grew to become the most powerful city in the Mediterranean before the rise of Rome. A City of Trade After the fall of the great Phoenician city of Tyre to Alexander the Great in 332 BCE, those Tyrians who were able to escape fled to Carthage with whatever wealth they had. Since many whom Alexander spared were those rich enough to buy their lives, these refugees landed in the city with considerable means and established Carthage as the new centre of Phoenician trade. The Carthaginian trading ships sailed daily to ports all around the Mediterranean Sea while their navy, supreme in the region, kept them safe. The Carthaginians then drove the native Africans from the area, enslaved many of them, and exacted tribute from the rest. In time, they established a working relationship with the tribes of neighboring Numidia who would fill the ranks of their military as formidable cavalry troops. From a small town on the coast, the city grew in size and grandeur with enormous estates covering miles of acreage."
},
{
"docid": "D1214493#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_antiquity\nSlavery in antiquity",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Part of a series on Slavery Contemporary [show]Historical [show]By country or region [show]Religion [show]Opposition and resistance [show]Related [show]v t e This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( September 2014) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Slavery in the ancient world, from the earliest known recorded evidence in Sumer to the pre-medieval Antiquity Mediterranean cultures, comprised a mixture of debt-slavery, slavery as a punishment for crime, and the enslavement of prisoners of war. [ 1]Masters could free slaves, and in many cases such freedmen went on to rise to positions of power. This would include those children born into slavery but who were actually the children of the master of the house. Their father would ensure that his children were not condemned to a life of slavery. The institution of slavery condemned a majority of slaves to agricultural and industrial labor and they lived hard lives. In many of these cultures slaves formed a very large part of the economy, and in particular the Roman Empire and some of the Greek City-States built a large part of their wealth on slaves acquired through conquest. Contents [ hide ]1 Ancient Near East2 Ancient Egypt3 In the Bible4 Ancient Greece5 Ancient Rome6 Ancient Persia7 See also8 References Ancient Near East [ edit]The Sumerian Code of Ur-Nammu includes laws relating to slaves, written circa 2100 – 2050 BCE; it is the oldest known tablet containing a law code surviving today."
},
{
"docid": "D1144594#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_sovereign_debt_crisis\nEuropean debt crisis",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from European sovereign debt crisis)navigation search Long-term interest rates ( secondary market yields of government bonds with maturities of close to ten years) of all eurozone countries except Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. [ 1] A yield being more than 4% points higher compared to the lowest comparable yield among the eurozone states, i.e. yields above 6% in September 2011, indicates that financial institutions have serious doubts about credit-worthiness of the state. [ 2]The European debt crisis (often also referred to as the Eurozone crisis or the European sovereign debt crisis) is a multi-year debt crisis that has been taking place in the European Union since the end of 2009. Several eurozone member states ( Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Spain and Cyprus) were unable to repay or refinance their government debt or to bail out over-indebted banks under their national supervision without the assistance of third parties like other Eurozone countries, the European Central Bank (ECB), or the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The detailed causes of the debt crisis varied. In several countries, private debts arising from a property bubble were transferred to sovereign debt as a result of banking system bailouts and government responses to slowing economies post-bubble. The structure of the eurozone as a currency union (i.e., one currency) without fiscal union (e.g., different tax and public pension rules) contributed to the crisis and limited the ability of European leaders to respond. [ 3] [4] European banks own a significant amount of sovereign debt, such that concerns regarding the solvency of banking systems or sovereigns are negatively reinforcing. [ 5]As concerns intensified in early 2010 and thereafter, [6] [7] leading European nations implemented a series of financial support measures such as the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) and European Stability Mechanism (ESM). The ECB also contributed to solve the crisis by lowering interest rates and providing cheap loans of more than one trillion euro in order to maintain money flows between European banks."
},
{
"docid": "D1037569#0",
"title": "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/23/greece-election-world-implications_n_6517014.html\nWhat Greeceâs Election Means For The Rest Of The World",
"text": "Greece will vote in parliamentary elections on Sunday, nearly one month after Prime Minister Antonis Samaras was forced to call a snap vote after parliament failed to agree on a new president. Polls indicate that radical left-wing party Syriza is set to take the most votes. Whether Syriza gains an outright majority or forms a ruling coalition, the party’s firebrand leader Alexis Tsipras looks set to become prime minister of the troubled European nation. Samaras’ popularity has declined significantly since coming into office in 2012, amid a strict austerity program imposed by Greece’s “troika” creditors, made up of eurozone countries, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Greece received bailouts from the “troika” in 2010 and 2012 totaling 240 billion euros (or $283 billion), and continued funding is set for review again in February. Despite recent economic gains, unemployment remains as high as 26 percent and the economy is still struggling, the Economist reports. Tsipras has campaigned furiously against the austerity measures and vowed to renegotiate the country’s huge debt burden. But countries who funded the bailouts, most notably Germany, have refused to negotiate debt relief. The potential standoff raises the prospect that Greece will default on its debt and leave the euro currency, causing economic and political reverberations around the world. Here are some of the potential implications of Greece’s election for the rest of the globe: HISTORIC MOMENT FOR THE EUROAnalysts say that despite their threatening rhetoric, both Greece and Germany have more interest in striking a deal than a Greek default."
},
{
"docid": "D2474185#0",
"title": "http://www.penfield.edu/webpages/jgiotto/onlinetextbook.cfm?subpage=1636175\n.",
"text": "\"The Archaic Period (800-500BC)The Archaic, or old period of ancient Greece was, until the discovery of the Mycenaean Civilization, thought to have been the beginning of Greek history. Although we now know that Greek history dates back to the Mycenaean times, the Archaic Period was a time of re-birth. Between the Mycenaean times and the Archaic Period was the Greek Dark Ages, a time of low population, iron-making, lawlessness, lack of art, and illiteracy (not being able to read or write). To understand the changes in the Archaic Period, we should review the Dark Ages of Greece. The poet Homer gives us our best look into this period in his poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey. The Dark Ages, according to these poems, was a time when kings had limited power. Kings are described as being poor farmers, thieves, and pirates. There was an aristocracy that ruled during the Dark Ages, men, whose families had attained power, but these men were not rich, nor did they have the total power of the Mycenaean kings before them. No one person could elevate himself above the rest. Dark Age Greeks could not read or write during this time (illiteracy)."
},
{
"docid": "D790936#0",
"title": "http://www.newsweek.com/greeces-debt-crisis-how-much-does-it-really-owe-348659\nGreece's Debt Crisis: How Much Does It Really Owe?",
"text": "Greece's Debt Crisis: How Much Does It Really Owe? By Reuters On 6/30/15 at 11:32 AMA dealer reacts as he makes a phone call on the IG Group trading floor in London, Britain June 30, 2015. Euro zone stocks and low-rated bonds recovered the worst of their losses on Tuesday but remained on edge as Greece looked set to default on a debt repayment to the IMF and plunge deeper into financial crisis. Neil Hall/Reuters Share World Greece Greek Debt Crisis BRUSSELS (Reuters) - Greece, which is set to default on an International Monetary Fund debt repayment due on Tuesday, owes official lenders 242.8 billion euros ($271 billion), according to a Reuters calculation based on official data. Germany is by far the largest creditor. That figure includes loans made under two bailouts from European governments and the IMF since 2010—worth a nominal 220 billion euros so far, of which some has been repaid—as well as Greek government bonds held by the European Central Bank and national central banks in the euro zone. Private investors hold 38.7 billion euros of Greek government bonds following a major write-down and debt swap in 2012 that reduced the Greek debt stock by 107 billion euros and the value of private holdings by an estimated 75 percent. Recommended Slideshows44In Pictures: Every U. S. President Ranked From Best to Worst5150 Best Places to Live in the U. S. in 201851In Pictures: The 50 Most Powerful Military Forces in the World The Greek government has also issued 15 billion euros in short-term Treasury bills, mostly to Greek banks. Here is a breakdown of the country's foreign debt stock: IMF - Greece was promised a total of 48.1 billion euros by the IMF, of which 16.3 billion was still to come by March 2016 if Athens successfully completed the second economic adjustment program. It had serviced and repaid loans on time up to this month, when it used an obscure IMF provision to bundle together four payments totaling 1.6 billion euros for payment by the end of June."
},
{
"docid": "D3105971#0",
"title": "http://time.com/3980384/germany-europe-greece-crisis/\nDon't Blame Germany for Greece's Debt Crisis",
"text": "IDEASZócalo Public Square is a magazine of ideas from Arizona State University Knowledge Enterprise. Germany knows a thing or two about being punished for bad deeds, but in recent weeks the country has been the poster child for the old adage that no good deed goes unpunished. There is no other way to describe the reputational black eye Germans received as a result of the drawn-out Greek bailout negotiations that culminated last week in the approval of a deal struck with other eurozone countries. No country has done more than Germany in recent times to raise living standards and democratic norms across Europe, which is one reason the country that once bedeviled the continent emerged as the world’s most admired nation in a 2013 BBC poll conducted in 25 countries. But over this summer, it’s been stunning to see how easily we can be lured back into embracing darker stereotypes of those bullying, inflexible Germans. The prevailing narrative of the Greek crisis in U. S. media, and on social media, was that the poor Greek people and their idealistic young Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras were being driven to the brink by heartless creditors, led by Germany’s Chancellor Angela Merkel and her Finance Minister, Wolfgang Schäuble. The Germans, and their “troika” of servants – the European Central Bank, the European Commission and the International Monetary Fund – had saddled too much debt on the Greeks, imposed counterproductive austerity policies on its government and demanded humiliating reforms that violated Greek sovereignty. It’s hard not to empathize with the people of Greece; The country’s GDP shrank by a staggering 25 percent in just five years. But the prevailing narrative of a morally tidy showdown between stingy, stubborn Germanic creditors and their victimized Greek debtors overlooked a number of inconvenient truths. For starters, the Greek debt crisis was triggered in no small part by the 2009 revelation that the Greek government had falsified its economic data to make the country appear a member in good standing of the eurozone."
},
{
"docid": "D1579000#0",
"title": "http://www.businessinsider.com/greece-is-confirming-that-margaret-thatcher-was-right-about-socialist-governments-2015-6\nGreece is confirming that Margaret Thatcher was right about socialist governments",
"text": "\"George F. Will, The Washington Post Jun. 21, 2015, 1:01 PM 83,595Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras looks on during a parliamentary session for the briefing of lawmakers over the ongoing talks with the country's lenders, in Athens, Greece June 5, 2015. REUTERS/Alkis Konstantinidis Now come Greeks bearing the gift of confirmation that Margaret Thatcher was right about socialist governments: \"\"They always run out of other people's money. \"\" Greece, from whose ancient playwrights Western drama descends, is in an absurdist melodrama about securing yet another cash infusion from international creditors. This would add another boulder to a mountain of debt almost twice the size of Greece's gross domestic product. This protracted dispute will result in desirable carnage if Greece defaults, thereby becoming a constructively frightening example to all democracies doling out unsustainable, growth-suppressing entitlements. In January, Greek voters gave power to the left-wing Syriza party, one third of which, the Economist reports, consists of \"\"Maoists, Marxists and supporters of Che Guevara.\"\" Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras, 40, a retired student radical, immediately denounced a European Union declaration criticizing Russia's dismemberment of Ukraine. He chose only one cabinet member with prior government experience — a former leader of Greece's Stalinist Communist Party. Tsipras's minister for culture and education says Greek education \"\"should not be governed by the principle of excellence . . . it is a warped ambition.\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D2194106#0",
"title": "https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/14/world/europe/greeks-welcome-debt-deal-but-reservations-linger.html\nGreek Merchants Fear a Way of Life Is Disappearing",
"text": "Europe Greek Merchants Fear a Way of Life Is Disappearing By ANEMONA HARTOCOLLIS JULY 13, 2015Alexandros Rizos, center, at his bakery in Athens on Monday. Greece's sales tax on food is expected to rise. Spyros Tsakiris/Associated Press ATHENS — Fifteen years ago, Spyros Kyriakopoulos and his partner took over a small pastry shop on a side street near downtown Athens and began selling the braided loaves called tsourekia and traditional Greek dipping cookies. At the time, Athens was booming, the Greek standard of living had leapt ahead in just one generation, and Mr. Kyriakopoulos’s customers were about to become even more prosperous as Greece joined the euro currency. On Monday, as the Greek government reluctantly agreed to a deal to address the country’s debt crisis and keep it in the eurozone, people like Mr. Kyriakopoulos were bracing themselves for a wide range of economic changes that are certain to touch on virtually every aspect of Greek life. People outside a bank branch in central Athens on Monday. With new terms from the nation's creditors, many Greeks were chafing at the prospect of more change. Thanassis Stavrakis/Associated Press The changes surpass government austerity measures like reeling in pensions and raising the valued-added tax, and include elements like the deregulation of closed markets and professions. For Mr. Kyriakopoulos, it means he would no longer be protected from competitors by a special license he holds to sell bread — one of many changes he saw as suffocating not just to his profession, but to a way of life. Related Coverage Premier of Greece, Alexis Tsipras, Accepts Creditors’ Austerity Deal JULY 13, 2015NEWS ANALYSISDeal on Greek Debt Crisis Exposes Europe’s Deepening Fissures JULY 13, 2015Greece’s Banks Are Next in Line for a European Bailout JULY 13, 2015“Not as a professional, but as a person, I think it’s better for the bakery to sell bread, for us to have pastry, for the supermarket to sell its products,” said Mr. Kyriakopoulos, 49, a soft-spoken man in a brown apron with gray hair tied back in a ponytail and several small rings in one earlobe."
},
{
"docid": "D1704390#0",
"title": "http://www.compellingtruth.org/slavery-New-Testament.html\nWhy was slavery allowed in the New Testament?",
"text": "\"Subscribe to our Compelling Mail Newsletter: Email Address *Privacy - Termsprotected by re CAPTCHAPrivacy - Terms Why was slavery allowed in the New Testament? The story of slavery in the Roman Empire at the time of the New Testament is a complicated one. Many have asked why the early church didn't universally denounce slavery, but the characteristics of slavery were not universal enough to allow for such a simple, sweeping response. Slavery in New Testament times had shades of early American chattel slavery, modern sex trafficking, Old Testament debt bondage, and even apprenticeships and internships. Some slaves were kidnapped, and other slaves owned slaves of their own. Some worked at hard labor their whole lives while others became business partners with their owners. These individual situations call for individual judgments. Source of slaves Slavery in the Roman Empire was not based on ethnicity or color, although ethnicity did play a role in determining what a slave might do. Greeks and Egyptians tended to be better educated while Europeans were valued more for strength and stamina. Most valued were Greeks, who were already educated in medicine or teaching, or any slave who could cook. -"
},
{
"docid": "D963114#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_withdrawal_from_the_eurozone\nGreek withdrawal from the eurozone",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Grexit\"\" redirects here. For the software formerly known as Grex It, see Hiver (software). Not to be confused with Brexit. Greek debt crisis Greek economy Tax evasion and corruption in Greece Global financial crisis European debt crisis Financial audits, 2009–10Anti-austerity movement Election articles Proposed economy referendum, 2011May 2012 election Government formation June 2012 election January 2015 election Greek bailout referendum, 2015September 2015 election Greek government debt crisis articles Greek eurozone exit Greek crisis timeline Greek crisis countermeasuresv t e This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( July 2017)A Greek withdrawal from the eurozone is a hypothetical scenario in which Greecewithdraws from the Eurozone, likely to allow for the country to deal with its government-debt crisis. As of April 2018, no such withdrawal has occurred, nor is one in prospect. This conjecture has been referred to as \"\" Grexit \"\", a portmanteau combining the English words \"\"Greek\"\" and \"\"exit\"\". [ 1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] The term \"\" Graccident \"\" (accidental Grexit) was coined for the case that Greece exited the EU and the euro without intention. These terms first came into use in 2012 and have been revitalised at each of the bailouts made available to Greece since then."
},
{
"docid": "D1323397#0",
"title": "https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonhartley/2014/08/04/argentinas-default-lessons-learned-and-what-happens-next/\nArgentina's Default: Lessons Learned, What Happens Next",
"text": "Jon Hartley Contributor Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. Economics & Finance 8/04/2014 @ 12:50AM 26,287 views Argentina's Default: Lessons Learned, What Happens Next For the second time in 13 years, Argentina has defaulted on its debt. Since the 2001 Argentine sovereign debt default, the country has experienced more than an aftermath of lawsuits and bond restructures, with the U. S. Supreme Court most recently siding with “holdout” hedge funds NML Capital and Aurelius Capital in a 7-1 ruling, ordering that Argentina pay the hedge funds full principal plus interest, amounting to a payment of $1.5 billion dollars. Until now, the entire saga has been nothing but dramatic, with Elliott Associates, the parent company of NML Capital, making attempts to impound Argentina’s national assets, including an Argentine warship and even the Presidential plane. Following the Supreme Court Ruling, a U. S. District Judge barred Argentina from paying interest to investors who own restructured bonds (who previously accepted 33 cents on the dollar from 2005 or 2010 restructurings) until it pays the hedge funds $1.5bn in compliance with the ruling. Since the parties failed to reach an agreement by July 30, the country entered a “technical” default on its restructured debt. While this is all history now, what remains are the lessons to be learned and much interest in what happens next: a possible deal where third-party banks like J. P. Morgan and Citigroup buy the defaulted debt owned by the holdout investors. Argentina’s President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner and Economy Minister Axel Kicillof look on during a ceremony at the Casa Rosada Presidential Palace (Photo Credit: Reuters)Why Did Argentina Refuse To Pay The “Holdout” Investors? Argentina has continually refused to pay the remaining “holdouts” (roughly 7% of bondholders who did not accept the terms of a 2005 or 2010 bond restructure that offered 33 cents on the dollar to creditors), citing that its central bank foreign reserves of $29 billion would be depleted by such a payment that could set precedent for further lawsuits and payments of other holdouts who hold approximately $15 billion in defaulted debt. Argentina’s Hypothetical Debt Obligations After Triggering Rights Upon Future Offer Clause (in $ billions)Argentina also argues that its debt obligations would be compounded by a Rights Upon Future Offers (RUFO) clause in the 2005 and 2010 restructured bonds, which prohibits the country from voluntarily offering a better deal to the holdouts without also extending the same deal to restructured bondholders, which would be triggered by the $1.5bn payment to other creditors to NML Capital and Aurelius Capital."
},
{
"docid": "D1636144#0",
"title": "https://mises.org/library/fed-and-ecb-two-paths-one-goal\nThe Fed and the ECB: Two Paths, One Goal",
"text": "\"A AThe Fed and the ECB: Two Paths, One Goal Tags The Fed Global Economy Monetary Theory09/09/2011 Philipp Bagus Both the Federal Reserve (Fed) and the European Central Bank (ECB) are owners of the printing press. They produce base money. On top of the base-money production, the fractional-reserve-banking system can produce money out of thin air. Both central banks produce money in order to finance their respective governments. As a result of their money production, prices will be higher than they would have been otherwise. All money users indirectly pay for the government deficits through a reduction in purchasing power and the reduced quality of their money. While the ECB's and Fed's functions (to provide liquidity to the banking system in times of crisis and to finance the government together with the banking system) are the same, there exist small differences between them. In the so-called open-market operations (another term for active manipulation of the money supply) the central banks produce or destroy base money. There are two ways central banks produce base money. By tradition, the Fed uses the produce-money-and-purchase approach (PMP)."
}
] |
8349 | who made the heisman trophy | [
{
"docid": "D1462539#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_invented_the_Heisman_trophy\nWho invented the Heisman Trophy?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Sports Football - American College Football Heisman Trophy Who invented the Heisman Trophy? Flag Who invented the Heisman Trophy? Answer by Dlmick Confidence votes 116KThe Downtown Athletic Club of New York City created the award and presented it first in 1935. The award, in 1935, was known as the 'DAC Trophy'. It was renamed 'Heisman Trophy' for John Heisman, the DAC's first athletic director, when Heisman passed away in 1936.4 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Gabriel Strobel 20 Contributions First Heisman Trophy winner? Jay Berwanger. He played halfback for Chicago in 1935Dlmick Who was the first Heisman Trophy winner? Jay Berwanger, a running back from the University of Chicago, was the first Heisman Trophy winner in 1935. Berwanger was the first player selected in the first ever NFL …Brian Young 2,894 Contributions Who was the model for the Heisman Trophy?"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2998553#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre_Ware\nAndre Ware",
"text": "\"Andre Ware From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Andre Ware Ware as a player at the University of Houston No. 11,10Position: Quarterback Personal information Born: July 31, 1968 (age 49)Galveston, Texas Career information High school: Dickinson (TX)College: Houston NFL Draft: 1990 / Round: 1 / Pick: 7Career history Detroit Lions ( 1990 – 1993)Los Angeles Raiders ( 1994 )*Jacksonville Jaguars ( 1995 )*Ottawa Rough Riders ( 1995)BC Lions ( 1996)Toronto Argonauts ( 1997)Berlin Thunder ( 1999)* Offseason and/or practice squad member only Career highlights and awards Grey Cup champion ( 1997)Heisman Trophy (1989)Davey O'Brien Award (1989)UPI Player of the Year (1989)Consensus All-American ( 1989)Career NFL statistics TD – INT: 5–8Passing yards: 1,112Passer rating: 63.5Player stats at NFL.com Career CFL statistics TD–INT: 10–10Passing Yards: 1,542College Football Hall of Fame Andre Ware (born July 31, 1968) is an American sports analyst and commentator and a former American football player. He was the 1989 Heisman Trophy winner as a quarterback for the University of Houston. In the 1990 NFL Draft, Ware was the first round selection (#7 overall) of the Detroit Lions. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2004. Contents [ hide ]1 College career2 Professional football career3 Current4 See also5 References6 External links College career [ edit]Ware grew up in the Galveston, Texas region, hoping to play football at the University of Texas. He said \"\"I was going to Texas. All they had to do was lie to me and tell me I was going to play quarterback once I got there. Thank goodness they told me the truth [that] they were going to move me to defense\"\". [ 1] After graduating from Dickinson High School, Ware instead played at the University of Houston, where he won the Heisman Trophy in 1989, along with the Davey O'Brien Award, the latter award given to the most outstanding college quarterback of the year."
},
{
"docid": "D2128576#0",
"title": "http://bleacherreport.com/articles/293766-the-top-10-winningest-college-football-programs-of-all-time\nThe Top 10 Winningest College Football Programs of All Time",
"text": "\"Teams such as Florida and LSU may have found recent success in the BCS Era, but neither of those programs has had the prestige and historical significance of the teams that comprise the all-time Top 10. In the \"\"what have you done or me lately?\"\" world of college football, we sometimes forget the great teams, players, coaches, and programs that came before our time—but to the LSU's and the Florida's of the world, I say: You have a long way to go to try to catch up with these Top 10 schools. ( Team Win/Loss/Tie records are current through November 19, 2009. ) No. 10—USC Trojans (772-306-54) 38 Pac-10 Conference Titles 7 Heisman Trophy winners 11 National Championships A few names you know: OJ Simpson, Reggie Bush, Matt Leinart, Carson Palmer =================================== No. 9—Tennessee Volunteers (781-332-55) 16 SEC Titles 0 Heisman Trophy winners 6 National Championships A few names you know: Peyton Manning, Reggie White =================================== No. 8—Oklahoma Sooners (794-304-53) 42 Big 12 Conference Titles 5 Heisman Trophy winners 7 National Championships A few names you know: Billy Sims, Adrian Peterson, Sam Bradford =================================== No. 7—Alabama Crimson Tide (809-316-43) 22 SEC Titles 0 Heisman Trophy winners 12 National Championships A few names you know: Joe Namath, Derrick Thomas, Shaun Alexander =================================== No. 6—Penn State Nittany Lions (810-351-43) 3 Big Ten Conference Titles 1 Heisman Trophy winner 2 National Championships A few names you know: Kerry Collins, La Var Arrington, Larry Johnson =================================== No."
},
{
"docid": "D2175004#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Ameche\nAlan Ameche",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Alan Amechecirca 1954No. 35Position: Fullback Personal information Born: June 1, 1933 Kenosha, Wisconsin Died: August 8, 1988 (aged 55) Houston, Texas Height: 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m)Weight: 218 lb (99 kg)Career information High school: Kenosha (WI) Bradford College: Wisconsin NFL Draft: 1955 / Round: 1 / Pick: 3Career history Baltimore Colts ( 1955 – 1960)Career highlights and awards2× NFL champion ( 1958, 1959)4× Pro Bowl ( 1955 – 1958)2× First-team All-Pro (1955, 1956)2× Second-team All-Pro (1958, 1959)NFL Rookie of the Year (1955)NFL rushing yards leader (1955)NFL rushing touchdowns leader (1955)NFL 1950s All-Decade Team Heisman Trophy (1954)Big Ten Player of the Year (1954)UPI Player of the Year (1954)Unanimous All-American ( 1954)Wisconsin Badgers No. 35 retired Career NFL statistics Rushing yards: 4,045Rushing average: 4.2Rushing touchdowns: 40Player stats at NFL.com College Football Hall of Fame Lino Dante \"\" Alan \"\" Ameche ( / ə ˈ m iː tʃ iː /; June 1, 1933 – August 8, 1988), nicknamed \"\"The Iron Horse\"\", or simply \"\"The Horse\"\", was an American football player who played six seasons with the Baltimore Colts in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and won the Heisman Trophy during his senior season in 1954. Ameche was elected to the Pro Bowl in each of his first four seasons in the league. He is famous for scoring the winning touchdown in overtime in the 1958 NFL Championship Game against the New York Giants, labeled \"\"The Greatest Game Ever Played. \"\" With colleague and former Colts teammate Gino Marchetti, Ameche founded the Gino's Hamburgers chain. [ 1] He also founded the Baltimore-based Ameche's Drive-in restaurants. Contents [ hide ]1 Early life2 College career3 NFL career4 Business career5 See also6 Death7 References8 Further reading9 External links Early life [ edit]Born in Kenosha, Wisconsin, Ameche's parents were Italian immigrants who came to the United States in the late 1930s, although they returned for a year to Italy during his childhood. The family then returned to Kenosha, where he attended Kenosha High School."
},
{
"docid": "D80020#0",
"title": "https://worldhistoryproject.org/1985/12/12/vincent-bo-jackson-wins-heisman-trophy\nVincent 'Bo' Jackson Wins Heisman Trophy",
"text": "\"Dec 12 1985Vincent 'Bo' Jackson Wins Heisman Trophy The 51st winner of the Heisman Trophy, Auburn's great running back Bo Jackson, is such a remarkable all-round athlete that, if there were Heisman awards in baseball and track, he would almost certainly have won them, too. As the nation's premier ball carrier, Jackson was the spearhead of Auburn's return to football prominence. Under the inspired direction of Coach Pat Dye, the school has produced the best teams since the national championship days of 1957, when the revered Ralph \"\"Shug\"\" Jordan coached the Tigers to first place in the Associated Press poll. Jackson was the second Auburn football star to win the Heisman Trophy. In 1971, quarterback Pat Sullivan took the prize. In his freshman year Bo averaged 6.4 yards per rush, sprinted a 6.18 second-yard dash for the track team, and hit .279 as the starting centerfielder in baseball. In 1985, Jackson led the nation in all four main categories of ball-carrying as late as the eighth week of the season. At that point, he was tops in total rushing yardage, average per carry, touchdowns scored, and yards-per-game. Bo retired from baseball in 1995 and is pursuing an acting career. Elected to the National Football Foundation and College Hall of Fame in 1999."
},
{
"docid": "D3434856#0",
"title": "http://abcnews.go.com/Sports/scenes-best-weekend-lamar-jacksons-life/story?id=44170347\nBehind the scenes of the best weekend of Lamar Jackson's life",
"text": "\"Behind the scenes of the best weekend of Lamar Jackson's life By ANDREA ADELSON via ESPNDec 13, 2016, 1:11 PM ETEmail During a quiet moment, Lamar Jackson finds a secluded spot in the College Football Hall of Fame and drapes himself across a set of small stairs. He starts to flip through his phone, looking just like any other teenager passing the time. Is he nervous about the week ahead? \"\" Nah, why would I be nervous?\"\" Louisville's breakout star QB asks. \"\" I'll just be happy if my name is called. \"\" Jackson certainly looks calm and relaxed the day before the Home Depot College Football Awards in Atlanta. Those around him? Not so much. Before the show begins Thursday night, Louisville coach Bobby Petrino resorts to asking media members, \"\"So is he going to win the Heisman? '"
},
{
"docid": "D2193835#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_many_freshmen_have_won_the_Heisman\nHow many defensive players have won the Heisman Trophy?",
"text": "Southernohioguy 3 Contributions How many defensive players have won the Heisman Trophy? Larry Kelley, the 1936 winner from Yale, played on defense during his college days but was much better known for his pass receiving ability. Leon Hart, the 1948 winner from No …Dlmick How many juniors have won the Heisman? As of the start of the 2007 season, there have been 16 juniors that have won the Heisman: 1945 - Doc Blanchard, Army, FB 1948 - Doak Walker, Southern Methodist, …Daveed48 14 Contributions Who won the heisman? Tim Tebow of the Florida Gators, the first sophmore to ever win the Heisman. But Cam Newton is still better Edit How many sophomores have won the heisman?2, only 2 sophomores have won the heisman trophy Edit Nannyrex 1 Contribution How many Heisman Winners have won a Super Bowl Championship? Through Super Bowl XLIII, 8: 1) Paul Hornung, 1956 Heisman winner, with the Green Bay Packers in Super Bowl I. 2) Roger Staubach, 1963 Heisman winner, with the Dallas Cowb …How many Heismans has Alabama won? They have 1. Mark Ingram in 2009Edit Iamnickhebert 1,818 Contributions How many Heisman Trophies has TCU won? One."
},
{
"docid": "D80021#0",
"title": "http://www.auburntigers.com/sports/m-footbl/history_and_tradition_heismans.html\nHeisman Trophy Winners",
"text": "\"Heisman Trophy Winners Auburn Football Tradition Auburn has produced three Heisman Trophy winners: QB Cam Newton in 2010, RB Bo Jackson in 1985 and QB Pat Sullivan in 1971. Of the colleges where trophy namesake John Heisman coached, only Auburn University has produced Heisman winners. 2010 | CAM NEWTON At 6-foot 6-inches and 250 pounds, Cam Newton was the third Auburn Tiger to earn the Heisman Trophy, joining Pat Sullivan '71 and Vincent \"\"Bo\"\" Jackson '85. Newton completed 185 of 280 passes for 2,854 yards and 30 touchdowns while throwing only seven interceptions. He also accumulated 1,473 yards and an additional 20 touchdowns on 264 rush attempts and caught two passes for 42 yards and a touchdown. His passing and rushing touchdown totals set an Auburn University record and made him only the second player to tally 20 or more passing and rushing touchdowns in the same season. Newton led the Tigers to a perfect 14-0 record, an SEC title and a BCS National Championship. Ballots were mailed to 870 media personnel across the nation plus 55 Heisman winners and one fan ballot, for a total of 926 electors. The ballots are received and tabulated by the independent accounting firm of Deloitte & Touche LLP. Newton polled 2,263 points to capture the award over Andrew Luck of Stanford (1,079 points), La Michael James of Oregon (916 points), and Kellen Moore of Boise State (635 points).2010 Statistics Passing Rushing Receiving G Cmp Att Pct Yds TDs INT Rush Yds TDs Rec Yds TDs14 185 280 66.1 2854 30 7 264 1473 20 2 42 12010 Heisman Voting Player School Year Position Points1."
},
{
"docid": "D1681878#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_George\nEddie George",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about an American football player. For the former Governor of the Bank of England, see Edward George, Baron George. Eddie George George in 2007. No. 27Position: Running back Personal information Born: September 24, 1973 (age 44)Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Height: 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)Weight: 235 lb (107 kg)Career information High school: Fork Union (VA) Military Academy College: Ohio State NFL Draft: 1996 / Round: 1 / Pick: 14Career history Houston / Tennessee Oilers / Titans ( 1996 – 2003)Dallas Cowboys ( 2004)Career highlights and awards4× Pro Bowl ( 1997 – 2000)First-team All-Pro ( 2000)Second-team All-Pro ( 1999)NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year (1996)Heisman Trophy (1995)Walter Camp Award (1995)Maxwell Award (1995)Doak Walker Award (1995)Big Ten Most Valuable Player (1995)Unanimous All-American ( 1995)Ohio State Buckeyes No. 27 retired Career NFL statistics Rushing yards: 10,441Yards per carry: 3.6Rushing touchdowns: 68Player stats at NFL.com College Football Hall of Fame Edward Nathan George Jr. (born September 24, 1973) is a former professional American football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL) for nine seasons. He played college football for Ohio State University and won the Heisman Trophy in 1995. He was drafted in the first round of the 1996 NFL Draft, and played professionally for the Tennessee Titans (both in Tennessee and in Houston when the franchise was known as the Houston Oilers). George was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2011. [ 1] Post-football, George earned an MBA from Northwestern University 's Kellogg School of Management."
},
{
"docid": "D2968093#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_metals_are_trophies_made_from\nWhat metals are trophies made from?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Sports Football - Soccer What metals are trophies made from? Flag What metals are trophies made from? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. Trophies can be made out of anything you want. however, aluminum is a very reliable and trustworthy metal and it.......... oh crap.......... i have to do a poo... cya6 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What are trophies made out of? Any metal u want it to be What metal is the Wimbledon Mens Trophy made of? Silver Gilt What are trophies made of? Plastic or metal. Duyyyyyyyyyy."
},
{
"docid": "D1681879#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_year_did_Eddie_George_win_the_Heisman_Trophy\nWho will win the Heisman Trophy in 2007?",
"text": "Who will win the Heisman Trophy in 2007? ANdrew woodsons winning it this year but this is how i would rank them 1. Andre woodson 2. Tim tebow 3. Matt Ryan 4. derren mcfaden 5. glenn dorsey 6. that Stewar …What team did Heisman Trophy winner Eddie George play for? Ohio State Dlmick 265,765 Contributions What year did Les Horvath win the Heisman Trophy?1944Who is the only NBA player to win the Heisman Trophy as college football's player of the year? Charlie Ward, Florida State Cardsfan34 272 Contributions Who did you want to win the Heisman Trophy?"
},
{
"docid": "D3188788#0",
"title": "http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2497268-ohio-state-football-10-best-players-in-buckeyes-history\nOhio State Football: 10 Best Players in Buckeyes' History",
"text": "\"Ohio State Football Ohio State Football: 10 Best Players in Buckeyes' History David Regimbal June 19, 2015MARK HALL/Associated Press The Ohio State football program has been up and running for 125 incredible seasons, and the amount of talent that has filtered through Columbus is staggering. The Buckeyes have produced six Heisman Trophy winners (and seven trophies total) and sent 416 players to the NFL via the draft, 69 of which went in the first round. But who are the 10 best players to ever suit up in the scarlet and gray? Determining that starts with Ohio State's six Heisman winners. They're part of a fraternity that is comprised of the greatest players in college football history, so they're on this list by default. The other four spots? Those went to guys who played key roles in their respective championship teams, dominated their position like no other players ever have or own the distinction of putting Ohio State on the map.10. Troy Smith1 of 10Gregory Shamus/Getty Images When a top-10 list of the greatest players in school history starts with a Heisman Trophy winner, that says a lot about the level of talent the program has produced. And that's exactly how this countdown starts. Troy Smith was Ohio State's most recent winner of college football's highest individual honor, winning the trophy after an outstanding 2006 season."
},
{
"docid": "D80018#0",
"title": "http://espn.go.com/ncf/features/heisman/_/year/1985/set/6\nAuburn's Greatest Athlete",
"text": "\"Malcolm Emmons-US Presswire Auburn's Greatest Athlete1985 Heisman winner Bo Jackson When Bo Jackson peaked as a two-sport athlete and Nike uberpitchman two decades ago, the Heisman Trophy that he won in 1985 as an Auburn tailback sat well down the list of his athletic achievements. Jackson hit three home runs for the Kansas City Royals on Opening Day, 1988. He became the first player in NFL history with two touchdown runs of more than 90 yards. Nike built an entire campaign around the slogan \"\"Bo Knows.\"\" Flash forward to present day. Jackson has withdrawn from the public eye, although he is often seen at Auburn football games. And that Heisman Trophy has moved back up the list. Jackson's remains the greatest football player in Auburn history. For four years, he punished SEC defenses with his speed and his brawn. Yet he would later say that his \"\"most exciting moment\"\" of his Auburn career came upon his return from New York with the Heisman Trophy: \"\"band playing, thousands of people cheering, standing on cars, waving banners, demanding that I give a speech.\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D231273#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_first_overall_National_Football_League_draft_picks\nList of first overall National Football League draft picks",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This is a list of first overall National Football League draft picks. The National Football League draft is an annual sports draft in which NFL teams select newly eligible players for their rosters. To be eligible, a player must be out of high school at least three years. Each NFL franchise seeks to add new players through the annual NFL draft. The draft rules were last updated in 2009. The team with the worst record the previous year picks first, the next-worst team second, and so on. Teams also have the option to trade with another team to move up to a better draft position. Teams that did not make the playoffs are ordered by their regular-season record, with any remaining ties broken by strength of schedule. Playoff participants are sequenced after non-playoff teams, based on their round of elimination ( wild card, division, conference, and Super Bowl ). [ 1]From 1947 through 1958 the first selection was awarded by a random draw."
},
{
"docid": "D2796556#0",
"title": "https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/cam-newton-14434.php\nCam Newton Biography",
"text": "Famous People » Sportspersons Cam Newton Biography Cam Newton is an American footballer who plays for the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League. Check out this biography to know about his childhood, family life, achievements and other facts about his life. SHAREONQuick Facts Nick Name: Cam Also Known As: Cameron Jerrell Newton Famous as: American Football Player Nationality: American Birthday: May 11, 1989Age: 28 Years Sun Sign: Taurus Height: 1.96 m Born in: Atlanta, Georgia, United Statesfather: Cecil Newton Sr.mother: Jackie Newtonsiblings: Cecil Newton City, States, Provinces & Districts: Georgia Net worth: $45 Million as of Dec 24, 2016More Facts Image Credit Cam Newton As PDFCameron Jerrell Newton is an American footballer who plays for the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League. Newton, who first came into limelight for winning the Heisman Trophy at Auburn University, was later drafted into the NFL in 2011. He is also known for being the only person ever to win the Heisman trophy, a National Championship, as well as get drafted into the NFL within a one year span. After being selected by Carolina Panthers in the 2011 NFL draft, Newton earned fame as one of the league’s finest players. He broke all-time records for passing and rushing yards within his rookie year. In the year 2015, he became the first quarterback in the entire history of NFL to throw for at least thirty touchdowns along with rushing for ten in the same season. Newton is a Christian, and despite the achievements he has made at a young age, he is of humble nature. He is stated to be extremely devoted to God, and believes that he is only an instrument of the Divine."
},
{
"docid": "D3549071#0",
"title": "http://anthonydavishof.com/bio.html\n.",
"text": "EVENTS / APPEARANCE EVENTS / APPEARANCEFAQ FAQFRAMES FRAMESHELMENTS HELMENTSFOOTBALLS FOOTBALLSDECANTERS / CASE DECANTERS / CASEAnthony Davis Biography Anthony Davis was born on September 8, 1952 in Huntsville, Texas. He later moved to Southern California where he became a multi-sport star in high school. Davis was the Co-Los Angeles player of the year in Football, won the city wrestling title, and was named the City Player of the year in Baseball. Known to his friends as “AD” he was a flashy, popular player as demonstrated by his signature knee dance after touchdowns. Although Davis made a slow start his sophomore year in 1972, as he did not become a featured ball carrier until the last 6 games of the season. He amazingly managed 1,191 yards and 17 touchdowns at season’s end. With stats such as these, Anthony cemented himself as one of the greatest rushers in PAC-8 and NCAA history. In 1974, during the time when Heisman Trophy ballots were due prior to the USC vs. ND game, Anthony, a unanimous First Team All-American selection, finished second in the Heisman Trophy voting. Archie Griffin took the Heisman. From that day forward, Heisman voting would be postponed until after the big game."
},
{
"docid": "D1669778#0",
"title": "https://theheismanwinners.com/steve-spurrier\nSteve Spurrier",
"text": "\"Steve Spurrier1966 Heisman Trophy Winner Steve Spurrier proudly hoists college football's top individual award Not only did Spurrier become Florida's first Heisman Trophy winner, but he later coached the Gators to their first football national championship Along with winning the 1966 Heisman Trophy, Spurrier has created a legacy that extends far beyond his playing career. Steve Spurrier 1966 Heisman Season in Review Spurrier entered the season as a returning First-Team All-American from the 1965 season that saw the Gators QB lead the team to a 7-4 record. The following year, Spurrier's excellent play helped Florida to achieve a 9-2 record and a #11 ranking in the Coaches poll. Key moments during Spurrier's Heisman season included his directing the Gators to a comeback win over Florida State and a his efforts in a last-minute win over Auburn. Spurrier passed for 2,012 and 16 TD's during his 1966 Heisman season His astonishing effort against Auburn included his waving off the Gators field goal kicker so that he could uprights and his Heisman legacy began to emerge.uprights and his Heisman legacy began to emerge. On the season, Spurrier completed 179 of 291 passes for 2,012 yards. The Gators QB threw 16 TD's vs. only 8 Int's and added 66 rushing yards. Spurrier also made 3 field goals. Spurrier's Pro Football Career Although Spurrier was a two-time All-American entering the NFL, his collegiate success did not parlay into similar results on the pro level. The San Francisco 49ers selected him in the first round (3rd overall pick) of the 1967 NFL Draft."
},
{
"docid": "D1848861#0",
"title": "http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/nfldraft/ct-jay-berwanger-flashback-nfl-draft-spt-0426-20150424-story.html\nDraft's first pick was from Chicago â and he never played in the NFL",
"text": "\"Jay Berwanger, winner of the first Heisman Trophy. Berwanger played football for the University of Chicago and that is where the original trophy is located. ( Ovie Carter / Chicago Tribune)Fred Mitchell Contact Reporter Chicago Tribune Why did the NFL first-ever draft pick never play pro football? Jay Berwanger of the University of Chicago was the first player ever chosen in an NFL draft. And he never played a down of pro football The Feb. 8, 1936, inaugural nine-round event at Philadelphia's Ritz-Carlton lacked the grandiose media exposure and fanfare that the now made-for-TV spectacle attracts . But it was indeed a big deal that Berwanger was considered the best football player in the country and the first winner of what later became known as the Heisman Trophy. And so the Eagles made him the No. 1 selection. The money they offered him, however, was a problem. Indeed, only 31 of the 81 players drafted in 1936 wound up playing in the NFL."
},
{
"docid": "D286464#0",
"title": "http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1835685-jordan-lynch-the-peoples-choice-for-the-heisman-trophy\nJordan Lynch: The People's Choice for the Heisman Trophy",
"text": "\"College Football Jordan Lynch: The People's Choice for the Heisman Trophy Sean Frye November 13, 2013USA Today Northern Illinois quarterback Jordan Lynch epitomizes the American football hero. He is a jack-of-all trades quarterback, overlooked in recruiting by the major programs, who persevered to become a star. Dibs on the movie rights. Those who watch just one Huskies game will become a fan thanks to his palpable passion for the game and hair-on-fire style. However, unlike many of his fellow Heisman contenders, Lynch's attitude and backstory are as big a part of his Heisman candidacy as his gaudy numbers. The debate rages about what makes the model Heisman Trophy winner. Should character count toward the award? Is it more about individual numbers or how much that player's team wins? The Heisman Trophy Trust doesn't say the winner has to be the best player on a BCS conference team; it says it should go to college football's most outstanding player. The Heisman Memorial Trophy annually recognizes the outstanding college football player whose performance best exhibits the pursuit of excellence with integrity."
},
{
"docid": "D286462#0",
"title": "http://www.cleveland.com/sports/college/index.ssf/2013/12/the_heisman_trophy_is_a_tough.html\nThe Heisman Trophy is a tough vote for the little guy to get",
"text": "Doug Williams, who later coached at Grambling, was one of many small school players who received Heisman Trophy votes, as he did as a Grambling quarterback. ( AP Photo)By Elton Alexander, The Plain Dealer Follow on Twitter on December 10, 2013 at 10:26 AM, updated December 10, 2013 at 10:35 AMCLEVELAND, Ohio -- Now that the votes are in, and the finalists selected, let's hear it for the little guys who over the years have picked up Heisman Trophy votes. This year, Northern Illinois quarterback Jordan Lynch becomes the latest. The purpose of the trophy is to reward the player who has had the best season in college football. Statistics and victories seem to drive the voting process, which for the most part, is as it should be. However, that is becoming more and more flawed in the modern world of college football. This is almost exclusively a quarterback award right now for players who come out of systems that keep the ball in their hands at least two-thirds of the time on offense. They are either running or passing the football, most of the time. And if that player is on a team that wins proficiently; voila, Heisman Trophy Candidate. Lynch fit that profile perfectly, rushing for 22 touchdowns and passing for 23 this season."
},
{
"docid": "D2149822#0",
"title": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/colleges/how-heisman-trophy-winners-have-stored-their-hardware/2013/12/06/d972cac6-5d17-11e3-be07-006c776266ed_story.html\nHow Heisman Trophy winners have stored their hardware",
"text": "They have lived above fireplaces and in closets, under custom-designed lights and under garbage, polished by caretakers with soft brushes and dropped by drunks. Each December since 1935, a 45-pound bronze statue with a wood base has been handed to its newest winner, and for all time, its recipient isn’t just the season’s best college football player; he is the Heisman Trophy winner. The Stanley Cup, given each year to the National Hockey League champion, spends at least some time with each player — visiting homes, bars, battlegrounds and swimming pools — before it’s returned and reissued to the next winning team. But a Heisman, sports’ most prestigious and recognizable individual award, is the winner’s to keep. And though it’s not exactly explained this way, each man is free to do with it whatever he wishes. Pete Dawkins (AP/AP)“Each one,” 1958 Heisman winner Pete Dawkins says, “probably has a different saga. ”So the assignment, handed down nearly a year ago, was to locate the physical whereabouts — and document some of the adventures — of each of the 78 winners’ copies of the Heisman Trophy before another one is issued Saturday evening. Each winner’s school is issued a copy, and years ago, winners could reque st multiple trophies — ’49 winner Leon Hartonce owned three Heismans, a son says — but there’s only one each winner poses with in New York and, as tradition has it, carries onto the plane home, toward its new life. Leon Hart (82) (Ray Howard/AP)Of the 58 living Heisman winners, 32 retain full-time possession of their trophy, displaying it on mantels or custom cases or even boxed in storage rooms. Nineteen overall Heismans are with family members, nine are on display in museums or restaurants and six have been sold at least once."
}
] |
8352 | who makes the jackal rifle | [
{
"docid": "D1750996#0",
"title": "http://www.imfdb.org/wiki/(Day_of_the_Jackal)_-_Custom_Sniper_Rifle\n (Day of the Jackal) - Custom Sniper Rifle",
"text": "\" (Day of the Jackal) - Custom Sniper Riflenavigation search This sniper rifle, used in The Day of the Jackal (1973) was created by a master English gunsmith from an off-the-shelf sporting rifle. In the novel, however, the fictitious gunsmith was not from England. Two identical rifles were produced, one being returned to England as per agreement. The rifle is fitted with a suppressor, telescopic sight, and is disguised within a set of crutches. The gun appears to be chambered for .22 Magnum, which is also what the \"\" GURPS Covert Ops \"\" pen-and-paper roleplaying game supplement book states, although some believe that it used .22 Hornet ammunition, judging by the bullets seen on screen. In the film and the novel, they were said to have hollow tips filled with mercury in liquid form, to make them \"\"explosive.\"\" Under the Geneva Conventions, only standard ball ammunition is allowed for use on against enemy soldiers on battlefields, while it remains legal to use other kinds of ammunition when firing at inanimate targets, firing at \"\"unlawful belligerents\"\" such as terrorists and criminals, or equipping civil police forces. However, the Jackal is not concerned with such restrictions. Categories: Gun Sniper Rifle Fictional Firearm \""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D857216#0",
"title": "http://military.wikia.com/wiki/Ulster_Volunteer_Force\nUlster Volunteer Force",
"text": "\"For the original Ulster Volunteer Force organisation of the 1910s, see Ulster Volunteers. Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF)Participant in The Troubles150px The UVF emblem, with the motto \"\"For God and Ulster\"\"Active May 1966 – present (ended armed campaign in May 2007)Ideology British unionism Ulster loyalism Right-wing politics Leaders Brigade Staff Headquarters Belfast Area of operations Northern Ireland (mostly) Republic of Ireland Strength Unknown Allies Red Hand Commando Opponents Irish republicans, Irish nationalists The Ulster Volunteer Force ( UVF) is a loyalist paramilitary group in Northern Ireland. It was formed in late 1965 or early 1966 and named after the Ulster Volunteers of the early twentieth century. Its first leader was Gusty Spence, a former British soldier. The group's volunteers undertook an armed campaign of almost thirty years during The Troubles. It declared a ceasefire in 1994, although sporadic attacks continued until it officially ended its armed campaign in May 2007. Noted for secrecy and a policy of limited, selective membership, [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] the UVF's declared goals were to combat Irish republicanism – particularly republican paramilitaries, and to maintain Northern Ireland's status as part of the United Kingdom. The vast majority (more than two-thirds) [6] [7] of its 481 known victims were Catholic civilians. During the conflict, its deadliest attack in Northern Ireland was the 1971 Mc Gurk's Bar bombing, which killed fifteen civilians. Since 1969 the group had also carried out attacks in the Republic of Ireland."
},
{
"docid": "D1843401#0",
"title": "http://riddick.wikia.com/wiki/Riddick_(film)\nRiddick (film)",
"text": "\"\"\"Don't know how many times I've been crossed off the list and left for dead...so this, this aint nothing new\"\"- Richard B. Riddick Riddick Director/ Writer David Twohy Producers Vin Diesel,Ted Field, Samantha Vincent Starring Vin Diesel, Katee Sackhoff,Keri Hilson, Dave Batista, Bokeem Woodbine Cinematography David Eggby Music by Graeme Revell Editor Tracy Adams Budget$38 million Run Time127 minutes unrated cut Box Office$98,337,295Riddick is the third live-action film in the Chronicles of Riddick franchise which brought the titular character Riddick back to the silver screen after nine years. Riddick was released September 6, 2013 and was successful bringing in $93 million on a $40 million budget. It was released on Bluray and DVD January 14, 2014 topping the home media sales of it's release week. As of January 26, 2014 Universal Pictures and One Race Films are pursuing to make the fourth Riddick movie. Contents [ show]Development Vin Diesel original vision was to have the Chronicles of Riddick become like J. R. R. Toklien's Middle-Earth. Pitch Black was to serve like the Hobbit , to be a standalone film to establish the universe, and to have a trilogy of the Chronicles of Riddick serving like the Lord of the Rings. After the Chronicles of Riddick performed poorly at the box office, Universal Pictures shelved the Riddick franchise for good, and would not allow another film to be made. Over the years Vin and David managed to secure the rights of the film from Universal, and shopped it around in foreign markets. This got the attention of Universal who then secured the rights to distribute the film. “Had Universal said to us, ‘Let's roll over, let's pick it up right at the end of the last movie’ and funded it, we would have ventured into the Necromonger underverse and we would have had a big The Lord of the Rings-style movie on our hands."
},
{
"docid": "D3556650#0",
"title": "https://www.tumblr.com/search/sangheili\nsangheili",
"text": "\"noodlenagunkgunk Follow Unfollowhalo sangheili doodle520 notesspaghetti friendnagunkgunk Follow Unfollowdoodle halo sangheili my art needs to be seen and respected749 notes3wouldyoukindlymakeausername Follow Unfollowhalo haloedit halo 5: guardians gamingedit the arbiter thel 'vadam sangheili elite mygifs685 notesspaghettinagunkgunk Follow Unfollowdoodle halo sangheili870 notes3halo 3 (2007)“Fate had us meet as foes, but this ring will make us brothers. ”haruspis Follow Unfollowhalo halo 2 halo 3 bungie master chief john-117 thel 'vadam arbiter sangheili xbox gaming microsoft456 notesi! love elites!! ! sk00pa Follow Unfollowelite halo sangheili they're my faves460 notes3Halo Ammunition Sketch Page 3!A sketch page based on a Pre-Halo event Fire Team Quiver when they first received their MJOLNIR Mark IV armor systems. Before that time they wore the SPI Armor Systems as they are SPARTAN IIIs. I wanted to add more sketches, like 3 of the Spartans taking down a Mgaelekgolo or even more CQC between Spartans and Sangheili and Jiralhanae. But decided that nah! I don’t have any good design/angles for these moments and I want to save them for the comic in the future. Expanditsalwaysgarytime Follow Unfollowhalo fan art halo art spartan iii unsc halo reach halo 1 halo 2 halo 3 halo 4 halo 5 halo 5 guardians halo 3 odst halo wars the covenant sangheili jiralhanae kig-yar elite brute jackal spartans spartan iii program mjolnir mjolnir armor mjolnir armour fire team quiver quiver quiver wasp quiver spear quiver ghost679 notes My Top 10 Favorite Alien Species1. Protoss2."
},
{
"docid": "D2623929#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackal\nJackal",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Jackal (disambiguation). \"\" Jackel\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Jackel (disambiguation). \"\" Thos\"\" redirects here. For the beast in heraldry, see theow. Jackal Golden jackal ( Canis aureus)Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Canidae Genus: Canis Linnaeus, 1758Species Golden jackal, Canis aureus Side-striped jackal Canis adustus Black-backed jackal Canis mesomelas Jackals are medium-sized omnivorous mammals of the genus Canis, which also includes wolves, coyotes and the domestic dog. While the word \"\"jackal\"\" has historically been used for many small canids, in modern use it most commonly refers to three species: the closely related black-backed jackal and side-striped jackal of sub-Saharan Africa, and the golden jackal of south-central Eurasia, which is more closely related to other members of the genus Canis. Jackals and coyotes (sometimes called the \"\"American jackal\"\" [1]) are opportunistic omnivores, predators of small to medium-sized animals and proficient scavengers. Their long legs and curved canine teeth are adapted for hunting small mammals, birds, and reptiles, and their large feet and fused leg bones give them a physique well-suited for long-distance running, capable of maintaining speeds of 16 km/h (9.9 mph) for extended periods of time. Jackals are crepuscular, most active at dawn and dusk."
},
{
"docid": "D2563182#0",
"title": "http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-jackal-original-soundtrack-mw0000596087\nThe Jackal [Original Soundtrack]",
"text": "\"Stream or buy on: Release Date October 28, 1997Duration01:16:14Genre Stage & Screen Styles Soundtracks Submit Corrections Various Artists The Jackal [Original Soundtrack]All Music Rating 8 User Ratings ( 0 ) Your Rating Overview User Reviews Credits Releases Share this pagefacebook twitter google+All Music Review by Amy Hanson [+]Just as the 1997 film The Jackal was an update of the 1973 classic The Day of the Jackal, so too does the accompanying soundtrack album update the sounds, stepping above the usual movie fare with a punchy, edgy, completely contemporary assortment of leading electronica artists who not only enhance the frantic pace of the on-screen action, but give the armchair listener a revved heartbeat as well. Kicking off with Fatboy Slim 's \"\"Going out of My Head,\"\" with its eye-catching samples from the Who 's \"\"I Can't Explain,\"\" the rest of the album reels out like some glitter-filled who's who. From Prodigy 's \"\"Poison\"\" to the Moby mainstay \"\"Shining,\"\" and from the Primal Scream classic \"\"Star\"\" to Black Grape 's proactive pot-loving club hit \"\"Get Higher,\"\" the usual suspects are fingered. But placing the set apart are a few surprises. Massive Attack 's heavy, dub-tinged version of Siouxie & the Banshees ' \"\"Metal Postcard,\"\" \"\"Superpredators,\"\" is an inspired inclusion. Originally only available as a B-side on their 1997 \"\"Risingson\"\" single, it becomes a welcome addition here. Elsewhere it's a refreshing dive into the otherwise unavailable BT / Richard Butler collaboration \"\"Shineaway,\"\" while the Chemical Brothers wrap their remixers around the Charlatans UK 's retro-rock \"\"Toothache.\"\" It's not often that one comes away with the feeling that a soundtrack was compiled not only as a Zen match to its film, but also to serve as an important and incredibly cohesive record of genre -- of a moment in time. Utilizing a varied mix of some of the electronica field's finest artists, The Jackal certainly succeeds -- on both levels. Read More ↓User Reviews There are no user reviews for this album."
},
{
"docid": "D1515732#0",
"title": "https://www.desertusa.com/animals/jackal.html\nGolden Jackal",
"text": "Golden Jackal Canis aureusby Jay Sharp Among the most resilient and resourceful of the Canidae family – which includes jackals, dogs, wolves, coyotes and foxes – the golden jackal can thrive in widely diverse habitats across extensive ranges. These include, for instance, said the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), environments as varied as the “semi-desert, short to medium grasslands and savannas in Africa; and forested, mangrove, agricultural, rural and semi-urban habitats in India and Bangladesh. ”By comparison, the side-striped jackal, distinguished by its dark, broadly striped sides and black, white-tipped tail, occupies moist savannahs, brushlands and marshes in central and southern Africa. The black-backed Jackal, marked by its silvery black fur back, occupies savannas and woodlands in southeastern and southern Africa. Golden Jackal Characteristics The golden jackal – the largest of the jackals – resembles a small wolf, but it has a comparatively more slender build, shorter legs and shorter tail. Its appearance varies considerably across its range. Size and Weight: Shoulder height, roughly one and a half feet; length, two to three and one-half feet; weight, male, about 30 pounds maximum and female, roughly 10 percent less. Body: Both sexes generally wolf-like in shape, but with proportionally longer torso; females, five pairs of teats. Head: Relatively narrow skull, pointed muzzle, relatively thin canine teeth, fox-like ears. Legs: Lean and nimble, well suited for running."
},
{
"docid": "D1515740#0",
"title": "http://wanttoknowit.com/what-do-jackals-eat/\nWhat Do Jackals Eat",
"text": "What Do Jackals Eat04 Dec, 2013 what do animals eat 2Jackals are members of the canine family, which means that they are related to wolves, dogs and coyotes. There are three members of the jackal family: the black-backed jackal and the side-striped jackal (both found in sub-Saharan Africa) and the golden jackal (found in northern Africa, southeastern and central Europe, the Middle East and southeast Asia). Jackals have a similar appearance to coyotes. They are known for their longs legs, which are suited for long distance running. This trait, coupled with their powerful jaw and canine teeth, makes them a formidable opportunistic predator. They are not usually pack animals and prefer to hunt in pairs or alone. Let’s take a closer look at the diet of the jackal. What do jackals eat? Generally speaking jackals will prey on any small to medium sized animals that they can find. They can also commonly be found scavenging dead or dying animals, and in some cases will even take a kill from another animal."
},
{
"docid": "D2563184#0",
"title": "http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0119395/\nThe Jackal ( 1997)",
"text": "\"FULL CAST AND CREW | TRIVIA | USER REVIEWS | IMDb Pro | MORESHARE6.4/ 1095,141Rate This The Jackal ( 1997)R | 2h 4min | Action, Crime, Drama | 14 November 1997 (USA)1:27 | Trailer1 VIDEO| 33 IMAGESWatch Now From $2.99 (SD) on Prime Video ON DISCAn imprisoned IRA fighter is freed to help stop a brutal, seemingly \"\"faceless\"\" assassin from completing his next job. Director: Michael Caton-Jones Writers: Kenneth Ross (earlier screenplay Day of the Jackal), Chuck Pfarrer (screen story) |1 more credit »Stars: Bruce Willis, Richard Gere, Sidney Poitier | See full cast & crew »36Metascore From metacritic.com Reviews229 user | 84 critic Popularity3,201 ( 450 )Best (and Worst) Superpowers According to Superfan Patton Oswalt Sorry Aquaman, but Patton Oswalt thinks talking to fish is the most useless superpower. See Patton's superpower picks Related News The Day of the Jackal29 April 2017 | Trailers from Hell Shirley Henderson’s ‘Urban Hymn’ Set for May 12 Release in U. S. (Exclusive)15 April 2017 | Variety - Film News Hollywood Icon Sidney Poitier Makes Rare Public Appearance as TCM Celebrates In the Heat of the Night’s 50th Anniversary08 April 2017 | PEOPLE.com See all related articles »Around The Web Powered by Zerg Net Editorial Lists Related lists from IMDb editors Top 30 Highest-Grossing Hitman/Assassin Moviesa list of 30 images updated 6 months ago Create a list »User Lists Related lists from IMDb users Moviea list of 44 titles created 2 months ago Remarkable policewomena list of 23 images created 31 Jul 2015JJa list of 48 titles created 1 month agosidney poitier* 38/38 24_153-0=24_153 {2LRN_1LRW}a list of 24 titles created 12 Apr 2015Rewatcha list of 25 titles created 16 Feb 2015See all related lists »Related Items Search for \"\" The Jackal \"\" on Amazon.com Share this Rating Title: The Jackal (1997)6.4 /10Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. Show HTML View more styles User Polls Movies to Watch Day or Night Directors Working Against Type Best Opening Credits Bond Films Sans Bond Top 20 Worst Movies of 1997 (20th Anniversary)They Snipe See more polls »1 win & 4 nominations. See more awards »Videos See all 1 video »Photos See all 33 photos »Learn more People who liked this also liked...◄ Prev 6 Next 6 ►Add to Watchlist Next »Mercury Rising (1998)Action | Crime | Drama1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.1 / 10Shadowy elements in the NSA target a nine-year old autistic savant for death when he is able to decipher a top secret code. Director: Harold Becker Stars: Bruce Willis, Miko Hughes, Alec Baldwin Edit Cast Cast overview, first billed only: Bruce Willis... The Jackal Richard Gere... Declan Mulqueen Sidney Poitier... Preston Diane Venora... Valentina Koslova Mathilda May... Isabella J. K. Simmons... Witherspoon Richard Lineback... Mc Murphy John Cunningham... Donald Brown Jack Black... Lamont Tess Harper... The First Lady Leslie Phillips... Woolburton Stephen Spinella... Douglas Sophie Okonedo... Jamaican Girl David Hayman... Terek Murad Steve Bassett... George Decker See full cast »Edit Storyline In Moscow, the FBI and their Russian counterpart, the MVD, are working on a joint mission to apprehend Russian mobster Ghazzi Murad specifically for the murder of Mayor Nikolai Semankho. During the arrest, they are forced to kill Ghazzi. Ghazzi's brother, Terek Murad, also a mobster, begins his own form of deadly retribution against the MVD for Ghazzi's death. But the FBI and MVD also get wind that Terek has hired an assassin by the code name Jackal to carry out a hit on a high profile but unknown American target for the Americans sticking their nose in Russian affairs."
},
{
"docid": "D1003057#0",
"title": "http://callofduty.wikia.com/wiki/FMJ\nFMJ",
"text": "\"For the Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 weapon proficiency equivalent, see Impact. For a similarly named weapon, see FMG9. FMJ ( F ull M etal J acket) is a weapon attachment in Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2, Call of Duty: Black Ops II, Call of Duty Online, Call of Duty: Black Ops III, Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare and Call of Duty: WWII . Contents [ show]Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 Edit Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2Unlocked Kill 10 enemy players (Pistols) Kill 50 enemy players (Machine Pistols) Kill 75 enemy players (Sniper Rifles) Kill 150 enemy players (Shotguns) Kill 300 enemy players (Primaries)Used by All teams FMJ is the replacement to the perk Deep Impact from Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare, allowing bullets to penetrate surfaces more easily. It brings normal damage to the weapon using it against enemies in the open, though the in-game stats show an increase in damage. Instead, it allows the bullets to penetrate thicker surfaces, as well as losing less damage through other materials. If a player fires a weapon with the FMJ attachment, the bullets will be red tracers and a small rain of sparks will shoot from the bullets' impact point. This makes them easily visible so others can tell whether or not an enemy player has the FMJ attachment, while also changing the sound of the bullet impact. For some weapons, bullet holes appear larger while using FMJ. It is also worth noting that while it does not make the bullets themselves louder, the impact of an FMJ bullet makes very audible sounds that any player within ear-shot can hear, even if that player is using FMJ in conjunction with a silencer."
},
{
"docid": "D2509824#0",
"title": "http://www.kiplingsociety.co.uk/rg_junglebook_names.htm\n.",
"text": "TABAQUI (1 p. 4) the Jackal, is pronounced Tabarky. I think I made up this name myself (accent on bar ). GIDUR-LOG (1 p. 4) means literally `Jackal people'. Gidur, pronounced Geeder, is an Indian name for the jackal, and log - pronounced always logue, to rhyme with vogue - means people. Same as Bandar-log means Monkey People. BANDAR is pronounced Bunder. SHERE KHAN (1 p. 7) is pronounced Sheer Karn. ' Shere' means `Tiger' in some of the Indian dialects, and `Khan' is a title, more or less of distinction, to show that he was a chief among tigers. THE WAINGUNGA (1 p. 7) is a real river in Central India. It is pronounced Wine-gunger (accent on gung, I think)."
},
{
"docid": "D293069#0",
"title": "http://www.eders.com/gamo-whisper-fusion-mach-1-air-rifle-.177.html\nGamo Whisper Fusion Mach 1 - Air Rifle .177",
"text": "Home Hunting Airguns and Slingshots Pellet and BB Guns Gamo Gamo Whisper Fusion Mach 1 - Air Rifle .177Printable version Since 1998, eders.com has offered the largest selection archery and hunting equipment at the best prices. For even more savings on Archery and Bow Hunting Supplies, Join our Professional Bowhunter Buyer's Club. Membership is FREE for all members of the US Military and for First Responders. Gamo Whisper Fusion Mach 1 - Air Rifle .177Stock Photos - pictures may not match the actual item. Please refer to product description View Detailed Images 2Share / Bookmark Details SKU 76507Manufacturer Gamo In stock 6 item (s) available Weight 8.60 lbs UPC 793676073378Manfacturer Number 6110063254Price $ 239.21Options Quantity (from 1 to 6)Add to Cart Ask a question about this product← Previous product Next product →Product Description Whisper Fusion noise reduction technology uses a double integrated sound moderator to compress and prevent noise expansion. IGT Mach 1 technology uses an Inert Gas Cylinder to deliver more velocity with less vibration and smoother cocking. Custom Action Trigger is adjustable for 1st and 2nd stages. Recoil Reducing Rail extends scope life. Available in .177 cal. ( 1420 FPS)."
},
{
"docid": "D3420839#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/Did-different-breeds-of-dogs-evolve-on-their-own-or-were-they-selectively-bred-by-humans\nDid different breeds of dogs evolve on their own, or were they selectively bred by humans and why? What evidence do we have? What survival advantages were realized?",
"text": "\"Suzanne Sadedin, Ph. D. Evolutionary Biology, Monash University (2004)Answered Apr 5, 2014 · Author has 265 answers and 6.7m answer views Thanks for asking! The short answer is that all modern dog breeds were created by artificial selection on a particular lineage of gray wolves: Modern dogs can still interbreed successfully with wolves, but as they don't much care to, and clearly have their own ecological niche, we consider them a separate species (you might say it's agrayarea). Gray wolves themselves are highly diverse, with many local varieties. In fact, these canids are a mess. Some of the gray wolf varieties are so different from the prototypical wolf that we used to think they were actually different species. Coyotes are genetically continuous with wolves, even though wolves eat them for breakfast. Recent genetic testing showed that the Egyptian Jackal (below), which looks very much like other jackals, is actually a variety of gray wolf. The Golden Jackal, which looks very similar, is a separate species from wolves, whilst other jackals are more closely related to dholes and African Wild Dogs. Confused yet?"
},
{
"docid": "D2940871#0",
"title": "http://www.audioenglish.org/dictionary/genus_canis.htm\nGENUS CANIS",
"text": "\"Audio English.org » Dictionary » G » Genus Cananga ... Genus Cedrus GENUS CANISDictionary entry overview: What does genus Canis mean?• GENUS CANIS (noun) The noun GENUS CANIS has 1 sense:1. type genus of the Canidae: domestic and wild dogs; wolves; jackals Familiarity information: GENUS CANIS used as a noun is very rare. Dictionary entry details• GENUS CANIS (noun)Sense 1 genus Canis [BACK TO TOP]Meaning: Type genus of the Canidae: domestic and wild dogs; wolves; jackals Classified under: Nouns denoting animals Synonyms: Canis; genus Canis Hypernyms (\"\"genus Canis\"\" is a kind of...):mammal genus (a genus of mammals)Meronyms (members of \"\"genus Canis\"\"): Canis familiaris; dog; domestic dog (a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds)wolf (any of various predatory carnivorous canine mammals of North America and Eurasia that usually hunt in packs)Canis aureus; jackal (Old World nocturnal canine mammal closely related to the dog; smaller than a wolf; sometimes hunts in a pack but usually singly or as a member of a pair)Holonyms (\"\"genus Canis\"\" is a member of...): Canidae; family Canidae (dogs; wolves; jackals; foxes)Learn English with... Proverbs of the week\"\"It was probably a waste of time anyway.\"\" ( English proverb) \"\"The more cowherds there are, the worse the cows are looked after\"\" (Breton proverb) \"\"The envious person is a sad person.\"\" ( Arabic proverb) \"\"He who seeks, finds.\"\" ( Corsican proverb)GENUS CANIS: related words searches» dog: pronunciation in phonetic transcription » What does domestic dog mean? » Who was wolf? » Meaning of jackal » Definition of Canidae Related FAQs:» CANISGENUS CANAVALIAGENUS CANCERGENUS CANDIDAGENUS CANELLAGENUS CANISGENUS CANNAGENUS CANNABISGENUS CANTHARELLUSGENUS CAPELLAGENUS CAPPARISEnglish learning courses About Practical English About Telephone English About Accounting English Learn English Free English Language Dictionary British and American English pronunciation Other popular searches:» what does kinetic energy mean » piet mondrian » simon legree » nerita peloronta » meaning of green revolution Page delivered in 0.0414 seconds \""
},
{
"docid": "D1515736#0",
"title": "http://www.outtoafrica.nl/animals/engjackal.html\n.",
"text": "Jackel FACT FILE: Swahili Name: Bweha Scientific Name: Common ( Canis aureus ), side-striped ( Canis adustus ), black-backed ( Canis mesomelas)Size: 15 to 20 inches at the shoulder Weight: 15 to 35 pounds Lifespan: 10 to 12 years Habitat: Open and wooded savanna Diet: Omnivorous/scavenger Gestation: About two months Predators: Leopards, hyenas, eagles The jackal, a medium-sized carnivore with doglike features and a bushy tail, is widely distributed in Africa, the Middle East and India. This animal has long been the subject of superstition about death and evil spirits. The ancient Egyptians believed a jackal-headed god, Anubis, guided the dead to those who judged their souls. Such beliefs were probably encouraged by the jackal's cleverness, nocturnal habits, eerie howling and scavenging. Physical Characteristics The three species of jackal in East Africa are the golden or common jackal, the side-striped jackal and the black-backed or silver-backed jackal. The golden jackal is somewhat shorter and stockier, and the black-backed is the most slender and upstanding, with noticeably larger ears. Mainly, they differ in color and choice of habitat. The sandy-colored golden jackal prefers open, grassy plains, while the side-striped jackal lives along water courses with dense undergrowth. This jackal is drabber in color, has a white tip on the tail and indistinct black and white stripes along the sides of the body. The black-backed jackal is easily recognized by the mantle of black hair on the back that contrasts with the rust-colored body."
},
{
"docid": "D1836492#0",
"title": "http://www.clear-vision.org/Schools/Students/Ages-4-7/story-of-lion-and-jackal.aspx\nThe Lion and the Jackal",
"text": "Schools > Students > Ages 4-7 > Story of the Lion and the Jackal The Lion and the Jackal (Easier to read pdf)One day, a young lion was hunting in the hillswhen he found a cave. “ This cave would make aperfect home for our family,” he thought. “ It willshelter us at night, and each morning we can godown to the river to catch some food. In fact, Ithink I’ll catch some now,” and he boundeddown the hillside towards the river. The young lion raced along the muddy bank andhurled himself over a bush in an attempt to catcha deer. He missed and landed instead right in themiddle of a patch of deep mud. He struggled toget free, but the more he struggled, the deeperhe sank. “ Oh no! I’m stuck!” he gasped. “"
},
{
"docid": "D3282990#0",
"title": "http://huntinginafricasafaris.com/project/father-and-son-hunting-packages-africa/\nFather and Son hunting in Africa",
"text": "Father and Son hunting in Africa Father and Son hunting in Africa Packages with Mkulu African Hunting Safaris. Book now Father and Son hunting packages Africa The Mkulu African Hunting Safaris Father and Son hunting packages Africa have proven to be one of our best-selling South African hunting safari packages. It is our experience that fathers who bring their sons on African hunting trips end up planning their very next hunting safari while still hunting with us. The experiences shared by both father and son leave lasting impressions and both go back with a new admiration for each other. You will be hunting with one of our very experienced hunting guides, taking you on epic hunting excursions every day. We have a lot of fun when hunting but at the same time we are very serious about the hunt itself. We share animations of the stalk after dinner by the fire while only being interrupted by jackal, who want to challenge us for the next days’ hunt. Sometimes we hunt one or two animals on the same day, and sometimes we return empty-handed. Nonetheless, we get right back out there for more at the first opportunity we can. Upon arrival in camp we orientate you with regards to what you can find where, sight the rifles, have something to eat and head out hunting as soon as we can."
},
{
"docid": "D2289906#0",
"title": "http://comeseethenamib.weebly.com/plants-and-animals.html\n.",
"text": "Animals and Plants Producers Trees, such as the Camelthorn or Ringwood trees, are not abundant in the Namib. The Welwitschia mirabilis is a famous plant in the Namib due to its brown color and wideness. It adapts to the sun and heat with its growth in thickness of stem instead of height. It can live for up to 2,000 years, and grow up to 24 feet wide. Herbs have a short lifespan in the Namib, however they are very adaptable, so they can survive in this biome. Grasses are much less abundant in the desert than in the rest of Namibia other than the spiny cladoraphis . Bushes are restricted by the desert heat. The plants of the namib are some of the most interesting in the world!Welwitschia mirabilis Consumers The Gemsbok is an interesting species in the desert of Namibia. They are part of the antelope species, and a brown coat, similar to that of the sand in the desert. They are often hunted for these horns, and can run very fast."
},
{
"docid": "D3414361#0",
"title": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/jackal\njackal",
"text": "\"jackalnoun jack·al \\ ˈja-kəl also -ˌkȯl \\Popularity: Bottom 40% of words Trending Now:oligarch glib depose omnibus acrimony ALLTime Traveler! Explore the year a word first appeared Definition of jackal1: any of several small omnivorous canids (such as Canis aureus) of Africa and Asia having large ears, long legs, and bushy tails2 a: a person who performs routine or menial tasks for anotherb: a person who serves or collaborates with another especially in the commission of base acts See jackal defined for English-language learners See jackal defined for kids Recent Examples of jackal from the Web Hyenas chased off the smaller jackals, fighting amongst themselves for the prize.— National Geographic, \"\"Our Favorite Lion Videos Reveal the Power of Predators,\"\" 10 Aug. 2017Without light, the snipers and jackals patrolling the streets disappear.— charles theel, Ars Technica, \"\"This War of Mine,\"\" 28 Oct. 2017Even a jackal move – firing or reassigning Pagano and replacing him with Arians – wouldn’t have worked, because Arians wouldn’t have taken the job under those conditions.— gregg doyel, Indianapolis Star, \"\"Doyel: The uncomfortable truth – Bruce Arians is a better coach than Chuck Pagano,\"\" 14 Sep. 2017These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'jackal.' Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback. Origin and Etymology of jackal Turkish çakal, from Persian shaqāl, of Indo-Aryan origin; akin to Sanskrit sṛgāla jackal NEW! Time Traveler First Known Use: 1603See Words from the same year JACKAL Defined for English Language Learnersjackalnoun Definition of jackal for English Language Learners: a wild dog found in Africa and Asia JACKAL Defined for Kidsjackalnoun jack·al \\ ˈja-kəl \\Definition of jackal for Students: a wild dog of Africa and Asia like but smaller than a wolf Learn More about jackal See words that rhyme with jackal Spanish Central: Translation of jackal Nglish: Translation of jackal for Spanish speakers Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about jackal Seen and Heard What made you want to look up jackal? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).show \""
},
{
"docid": "D1007742#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spider-Man_(2017_TV_series)\nSpider-Man (2017 TV series)",
"text": "\"Spider-Man (2017 TV series)From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Marvel's Spider-Man Genre Superhero fiction Based on Spider-Man by Stan Lee Steve Ditko Developed by Kevin Shinick Voices of Robbie Daymond Laura Bailey Nadji Jeter Josh Keaton Nancy Linari Melanie Minichino Max Mittelman Fred Tatasciore Composer (s) Kevin Manthei Country of origin United States Original language (s)English No. of seasons 1No. of episodes 25Production Executive producer (s)Alan Fine Dan Buckley Joe Quesada Jeph Loeb Stan Lee Eric Radomski Running time 21-22 mins Production company (s)Marvel Animation Distributor Disney–ABC Domestic Television Release Original network Disney XDOriginal release August 19, 2017 – present Chronology Preceded by Ultimate Spider-Man Marvel's Spider-Man, or simply Spider-Man, is an American animated television series based on the Spider-Man comics published by Marvel Comics. It is a replacement for the previous series, Ultimate Spider-Man, and premiered on August 19, 2017 on Disney XD. The series has been renewed for a second season. [ 1] [2]Contents [ hide ]1 Plot2 Cast3 Crew4 Production5 Episodes5.1 Series overview5.2 Origin Shorts (2017)5.3 Season 1 (2017–18)6 Broadcast7 Reception8 References9 External links Plot [ edit]After the death of his Uncle Ben, an intelligent teenager named Peter Parker comes to his own terms of becoming a masked superhero named Spider-Man when he was bitten by a radioactive spider during a school field trip to Oscorp and given spider-like powers. [ 3]In Season Two, Peter Parker will navigate his sophmore year and working at the Daily Bugle while contending with Doctor Octopus. This season will adopt plotlines from The Superior Spider-Man comics. [ 4]Cast [ edit]Robbie Daymond – Spider-Man / Peter Parker [5]Laura Bailey – Spider-Gwen / Gwen Stacy [5]Nadji Jeter – Spider-Kid / Miles Morales [5]Josh Keaton – Norman Osborn [6]Nancy Linari – Aunt May Parker [5]Melanie Minichino – Anya Corazon [5]Max Mittelman – Hobgoblin / Harry Osborn [5]Fred Tatasciore – Max Modell [5]Crew [ edit]Amanda Goodbread – Casting Director and Recording Manager Philip Pignotti – Supervising Director [7]Kevin Shinick – Story Editor [7]Collette Sunderman – ADR Voice Director Kris Zimmerman-Salter – Voice Director Production [ edit]In October 2016, the series was announced by Cort Lane, senior vice president of Marvel Animation, as a replacement for the series' predecessor, Ultimate Spider-Man, which ended its run in early January 2017. It premiered on August 19, 2017 on Disney XD. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1515739#0",
"title": "https://animalcorner.co.uk/animals/jackal/\nJackal",
"text": "Jackal ADVERTISEMENTImage Source A Jackal is a small to medium sized canid found in Africa, Asia and southeastern Europe. It is Known as a ‘Bweha’ in Swahili. There are three species of Jackal, the Common Jackal (Canis aureus), the Side-striped Jackal (Canis adustus) and the Black-backed Jackal (Canis mesomelas). Common Jackals are also known as Golden Jackals, Asiatic Jackals and Oriental Jackals. Jackals are similar to the African ecological niche as Coyotes are in North America. Jackal Description Jackals vary in size and colour depending on species, however, they generally measure 15 – 20 inches high at the shoulder, have a body length of 70 – 86 centimetres and weigh between 15 – 35 pounds. Jackals are well adapted as long distance runners with their large feet and fused leg bones. Jackals are able to run for long periods of time maintaining speeds of 10 miles per hour. Jackals have similar features to dogs. The Common Jackal has a shorter and heavier appearance and has a sandy coloured coat while the Black-backed Jackal is the most slender and upstanding species with larger eyes and a distinctive black mantle streaked with silver on its back contrasting with a rusty coloured body."
}
] |
8355 | who plays lady sif | [
{
"docid": "D2855209#0",
"title": "http://www.ign.com/articles/2014/01/17/jaimie-alexander-guest-starring-as-thors-lady-sif-on-marvels-agents-of-shield\nJaimie Alexander Guest Starring as Lady Sif on Marvel's Agents of SHIELD",
"text": "\"Jaimie Alexander/ 17 Jan 2014Jaimie Alexander Guest Starring as Lady Sif on Marvel's Agents of SHIELDShare. By Eric Goldman At the TCA (Television Critics Association) press tour today, ABC president Paul Lee revealed a notable guest star from the Marvel movies is coming to Marvel's Agents of SHIELD in the form of Jaimie Alexander, who will reprise her role as Lady Sif, the Asgardian warrior she's played in Thor and Thor: The Dark World. Alexander is filming her guest role right now, for the 15th episode of SHIELD's first season. Her guest appearance will mark the first time a non-SHIELD agent character first introduced in the films is showing up on SHIELD (Cobie Smulders, Maximiliano Hernández and Samuel L. Jackson have appeared on the series so far) and she's also the first superpowered character from the films to guest star. Jaime Alexander as Lady Sif in Thor: The Dark World. Lee talked up the back-nine episodes of Agents of SHIELD (the ones shot when it got picked up from its initial 13-episode order to 22), saying he felt they were notably strong. He teased, \"\"You're going to find out who the Clairvoyant is and it's going to be very, very cool. \"\" Asked about how he felt the show had gone creatively, Lee said, “It did take us a little bit of time to find our sea legs. The key was to really work with the studios and showrunners and figure out how we could have s show that didn’t have iron man but did have an incredibly amount of the Marvel Universe. It took a little bit of time to figure out the balance between procedural and an arc.”"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D3461469#0",
"title": "http://darksouls.wikia.com/wiki/Great_Grey_Wolf_Sif\nGreat Grey Wolf Sif",
"text": "\"Great Grey Wolf Sif Location Darkroot Garden Drops Covenant of Artorias Soul of Sif Humanity Homeward Bone Health NG NG+3,432 5,800Souls NG NG+40,000 120,000Great Grey Wolf Sif is a boss in Dark Souls . Contents [ show]Location Edit Sif can be found in Darkroot Garden behind large, glowing doors, guarding the grave of Artorias the Abysswalker, one of Gwyn's four knights . Artorias of the Abyss Edit Sif makes an appearance in the Artorias of The Abyss DLC. The player finds the wolf located behind an Illusory Wall after being led about by Alvina in the Chasm of the Abyss. Sif is found protected by a magical barrier, which was created by Artorias using his Greatshield in order to shield the wolf from the corruption of the Abyss. Upon reaching Sif after defeating the Humanity Phantoms, Sif will vanish and leave behind Artorias' shield. Sif can be summoned during the battle against Manus, Father of the Abyss, after being rescued by the player. If the Chosen Undead saves Sif in the Chasm of the Abyss before killing Sif in Darkroot Garden, a different cutscene will play before the fight; however, this can only be done if the player places the Lordvessel in the altar through Firelink Shrine, as Artorias' ring is needed to access Kaathe. In the cutscene, Sif will recognize the player as they approach and let out a whimper. The protagonist reaches out to pet the wolf, but Sif pulls away and howls mournfully before sadly picking up Artorias' greatsword."
},
{
"docid": "D2390197#0",
"title": "http://www.superherohype.com/news/332779-supergirl-series-casts-young-kara-zor-el\nSupergirl Series Casts Young Kara Zor-El",
"text": "\"Supergirl Series Casts Young Kara Zor-El Spencer Perry Mar 09, 2015The Hollywood Reporter brings word that the upcoming CBS series “Supergirl” has cast a young version of the titular hero to be played by Malina Weissman. Weissman previously played the young version of another comic book character, April O’Neil, in last year’s Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles . Melissa Benoist will play the grown version of Supergirl and lead a cast that also includes Mehcad Brooks as James Olsen, Laura Benanti as Alura Zor-El, Calista Flockhart as Cat Grant, Chyler Leigh as Alexandra “Alex” Danvers, Jeremy Jordan as Winslow “Winn” Schott, David Harewood as Hank Henshaw and, in mystery roles, Dean Cain and Helen Slater. Hailing from Warner Bros. TV and Berlanti Productions (who also produce the hit DC Comics series “Arrow” and “The Flash” for The CW), “Supergirl” is based on the characters from DC Comics and centers on Kara Zor-El, who comes to Earth after escaping the destruction of Krypton. After many years hiding her abilities, she joins the ranks of her cousin Superman to become the hero she was meant to be. The pilot episode of “Supergirl” was written by Ali Adler (“No Ordinary Family”) and Greg Berlanti (“Arrow,” “The Flash”). They will also executive produce along with Sarah Schechter and Warner Bros. TV. The show has a series commitment at CBS. ( Photo Credit: Getty Images)SHARE TWEETJames Gunn Says Marvel Will be Absent from Comic-Con Lady Sif Returns in First Clip from New Marvel’s Agents of S. H. I. E. L. D. Tags: Supergirl Sorry, the browser you are using is not currently supported. Disqus actively supports the following browsers: Firefox Chrome Internet Explorer 11+Safari Yeppers • 3 years agothat's a hell of a match!"
},
{
"docid": "D1448691#0",
"title": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211383511000062\nOriginal articlePreparation and optimization of various parameters of enteric coated pellets using the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design and their characterization",
"text": "Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica BVolume 1, Issue 1, June 2011, Pages 56-63open access Original article Preparation and optimization of various parameters of enteric coated pellets using the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design and their characterization D. Shravani a P. K. Lakshmi a J. Balasubramaniam b Show morehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2011.04.005 Get rights and content Open Access funded by Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Chinese Pharmaceutical Association Under a Creative Commons license Abstract Duloxetine hydrochloride enteric coated pellets were formulated using fluidized bed. Three separate layers, the drug layer, the barrier layer, and the enteric layer, were coated onto the inert core pellets. The pellets were optimized with the acid resistance and drug release in simulated intestinal fluid as the process parameters, using the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. Various other properties, such as surface morphology, bulk and tapped density, Hausner's ratio, hardness, friability, yield of pellets, moisture content, and particle size distribution, were also studied in the optimized pellets. The concentration of the enteric polymer played a vital role in acid resistance, while the type of enteric polymer affected the drug release in simulated intestinal fluid. In both cases, it was determined that binder polymer concentration was not affected much. The comparisons between the optimized pellets and a market formulation yielded f 1 and f 2 values within a range of 4–5 and 60–65, respectively. Three month stability studies, conducted at accelerated conditions, showed the optimized pellets to be stable. Taguchi plays an important role in optimizing parameters, and optimization of duloxetine hydrochloride can be achieved with minimal trials. Previous article Next article Key words Duloxetine Pellet Enteric polymer Barrier layer Taguchi L9 orthogonal array1."
},
{
"docid": "D1328901#0",
"title": "http://www.ajnr.org/content/31/2/201\nImaging and Treatment of Sacral Insufficiency Fractures",
"text": "Review Article Review Articles Imaging and Treatment of Sacral Insufficiency Fractures E. M. Lyders, C. T. Whitlow, M. D. Baker and P. P. Morris American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2010, 31 (2) 201-210; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr. A1666Article Figures & Data Info & Metrics References PDFAbstract SUMMARY: SIFs are a common, though often unsuspected, cause of low back pain in the elderly. Although numerous radiographic modalities can be used to diagnose SIFs, bone scintigraphy and MR imaging are the most sensitive. Conservative management involves various combinations of bed rest, rehabilitation, and analgesics. More recently, sacroplasty has emerged as an alternative therapy for the treatment of SIFs, with prospective studies and case reports suggesting that it is a safe and effective therapy. This article reviews the imaging appearance of SIFs and discusses treatment options with a focus on sacroplasty. Abbreviations FEAfinite-element analysis MDPmethylene diphosphonate PMMApolymethylmethacrylate SIFsacral insufficiency fracture VASvisual analog pain scale. SIFs are a common cause of debilitating back pain in the elderly. Since they were first described as a clinical entity in 1982 by Lourie, 1 the awareness of this entity among health care professionals has increased. However, there is often a delay in diagnosis because clinical symptoms are frequently vague and nonspecific and can mimic a variety of pathologic processes in a predominantly elderly population, including radiculopathy and metastatic disease."
},
{
"docid": "D478581#0",
"title": "http://www.tor.com/2013/11/11/thor-the-dark-world-spoiler-review/\nGuys, We Have to Talk About Loki. Also, Science. Thor: The Dark World",
"text": "movies Thor: The Dark World Guys, We Have to Talk About Loki. Also, Science. Thor: The Dark World Emily Asher-Perrin Mon Nov 11, 2013 10:00am 51 comments 1 Favorite [+]I’m sure you’ve probably seen a couple (or more) reviews of Thor: The Dark World out there that are sort of flail-y and excited and filled with all caps that just generally praise this movie for being true to its thing and a heck of a lot of fun, plus, you know, LOKI. Yeah, this is totally one of those reviews. Maybe with a teensy bit more analysis? I’ll try. WARNING: Spoilers for the entirety of Thor: The Dark World. Thor: The Dark World is starting from an advantage when compared to its predecessor. No one has to work to convince us that we want to watch these characters anymore and we already buy into their premise. The awkward (in that it was super rushed) start of the love story between Thor and Jane can basically be glossed over and moved on from because we spend a lot more time with Jane in this film, and the relationship is simply treated as established."
},
{
"docid": "D2067458#0",
"title": "http://marvel.wikia.com/wiki/Loki_Laufeyson_(Earth-616)\nLoki Laufeyson (Earth-616)",
"text": "\"Loki Gallery Real Name Loki Laufeyson [1]Aliases God of Mischief, [ citation needed]God of Evil, [ citation needed] Prince of Evil, [ citation needed] the Son of Secrets, [ citation needed] the Maker of Mischief, [ citation needed] the Sly One, [ citation needed] the Lord of all Liars, [2] Lie-Smith, [1]Sly-God, [1] Shape-Changer, [1]Wizard of Lies, [1] Loki Trick-Skin, [3] Tso Zhung, [4]Loren Olson, [5] the Trickster of Asgard, [ citation needed] Ikol, [6] Serrure, [7] Gem-Keeper, [8] Willie Lawson, [9] Lester, [8] Tyfon, [8] Typhon, [8] Father Williams, [9] during the 1940s and 50s he briefly called himself Satan on occasion; [10] As a shape-changer, Loki has impersonated many individuals (among them the Scarlet Witch, [11] Idunn) [12] and things on Asgard and Earth Relatives Buri (Tiwaz) (paternal foster great-grandfather);Bolthorn (maternal foster great-grandfather); Bor Burison (paternal foster grandfather); Bestla (paternal foster grandmother, presumed deceased); Gaea (maternal foster grandmother); Mimir, Njord (paternal foster great-uncles); Laufey (father); Farbauti (mother); Odin Borson (foster father); Frigga (foster mother); Cul, Vili, Ve (paternal foster uncles); Sigyn (wife, separated; deceased); Byleistr, Helblindi (brothers); [3]Thor, Balder, Hermod, Vidar, Tyr (paternal foster brothers); Angela, Laussa (paternal foster sisters), Kid Loki (younger incarnation); Loki Laufeyson (Ikol) (current incarnation); Arkin (cousin); Hoder (paternal foster cousin); Tess Black (daughter); Hela (alleged daughter, seemingly not); Narvi (son via Sigyn, deceased); Váli (son via Sigyn, deceased); Son of Satan, Fenris Wolf, Midgard Serpent (Jormungand), Sleipnir, Vali Halfling (sons); Hoarfen, Sturm, Drang, Wolf Gods (grandsons)Affiliation Asgardians, Frost Giants, ally of the Dark Council Members; formerly Cabal, Lost Gods, Mighty Avengers (as Scarlet Witch), manipulator of the \"\"Acts of Vengeance\"\" prime movers ( Dr. Doom, Magneto, Red Skull (Johann Schmidt), Mandarin, Wizard, Kingpin ), former ally of Karnilla, the Enchantress, the Executioner, the Absorbing Man, Lorelei, Dormammu Base Of Operations Mobile; formerly Castle of Loki ( Asgard ); New York City, New York Status Identity No Dual Identity ; regarded as a mythological character by the general populace of Earth Citizenship Asgardian Marital Status Separated Occupation Deity; Adventurer; Asgardian Spy; former God of Mischief and Evil [3]Education Extensive training in black magic Characteristics [66]Gender Genderfluid Height6' 4\"\"Weight525 lbs (238 kg)Eyes Green Hair Black ; (as adult) Black-Gray Unusual Features Loki briefly possessed the form of Sif. Origin Origin Deity; Frost Giant, adopted by Odin Universe Earth-616Place of Birth Jotunheim, Asgard Creators Violet Barclay, Many Hands, Chu Hing, Pierce Rice, Don Rico, Mike Sekowsky, Pete Tumlinson, Stan Lee, Larry Lieber, Jack Kirby First Appearance Appearance of Death Venus #6 ( August, 1949) (Golden-Age appearance)Journey into Mystery #85 ( October, 1962) (Silver-Age appearance)Siege #4 ( June, 2010)Contents [ show]History Such bluster. How very typical. Ever the sheltered son. So many fractured delusions. You know nothing of war. For all these countless millennia -- when it comes to the two of us -- you seem to have avoided the simplest of conclusions. Instead, you feel the incessant need to avenge every wrong you perceive from your position of languid morality...as if it were some sort of game. Quite sad. But if it's a war you truly desire, Thor -- then Loki can happily provide.-- Loki src Early Years Loki Laufeyson is the son of Queen Farbauti and King Laufey, leader of the Giants of Jotunheim."
},
{
"docid": "D1036674#0",
"title": "http://marvelcinematicuniverse.wikia.com/wiki/Loki\nLoki",
"text": "\"Loki Real Name Loki Laufeyson Alias (es)Loki Odinson God of Mischief Loki of Asgard Your Savior Reindeer Games The Would-Be King Real Power Rock of Ages Puny God The War Criminal Loki of Jotunheim The Asgardian Mussolini Odin Little Blue Baby Icicle Ghost Lackey Peace Offering Liesmith Species Frost Giant Citizenship Jotun (formerly)Asgardian Gender Male Age1052-1053Date of Birth965 A. D. Title (s)Prince of Asgard King of Asgard (formerly; twice)Affiliation Asgardian Royal Family Chitauri (formerly)Revengers (formerly)Sakaaran Rebellion (formerly)Status Alive Appearances Movie Thor The Avengers Thor: The Dark World Avengers: Age of Ultron (mentioned)Captain America: Civil War (mentioned)Doctor Strange (mentioned)Thor: Ragnarok Avengers: Infinity War (unreleased)TV series Agents of S. H. I. E. L. D. (mentioned)Web series WHi H Newsfront (footage)Team Thor (photograph)Game Thor: God of Thunder Thor: The Dark World - The Official Game Comic Thor Adaptation Thor, The Mighty Avenger Captain America & Thor: Avengers!The Avengers Prelude: Fury's Big Week The Avengers Adaptation Thor: The Dark World Prelude Avengers: Age of Ultron Prelude - This Scepter'd Isle Thor: Ragnarok Prelude Avengers: Infinity War Prelude Actors/Actresses Portrayed by Tom Hiddleston Ted Allpress (young)Chris Evans (illusion)Brett Tucker (illusion)Anthony Hopkins (illusion)Voiced by David Wells\"\"Oh dear brother, you're becoming predictable. I trust you, you betray me and round and round in circles we go. See, Loki, life is about growth, it's about change. But you just seem to want to stay the same. I guess what I'm trying to say is that you'll always be the God of Mischief. But you could be more. \"\"― Thor [src]Loki Laufeyson is the biological son of Laufey, the ruler of the Frost Giants in Jotunheim. Shortly after his birth, Loki was then abandoned and left to die. Found by the Asgardian King Odin, he was taken to Asgard and raised by Odin and his wife Frigga as an Asgardian prince, along with their biological son Thor. When he grew up, he became known as the \"\"God of Mischief\"\"."
},
{
"docid": "D1748081#0",
"title": "http://marvelcinematicuniverse.wikia.com/wiki/Thor\nThor",
"text": "\"For other uses, see Thor (disambiguation)Thor Real Name Thor Odinson Alias (es)The Mighty Thor God of Thunder Prince of Thunder Prince of Asgard Heir to the Throne of Asgard Son of Odin Odinborn Odinson Little Princess Crazy Homeless Person Donald Blake Donny Point Break The Demigod The Big Guy with the Hammer Witless Oaf The Future King of Asgard The Man Who Wouldn't Be King The Big Blonde Dude with the Hammer First Son of Odin Blondie Your Majesty Lord of Thunder Sparkles Thunder Defender Tiny Avenger Banner's Friend Baby Arms Couple of Hot-Headed Fools (with Hulk) Water Smoldering Fire Seductive Lord of Thunder Seductive God of Thunder Strongest Avenger New Doug Dumbo God of Hammers The Gypsy Dude A Handsome Muscular Man Species Asgardian Frog (temporarily)Citizenship Asgardian Gender Male Date of Death June 2, 2010 [1] [2] [3] (revived by Mjølnir)Title (s)Prince of Asgard (formerly) King of Asgard God of Thunder Affiliation Asgardian Royal Family Avengers (formerly)Revengers (formerly)Status Alive Appearances Movie Thor Captain America: The First Avenger (drawing)The Avengers Iron Man 3 (mentioned)Thor: The Dark World Avengers: Age of Ultron Captain America: Civil War (mentioned)Doctor Strange ( post-credits scene)Spider-Man: Homecoming (drawing & mentioned)Thor: Ragnarok Avengers: Infinity War (unreleased)Avengers 4 (unreleased)TV series Agents of S. H. I. E. L. D. (mentioned)Luke Cage (mentioned)Web series Team Thor Team Thor: Part 2Team Darryl (mentioned)Game Thor: God of Thunder Thor: The Dark World - The Official Game Comic Thor Adaptation Thor, The Mighty Avenger Captain America & Thor: Avengers!The Avengers Prelude: Fury's Big Week The Avengers Adaptation Iron Man 3 Prelude Thor: The Dark World Prelude Avengers: Operation HYDRAThor: Ragnarok Prelude Avengers: Infinity War Prelude Actors/Actresses Portrayed by Chris Hemsworth Dakota Goyo (young)Jaimie Alexander (illusion)Voiced by Travis Willingham\"\"I choose to run towards my problems, and not away from them, because that's what heroes do. \"\" ―Thor [src]Thor Odinson is the current king of Asgard, a founding member of the Avengers, and the God of Thunder. When his irresponsible behavior restarted a conflict between Asgard and Jotunheim, Thor was denied the right to become King, stripped of his power, and banished by his father Odin to Earth. While exiled on Earth, Thor learned humility, finding love with Jane Foster, and helping to save his new friends from a destructive threat sent by his adoptive brother Loki. Sacrificing his own life to save the innocent mortals in the process. Due to his selfless act of sacrifice, Thor redeemed himself in his father's eyes and was granted his power once more, which he then used to defeat Loki's schemes of genocide. Upon being welcomed back to Asgard as a hero, Thor was forced to return to the Earth in order to retrieve Loki after he had survived falling through a black hole and had begun his attempt at world domination, having taken possession of the Tesseract. Thor joined the Avengers under the guidance of S. H. I. E. L. D. and stood with them to stop the schemes of his own adopted brother, eventually following the newly formed team as they battled against Loki's army of the Chitauri during the Battle of New York until Loki was eventually defeated by the Avengers, captured and returned onto Asgard to await justice for his crimes against the Earth. Thor returned to Asgard having defeated his brother's schemes, as he then helped the Asgardian Armies restore peace across all of the Nine Realms during the Marauders' War. However the peace proved to be short lived as Thor then fought the Dark Elves during the Second Dark Elf Conflict as they had attempted to transform the Nine Realms into eternal darkness."
},
{
"docid": "D2855215#0",
"title": "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1526352/\nJaimie Alexander",
"text": "\"Top 5000Jaimie Alexander Actress Official Photos »Jaimie Alexander was born in Greenville, South Carolina, but moved with her family to Grapevine, Texas, when she was four years old. She took theatre classes in grade school as a hobby but was kicked out in high school because she could not sing, and so she took up sports instead. At age 17 she substituted for a friend at a meeting with a scouting... See full bio »Born: March 12, 1984 in Greenville, South Carolina, USAMore at IMDb Pro »Contact Info: View agent, manager, publicist and legal530 photos | 33 videos »Quick Links Biography Awards Photo Gallery Filmography (by Job)Trailers and Videos Explore More Are You Team Emily or Team John? Emily Blunt or John Krasinski: Who would survive in a post-apocalyptic world? The cast of A Quiet Place place their bets. Watch now Share this page: Related News Blindspot: Season Three Wraps; Fingers Crossed for Season Four21 hours ago | TVSeries Finale Blindspot Photos: It's Jane and Zapata Like You've Never Seen Them Before!19 March 2018 | TVLine.com Today in Soap Opera History (March 12)13 March 2018 | We Love Soaps See all related articles »Around The Web Powered by Zerg Net On Prime Video Watch Now Savannah Watch Now Thor Watch Now Thor: The Dark World Watch Now Loosies Watch Now The Last Stand See more on Prime Video »Watch on TVThe Last Stand Wed, Apr 18 6:00 PM PDT on AMC (057)The Last Stand Thu, Apr 19 3:00 PM PDT on AMC (057)Explore more on IMDb TV »Editorial Lists Related lists from IMDb editors Fact Check: TV Show Settings vs. Filming Locationsa list of 17 images updated 6 months ago Trending Stars at Comic-Cona list of 272 people updated 8 months ago Fall TV Top Starsa list of 228 people updated 02 Nov 2016Top 10 Trending Fall TV Stars According to IMDb Usersa list of 10 images updated 20 Oct 20162015-16 TV Season: Renewed, Canceled, and on the Bubblea list of 225 images updated 23 Sep 2016Create a list »User Lists Related lists from IMDb users Actresses hota list of 50 people created 3 months ago Favorite femalea list of 37 people created 3 weeks agobeautiful actressesa list of 43 people created 06 Apr 2015My faviourte top hottest actress.a list of 34 people created 11 months ago Gorgeous Eyesa list of 30 people created 12 Jun 2015See all related lists »Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDb Page Find out more at IMDb Pro »How Much Have You Seen? How much of Jaimie Alexander's work have you seen? User Polls IMDb Calendar People Domino Casting Who do you want as the female lead in True Detective 2? Sexiest TV Alien Casting for Catwoman Who Should Be the Next 'Bond Girl'?"
},
{
"docid": "D1828373#0",
"title": "http://marvel.wikia.com/wiki/Hulk_Vs._(film)\nHulk Vs. (film)",
"text": "Hulk Vs. Title Hulk Vs. Aliases Hulk Smash! Hulk Vs. Hulk vs. Wolverine Hulk vs. Thor Universe Earth-8096Film Details Directors Frank Paur Sam Liu Producers Craig Kyle Story Writers Craig Kyle, Christopher Yost Distributors Lionsgate Home Entertainment Running Time78 min. Rating PG-13 [1] (Thor) PG-13 [2] (Wolverine)Release Date (s)January 13, 2009Associated Websites On the Internet Movie Databaseimdb.com Previous Film—Twice the carnage. Double the smash. Contents [ show]Appearances Featured Characters: Hulk (First appearance)Thor (First appearance)Wolverine (First appearance)Supporting Characters: Sif (First appearance)Betty Ross (Only appearance) [3] (Dream)Villains: Loki (First appearance)Enchantress (Amora) (First appearance)Weapon X (First appearance)Team X (First appearance)Professor Abraham Cornelius (First appearance)Sabretooth (Victor Creed) (First appearance)Deadpool (Wade Wilson) (Only appearance) [3]Omega Red (Arkady Rossovich) (Only appearance) [3] (Apparent death)Lady Deathstrike (Yuriko Oyama) (Only appearance) [3] (Apparent death)Professor Truett Hudson (First appearance)Other Characters: Department H (First appearance)X-23 (Cameo) (First appearance)Warriors Three (First appearance)Fandral (First appearance)Hogun (First appearance)Volstagg (First appearance)Balder the Brave (First appearance)Hela (First appearance)Valkyrie (First appearance)Executioner (Skurge) (First appearance)Malekith (First appearance)Locations: Earth-8096 [4] (First appearance)Earth / Midgard (First appearance)Canada (First appearance)Weapon X Facility (First appearance)Asgard (First appearance)City of Asgard (First appearance)Castle of Loki (First appearance)Valhalla (Mentioned) (First appearance)Niflheim (First appearance)Hel (First appearance)Items: Mjolnir (First appearance)Adamantium (First appearance)Vehicles: Bifrost (First appearance)Plot Hulk vs. Wolverine The Incredible Hulk has been tearing a line across the Canadian wilderness, leaving a path of destruction in his wake. He has to be stopped, and there is only one man up to the job. He is the best at what he does, but what he does is not very nice."
},
{
"docid": "D1571390#0",
"title": "http://www.bridgehands.com/P/Puppet_Stayman.htm\n.",
"text": "Puppet Stayman - Used by responder with at least invitational values to discover whether opener's Notrump bid may consist of a 5 card major suit . In the sequence: 2N - 3C responder's 3C bid behaves similar to the Stayman convention, but promising at least a 3 card major suit and at least game invitational values. Using Puppet Stayman, responder can no longer use treatments like Garbage Stayman to show a bust hand short in Clubs since opener may jump directly to 3N with a good hand lacking major support. Note: some extend Puppet Stayman to opener's 1 Notrump ( 1N - 2C) as well. However others object to that treatment believing the often verbose bidding sequences reveal more information to defenders than the supposed benefit discovering a 5-3 major suit fit. Using Puppet over opener's 1 Notrump bid also permits defenders to Double artificial bids during the bidding, either for lead direction or possible sacrifice bids. Classic Puppet Stayman over 1 Notrump: Note: Several variations of Puppet Stayman are in use. Method 1: Over Opener's 1N or 2N bid, some play responder's 2C or 3C should be used when holding a 3 card major to find a possible 8 card fit when opener holds a 5 card major. If opener does not bid the anticipated major, responder signs off in 3N as:2N - 3C; 3D - 3N . Using this method, Responder bids 4D to show both 4 card majors:2N - 3C; 3D - 4D. Method 2 - classic treatment: Unlike Method 1 above, responder's 3N rebid promises both 4 cards majors ."
},
{
"docid": "D2106480#0",
"title": "http://www.ign.com/wikis/dark-souls/Boss_Soul_Weapons\nBoss Soul Weapons",
"text": "Dark Souls (Limited Edition)| PS3Game Highlights Wiki Guide Videos Images Walkthroughs All Articles Message Boards Boss Soul Weapons Edit Page Last Edit: September 5, 2015 - 2 years 6 months ago Boss Soul weapons are weapons which can be crafted from the souls that are dropped by some bosses throughout the game. There are multiple weapons which can be constructed from the souls (usually two). You can also consume the Boss Souls if you wish, but they are best reserved for the construction of these unique weapons - especially if you are going for the associated achievement/trophy. The Process To construct a Boss Soul weapon you must do the following. Start with the base weapon type that's specified below for the weapon you want, then upgrade it to +5 with Titanite Shards by using a blacksmith such as Blacksmith Andrei in the Undead Parish. Upgrade the weapon further to +10 using Large Titanite Shards. To do this you must first give the Large Ember (found in The Depths to Andrei or another suitable blacksmith such as the giant in Anor Londo. Ascend the weapon by using the giant blacksmith in Anor Londo, 5,000 souls and the boss souls to then create the Boss Soul Weapon. You can then upgrade this weapon further by using Demon Titanite to a total of +5. List of Boss Soul Weapons Soul Required Resulting Weapon Base Weapon Required Weapon Picture Soul of the Moonlight Butterfly Moonlight Butterfly Horn Ascend a +10 Spear type weapon with the Moonlight Butterfly's soul at the giant blacksmith in Anor Londo."
},
{
"docid": "D2855211#0",
"title": "http://kotaku.com/thor-actor-visits-kids-hospital-in-armor-1472913245\nThor Actor Visits Kid's Hospital. In Armor.",
"text": "Thor Actor Visits Kid's Hospital. In Armor. Luke Plunkett11/27/13 9:00pm Filed to: thor 163 26Jaimie Alexander plays Lady Sif in the Thor movies. She recently visited the Children's Hospital Los Angeles, but instead of going as Jaimie Alexander, she went as Lady Sif. Sword, armour, the works. OK, so maybe it's not quite as cool as having Thor himself turn up, but it's still pretty damn cool. Especially since that sword looks kinda real. Lady Sif Visits the Children's Hospital Los Angeles [Marvel, via Super Punch]"
},
{
"docid": "D293056#0",
"title": "http://archive.oreilly.com/pub/a/wireless/2003/08/08/wireless_throughput.html\n",
"text": "\"Print Subscribe to Wireless Subscribe to Newsletters When Is 54 Not Equal to 54? A Look at 802.11a, b, and g Throughputby Matthew Gast, author of 802.11 Wireless Networks: The Definitive Guide 08/08/2003 (updated: 8/14/2003)Now that the 802.11g standard has been finalized, comparisons with the other standards in the 802.11 family are inevitable. One conclusion that is frequently drawn is that 802.11g offers similar speeds to 802.11a. After all, both products are advertised as having a data rate of 54 Mbps. This article develops a simple model for the maximum TCP throughput of 802.11 networks so that a comparison can move beyond a simple comparison of nominal bit rates. According to the model, 802.11g is significantly faster than 802.11b. In a network consisting only of 802.11g clients, it is even slightly faster than 802.11a. However, \"\"protection\"\" mechanisms added to 802.11g to ensure backwards compatibility with legacy 802.11b clients can cut the throughput by 50 percent or more. Technology Transactions per second Mbps of TCP payload throughput Transactional speed relative to 802.11b11b, 11 Mbps 479 5.6 1.011a, 54 Mbps 2,336 27.3 4.911g, 54 Mbps/no protection 2,336 27.3 4.911g, 54 Mbps/CTS-to-self protection 1,113 13.0 2.311g, 54 Mbps/RTS/CTS protection 750 8.8 1.6The Transactional Model The basic transactional model assumed by this article is a maximum-length frame containing a single TCP segment followed by a TCP acknowledgement. To cope with the inherent unreliability of radio waves, the 802.11 MAC requires positive acknowledgement of every transmission."
},
{
"docid": "D570541#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-SIFS-DIFS-PIFS-and-AIFS\nWhat is the difference between SIFS, DIFS, PIFS, and AIFS?",
"text": "Ad-hoc Networks Information Technology Computer Networking Computer Science Computers What is the difference between SIFS, DIFS, PIFS, and AIFS?ad by Mule Soft Gartner 2017 i Paa S Report Learn about the i Paa S vendor landscape and see why Mule Soft is a leaders for 4 years in a row. Download at mulesoft.com1 Answer Shubham Patel, Mtech Computer Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (2019)Updated Jun 8, 2016 · Upvoted by Venkatasivaram Charan Bhamidipati, M. S Computer Engineering & Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology (2017) · Author has 129 answers and 126k answer views Let me start with the basic definition of above terminology. All of these terminology are part of Wlan 802.11 standard (wireless lan), which is a mac sub-layer work beneath Logical Link Control. DIFS is acronym for DCF Interframe spacing. It is the time delay for which sender wait after completing it’s backoff, before sending RTS package. In 802.11, generally different data have different type of priority, and the lower the priority the more delay in sending the data. Data such as background data has to wait for AIFS4, which is far more than DIFS, so that normal data can be sent earlier as compare to background data. SIFS stands for shortest Interframe spacing. It is consider as shortest among above mention networking terminology. SIFS is generally the time for which receiver wait before sending the CTS (Clear To Send) & acknowledgement package to sender, and sender waits after receiving CTS and before sending data to receiver."
},
{
"docid": "D1273893#0",
"title": "http://sugarteachers.blogspot.com/2009/03/how-to-make-pillow-cushion-cake-by-toni.html\n~ Sugar Teachers ~ Cake Decorating and Sugar Art Tutorials",
"text": "\"Home Tutorials Recipes Web Resources Suppliers Helpful Tips Great Tools You Tube Tutes Great DVDs - Books Great Cake Sites When you click on a page, scroll past this week's featured photo to view. WELCOME!This site is dedicated to sharing what we have learned with you! Enjoy our tutorials, and if you have a question please feel free to ask! I know one of our sugar enthusiasts will either know or try to find the answer. We all have something to share...and we all have something to learn!___________________________________________________________Key Lime Christmas Tree Celebrate the Holiday by Creating a Cookie Tree Centerpiece! Scroll down for tutorial!............................................................................................................................./////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////............................................................................................................................. Tuesday, March 24, 2009How to make a Pillow (Cushion) Cake by Toni Brancatisano BAKE a rectangle or square shaped cake. For this tutorial, I used my large baking dishes... large rectangles.1: once you have baked and torted your cake, begin my carving the shape of the cushion ... I like to roughly outline with a knife on the top of the cake.... a very rough guide, but it helps.... you could also use a template.. But I am not usually that organised!! ! 2: Carve the 'shape' of the cushion, tapering corners, and curving sides.... this will give the more authentic cushion shape to your cake. 3: cover one side of cushion with BC, then fondant, and flip cake over onto cake board. 4: If you wish, you can emboss the top cover of the cushion... I used the embossing mat to help lift the fondant onto the top of the cushion, and then raised the mat off the fondant once happy with the position of the fondant on the cake."
},
{
"docid": "D1988490#0",
"title": "http://disneyinfinity.wikia.com/wiki/Captain_America\nCaptain America",
"text": "\"Steven Grant Rogers Character information Name Steven Grant Rogers Alias Captain America Franchise Marvel Comics Sex Male Species Human Friends Black Widow Falcon Hawkeye Hulk Iron Man Nick Fury Nova Rocket Raccoon Spider-Man Thor Enemies Frost Giant Loki M. O. D. O. K. Occupation Superhero Residence New York Voice Actor Roger Craig Smith [1]\"\" The forces of evil don't stand a chance against you and me! \"\" - Captain America, when placed on the Disney Infinity Base, shared with Captain America - The First Avenger Not to be confused with: Captain America - The First Avenger Captain America is one of the protagonists in Marvel's The Avengers. He appears as a playable character for Disney Infinity: 2.0 Edition. Captain America was released at launch. He has a Game Stop -exclusive collector's edition, which released on May 9, 2015. [ 2]Contents [ show]Abilities Captain America is armed with his Vibranium Shield which can be thrown as his ranged attack. He also uses it in his melee attack, where he hit his opponents with that and his fists. He can be upgraded to have a Super Jump . Skill Tree Captain America's Skill Tree is, like all the other playable characters', divided into branches that improve different abilities. Following is a list of all the upgrades in the four different branches in Captain America's Skill Tree, plus the 2 Respenders."
},
{
"docid": "D2348892#0",
"title": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Norse_gods_and_goddesses\nList of Germanic deities",
"text": "\"List of Germanic deities From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from List of Norse gods and goddesses)navigation search This is a list of Germanic deities that are in Norse mythology. Divided between the Æsir and the Vanir, and sometimes including the jötnar (giants), the dividing line between these groups is less than clear. However, it is usually accepted that the Æsir (including Óðinn, Þór and Týr) were warrior gods, while the Vanir (mainly Njörður, Freyja and Freyr) were fertility gods. Various other groups of beings, including elves, dwarves and jötnar were probably minor gods, and might have had small cults and sacred places devoted to them. Gods [ change | change source]Name Name meaning Attested consorts and sexual partners Attested children Attestations Baldr ( Old Norse ), Bældæg ( Old English) shining day. [ 1] Nanna Forseti Merseburg Incantation, Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Gesta Danorum, Chronicon Lethrense, Annales Lundenses, possibly Beowulf Bragi (Old Norse) Connected with Bragr (\"\"poetry\"\") [2]Iðunn None attested Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, skaldic poetry Dellingr (Old Norse) Possibly \"\"the dayspring\"\" [3] or \"\"shining one\"\" [4]Nótt Dagr Poetic Edda, Prose Edda Forseti (Old Norse) \"\"Chairman\"\" [5] None attested None attested Poetic Edda, Prose Edda Freyr (Old Norse), Frea (Old English), Yngvi (Old Norse), Ing (Old English) \"\"lord\"\" [6] Freyja, Gerðr Fjölnir ( Heimskringla) Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum, Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Heimskringla, Ögmundar þáttr dytts, Gesta Danorum, various others Heimdallr (Old Norse) \"\"World-brightener\"\" [7] None attested None attested Prose Edda, Poetic Edda Hermóðr (Old Norse), Heremod (Old English) \"\"War-spirit\"\" [8] None attested Sceaf ( Old English only) Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Beowulf, Old English royal genealogies Höðr (Old Norse) \"\"Warrior\"\" [9] None attested None attested Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Gesta Danorum, Chronicon Lethrense, Annales Lundenses, possibly Beowulf Hœnir (Old Norse)Contested None attested None attested Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, skaldic poetry Lóðurr (Old Norse) Contested None attested None attested Poetic Edda, skaldic poetry Loki (Old Norse)Contested Sigyn, Angrboda Nari/Narfi, Váli, Fenrir, Hel, Jormungandr, and Sleipnir Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Heimskringla, Loka Táttur, Norwegian rune poem, Danish folk tales Máni (Old Norse) \"\"Moon\"\" None attested None attested Poetic Edda, Prose Edda Mímir (Old Norse) \"\"Rememberer\"\"None attested Sons, unnamed Poetic Edda, Prose Edda Meili (Old Norse) \"\"lovely one\"\" [10] None attested None attested Poetic Edda, Prose Edda Njörðr (Old Norse)Contested Once unnamed sister, once Skaði Freyr, Freyja Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Heimskringla, Egils saga, Hauksbók ring oath, place names Odin: Óðinn (North Germanic), Wōden (West Germanic), * Wōdanaz ( Proto-Germanic) (see List of names of Odin for more) \"\"Frenzy\"\" [11]Frigg (consort), Skaði ( Heimskringla only), Gunnlöð, Jörð, Rindr See Sons of Odin Most attestations of Germanic paganismÓðr (Old Norse) \"\"frenzied one\"\" [12] Freyja Hnoss, Gersemi Poetic Edda, Prose Edda Saxnōt ( Old Saxon ), Seaxnet, Seaxnēat, Saxnat (Old English)Contested None attested None attested Old Saxon Baptismal Vow, Old English royal genealogies Thor: Þórr (North Germanic), Þunor (Old English), Thunaer (Old Saxon), Donar (Southern Germanic areas) \"\" Thunder \"\" [13] Sif (consort), Járnsaxa Móði and Magni, Þrúðr Most attestations of Germanic paganism Týr (Old Norse), Tīw, Tīg (both Old English), Ziu (Old High German) \"\"god\"\", derived from Proto-Germanic *Tīwaz [14]Unnamed, possibly Zisa Seaxnot Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, skaldic poetry, Hadrian's Wall altar Ullr (Old Norse) \"\"Glory\"\" [15] None attested None attested Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, skaldic poetry, Gesta Danorum, Thorsberg chape, toponyms in Norway and Sweden Váli (Old Norse) \"\"Chosen\"\"None attested None attested Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Gesta Danorum (as Bous)Viðarr (Old Norse) \"\"wide ruler\"\" [16] None attested None attested Poetic Edda, Prose Edda Vé (Old Norse) Vé [17] Possibly Frigg None attested Poetic Edda, Prose Edda Vili (Old Norse) \"\" Will \"\" [18] Possibly Frigg None attested Poetic Edda, Prose Edda Goddesses [ change | change source]Name Name meaning Attested consorts and sexual partners Attested children Attestations Baduhenna (Latinized Germanic) Battle None attested None attested Tacitus' Annals Bil (Old Norse) Contested None attested None attested Prose Edda Beyla (Old Norse) \"\"cow,\"\" \"\"bean,\"\" or \"\"bee.\"\" [ 19] Byggvir None attested Poetic Edda Eir (Old Norse) \"\"Peace, clemency\"\" [20] or \"\"help, mercy\"\" [21] None attested None attested Poetic Edda, Prose EddaĒostre (Old English) \"\"East\"\" [22] None attested None attested De temporum ratione Freyja (Old Norse) (See List of names of Freyja for more) \"\"Lady\"\" [23] Freyr, Óðr Hnoss, Gersemi Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Heimskringla, Sörla þáttr Frigg (Old Norse) Derived from an Indo-European root meaning \"\"Love\"\" [24]Odin (consort), Vili, VéBaldr Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Gesta Danorum, Historia Langobardorum Fulla (Old Norse) Possibly \"\"bountiful\"\" [25] None attested None attested Merseburg Incantations, Prose Edda Gefjun (Old Norse) Related to \"\"giving\"\" [26] Skjöldr, unnamed jötunn Four oxen Prose Edda, Ynglinga saga, Völsa þáttr,Gersemi (Old Norse) \"\"Treasure, precious object\"\" [27] None attested None attested Heimskringla Gerðr (Old Norse) \"\"Fenced in\"\" [28] Freyr Fjölnir ( Heimskringla) Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Heimskringla Gná (Old Norse) Possibly related to Old Norse Gnæfa, meaning \"\"to project\"\" [29] None attested None attested Prose Edda Gullveig (Old Norse) Contested None attested None attested Poetic Edda Hariasa Possibly related to the valkyrie name Herja or meaning \"\"goddess with lots of hair\"\" [30]None attested None attested Stone from Cologne, Germany ( CIL XIII 8185)Hlín (Old Norse) Possibly related to the Old Norse term hleinir, itself possibly meaning \"\"protects\"\" [31]None attested None attested Poetic Edda, Prose Edda Hretha (Old English) Possibly \"\"the famous\"\" or \"\"the victorious\"\" [32] None attested None attested De temporum ratione Hnoss (Old Norse) \"\"Treasure\"\" [31] None attested None attested Prose Edda Ilmr (Old Norse) Potentially related to Old Norse ilmr, a masculine noun meaning \"\"pleasant scent\"\" [33]None attested None attested Prose Edda, skaldic poetry Iðunn (Old Norse) Possibly \"\"ever young\"\" [34] Bragi None attested Poetic Edda, Prose Edda Irpa (Old Norse) Possibly relating to \"\"dark brown\"\" [35] None attested None attested Jómsvíkinga saga, Njáls saga Lofn (Old Norse) Potentially related to \"\"Praise\"\" [36] None attested None attested Prose Edda Nanna (Old Norse) Possibly \"\"mother\"\" from nanna, or potentially related to nanþ-, meaning \"\"the daring one\"\" [37]Baldr Forseti Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Gesta Danorum, Chronicon Lethrense, Setre Comb Nerthus (Latinized Germanic, from Proto-Germanic *Nerthuz) Latinized form of what Old Norse Njörðr would have looked like around 1 CE. [ 38]None attested None attested Germania Njörun (Old Norse) Possibly related to the Norse god Njörðr and the Roman goddess Nerio [39]None attested None attested Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, skaldic poetry Rán (Old Norse) \"\"Theft, robbery\"\" [40] Ægir Nine daughters Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Friðþjófs saga hins frœkna Rindr (Old Norse) Possibly related to *Vrindr [41]Odin Váli Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, Gesta Danorum Sága (Old Norse) Possibly \"\"to see\"\" [42] None attested None attested Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, skaldic poetry Sandraudiga (Latinized Germanic) \"\"She who dyes the sand red.\"\" [ 43] None attested None attested North Brabant stone Sif (Old Norse) \"\"In-law-relationship\"\" [44] Thor Þrúðr, Ullr Poetic Edda, Prose Edda Sigyn (Old Norse) \"\"Victorious girl-friend\"\" [45] Loki Nari, Narfi and/or Váli Poetic Edda, Prose Edda Sinthgunt (Old High German)Contested None attested None attested Merseburg Incantations Sjöfn (Old Norse) \"\"Love\"\" [46] None attested None attested Prose Edda Skaði (Old Norse) Possibly related to Scandia. [ 47] Ullr, Odin, once Njörðr."
},
{
"docid": "D1906049#0",
"title": "http://www.wcb.ny.gov/content/main/Employers/getInsurance.jsp\nWorkers' Compensation Coverage",
"text": "\"Workers' Compensation Coverage Obtaining Workers' Compensation Insurance Coverage What Does Workers' Comp Insurance Buy? Ways to Obtain Insurance Private Insurance State Insurance Fund ( SIF)Safety Group Plans Self-Insurance and Group Self-Insurance Getting the Right Coverage Coverage Search Application What Does Workers' Compensation Insurance Buy? When purchasing workers' compensation insurance, an employer is buying the following protections: Medical services needed to treat the job injury or illness Temporary disability payments to the employee to help replace lost wages Permanent disability payments to the employee to compensate for permanent effects of the injury A death benefit for the employee's survivors in the event of a fatal injury Legal representation for the employer by the insurance carrier Protection for the employer against most lawsuits for on-the-job injuries/illnesses The employer must pay for the cost of insurance coverage; it is illegal to require employees to pay any of the costs associated with workers' compensation premiums or injuries. Ways to Obtain Workers' Compensation Insurance Employers may obtain workers' compensation insurance coverage in the following manner:purchasing a workers' compensation insurance policy from one of the more than 200 private insurance carriers authorized by the New York State Insurance Department to provide workers' compensation insurance to employers and are currently writing such insurance. ( It may be appropriate to check the yellow pages, contact your insurance broker, carrier or agent, check with your trade association, or conduct additional research to find the most appropriate insurance coverage for your company. ); purchasing a workers' compensation insurance policy from the State Insurance Fund, a public insurance carrier in New York State by calling 1-888-875-5790.;becoming authorized by the Board to be self-insured for workers' compensation, typically reserved for larger employers who can demonstrate the financial strength to self-insure; orbecoming a member of a group self-insurer authorized by the Board. Your firm's Federal Employer Tax Identification Number (FEIN) is the Workers' Compensation Board's primary identification for your business. Please note that each business that is a legal entity (i.e. Sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, etc.) has its own, unique FEIN assigned to it. Sole proprietors may report their Social Security Number or obtain a FEIN for reporting purposes If you need a FEIN, you can download an application (Form SS4) or apply on-line at the I. R. S. website."
},
{
"docid": "D1427307#0",
"title": "https://www.croydon.gov.uk/education/schools-new/school-admissions/how-to-apply/faqs/sa-faqs\nGeneral information and FAQs",
"text": "School admissions FAQs Confidentiality and preferences Waiting lists and late applications Pupils with Special Educational Needs Neighbouring education authorities When can my child start primary school Frequently asked questions When should I be applying for a Primary/Secondary school place for my child? What if my child is already in the nursery class at my chosen school? When should I apply for a junior school place if my child is attending an infant school? What other forms will I need to complete besides the online application form? Applications for twins, triplets, etc. Can I express a preference for a school? How are parental preferences used? My child already has a brother or sister (sibling) in our chosen school. Will my child get priority if they have a older brother or sister already attending the school? What if there is a medical reason for applying to a certain school for my child?"
}
] |
8360 | who are the taliban | [
{
"docid": "D2098704#0",
"title": "http://www.cfr.org/afghanistan/taliban-afghanistan/p10551\nThe Taliban in Afghanistan",
"text": "\"The Taliban in Afghanistan Policemen gather around a shopping mall after a Taliban attack in January 2010. ( Omar Sobhani/Reuters)Though toppled from power in 2001, the Taliban regrouped to resist the U. S.-led occupation of Afghanistan. As international forces draw down, the insurgency remains resilient. Backgrounder by Zachary Laub Last updated July 4, 2014Introduction The Taliban is a predominantly Pashtun, Islamic fundamentalist group that ruled Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001, when a U. S.-led invasion toppled the regime for providing refuge to al-Qaeda and Osama bin Laden. The Taliban regrouped across the border in Pakistan, where its central leadership, headed by Mullah Mohammed Omar, leads an insurgency against the Western-backed government in Kabul. Both the United States and Afghanistan have pursued a negotiated settlement with the Taliban, but talks have little momentum as international forces prepare to conclude combat operations in December 2014 and withdraw by the end of 2016. Rise of the Taliban The Taliban was formed in the early 1990s by an Afghan faction of mujahideen, Islamic fighters who had resisted the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan (1979–89) with the covert backing of the U. S. Central Intelligence Agency and its Pakistani counterpart, the Inter-Services Intelligence directorate (ISI). They were joined by younger Pashtun tribesmen who studied in Pakistani madrassas, or seminaries; taliban is Pashto for \"\"students.\"\" Pashtuns comprise a plurality in Afghanistan and are the predominant ethnic group in much of the country’s south and east. Taliban militiamen drive toward the front line near Kabul in November 1997. ("
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2646027#0",
"title": "http://www.understandingwar.org/tajikistan-and-afghanistan\nOverview",
"text": "Overview | Political Interests | Economic Interests Top Overview Top As coalition supply routes diversify, Tajikistan’s importance to the Afghanistan theater is only likely to rise. Afghanistan and Tajikistan have fostered a close relationship since the fall of the Taliban in 2001. The two countries share deep cultural ties and mutual security and economic interests. While Afghanistan is trying to expand trade with its northern neighbor for economic gains, Tajikistan favors a stable Afghanistan to tackle cross-border drug trafficking and terrorist activities threatening Dushanbe. Terrain Tajikistan sits on Afghanistan’s northeastern border, lying adjacent to the Afghan provinces of Badakhshan, Takhar, Kunduz, and Balkh. The 749-mile (1206-km) border largely follows the course of the Amu Darya and Panj Rivers. Much of Tajikistan’s southeastern border with Afghanistan lies in the Pamir Mountain range—the junction of the Hindu Kush and the Karakoram Mountains and home to some of the highest peaks in the world. Demographics The Tajiks are an ethnic group that speak a dialect of Persian (Dari) and live in an area extending from western China to Iran . The population of Tajikistan is approximately 7.3 million. Tajiks are the largest ethnic group in Tajikistan, comprising nearly 80 percent of the population."
},
{
"docid": "D2040422#0",
"title": "http://www.cnn.com/2012/10/17/world/asia/pakistan-taliban-profile/index.html\nWho are the Pakistani Taliban?",
"text": "\"Who are the Pakistani Taliban? By Ben Brumfield, CNNUpdated 12:22 PM ET, Wed October 17, 2012JUST WATCHEDA history of the Pakistani Taliban Replay MUST WATCHA history of the Pakistani Taliban 02:32Story highlights Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan are not the Afghan Taliban Its goal is to bring down the Pakistani government The TTP claimed responsibility for the attempted Times Square bombing While its recent attack on a 14-year-old girl in Pakistan brought international outrage, the Pakistani Taliban take credit for a long list of assaults on civilians and the military in the country's mostly ungoverned tribal area along the Afghan border. The banned Islamist group, which has intimate links to the Afghan Taliban and al Qaeda, unabashedly confirmed it tried to kill teen activist Malala Yousufzai as she rode home from school in a van October 9. But before that, the group, formally known as Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), took the global spotlight when Faisal Shahzad, a Pakistani-American, attempted to detonate a car bomb in New York's Times Square in May 2010. The TTP took responsibility, and Shahzad testified that he had received training from them. The following September, the U. S. State Department designated the TTP a Foreign Terrorist Organization. Are they \"\"the Taliban? \"\" JUST WATCHEDMalala's recovery after Taliban attack Replay More Videos ... Malala's recovery after Taliban attack 05:25JUST WATCHEDMalala's friend: No regrets Replay More Videos ... Malala's friend: No regrets02:42They are not \"\"the Taliban\"\" that the U. S. forces have been at war with in Afghanistan, according to a Pakistani analyst. But that they adopted the name \"\"Taliban\"\" is no coincidence. Formally known as Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, the group is very closely linked with its namesake in Afghanistan as well as with al Qaeda."
},
{
"docid": "D2013733#0",
"title": "http://www.dw.com/en/why-malala-deserves-the-nobel-peace-prize/a-17986245\nWhy Malala deserves the Nobel Peace Prize",
"text": "\"Malala was shot by militants in October 2012 in the Swat Valley of Pakistan's restive Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Taliban militants claimed responsibility for the attack and said in a statement that Malala had been attacked for promoting \"\"secularism\"\" in the country. After receiving initial medical treatment in Pakistan, Malala was flown to the United Kingdom where she is presently residing with her family. Before being shot, the teenager had been campaigning for girls' right to education in Swat and was a vocal critic of Islamic extremists. She was praised internationally for writing about the Taliban atrocities in a BBC Urdu service blog. Malala has come a long way since then. She has now become an international icon of resistance, women's empowerment and right to education, and has received numerous awards, including the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize and the European Union's prestigious Sakharov Prize. Furthermore, the teenager co-founded the Malala Fund - a New York-based nonprofit that aims to improve girls' access to education - in 2013. Malala has now become an international icon of resistance, women's empowerment and right to education Symbol of resistance There are many people in Pakistan for whom Malala's name has become synonymous with the fight against extremism and the Taliban. \"\" Malala is no more simply the name of an individual; her name symbolizes the movement for girls' education in Pakistan,\"\" Mahnaz Rahman, a veteran rights activist and resident director of the women's rights organization Aurat Foundation, told DW."
},
{
"docid": "D2394516#0",
"title": "http://khaledhosseini.com/books/a-thousand-splendid-suns/q-a/\n.",
"text": "A Thousand Splendid Suns Q & ASynopsis Praise Discussion Questions Other Editions A conversation with Khaled Hosseini, author of A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS1. The Kite Runner helped alter the world’s perception of Afghanistan, by giving millions of readers their first real sense of what the Afghan people and their daily lives are actually like. Your new novel includes the main events in Afghanistan’s history over the past three decades, from the communist revolution to the Soviet invasion to the U. S.-led war against the Taliban. Do you feel a special responsibility to inform the world about your native country, especially given the current situation there and the prominent platform you’ve gained? For me as a writer, the story has always taken precedence over everything else. I have never sat down to write with broad, sweeping ideas in mind, and certainly never with a specific agenda. It is quite a burden for a writer to feel a responsibility to represent his or her own culture and to educate others about it. For me it always starts from a very personal, intimate place, about human connections, and then expands from there. What intrigued me about this new book were the hopes and dreams and disillusions of these two women, their inner lives, the specific circumstances that bring them together, their resolve to survive, and the fact that their relationship evolves into something meaningful and powerful, even as the world around them unravels and slips into chaos. But as I wrote, I witnessed the story expanding, becoming more ambitious page after page."
},
{
"docid": "D3244359#0",
"title": "http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-30773120\nPeshawar attack: Schools reopen after Taliban massacre",
"text": "\"Jump media player Media player help Out of media player. Press enter to return or tab to continue. Returning students were greeted by Pakistan Army Chief General Raheel Sharif PAKISTAN MASSACREPakistan's elite female fighting force Pakistani star's song for unity after school attack Pakistan's 'weaponised' teaching The boy who died and the boy who got away Pupils and teachers have returned for the first time to the school in the Pakistani city of Peshawar where more than 150 people were killed last month. A ceremony was held to remember the victims of the Taliban attack on 16 December. Schools across Pakistan are re-opening after an extended break prompted by the massacre. US Secretary of State John Kerry arrived in the country on Monday to discuss the campaign against extremism. He is meeting Pakistan's Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif to make the case for a more robust effort against all militant groups. The Pakistani government has made changes after the attack last month - it has scrapped a moratorium on executions and has moved to establish military courts to try terrorism cases. But US officials travelling with Mr Kerry have said they want to ensure there is a \"\"real and sustained effort\"\" against militants threatening not just Pakistan but also Afghanistan and India. Jump media player Media player help Out of media player."
},
{
"docid": "D2493096#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swat,_Pakistan\nSwat District",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Swat, Pakistan)navigation search [ hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages)This article is written like a travel guide rather than an encyclopedic description of the subject. ( January 2018)This article possibly contains original research. ( January 2018)Swat سوات District The Swat River flows through the Swat District Nickname (s): Switzerland of the East [1]– Swat – Pakhtukhwa – other provinces of Pakistan Coordinates: 35°23′N 72°11′ECoordinates: 35°23′N 72°11′ECountry Pakistan Province Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Area• Total 5,337 km 2 (2,061 sq mi)Population (2017) [2]• Total 2,309,570• Density 430/km 2 (1,100/sq mi)Time zone PKT ( UTC+5)Area code (s) Area code 0946Languages (1981) 90.28% Pashto 8.67% Kohistani [3]Swāt ( Pashto, Urdu: سوات pronounced [ˈswaːt̪]) [1] is a valley and an administrative district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Centred upon the upper portions of the Swat River, Swat was a major centre of early Buddhist thought as part of the Gandhara kingdom, and today is littered with ruins from that era. Swat was home to the last isolated pockets of Gandharan Buddhism, which lasted until the 11th century, well after most of the area had converted to Islam. [ 4] Until 1969, Swat was part of the Yusafzai State of Swat - a self-governing princely state. The region was seized by the Pakistani Taliban in late 2007, [5] and its tourist industry decimated until Pakistani control over Swat was re-established in mid 2009. [ 6]Swat's capital is Saidu Sharif, though the largest city, and main commercial centre, is the nearby city of Mingora. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1291678#0",
"title": "http://www.cnn.com/2013/02/08/world/europe/malala-hospital-release/index.html\nMalala, Pakistani teen shot by Taliban, leaves hospital after stunning recovery",
"text": "\"Malala, Pakistani teen shot by Taliban, leaves hospital after stunning recovery By Richard Greene and Ashley Fantz, CNNUpdated 6:27 PM ET, Fri February 8, 2013JUST WATCHEDThe schoolgirl who took on the Taliban Replay MUST WATCHThe schoolgirl who took on the Taliban 02:26Story highlights15-year-old Pakistani advocate for girls' education rights leaves British hospital Taliban gunmen shot Malala Yousufzai in the head and neck on October 9She can speak and walk, and will now undergo rehabilitation, doctors say After her shooting, the Taliban vowed that if she survived, they would come after her again In a stunning story of survival and recovery, the Pakistani teenager whom Taliban gunman shot in the head in October has been released from a hospital. Malala Yousufzai left Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham, England, on Friday. In the past two weeks, the girl famous for advocating that girls in Pakistan be educated -- which stoked the ire of her attackers -- proved her incredible strength by enduring two operations to repair her skull and restore her hearing. READ: Malala's journey from near death to recovery The gunfire caused swelling in Malala's skull and a break in the delicate bones that help turn sound into sensory impulses to her brain. \"\" God has given me this new life,\"\" she recently said, speaking for the first time on camera since the shooting. \"\" I want to serve the people. I want every girl, every child, to be educated. \"\" Though the gunshots to her neck and head made many doubt that she would walk again, Malala continued to improve over the past several months. JUST WATCHEDHospital scans show Malala head injury Replay More Videos ... Hospital scans show Malala head injury 02:14JUST WATCHEDMalala: 'God has given me this new life'Replay More Videos ... Malala: 'God has given me this new life' 03:11JUST WATCHEDMalala thanks supporters Replay More Videos ... Malala thanks supporters00:52\"\"I can walk a little bit and I'm feeling better,\"\" the 15-year-old said on February 6. At that time, she said she hoped to be fully recovered in a month."
},
{
"docid": "D3358749#0",
"title": "http://www.newsweek.com/2016/06/10/mohammad-gulab-marcus-luttrell-navy-seal-lone-survivor-operation-red-wings-458139.html\nMarcus Luttrellâs Savior, Mohammad Gulab, Claims âLone Survivorâ Got It Wrong",
"text": "In the Magazine U. S. Marcus Luttrell’s Savior, Mohammad Gulab, Claims ‘Lone Survivor’ Got It Wrong By R. M. Schneiderman On 5/11/16 at 6:11 AMA photo of former Navy SEAL Marcus Luttrell dressed in traditional Afghan attire during his stay in the village of Sabray during the summer of 2005. For days, Mohammad Gulab and his fellow villagers protected him from a Taliban-linked militia in northeastern Afghanistan. Luttrell went on to write the best-selling memoir, Lone Survivor. Gulab Family Share U. S. Navy Seals Taliban They tried to kill him in the morning. They tried to kill him at night. They tried as he bumped over the road in a silver sedan, killing his nephew with a bullet to the brain. They tried with a sniper. They tried with a bomb. They tried with a grenade outside his daughter’s bedroom, the blast hurling shrapnel into her leg. In a rural valley, along a desolate trail, in the doorway of his modest home—in all these places the Taliban tried to kill Mohammad Gulab."
},
{
"docid": "D2835525#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._invasion_of_Afghanistan\nUnited States invasion of Afghanistan",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from U. S. invasion of Afghanistan)navigation search\"\"Afghanistan invasion\"\" redirects here. For other invasions of Afghanistan, see Invasions of Afghanistan. U. S. Invasion of Afghanistan Part of War in Afghanistan Date October 7, 2001 – December 17, 2001Location Afghanistan Result United States-led victory/ongoing Fall of the Taliban government Formation of the Afghan Interim Administration Formation of International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)End of the 1996-2001 phase of the Afghan Civil War Start of the Taliban insurgency Belligerents United States United Kingdom Canada Australia Germany Northern Alliance Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan Al-Qaeda055 Brigade Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan East Turkistan Islamic Party Tanzeem-e-Nifaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi [1]Commanders and leaders George W. Bush Tony Blair Jean Chrétien John Howard Gerhard Schröder Burhanuddin Rabbani Mohammed Omar Osama bin Laden Hasan Mahsum Sufi Muhammad [ show]v t e War in Afghanistan (1978–present) [ show]v t e War in Afghanistan (2001–present)The United States invasion of Afghanistan occurred after the September 11 attacks in late 2001, [2] supported by close allies. The conflict is also known as the U. S. war in Afghanistan. [ 3] Its public aims were to dismantle al-Qaeda, and to deny it a safe base of operations in Afghanistan by removing the Taliban from power. [ 4] The United Kingdom was a key ally of the United States, offering support for military action from the start of preparations for the invasion. It followed the Afghan Civil War's 1996–2001 phase between the Taliban and the Northern Alliance groups, although the Taliban controlled 90% of the country by 2001. U. S. President George W. Bush demanded that the Taliban hand over Osama bin Laden and expel al-Qaeda; bin Laden had already been wanted by the FBI since 1998. The Taliban declined to extradite him unless given what they deemed convincing evidence of his involvement in the 9/11 attacks [5] and ignored demands to shut down terrorist bases and hand over other terrorist suspects apart from bin Laden. The request was dismissed by the U. S. as a meaningless delaying tactic and it launched Operation Enduring Freedom on 7 October 2001 with the United Kingdom."
},
{
"docid": "D1521630#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie_Doran\nJamie Doran",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For the rugby league player, see Jamie Doran (rugby league). Not to be confused with Jamie Dornan. Jamie Doran Doran at the 34th Annual News and Documentary Emmy Awards Born Glasgow, Scotland Occupation Documentary maker, writer Nationality British, Irish Genre Current affairs, conflict, human rights Subject Warfare, human rights, sport, science fiction culture, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Russia, Chile, Romania Notable awards Worldfest Gold Special Jury Award 3x 2017 New York Film Festival awards for \"\"ISIL and the Taliban\"\" (ISIS in Afghanistan) [1]4x EMMY Awards: Best Report in a News Magazine and Outstanding Continuing Coverage of a News Story in a News Magazine [2] for \"\"ISIS in Afghanistan,” (2016) for “Opium Brides” [3] in the 2013 Outstanding Investigative Journalism in a News Magazine category and for “Battle for Syria” [3] in the Outstanding Coverage of a Breaking News Story in a News Magazine category Peabody Award for “ISIS in Afghanistan” [4]Overseas Press Club of America Award for “Opium Brides” [5] (2012) 2 x du Pont Colombia Award for “Opium Brides,” (2013) and “Behind Enemy Lines” [6] (2011) “Pakistan’s Hidden Shame” [7] and “Opium Brides” [8] selected for the United Nations Association Film Festival (2012) Worldfest Platinum Remi for “Pakistan’s Open Secret” [9] (2012)Amnesty International UK Media Award for “The Dancing Boys of Afghanistan” (2011)Websitewww .clover-films .com Jamie Doran is an Irish/Scottish independent documentary filmmaker and former BBC producer. [ 10] He founded the multi award-winning company Clover Films in 2008. He is also the Club President of Datchet Village FC, which he founded in 1986. Doran’s films are shown worldwide and on flagship series such as BBC Panorama, [11] Channel 4 Dispatches, [12] Channel 4 True Stories, [13] PBS FRONTLINE, [14] Al Jazeera, [15] ABC Four Corners, [16] Japan's NHK, Germany's ZDF [17] and NDR/ARD and Denmark's DR to name a few. Doran’s documentaries are known for shedding light on taboo subjects. The 2017 film, 'The Boy Who Started the Syrian War' exposes viewers to the true origins of the Syrian War; a childish prank of anti-Assad graffiti sprayed on a school wall by a group of young boys. Globally the film has had over 100 million views. In 2016, 'ISIS in Afghanistan' won two Emmy awards in the 'Outstanding Continuing Coverage of a News Story in a News Magazine' and the 'Best Report in a News Magazine' categories, [18] a Peabody, [19] and three awards at the New York Film Festival."
},
{
"docid": "D3436273#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081124104033AARy6qG\nHow did the afghanistan war start?",
"text": "Politics & Government Military How did the afghanistan war start? My boyfriend is in the army and is in the afghanistan war as we speak but how did it even start? I wanna know how because i dont want to sound like i have no idea whats happening out there. I just want to know what he does and everything and also im doing a project on it. please help! And also what are the taliban?... show more1 following 7 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: The Afghanistan War is a direct result of the September 11, 2001 attacks. The attacks were caused by Al Qaeda terrorists, who were based in Afghanistan. The Taliban is a radical Islamic group and was the ruling government of Afghanistan at the time. The Taliban refused to allow the US and our allies into Afghanistan to capture or kill the Al Qaeda terrorists, so we declared war on them."
},
{
"docid": "D2599545#0",
"title": "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-the-taliban.htm\nWhat is the Taliban?",
"text": "The Taliban or Taleban is a Sunni Muslim movement dominated by people with Pashtun ethnic identity which controlled Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001. Although the displacement of the group from government in 2001 greatly destabilized the organization, it still has active members, including people from other parts of the world who traveled to Afghanistan to support its work. During the Taliban's years of control over Afghanistan, most governments around the world did not recognize it as a legitimate government, due to concerns about human rights violations. The name comes from Arabic word talib, which means “student.” The organization was founded by Mullah Mohammed Omar, an extremely enigmatic individual who went into hiding in 2001 after the organization's fall from power. Members of the Taliban were originally religious students who developed a very conservative interpretation of Islam and the Sharia, or Islamic law. During Afghanistan's long and bitter civil war, members of the group began a slow rise to power, and ultimately took control of most of Afghanistan, promising to put a stop to infighting between various bands of mujahideen, or groups of soldiers led by warlords, to make the country a safer place. Initially, the Taliban's rise to power was actually greeted with excitement by many Afghans. The group asserted that it would restore Muslim values to Afghanistan, garnering support from many Muslim nations, and it pledged to put a stop to violence. However, the regime quickly turned sour."
},
{
"docid": "D3466067#0",
"title": "http://www.cnn.com/2012/10/25/world/europe/uk-pakistan-teen-activist/index.html\nMalala's parents arrive in Britain",
"text": "\"Malala's parents arrive in Britain By Laura Smith-Spark, CNNUpdated 5:08 PM ET, Sun October 28, 2012JUST WATCHEDMalala's emotional family reunion in UKReplay MUST WATCHMalala's emotional family reunion in UK 01:52Story highlights Plane carrying Malala's parents lands in Birmingham, England\"\"It is essential that I be with my daughter during her recovery,\"\" says her father Malala asked that her school books be brought to her, Interior Minister Malik says On October 9, the Taliban shot the teen activist who had demanded education for girls The parents of Pakistani teen activist Malala Yousafzai arrived Thursday in Britain to reunite with their daughter, who has become an international symbol of courage after being shot by the Taliban for demanding education for girls. The 15-year-old, who at times has been unconscious, is being treated in a Birmingham hospital for a gunshot wound to the head. Her father, Ziauddin Yousafzai, has been a central influence for Malala. He ran a school in Pakistan's conservative Swat Valley that kept its doors open to girls -- in defiance of the Taliban. Her parents' arrival on Thursday came 10 days after Malala was flown to Britain. Arrests made in shooting of Pakistani schoolgirl Malala has been unable to speak because a tube has been inserted into her trachea to protect her airway, which was swollen after her injury. JUST WATCHEDMalala's story Replay More Videos ... Malala's story 03:35Photos: Photos: Supporters rally behind Malala Photos: Photos: Supporters rally behind Malala Supporters rally behind Malala – Veiled Pakistani women participate in Sunday's rally. Hide Caption 18 of 35Photos: Photos: Supporters rally behind Malala Supporters rally behind Malala – Supporters of a Pakistani political party, Muttahida Quami Movement, gather during a protest procession for Malala in Karachi, Pakistan. Hide Caption 19 of 35Photos: Photos: Supporters rally behind Malala Supporters rally behind Malala – Pakistani leaders of the movement sit in front of a poster of Malala at a procession in Karachi. Hide Caption 20 of 35Photos: Photos: Supporters rally behind Malala Supporters rally behind Malala – A Pakistani youth places an oil lamp next to a photograph of teen activist Malala Yousufzai on Friday, October 12, 2012, in Karachi, Pakistan."
},
{
"docid": "D1535178#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/15925525/the-taliban-flash-cards/\nThe Taliban",
"text": "15 terms catgirl6230The Taliban Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Who was Osama Bin Laden? Head of Islamic terrorist group, Al Qaeda, who was responsible for the 9/11 attacks, and died on May 2nd 2011. Why was the United States searching for Osama Bin Laden? Because he led the attack on 9/11 in the U. S. Why did the United States send troops into Afghanistan in 2001? It was in response to the terrorist attacks on the US on september 11th 2001. Who are the Taliban? The Taliban is a radical fundamentalist group of the mujahideen; many were war refugees as well as war veterans supported by Pakistani and Saudi Arabian fundamentalists. How did the Taliban take control of Afghanistan?"
},
{
"docid": "D192452#0",
"title": "http://www.latimes.com/world/afghanistan-pakistan/la-fg-bergdahl-captivity-20140615-story.html\nBowe Bergdahl's captors: Who, where and why?",
"text": "\"An image from video released in 2010 shows U. S. soldier Bowe Bergdahl, who said in part that the war in Afghanistan was not worth the number of lives lost. ( Site Intelligence Group, Associated Press)David Zucchino, David S. Cloud and Shashank Bengali Contact Reporters The Taliban fighters who captured Bowe Bergdahl quickly handed him to a far more dangerous group The armed Taliban fighters who captured Bowe Bergdahl in southeastern Afghanistan on June 30, 2009, quickly handed him to a far more dangerous group that shuttled him between hide-outs in Pakistan's rugged tribal belt for the next five years. For much of that time, CIA drones trolled the skies overhead, searching for signs of the missing U. S. soldier. Until late last year, the drones fired missiles that killed hundreds of fighters and at least one senior leader of the militant group, known as the Haqqani network. A five-month halt in the CIA drone strikes this year coincided with intensifying efforts to get Bergdahl out. His return on May 31 has freed the CIA to resume the attacks, and on Wednesday and Thursday, drones hit targets in the tribal area known as North Waziristan, where the Haqqani group is based, killing 16 militants. U. S. officials believe the Haqqani network ultimately agreed to release Bergdahl in an exchange for five Taliban detainees from the U. S. military prison at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, in part because one of the five was Mohammad Nabi Omari, a relatively low-ranking Taliban official but a Haqqani associate. The story of Bergdahl's captivity, and the hunt for him, is far more complex than has emerged to date. The new details raise questions about how much U. S. intelligence agencies knew of his location when they were firing drones, whether rescue attempts were ever possible, and whether Pakistan's intelligence agency, which U. S. officials say has close ties to the Haqqani group, helped or hindered his ultimate release. Photos U. S. Army Sgt."
},
{
"docid": "D3238866#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamid_Karzai\nHamid Karzai",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Karzai\"\" redirects here. For the surname, see Karzai (surname). Hamid Karzai حامد کرزی12th27-11-2019 President of Afghanistan In office 22 December 2001 – 29 September 2014 Acting: 22 December 2001 – 13 July 2002Vice President Karim Khalili Ahmad Zia Massoud Mohammed Fahim Yunus Qanuni Preceded by Mohammed Omar Succeeded by Ashraf Ghani Personal details Born 24 December 1957 (age 60)Karz, Kandahar, Afghanistan Nationality Afghan Political party Independent Spouse (s) Zeenat Quraishi (1999–present)Children Mirwais Malalai Howsi Alma mater Himachal Pradesh University Website Hamid Karzai.com Hamid Karzai / ˈ h æ m ɪ d ˈ k ɑːr z aɪ /, ( Pashto / Dari: حامد کرزی , born 24 December 1957) is an Afghan politician who was the leader of Afghanistan from 22 December 2001 to 29 September 2014, originally as an interim leader and then as President for almost ten years, from 7 December 2004 to 2014. He comes from a politically active family; Karzai's father, uncle and grandfather were all active in Afghan politics and government. Karzai and his father before him, Abdul Ahad Karzai, were each head of the Popalzai tribe of the Durrani tribal confederation. In the 1980s Karzai was active as a fundraiser for the mujahideen who were fighting to expel Soviet Army troops during the Soviet-Afghan War (1979–1989). After the Soviet withdrawal, the Islamic State of Afghanistan was established and then it was replaced in 1996 when the Taliban came to power and established the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. In July 1999 Karzai's father was assassinated and Karzai succeeded him as head of the Popalzai tribe. In October 2001 the US invasion of Afghanistan began and Karzai became a dominant political figure after the removal of the Taliban regime in late 2001. [ 1] During the December 2001 International Conference on Afghanistan in Germany, Karzai was selected by prominent Afghan political figures to serve a six-month term as Chairman of the Interim Administration. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1535182#0",
"title": "http://www.historycommons.org/timeline.jsp?timeline=afghanwar_tmln&afghanwar_tmln_islamist_militarism=afghanwar_tmln_osama_bin_laden_and_al_qaeda\nWar in Afghanistan",
"text": "1980-1990: Two Yemeni Sheikhs Serve as Bin Laden Advisers During Soviet-Afghan War Sheikh Mohammed Ali Hassan al-Moayad serves as Osama bin Laden’s “spiritual adviser” during the war between the Soviet Union and the US-backed mujaheddin in Afghanistan, according to a statement made by Sheikh al-Moayad at his trial in 2004-2005. [ CNN News, 8/2/2005] Al-Moayad’s trial in the United States will cause resentment in Yemen because he is a highly-esteemed cleric and member of the influential Islah party. [ Associated Press, 3/10/2005] Another of bin Laden’s “mentors” at this time is Abdul Mejid al-Zindani, a dynamic mujaheddin recruiter who becomes a leader of the Islah party. Yemeni President Ali Abdallah Saleh’s half-brother and military commander Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar also recruits mujaheddin fighters for Bin Laden. These fighters will later establish training camps in Yemen. [ World Press, 5/28/2005]Entity Tags: Al-Qaeda, Abdul Mejid al-Zindani, Osama bin Laden, Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar, Mohammed Ali Hassan al-Moayad Timeline Tags: Complete 911 Timeline Category Tags: Osama Bin Laden and Al-Qaeda1980-1989: $600 Million for Afghan War Passes through Bin Laden Charity Fronts From 1980 to 1989, about $600 million is passed through Osama bin Laden’s charity fronts, according to Michael Scheuer, head of the CIA’s first bin Laden unit. Most of it goes through the charity front Maktab al-Khidamat (MAK), also known as Al-Kifah. The money generally comes from donors in Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf, and is used to arm and supply the mujaheddin fighting in Afghanistan. Mohammad Yousaf, a high ranking ISI official, will later say, “It was largely Arab money that saved the system,” since so much of the aid given by the CIA and Saudi Arabia was siphoned away before it got to Afghanistan. “ By this I mean cash from rich individuals or private organizations in the Arab world, not Saudi government funds."
},
{
"docid": "D1289534#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan-Central_Asia\nAfghanistan",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Afghanistan-Central Asia)navigation search For the Japanese manga, see Afghanis-tan. Coordinates: 33°N 65°EIslamic Republic of Afghanistanد افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت ( Pashto)Da Afġānistān Islāmī Jumhoryatجمهوری اسلامی افغانستان ( Dari)Jomhūrīyyeh Eslāmīyyeh Afġānestān Flag Coat of arms Motto:لا إله إلا الله، محمد رسول الله \"\" Lā ʾilāha ʾillā llāh, Muhammadun rasūlu llāh \"\" \"\"There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. ( Shahada)Anthem: Millī Surūdملي سرود (English: \"\"National Anthem\"\")Capital and largest city Kabul34°32′N 69°08′EOfficial languages Pashto Dari [1]Ethnic groups Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek, and others [2]Religion Islam Demonym Afghan/Afghanistani [Note 1]Government Unitary presidential Islamic republic•President Ashraf Ghani•Chief Executive Officer Abdullah Abdullah Legislature National Assembly•Upper house House of Elders•Lower house House of the People Formation•Hotak Empire April 1709• Durrani Empire October 1747•Emirate 1823•Recognized 19 August 1919•Kingdom 9 June 1926•Republic 17 July 1973•Current constitution 26 January 2004Area• Total 652,864 [5] km 2 (252,072 sq mi) ( 40th)• Water (%) negligible Population• 2016 estimate 34,656,032 [6] ( 40th)• Density 49.88/km 2 (129.2/sq mi) ( 150th)GDP ( PPP) 2017 estimate• Total $70 billion [7]• Per capita $1,888 [7]GDP (nominal) 2017 estimate• Total $21 billion [7]• Per capita $572 [7]Gini (2008) 29 [8]low HDI (2014) 0.465 [9]low · 171st Currency Afghani (Afs) ( AFN)Time zone D† ( UTC +4:30 Solar Calendar)Drives on the right Calling code +93ISO 3166 code AFInternet TLD .af افغانستان. Afghanistan ( / æ f ˈ ɡ æ n ɪ s t æ n, - ɡ ɑː n ɪ s t ɑː n / ( listen); Pashto / Dari: افغانستان , Pashto: Afġānistān [avɣɒnisˈtɒn, ab-], [10] Dari: Afġānestān [avɣɒnesˈtɒn] ), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. [ 11] [12] Afghanistan is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and in the far northeast, China. Its territory covers 652,000 square kilometers (252,000 sq mi) and much of it is covered by the Hindu Kush mountain range, which experience very cold winters. The north consists of fertile plains, whilst the south-west consists of deserts where temperatures can get very hot in summers. [ 13] Kabul serves as the capital and its largest city. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. The land has historically been home to various peoples and has witnessed numerous military campaigns, including those by Alexander the Great, Mauryas, Muslim Arabs, Mongols, British, Soviet, and since 2001 by the United States with NATO -allied countries."
},
{
"docid": "D2693322#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowe_Bergdahl\nBowe Bergdahl",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Bowe Bergdahl Bergdahl, c. 2009Birth name Beaudry Robert Bergdahl [1]Born March 28, 1986 (age 32)Sun Valley, Idaho, U. S. Allegiance United States of America Service/ branch U. S. Army (2008–present) [2]U. S. Coast Guard (2006, 26 days) [3]Rank Private Unit Blackfoot Company, 1st Battalion, 501st Infantry Regiment, 4th Brigade Combat Team (Airborne), 25th Infantry Division Battles/wars War in Afghanistan Relations Robert \"\"Bob\"\" Bergdahl (father) Jani Larson (mother) Sky Albrecht (sister)Beaudry Robert \"\" Bowe \"\" Bergdahl (born March 28, 1986) is a United States Army soldier who was held captive from June 2009 to May 2014 by the Taliban -aligned Haqqani network in Afghanistan and Pakistan. [ 4] [5] [6] [7] Bergdahl was captured after deserting his post on June 30, 2009. The circumstances under which Bergdahl went missing and how he was captured by the Taliban have since become subjects of intense media scrutiny. He was released on May 31, 2014, as part of a prisoner exchange for five Taliban members who were being held at the detention center at Guantanamo Bay. This exchange and the ceremony announcing it, held in the White House Rose Garden, generated controversy in the United States. On December 14, 2015, the U. S. Army announced that Bergdahl would be tried by general court-martial on charges of desertion and misbehavior before the enemy. [ 8] On October 16, 2017, Bergdahl entered a guilty plea before a military judge at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. [ 9] On November 3, 2017, he was sentenced to be dishonorably discharged, reduced in rank to private, and fined $1,000 per month from his pay for ten months, with no prison time. [ 10] The fine and reduction in rank were to take effect immediately, while the discharge was stayed pending automatic appeal. Contents [ hide ]1 Early life and education2 Military career2.1 Before capture2.1.1 Last e-mail to parents2.1.2 Last communication with platoon3 Captivity3.1 Circumstances of Bergdahl's disappearance3.2 Contacts by Taliban3.3 Search efforts3.4 Torture in captivity4 Release4.1 Release efforts4.2 White House Rose Garden ceremony4.3 Return to duty4.4 Debate over negotiations5 Military investigation and charges6 Military awards7 See also8 References9 External links Early life and education [ edit]Bergdahl was born in 1986, in Sun Valley, Idaho, to Robert Bergdahl, a commercial truck driver, and his wife Jani Larson Bergdahl."
},
{
"docid": "D192451#0",
"title": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/who-are-the-haqqanis-afghanistans-most-feared-insurgents/articleshow/61112522.cms\nWho are the Haqqanis, Afghanistan's most feared insurgents?",
"text": "\"Who are the Haqqanis, Afghanistan's most feared insurgents? TIMESOFINDIA. COM | Oct 17, 2017, 10:44 ISTHighlights The rescue of an abducted US-Canadian family in Pakistan last week has spotlighted their captors — the Haqqani network, former CIA assets now considered one of the most dangerous factions fighting US-led Nato forces in Afghanistan. Here's all you need to know about the US-designated terror group: (Image used for representation)What is the Haqqani Network (HN)? Led by Sirajuddin Haqqani, who doubles as the Afghan Taliban 's deputy leader, the extremist group has been blamed for spectacular attacks across Afghanistan since after the US invasion. Long suspected of links to Pakistan 's shadowy military establishment, the network was described by US Admiral Mike Mullen in 2011 as a \"\"veritable arm\"\" of Pakistani intelligence. Michael Kugelman, an analyst at top American think tank Wilson Center said the Haqqanis are a major cause of concern for US officials. Origin of the Haqqani Network The group was founded by Jalaluddin Haqqani, an Afghan mujahideen commander fighting the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan in the 1980s with the help of the US and Pakistan. Known for his organisation and bravery, Jalaluddin garnered attention from the CIA and a personal visit from US congressman Charlie Wilson. A fluent Arabic speaker, Jalaluddin also fostered close ties with Arab jihadists, including Osama Bin Laden, who flocked to the region during the war and later became a minister in the Taliban regime."
}
] |
8361 | who are the parents of adam and eve | [
{
"docid": "D1572090#0",
"title": "http://www.allaboutcreation.org/adam-and-eve.htm\nAdam And Eve",
"text": "\"Home >> Adam And Eve Adam And Eve Adam and Eve: Who are They? Adam and Eve were the first humans, according to the Jewish, Islamic, and Christian religions, and all humans have descended from them. As stated in the Bible, Adam and Eve were created by God to take care of His creation, to populate the earth, and to have a relationship with Him. Their very names are indicative of their roles. Adam comes from the Hebrew adomah, meaning \"\"man.\"\" Eve is from the Hebrew for \"\"life.\"\" The complete biblical account of Adam and Eve can be found in Genesis 1:26 to Genesis 5:5 . Most of our preconceived ideas about Adam and Eve and the Garden of Eden come from John Milton's epic poem \"\"Paradise Lost,\"\" published in 1667. He took the Genesis account and greatly expanded it using his creative flair. Milton used his imagination to create \"\"behind the scenes\"\" conversations with God, Satan, and various angels."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2318429#0",
"title": "https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/24887/cain-vs-adam-eve\nCain vs Adam / Eve [closed]",
"text": "\"_Christianity Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for committed Christians, experts in Christianity and those interested in learning more. Join them; it only takes a minute: Sign up Here's how it works: Anybody can ask a question Anybody can answer The best answers are voted up and rise to the top Cain vs Adam / Eve [closed]up vote3down votefavorite Background Traditionally, in Sunday school one gets taught things like: Cain = evil. Cain murdered Abel his brother. Typically, in such environments, one also stresses the importance of obeying to one's parents and \"\"being a good child. \"\" Setup Recently, the following hit me: Cain killed one person (Abel). Adam/Eve doomed all their descendants to death. Cain's sin is external (for all to see and be disgusted at. ) Adam/Eve's sin is more \"\"internal\"\" (i.e. it's not hard to imagine that Adam/Eve, in their child raising, in asserting their authority, had the implicit assumption that Adam/Eve were \"\"more righteous\"\" than their children. ) Question Reasoning purely from the Bible (and ignoring human opinion), which of the following is true: (a) Cain was a worse sinner than Adam/Eve. ( b) Adam/Eve were worse sinners than Cain. ("
},
{
"docid": "D2559080#0",
"title": "http://creation.com/blood-types-and-their-origin\nBlood types and their origin",
"text": "This article is from Journal of Creation 11 (1) :31–32—April 1997 Browse our latest digital issue Subscribe Blood types and their origin (Countering the Critics)by Jonathan Sarfati Introduction One of the commonest questions asked of creationists is: ‘How did the great variety of humans arise from a single human pair?’ It is ironic that many people who regard this as unanswerable believe something far more incredible, that all living organisms have arisen from a single cell, which itself arose from non-living chemicals. If one can believe that random mutation and natural selection is an adequate explanation for those huge changes (with vast increases in information content), then these mechanisms surely suffice for the creationist view of minor changes (which do not involve generation of new, functional information). The Creation/Fall theory can account for all the variation in humanity by pointing out that the original pair had an enormous genetic variability. Reshuffling of this variability, some loss of complexity due to mutations, and natural selection can explain all the current variability. This has been explained in detail in The Creation Answers Book Chapter 18 1. The book points out that a wide range of skin colours can arise from just four genes for melanin distribution. The different eye colours arise from light scattering off melanin particles in the iris, with the observed colour depending on the amount and depth of the melanin. The blueness of the sky is similarly caused by light scattering off air molecules, while the pink/red sunset results from the shallower angle of the sun’s rays. Dust particles enhance this effect, often leading to very vivid sunsets."
},
{
"docid": "D2535265#0",
"title": "http://www.christiananswers.net/q-aig/aig-c004.html\nWhere did Cain get his wife?",
"text": "See this page in: Bulgarian, Dutch, French, German, Indonesian, Japanese, Russian, Spanish Question: “Hello, I’m a hardcore Evolution believer. I’m always telling my friends who are religious, that perhaps the Bible is just another story like King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table… Even though I make some good points, in my opinion, against creationism, they still do not agree with me. That’s okay, but there is always one question that always seems to stump them… ‘If Adam and Eve were the first people on this planet, then how did the population become what it is without incest? Doesn't the Bible state that incest is bad…?’” Sincerely, Yoendry. W e don't even know her name, yet she was discussed at the Scopes trial, mentioned in the play and movie “Inherit the Wind” [1] and the book and movie “ Contact ,” [2] and has been talked about in countries all over the world. Is she the most-talked-about wife in history? Skeptics have used Cain 's wife time and again to try to discredit the Book of Genesis as a true historical record. Sadly, most Christians have not been able to give an adequate answer to this question. As a result, the world thinks Christians cannot defend the authority of Scripture and, thus, the Christian faith."
},
{
"docid": "D2999254#0",
"title": "http://www.imdb.com/search/name?gender=female&start=51\nFemales (Sorted by Popularity Ascending)",
"text": "\"Females (Sorted by Popularity Ascending)51-100 of 1,731,953 names. | « Previous | Next »Sort by: STARmeter ▲ | A-Z | Birth Date | Death Date51. Angelina Jolie Actress | Maleficent Angelina Jolie is an Academy Award-winning actress who became popular after playing the title role in the \"\"Lara Croft\"\" blockbuster movies, as well as Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005), Wanted (2008), Salt (2010) and Maleficent (2014). Off-screen, Jolie has become prominently involved in international ...52. Madeline Carroll Actress | Flipped Madeline was born March 18, 1996 and raised in Los Angeles, California. She began modeling when she was 3 years old, soon after she was discovered by her Theatrical agent \"\"Wendy\"\" in a nail shop in Sherman Oaks and began her theatrical acting career. She has performed in around 60 principal role/...53. Emilia Clarke Actress | Game of Thrones British actress Emilia Clarke was born in London and grew up in Berkshire, England. Her father is a theatre sound engineer and her mother is a businesswoman. Her father was working on a theatre production of \"\"Show Boat\"\" and her mother took her along to the performance."
},
{
"docid": "D1567736#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Being_Human_characters\nList of Being Human characters",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For characters in the Canadian/US adaptation, see List of Being Human (North American TV series) characters. [ hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages)This article describes a work or element of fiction in a primarily in-universe style. ( March 2010)This article relies too much on references to primary sources. ( March 2010)This is a list of fictional characters in the British supernatural drama-comedy television series Being Human. The show's central premise follows a vampire, a werewolf and a ghost as they try to live together in modern-day Britain. Actors Lenora Crichlow, Russell Tovey and Aidan Turner composed the original core cast of the programme's first three series with Sinead Keenan joining the main cast in series 3. This setup began to change from series 4, and by the fifth series an entirely different werewolf, vampire and ghost trio played by Michael Socha, Damien Molony and Kate Bracken were starring. Contents [ hide ]1 Main characters2 Supporting characters2.1 Pilot2.1.1 Secondary characters2.2 Series 12.2.1 Recurring characters2.2.2 Secondary characters2.3 Series 22.3.1 Recurring characters2.3.2 Secondary characters2.4 Series 32.4.1 Recurring characters2.4.2 Secondary characters2.5 Series 42.5.1 Recurring characters2.5.2 Secondary characters2.6 Series 52.6.1 Recurring characters2.6.2 Secondary characters3 References4 External links Main characters [ edit]Character Actor Description Anna Clare Sawyer Lenora Crichlow [1]Anna Clare Sawyer, known commonly as \"\"Annie\"\", is a ghost, appearing as she did at the time of her death in her early twenties."
},
{
"docid": "D3328177#0",
"title": "https://carm.org/did-god-create-sin\nDid God create sin?",
"text": "Did God create sin?by Matt Slick 12/11/08No, God did not create sin nor has he ever sinned. God is holy and He would not create that which is contrary to His nature. Sinfulness is the opposite of holiness. It is lawlessness ( 1 John 3:4 ). God is the author of the Law which is a reflection of His holy character ( Exodus 20:1-17 ). Therefore, God cannot create that which is in direct violation of the Law any more than a person can wish himself to be bigger than the sun. It just isn’t possible. But, if God didn’t create sin, then where did it come from? This is a question that has been debated by theologians and philosophers for many years. I cannot say that I have any better answers than they."
},
{
"docid": "D666101#0",
"title": "http://godandscience.org/youngearth/old_earth_creationism.html\nA Biblical Case for Old-Earth Creationism by Jon W. Greene",
"text": "\"A Biblical Case for Old-Earth Creationism by Jon W. Greene Introduction Is Old Earth Biblical? Guest author, Jon Greene presents an overview of why the Bible supports an old earth interpretation of creation. Contrary to the common perception of young earth creationists, old earth creationists hold a high view of the biblical texts. Rich Deem One of the most fundamental doctrines held dear by Christians is God’s creation of the world and all living creatures. Yet among evangelicals, an ongoing controversy exists regarding the age of the earth and when God created the universe and life. Indeed, the “young-earth” vs. “old-earth” debate is one of the most polarizing and divisive issues within the Christian community. This paper presents the biblical case for “old-earth creationism” (OEC) and endeavors to clear up theological misconceptions regarding OEC held by many well-intentioned “young-earth creationist” (YEC) believers. The purpose is not to dissuade young-earth believers from their position, but rather to propose OEC as a well-reasoned, Bible-honoring view that has been embraced by scholars such as Francis Schaeffer, James Boice, and Norman Geisler. Old earth beliefs Before presenting a more detailed explanation of OEC, here is a brief summary of core beliefs. Old earth creationists contend: God miraculously created the universe from nothing ( ex nihilo ), created life from non-life, and progressively intervened in history to supernaturally create new species of life."
},
{
"docid": "D1073623#0",
"title": "http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0124298/\nBlast from the Past ( 1999)",
"text": "\"FULL CAST AND CREW | TRIVIA | USER REVIEWS | IMDb Pro | MORESHARE6.6/ 1053,317Rate This Blast from the Past ( 1999)PG-13 | 1h 52min | Comedy, Drama, Romance | 12 February 1999 (USA)A naive man comes out into the world after spending 35 years in a nuclear fallout shelter. Director: Hugh Wilson Writers: Bill Kelly (story), Bill Kelly (screenplay) | 1 more credit »Stars: Brendan Fraser, Alicia Silverstone, Christopher Walken |See full cast & crew »48Metascore From metacritic.com Reviews247 user | 94 critic Popularity4,047 ( 390 )Watch Now From $9.99 (SD) on Prime Video ON DISCBest (and Worst) Superpowers According to Superfan Patton Oswalt Sorry Aquaman, but Patton Oswalt thinks talking to fish is the most useless superpower. See Patton's superpower picks Related News Review: Static Shock the Complete Third Season05 February 2018 | Comicmix Hugh Wilson: Police Academy director dies, aged 7418 January 2018 | Den of Geek Police Academy Director Hugh Wilson Dies at 7417 January 2018 | Movie Web See all related articles »Around The Web Powered by Zerg Net Create a list »User Lists Related lists from IMDb users DA COMPRAREa list of 29 titles created 15 Feb 20172018a list of 28 titles created 3 months ago Movies to Watcha list of 38 titles created 31 Oct 2016Krapulakännia list of 26 titles created 07 Apr 2017Lighta list of 29 titles created 4 weeks ago See all related lists »Related Items Search for \"\" Blast from the Past \"\" on Amazon.com Share this Rating Title: Blast from the Past (1999)6.6 /10Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. Show HTML View more styles User Polls Favorite Christopher Walken Character Most Original Groovy Movie Best Rom-Coms of the '90s See more polls »1 nomination. See more awards »Photos See all 43 photos »Edit Cast Cast overview, first billed only: Brendan Fraser... Adam Alicia Silverstone... Eve Christopher Walken... Calvin Sissy Spacek... Helen Dave Foley... Troy Joey Slotnick... Soda Jerk Dale Raoul... Mom Hayden Tank... Adam age 3½Douglas Smith... Adam age 11Ryan Sparks... Adam age 8Don Yesso... Jerry Scott Thomson... Young Psycho Ted Kairys... Navy Pilot Rex Linn... Dave Cynthia Mace... Betty See full cast »Edit Storyline Adam Weber is the child of an eccentric inventor and his wife. Following a bomb scare in the 1960s that locked the Webers in their bomb shelter for 35 years, Adam Weber must venture out into Los Angeles and obtain food and supplies for his family. He meets Eve, who reluctantly agrees to help him out. Written by Foggy Plot Summary | Plot Synopsis Plot Keywords:paul mccartney character | pantyhose | black pantyhose | female stockinged legs | bomb shelter | See All (54) »Taglines: She'd never met anyone like him. He's never met anyone... Period."
},
{
"docid": "D2228980#0",
"title": "http://www.123helpme.com/search.asp?text=adam+sandler\n.",
"text": "\"Title Length Color Rating Men of Comedy: Adam Sandler and Chevy Chase - Throughout the history of comedy, many actors and actresses have come and gone and left behind their hilarious movies and stand-up shows. Adam Sandler and Chevy Chase are good examples of how comedy has helped shape the face of acting. Comedy is very important in today’s society, with famous actors and blockbuster hits. Comedy is fun for the whole family, and it is the most watched form of movie out there. Most people find enjoyment out of a good laugh with their friends and family. It is a form of entertainment that has been around for a very long time, and I don’t see it going away anytime soon.... [tags: Saturday Night Live, actors]:: 13 Works Cited1492 words (4.3 pages) Powerful Essays [preview]Adam Sandler - It seems you either love him or hate him - but there's no avoiding him. Adam Sandler has risen to the top, and he has his loyal fans to thank for it. While most actors fight their way to the top while relying mainly on hype, for Sandler this was actually against him. No one thought he would succeed, but the fans made it happen, carrying him to the top of the box office. Sandler grew up in Brooklyn, New York and was born on September 9th, 1966."
},
{
"docid": "D1716914#0",
"title": "http://www.teachingtheword.org/apps/articles/?articleid=74731&blogid=5435\n.",
"text": "\"What Is the Biblical Definition of Death? By Dr. Paul M. Elliott From the Teaching the Word Bible Knowledgebase In our time most of the human race, including many Christians, substitute a naturalistic definition of death for the Bible's definition. This kind of thinking can be increasingly found even among Evangelical pastors and in reputedly conservative seminaries. Building Our Case on Solid Ground Many Darwinian evolutionists, and virtually all atheists, believe that man, being a creature purely of time and chance, merely ceases to exist when physical life ends. Increasing numbers of professing Christians, though they believe the soul continues to exist for a time after death, teach the future complete annihilation of unbelievers. But as Christians we must be careful to build our thinking about death upon solid Biblical ground. We who are subject to death cannot define death. Only Someone who exists outside of the sphere of death can objectively define death for us. God has done that in His Word. So the critical question is this: How does God in Scripture define death?"
},
{
"docid": "D2214474#0",
"title": "http://www.askelm.com/doctrine/d950201.htm\n.",
"text": "\"The Deceptions of Satan the Devilby Ernest L. Martin, Ph. D., 1995To put the matter in a single phrase, the greatest deception of Satan is to prompt you, me and everyone in the world to believe that he is not Satan. He manipulates us to accept something quite opposite. Satan wants people to believe that he is a righteous spirit being who has nothing but your interest (and the interest of all human beings on earth) as his chief desire and that his ultimate goal is to promote your welfare and prosperity. Truly, he wants you to succeed and be prosperous if you will only do things his way. Using the vernacular of the present day, though Satan is truly a bad guy (the worst of the worst), he projects himself to the world and to you and me as a good guy (the best of the best) and Satan has accomplished his task quite effectively. Truthfully, however, Christ Jesus accurately called Satan a murderer from the beginning. He goes about as a roaring lion to devour whom he might, but the impression that Satan wishes to give of himself is utterly different. He wants to express to the world (and to you and me) the very opposite characteristics. And believe me, Satan has managed to pull off the grandest subterfuge ever conceived in the history of the world."
},
{
"docid": "D292038#0",
"title": "http://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/32608/how-does-the-catholic-church-reconcile-evolution-with-original-sin\nHow does the Catholic Church reconcile evolution with original sin?",
"text": "\"_Christianity Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for committed Christians, experts in Christianity and those interested in learning more. Join them; it only takes a minute: Sign up Here's how it works: Anybody can ask a question Anybody can answer The best answers are voted up and rise to the top How does the Catholic Church reconcile evolution with original sin?up vote16down votefavorite3According to Catholic doctrine:all men inherit ancestral sin from Adam;God descended upon Earth as the Son in order to free mankind from this sin, was crucified, died etc. From the Catechism of the Catholic Church: Adam and Eve transmitted to their descendants human nature wounded by their own first sin and hence deprived of original holiness and justice; this deprivation is called \"\"original sin\"\". The theory of evolution states that we (as Homo Sapiens) gradually evolved from other creatures. This implies—if we don't misinterpret the theory—that Adam and Eve never existed. If Adam and Eve never existed, no one fell, and we cannot inherit ancestral sin from no one. Moreover, there wasn't any reason which Jesus had to be born for, anything he had to free us from. Now, my question is: How can the doctrine of ancestral sin be justified in view of the Darwinian theory of evolution?catholicism adam-and-eve original-sin evolutionshare improve this questionedited Sep 2 '14 at 18:40Affable Geek54.6k 23 146318asked Sep 1 '14 at 22:02giucal86 1 61Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been moved to chat. – Caleb ♦Sep 3 '14 at 9:43add a comment7 Answers active oldest votesup vote16down voteaccepted Catholics reconcile the two beliefs by being allowed to believe in evolution, but required to believe in the existence of Adam and Eve. For the purposes of this discussion, evolution is the scientific hypothesis that the physical bodies of various living beings have developed from those of other living beings of different species."
},
{
"docid": "D3338172#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_major_paintings_by_Masaccio\nList of major paintings by Masaccio",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Masaccio is important for developing naturalistic depiction of 3D space containing figures conceived as accurate plastic objects. In his paintings the newly discovered laws of perspective were applied, the drawing of foreshortened parts was correct, and the anatomy of the human body was well understood. According to Giorgio Vasari, Masaccio owed his artistic education to Masolino da Panicale, but Masaccio, although he died 20 years before his master, carried the advance in naturalism further. Much of his work has been destroyed, and what remains is often in poor condition, but undergoing some restoration. The largest remaining collection of work is the fresco decoration of the Brancacci Chapel in the Church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence. Here Masolino da Panicale had left unfinished a series of frescoes which Masaccio was asked to continue: his six paintings there created a sensation and became the training school of Florentine painters of the succeeding generations, of Michelangelo with the rest. Masaccio did not complete the decoration of the chapel. In 1428 he left for Rome, and was reported dead soon afterwards. [ 1]What follows is an incomplete list of Masaccio's main paintings in chronological sequence. [ 2] The arrangement is ordered by year and title, with brief comments and showing the artistic development of the artist."
},
{
"docid": "D3322945#0",
"title": "https://soundfaith.com/sermons/157690-the-blame-game\nPassing the Buck Is Inherent in The Fall",
"text": "made with Faithlife Proclaim Rodney Prickett Riddles Bend Baptist Church Genesis 1-11 • Sermon • Submitted a year ago • Presented a year ago • 35:30Genesis 3:8–13 Responsibility Accountability0 ratings · 66 views Preview Share Embed Watch this sermon on a Roku or Apple TV!Files Audio The Blame Game ( Video)Notes & Transcripts Subscribe to copy text Sermon Tone Analysis A D F J SEmotion A C TLanguage O C E A ESocial View more →You said you didn't need her You told her good-bye (good-bye) You sacrificed a good love To satisfy your pride Now you wished That you should have her (have her) And you feel like such a fool You let her walk away Now it just don't feel the same Gotta blame it on something Gotta blame it on something Blame it on the rain (rain) Blame it on the stars (stars) Whatever you do don't put the blame on you Blame it on the rain yeah yeah You can blame it on the rain Come to find out, we couldn’t even blame the singing on milli vanilli Passing the Buck Is Inherent in The Fall Genesis 3:8–13 HCSBThen the man and his wife heard the sound of the LORD God walking in the garden at the time of the evening breeze, and they hid themselves from the LORD God among the trees of the garden. So the LORD God called out to the man and said to him, “Where are you?” And he said, “I heard You in the garden and I was afraid because I was naked, so I hid.” Then He asked, “Who told you that you were naked? Did you eat from the tree that I commanded you not to eat from?” Then the man replied, “The woman You gave to be with me—she gave me some fruit from the tree, and I ate.” So the LORD God asked the woman, “What is this you have done?” And the woman said, “It was the serpent. He deceived me, and I ate. ”Last week we mentioned that one effect of the fall was that the couple now were ashamed of their own nakedness."
},
{
"docid": "D2263971#0",
"title": "http://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/8281/when-did-satan-get-cast-out-of-heaven-or-is-that-yet-to-come\nWhen did Satan get cast out of heaven? Or is that yet to come?",
"text": "\"_Christianity Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for committed Christians, experts in Christianity and those interested in learning more. Join them; it only takes a minute: Sign up Here's how it works: Anybody can ask a question Anybody can answer The best answers are voted up and rise to the top When did Satan get cast out of heaven? Or is that yet to come?up vote5down votefavorite1This answer explains that it happened after Jesus ascended, and might even be something that will happen in the \"\"End Times\"\", but this answer says that it happened before Adam and Eve sinned. What does the Bible say about this? I'm looking for an answer that explains all major verses about this event.biblical-basis exegesis satan angelsshare improve this questionedited Apr 13 '17 at 12:56Community ♦1asked Jun 30 '12 at 3:03Aleighd141 2 3 10add a comment6 Answers active oldest votesup vote8down voteaccepted This may be an issue of semantics. Here is my impression: Satan sinned prior to Adam and Eve sinning, as Richard indicated in his answer (which you linked). At that time he \"\"fell\"\" in the sense that DTest was asking about in his question. ( i.e. \"\"fell from grace\"\". ) However, after Satan's initial sin, he appears to have still had access to the realm where the angels stand before God (which we call \"\"heaven\"\"). This is what I was getting at in my \"\"examples\"\" link in my answer (which you linked)."
},
{
"docid": "D2422181#0",
"title": "http://www.middletownbiblechurch.org/manchris/manchr1.htm\nCHAPTER 1",
"text": "\"CHAPTER 1Man’s Origin--Where Did I Come From? Whenever we are seeking to find out the ORIGIN of something, we are asking the question, \"\"Where did it begin?\"\" \"\" How did it all begin?\"\" \"\" How did it originate?\"\" \"\" Where did it come from? \"\" For example, someone might ask, \"\"What is the origin or the beginning point of the Mississippi River?\"\" Where does this great river start?\"\" If we were to start at the Gulf of Mexico and follow the Mississippi River all the way back to its starting point, we would end up at a location in northern Minnesota. It is there that the Mississippi River ORIGIN ates!In this chapter we are concerned about the origin of man. How did man begin?"
},
{
"docid": "D787006#0",
"title": "http://thoughtsonlds.blogspot.com/2009/04/tree-of-life.html\nThe Tree of Life",
"text": "The Tree of Life Is the Tree of Life a literal tree with literal fruit or is it figurative? Answer, as with many things in the gospel, there are different layers of meaning that we can reach as we become more in tune with the Spirit. There may very well be deeper levels that I haven’t even begun to contemplate yet. What do we know about the Tree of Life? “ And out of the ground made the LORD God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil.” ( Old Testament Genesis 2:9) Here we see that the Tree of Life was in the Garden of Eden. Was Adam and Eve allowed to partake of the Tree of Life in the Garden of Eden? Answer, Yes. “ And I, the Lord God, commanded the man, saying: Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat, But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it, nevertheless, thou mayest choose for thyself, for it is given unto thee; but, remember that I forbid it, for in the day thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.” ( Pearl of Great Price Moses 3:15 - 17) They were only forbidden to partake of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil."
},
{
"docid": "D1972#0",
"title": "http://assemblyoftrueisrael.com/TruthPage/adam.html\n.",
"text": "\"Nearly all Bible authorities and students agree that Adam was created by Yahweh (G-d) about 6,000 years ago (c. 4,000 B. C.). Bible chronology on this issue has been established long ago and has been continually verified and sustained. The question which is debated and argued is whether Adam was the first man or humanoid being on earth, or if other types of men existed before Adam. History and science reveal that many different men and humanoid types were on earth tens of thousands of years before Adam. The skeletal remains of these beings have been found all over the planet. Some resemble races now existing, some represent more primitive humanoid types. Bible \"\"fundamentalists\"\" and Christian humanists claim Adam was the first humanoid or man, and was consequentially the father of all peoples and races on earth, or ever existed on the earth. This is derived from their literal and universal interpretation of Scripture, and their denial of what history and science reveal on the matter. To show how inaccurate these humanists and Bible fundamentalists are in their position that Adam was the first man, we will analyze an argument which one of these people has given on the matter. The following excerpts are from an article titled Pre-Adamite Yearnings, written by Douglas Jones in Credenda Agenda magazine (Vol."
},
{
"docid": "D3202429#0",
"title": "http://bakerpublishinggroup.com/books/the-evolution-of-adam/336910\nThe Evolution of Adam",
"text": "\"The Evolution of Adam What the Bible Does and Doesn’t Say about Human Originsby: Peter Enns Paperback ISBN 9781587433153Dimensions 5.5 x 8.5Pub. Date Jan 2012SRP $19.00Carton Quantity 35Number of pages 192Buy E-Book ISBN 9781441236333Pub. Date Jan 2012SRP $19.00Buy Request Exam Copy Print Email Download Cover Tweet Like Pin Where to Purchase Baker Book House Amazon Barnes & Noble Christianbook.com More Options About Can Christianity and evolution coexist? Traditional Christian teaching presents Jesus as reversing the effects of the fall of Adam. However, an evolutionary view of beginnings doesn't allow for a historical Adam, making evolution seem incompatible with what Genesis and the apostle Paul say about him. For Christians who accept evolution and want to take the Bible seriously, this presents a tension that endangers faith. Peter Enns offers a way forward by explaining how this tension is caused not by the discoveries of science but by false expectations about the biblical texts. Focusing on key biblical passages in the discussion, Enns demonstrates that the author of Genesis and the apostle Paul wrote to ask and answer ancient questions for ancient people; the fact that they both speak of Adam does not determine whether Christians can accept evolution. This thought-provoking book reconciles the teachings of the Bible with the widely held evolutionary view of beginnings and will appeal to anyone interested in the Christianity-evolution debate, including college and seminary students in science and religion courses. Contents Introduction Part 1: Genesis: An Ancient Story of Israelite Self-Definition1."
},
{
"docid": "D1064176#0",
"title": "https://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081123074859AAUFs9a\nWhat does The Tree of Life represent? What if Adam and Eve had eaten from this Tree?",
"text": "\"Society & Culture Religion & Spirituality What does The Tree of Life represent? What if Adam and Eve had eaten from this Tree?6 following 16 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: The Tree of Life represents just that, Life, Eternal Life. Adam and Eve would of never died physically if they had eaten of the Tree of Life. However, the Tree of Life is only in Heave, so Adam and Eve would not of been able to get to it. Source (s): Sence. Preacher's Daughter · 9 years ago0 0 Comment Asker's rating What if God intended Adam and Eve to eat from the forbidden tree? In fact He did, and is why He even told them not to do it. This is played out with every new parent that tells their small child not to touch the hot stove. The warning sparks the curiosity in the child, who instinctively reaches out to do it. The modern phrase for this is called The Power of Suggestion."
}
] |
8362 | who can be a trustee in a deed of trust | [
{
"docid": "D1848891#0",
"title": "http://info.legalzoom.com/can-act-trustee-texas-deed-trust-26109.html\nWho Can Act As Trustee in a Texas Deed of Trust?",
"text": "\"A deed of trust is a type of trust instrument that transfers interest in real property. In Texas, a deed of trust is most commonly used to secure a loan for the purchase of a home or other real property until that loan is repaid and the trust is voided, similar to how mortgages are used in other states. It can also be used, however, as a more permanent part of a comprehensive estate plan. The trustee, the person or entity who owns and manages the property, must meet Texas' legal requirements for trustees. Parties to a Deed of Trust There are three principal parties to a deed of trust: the trustee, settlor and beneficiary. The settlor, also known as the grantor or trustor, is the person or entity who owns the property being transferred to the trust. This is typically the purchaser or owner. The trustee is the person or entity who will hold legal title to the property after the transfer. The beneficiary or beneficiaries are those whom the trust is intended to benefit. In the case of a mortgage, this would be the lender."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1713090#0",
"title": "http://apps.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=61.24.040\n.",
"text": "\"*** CHANGE IN 2018 *** (SEE 2057-S. SL) ***A deed of trust foreclosed under this chapter shall be foreclosed as follows: (1) At least ninety days before the sale, or if a letter under RCW 61.24.031 is required, at least one hundred twenty days before the sale, the trustee shall: (a) Record a notice in the form described in (f) of this subsection in the office of the auditor in each county in which the deed of trust is recorded; (b) To the extent the trustee elects to foreclose its lien or interest, or the beneficiary elects to preserve its right to seek a deficiency judgment against a borrower or grantor under RCW 61.24.100 (3) (a), and if their addresses are stated in a recorded instrument evidencing their interest, lien, or claim of lien, or an amendment thereto, or are otherwise known to the trustee, cause a copy of the notice of sale described in (f) of this subsection to be transmitted by both first-class and either certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, to the following persons or their legal representatives, if any, at such address: (i) The borrower and grantor; (ii) The beneficiary of any deed of trust or mortgagee of any mortgage, or any person who has a lien or claim of lien against the property, that was recorded subsequent to the recordation of the deed of trust being foreclosed and before the recordation of the notice of sale; (iii) The vendee in any real estate contract, the lessee in any lease, or the holder of any conveyances of any interest or estate in any portion or all of the property described in such notice, if that contract, lease, or conveyance of such interest or estate, or a memorandum or other notice thereof, was recorded after the recordation of the deed of trust being foreclosed and before the recordation of the notice of sale; (iv) The last holder of record of any other lien against or interest in the property that is subject to a subordination to the deed of trust being foreclosed that was recorded before the recordation of the notice of sale; (v) The last holder of record of the lien of any judgment subordinate to the deed of trust being foreclosed; and (vi) The occupants of property consisting solely of a single-family residence, or a condominium, cooperative, or other dwelling unit in a multiplex or other building containing fewer than five residential units, whether or not the occupant's rental agreement is recorded, which notice may be a single notice addressed to \"\"occupants\"\" for each unit known to the trustee or beneficiary; (c) Cause a copy of the notice of sale described in (f) of this subsection to be transmitted by both first-class and either certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, to the plaintiff or the plaintiff's attorney of record, in any court action to foreclose a lien or other encumbrance on all or any part of the property, provided a court action is pending and a lis pendens in connection therewith is recorded in the office of the auditor of any county in which all or part of the property is located on the date the notice is recorded; (d) Cause a copy of the notice of sale described in (f) of this subsection to be transmitted by both first-class and either certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, to any person who has recorded a request for notice in accordance with RCW 61.24.045, at the address specified in such person's most recently recorded request for notice; (e) Cause a copy of the notice of sale described in (f) of this subsection to be posted in a conspicuous place on the property, or in lieu of posting, cause a copy of said notice to be served upon any occupant of the property; (f) The notice shall be in substantially the following form: NOTICE OF TRUSTEE'S SALEI. NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the undersigned Trustee will on the . . . . day of . . . . . ., . . ., at the hour of . . . . o'clock . . . . M. at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [ street address and location if inside a building] in the City of . . . . . ., State of Washington, sell at public auction to the highest and best bidder, payable at the time of sale, the following described real property, situated in the County (ies) of . . . . . ., State of Washington, to-wit: [If any personal property is to be included in the trustee's sale, include a description that reasonably identifies such personal property]which is subject to that certain Deed of Trust dated . . . . . ., . . ., recorded . . . . . ., . . .,"
},
{
"docid": "D3084251#0",
"title": "https://www.cleardocs.com/clearlaw/trusts/trust-income-definition.html\nThe definition of 'trust income': the trust deed prevails",
"text": "Home Resources Partners Login Resources Clear Law legal bulletin Trusts The definition of 'trust income': the trust deed prevails Jun 2009Accountants and lawyers have long debated the appropriate definition of 'income' to include in trust deeds. Decisions over the years have provided varying guidance, but the Full Federal Court's recent decision in Bamford represents a further step in what has become the preferred direction — namely, the definition in the trust deed (or the definition adopted by the trustee from year to year), will determine what constitutes 'income of the trust estate' for the purposes of section 97 of the 1936 Act. [ 1]The decision also provides that the correct method of determining a beneficiary's 'share' of trust income is the proportionate approach. The case confirms the approach taken in Cleardocs trust deeds. Other deeds should be reviewed as explained in this Clear Law article. Tina Savona - Maddocks Tax & Revenue Team Summary The Full Federal Court decision in Bamford [2] is an important decision. It confirms that:the terms of the trust deed prevail in determining what is meant by the 'income of the trust' to which beneficiaries are presently entitled and assessed for tax; andthe 'proportionate approach' [3] — and not the quantum approach — is the correct approach in relation to how Division 6 of 1936 Act operates. The case confirms the approach taken in Cleardocs trust deeds. Background The meaning of the words 'a share of the income of the trust estate', as used in section 97 of the 1936 Act, has been the subject of conjecture for many years. The ongoing doubt about their meaning has:led to uncertainty in the taxation of trust beneficiaries under section 97; andcast doubt on the extent to which a trustee (under a trust deed) can determine or influence what is and what is not the income of the trust estate."
},
{
"docid": "D380118#0",
"title": "http://www.pruadviser.co.uk/content/knowledge/technical-centre/legal_structure/\nLegal structures of pension schemes",
"text": "There are a number of legal structures for pension schemes. These are: Personal pension schemes, which can either be trust or contract based Group pension schemes, which can either be trust or contract based Master trusts Trust-based personal schemes This is where a pension scheme is established by a pension provider under a trust deed. A trustee company is appointed to provide oversight and ensure compliance with the trust deed and rules. This means that the scheme is governed by the trust deed and rules. Contract-based personal schemes Contract-based pension schemes are individual contracts between the member, and the pension provider. The pension provider is often an insurance company or an investment platform, although there are also a number of independent providers. The provider establishes the personal pension under deed poll (or a board resolution in Scotland). The provider is the scheme administrator and there are no trustees. However, in practice the board resolution or deed poll will refer to a trust deed and rules. This is because the distribution of death benefits must be discretionary to avoid inheritance tax."
},
{
"docid": "D107096#0",
"title": "http://info.legalzoom.com/second-trust-deed-20052.html\nWhat Is a Second Trust Deed?",
"text": "\"A deed of trust is similar to a mortgage, allowing a borrower to secure a loan to buy a house by using the house as collateral. The difference is that in a mortgage there are two parties involved – the borrower and the lender -- while in a trust deed there are three parties involved – the borrower, the lender and a trustee. The trustee, who is generally a title insurance company or a bank, holds the legal title to the property until the loan is paid in full. Depending on where the property is located, state law determines which type of security instrument must be used. Definition A second trust deed can be a second mortgage or a home equity loan backed by a bank or other lender. A second trust deed means that there is already another trust deed in place that uses the property as security. In most cases, this first trust deed will be the original mortgage for the property. A second trust deed will require monthly payments and interest, in the same way as a first trust deed. With any trust deed, once the loan is paid off, the trustee releases the deed to the borrower. Protect your loved ones."
},
{
"docid": "D2004902#0",
"title": "http://www.lawdepot.com/law-library/Deed-of-Trust-FAQ-United-States/\nDeed of Trust FAQ - United States",
"text": "\"A Deed of Trust is a document where a borrower transfers the legal title for its property to a trustee who holds the property in trust as security for the payment of the debt to the lender. If the borrower pays the debt as agreed, the deed of trust becomes void and the lender executes a Deed of Reconveyance. If, however, the borrower defaults, the trustee may sell the property at a public sale under the terms of the deed of trust. In some jurisdictions, a mortgage is used instead of a deed of trust. What is a Deed of Trust? Who is the Beneficiary? Who is the Trustor Who is the Trustee? Who is the Guarantor? What is the Principal Amount? What is the Interest Adjustment Date?"
},
{
"docid": "D2870366#0",
"title": "https://www.supereasy.com.au/smsf/faq.asp\nSMSF FAQ",
"text": "\"SMSF FAQSMSF Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) and Glossary section is a good place to start learning about DIY Superannuation. Another good reference site for any SMSF question is the Australian Taxation Office website www.ato.gov.au/super , where one can find a wealth of useful information. Please find below the frequently asked questions and answers collected over the years from our clients: What is a SMSF or Do-It-Yourself (DIY) superannuation fund? DIY superannuation fund is an informal name for a Self-Managed Superannuation Fund (SMSF) . Self Managed Super Fund is a superannuation fund that is regulated by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) and all members of the fund must be trustees of the fund. There are exceptions to this rule, such as, a member who is a minor, or, one who is under legal disability. In such cases, regulatory provisions state that a member of the SMSF cannot be the trustee of the fund. What is the definition of a SMSF Member? A member is a person who has contributions made for them or who receives benefits from the fund. In retirement, a member has the option of receiving either lump-sum payment or a pension, or a combination of both."
},
{
"docid": "D2595953#0",
"title": "http://communitylaw.org.nz/community-law-manual/chapter-3-community-organisations-and-the-law/choosing-the-right-legal-structure-for-your-group-chapter-3/\nChoosing the right legal structure for your group",
"text": "Choosing the right legal structure for your group If you’re setting up a new community organisation, whether social, charitable, sporting, political or something else, you’ll need to consider which legal structure will be most appropriate for the group and its activities. For example, will an informal unincorporated group be sufficient? Or will you need something more formal, such as an unincorporated group with detailed written rules, or an incorporated society, or a trust? There are a number of different legal structures that may be open to your group, each with different advantages and disadvantages. This section discusses each of those forms:unincorporated groupsincorporated societiestrustscharitable trust boardscompaniesindustrial and provident societies. This section also explains the different arrangements for combining local organisations with larger national parent bodies (see “National bodies and local organisations”). Some key distinctions With some of the legal forms discussed in this section, the decision-makers are accountable to a wider membership (for example, an incorporated society). With others, control can be limited to a very small number of people (a trust or company for example). Another way of categorising the different legal structures is to consider whether it means the group will be an incorporated body – that is, have a separate legal identity. Those two distinctions are discussed in more detail below."
},
{
"docid": "D2733309#0",
"title": "http://www.thesmsfreview.com.au/comparison-table-smsf.html\nSMSF Setup and Administration service providers",
"text": "\"Comparison Tables SMSF Setup and Administration service providers Below is a list of central SMSF service providers that promote themselves to clients Australia wide. It includes those that just supply trust deeds and a setup pack, those that provide a full setup service to completion, and those that do both establishment and ongoing SMSF annual administration. Note that the alternative to using any of these below is to use your local accountant. The difference will likely be in price, the personalised service of your accountant, advisory services they may be able to offer, and any other services that they may package up with your SMSF work. See our article on Important items to consider with SMSF administration for more detail on this. SMSF setup only - online providers These are companies that will provide an establishment package to setup a new SMSF. With these, you go online and fill in your details, and they send you a trust deed to execute, and a range of other forms and a checklist to complete the setup. NAME SUMMARY PRICECleardocswww.cleardocs.com.au Supplies an SMSF establishment package, including a PDF trust deed (or option of mailed hardcopy) and other setup documents which you need to complete yourself. Includes an instruction sheet. Documents are from law firm Maddocks."
},
{
"docid": "D2254026#0",
"title": "http://estate.findlaw.com/trusts/living-trust-information.html\nLiving Trust Information",
"text": "\"Living Trust Information What are trusts and living trusts? A trust is an arrangement whereby property is managed by one person, called \"\"the trustee\"\", for the benefit of another person, called \"\"the beneficiary\"\". The trustee holds legal title to the property, and owes a fiduciary duty to the trustee. The trust is created by the grantor, who entrusts his or her property to the trustee for the benefit of the beneficiary of his or her choice. The grantor does not have to designate someone else to be the trustee, but may choose to be the trustee himself. Because the grantor may revoke the trust at any time, it is often referred to as a \"\" revocable trus t. \"\"A living trust, or \"\"inter vivos\"\" trust, is a trust that is created by the grantor during the grantor's lifetime, rather than upon the grantor's death. What are the terms and conditions of a living trust? All of the terms of the trust are set out in the trust document itself. This usually takes the form of a deed, called a \"\" Declaration of Trust, \"\" and is governed by local law, so be sure to consult the laws of your own state."
},
{
"docid": "D1896555#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/6888593/real-estate-sec-25-flash-cards/\nreal estate sec 25",
"text": "29 terms Kagnew6768real estate sec 25Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sorttrust deed deed of trust, use instead of mortgage, lender will have 3rd party between lender and borrower, known as trustee, protects interest of both lender and borrower, security devicereview of deeds seller grants title to buyer, seller is grantor, grants interest or title to anotherbuyer new owner grants a lien trust deed (lien) the buyer/new owner grants an interest in the property (lien) to the lender, wo with trust deed, the buyer is the grantor of the lienborrower trustor borrower receives title to property, lien theory state, trustor gives trust deed instead of a mortgage, trustor gives the trust deed to a neutral 3rd party known as trustee receives the trust deed)trust deed is not a deed, does not convey interest in a property, it conveys ability to sell property without having to to to court to foreclose, borrower defaults on note, lender tells trustee to foreclose, trustee has power to sell property (no sheriffs sale) under the power of sale clausenaked title foreclousure does not require going before a judge, trustee has stripped down rights to do a forced sale without going before courttrustee neutral 3rd party, known as referee between lender and borrower, can only receive instructions from lender (title beneficiary) and trustor, trust deed is not deed, does not convey interest, borrower defaults,lender tells trustee to foreclose, not necessary to go before judge title is referred to as naked titleperformance (paying off) a loan means borrower has made all contracted payments under promissory note, note has been paid off, owner must get something to record showing trust deed has been paid offbeneficiary / lender when borrower makes all payments and pays off note, called performance, lender notifies trustee that debt has been paid offreconveyance clause inside trust deed (deed of trust) , requires trustee to reconvey the naked title back to the owner, the recordable doc sent by the trustee to the borrower is the deed of reconveyance, simply reconvenes complete title back to owner in full, power to sell is taken away from trusteemortgage vs trust deed full payment - mortgage has defeasance clause and trust deed has reconveyance clause,. both release the lien that was placed on title back to owner when debt is paid offrecordable doc mortgage release doc is called satisfaction of mortgage, trust deed release doc is called deed of reconveyanceforeclosure on trust deed when trustor defaults on promissory note, trustee will have to foreclose. trustee cant do on his own, must get instructions,. promissory note is held by beneficiary/lender, lender must notify trustee to foreclose on trust deedforeclosure steps notification trustee must notify borrower he is late on payments, trustee must provide borrower with 30 days notice of possible foreclosureforeclosure steps fore closer by lender lender can foreclose on trust deed or deed of trust, lender would notify trustee, trustee can then sell under the power of sale clause in trust2 methods of foreclosure judicial foreclosure and sale, advertisement and salejudicial foreclosure and sale exactly same as mortgage, involves sheriffs sale, trustee would have to give proper notice, trustee goes before judge/court. judge rules there is breach in contract, judge gives writ of execution to sheriff, sheriff would sellright of redemption in most states borrower has 1 year right of redemption, borrower can come forward and pay off note, and expenses of lender during this 1 year, the buyer at auction would get thir money back and owner would gain back the titledeficiency judgement some states allow, if the sale money is not enough to cover lenders promissory note and costs, the borrower has to make up the differenceforeclosure by advertisement and sale protects lenders interest far more, does not require trustee to go to court or judge, means lender can foreclose without going to court, called trustee saletrustee gives proper notice anywhere from 30-60 days depending on state lawsbecoming current owner has this time period to become current with paymentstrustee invokes acceleration clause trustee calls debt due and payable, starts advertising the sale to highest bidder, must advertise for min. of 4 weeks,trustee sale trustee must wait 20 additional days after the 4th adverstisemtn and then can hold a trustee sale, owner has right to reinstate the loan up to 5 days prior to trustee sale, 4 days before sale these is nothing borrower/owner can do. trustee holds sale - no sheriff , highest bidder will get trustee deed on the spot, theres is NO statutory right of redemption after the sale. no addiontal 1 yr to redeem by oner, he must move out immediately.buyer possession new buyer gains possession of property after 10 additional days beyond trustee saletime period of foreclosure borrower under trust deed could lose possession of property within 78 days instesd of 1 year. 30 days to notify the owner, 4 weeks (28 days) of advertising, and 20 days before the trustee salerenew the loan owner can only renew the current loan up until 5 days prior to the trustee sale, gives borrower 73 days to renew loanjudicial foreclosure and sale notice - 30 days notice, court - judge issuer writ of execution, sheriff - sells property to highest bidder, deficiency judgement - if money is not enough to pay all debt some states require borrower to pay the difference, borrower - has an additional year of possession, bidder- given certificate of saleforeclosure by advertisement and sale notice - given to borrower and time period varies with each state, acceleration clause - trustee invokes if borrower does not become current, advertises - trustee puts ad once a week for 4 weeks, waits an additional 20 days, sale - is held and highest bidder gets trustees deed, purchaser - gains possession 10 days after sale, NO RIGHT OF REDEMPTIONAdvertisement Upgrade to remove ads Features Quizlet Live Quizlet Learn Diagrams Flashcards Mobile Help Sign up Help Center Honor Code Community Guidelines Students Teachers About Company Press Jobs Privacy Terms Follow us Language© 2018 Quizlet Inc."
},
{
"docid": "D2097273#0",
"title": "http://info.courthousedirect.com/blog/bid/295147/Grantors-Guarantors-Trustees-What-You-Need-to-Know\nGrantors, Guarantors, & Trustees: What You Need to Know",
"text": "Grantors, Guarantors, & Trustees: What You Need to Know Posted by Courthouse Direct.com Team - 27 December, 2017Legal and financial documents often use terms that are vaguely familiar or used in other contexts to mean something very different from their meaning in the document you are reviewing. If you are in a position to analyze a legal financial document, it is important that you understand it clearly and do not mistake the meaning of key terms. Familiarize yourself with these three commonly misunderstood terms, grantors, guarantors, and trustees, and gain confidence in your ability to read and understand important documents in your life. Defining Terms Before diving into the deeper aspects of these terms it may serve to look at the legal definitions of each: Grantors – the party who transfers title in real property (seller, giver) to another (buyer, recipient, donee) by grant deed or quitclaim deed. Guarantors – a person or entity that agrees to be responsible for another's debt or performance under a contract if the other fails to pay or perform. Trustee – a person or entity who holds the assets (corpus) of a trustee for the benefit of the beneficiaries and manages the trust and its assets under the terms of the trust stated in the declaration of trust which created it. With those definitions in mind, let’s examine each in more depth. Grantors Any time real estate or other real property is transferred from the owner to another person, the person conveying the property to the new owner is the grantor. A grantor may be an individual, a business organization, or a trust. In the context of a trust, the concept can become confusing."
},
{
"docid": "D2812369#0",
"title": "https://www.trustdeedscotland.net/faqs/\nWhatâs a trust deed?",
"text": "What’s a trust deed? A protected trust deed is a voluntary and legally-binding agreement between you and your creditors overseen by a trustee, that can help you get out of debt that you are struggling to repay. A trust deed can pay off most unsecured debt such as credit cards, personal loans, council tax, store cards, shortfalls…etc. This can all be done within a realistic timeframe, typically 4 years. A trust deed can only be arranged and administered by a licensed insolvency practitioner (trustee). Who can enter a trust deed? A trust deed is available to people who’ve been living in Scotland for more than six months and who have debt of £5,000 or more. There are many factors that can influence your eligibility for a trust deed, including: Homeowner equity How much you can afford to pay Your debt level Who your debts are with You can qualify as a homeowner (depending on your equity, don’t worry we will check this as part of the trust deed process), a private tenant, a council tenant, or someone who lives with their parents. If you own your home, your Trust Deed Scotland advisor will explain to you how you can protect it. Find out if you’re eligible for a trust deed with our Trust Deed Debt Calculator."
},
{
"docid": "D1300971#0",
"title": "https://www.avvo.com/legal-answers/what-does-it-mean-when-someone-is-the-grantee-of-a-1123423.html\n\"What does it mean when someone is the grantee of a deed of trust that also says \"\" Tran As gt Rent ?\"",
"text": "\"Q&AAsked in Sacramento, CA | February 18, 2013 Save What does it mean when someone is the grantee of a deed of trust that also says \"\" Tran As gt Rent ? I am the successor trustee of my moms home-so I was just wondering. Trusts Trustee Successor trustee Show 1 more Ask a lawyer - it's free! Browse related questions1 attorney answers Clayton Harold Walker Jr.7 reviews Business Attorney | Anchorage, AKReveal number Private message Posted on Feb 19, 2013The grantor of a deed of trust is the one giving the security interest. The Grantee of the deed of trust is receiving the benefits of the deed of trust. The term \"\"Tran As gt Rent\"\" looks like it should probably be Transfer Agent Rent. The trustee of the deed of trust may have exercised rights to recover rents on the premises... More0 found this answer helpful | 2 lawyers agree Mark as helpful 0 comments See more Trusts lawyers More questions like this Who can be listed as the Trustee/Grantee on a Deed of Trust? Manchester, MO | 1 attorney answer Deed included \"\"heirs, successors, and assigns\"\" of the grantee. What does that mean? Coral Springs, FL | 3 attorney answers What does an affidavit of successor trustee mean?"
},
{
"docid": "D2356409#0",
"title": "http://www.karmayog.com/formation.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Formation of Charitable Trust Introduction A public charitable or religious institution can be formed either as a Trust or as a Society or as a Company registered u/s 25 of the Companies Act. It generally takes the form of a trust when it is formed primarily by one or more persons. To form a Society at least seven persons are required. Institutions engaged in promotion of art, culture, commerce etc. are often registered as non-profit companies. These forms are enumerated as under : Charitable Trust settled by a settlor by a Trust Deed or under a Will. Charitable or religious institution / association can be formed as a society. Charitable institution can be formed by registering as a company u/s. 25 of the Companies Act, 1956, as non profit company (without addition to their name, the word \"\"Limited\"\" or \"\"Private Limited\"\"). Who can form a Charitable or Religious Trust As per section 7 of the Indian Trusts Act, a trust can be formed –by every person competent to contract, andby or on behalf of a minor, with the permission of a principal civil court of original jurisdiction.but subject in each case to the law for the time being in force as to the circumstances and extent in and to which the Author of the Trust may dispose of the Trust property."
},
{
"docid": "D2175536#0",
"title": "http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/state-law-determines-who-can-conduct-nonjudicial-foreclosures.html\nState Law Determines Who Can Conduct Nonjudicial Foreclosures",
"text": "If you are a struggling homeowner facing a nonjudicial foreclosure, state law often determines who can act as a trustee and conduct the foreclosure proceedings. In some states, the foreclosing trustee must be a resident in the state or have business offices in the state. Yet some lenders use national banks to act as trustees, even though those trustee don't meet state requirements. Recently, two states (Utah and Washington) made clear that a national bank cannot act as a trustee when foreclosing in their states. Related Products MOREChapter 13 Bankruptcy Credit Repair How to File for Chapter 7 Bankruptcy The Foreclosure Survival Guide Read on to learn more about the trustee’s role in a nonjudicial foreclosure and how you can fight the foreclosure if the trustee is not authorized to conduct foreclosures in your state. ( To learn the ins and outs of the foreclosure process, visit our Foreclosure Center . ) Nonjudicial Foreclosures If your loan is secured by a deed of trust, which is typical in certain states, the foreclosure will probably be nonjudicial. In a nonjudicial foreclosure, the lender can foreclose without going to court so long as the deed of trust contains a power of sale clause. ( To learn more about nonjudicial foreclosures, visit Nolo's Judicial v. Nonjudicial Foreclosure page.) ( To find out if you live in a state that permits nonjudicial foreclosures, check our Summary of State Foreclosure Laws . )"
},
{
"docid": "D770254#0",
"title": "http://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/4606/what-is-a-discretionary-trust-and-what-are-the-ben.aspx\nWhat is a discretionary trust and what are the benefits?",
"text": "Home » What is a discretionary trust and what are the benefits? What is a discretionary trust and what are the benefits? Tweet By Greg Rostron What is a Trust? A trust is a relationship where a person (the Trustee) is under an obligation to hold property for the benefit of other persons (the Beneficiaries). The terms of the obligation are defined by the terms of the Trust Deed entered into between the Trustee and the Settlor. The Trustee is the legal owner of the trust property and the beneficiaries hold the beneficial interest in the trust property. What is a Discretionary Trust? In a discretionary trust (or family trust) the beneficiaries do not have a fixed entitlement or interest in the trust funds. The trustee has the discretion to determine which of the beneficiaries are to receive the capital and income of the trust and how much each beneficiary is to receive. The trustee does not have a complete discretion."
},
{
"docid": "D3284926#0",
"title": "https://www.deeds.com/information/\nProbate and Real Property: Rhode Island Edition",
"text": "\"Probate and Real Property: Rhode Island Edition An important part of being a responsible property owner is estate planning and deciding one's intentions in the event of death. When a person dies, applicable assets become part of the estate and are subject to administration in probate. Probate is t... Understanding the Different Types of Oklahoma Personal Representative's Deeds Probate is the legal process of validating a person's will and settling his or her estate after death. This includes distributing the deceased's property to those entitled to receive it. Probate procedures are codified at Title 58 of the Oklahoma Sta... Transferring Probate Realty in Oregon Probate is the legal process of settling a decedent's estate and distributing property to those entitled to receive it, whether by devise of a will or laws of intestate succession. The laws for probate are codified at Title 12 of the Oregon Revised S... Ohio Fiduciary Deeds for Administrators and Executors Probate is the legal process of settling a decedent's estate and distributing the remaining assets to beneficiaries. Distributions of a decedent's property are made according to the terms of a probated will (for testate estates) or pursuant to Ohio's... Realty Talk: Probate and the Devolution of Real Property in North Dakota Probate is the legal process of settling an estate and distributing the remaining assets pursuant to the decedent's will or, if the decedent died without a will, according to the laws of intestate succession in the relevant jurisdiction. The district... Homestead Exemptions and Living Trusts: a Look at California, Florida, and Texas The information presented in this article is not all-encompassing, nor is it meant to be construed as professional legal advice. Because homestead exemption laws are complicated, consult a qualified attorney with questions regarding homestead exempti... Gifts of Real Property A gift deed, or deed of gift, is a legal document voluntarily transferring title to real property from one party (the grantor or donor) to another (the grantee or donee), typically between family members or close friends. Gift deeds are also used to ... Quitclaim Deeds and Divorce Quitclaim deeds are documents used to transfer the owner's interest (if any) in real property to someone else, with no warranties of title."
},
{
"docid": "D313816#0",
"title": "https://www.thebalance.com/definition-of-deed-of-trust-1798782\nDefinition of Deed of Trust",
"text": "\"Home Buying Market Facts & Trends Definition of Deed of Trust A Deed of Trust is Not Used in Every State Share Flip Pin Email•••By Elizabeth Weintraub Updated February 18, 2018Most buyers sign a deed of trust at the closing table, along with a ton of other documents. The amount of paperwork home buyers sign at closing is astounding. By the time a buyer signs the deed of trust, it can become just one more piece of paper, although it is considered, coupled with the prom note, to be the most important. Most of those documents will be generated by the buyer's lender. By signing without reading, it can take buyers almost an hour to finish. Although, every once in a while, I will attend a closing with buyers who actually take time to read the documents, and that is refreshing. It is perfectly OK to spend time asking questions about paperwork that could take you 30 years to repay. What is a Deed of Trust? If you have never read a deed of trust, you might have questions about it. After all, it is the security for your loan."
},
{
"docid": "D2530164#0",
"title": "http://www.howtolaw.co/understand-trusts-392075\n.",
"text": "\"How to understand trusts Introduction What is a trust? A trust is the legal relationship created when a person (the \"\"settlor\"\") places assets under the control of a person (the \"\"trustee\"\") for the benefit of some other person or people (the \"\"beneficiaries\"\") or for a specified purpose. The assets transferred to the trustees become their property, but they hold the assets on trust for the beneficiaries. The trustees are therefore the nominal owners of the property, but they have a legal obligation to deal with the property in the manner set out in the trust deed. Often there is more than one trustee. There may also be more than one settlor of a trust. \"\" Fixed\"\" and \"\"discretionary\"\" trusts Fixed (or non-discretionary) trusts - With this type of trust, the number of beneficiaries and their relative shares are fixed at the outset. For example, a trust might be established for a handicapped child to ensure that the child will be properly cared for if the parents or guardians die. Discretionary trusts - Here, the trust deed gives the trustees a discretion about matters such as who may be a beneficiary and what each beneficiary's share will be. Discretionary trusts are more common than fixed trusts; nowadays, most family trusts are discretionary."
},
{
"docid": "D1158908#0",
"title": "https://www.rocketlawyer.com/document/deed-of-trust.rl\nDeed of Trust basics",
"text": "Deed of Trust basics Unless you're a professional athlete or movie star, chances are you'll need a loan to buy your dream house. When you get that loan, however, you will be required to sign a Deed of Trust (or a Mortgage Agreement depending on your state) as security or collateral for the loan. If the loan is not repaid on time, the lender can foreclose on and sell the property in order to pay off the loan. Use the Deed of Trust document if: You're loaning money to another person or business and want to hold an interest in certain property they own as security until they repay their debt. You're borrowing money and want to offer your property as security to the lender. Other names for a Deed of Trust: Trust Deed, Deed of Trust Form How a Deed of Trust is different from a Mortgage: If you look at the big picture, a Deed of Trust functions similarly to a Mortgage. Namely, a buyer secures a loan so he or she can buy a house, then the lender protects that loan with a deed or a mortgage. But there are a few important differences to keep in mind. For starters, a Deed of Trust is usually not created by a bank. In fact, there’s a third party involved during Deeds of Trust."
}
] |
8368 | who discovered the structure of dna | [
{
"docid": "D1342648#0",
"title": "http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/watson-and-crick-discover-chemical-structure-of-dna\nWatson and Crick discover chemical structure of DNA",
"text": "Lead Story1953Watson and Crick discover chemical structure of DNAShare this:facebook twitter google+Print Cite On this day in 1953, Cambridge University scientists James D. Watson and Francis H. C. Crick announce that they have determined the double-helix structure of DNA, the molecule containing human genes. Though DNA–short for deoxyribonucleic acid–was discovered in 1869, its crucial role in determining genetic inheritance wasn’t demonstrated until 1943. In the early 1950s, Watson and Crick were only two of many scientists working on figuring out the structure of DNA. California chemist Linus Pauling suggested an incorrect model at the beginning of 1953, prompting Watson and Crick to try and beat Pauling at his own game. On the morning of February 28, they determined that the structure of DNA was a double-helix polymer, or a spiral of two DNA strands, each containing a long chain of monomer nucleotides, wound around each other. According to their findings, DNA replicated itself by separating into individual strands, each of which became the template for a new double helix. In his best-selling book, The Double Helix (1968), Watson later claimed that Crick announced the discovery by walking into the nearby Eagle Pub and blurting out that “we had found the secret of life.” The truth wasn’t that far off, as Watson and Crick had solved a fundamental mystery of science–how it was possible for genetic instructions to be held inside organisms and passed from generation to generation. Watson and Crick’s solution was formally announced on April 25, 1953, following its publication in that month’s issue of Nature magazine. The article revolutionized the study of biology and medicine."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1881903#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalyn_Franklin\nRosalind Franklin",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Rosalyn Franklin)navigation search Rosalind Franklin Born Rosalind Elsie Franklin 25 July 1920 Notting Hill, London, UKDied 16 April 1958 (aged 37) Chelsea, London, UKCause of death Ovarian cancer Resting place Willesden United Synagogue Cemetery51.5447°N 0.2399°WNationality English Education St Paul's Girls' School Alma mater University of Cambridge (Ph D)Known for Structure of DNAFine structure of coal and graphite Virus structures Scientific career Fields Physical chemistry X-ray crystallography Institutions British Coal Utilisation Research Association Laboratoire Central des Services Chimiques de l'État Birkbeck, University of London King's College London Thesis The physical chemistry of solid organic colloids with special reference to coal (1945)Doctoral students Raymond Gosling Rosalind Elsie Franklin (25 July 1920 – 16 April 1958) [1] was an English chemist and X-ray crystallographer who made contributions to the understanding of the molecular structures of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid), viruses, coal, and graphite. [ 2] Although her works on coal and viruses were appreciated in her lifetime, her contributions to the discovery of the structure of DNA were largely recognised posthumously. Born to a prominent British Jewish family, Franklin was educated at a private day school at Norland Place in West London, Lindores School for Young Ladies in Sussex, and St Paul's Girls' School, London. Then she studied the Natural Sciences Tripos at Newnham College, Cambridge, from which she graduated in 1941. Earning a research fellowship, she joined the University of Cambridge physical chemistry laboratory under Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, who disappointed her for his lack of enthusiasm. [ 3] Fortunately, the British Coal Utilisation Research Association (BCURA) offered her a research position in 1942, and started her work on coals. This helped her earn a Ph. D. in 1945. [ 4] She went to Paris in 1947 as a chercheur (post-doctoral researcher) under Jacques Mering at the Laboratoire Central des Services Chimiques de l'Etat, where she became an accomplished X-ray crystallographer. She became a research associate at King's College London in 1951 and worked on X-ray diffraction studies, which would eventually facilitate the double helix theory of the DNA. ["
},
{
"docid": "D278191#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/19003971/biology-dna-flash-cards/\nBiology DNA",
"text": "60 terms maiakatharine1Biology DNAQuestions for a Biology Test on DNA and pedigrees. Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Four Nitrogen Bases Adonine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine Cytosine forms a hydrogen bond with? Guanine Adonine forms a hydrogen bond with? Thymine What is DNA's job? To carry the genetic information of an organism What is replication? The production of a new copy of an organism's genetic information which is passed on to a new cell What is a double helix? The double coiled shape of DNAWhat are the two Nucleic Acids? DNA and RNADefine Nucleotides?"
},
{
"docid": "D1914853#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_were_molecules_discovered\nWhen were molecules discovered?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Chemistry When were molecules discovered? Flag When were molecules discovered? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. The idea of a molecule has been around since as early as the fifth century. Far later, around the seventeenth century intelligent scientists such as Epicurus, Democritus and Leucippus suggested that such a thing really did exist. That idea continued to evolve and nowadays is far more advanced.29 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Albarz 3,733 Contributions Who discovered molecules? At the time in which he lived, the word 'molecule' was used for all basic particles of matter, including atoms. The Italian, Amadeo Avogadro believed that there were three dif …Jessicaacissej 9 Contributions Who discovered the structure of the DNA molecule? Francis Crick and James Watson DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) appears likely to have evolved from the much simpler molecule, RNA."
},
{
"docid": "D87307#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/In_which_year_was_DNA_discovered\nIn which year was DNA discovered?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Biology Genetics In which year was DNA discovered? Flag In which year was DNA discovered? Edit Answer by Timgreat Confidence votes 88DNA was discovered by a Swiss scientist, Friedrich Miescher, in 1869. In 1953 James Watson and Francis Crick proposed the double-helix structure for the molecule, and by 1966 the genetic code (i.e. which amino acids were coded for by which sequences of DNA bases, and what the remaining codons \"\"meant\"\", ) had been completely worked out. __________________________________________________________________________ While examining the DNA molecule, Watson and Crick (1953), proposed a satisfactory model for the arrangement of these constituents. For this important contribution to science they were given the 1962 Nobel Prize. They hypothesized from X-ray analysis of the molecule that DNA consists of two strands, twisted in a spiral (or helix) shape. This shape resembles a twisted ladder with rungs between the two uprights. The \"\"uprights\"\" of this ladder are made entirely of alternating phosphate and sugar molecules. The rungs are composed only of the nitrogen bases, which are attached to the sugar."
},
{
"docid": "D749068#0",
"title": "https://www.thoughtco.com/double-helix-373302\nUnderstanding the Double Helix Structure of DNA",
"text": "\"Science, Tech, Math ›Science Understanding the Double Helix Structure of DNAShare Flipboard Email Print DNA Double Helix. Credit: Andrey Prokhorov/E+/Getty Imagesby Regina Bailey Updated March 13, 2018In biology, double helix is a term used to describe the structure of DNA. A DNA double helix consists of two spiral chains of deoxyribonucleic acid. The shape is similar to that of spiral staircase. DNA is a nucleic acid composed of nitrogenous bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine), a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), and phosphate molecules. The nucleotide bases of DNA represent the stair steps of the staircase and the deoxyribose and phosphate molecules form the sides of the staircase. Why Is DNA Twisted? DNA is coiled into chromosomes and tightly packed in the nucleus of our cells. The twisting aspect of DNA is a result of interactions between the molecules that comprise DNA and water. The nitrogenous bases that compose the steps of the twisted staircase are held together by hydrogen bonds."
},
{
"docid": "D1570180#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/54730148/double-helix-flash-cards/\nDouble Helix",
"text": "\"44 terms Farrow219Double Helix Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Who wrote the introduction to The Double Helix? Sylvia Nasar who was the author of A Beautiful Mind Which is the biography of John Nash, a mathematician Author of The Double Helix? James D. Watson Born on April 6, 1928 in Chicago, Illinois Where did Watson go to college? University of Chicago With whom did Watson collaborate with which resulted in the proposal of the structure of DNA? Francis Crick Where did Watson and Crick do their work on the structure of DNA? At \"\"The Cavendish\"\", a dumpy, run-down lab at Cambridge University in England. What year did Watson and Crick have their findings of the structure of DNA published? June of 1953In what scientific journal was their work on DNA published?"
},
{
"docid": "D1558210#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watson\nJames Watson",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other people named James Watson, see James Watson (disambiguation). James Watson James Watson Born James Dewey Watson April 6, 1928 (age 90) [1]Chicago, Illinois, United States Nationality United States Alma mater University of Chicago (B. S., 1947)Indiana University (Ph. D., 1950)Known for DNA structure Molecular biology Spouse (s) Elizabeth Watson (née Lewis) ( m. 1968)Awards Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research (1960)Nobel Prize (1962)John J. Carty Award (1971)For Mem RS (1981) [2]EMBO Membership (1985) [3]Copley Medal (1993) [2] [4]Lomonosov Gold Medal (1994)Scientific career Fields Genetics Institutions Indiana University Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Laboratory of Molecular Biology Harvard University University of Cambridge National Institutes of Health Thesis The Biological Properties of X-Ray Inactivated Bacteriophage (1951)Doctoral advisor Salvador Luria Doctoral students Mario Capecchi [5]Bob Horvitz Charles Kurland Peter D. Moore Joan Steitz [6]Other notable students Ewan Birney [7]Ronald W. Davis (postdoc)Phillip Allen Sharp (postdoc)Richard J. Roberts (postdoc) [8]John Tooze (postdoc) [9] [10]Signature James Dewey Watson (born April 6, 1928) is an American molecular biologist, geneticist and zoologist, best known as one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA in 1953 with Francis Crick and Rosalind Franklin. Watson, Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine \"\"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\"\". Watson earned degrees at the University of Chicago ( BS, 1947) and Indiana University ( Ph D, 1950). Following a post-doctoral year at the University of Copenhagen with Herman Kalckar and Ole Maaloe, later Watson worked at the University of Cambridge 's Cavendish Laboratory in England, where he first met his future collaborator and friend Francis Crick. From 1956 to 1976, Watson was on the faculty of the Harvard University Biology Department, promoting research in molecular biology. From 1968 he served as director of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), greatly expanding its level of funding and research. At CSHL, he shifted his research emphasis to the study of cancer, along with making it a world leading research center in molecular biology. In 1994, he started as president and served for 10 years."
},
{
"docid": "D3201610#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Structure_of_DNA\nWhat is the structure of DNA?",
"text": "What is the structure of DNA? DNA has both primary and secondary structures, on a primary level it is made up of three main molecules a sugar and phosphate group backbone and attached to this backbone on o …Alliev12 48 Contributions Describe the structure of DNA? The structure of DNA is very famous; it is a double helix. Two spirals wrap around eachother. Sugar-phosphate backbones with bases on the inside Jazz M 28,354 Contributions A veterinarian with a love of animals, history and tea. Structure of DNA molecules? DNA is made up of many nucleotides. These are a sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases. The two strands form a double helix (a spiral) with the nitrogenous bases in th …Codename Kingfisher 15 Contributions The structure of DNA was discovered by? James Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins, thanks to the work of Rosalind Franklin."
},
{
"docid": "D1455707#0",
"title": "http://biology.about.com/od/biologydictionary/g/doublehelix.htm\nUnderstanding the Double Helix Structure of DNA",
"text": "\"Science, Tech, Math ›Science Understanding the Double Helix Structure of DNAShare Flipboard Email Print DNA Double Helix. Credit: Andrey Prokhorov/E+/Getty Imagesby Regina Bailey Updated March 13, 2018In biology, double helix is a term used to describe the structure of DNA. A DNA double helix consists of two spiral chains of deoxyribonucleic acid. The shape is similar to that of spiral staircase. DNA is a nucleic acid composed of nitrogenous bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine), a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), and phosphate molecules. The nucleotide bases of DNA represent the stair steps of the staircase and the deoxyribose and phosphate molecules form the sides of the staircase. Why Is DNA Twisted? DNA is coiled into chromosomes and tightly packed in the nucleus of our cells. The twisting aspect of DNA is a result of interactions between the molecules that comprise DNA and water. The nitrogenous bases that compose the steps of the twisted staircase are held together by hydrogen bonds."
},
{
"docid": "D3334578#0",
"title": "https://io9.gizmodo.com/5761388/the-unsung-hero-who-discovered-the-double-helix\nThe Unsung Hero Who Discovered The Double Helix",
"text": "\"The Unsung Hero Who Discovered The Double Helix Annalee Newitz2/15/11 5:56pm Filed to: secret history 57 3It's commonly believed that James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the double helix shape of DNA. But in fact, they based their work on one of their colleagues at King's College in London - Rosalind Franklin, an x-ray diffraction expert whose images of DNA proteins in the early 1950s revealed a helix shape. It wasn't until they saw Franklin's work that Watson and Crick began hunting for the long, braided twist that turned out to be DNA's true shape. Why wasn't Franklin honored for her contributions? Many have argued that her early death prevented her from getting the recognition she deserved, since Nobel Prizes can only go to living people. Others have suggested something slightly more sinister. Image by suravid/Shutterstock Franklin's groundbreaking work was so good that she was able to secure a highly coveted position in the biology department at a top university - even though she lived at a time when it was widely believed that women could not become scientists. And yet she could not have casual meetings with colleagues in her own college's Common Room, which was reserved for men only. To be fair, many of her scientifically-minded colleagues also avoided the Common Room, which was said to be packed with stuffy old reverends. And yet the same prejudices that prevented her from entering the Common Room appear to have bled over into her colleagues' views of her."
},
{
"docid": "D857051#0",
"title": "http://www.livescience.com/39804-rosalind-franklin.html\nRosalind Franklin: Biography & Discovery of DNA Structure",
"text": "\"Live Science Health Reference: Rosalind Franklin: Biography & Discovery of DNA Structure By Mary Bagley, Live Science Contributor | September 19, 2013 05:20pm ETMORERosalind Franklin Credit: National Institute of Health. Many people recall that the structure of the DNA molecule has the shape of a double helix. Some may even recall the names of the scientists who won the 1962 Nobel Prize in Medicine for modeling the structure of the molecule, and explaining how the shape lends itself to replication. James Watson and Francis Crick shared the Nobel Prize with Maurice Wilkins, but many people feel that much of the credit for this world-shaking achievement should rightfully go to someone who was absent from that stage, a woman named Rosalind Franklin. Rosalind Franklin was born July 25, 1920, and grew up in a well-known Jewish family in pre-World War II London, and was known in the family for being very clever and outspoken. Her parents sent her to St. Paul’s Girls’ School, a private school known for rigorous academics, including physics and chemistry. In an interview for PBS’ NOVA television episode titled \"\"The Secret of Photo 51,\"\" two of her friends recalled memories of Franklin’s school days. “She was best in science, best at maths, best in everything. She expected that if she undertook to do something, she would be in charge of it.” By the age of 15, over objections from her father, who thought she should go into social work; Franklin decided to become a scientist."
},
{
"docid": "D91992#0",
"title": "http://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-dna\nWhat is DNA?",
"text": "In: Facts In the Cell What is DNA? DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a long molecule that contains our unique genetic code. Like a recipe book it holds the instructions for making all the proteins in our bodies. Your genome? is made of a chemical called deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA for short. DNA contains four basic building blocks or ‘The order, or sequence, of these bases form the instructions in the genome. DNA is a two-stranded molecule. DNA has a unique ‘double helix’ shape, like a twisted ladder. An illustration to show the double helix structure of DNA. Image credit: Genome Research Limited Each strand is composed of long sequences of the four bases, A, C, G and T. The bases on one strand of the DNA molecule pair together with The bases always pair together in the same way, A with T, C with G. Each base pair is joined together by?."
},
{
"docid": "D1547882#0",
"title": "http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/samanthabarreto-1460781-fundamental-unit-life-cell/\nTHE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE - CELL",
"text": "THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE - CELLsamanthabarreto Download Share Add to Flag Embed Views: 25724 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Presentation Description CLASS 9Comments Presentation Transcript A TOUR OF THE CELL : A TOUR OF THE CELL the fundamental unit of life PRESENTATION BY: SAMANTHA BARRETOSlide 2: CELLS WERE FIRST DISCOVERED BY HIM IN 1665 ROBERT HOOKEROBERT HOOKE’S MICROSCOPE : ROBERT HOOKE’S MICROSCOPEROBERT OBSERVED : : ROBERT OBSERVED : CORK COMES FROM THE BARK OF THE TREE HONEY COMBROBERT CALLED : ROBERT CALLED THESE LITTLE COMPARTMENTS AS CELLS. CELL IS A LATIN WORD FOR ‘ A LITTLE ROOM’. COMPOUND MICROSCOPE : COMPOUND MICROSCOPEONION PEEL : ONION PEEL 1)THESE STRUCTURES LOOK SIMILAR TO EACH OTHER. 2) TOGETHER THEY FORM A BIG STRUCTURE LIKE AN ONION BULB. 3) THE CELLS OF AN ONION PEEL WILL ALL LOOK SAME,REGARDLESS OF THE SIZE OF THE ONION. 4) THESE SMALL STRUCTURES ARE THE BASIC BUILDING UNITS OF THE ONION BULB AND ARE CALLED CELLS. UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS : UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS ORGANISMS THAT HAVE A SINGLE CELL. AMOEBA PARAMOECIUM CHLAMYDOMONASMULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS : MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS ORGANISMS HAVING MORE THAN ONE CELL TO PERFORM VARIOUS FUNCTIONS. ANIMALS PLANTS FUNGIDIFFERENT CELLS : DIFFERENT CELLS BONE CELL OVUM SPERM BLOOD CELL NERVE CELL FAT CELLCELL : CELL A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. CELL : CELL THE SHAPE AND SIZE OF CELLS ARE RELATED TO THE SPECIFIC FUNCTION THEY PERFORM."
},
{
"docid": "D3228826#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/science/genetics\nGenetics",
"text": "Genetics, study of heredity in general and of genes in particular. Genetics forms one of the central pillars of biology and overlaps with many other areas, such as agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology.chromosome Chromosomes carry hereditary information in the form of genes. Created and produced by QA International. © QA International, 2010. All rights reserved. www.qa-international.com Since the dawn of civilization, humankind has recognized the influence of heredity and applied its principles to the improvement of cultivated crops and domestic animals. A Babylonian tablet more than 6,000 years old, for example, shows pedigree s of horses and indicates possible inherited characteristics. Other old carvings show cross- pollination of date palm trees. Most of the mechanisms of heredity, however, remained a mystery until the 19th century, when genetics as a systematic science began. Genetics arose out of the identification of genes, the fundamental units responsible for heredity."
},
{
"docid": "D2943732#0",
"title": "http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/tech/rosalind-franklin-legacy.html\nRosalind Franklin's Legacy",
"text": "\"share Rosalind Franklin's Legacy Posted 04.22.03 NOVAWhen it comes to her place in the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA, Rosalind Franklin has not received fair treatment. Or so maintains Lynne Osman Elkin, a professor of biological sciences at California State University, Hayward, who spends much of her time these days trying to clarify Franklin's significant role in one of the 20th century's greatest scientific achievements. In March 2003, Elkin published a lengthy article on Franklin in Physics Today, and she's hard at work on a biography. In this interview, hear what Elkin has to say about exactly where Franklin stands in her mind—and where Photo 51's creator ought to stand in the history books. Click on highlighted words or phrases for a glossary. With all she did to make Watson and Crick's discovery possible, Rosalind Franklin was essentially \"\"a de facto collaborator,\"\" says Lynne Osman Elkin. Enlarge Photo credit: © Novartis Foundation Within reach NOVA: How close did Franklin actually come to deciphering the structure of DNA? Elkin: She was very close. She had all the parameters of the helical backbone. She was the one who figured out that there were two forms of DNA, which made solving the whole structure possible."
},
{
"docid": "D3325497#0",
"title": "http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/evolution/before-watson-crick.html\nBefore Watson and Crick",
"text": "\"share Before Watson and Crick By Brenda Maddox Posted 04.22.03 NOVAThe first half of 20th-century science belonged to physics, with the general theory of relativity, quantum mechanics, and nuclear fission. The second half would belong to biology. In the post-war world, the secret of the gene—how hereditary characteristics pass from one generation to another—was the hottest topic in science. For a number of physicists who had worked on the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb, the post-war shift into biology was a stark exchange of the science of death for the science of life. But their conversion was as much intellectual as ideological. Biology was now where the action lay. The war had interrupted a line of investigation leading towards understanding the chemical basis of heredity. James Watson (left) and Francis Crick discovered the structure of DNA, but only by drawing on the work of many scientists who came before them, including Rosalind Franklin. Enlarge Photo credit: Corbis Seeking the genetic messenger That physical features are passed on by discrete units (later called genes) had been discovered in 1865 by the Austrian monk Gregor Mendel in his experiments with garden peas. Each gene determined a single characteristic, such as height or color, in the next generation of plant."
},
{
"docid": "D2255896#0",
"title": "http://www.visionlearning.com/en/library/Biology/2/DNA-II/160\nDNA II: The Structure of DNA",
"text": "\"Bookmark Glossary Terms Look around you. Most objects you are familiar with will eventually fall into ruin if not constantly maintained: a car will eventually rust and fall to pieces; a house will spring leaks in the roof and fall to the ground; even mountain ranges are eroded by wind and rain. Yet, life on Earth continues to flourish. Your children are no weaker or more likely to fall to pieces than you are. This is because living things have a fascinating and somewhat unique ability to reproduce and make \"\"copies\"\" of themselves. To do this, they must first copy their genetic material, their DNA (see our DNA I module for more information). And it is the unique chemical properties of DNA that allow it to generate copies of itself. As we all know, living things do eventually age and deteriorate, much like the old house and rusty car, but by making copies of our DNA and passing it to our offspring, life continues. The building blocks of DNAScientists first began to investigate the unique chemical properties of DNAlong before the structure of the molecule was understood, and even before DNA was discovered to be the genetic material. In the late 1800s, J. Friedrich Miescher, a Swiss chemist working in Germany, was studying white blood cells (leukocytes)."
},
{
"docid": "D397560#0",
"title": "https://www.genome.gov/25520880/\nDeoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)",
"text": "\"Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)What is DNA? Where is DNA found? What is DNA made of? What does DNA do? How are DNA sequences used to make proteins? Who discovered DNA? What is the DNA \"\"double helix? \"\" What is DNA? We all know that elephants only give birth to little elephants, giraffes to giraffes, dogs to dogs and so on for every type of living creature. But why is this so?"
},
{
"docid": "D624376#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/57418289/biology-chapter-4-flash-cards/\nBiology CHAPTER 4",
"text": "88 terms austin_jacobs65Biology CHAPTER 4Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Which reason best explains why dead specimens must be used with transmission electron microscopes? Specimens are placed in a vacuum. What was Rudolph Virchow's contribution to the cell theory? He concluded that all cells come from preexisting cells. A magnifying glass is an example of which type of microscope? simple microscope According to the cell theory, which structure contains cells? blood The first strands of DNA were observed through which microscope? electron microscope A new multicellular organism has been discovered, and scientists want to study the organism's cell structures, including organelles. Which microscope should they use? transmission electron microscope Which was the first cell viewed by the light microscope?"
},
{
"docid": "D3334580#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_scientist_discovered_the_shape_of_the_DNA_molecule\nWhich scientist discovered the shape of the DNA molecule?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Biology Genetics Which scientist discovered the shape of the DNA molecule? The question (1 issue)Edit Flags Which scientist discovered the shape of the DNA molecule? Answer by Amanda Masi Confidence votes 5Francis Crick and James Watson worked out that DNA was arranged in a double-helix shape. They were awarded the Nobel prize for their discovery. Although James Watson and Francis Crick are credited (and won the Nobel Prize) for discovering the shape and structure of DNA, Rosalind Franklin had a large part in their \"\"discovery,\"\" with her high quality x-ray crystallography images. They secretly used her x-ray diffraction pictures to put the pieces together (given their own inaccurate models) and Watson even went as far as to defame Rosalind as the vicious \"\"Rosy.\"\" So, in truth, Rosalind Franklin and James Watson and Francis Crick (and perhaps Rosalind's partner, Maurice Wilkins) discovered the shape of DNA. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962 but since this was after Franklin's death, it is often assumed that Franklin would have also shared the prize if she had lived.7 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Caringindividual 55 Contributions Who were the scientist who discovered DNA? Watson and Crick got the credit and the Nobel Prize, although Rosalind Franklin is thought to have contributed a lot to their success."
}
] |
8377 | who is dancing man | [
{
"docid": "D2548192#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dancing_Man\nDancing Man",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( March 2018) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)For the Los Angeles Clippers fan, see Clipper Darrell. For the 2009 viral video, see Colin Wynter. Dancing Man, Sydney, Australia, 15 August 1945The Dancing Man is the name given to the man who was filmed dancing on the street in Sydney, Australia, after the end of World War II. On 15 August 1945, a reporter took note of a man's joyful expression and dance and asked him to do it again. The man consented and was caught on motion picture film in an Australian edition of the newsreel Movietone News. The film and stills from it have taken on iconic status in Australian history and culture, and symbolise joyous elation to war's end. Contents [ hide ]1 Identity2 See also3 References4 External links Identity [ edit]There has been much debate as to the identity of the dancing man."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1374642#0",
"title": "http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2017/07/the-meanings-of-boujee-dab-dab-of-ranch.html\n\"The Meanings Of \"\"Boujee\"\", \"\"Dab\"\", \"\"Dab Of Ranch\"\", \"\"JuJu On The Beat\"\" & Some Other African American Vernacular English Terms From Viral Hip Hop Dance Songs\"",
"text": "\"The Meanings Of \"\"Boujee\"\", \"\"Dab\"\", \"\"Dab Of Ranch\"\", \"\"Ju Ju On The Beat\"\" & Some Other African American Vernacular English Terms From Viral Hip Hop Dance Songs Edited by Azizi Powell This pancocojams post provides definitions of and information about certain African American Vernacular English words from certain viral contemporary Hip Hop dance songs. Most of the dances that are mentioned in this post have been used in video dance challenges. This post includes lyrics for the portions of these songs that are used for dance challenges, but doesn't include descriptions of or instructions for these dances. The content of this post is presented for cultural, linguistic, and entertainment purposes. All copyrights remain with their owners. Thanks to all those who are quoted in this post and all those who are featured in these videos. Thanks also to the publishers of these videos on You Tube. WARNING: Although these songs/dances are or were very popular with children and preteens, some of them contain profanity, the \"\"n word\"\", sexually explicit references, and other content that I believe is inappropriate for those populations. Pancocojams posts on a number of the songs/dances that are mentioned in this post can be found by clicking on the \"\"African American Hip Hop\"\" tag or other tags that are given below in this post. **** ( PARTIAL) ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF CONTEMPORARY AFRICAN AMERICAN HIP HOP DANCE VERNACULAR WORDS (with a video example) BOUJEE Entry #1: From https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=bougie \"\"bougie In urban pop culture, the word bourgeoisie is shortened to \"\"bougie.\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D2210753#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taryn_Manning\nTaryn Manning",
"text": "\"Taryn Manning Manning at Paley Fest 2014, representing Orange Is the New Black Born November 6, 1978 (age 39)Falls Church, Virginia, U. S. Occupation Singer-songwriter, actress, fashion designer Musical career Genres Pop, alternative rock Instruments Vocals, guitar Years active 1999–present Labels Dreamworks, Little Vanilla Associated acts Boomkat, Mystic, Butch Walker, will.i.am Taryn Manning (born November 6, 1978) is an American actress, singer-songwriter, and fashion designer. Manning made her film debut in the teen drama Crazy/Beautiful (2001), followed by a lead part opposite Britney Spears in Crossroads (2002), which garnered her mainstream attention. She then appeared in 8 Mile (2002), White Oleander (2002), A Lot Like Love (2005) and Hustle & Flow (2005). Manning has also had a main role on Hawaii Five-0 and had recurring roles in television on Sons of Anarchy, and plays the role of Tiffany \"\"Pennsatucky\"\" Doggett in the Netflix original series Orange Is the New Black. Manning is the vocalist for the electronic duo Boomkat, and is also a co-owner of the clothing brand Born Uniqorn. [ 1]Contents [ hide ]1 Early life2 Acting career2.1 1999–2005: Beginnings2.2 2005–present: Independent films and breakthrough3 Music career3.1 2001–2011: Pop music beginnings and Boomkat3.2 2009–present: Solo career4 Other ventures5 Personal life5.1 Legal issues6 Filmography6.1 Film6.2 Television6.3 Music videos7 Discography7.1 Singles7.2 Other recordings8 Awards and nominations9 References10 External links Early life [ edit]Taryn Manning was born in Falls Church, Virginia, [2] the daughter of Bill Manning, a musician, and his wife, Sharyn Louise (White). [ 3] Manning's parents divorced when she was two months old, and her brother, Kellin, and she were raised by their mother in Tucson, Arizona. [ 4] [5] Manning grew up living in a trailer park with her brother and single mother, who supported the family on a strict income. \"\" My mom didn't buy herself a new pair of shoes and a new outfit until I moved out,\"\" said Manning. [ 6] \"\"Literally when I asked my mom for a dollar I got one single dollar.\"\" ["
},
{
"docid": "D2364825#0",
"title": "https://www.yidio.com/movie/save-the-last-dance/18931\nWatch Save the Last Dance",
"text": "\"Watch Save the Last Dance\"\"The Only Person You Need To Be Is Yourself. \"\" Add to Watchlist Save the Last Dance is a great movie. It takes place in New York. A white girl who loves to dance and has a chance at getting into one of the leading dance schools ends up moving in with her father after her mother passes away when she was involved in an accident. Her father and her have an estranged relationship to say the least. When she goes to live with her father, the girl has to change schools. It's in the ghetto of New York and she finds that as a white person, she is the minority. She meets a girl in the halls and the two become friends. When she goes to the club with a fake ID and meets the girl's brother she falls for him. She had given up on dance, but challenged him."
},
{
"docid": "D1648502#0",
"title": "http://www.refinedundignified.com/the-history-of-dance-in-the-church.html\nTHE HISTORY OF DANCE IN THE CHURCH",
"text": "\"THE HISTORY OF DANCE IN THE CHURCHI. INTRODUCTION – WHERE DOES DANCE BELONG IN THE CHURCH? A. The statement and relevance of dance and the church. From all the commands and regulations that Israel created in their attempts to be holy, Jesus came on the scene and summed them all up in two perfect commandments: “love the Lord with all your heart, soul, and mind, and love your neighbor as yourself.” In both Mark 12:30 and Luke 10:27 Jesus made the command even more holistic by including “strength”. These two commandments should both guide and be a measure of proof that a Christian is living a genuinely authentic Christian life pleasing to the Lord. Clearly, God calls His children to worship Him, and from that worship, there should be an outward expression of love for Him that comes from participation of all one’s heart, soul and mind and strength because He is worthy to be praised! From this expression of worship that God commands and still desires for His people, dance has a significant place in worship of Him. The full description of ‘heart, soul and mind and strength’ reveals a wholeness of intent for genuine worship of God, which has been lost in our present age. Jesus also commands the Church to “go into all the world and preach the good news”, as is the great commission."
},
{
"docid": "D1308662#0",
"title": "http://www.rounddancing.net/dance/glossary.html\nROUND DANCING â CHOREOGRAPHED BALLROOM",
"text": "\"Glossary of Dance Terms and Common Abbreviations Steps, Actions, and Other Notation Abbreviations Description Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations from Ballroom Dancers.com Dance Dictionary from Webref Acknowledge ack Recognize your partner with an implied \"\"thank you for gracing me with your company.\"\" One standard acknowledgement is an \"\"apart, point.\"\" A bit more old-fashioned is the bow and curtsey. Nowadays, we are more and more seeing \"\"together, touch\"\" or \"\"together and shape\"\" or \"\"gather her to closed\"\" (which are much the same thing); box finish; and off we dance. Across acrs Movement across the direction of dance. The step is taken in front of or behind the supporting foot (usually with \"\"contra\"\" body movement - see below). Action A movement that does not involve a step or a change of weight, such as a bow, kick, or hip twist. Adjust adj Modifying the size of the step, the amount of turn, or any other feature in order to achieve grace and comfort. One adjusts to the movements of one's partner and in preparation for the next figure. Aerial In the air."
},
{
"docid": "D2022533#0",
"title": "http://www.askmen.com/entertainment/austin_400/467_why-real-men-dance.html\nWhy Real Men Dance",
"text": "Why Real Men Dance Ryan Mc Kee Share Tweet 0Shares At some point in the recent past in North America, dancing started being considered a non-masculine thing to do. Men in other cultures don’t even question whether they should dance or not. We've gotten into the bad habit of not even trying to dance. Women hate that. They grew up loving Flashdance, Dirty Dancing, Save the Last Dance, and Step Up. Love for the man who keeps the beat is inherent in women. So, it’s time to drop the attitude and refuse to be a walking American stereotype. Junior high students sit on opposite sides of the dance floor because they’re scared of the opposite sex. You want to wake up in bed with the opposite sex? The first step toward that could be a two-step and spin move."
},
{
"docid": "D2548194#0",
"title": "http://www.people.com/article/dancing-man-getting-dance-party-pharrell\nBullied 'Dancing Man' Is Getting the Party of a Lifetime â and Even Pharrell Wants In",
"text": "Celebrity Bullied 'Dancing Man' Is Getting the Party of a Lifetime – and Even Pharrell Wants In Courtesy @Cassandra Rules Tara Fowler March 07, 2015 01:00 PMA man who was body-shamed for dancing at a concert is now getting the party of a lifetime after his story went viral this week. Photos making fun of the “Dancing Man,” as the Internet has dubbed him, first surfaced online last month on message board 4chan. “ Spotted this specimen trying to dance the other week,” wrote the anonymous user. “ He stopped when he saw us laughing. ”This caught the attention of Cassandra Fairbanks, a writer at The Free Thought Project in Los Angeles. She posted the pic on Twitter in an attempt to track down the man in question. “Anyone know this man or who posted this?” she wrote on Thursday. “ There’s a huge group of ladies in LA who would like to do something special. ”Anyone know this man or who posted this?"
},
{
"docid": "D1806#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangnam_Style_(music_video)\nGangnam Style (music video)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Gangnam Style Psy (below) and Noh Hong-chul (above) in the elevator scene in the music video of \"\"Gangnam Style\"\". Website You Tube Published July 15, 2012 (premiere)October 19, 2012 (download)Filmed by Cho Soo-hyun Uploader Psy Under the name officialpsy Duration 4: 12Starring Psy Hwang Min-woo Yoo Jae-suk Noh Hong-chul Hyuna of 4Minute Category music The music video of \"\" Gangnam Style \"\" by recording artist Psy is currently the fourth most viewed and the fourth most liked video on You Tube. It was directed by Cho Soo-hyun. The music video was filmed in Seoul for 48 straight hours. The video was premiered on July 15, 2012 and was later made available to download digitally on October 19. [ 1] In the music video Psy \"\"pokes fun at the style of Seoul's Gangnam-gu, a flashy district with high rents, high expectations and a focus on the high-status lifestyle\"\". [ 2] In December 2012, the music video was the first to hit 1 billion views on the video-sharing website You Tube and in June 2014 the video had surpassed 2 billion views. [ 3] [4] By February 2018, the number of views have grown to 3.1 billion. The music video won accolades from various award-giving bodies like Mnet Asian Music Awards and Melon Music Awards. Contents [ hide ]1 Production2 Synopsis3 Popularity3.1 Records3.2 View count4 Reception5 See also6 Notes7 References8 External links Production [ edit]The music video is directed by Cho Soo-hyun, who also directed the music video for Psy's follow-up single \"\" Gentleman \"\" and the music video for \"\" This Love \"\" by Shinhwa. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3332205#0",
"title": "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2405172/World-Championship-Tango-Buenos-Aires-sex-couples-make-debut-line-up.html\nThe FIRST tango in Buenos Aires: World championships draw to a red hot close after same-sex couples make their debut in line-up",
"text": "\"The FIRST tango in Buenos Aires: World championships draw to a red hot close after same-sex couples make their debut in line-up By Daily Mail Reporter Published: 21:53 EDT, 28 August 2013 | Updated: 06:22 EDT, 29 August 2013215View comments The World Championship of Tango have drawn to a breathtaking close and, as expected, it was the Argentine couples who stole the show. Jesica Arfenoni and Maximiliano Cristiani dazzled the judges at the event held in the Luna Park Arena in Buenos Aires, winning the Salon Tango event with fellow Argentines Guido Palacios and Florencia Castilla, winning the Stage Tango. More than 500 couples from 37 countries have been competing in the two-week tango festival. The winners each received £4,500 and plane tickets to Paris, where they're expected to perform. The Tango originated in Argentina in the late 19th century and the passionate and playful dance is now an important part of the country's cultural heritage. Scroll down for video highlights Hot stuff: Argentina's Jose Luis Salvo and Yuki Misaki strike a passionate pose during the Stage Tango competition of the Tango World Championship in Buenos Aires It takes two: Facundo Ruiz Diaz and Agostina Tarchini from Argentina compete in the Stage style event helt at the Luna Park arena in Buenos Aires Eastern promise: Dancers Dmitry Vasin, left, and Esmer Omerova, right, from Russia hold their own against tough competition for the Argentinian dancers Same sex couple Daniel Alejandro Arroyo Miranda of Venezuela and Juan Pablo Ramirez of Argentina show it only takes two, whatever the gender, to enjoy a good tango This year's championship brought an unusual twist as for the first time judges allowed same-sex couples, with three male pairs and one female pair, taking to the floor. A massive cheer rang out when Juan Pablo Ramirez, 34 and his partner Daniel Arroyo, 18, took to the dance floor to a 1940s classic. ' It takes two to tango,' Ramirez said after the performance. ' But they don't necessarily have to be different sexes. ' RELATED ARTICLESPrevious 1 Next A very big read: Europe's largest public library set to open... All the Dambusters heroes: Photographs of the 113 men who... Share this article While the sight of two men locked in a passionate would have raised a few eyebrows among the more conservative members of the audience it actually harks back to the dance's beginnings in the 1890s."
},
{
"docid": "D2404621#0",
"title": "http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/gloria-2014\nGloria",
"text": "\"Gloria| Susan Wloszczyna January 24, 2014 | 21 May Contain Spoilers Print Page Tweet Gloria, \"\"Gloria\"\" —hallelujah! Your truth has marched its way into my heart. There is that feeling you get inside when a movie suddenly starts to push your every button, creating an emotional connection that goes beyond pure reason and mere emotion. It elevates your mood to such a point that you wish you could hug the screen out of sheer joy and recognition. That is what \"\"Gloria\"\" did to me. The Chilean-Spanish production that somehow did not make the cut as a best foreign-language Oscar candidate is a bit of a throwback to the '70s, the liberated era that gave us \"\" An Unmarried Woman \"\", \"\" Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore \"\" and \"\" The Goodbye Girl \"\". It was a time when female characters over 30 or even 40 were allowed to not only have great sex, but also were given the chance to re-examine the choices they made at this stage—especially with men—and transform into the person they were always meant to be. Advertisement\"\"Gloria\"\" covers similar territory, but with a difference. Jill Clayburgh's divorcee in \"\"An Unmarried Woman\"\" could afford one-on-one therapy, had a gaggle of gal pals to turn to for support and toiled in an upscale Soho art gallery. As for Gloria, brought to, yes, glorious life by actress Paulina Garcia, she's a formerly wed, 50-ish office worker in Santiago who laughs easily, wails along to the sappy love songs on her car radio and craves new adventures whether bungee-jumping, smoking pot or spur-of-the-moment getaways."
},
{
"docid": "D683984#0",
"title": "https://www.pinterest.com/pin/243053711116121623/\nExplore Benedict Cumberbatch Wedding and more!",
"text": "\"Amy, Magizoologist on Benedict Cumberbatch Wedding Tom Hiddleston Benedict Cumberbatch Loki Sherlock Tom Hiddleston Sherlock Benedict Sherlock British Men Toms Tom Hiddleton Marvel Man Evolution of perfection! Benedict Cumberbatch and Tom Hiddleston. The last one is my favorite. See More Sherlock Otter Sherlock Holmes Sherlock Humor Sherlock Bbc Funny Love You Meme Love Memes I Love It Benedict Cumberbatch Wedding Benedict Cumberbatch Sherlock Funny pictures about Benedict Cumberbatch Reenacts Otter Memes. Oh, and cool pics about Benedict Cumberbatch Reenacts Otter Memes. Also, Benedict Cumberbatch Reenacts Otter Memes photos. See More Gates Chris Hemsworth Chris D'elia Tom Hiddleston Sherlock Tom Hiddleston Benedict Cumberbatch Loki Sherlock Heavens And Then So True Benedict Cumberbatch & Tom Hiddleston are too polite. I can actually see this happening. See More Tom S Man Crush Tom Hiddleston Sherlock Tom Hiddleston Benedict Cumberbatch Hot Men British Boys Fandoms Fatale Fangirl*can't breath* *calms down bc realizes it's not real* *sad bc it's not real* (I second this comment) of course you can See More Tom Hiddleston Funny Tumblr Tom Hiddleston Loki Thomas William Hiddleston Hilarious Stuff Toms Avengers Superheroes Loki Avengers Marvel Dc Comics Tumblers Tom Hiddleston Wiley I've got this one pinned already (I think) but I'm absolutely positive he must have this reaction when he sees the crap people post! He is so lovely though and I'm sure he must laugh too."
},
{
"docid": "D3448355#0",
"title": "https://wethenorthcanada.wordpress.com/2014/11/29/native-american-religion/\nNative American religion",
"text": "Native American religion Posted on November 29, 2014 by mugadonna From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Native American religions are the spiritual practices of the Indigenous peoples in North America. Traditional Native American ceremonial ways can vary widely, and are based on the differing histories and beliefs of individual tribes, clans and bands. Early European explorers describe individual Native American tribes and even small bands as each having their own religious practices. Theology may be monotheistic, polytheistic, henotheistic, animistic, or some combination thereof. Traditional beliefs are usually passed down in the forms of oral histories, stories, allegories and principles, and rely on face to face teaching in one’s family and community. Bear Butte, in South Dakota, is a sacred site for over 30 Plains tribes. Overview Pre-Columbian Native spirituality in the Americas spanned the forms of animism, polytheism, the use of plants to enter higher mental or spiritual states, special dances or rituals, and a high regard for the overall well-being of the tribe. Some of these practices continue today in private tribal ceremonies. From the 1600s European Catholic and Protestant denominations sent missionaries to convert the tribes to Christianity. These conversions often occurred through government and Christian church cooperative efforts that forcibly removed Native American children from their families into a Christian/state government-operated system of American Indian boarding schools (aka The Residential Schools) where Native children were indoctrinated in European Christian beliefs, mainstream white culture and the English language."
},
{
"docid": "D1463051#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dancehall\nDancehall",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the genre of music. For other uses, see Dance hall (disambiguation). Dancehall Stylistic origins Reggae R&B ska rocksteadydub toasting Cultural origins Late 1970s Jamaica, especially Kingston Typical instruments Early dancehall: Drum kit Bass guitar Guitar Electric organ Modern dancehall: Drum machine Sampler Synthesizer Electric organ Derivative forms Reggaeton Subgenres Ragga Reggae en Español ( complete list)Fusion genres Reggae fusion Bhangragga Oldschool jungle Tropical house [1]Dancehall is a genre of Jamaican popular music that originated in the late 1970s. [ 2] Initially, dancehall was a more sparse version of reggae than the roots style, which had dominated much of the 1970s. [ 3] [4] In the mid-1980s, digital instrumentation became more prevalent, changing the sound considerably, with digital dancehall (or \"\" reggae \"\") becoming increasingly characterized by faster rhythms. Key elements of dancehall music include its extensive use of Jamaican Patois rather than Jamaican standard English and a focus on the track instrumentals (or \"\" riddims \"\"). Dancehall saw initial mainstream success in Jamaica in the 1980s, and by the 1990s, it became increasingly popular in Jamaican diaspora communities. In the 2000s, dancehall experienced worldwide mainstream success, and by the 2010s, it began to heavily influence the work of established Western artists and producers, which has helped to further bring the genre into the Western music mainstream. [ 5] [6] [7]Contents1 History1.1 Development1.2 Modern dancehall2 Dancehall pop3 Culture3.1 Dances4 Criticisms4.1 Contradictions4.2 Anti-gay lyrics5 References6 External links History [ edit]Development [ edit]Dancehall is named after Jamaican dance halls in which popular Jamaican recordings were played by local sound systems. They began in the late 1940s among people from the inner city of Kingston, who were not able to participate in dances uptown. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1487754#0",
"title": "http://awoiaf.westeros.org/index.php/Ramsay_Snow\nRamsay Snow",
"text": "\"navigation search Ramsay Snow Ramsay Bolton by Amok©Alias Ramsay Bolton The Bastard of Bolton The Bastard of the Dreadfort Reek Red Helm Monster Title Lord of the Hornwood Lord of Winterfell Castellan of the Dreadfort Allegiance House Bolton of the Dreadfort House Bolton of Winterfell Culture Northmen Born In 282 AC or before [1]Spouse 1st: Lady Donella Hornwood 2nd: \"\" Arya Stark \"\"Book (s) A Clash of Kings (appears) A Storm of Swords (mentioned) A Feast for Crows (mentioned) A Dance with Dragons (appears)Played by Iwan Rheon TV series Season 3 | Season 4 | Season 5 | Season 6Ramsay Snow is the bastard son of Roose Bolton, Lord of the Dreadfort and head of House Bolton, and is known as the Bastard of Bolton and the Bastard of the Dreadfort. In the television adaptation Game of Thrones he is portrayed by Iwan Rheon . Ramsay has a group of men-at-arms who stand high in his favor and follow him loyally, although their true allegiance lies with Lord Roose. They are called the Bastard's Boys, though never within their or Ramsay's hearing, and are just as depraved as Ramsay. Ramsay's personal steed is named Blood, and he keeps a pack of female hunting hounds. [ 2] [3]Contents [ hide ]1 Appearance2 Character3 History4 Recent Events4.1 A Clash of Kings4.2 A Storm of Swords4.3 A Feast for Crows4.4 A Dance with Dragons4.5 The Winds of Winter5 Quotes by Ramsay6 Quotes about Ramsay7 Family8 External Links9 References Appearance See also: Images of Ramsay Bolton Ramsay is an ugly young man, even when dressed finely. He is big boned and slope shouldered, with a fleshiness indicating he will be fat later in life. Ramsay's skin is pink and blotchy, his nose broad, his hair long and dark and dry. [ 4] [5] Although his mouth is small, Ramsay's lips are wide and meaty, wormy looking, and he smiles a wet-lipped smile. His distinctive eyes resemble Roose's - small, close-set, and oddly pale, like two chips of dirty ice."
},
{
"docid": "D2258863#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papi_(song)\nPapi (song)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Papi\"\"Single by Jennifer Lopezfrom the album Love? Released September 13, 2011Format Digital download Genre Latin - dance R&BLength 3: 43Label Island Songwriter (s)Red One AJ Junior Beat Geek Teddy Sky Bilal \"\"The Chef\"\"Jimmy Joker Producer (s)Red One Beat Geek Jimmy Joker Kuk Harrell Jennifer Lopez singles chronology\"\" I'm Into You \"\" (2011) \"\" Papi \"\" (2011) \"\" T. H. E. (The Hardest Ever) \"\" (2011)\"\" Papi \"\" is a song recorded by American singer Jennifer Lopez for her seventh studio album Love? ( 2011). The Latin -flavored dance song was written by Red One, AJ Junior, Beat Geek, Teddy Sky, Bilal Hajji and Jimmy Joker, and produced by Red One, Beat Geak and Jimmy Joker. The lyrical content of the song revolves around Lopez's love to dance for her man. The song was due to be released as a promotional single to help promote the album on April 19, 2011, but the song was unlocked and released on April 17, 2011, through a campaign on Lopez's Facebook page. \"\" Papi\"\" received praise from music critics, stating that it was one of the highlights from Love?. \"\" Papi\"\" received a full commercial release as Love? ' s third single in September and October 2011. On October 27, 2011 \"\"Papi\"\" became Lopez's 11th number one single on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs Chart."
},
{
"docid": "D2773450#0",
"title": "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Dances_with_Wolves\nDances with Wolves",
"text": "\" [ hide]Your continued donations keep Wikiquote running!Dances with Wolvesnavigation search Dances with Wolves is a 1990 film about a man who is exiled to a remote western Civil War outpost, where he befriends wolves and Indians, making him an intolerable aberration in the military. Directed by Kevin Costner. Written by Michael Blake, based on his novel. Inside everyone is a frontier waiting to be discovered. ( taglines)Contents [ hide ]1 John Dunbar2 Wind In His Hair3 Ten Bears4 Timmons5 Dialogue6 Taglines7 Cast8 External links John Dunbar [ edit]The strangeness of this life cannot be measured: in trying to produce my own death, I was elevated to the status of a living hero. [ voiceover] It seems every day ends with a miracle here. And whatever God may be, I thank God for this day. [ voiceover] Many times I'd felt alone, but until this afternoon I'd never felt completely lonely. Nothing I have been told about these people is correct. They are not thieves or beggars."
},
{
"docid": "D1948174#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dances_with_Wolves\nDances with Wolves",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For the novel by Michael Blake, see Dances with Wolves (novel). For the song by Mount Eerie, see Mount Eerie Dances with Wolves. Dances with Wolves Theatrical release poster Directed by Kevin Costner Produced by Jim Wilson Kevin Costner Screenplay by Michael Blake Based on Dances with Wolves by Michael Blake Starring Kevin Costner Mary Mc Donnell Graham Greene Rodney Grant Music by John Barry Cinematography Dean Semler Edited by Neil Travis Production companies Tig Productions Majestic Films International Distributed by Orion Pictures Release date October 19, 1990 ( Uptown Theater)November 9, 1990 (United States)Running time 181 minutes [1]Country United States Language English Lakota Pawnee Budget $22 million [2]Box office $424.2 million [2]Dances with Wolves is a 1990 American epic Western film starring, directed and produced by Kevin Costner. It is a film adaptation of the 1988 book of the same name by Michael Blake that tells the story of a Union Army lieutenant who travels to the American frontier to find a military post, and of his dealings with a group of Lakota Indians. Costner developed the film with an initial budget of $15 million. Dances with Wolves had high production values [3] and won seven Academy Awards including Best Picture and the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama. Much of the dialogue is spoken in Lakota with English subtitles. It was shot in South Dakota and Wyoming, and translated by Albert White Hat, the chair of the Lakota Studies Department at Sinte Gleska University. The film is credited as a leading influence for the revitalization of the Western genre of filmmaking in Hollywood. In 2007, Dances with Wolves was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"\"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"\". ["
},
{
"docid": "D1574319#0",
"title": "http://www.gradesaver.com/the-crucible/study-guide/character-list/\nThe Crucible",
"text": "Section Navigation Home Study Guides The Crucible Character List The Crucibleby Arthur Miller Buy Study Guide The Crucible Character List John Proctor A farmer in Salem, Proctor serves as the voice of reason and justice in The Crucible. It is he who exposes the girls as frauds who are only pretending that there is witchcraft, and thus becomes the tragic hero of the tale. Proctor is a sharply intelligent man who can easily detect foolishness in others and expose it, but he questions his own moral sense. Because of his affair with Abigail Williams, Proctor questions whether or not he is a moral man, yet this past event is the only major flaw attributed to Proctor, who is in all other respects honorable and ethical. It is a sign of his morality that he does not feel himself adequate to place himself as a martyr for the cause of justice when he is given the choice to save himself at the end of the play. Elizabeth Proctor The wife of John Proctor, Elizabeth shares with John a similarly strict adherence to justice and moral principles She is a woman who has great confidence in her own morality and in the ability of a person to maintain a sense of righteousness, both internal and external, even when this principle conflicts with strict Christian doctrine. Although she is regarded as a woman of unimpeachable honesty, it is this reputation that causes her husband to be condemned when she lies about his affair with Abigail, thinking it will save him. However, Elizabeth can be a cold and demanding woman, whose chilly demeanor may have driven her husband to adultery and whose continual suspicions of her husband render their marriage tense. Abigail Williams A seventeen year-old girl who is the niece of Reverend Parris, Abigail was the Proctors' servant before Elizabeth fired her for having an affair with John. She is a malicious, vengeful girl who, in an attempt to protect herself from punishment after Reverend Parris finds them dancing, instigates the Salem witch trials and leads the charge of accusations."
},
{
"docid": "D2561378#0",
"title": "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0310848/\nMarvin Gaye (1939â1984)",
"text": "\"SEE RANKMarvin Gaye (1939–1984)Soundtrack | Composer | Actor Marvin Gaye was born on April 2, 1939 in Washington, District of Columbia, USA as Marvin Pentz Gay Jr. He was married to Jan Gaye and Anna Gordy Gaye. He died on April 1, 1984 in Los Angeles, California, USA. See full bio »Born: April 2, 1939 in Washington, District of Columbia, USADied: April 1, 1984 (age 44) in Los Angeles, California, USA2 photos | 2 videos »Quick Links Biography Awards Photo Gallery Filmography (by Job)Trailers and Videos Explore More Watchlist: Patton Oswalt Loves \"\"Ash vs Evil Dead\"\"Patton Oswalt chats with Tim and Kerri from \"\" The IMDb Show \"\" about their latest movie and TV obsessions. Get their Watchlist recommendations Share this page: Related News‘American Idol’ spoilers: Which 14 of the Top 24 make it to the season 16 live shows that start April 22?20 hours ago | Gold Derby‘American Idol’ Top 14 spoilers: Which 8 men and 6 women will be on season 16 live shows?4 days ago | Gold Derby Ed Sheeran Fights Back in Copyright Lawsuit Over Tim Mc Graw Hit5 days ago | TMZSee all related articles »Around The Web Powered by Zerg Net On Prime Video Watch Now The Negotiator Watch Now High Fidelity Watch Now Captain America: The Winter Soldier Watch Now The Bounty Hunter Watch Now R. I. P. D. See more on Prime Video »Create a list »User Lists Related lists from IMDb users Greatest Vocalistsa list of 30 people created 29 Feb 2016Artist who passed away too soona list of 25 people created 01 Jul 2015Best Singers Of all Timea list of 25 people created 28 May 2013The Greatest Singers of All Timesa list of 36 people created 22 Aug 201140 Entertainers who died before the age of 40a list of 40 people created 09 Nov 2011See all related lists »Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDb Page Find out more at IMDb Pro »How Much Have You Seen? How much of Marvin Gaye's work have you seen? User Polls Record Store Clerk from Hell!Razzies 2018 — Worst Picture The Stephen Frears Poll Redux The Worst Movies of 2017The Shapeshifters The Box Office 2014See more polls »2 wins & 1 nomination. See more awards »Known For R. I. P. D. Soundtrack (2013)High Fidelity Soundtrack (2000)The Negotiator Soundtrack (1998)Transformers Soundtrack (2007)Show all | | Edit Filmography Jump to: Soundtrack | Composer | Actor | Music department | Thanks | Self | Archive footage Hide Soundtrack (388 credits)2018Golic and Wingo (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) - Episode #1.62 (2018) ... (performer: \"\"The Star Spangled Banner\"\")The Vietnam War (TV Mini-Series documentary) (performer - 1 episode, 2017) (writer - 1 episode, 2017) - A Disrespectful Loyalty (May 1970-March 1973) (2017) ... (performer: \"\"What's Going On\"\") / (writer: \"\"What's Going On\"\")2017Roman J. Israel, Esq. ( performer: \"\"Trouble Man\"\") / (writer: \"\"Trouble Man\"\")Beat Shazam (TV Series) (performer - 4 episodes, 2017) (writer - 3 episodes, 2017) - Episode #1.11 (2017) ... (performer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\") / (writer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\")- Episode #1.10 (2017) ... (performer: \"\"I Heard It Through the Grapevine\"\") / (writer: \"\"Dancing in the Street\"\")- Episode #1.7 (2017) ... (performer: \"\"Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing\"\")- Episode #1.4 (2017) ... (performer: \"\"What's Going On\"\") / (writer: \"\"What's Going On\"\")Tattoo Fixers on Holiday (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode, 2017) (writer - 1 episode, 2017) - Episode #2.2 (2017) ... (performer: \"\"Sexual Healing\"\" - uncredited) / (writer: \"\"Sexual Healing\"\" - uncredited)2017Detroit (performer: \"\"Your Precious Love\"\", \"\"Give a Little Love\"\")2017Hollywood Game Night (TV Series) (writer - 1 episode) - Super Duper Store Night (2017) ... (writer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\")2017Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Return (TV Series) (writer - 1 episode) - At the Earth's Core (2017) ... (writer: \"\"Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)\"\" - uncredited)2017/ILife (writer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\")Grimm (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode, 2017) (writer - 1 episode, 2017) - Blind Love (2017) ... (performer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\" - uncredited) / (writer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\" - uncredited)2017Long Strange Trip (Documentary) (writer: \"\"Dancing In The Streets\"\" - uncredited)2016Strictly Come Dancing (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) - The Semi-Final (2016) ... (performer: \"\"It Takes Two\"\" - uncredited)Nunca es tarde (TV Series) (writer - 2 episodes, 2016) (producer - 1 episode, 2016) - Episode dated 31 October 2016 (2016) ... (writer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\")- Episode dated 28 April 2016 (2016) ... (producer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\") / (writer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\")2016Mafia III (Video Game) (performer: \"\"You\"\")2016Who's Doing the Dishes? ( TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) - Tamara Beckwith (2016) ... (performer: \"\"It Takes Two\"\" - uncredited)The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon (TV Series) (writer - 3 episodes, 2014 - 2016) (performer - 1 episode, 2016) - Clint Eastwood/Molly Shannon/Mike Posner (2016) ... (performer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\" - uncredited) / (writer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\" - uncredited)- Ben Stiller/Brie Larson/Damon Wayans (2014) ... (writer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\")- Mark Wahlberg/Kevin Nealon (2014) ... (writer: \"\"Sexual Healing\"\" - uncredited)2016Bridget Jones's Baby (performer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\", \"\"I Heard It Through The Grapevine\"\") / (writer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\")2016Teen Choice Awards 2016 (TV Movie) (writer: \"\"What's Going On\"\")2016Ice Age: Collision Course (writer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\")Britain's Got Talent (TV Series) (performer - 5 episodes, 2015 - 2016) (writer - 3 episodes, 2016) - 2016: Auditions 5 (2016) ... (performer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\" - uncredited) / (writer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\" - uncredited)- 2016: Auditions 4 (2016) ... (performer: \"\"You're a Wonderful One\"\" - uncredited)- 2016: Auditions 3 (2016) ... (performer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\" - uncredited) / (writer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\" - uncredited)- 2016: Auditions 2 (2016) ... (writer: \"\"Dancing in the Street\"\" - uncredited)- 2015: Auditions 7 (2015) ... (performer: \"\"Ain't No Mountain High Enough\"\" - uncredited)Show all 6 episodes Lip Sync Battle (TV Series) (writer - 2 episodes, 2016) (performer - 1 episode, 2016) - Ne Ne Leakes vs. Todd Chrisley (2016) ... (writer: \"\"Blurred Lines\"\")- Nina Dobrev vs. Tim Tebow (2016) ... (performer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\") / (writer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\")Morfi, todos a la mesa (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode, 2016) (writer - 1 episode, 2016) - Episode dated 12 February 2016 (2016) ... (performer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\") / (writer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\")Mom (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode, 2016) (writer - 1 episode, 2016) - Cinderella and a Drunk Mac Gyver (2016) ... (performer: \"\"Sexual Healing\"\" - uncredited) / (writer: \"\"Sexual Healing\"\" - uncredited)East Enders (TV Series) (performer - 3 episodes, 2011 - 2016) (writer - 2 episodes, 2011 - 2013) - Episode #1.5211 (2016) ... (performer: \"\"Sexual Healing\"\" - uncredited)- Episode dated 8 October 2013 (2013) ... (performer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\" - uncredited) / (writer: \"\"Let's Get It On\"\" - uncredited)- Episode dated 22 July 2011 (2011) ... (performer: \"\"Sexual Healing\"\" - uncredited) / (writer: \"\"Sexual Healing\"\" - uncredited)Brooklyn Nine-Nine (TV Series) (writer - 2 episodes, 2015) (performer - 1 episode, 2015) - Ava (2015) ... (writer: \"\"Sexual Healing\"\" - uncredited)- Boyle-Linetti Wedding (2015) ... (performer: \"\"Got to Give It Up Pt."
},
{
"docid": "D3458827#0",
"title": "http://www.islamic-laws.com/musicanditseffect.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Music & Its Effects DOWNLOAD BOOK IN WORD FORMATBy: A. H. Sheriff CONTENTS1 Foreword2 What is music ? 3 Origin of music4 Effects of music on Nervous System5Some other ailments & music From the philosophical point of view From the Ethical point of view6 Effects on the children7 The Quran on Music8 Some traditions on Music9 Music & the last epoch10 Singing & adultery11 Effects of music12 Musicians fate13Influence of Music14APPENDIX : \"\"Television - A Blessing or a Curse ? \"\" F O R E W O R DNowadays, people are getting more & more involved in Music & for them, it has become a part of their daily life. Their mind has become so saddled with tension, & tempo of life is so fast that they seem to accept high blood pressure & nervous breakdown as the unavoidable side effects of modern civilization. It is a pity that they do not pause to think the adverse effects of music on their physical & mental health. I have endeavored to present in this booklet the scientific & spiritual points of views on music & dance etc. These observations have been quoted from various books of Persian, Urdu & English languages. I am very grateful to Maulana Seyyid Saeed Akhtar Rizvi, the Chief Missionary of the Bilal Muslim Mission of Tanzania for editing & scrutinizing this effort of mine. I hope this booklet will help the readers in understanding the philosophy of the rule of Islam which forbids music. A. H. Sherriff 1/5/1983W H A T IS M U S I C ?"
}
] |
8380 | who is leading in the polls | [
{
"docid": "D2968423#0",
"title": "http://www.christianpost.com/news/analysis-whos-really-leading-the-presidential-race-142693/\nAnalysis: Who's Really Leading the Presidential Race?",
"text": "\"Analysis: Who's Really Leading the Presidential Race? Share on facebook Share on twitter By Napp Nazworth, Christian Post Reporter | Aug 12, 2015 12:14 PM (Photo: Reuters/Brian Snyder) Republican 2016 presidential candidates (L-R) New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, U. S. Senator Marco Rubio, Dr. Ben Carson, Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker, businessman Donald Trump, former Florida Governor Jeb Bush, former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee, U. S. Senator Ted Cruz, U. S. Senator Rand Paul and Ohio Governor John Kasich pose at the start of the first official Republican presidential candidates debate of the 2016 U. S. presidential campaign in Cleveland, Ohio, August 6, 2015. Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton are leading in the polls for the Republican and Democratic, respectively, presidential nominee, but those polls are not the best indicator of which candidates are currently the strongest. There are better ways to measure who has the best chance of winning the nomination. Asking voters who they would vote for if the election were held today favors the candidates with the highest name recognition. The candidates who usually win, however, are those who are most acceptable to the broadest range of a party's factions and considered able to win the election. There are three other measures that, this early in the race, will provide a better picture of who is actually most likely to win the nomination.1. Favorability Since many of the candidates are not even known to some voters, one indicator of which candidates voters will like is the difference in favorability and unfavorability ratings among the voters with an opinion. One of the options pollsters provide when asking if they find a candidate \"\"favorable or unfavorable\"\" is \"\"no opinion.\"\" For some of the less well known candidates, this is the most common answer."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D865900#0",
"title": "http://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/florida-results-not-in-2016-231004\nHow Trump won Florida",
"text": "Facebook Twitter Google +Email Comment Print With more than 95 percent of precincts reporting, Donald Trump carried a 140,000 vote lead in Florida. | Getty How Trump won Florida Trump's Florida win was a microcosm of what unfolded nationwide. By MARC CAPUTO and KYLE CHENEY11/08/2016 09:51 PM ESTUpdated 11/08/2016 10:47 PM ESTShare on Facebook Share on Twitter Donald Trump’s stunning win in Florida was a microcosm of what unfolded nationwide on Tuesday: Despite losing big to Hillary Clinton in diverse, urban areas of south Florida, Trump dominated in every other corner of the state and outperformed past Republican candidates with older, white and blue collar voters. With nearly all precincts reporting,Trump carried a nearly insurmountable 134,000 vote lead – 1.4 percentage points -- leaving Democrats crushed and Trump’s team elated with a win that, at one point, they felt wouldn’t come. “I am so proud of this team! MAGA!,” Susie Wiles, Trump’s Florida campaign manager, said in a text message using the acronym for his “Make America Great Again” slogan. Her tone was a 180-degree turn from early in the evening when she called the day “tense and nerve wracking. ”Despite Hillary Clinton’s large margins in Miami-Dade County and Broward County, Trump ran up the score elsewhere in the state -- from the Deep South Panhandle to the interior of Florida to peninsula’s southwest, a bastion of working-class whites and retirees from the Midwest who pushed him over the top. Trump ran up huge margins with white Florida voters -- who comprise 64 percent of the state’s voting rolls -- and have always been the most reliable voters in terms of turnout."
},
{
"docid": "D1623778#0",
"title": "http://www.cnn.com/2014/11/04/politics/election-day-story/index.html\nRepublicans seize Senate, gaining full control of Congress",
"text": "\"Republicans seize Senate, gaining full control of Congress By Stephen Collinson, CNNUpdated 10:43 AM ET, Wed November 5, 2014JUST WATCHEDGOP's big night in 90 seconds Replay MUST WATCHGOP's big night in 90 seconds 01:30Story highlights GOP wins Senate seats in Iowa, Colorado, Arkansas, S. Dakota, Montana, W. Virginia, N. Carolina CNN projects GOP will keep the House and Senate Mitch Mc Connell beat Democrat Alison Lundergan Grimes in Kentucky Obama to make a statement Wednesday afternoon A Republican tide ripped the Senate away from Democrats Tuesday, giving the GOP full control of Congress and the power to pin down President Barack Obama during his last two years in office. The thumping win upends the balance of power between the White House and Capitol Hill only six years after Obama's Democrats swept to power and marginalized Republicans in a rush to reform health care, Wall Street and pass a huge stimulus package. Now, it's Democrats who will take the back seat on Capitol Hill, relying mostly on the power of the filibuster to stymie Republicans and keep Obama's legacy intact. \"\" For too long, this administration has tried to tell the American people what is good for them and then blame somebody else when their policies didn't work out,\"\" Mitch Mc Connell, who is expected to become the next Senate majority leader, said in a victory speech. JUST WATCHEDRepublicans take control of U. S. Senate Replay More Videos ... Republicans take control of U. S. Senate 01:11Photos: The new GOP power players Photos: The new GOP power players Sen. Bob Corker – Sen. Bob Corker will head the Foreign Relations Committee. He's been a chief critic of the White House on Syria and Iran but has also shown a willingness to work with President Obama. Hide Caption 8 of 15Photos: The new GOP power players Sen. Ron Johnson – Sen. Ron Johnson will lead the Homeland Security and Government Affairs Committee. A critic of the administration's handling of Benghazi, the Wisconsin Republican is likely to conduct another investigation. Hide Caption 9 of 15Photos: The new GOP power players Sen. Lamar Alexander – Sen. Lamar Alexander is set to be the next chairman of the Health, Education, Labor and Pension Committee. He is a proponent for education reform and would likely push to decrease government intervention in state education systems."
},
{
"docid": "D1568902#0",
"title": "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/02/06/super-tuesday-results_n_85159.html\nSuper Tuesday Results",
"text": "CLICK HERE TO SEE THE LIVE DELEGATE COUNT... See below for more updates. SCORECARD: GOP: Mc Cain 9, Romney 7, Huckabee 5, DEM: Obama 13, Clinton 9UPDATED WINNERS LIST: MASSACHUSETTS: GOP: Mitt Romney DEM: Hillary Clinton CONNECTICUT: GOP: John Mc Cain DEM: Barack Obama NEW YORK: GOP: John Mc Cain DEM: Hillary Clinton NEW JERSEY: GOP: John Mc Cain DEM: Hillary Clinton DELAWARE: GOP: John Mc Cain DEM: Barack Obama GEORGIA: GOP: Mike Huckabee DEM: Barack Obama WEST VIRGINIA: GOP: Mike Huckabee DEM: No Dem Race ALABAMA: GOP: Mike Huckabee DEM: Barack Obama TENNESSEE: GOP: Mike Huckabee DEM: Hillary Clinton ARKANSAS: GOP: Mike Huckabee DEM: Hillary Clinton ILLINOIS: GOP: John Mc Cain DEM: Barack Obama MISSOURI: GOP: John Mc Cain DEM: Barack Obama OKLAHOMA: GOP: John Mc Cain DEM: Hillary Clinton KANSAS: GOP: No GOP race DEM: Barack Obama MINNESOTA: GOP: Mitt Romney DEM: Barack Obama NORTH DAKOTA: GOP: Mitt Romney DEM: Barack Obama COLORADO: GOP: Mitt Romney DEM: Barack Obama UTAH: GOP: Mitt Romney DEM: Barack Obama ARIZONA: GOP: John Mc Cain DEM: Hillary Clinton IDAHO: GOP: No GOP Race DEM: Barack Obama MONTANA: GOP: Mitt Romney DEM: No Dem Race NEW MEXICO: GOP: No GOP Race DEM: CALIFORNIA: GOP: John Mc Cain DEM: Hillary Clinton ALASKA: GOP: Mitt Romney DEM: Barack Obama AMERICAN SAMOA: GOP: No GOP Race DEM: Hillary Clinton Salon breaks down the numbers and takes a look at what’s next. Time Magazine has these fascinating numbers about the popular vote on Super Tuesday: TOTAL VOTES CAST Clinton: 50.2% (7,347,971) Obama: 49.8% (7,294,851)Mc Cain: 43.1% (3,611,459) Romney: 35.4% (2,961,834) Huckabee: 21.5% (1,796,729)For grand totals, vastly more Democrats than Republicans voted yesterday; Democratic votes for Clinton and Obama: 14,622,822 (63.6%) Republican votes for Mc Cain, Romney and Huckabee: 8,370,022 (36.4%)Put another way, the Clinton/Obama race drew 76% more voters than the Mc Cain/Romney/Huckabee race. The Democratic race in New Mexico is still too close to call. The AP reports Wednesday afternoon: The day after Super Tuesday, less than 100 votes separated Barack Obama and Hillary Rodham Clinton, four precincts were still out and more than 16,000 ballots remained to be counted. With 180 of 184 precincts reporting, Obama held a slim lead — 65,036 votes, compared with 64,965 for Clinton. Both had roughly 48 percent of the vote. Clinton and Obama are vying for 26 of New Mexico’s 38 delegates to the Democratic National Convention. Twelve so-called super delegates are not bound by caucus results. State Democratic Party Chairman Brian Colon said results from four precincts were delayed because the county chairs could not be reached."
},
{
"docid": "D828368#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_presidential_debates,_2016\nRepublican Party presidential debates and forums, 2016",
"text": "\"Republican Party presidential debates and forums, 2016From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Republican Party presidential debates, 2016)navigation search2016 U. S. presidential election Timeline General election debates Parties Pollingnational statewide by demographicsinternational Newspaper endorsementsprimary general Russian interference Social media International reactions Electors Recounts Faithless electors Republican Party Primaries Candidates Debates and forums Pollingnational statewide straw polls Endorsements Results Nominee Convention Democratic Party Primaries Candidates Debates and forums Pollingnational statewide straw polls Endorsements Results Nominee Convention Superdelegates Third parties Third party and independent candidates Libertarian Partyprimaries debates nomineeconvention Green Partyprimaries debatesnominee convention Constitution Partyprimaries nominee Independents Mc Mullin Related races House Senate Governors Vice President Democratic Republican2012 ← 2016 → 2020v t e The twelve Republican presidential debates, and the nine forums, were a series of political debates held between the candidates for the Republican Party's nomination for the United States presidential election, 2016. Contents [ hide ]1 Presidential debates1.1 Schedule1.2 Polling effect1.3 Logistics1.4 Ratings1.5 August 6, 2015 – Cleveland, Ohio1.6 September 16, 2015 – Simi Valley, California1.7 October 28, 2015 – Boulder, Colorado1.8 November 10, 2015 – Milwaukee, Wisconsin1.9 December 15, 2015 – Las Vegas, Nevada1.10 January 14, 2016 – North Charleston, South Carolina1.11 January 28, 2016 – Des Moines, Iowa1.12 February 6, 2016 – Goffstown, New Hampshire1.13 February 13, 2016 – Greenville, South Carolina1.14 February 25, 2016 – Houston, Texas1.15 March 3, 2016 – Detroit, Michigan1.16 March 10, 2016 – Coral Gables, Florida2 Canceled debate2.1 March 21, 2016 – Salt Lake City, Utah3 Forums3.1 Schedule3.2 August 3, 2015 – Goffstown, New Hampshire3.3 November 20, 2015 – Des Moines, Iowa3.4 December 3, 2015 – Washington, D. C.3.5 January 9, 2016 – Columbia, South Carolina3.6 February 17–18, 2016 – Greenville/Columbia, South Carolina3.7 February 24, 2016 – Houston, Texas3.8 March 29, 2016 – Milwaukee, Wisconsin4 See also5 References6 External links Presidential debates [ edit]Schedule [ edit]The Republican National Committee announced the 2015–2016 debate schedule on January 16, 2015. It revealed that 12 debates would be held, in contrast to the 20 debates that were held from 2011 to 2012. The announcement included which news organizations would host each debate, with Fox News and CNN having three each; and one each for ABC, CBS, NBC, CNBC, Fox Business Network, and a conservative media outlet to be announced. It had some changes during the primary. The first live-broadcast debate occurred on Thursday, August 6, 2015, [1] at the Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland, Ohio. It was seen on the Fox News Channel by 24 million viewers, making the debate the most watched live broadcast for a non-sporting event in cable television history. [ 2] Due to the number of candidates running for nomination, Fox News aired two separate debates on August 6, with the less popular candidates going first, followed by the candidates with more support in the 'prime time' debate. One debate per month followed through December 2015. [ 3] The GOP candidates debated twice in January and three times in February 2016. ["
},
{
"docid": "D800718#0",
"title": "http://www.gallup.com/poll/10120/history-shows-january-frontrunner-often-does-win-democratic-nomination.aspx\nHistory Shows January Front-runner Often Does Not Win Democratic Nomination",
"text": "\"January 6, 2004Print History Shows January Front-runner Often Does Not Win Democratic Nominationby Frank Newport and Joseph Carroll Only 4 out of 10 January leaders over last half-century have won nomination GALLUP NEWS SERVICEPRINCETON, NJ -- The presidential election primary season is upon us, with the Iowa caucus now less than two weeks away, and with the high visibility New Hampshire primary taking place in only three weeks, on Jan. 27. Not a single vote has yet been cast, but former Vermont Gov. Howard Dean has already been anointed the front-runner in the race for the Democratic nomination (and is on the cover of both TIME and Newsweek magazines this week) -- based in large part on his strong showing in recent public opinion polls at both the national and state level. But just how predictive is this type of strength in early national polling in terms of a candidate's chances of actually winning the Democratic nomination? There have been 10 races over the last 50 years in which there was a significant contest for the Democratic nomination: 1952, 1956, 1960, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984, 1988, 1992, and 2000. ( The omitted years of 1964, 1980, and 1996 were ones in which a Democratic incumbent president ran for re-election with little or no opposition. ) The nature of these contests has changed over the years, of course, but the comparison of early national poll results with the eventual nomination outcome provides us with a track record of sorts in our attempt to answer the \"\"prediction\"\" question. And the answer is clear: there is no clear relationship between the candidate leading in Gallup's national trial heat surveys among Democrats at the beginning of an election year and the eventual winner of the party's nomination. In fact, in only 4 out of the 10 elections (Adlai Stevenson in 1952, John F. Kennedy in 1960, Walter Mondale in 1984, and Al Gore in 2000) did the front-runner in late December/early January win the Democratic Party's nomination. In all other instances, someone else came from behind as the primary season unfolded.2000 Presidential Election In the 2000 presidential election, incumbent Vice President Al Gore maintained a considerable lead over Bill Bradley in the month leading up to the primary season, and Gore, of course, eventually won the party's nomination for president. A slight majority of Democrats, 52%, supported Gore in late December 1999, compared with just 38% who supported Bradley."
},
{
"docid": "D1652971#0",
"title": "http://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-tops-latest-quinnipiac-poll/\nDonald Trump tops latest Quinnipiac poll",
"text": "By Reena Flores CBS News July 30, 2015, 9:45 AMDonald Trump tops latest Quinnipiac poll Share Tweet Reddit Flipboard Email Donald Trump isn't just dominating news cycles: he's also leading in a new poll by Quinnipiac University, topping the Republican field by a seven point margin. The billionaire businessman has 20 percent of Republican voters saying they would vote for him as the GOP nominee, with Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker trailing behind at 13 percent. Former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush comes in third, with just 10 percent of voters throwing their support behind him. What impact will Donald Trump's comments about Mc Cain have on his campaign? The last candidate to officially launch his campaign, Ohio Gov. John Kasich also makes a strong showing, polling at five percent. It's a three percentage point uptick from his standing in Quinnipiac's last poll -- and a rise that could elevate him to an appearance on the Republican debate stage. Those who are still undecided make up 12 percent of voters, while none of the rest of the Republican pack vying for the White House break six percent. Play Video Does Donald Trump have staying power in the 2016 GOP race? Despite his popularity, Trump is also the candidate most Republicans say they would never support: About 30 percent of respondents surveyed would definitely not vote for him. Chris Christie comes in second, with 15 percent of voters who would never vote for the New Jersey governor."
},
{
"docid": "D2423362#0",
"title": "http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/16/us/politics/gop-support-for-donald-trump-rising-as-ben-carson-gains-poll-finds.html\nMore Republicans See Donald Trump as a Winner, Poll Finds",
"text": "Election 2016Full Results Exit Polls Trump’s Cabinet More Republicans See Donald Trump as a Winner, Poll Finds By PATRICK HEALY and MEGAN THEE-BRENAN SEPT. 15, 2015Donald Trump greeted supporters after his rally in Dallas on Monday. Cooper Neill for The New York Times Republicans increasingly think that Donald J. Trump has the best chance of winning the 2016 presidential election as their nominee as confidence fades in traditional politicians like Jeb Bush and Scott Walker, according to the latest New York Times/CBS News Poll. Although Republicans have reservations about Mr. Trump and voters often end up embracing candidates who lagged in early polls, the billionaire businessman appears to be gaining acceptance as a possible nominee. The poll found that 39 percent of Republican primary and caucus voters viewed Mr. Trump as their best shot at winning the presidency, compared with 26 percent in a CBS survey in August. Only 15 percent said they would not back him as the party’s standard-bearer. Highlights From the G. O. P. Debate The New York Times provided real-time analysis as the Republican presidential hopefuls discussed the issues on CNN. Ben Carson, another Republican with no history in the political establishment, is also gaining notable new support and is now running nearly even with Mr. Trump. Mr. Carson, a retired neurosurgeon who delivers his socially conservative message and outsider views in more measured tones than Mr. Trump, rose to 23 percent; he had 6 percent early last month before a widely praised performance in the first Republican debate. Mr. Trump draws 27 percent support in the new poll, compared with 24 percent last month."
},
{
"docid": "D2538685#0",
"title": "http://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/politics-government/article72640362.html\nLatest poll: Cooper gains lead over McCrory in NC governorâs race | Charlotte Observer",
"text": "\"North Carolina Attorney General, Roy Cooper and Republican incumbent Pat Mc Crory. Davie Hinshaw [email protected] Politics & Government Latest poll: Cooper gains lead over Mc Crory in NC governor’s race By Craig [email protected] Linked In Google+Pinterest Reddit Print Order Reprint of this Story April 19, 2016 01:52 PMUpdated April 19, 2016 07:19 PMAttorney General Roy Cooper has a growing lead over Gov. Pat Mc Crory in their race for governor, a new poll shows. While previous surveys have shown the candidates neck-and-neck within a margin of error, the new Elon University Poll gives Cooper a 48-42 percent lead. The margin of error in this survey was just under 4 percent. Cooper had a 3-point advantage in an average of the three most recent polls. According to the Elon poll, Mc Crory’s job approval rating was 37 percent, compared to 49 percent who said they disapprove of the job he is doing. Close to 14 percent said they didn’t know or were unsure. Nearly 43 percent of registered voters said they approved of the job Cooper is doing, while 27 percent disapprove, and 30 percent said they didn’t know or were unsure. Never miss a local story. Sign up today for a free 30 day free trial of unlimited digital access."
},
{
"docid": "D1599930#0",
"title": "http://cstl-cla.semo.edu/rdrenka/Renka_papers/polls.htm\n.",
"text": "\"° Renka's Home Page ° PS103 - U. S. Political Systems syllabus - Spring 2010 ° PS360 - Parties and Voting Behavior Syllabus - Fall 2009 ° Polling Assignment The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Public Opinion Polls Russell D. Renka Professor of Political Science Southeast Missouri State University E-Mail: [email protected] February 22, 2010° Polls v. Reports from Polls ° Sampling Error ° Good Polls ° Bad Polls ° Ugly Polls ° Conclusion ° Polling Links ° Notes ° References Public opinion polls or surveys are everywhere today. A nice sampling of professional surveyors is at Cornell Institute for Social and Economic Research (CISER), Public Opinion Surveys . The Wikipedia Opinion poll site has history and methods of this emergent profession that was pioneered in America, and its Polling organizations lists some globally distributed polling organizations in other countries. Polling Report.com compiles opinion poll results on a wide array of current American political and commercial topics. USA Election Polls track the innumerable election-related polls in the election-rich American political system. The National Council on Public Polls (NCPP) defines professional standards for and lists its members--but many polls online and off do not adhere to such standards. Polls have become indispensable to finding out what people think and how they behave. They pervade commercial and political life in America. Poll results are constantly reported by national and local media to a skeptical public. Seemingly everyone has been contacted by a pollster or someone posing as one."
},
{
"docid": "D138886#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_presidential_primaries,_2016\nRepublican Party presidential primaries, 2016",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016← 2012 February 1 – June 7, 2016 2020 →2,472 delegates to the Republican National Convention1,237 delegate votes needed to win Candidate Donald Trump Ted Cruz Home state New York Texas Delegate count 1,441 [1] 551 [1]Contests won 41 11Popular vote 14,015,993 [1] 7,822,100 [1]Percentage 44.9% 25.1%Candidate Marco Rubio John Kasich Home state Florida Ohio Delegate count 173 [1] 161 [1]Contests won 3 1Popular vote 3,515,576 [1] 4,290,448 [1]Percentage 11.3% 13.8%First place by first-instance vote Donald Trump (37)Ted Cruz (11)Uncommitted (4)Marco Rubio (3)John Kasich (1)First place finishes by delegate allocation Donald Trump (35)Ted Cruz (11)Uncommitted (4)Marco Rubio (3)John Kasich (1)Tie (2)First place finishes by convention roll call Donald Trump (46)Ted Cruz (7)Marco Rubio (2)John Kasich (1)Previous Republican nominee Mitt Romney Republican nominee Donald Trumpv t e2016 U. S. presidential election Timeline General election debates Parties Pollingnational statewide by demographicsinternational Newspaper endorsementsprimary general Russian interference Social media International reactions Electors Recounts Faithless electors Republican Party Primaries Candidates Debates and forums Pollingnational statewide straw polls Endorsements Results Nominee Convention Democratic Party Primaries Candidates Debates and forums Pollingnational statewide straw polls Endorsements Results Nominee Convention Superdelegates Third parties Third party and independent candidates Libertarian Partyprimaries debates nomineeconvention Green Partyprimaries debatesnominee convention Constitution Partyprimaries nominee Independents Mc Mullin Related races House Senate Governors Vice President Democratic Republican2012 ← 2016 → 2020v t e This article is part of a series about Donald Trump President of the United States Incumbent Presidency Transition Inauguration Timeline Executive actions Proclamations Polls Protests Trips Appointments Cabinetformation Ambassadors Federal judges Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court candidates U. S. Attorneys Dismissals Sally Yates Michael Flynn James Comey Rex Tillerson Policy positions Economytariffs Environment Paris withdrawal Foreign policyas candidate as President Immigration Social issuescannabis [ show]International trips [ show]Presidential election [ show] Russia controversies [ show] Business and personalv t e The 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries and caucuses were a series of electoral contests taking place within all 50 U. S. states, the District of Columbia, and five U. S. territories, occurring between February 1 and June 7. Sanctioned by the Republican Party, these elections are designed to select the 2,472 delegates to send to the Republican National Convention, who selected the Republican Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 election, Donald Trump. The delegates also approved the party platform and vice-presidential nominee. A total of 17 major candidates entered the race starting March 23, 2015, when Senator Ted Cruz of Texas was the first to formally announce his candidacy: he was followed by former Governor Jeb Bush of Florida, retired neurosurgeon Ben Carson of Florida, Governor Chris Christie of New Jersey, businesswoman Carly Fiorina of Virginia, former Governor Jim Gilmore of Virginia, Senator Lindsey Graham of South Carolina, former Governor Mike Huckabee of Arkansas, outgoing Governor Bobby Jindal of Louisiana, Governor John Kasich of Ohio, former Governor George Pataki of New York, Senator Rand Paul of Kentucky, former Governor Rick Perry of Texas, Senator Marco Rubio of Florida, former Senator Rick Santorum of Pennsylvania, businessman Donald Trump of New York and Governor Scott Walker of Wisconsin. This was the largest presidential primary field for any political party in American history. [ 2]Prior to the Iowa caucuses on February 1, Perry, Walker, Jindal, Graham and Pataki withdrew due to low polling numbers. Despite leading many polls in Iowa, Donald Trump came in second to Cruz. Huckabee, Paul and Santorum then withdrew from the race, following poor performances in the caucuses. Following a sizable victory for Trump in the New Hampshire primary, Christie, Fiorina and Gilmore abandoned the race. Bush capitulated after scoring fourth place to Trump, Rubio and Cruz in South Carolina."
},
{
"docid": "D115593#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasmussen_Reports\nRasmussen Reports",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the American polling company. For the nuclear reactor safety study, see Rasmussen Report. Rasmussen Reports, LLCFounded 2003Founder Scott Rasmussen Headquarters Asbury Park, New Jersey, United States Products Opinion polling, news Owner Noson Lawen Partners (majority investor) [1]Website www.rasmussenreports.com Rasmussen Reports is an American polling company, founded in 2003. [ 2] The company engages in the collection, publication, and distribution of public opinion polling information. Rasmussen Reports conducts nightly tracking, at national and state levels, of elections, politics, current events, consumer confidence, business topics, and the United States president's job approval ratings. Phone surveys by the company are conducted via the use of automated public opinion polling involving pre-recorded telephone inquiries. The company generates revenue by selling advertising and subscriptions to its polling survey data. Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Business model3 Polling topics3.1 Political sentiment3.1.1 Presidential approval tracking3.1.2 Generic Congressional Ballot3.1.3 Healthcare reform3.1.4 Political Class/Mainstream Index3.1.5 Other3.2 Elections3.2.1 Presidential3.2.1.1 20003.2.1.2 20043.2.1.3 20083.2.1.4 20123.2.1.5 20163.2.2 Congressional and gubernatorial3.3 Business4 Use5 Evaluations of accuracy and performance5.1 Favorable5.2 Criticism5.2.1 Five Thirty Eight blog5.2.2 New Republic5.2.3 Other6 References7 External links History [ edit]Rasmussen Reports, was founded in 2003 by Scott Rasmussen, who served as the company's president from its founding until July 2013, when he left to found the digital media company Styrk. [ 1] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]Rasmussen founded his first polling company in 1994. [ 9] That company, Rasmussen Research, was bought by Town Pages Net.com for about $4.5 million in ordinary shares in 1999. ["
},
{
"docid": "D68728#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion_poll\nOpinion poll",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the English-speaking world and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. ( November 2016) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)November 3, 1948: President Harry S. Truman, shortly after being elected as President, smiles as he holds up a copy of the Chicago Tribune issue prematurely announcing his electoral defeat. This image has become iconic of the consequences of bad polling data. An opinion poll, often simply referred to as a poll or a survey, is a human research survey of public opinion from a particular sample. Opinion polls are usually designed to represent the opinions of a population by conducting a series of questions and then extrapolating generalities in ratio or within confidence intervals. Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Sample and polling methods2.1 Benchmark polls2.2 Brushfire polls2.3 Tracking polls3 Potential for inaccuracy3.1 Margin of error due to sampling3.2 Nonresponse bias3.3 Response bias3.4 Wording of questions3.5 Coverage bias3.6 1992 UK general election4 Failures5 Social media as a source of opinion on candidates6 Influence6.1 Effect on voters6.2 Effect on politicians7 Regulation8 See also9 Footnotes10 References10.1 Additional sources11 External links History [ edit]The first known example of an opinion poll was a local straw poll conducted by The Aru Pennsylvanian in 1824, showing Andrew Jackson leading John Quincy Adams by 335 votes to 169 in the contest for the United States Presidency. Since Jackson won the popular vote in that state and the whole country, such straw votes gradually became more popular, but they remained local, usually citywide phenomena. In 1916, The Literary Digest embarked on a national survey (partly as a circulation-raising exercise) and correctly predicted Woodrow Wilson 's election as president. Mailing out millions of postcards and simply counting the returns, The Literary Digest correctly predicted the victories of Warren Harding in 1920, Calvin Coolidge in 1924, Herbert Hoover in 1928, and Franklin Roosevelt in 1932."
},
{
"docid": "D2681228#0",
"title": "http://www.bleacherreport.com/articles/1660795-ranking-the-8-best-bcs-coaches-who-never-played-division-i-football\nRanking the 8 Best BCS Coaches Who Never Played Division I Football",
"text": "College Football Ranking the 8 Best BCS Coaches Who Never Played Division I Football Michael Carroll June 4, 2013In every football player’s life, there comes a day when he realizes his career as a football player has ended. Some never make it past high school football, while others reach the Pro Football Hall of Fame. All have to choose how to continue their lives once playing football is no longer an option. The following men have such a passion for football that they have become head coaches at BCS programs despite never playing college football at the Division I level. When these men were playing, Division I was divided into Division I-A and Division I-AA. Today, these groups are called FBS and FCS, respectively. None of the coaches on this list played at either level. With that said, I have ranked who I believe are the eight best head coaches of BCS programs that never played Division I football. Note: The coach’s experience as a college football player appears at the head of each slide in italics.8. Dan Mullen (Mississippi State)1 of 8Ursinus College (1992-3), Centennial Conference (Division II)Dan Mullen should have Mississippi State consistently in the Top 25 discussion for the first time since Jackie Sherrill roamed the sidelines in the 1990s and early 2000s."
},
{
"docid": "D3238987#0",
"title": "http://www.politico.com/story/2015/12/donald-trump-2016-women-voters-217086\nDonald Trump's gender gap",
"text": "Congress Donald Trump's gender gap Polls show the billionaire businessman, under fire for his vulgar comments about Hillary Clinton, with a deficit when it comes to women voters. By STEVEN SHEPARD12/23/2015 05:15 AM ESTSome think that polls regarding Trump are inaccurate because many voters are unwilling to admit their love of the candidate. | Getty Facebook Twitter Google +Email Comment Print Donald Trump’s verbal attacks on women have done little to dent his meteoric rise, but a deeper look at his polling shows the threat of a gender gap ripping open if he becomes the GOP nominee. The billionaire businessman outdid himself during a rally in Michigan on Monday night, mocking Hillary Clinton for a “disgusting” bathroom trip she made during the most recent Democratic debate and commenting that Barack Obama “schlonged” her in the 2008 primaries. While it marked a new low for Trump, he’s no stranger to accusations of misogyny, with Fox News host Megyn Kelly sustaining vicious attacks after she pressed Trump on whether he was part of the “war on women” because of his past references to females as “fat pigs, dogs, slobs and disgusting animals. ”On the surface, it doesn’t appear that Trump’s gendered attacks have damaged his candidacy throughout his 6-month-old presidential campaign. Trump remains not just the national front-runner — he’s also ahead in many of the key early-nominating states. But Trump’s current coalition in the primaries relies heavily on male voters — especially less-educated men. The female vote is less important in Republican primaries — where, because women are more likely than men to be Democrats, they make up a minority of the electorate — and a candidate who appeals mostly to working-class males can emerge in a fractured field. Once that field is whittled to only the top candidates, however, the 40 percent to 50 percent of the GOP primary vote represented by women will become crucial."
},
{
"docid": "D2498530#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz_presidential_campaign,_2016\nTed Cruz presidential campaign, 2016",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Cruz for President Campaign Republican primaries, 2016Candidate Ted Cruz U. S. Senator from Texas (2013–present)Carly Fiorina CEO of Hewlett-Packard (1999–2005)Affiliation Republican Party Status Announced: March 23, 2015 Suspended: May 3, 2016Headquarters Houston, Texas, U. S. Key people Jeff Roe, campaign manager Jason Johnson, chief strategist Victoria Coates, national security adviser Receipts US$92,137,208 (2-29-2016 [1])Slogan Together, we will win Website Cruz for President The 2016 presidential campaign of Ted Cruz, the junior United States Senator from Texas, was announced on March 23, 2015. He was a candidate for the Republican Party's 2016 presidential nomination and won the second-most state contests and delegates. Cruz themed his campaign around being an outsider and a strict conservative. In the crowded early field, he chose not to directly confront the leading candidate, Donald Trump, who was also viewed as an outsider candidate. His cordial and sympathetic tone towards Trump contrasted with the more critical approach of rivals such as Jeb Bush, Marco Rubio, and Rand Paul. As the field narrowed, Cruz's position in the race strengthened, owing to his debate performances and strong field infrastructure. He won the Iowa Caucuses in February, the first contest of the race. But as the field narrowed and less-viable candidates dropped out, Republican support concentrated around Trump rather than Cruz. Trump beat Cruz handily on Super Tuesday and in most subsequent primaries. At this point, with the race essentially narrowed to one between Cruz and Trump, the two candidates began to openly criticize each other (whereas they had previously been notably cordial)."
},
{
"docid": "D3431109#0",
"title": "https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2016/08/13/app-maker---trump-win-election/88640044/\nApp maker: Trump will win election",
"text": "\"Join the Nation's Conversation To find out more about Facebook commenting please read the Conversation Guidelines and FAQs App maker: Trump will win election Jefferson Graham, USA TODAY Published 10:41 a.m. ET Aug. 13, 2016 | Updated 3:44 p.m. ET Aug. 13, 2016 (Photo: USA TODAY)CONNECT TWEET LINKEDIN COMMENT EMAIL MORELOS ANGELES — Despite a majority of opinion polls showing the 2016 presidential election going to Democrat Hillary Clinton, a smartphone app developer says his data suggests challenger Donald Trump will be the victor. “Based on the stats we see, he looks strong,” says Ric Militi, co-founder of San Diego-based Crazy Raccoons, maker of the Zip question and answer app. His app poses questions and polls responses based on an average of 100,000 daily users. “ I go with Trump, based on what we see. ”According to the Real Clear Politics average of opinion polls, which are performed by calling people on landlines and cell phones, and answering questions on websites, Clinton leads with 47.8%, to Trump’s 41.0%. Smartphone poll by Zip, the Q&A app differs from most other opinion polls. ( Photo: Screen shot)How can Zip’s results be so different?“We’re not a poll. We’re a conversation, and 100% anonymous,” Militi says. “ People feel comfortable answering questions without fear of being bullied or being called a racist. People can express themselves safely, and you get a pure answer."
},
{
"docid": "D1916708#0",
"title": "http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21665108\nKenya elections: Uhuru Kenyatta leads Raila Odinga",
"text": "\"Kenya elections: Uhuru Kenyatta leads Raila Odinga5 March 2013Share The BBC's Sophie Ikenye reports from Nairobi, where every ballot paper is held aloft to try and ensure the election's transparency Uhuru Kenyatta, who faces trial at the ICC next month, has established a large lead over rival Raila Odinga in early results from Kenya's presidential poll. With results in from over 40% of polling stations, Mr Kenyatta has 53% of the vote, against 42% for Mr Odinga. The head of the electoral commission emphasised these were provisional figures and urged Kenyans to wait patiently for the final outcome. In 2007-8, more than 1,000 people were killed in post-election violence. Clashes broke out after Mr Odinga claimed he had been cheated of victory by supporters of President Mwai Kibaki. Mr Kenyatta denies charges at the the International Criminal Court (ICC) that he was instrumental in organising the 2007-8 bloodshed. Violence has also marred the current election, with at least 19 people killed on Monday - mainly in coastal attacks attributed to separatists. Analysis By David Okwembah BBC Africa, Nairobi Increasing numbers of spoiled ballots have the two leading parties worried. The Coalition of Reforms and Democracy (Cord) - led by Raila Odinga, who is currently trailing in early results - wants the spoiled votes to be part of the final tally. If included, they could make the difference to whether a run-off is declared."
},
{
"docid": "D2330104#0",
"title": "http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/blunt-kander-locked-in-close-senate-race/article_6a3d3ad3-612d-510e-9ca4-fc41059fddaf.html\nBlunt, Kander locked in close Senate race",
"text": "Blunt, Kander locked in close Senate race By Chuck Raasch © St. Louis Post-Dispatch Jul 29, 2016 ( …)WASHINGTON • Missouri’s U. S. Senate race is very close, with incumbent Republican Roy Blunt holding a 4-percentage-point lead over his likely Democratic Party opponent in November, Secretary of State Jason Kander, according to a Post-Dispatch poll conducted by Mason-Dixon Polling & Research. Blunt’s edge was just within the poll’s margin of error. Both candidates have opponents in Tuesday’s primary, but each is heavily favored to win there. In a potential general election matchup, Blunt was favored by 47 percent of poll respondents, Kander by 43 percent. The poll of 625 likely voters was taken between the two national political conventions and has a margin of error of plus or minus 4 percentage points. U. S. Senate poll Poll for Missouri's Senate seat Roy Blunt—Republican 47%Jason Kander—Democrat 43%undecided 10%Total: 100Get the data The poll shows Blunt leading among middle-age and older voters and among those living in rural areas of the state. Kander leads among those in the 18-34 age range, and he draws the most support in the St. Louis and Kansas City metropolitan areas. The now-familiar gender gap is evident, with Blunt holding a double-digit advantage among men and Kander winning by a similar margin among women. The poll also shows a racial divide: Blacks overwhelmingly favor Kander, while Blunt shows a lead among whites of more than 20 points. Each candidate wins roughly nine of 10 voters in their respective parties, while Blunt has a narrow lead among self-identified independents."
},
{
"docid": "D1892536#0",
"title": "http://www.businessinsider.com/poll-hillary-clinton-donald-trump-trustworthy-honest-2015-7\nTrump and Clinton are leading the polls even though most Americans don't trust them",
"text": "\"Trump and Clinton are leading the polls even though most Americans don't trust them Maxwell Tani Jul. 30, 2015, 5:36 PM 11,408Former US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and her husband, former US President Bill Clinton, at the 37th Harkin Steak Fry in Indianola, Iowa, in September 2014. REUTERS/Jim Young Americans think Democratic presidential front-runner Hillary Clinton is about as trustworthy as Donald Trump. According to a new Quinnipiac University poll published Thursday, 57% of voters do not view Clinton as \"\"honest and trustworthy,\"\" compared to the 37% who believe that Clinton is trustworthy. Trump's numbers are almost identical: 58% of Americans view the GOP presidential candidate as not honest and trustworthy, compared to 33% who say they trust him. This isn't the first Quinnipiac poll to show Clinton's trust deficiency among voters. In June, a Quinnipiac poll of key swing-state voters showed that the majority of voters in states like Ohio, Florida, and Pennsylvania are not convinced of Clinton's trustworthiness. Polls of the states of Colorado, Iowa, and Virginia also displayed similar findings last week. For its part, the Clinton campaign is banking on her numbers improving as more Americans tune into the race and examine the candidates thoroughly. Clinton campaign manager Robby Mook told Time last month that he believes Clinton's trustworthiness will improve as voters start to consider each candidate's positions on key issues. \"\" We are just now launching the campaign in earnest and the key question in this campaign as it relates to trust is, who can everyday Americans trust to go to bat for them,\"\" Mook said. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D1619707#0",
"title": "http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections/election_2014/texas/election_2014_texas_governor\nElection 2014: Texas Governor",
"text": "Election 2014: Texas Governor Texas Governor: Abbott (R) 51%, Davis (D) 40%in Politics Related Articles Daily Presidential Tracking Poll Voters See ‘War on Women’ As Politics, Not Reality Perry for Prez? What Do Texans Think? Colorado Governor: Beauprez (R) 49%, Hickenlooper (D) 47%Illinois Governor: Rauner (R) 48%, Quinn (D) 47%Sign up for free daily updates Friday, October 03, 2014Republican Attorney General Greg Abbott has a double-digit lead over Democrat Wendy Davis in the race to be Texas’ first new governor in nearly 14 years. Abbott posts a 51% to 40% lead over Davis, a state senator, in Rasmussen Reports’ latest statewide telephone survey of Likely Texas Votes. Three percent (3%) like some other candidate, and seven percent (7%) are undecided. ( To see survey question wording, click here . ) Among the 82% of voters who say they will definitely vote in this election, Abbott leads 53% to 41%. This survey was taken on the two nights following the candidates’ last debate on Tuesday in Dallas. In early August, Abbott was ahead 48% to 40%, after leading by 12 points – 53% to 41% - in our first look at this race in March . Texas now shifts from Leans Republican to Safe Republican on the Rasmussen Reports 2014 Gubernatorial Scorecard."
}
] |
8392 | who is the owner of american pharaoh | [
{
"docid": "D1570160#0",
"title": "http://money.cnn.com/2015/05/21/news/companies/american-pharoah-gamblers-lawsuit/index.html\nAmerican Pharoah owner tied to illegal gamblers",
"text": "\"American Pharoah owner Ahmed Zayat holds up the trophy after his horse won the Preakness. Ahmed Zayat, the owner of Triple Crown contender American Pharoah, is on top of the horse racing world at the moment. But he's also entangled in a nasty federal lawsuit, in which a convicted gambler is accusing him of failing to honor millions of dollars in bets he allegedly made with offshore gambling sites. The suit was filed last year by Howard Rubinsky, who in 2008 pleaded guilty to federal gambling and money laundering charges. Rubinsky charges that Zayat owes him $1.7 million to cover bets he made for Zayat with online gambling sites. Zayat, in court filing, denies all of the charges and is seeking to have the case dismissed. Asked for a comment, his attorney referred to the case as a \"\"meritless claim relating to allegations from 11 years ago. \"\" In court filings Zayat admits to knowing Rubinsky, who he said was introduced to him by Jeffery and Michael Jelinsky, brothers who have also pleaded guilty to federal gambling charges. Zayat said at the time of the introduction he considered the Jelinsky brothers to be his friends. And he admitted giving Rubinsky $50,000 in either 2007 or 2008 when he was facing legal troubles \"\"to help him get back on his feet. \"\""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D812403#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pharaohs\nList of pharaohs",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( March 2012) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Pharaoh of Egypt The Pschent combined the Red Crown of Lower Egypt and the White Crown of Upper Egypt. A typical depiction of a pharaoh. Details Style Five-name titulary First monarch Narmer (a.k.a. Menes)Last monarch Nectanebo II (last native) [1]Cleopatra & Caesarion (last actual)Formation c. 3100 BCAbolition 343 BC (last native pharaoh) [1] 30 BC (last Greek pharaohs)Residence Varies by era Appointer Divine right This article contains a list of the pharaohs of Ancient Egypt, from the Early Dynastic Period before 3100 BC through to the end of the Ptolemaic Dynasty, when Egypt became a province of Rome under Augustus Caesar in 30 BC. Note that the dates given are approximate. The list of pharaohs presented below is based on the conventional chronology of Ancient Egypt, mostly based on the Digital Egypt for Universities database developed by the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, but alternative dates taken from other authorities may be indicated separately. Contents [ hide ]1 Ancient Egyptian king lists2 Predynastic period2.1 Lower Egypt2.2 Upper Egypt3 Early Dynastic Period3.1 Predynastic rulers: Dynasty 03.2 First Dynasty3.3 Second Dynasty4 Old Kingdom4.1 Third Dynasty4.2 Fourth Dynasty4.3 Fifth Dynasty4.4 Sixth Dynasty5 First Intermediate Period5.1 Seventh and Eighth Dynasties (combined)5.2 Ninth Dynasty5.3 Tenth Dynasty5.4 Eleventh Dynasty6 Middle Kingdom6.1 Eleventh Dynasty continued6.2 Enigmatic kings, only attested in Lower Nubia6.3 Twelfth Dynasty7 Second Intermediate Period7.1 Thirteenth Dynasty7.2 Fourteenth Dynasty7.3 Fifteenth Dynasty7.4 Abydos Dynasty7.5 Sixteenth Dynasty7.6 Seventeenth Dynasty8 New Kingdom8.1 Eighteenth Dynasty8.2 Nineteenth Dynasty8.3 Twentieth Dynasty9 Third Intermediate Period9.1 Twenty-first Dynasty9.2 Theban High Priests of Amun9.3 Twenty-second Dynasty9.4 Twenty-third Dynasty9.5 Twenty-fourth Dynasty9.6 Twenty-fifth Dynasty10 Late Period10.1 Twenty-sixth Dynasty10.2 Twenty-seventh Dynasty (first Persian period)10.3 Twenty-eighth Dynasty10.4 Twenty-ninth Dynasty10.5 Thirtieth Dynasty10.6 Thirty-first Dynasty (second Persian period)11 Hellenistic period11.1 Argead Dynasty11.2 Ptolemaic Dynasty12 Rome13 See also14 Bibliography15 References16 External links Ancient Egyptian king lists [ edit]Modern lists of pharaohs are based on historical records: Ancient Egyptian king lists and later histories, such as Manetho 's Aegyptiaca, as well as archaeological evidence."
},
{
"docid": "D3379443#0",
"title": "https://www.pinterest.com/scarlettgoddess/the-land-of-kemet-ancient-egypt/\nThe Land of Kemet - Ancient Egypt",
"text": "\"Get Tangled in These Mythical God Family Trees Egyptian Anubis Egyptian Names Ancient Egyptian Art Ancient Myths Ancient Egypt History Ancient Egypt Religion Ancient Names Ancient Greek Egyptian Queen Get Tangled in These Mythical God Family Trees - Get Tangled in These Mythical God Family Trees - A fun visual of the Egyptian Gods and their relations. All ages (educator note, mention of affairs, etc on the poster)See more Funny History Facts Funny Wtf Facts Weird Science Facts History Weird Interesting History Facts Strange Facts Weird Facts Random Facts Black History May be due to the elevated human growth hormone in the urine which is modern day pregnancy tests measure. See more Gold Work Dental Works Egyptian Mummies Dentistry Ancient History Ancient Aliens Archaeology Amazing Awesome The earliest evidence of ancient dentistry we have is an amazingly detailed dental work on a mummy from ancient Egypt that archaeologists have dated to 2000 BCE. The work shows intricate gold work. See more Luxor Egypt Ancient History Ancient Aliens Valley Of The Kings Civilization Egypt Decorations Travel To Egypt Egyptian Pyramid Les Rois Tomb of Ramesses VI at the Valley of the Kings in Luxor Egypt ancient egypt food See more Egyptian Artwork Tutankhamun Ancient History Ancient Art Ancient Egyptian Artifacts A Lion Enemies El Cairo Egyptiansancient-egypts-secrets: “ Egyptian ceremonial shield, from the tomb of Tutankhamun B. The king is represented as a lion trampling two enemies. See more Houses Houses Family Houses Ancient Egypt Architecture Ancient Egypt Pyramids Ancient Egypt Pharaohs Ancient History Compound House Compound Wall Egyptian Layout of a house of a wealthy Egyptian. See more Luxor Temple Luxor Egypt Egyptian Art Ancient Egypt Ancient Art Ancient History Statue Of Egypt Civilization Cairo Museum Cairo, detail from statue of of their cow god Hathor with suckling Amenhotep II, in Shrine dedicated to Hathor by Thutmosis III, dynasty;See more National Museum Ancient Jewelry Metropolitan Museum Goldfish Scotland Egyptians Museums Amulets Fishing Gold Fish Pendant - Egyptian Middle Kingdom (Photo: courtesy of National Museums Scotland) This piece will be part of the Metropolitan Museum's fall exhibit, \"\"Artistic Achievements of the Middle Kingdom. See more Nefertiti Tomb Queen Nefertiti Egypt Queen Egypt Art Ancient Egyptian Art Ancient History Ancient Aliens King Tut Tomb Ma Passion Ancient Egyptian Art: (not canvas) Queen Nefertiti's Tomb. See more Ancient Egypt Ancient History Egyptian Art Tutankhamun King Tut Tomb Palio Cleopatra Archaeology Slay*EGYPT~Egyptian ceremonial shield, from the tomb of Tutankhamun (pharaoh Tut) B., the king is holding a scimitar with his right hand, ready to slay two lions whose tails are grasped in his left hand. See more Statues Ancient History El Cairo Ancient Egyptian Artifacts Ancient Egypt Art Ancient Aliens Egyptians Museums Cairo Museum*Red Granite statue of Pharaoh Tehuti-mes or Thutmose III: Egyptian Museum, Cairo See more Mapped for the first time, the real-life Atlantis: 3D map shows how Egyptian trade centre buried for 1,200 years would have looked Sunken City Underwater Images The Egyptian Egyptian Goddess Trade Centre Ancient History Ancient Aliens Ancient Egyptian Artifacts The Temple*HERACLEION ~ An ancient sunken city has been found off the Egyptian coast and its treasures uncovered by French underwater archaeologist Franck Goddio."
},
{
"docid": "D1614667#0",
"title": "http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/02/100216-king-tut-malaria-bones-inbred-tutankhamun/\nKing Tut Mysteries Solved: Was Disabled, Malarial, and Inbred",
"text": "\"King Tut Mysteries Solved: Was Disabled, Malarial, and Inbred\"\"Frail boy\"\" needed cane, says study, which also found oldest genetic proof of malaria. One of several, this golden \"\"coffinette\"\" (detail pictured) held part of King Tut's organs. Photograph by Kenneth Garrett, National Geographic Stock By Ker Than, for National Geographic News PUBLISHED February 17, 2010King Tut may be seen as the golden boy of ancient Egypt today, but during his reign, Tutankhamun wasn't exactly a strapping sun god. Related Content Strange Sea Creature Washes Ashore, Stumps Scientists Go Inside Bolivia's Mystical Witch Market Scores of Dolphin Deaths Have Scientists Baffled Instead, a new DNA study says, King Tut was a frail pharaoh, beset by malaria and a bone disorder—his health possibly compromised by his newly discovered incestuous origins. ( King Tut Pictures: DNA Study Reveals Health Secrets. ) The report is the first DNA study ever conducted with ancient Egyptian royal mummies. It apparently solves several mysteries surrounding King Tut, including how he died and who his parents were. \"\" He was not a very strong pharaoh. He was not riding the chariots,\"\" said study team member Carsten Pusch, a geneticist at Germany's University of Tübingen. \"\" Picture instead a frail, weak boy who had a bit of a club foot and who needed a cane to walk. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D1503337#0",
"title": "http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/names.htm\nAncient Egyptian Names",
"text": "\"Ancient Egyptian Namesby Jimmy Dunn writing as Jefferson Monet Anyone who has studied the ancient pharaohs knows that their names were important from the earliest times through the end of ancient Egyptian history, frequently offering clues to their personality, the period in which they lived and particularly, the gods that they most worshipped. But it was not only the kings who placed great store in names. All Egyptian's names were carefully chosen, apparently for commoners and royalty alike, though one major difference is that the names of common Egyptians were not preserved in cartouches, as were those of royalty.. At times, some of the naming techniques of the ancient Egyptians could also lead to considerable confusion. This is obvious among some kings, who had a number of different names, but at times also changed their names, particularly when they inherited or otherwise ascended to the throne of Egypt. Furthermore, some individuals seem to possibly have had different names in different parts of Egypt. It has been suggested, for example, that the first born son of Ramesses II, Amunhikhopshef, may have been called Sethikhopshjef in the north of Egypt. Hence, the god Amun of the south was used in Upper Egypt while the favored deity, Seth, was used in Lower Egypt. The possibility that people could be called one name in one location, and a different one elsewhere, has some justification in the names of gods. For example, chapter 142 of the Book of the Dead carries the heading \"\"Knowing the names of Osiris in his every seat where he wishes to be\"\", and is an extensive list of geographically local versions of Osiris. However, it should be noted that this may have been a complete name change, or possibly even another son of Ramesses II."
},
{
"docid": "D2274704#0",
"title": "https://www.livescience.com/60044-ancient-egyptian-pharaoh-first-human-giant.html\nAncient Egyptian Pharaoh May Be the 1st Known 'Giant'",
"text": "\"Live Science History Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh May Be the 1st Known 'Giant'By Charles Q. Choi, Live Science Contributor | August 4, 2017 11:43am ETMOREThe possible skull of ancient Egyptian pharaoh Sanakht of the Third Dynasty. Credit: Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland The supposed remains of Sa-Nakht, a pharaoh of ancient Egypt, may be the oldest known human giant, a new study finds. Myths abound with stories of giants, from the frost and fire giants of Norse legends to the Titans who warred with the gods in ancient Greek mythology. However, giants are more than just myth; accelerated and excessive growth, a condition known as gigantism, can occur when the body generates too much growth hormone. This usually occurs because of a tumor on the pituitary gland of the brain. As part of ongoing research into mummies, scientists investigated a skeleton found in 1901 in a tomb near Beit Khallaf in Egypt. Previous research estimated that the bones dated from the Third Dynasty of Egypt, about 2700 B. C. [ Photos: The Amazing Mummies of Peru and Egypt]Prior work suggested that the skeleton of the man — who would have stood at up to 6 feet 1.6 inches (1.987 meters) tall — may have belonged to Sa-Nakht, a pharaoh during the Third Dynasty. Previous research on ancient Egyptian mummies suggested the average height for men around this time was about 5 feet 6 inches (1.7 m), said study co-author Michael Habicht, an Egyptologist at the University of Zurich's Institute of Evolutionary Medicine. Ancient Egyptian kings were likely better fed and in better health than commoners of the era, so they could be expected grow taller than average. Still, the over-6-foot-tall remains the scientists analyzed would have towered over Ramesses II, the tallest recorded ancient Egyptian pharaoh, who lived more than 1,000 years after Sa-Nakht and was only about 5 feet 9 inches (1.75 m) tall, Habicht said."
},
{
"docid": "D2719319#0",
"title": "http://www.dogbreedplus.com/dog_breeds/pharaoh_hound.php\nPharaoh Hound",
"text": "The Pharaoh Hound is a medium to large purebred from Malta also known as the Kelb Tal-Fenek and the Kleb tal Fennec (which translates to rabbit dog). As its native name suggests it was bred for hunting especially prey like rabbit and today it does well in lure coursing and obedience events. It is a noble looking dog and one that is very eager to please so it makes a great companion too. It is a very old old breed and in 1979 appeared on a silver coin in Malta to commemorate it as the country's national dog. The Pharaoh Hound at A Glance Name Pharaoh Hound Other names Kelb Tal-Fenek, Kleb tal Fennec Nicknames Pharaoh Origin Malta Average size Medium to large Average weight 45 to 55 pounds Average height 21 to 25 inches Life span 11 to 14 years Coat type Fine, harsh, short, smooth Hypoallergenic No Color Tan, red, chestnut, white markings Popularity Not that popular – ranked 168th by the AKCIntelligence Above average – takes 15 to 25 repetitions to understand new commands Tolerance to heat Excellent – can handle even extremely hot climates Tolerance to cold Low – not good in cold at all of any kind, will need protection Shedding Average – will have some hair but not a out of control Drooling Low – not a breed prone to slobber or drool Obesity Above average – likes its food but is meant to be a slender dog, measure the food and treats and make sure it is well exercised Grooming/brushing Low – not much extra to do apart from the usual occasional brush Barking Frequent – a command to stop should be included with its training Exercise needs Very active – best with owners who enjoy being active too Trainability Moderately easy – results will be gradual but not painfully slow!Friendliness Excellent with socialization Good first dog Very good – new owners should be okay with it Good family pet Excellent with socialization Good with children Excellent with socialization Good with other dogs Excellent with socialization Good with other pets Good but needs socialization – has strong chase instinct Good with strangers Very good with socialization Good apartment dog Good but its barking could be an issue Handles alone time well Moderate – does not like being left alone for long periods Health issues Very healthy only a few issues could come up such as anesthesia sensitivity and allergies Medical expenses $485 a year for basic health care and pet insurance Food expenses $270 a year for dog treats and a good quality dry dog food Miscellaneous expenses $245 a year for miscellaneous items, license, toys and basic training Average annual expenses $1000 a year as a starting figure Cost to purchase $2,500Rescue organizations Several including SPAR and the Pharaoh Hound Club of America Biting Statistics None reported Advertisement The Pharaoh Hound's Beginnings The Pharaoh Hound's beginnings is something that is something of a hot topic. A lot of dog sites will tell you it is from ancient Egypt, that there are paintings in caves that have it depicted on and that ancient Egyptian Pharaohs owned it. While it does have some of the looks of dogs from that time in Egypt in fact DNA testing has proven that this breed does not come from there at all and there is no proof other than those images. With further research you will find that in fact this misconception occurred from when the breed was discovered by visiting Europeans who described the dog as like a Pharaonen hund, a Pharaoh hound, and they themselves have said the name they gave it was not meant to suggest or claim that it was Egyptian in origin, just that it resembled dogs from there. In Malta it is not called a Pharaoh Hound, it is known as the Kelb tal-Fenek or rabbit hound. The first written reference dates back to the mid 1600s and before that its history is not known."
},
{
"docid": "D3452292#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_funerary_practices\nAncient Egyptian funerary practices",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Part of a series on Ancient Egyptian religion Beliefs [show]Practices [show]Deities [show]Texts [show]Related religions [show]Ancient Egypt portalv t e The ancient Egyptians had an elaborate set of funerary practices that they believed were necessary to ensure their immortality after death (the afterlife). These rituals and protocols included mummifying the body, casting magic spells, and burial with specific grave goods thought to be needed in the Egyptian afterlife. [ 1] [2]The ancient Egyptian burial process evolved over time as old customs were discarded and new ones adopted, but several important elements of the process persisted. Though specific details changed over time, the preparation of the body, the magic rituals, and grave goods were all essential parts of a proper Egyptian funeral. There were many different gods to prepare for. The ancient Egyptians believed that each god would separately judge the deceased before he could enter the afterlife. Contents [ hide ]1 History1.1 Prehistory, earliest burials1.2 Predynastic period, development of customs1.3 Early Dynastic Period, tombs and coffins1.4 Old Kingdom, pyramids and mummification1.5 First Intermediate Period, regional variation1.6 Middle Kingdom, new tomb contents1.7 Second Intermediate Period, foreigner burials1.8 New Kingdom, new object purposes1.9 Third Intermediate Period1.10 Late Period, monumentality and return to traditions1.11 Ptolemaic period, Hellenistic influences1.12 Roman period, Roman influences2 Funerary rituals3 Mummification3.1 Embalming3.2 Mummification process4 Burial rituals5 Tombs6 Coffins7 Damnation8 Funerary texts9 Judgement10 Burial goods11 Funerary Boats12 Role of Animals13 See also14 References15 External links History [ edit]Professional mourners in an eloquent gesture of mourning. Dynasties of Ancient Egypt Predynastic Protodynastic Early Period Old Kingdom First Intermediate Period Middle Kingdom Second Intermediate Period New Kingdom Third Intermediate Period First Persian Period Late Period Second Persian Period Ptolemaic Periodv t e Though no writing survives from Predynastic Egypt, scholars believe the importance of the physical body and its preservation originated there. This would explain why people of that time did not follow the common practice of cremation, but rather buried the dead. Some also believe they may have feared the bodies would rise again if mistreated after death. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3356221#0",
"title": "http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/ay.html\nAy (Aye)",
"text": "\"Ay (Aye)Ay (Aye) was the second last Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of the New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt. It is thought that he ruled Egypt for four years from around 1323BC, however, he had been the vizier of both Akhenaten Tutankhamun and possibly also of Smenkhare. It is widely believed that in his position as the vizier of the young Tutankhamun he was the real power behind the throne and some also consider that he murdered Tutankhamun and married Ankhesenamun (the wife of Tutankhamun and the daughter of Akhenaten) in order to seize the throne for himself. Family background It seems likely that he was born in or around Akhmin (known to the Egyptians as Ipu, or Khent-min and the Greeks as Khemmis or Panopolis), the capital of the ninth nome of Upper Egypt. He constructed a chapel to Min (the patron of Akhmin) in the vicinity of the city, adding weight to this theory. Ay is thought to have been of common birth. He may have been the son of Yuya, a respected official who held many offices including; priest of Min, \"\"Master of the Horse\"\" (charioteer) and \"\"Overseer of the herds of Akhmin\"\". If this is the case he was also the brother of Tiye (the Great Royal Wife of Amenhotep III) and may also have been of part Syrian descent. There is no conclusive evidence that Ay was Yuya's son, but commentators have noted the physical similarities between monumental depictions of Ay and the bone structure of Yuya's mummy. It is also possible that Ay and his wife Tey were the parents of Nefertiti (the Great Wife of Akhenaten) and Mutnedjmet (the Great Wife of Ay's successor Horemheb)."
},
{
"docid": "D801306#0",
"title": "http://biblehub.com/exodus/7-10.htm\n.",
"text": "Verse (Click for Chapter)New International Version So Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and did just as the LORD commanded. Aaron threw his staff down in front of Pharaoh and his officials, and it became a snake. New Living Translation So Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and did what the LORD had commanded them. Aaron threw down his staff before Pharaoh and his officials, and it became a serpent! English Standard Version So Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and did just as the LORD commanded. Aaron cast down his staff before Pharaoh and his servants, and it became a serpent. New American Standard Bible So Moses and Aaron came to Pharaoh, and thus they did just as the LORD had commanded; and Aaron threw his staff down before Pharaoh and his servants, and it became a serpent. King James Bible And Moses and Aaron went in unto Pharaoh, and they did so as the LORD had commanded: and Aaron cast down his rod before Pharaoh, and before his servants, and it became a serpent. Christian Standard Bible So Moses and Aaron went in to Pharaoh and did just as the LORD had commanded. Aaron threw down his staff before Pharaoh and his officials, and it became a serpent."
},
{
"docid": "D2981258#0",
"title": "http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/egypt/a/egyptglossary.htm\nDynastic Egypt Timeline - 2,700 Years of Change in Egyptian Society",
"text": "List Dynastic Egypt Timeline - 2,700 Years of Change in Egyptian Society Article Ancient Egypt's 1st Intermediate Period List Pictures of the Periods of History in Ancient Egypt List The 10 Plagues of Egypt Article The Nile River and Nile Delta in Egypt Article Ancient Egyptian History: Mastabas, the Original Pyramids Article Old Kingdom: Ancient Egypt's Old Kingdom Period List Ancient Egypt Picture Gallery Article Assyria: An Introduction to the Ancient Empire Article How Did King Tutankhamun Die? List Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt Article What You Should Know About the Rosetta Stone Article Pharaoh Thutmose III and the Battle of Megiddo Article Meet the Nubian Pharaohs of Twenty-Fifth Dynasty Egypt Article Pharaoh Amenhotep III and Queen Tiye Article Sobek, Crocodile God of Ancient Egypt Article What Did the Ancient Egyptians Call Egypt? Article Timeline of Major Events in the Life of Cleopatra Article Egyptian View of Death and Their Pyramids Article Ancient Egypt's Middle Kingdom Period List Current Situation in Egypt Article What Is the Great Sphinx? List The Main Pyramids of Egypt Article Second Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt Article Cleopatra Study Guide Article Cleopatra VII: The Last Pharaoh of Egypt List Famous People Who Worked at the Ancient Library of Alexandria View More Learn more about History & Culture American History African American History African History Ancient History & Culture Asian History European History Genealogy Inventions Latin American History Medieval & Renaissance History Military History The 20th Century Women's History"
},
{
"docid": "D2368272#0",
"title": "http://www.nhne.com/specialreports/srpyramid.html\nThe Great Pyramid & The Sphinx",
"text": "\"A NHNE Special Report: The Great Pyramid & The Sphinx Friday, November 25, 1994 By David Sunfellow© Copyright 1994 By New Heaven New Earth Published By New Heaven New Earth / [email protected] Please feel free to pass this NHNE Special Report on to as many people as you like. If you do share this NHNE Special Report with others, we ask that you reproduce it in its entirety (including all credits, copyright notices and addresses), not alter its contents in any way, and pass it on to others free of charge. The Great Pyramid & The Sphinx A Summary Of Current Archeological, Geological & Psychic Controversies By David Sunfellow Ancient Egypt. No other human civilization lasted longer or produced a greater collection of astonishing monuments. And of all the monuments ancient Egypt produced--indeed, of all the monuments the race of man has ever produced--none are more grand, more genuinely stunning than the Great Pyramid of Giza and its solitary guardian, the Great Sphinx. Who built these incredible monuments and why? When were they built and how? Are these ancient monuments the handiwork of ancient Egyptians as today's archeologists and Egyptologists believe, or are they the handiwork of other, more technologically advanced civilizations--possibly Atlanteans or extraterrestrials? Although everyone (professional and lay person alike) seems to have some kind of theory about how these great monuments came to be, no one has yet come forth with a theory that ties together all the pieces of the puzzle (at least no one we know of). There are, however, several fascinating controversies presently whirling around these ancient monuments that we wanted to share with you."
},
{
"docid": "D934484#0",
"title": "http://www.masters-table.org/pagan/oblis.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Obelisk's of the world Research and study By: Timothy M. Youngblood Copyright © The Master's Table What is an Obelisk and where did they come from? After studying this paper a Christian might ask should we accept the obelisks such as these in Rome, London, New York, and Washington? You will find they did not come from Christianity. You might want to read the statement at the end of this study. Author/Webmaster o f the Master's table. A n obelisk is a monolithic stone monument whose four sides, which generally carry inscriptions, gently taper into a pyramidion at the top. The ancient Egyptians usually erected them in pairs and associated them with the rays of the Sun, which increase in width as they reach the Earth. The earliest known examples, excavated at Abu Sir, Egypt, date from the Old Kingdom during the reign of Neuserre (2449-2417 BC). The unfinished obelisk in the quarry at Aswan shows how these monuments, some more than 32 m (105 ft) long, were cut as single pieces of red granite. Their transport on barges down the Nile is depicted on relief sculptures."
},
{
"docid": "D2512960#0",
"title": "http://www.crystalinks.com/egyptnews.html\n.",
"text": "\"Egypt in the News ... Archaeologists find ancient necropolis in Egypt - tombs belonging to priests of Thoth Phys Org - February 24, 2018 Egypt's Antiquities Ministry announced on Saturday the discovery of an ancient necropolis near the Nile Valley city of Minya, south of Cairo, the latest discovery in an area known to house ancient catacombs from the Pharaonic Late Period and the Ptolemaic dynasty. The large cemetery is located north of Tuna al-Gabal area, a vast archaeological site on the edge of the western desert. It hosts a range of family tombs and graves. Archaeologists started excavation work in the area started late last year on a quest to find the remainder of the cemetery of Upper Egypt's 15th nome during ancient times. They found tombs belonging to priests of Thoth, the ancient god of the moon and wisdom. One tomb includes more than 1,000 statues and four well preserved alabaster canopic jars inscribed with hieroglyphics and designed to hold the mummified internal organs of their owner who was a high priest of the god Thoth. The priest's mummy was also found decorated with blue and red beads and bronze gilded sheets. Archaeologists also uncovered 40 sarcophagi believed to belong to the priest's family members, some bearing the names of their owners in hieroglyphics. Extraterrestrial diamond-studded 'HypatiaÕ stone found in Egypt is unlike anything seen in our solar system ever before, say scientists Daily Mail - January 12, 2018 A chunk of rock which fell to Earth and was discovered in the deserts of Egypt may hold the key to our understanding of how the solar system was formed. The Hypatia stone, named for the first Western woman mathematician and astronomer, contains minerals unlike anything seen before in our solar system."
},
{
"docid": "D1491831#0",
"title": "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3193092/Has-Queen-Nefertiti-Scientist-claims-discovered-secret-door-burial-chamber-Tutankhamun-s-tomb.html\nHas Queen Nefertiti been found behind King Tut's tomb? Scientist claims to have discovered a secret door to her burial chamber in Tutankhamun's grave, the boy king who may have been her son",
"text": "Has Queen Nefertiti been found behind King Tut's tomb? Scientist claims to have discovered a secret door to her burial chamber in Tutankhamun's grave, the boy king who may have been her son Radical claim made by Dr Nicholas Reeves at the University of Arizona He analysed high-resolution scans of the walls of Tutankhamun's grave Dr Reeves says he found 'ghosts' of doors that tomb builders blocked The door on the north side contains 'the undisturbed burial of the tomb's original owner - Nefertiti', Dr Reeves argues By Ellie Zolfagharifard For Dailymail.com Published: 20:58 EDT, 10 August 2015 | Updated: 21:45 EDT, 11 August 201518kshares901View comments Almost 100 years since its discovery, the tomb of Tutankhamun, the boy-king of ancient Egypt, continues to reveal its secrets. A researcher claims to have found a 'ghost' doorway hiding beneath the plaster on the wall of the burial chamber, which he believes leads to the tomb of the ruler's supposed mother, Queen Nefertiti. Famed for her exquisite beauty, the grave of Nefertiti or the 'Lady of the Two Lands' has been lost for centuries since her sudden death in 1340 BC. Scroll down for video+10Scans of the north wall of King Tutankhamun's burial chamber have revealed features beneath the intricately decorated plaster (left) a researcher believes may be a hidden door, possibly to the burial chamber of Nefertiti. He claims faults in the rock (highlighted right) are characteristic of a door being cut and bricked up Previous DNA analysis has suggested King Tutankhamun's mother may have been a mummy known as the Younger Lady, who is also thought to be his father's sister. However, there are some Egyptologists who claim that it is actually Nefertiti, the chief wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten and mother to six of his children, who is Tutankhamun's mother. Dr Nicholas Reeves, an English archaeologist at the University of Arizona, has now provided new evidence to support these claims in a report published by the Amarna Royal Tombs Project. RELATED ARTICLESPrevious 1 Next What happened to the lost colonists of Roanoke?... Underwater Stonehenge-style rock found in the Mediterranean... Share this article After analysing high-resolution scans of the walls of Tutankhamun's grave complex in the Valley of the Kings, Dr Reeves spotted what appeared to be a secret entrance."
},
{
"docid": "D152784#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhenaten\nAkhenaten",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Not to be confused with Akhaten. \"\" Akhnaton\"\" redirects here. For the play by Agatha Christie, see Akhnaton (play). For the opera by Philip Glass, see Akhnaten (opera). For other uses of \"\"Akhenaten\"\", see Akhenaten (disambiguation). Akhenaten Amenhotep IVAmenophis IV, Naphu (`)rureya, Ikhnaton [1]Statue of Akhenaten in the early Amarna style. Pharaoh Reign 1353–1336 BC [2] or 1351–1334 BC [3] ( 18th Dynasty of Egypt)Predecessor Amenhotep IIISuccessor Smenkhkare [ show]Royal titulary Consort Nefertiti Kiya Meritaten Ankhesenamun An unidentified sister Children Smenkhkare? Meritaten Meketaten Ankhesenamun Neferneferuaten Tasherit Neferneferure Setepenre Tutankhamun Ankhesenpaaten Tasherit? Father Amenhotep IIIMother Tiye Died 1336 or 1334 BCBurial Royal Tomb of Akhenaten, Amarna (original tomb) KV55 (disputed) [6]Monuments Akhetaten, Gempaaten, Hwt-Benben Religion Ancient Egyptian religion Atenism Akhenaten ( / ˌ æ k ə ˈ n ɑː t ən /; [1] also spelled Echnaton, [7] Akhenaton, [8]Ikhnaton, [9] and Khuenaten; [10] [11] meaning \"\"Effective for Aten\"\"), known before the fifth year of his reign as Amenhotep IV (sometimes given its Greek form, Amenophis IV, and meaning \"\" Amun Is Satisfied\"\"), was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty who ruled for 17 years and died perhaps in 1336 BC or 1334 BC. He is noted for abandoning traditional Egyptian polytheism and introducing worship centered on the Aten, which is sometimes described as monolatristic, henotheistic, or even quasi- monotheistic."
},
{
"docid": "D268302#0",
"title": "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Pharaoh\nPharaoh",
"text": "\"Pharaoh Also found in: Thesaurus, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia . Phar·aohor phar·aoh (fâr′ō, fā′rō)n.1. A king of ancient Egypt.2. A tyrant. [ Middle English Pharao, from Late Latin Pharaō, from Greek, from Hebrew par'ō, from Egyptianpr-'' : pr, house + '', great . ] Phar′a·on′ic (fâr′ā-ŏn′ĭk) adj. American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved."
},
{
"docid": "D1123202#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_burial_customs\nAncient Egyptian funerary practices",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Ancient Egyptian burial customs)navigation search Part of a series on Ancient Egyptian religion Beliefs [show]Practices [show]Deities [show]Texts [show]Related religions [show]Ancient Egypt portalv t e The ancient Egyptians had an elaborate set of funerary practices that they believed were necessary to ensure their immortality after death (the afterlife). These rituals and protocols included mummifying the body, casting magic spells, and burial with specific grave goods thought to be needed in the Egyptian afterlife. [ 1] [2]The ancient Egyptian burial process evolved over time as old customs were discarded and new ones adopted, but several important elements of the process persisted. Though specific details changed over time, the preparation of the body, the magic rituals, and grave goods were all essential parts of a proper Egyptian funeral. There were many different gods to prepare for. The ancient Egyptians believed that each god would separately judge the deceased before he could enter the afterlife. Contents [ hide ]1 History1.1 Prehistory, earliest burials1.2 Predynastic period, development of customs1.3 Early Dynastic Period, tombs and coffins1.4 Old Kingdom, pyramids and mummification1.5 First Intermediate Period, regional variation1.6 Middle Kingdom, new tomb contents1.7 Second Intermediate Period, foreigner burials1.8 New Kingdom, new object purposes1.9 Third Intermediate Period1.10 Late Period, monumentality and return to traditions1.11 Ptolemaic period, Hellenistic influences1.12 Roman period, Roman influences2 Funerary rituals3 Mummification3.1 Embalming3.2 Mummification process4 Burial rituals5 Tombs6 Coffins7 Damnation8 Funerary texts9 Judgement10 Burial goods11 Funerary Boats12 Role of Animals13 See also14 References15 External links History [ edit]Professional mourners in an eloquent gesture of mourning. Dynasties of Ancient Egypt Predynastic Protodynastic Early Period Old Kingdom First Intermediate Period Middle Kingdom Second Intermediate Period New Kingdom Third Intermediate Period First Persian Period Late Period Second Persian Period Ptolemaic Periodv t e Though no writing survives from Predynastic Egypt, scholars believe the importance of the physical body and its preservation originated there. This would explain why people of that time did not follow the common practice of cremation, but rather buried the dead. Some also believe they may have feared the bodies would rise again if mistreated after death. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2133209#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastic_Egypt\nHistory of ancient Egypt",
"text": "\"History of ancient Egypt From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Dynastic Egypt)navigation search Part of a series on the History of Egypt Prehistoric Egypt pre–3150 BCAncient Egypt Early Dynastic Period 3150–2686 BCOld Kingdom 2686–2181 BC1st Intermediate Period 2181–2055 BCMiddle Kingdom 2055–1650 BC2nd Intermediate Period 1650–1550 BCNew Kingdom 1550–1069 BC3rd Intermediate Period 1069–744 BCKushite Egypt 744–656 BCTwenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt 664–525 BCClassical antiquity Achaemenid Egypt 525–404 BCTwenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt 404–398 BCTwenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt 398–380 BCThirtieth Dynasty of Egypt 380–343 BCAchaemenid Egypt 343–332 BCMacedonian and Ptolemaic Egypt 332–30 BCRoman and Byzantine Egypt 30 BC–641 ADSasanian Egypt 619–629Middle Ages Rashidun Egypt 641–661Umayyad Egypt 661–750Abbasid Egypt 750–935Tulunid Egypt 868–905Ikhshidid Egypt 935–969Fatimid Egypt 969–1171Ayyubid Egypt 1171–1250Mamluk Egypt 1250–1517Early modern Ottoman Egypt 1517–1867French occupation 1798–1801Egypt under Muhammad Ali 1805–1882Khedivate of Egypt 1867–1914Modern Egypt British occupation 1882–1922Sultanate of Egypt 1914–1922Kingdom of Egypt 1922–1953Republic 1953–present Egypt portalv t e The history of ancient Egypt spans the period from the early prehistoric settlements of the northern Nile valley to the Roman conquest, in 30 BC. The Pharaonic Period is dated from the 32nd century BC, when Upper and Lower Egypt were unified, until the country fell under Macedonian rule, in 332 BC. Contents [ hide ]1 Chronology2 Neolithic Egypt2.1 Neolithic period2.2 Prehistoric Egypt3 Dynastic Egypt3.1 Early dynastic period3.2 Old Kingdom3.3 First Intermediate Period3.4 Middle Kingdom3.5 Second Intermediate Period and the Hyksos3.6 New Kingdom3.6.1 Eighteenth Dynasty3.6.2 Nineteenth Dynasty3.6.3 Twentieth Dynasty3.7 Third Intermediate Period3.8 Late Period3.9 Persian domination3.10 Ptolemaic dynasty4 References5 Further reading5.1 Pharaonic Egypt5.2 Ptolemaic Egypt6 External links Chronology [ edit]Note For alternative 'revisions' to the chronology of Egypt, see Egyptian chronology. Egypt's history is split into several different periods according to the ruling dynasty of each pharaoh. The dating of events is still a subject of research. The conservative dates are not supported by any reliable absolute date for a span of about three millennia. The following is the list according to conventional Egyptian chronology. Prehistoric Egypt (Prior to 3100 BC)Naqada III (\"\"the protodynastic period\"\"; approximately 3100–3000 BC)Early Dynastic Period ( First – Second Dynasties)Old Kingdom ( Third – Sixth Dynasties)First Intermediate Period ( Seventh and Eighth – Eleventh Dynasties)Middle Kingdom ( Twelfth – Thirteenth Dynasties)Second Intermediate Period ( Fourteenth – Seventeenth Dynasties)New Kingdom ( Eighteenth – Twentieth Dynasties)Third Intermediate Period (also known as the Libyan Period; Twenty-first – Twenty-fifth Dynasties)Late Period ( Twenty-sixth – Thirty-first Dynasties)Neolithic Egypt [ edit]Neolithic period [ edit]The Nile has been the lifeline for Egyptian culture since nomadic hunter-gatherers began living along it during the Pleistocene. Traces of these early people appear in the form of artifacts and rock carvings along the terraces of the Nile and in the oases. To the Egyptians the Nile meant life and the desert meant death, though the desert did provide them protection from invaders."
},
{
"docid": "D3266910#0",
"title": "https://askentomologists.com/2015/07/01/is-there-any-truth-to-the-rumor-that-ants-eat-cows-people-and-crops/\n.",
"text": "\"Is there any truth to the rumor that ants eat cows, people and crops? Posted on July 1, 2015 by joeballenger2005@Bug Questions I once read a short story called \"\"Leningen Versus the Ants.\"\" Any truth to ants eating cows, devouring crops, etc? Thanks!— Permanent Side Eye. ( @sarahkerr81) February 19, 2015If you’ve never read the short story Leiningen Versus the Ants by Carl Stephenson, it’s a read I highly recommend. It’s an interesting story about a plantation owner who has to defend his employees, his farm, and himself from a swarm of marauding ants. It’s considered a classic piece of American literature, and it’s been referenced in every peice of popular culture from Mac Gyver to Indiana Jones. So what’s the deal with this story? Is it plausible?"
},
{
"docid": "D979005#0",
"title": "http://www.dogs-and-dog-advice.com/unique-male-dog-names/\nMy Favorite Unique Male Dog names",
"text": "Unique Male Dog Names: More than 140 Names for your Unique Male Dog The unique male dog names list has names for dogs who are different, uncommon or downright anomalous. For unique dogs or owners, you need a name that is special. Leave the commonplace behind as you hunt for the consummate canine cognominate. Hunting for a famous name? Look for highlighted entries with details about famous people and characters who inspired some of the names on this list. Do you have a unique Chihuahua? How about naming him Jumbo or King? If you are an artist, how about Picasso? Love country music? Try Rascal in honor of Rascal Flatts."
}
] |
8393 | who is the richest wrestle | [
{
"docid": "D2902179#0",
"title": "http://www.celebritynetworth.com/category/richest-athletes/wrestlers/\nWrestlers",
"text": "Wrestlers These are the richest professional wrestlers! Here you will find a listing of all the highest paid WWE superstars, past and current. Top-card draws like John Cena, Hulk Hogan and The Rock have managed to pin-down some incredible salaries, especially when they have second careers as movie stars. See them in order in the Top 50 Richest Wrestlers list. Return to Richest Athletes Baseball Players Boxers Coaches Golfers Hockey MMA NBA Players NFL Players Olympians Race Car Drivers Skateboarders Soccer Players Tennis Players Wrestlers What's New Ole Anderson Net Worth Ole Anderson net worth: Ole Anderson is an American retired professional wrestler, promoter, and referee who has a net worth of $500 thousand. Ole View Net Worth AJ Lee Net Worth AJ Lee net worth: AJ Lee is an American author and retired professional wrestler who has a net worth of $4 million. AJ Lee View Net Worth Tully Blanchard Net Worth Tully Blanchard net worth: Tully Blanchard is a Canadian American retired professional wrestler who has a net worth of $3 million. Tully Blanchard was View Net Worth Sasha Banks Net Worth Sasha Banks net worth: Sasha Banks is an American professional wrestler who has a net worth of $3 million. Sasha Banks was born in View Net Worth Al Snow Net Worth Al Snow net worth: Al Snow is an American professional wrestler, color commentator, training coach, and actor who has a net worth of $3View Net Worth Billy Gunn Net Worth Billy Gunn net worth: Billy Gunn is an American professional wrestler who has a net worth of $3 million. Billy Gunn was born in View Net Worth Kevin Von Erich Net Worth Kevin Von Erich net worth: Kevin Von Erich is an American retired professional wrestler who has a net worth of $10 million."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D604673#0",
"title": "http://www.therichest.com/celebnetworth/celeb/rappers/joseph-utsler-aka-shaggy-2-dope-net-worth/\nJoseph Utsler AKA Shaggy 2 Dope Net Worth",
"text": "\"Joseph Utsler AKA Shaggy 2 Dope Net Worth The Richest Richest Rappers Net Worth:$15 Million Source of Wealth: Music, Film, Wrestling Age:43Birth Place: Wayne, Michigan, United States Full Name: Joseph William Utsler Nationality: American More Stats View More About Joseph William Utsler American record producer, actor, wrestler, DJ and rapper Joseph William \"\"Joey\"\" Utsler has an estimated net worth of $15 million. He is known to be a part of Insane Clown Posse, a US-based hip hop group. Along with rapper Joseph Bruce and Alex Abbiss, he co-founded the record label, Psychopathic Records. He is also associated with Juggalo Championship Wrestling, a professional wrestling promotion which he co-founded with Bruce. Since 1991, Utsler has been a part of Insane Clown Posse. To date, the group has already earned five gold and two platinum albums. Since 1999, he has also been a part of Dark Lotus and Psychopathic Rydas. From 2002 through 2005, he was a member of Soopa Villainz. Utsler has released two albums titled Fuck Off! ( 1994) and F. T. F. O. (2006)."
},
{
"docid": "D389740#0",
"title": "http://incomefile.com/richest/top-10-richest-wwe-divas-world/\nThe Top 10 Richest WWE Divas in the World of 2016",
"text": "Richest The Top 10 Richest WWE Divas in the World of 2016Sam Robert February 11, 2014 | 1,067 | 0 |The Top 10 Richest WWE Divas in the World of 2016WWE Divas the most searched key word on the google. WWE Divas are one of the most beautiful and highest paid models , they are totally trained for their Athletic fighting skills. Well there are many big name divas from WWF to WWE era but in 2000?s the salaries are increased and endorsement deals and earnings are more highest then the 90?s divas. The Top 10 Richest WWE Divas in the World of 2016. Stephanie Mc Mahon:-Stephanie Mc Mahon Levesque is an American corporate executive who is currently the Chief Brand Officer, for World Wrestling Entertainment. She is also a former professional wrestling valet and occasional wrestler. Net Worth : $25 Million Diva Age : 36 Year Old Source of Income : Wrestling Born: September 24, 1976 (age 37), Hartford, Connecticut, United States Height: 1.75 m Spouse: Triple H (m. 2003)Siblings: Shane Mc Mahon Parents: Linda Mc Mahon, Vince Mc Mahon Children: Aurora Rose Levesque, Vaughn Evelyn Levesque, Murphy Claire Levesque Trish Stratus:-Patricia Anne Stratigias is a Canadian retired professional wrestler, former fitness model, and a fitness guru, actress and television personality, better known by her stage name and former ring name Trish Stratus. Net Worth : $2.5 Million Source of Income : WWE ( World Wrestling Entertainment )Country / Birthplace : Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada WWE Diva Age : 37 Years Old Born: December 18, 1975 (age 38), Richmond Hill, Canada Full name: Patricia Anne Stratigias Height: 1.63 m Spouse: Ron Fisico (m. 2006)Siblings: Melissa Stratigias, Christie Stratigias Amy Dumas:-Amy Christine Dumas, best known by her stage name Lita, is a retired professional wrestler and WWE Diva active from 1999 to 2006. Net Worth : $2.5 Million Salary : $286,000Source of Income : WWECountry / Birthplace : Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USABorn: April 14, 1975 (age 38), Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States Full name: Amy Christine Dumas Height: 1.70 m Songs: When I Get You Alone Music group: The Luchagors TV shows: Saturday Night’s Main Event, ECW Hardcore TV, ECW on TNNTorrie Wilson:-Torrie Wilson is an American model, fitness competitor, actress, and retired professional wrestler. She is best known for her tenures in World Championship Wrestling and World Wrestling Entertainment."
},
{
"docid": "D3104343#0",
"title": "https://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-athletes/wrestlers/james-storm-net-worth/\nCowboy James Storm Net Worth",
"text": "\"Cowboy James Storm Net Worth How much is James Storm Worth?in Richest Athletes › Wrestlers Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Random Celebrity James Storm net worth:$5 Million Cowboy James Storm Net Worth: Cowboy James Storm is an American professional wrestler who has a net worth of $5 million. Born James Allen Cox on June 1, 1977, in Franklin, Tennessee, he took the pro wrestling world by storm competing under the ring name \"\"The Cowboy\"\" James Storm. He is best known for his performances with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, where he has become a twelve-time NWA World Tag Team Champion since his employment there in 2002. In fact, he has won the NWA World Tag Team Championship seven times and the TNA World Tag Team Championship a record tying five times, notably as a member of the tag teams America's Most Wanted, together with \"\"Wildcat\"\" Chris Harris, Beer Money, Inc., and Bobby Roode. Furthermore, he has teamed up with A. J. Styles and Jeff Jarrett, to become one of three wrestlers to have worked continuously for the promotion since its first broadcast in June of that year. As of October 2011, he added another major win to his resume, i.e., his first World Title, having defeated Kurt Angle to win the TNA World Heavyweight Championship. Lennie James Net Worth James Carter Net Worth Bobby Roode Net Worth James Storm Wrestler Date of Birth Jun 1, 1977 (40 years old)Nationality United States of America Weight230 lbs (104.3 kg)Share on Facebook All net worths are calculated by applying a proprietary algorithm. The results are then fact checked and confirmed by a team of editors. We scan all publicly available data and resources and work diligently to ensure that our numbers are the most accurate and up to date net worth data you will find anywhere on the internet. Did we make a mistake?"
},
{
"docid": "D726592#0",
"title": "http://www.getnetworth.com/hulk-hogan-net-worth/\nHulk Hogan Net Worth",
"text": "\"Hulk Hogan Net Worth· In Athletes, wrestlers Hulk Hogan Net Worth is $30 Million Hulk Hogan deserves the money? Rating: 3.7/ 5 (40 votes cast)Would you date Hulk Hogan ? Rating: 3.1/ 5 (16 votes cast)Profession: Wrestler, Actor, Film Producer, Musician Date of Birth: Aug 11, 1953 Nicknames: Terry Gene Bollea, Terrence Gene Bollea, Mr. America, Hulk Hogan, Hogan, Hulk, Sterling Golden, Hollywood Hogan, Terry Boulder, Hulk, Hulkamania, The Hulkster, Thunder Lips Height: 2.01 m Weight: 137 kg Country: United States of America What is Hulk Hogan Net Worth? Hulk Hogan's net worth is $30 million dollars, or at least it was before his divorce was finalized! Hulk, real name Terry Bollea, made his money from his days as a wrestler in the WWE. Hulk also invested his money in several businesses and real estate. Hogan still earns money from merchandise sales and residuals with his brand, Hulk Hogan. Terry Gene Bollea (born August 11, 1953), better known by his ring name Hulk Hogan, is an American professional wrestler, actor, television personality, and musician signed to Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). Hogan enjoyed mainstream popularity in the mid 1980s through the early 1990s as the all-American character Hulk Hogan in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF-now WWE), and was notable in the mid-to-late 1990s as Hollywood Hogan, the villainous n Wo leader, in World Championship Wrestling (WCW). Following the closure of WCW, he made a brief return to WWE in the early 2000s before revising his heroic character by combining elements of his two most famous personas."
},
{
"docid": "D101510#0",
"title": "http://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-athletes/nfl/lawrence-taylor-net-worth/\nLawrence Taylor Net Worth",
"text": "\"Lawrence Taylor Net Worth How much is Lawrence Taylor Worth?in Richest Athletes › NFL Players Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Random Celebrity Lawrence Taylor net worth:$100 Thousand Lawrence Taylor Net Worth: Lawrence Taylor is a former American professional football player who has a net worth of $100 thousand. Born in Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1959, Lawrence Taylor played college football at the University of North Carolina. The New York Giants drafted the All-American with the second pick of the 1981 NFL Draft. Taylor is a ten-time Pro Bowler and a ten-time All-Pro. He was part of two Super Bowl-winning teams (XXI, XXV), and won NFL MVP honors in 1986. Taylor was named the AP's NFL Defensive Player of the Year three times. Taylor was placed on the NFL's 1980s All-Decade Team and the league's 75th Anniversary All-Time Team. He came in third on the list of the 100 Greatest Players in the NFL. Taylor finished his career with the New York Giants in 1993, amassing 1,088 tackles, 132.5 sacks, and nine interceptions as an outside linebacker. He became a first-ballot Hall of Famer in 1999."
},
{
"docid": "D1640819#0",
"title": "http://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-athletes/wrestlers/arn-anderson-net-worth/\nArn Anderson Net Worth",
"text": "Arn Anderson Net Worth How much is Arn Anderson Worth?in Richest Athletes › Wrestlers Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Random Celebrity Arn Anderson net worth:$3 Million Arn Anderson Net Worth: Arn Anderson is an American former professional wrestler who has a net worth of $3 million. Martin Anthony Lunde (aka Arn Anderson) was born September 20, 1958 in Rome, Georgia. His career has been highlighted by his alliances with Ric Flair and various members of the wrestling stable, The Four Horsemen in the NWA/WCW. Martin Lunde became Arn Anderson after the legendary tag team wrestler himself (Ole Anderson) noticed a striking resemblance between Lunde and the Anderson family. Ole Anderson coached Martin Lunde and soon replaced son Gene Anderson with 'Arn Anderson'. Arn went on to wrestle under the alliance The Four Horsemen. His notable title wins include: 4 Time Southeastern Tag Team Champion; Georgia National Tag Team w/Ole Anderson; NWA World Television Title; NWA World Tag Team w/Tully Tully Blanchard; WWF World Tag Team w/Tully Blanchard; NWA World Television Title; WCW World Television Title; 3 Time WCW World Tag Team Champion. Arn Anderson retired from professional wrestling in August of 1997. Arn Anderson signed with the WWF (later WWE) and took on the short-lived role of an announcer for the WCW Invasion squad. Arn was then assigned to the position of WWF Road Agent."
},
{
"docid": "D1899788#0",
"title": "https://www.forbes.com/profile/judy-sheindlin/\nJudy Sheindlin",
"text": "Judy Sheindlin Personality2017 Celebrity 100 Earnings— as of 6/12/17$47 MJudge Judy's eponymous show has been on the air for 21 seasons and is watched by an average of 10 million viewers a day. Since 2012, she has earned $47 million a year pretax from hosting 'Judge Judy. ' Also negotiated as part of her contract: The rights to her extensive library, which she reportedly plans to sell for up to $200 million. More Stats Age75Source Of Wealth TVResidence Naples, Florida Citizenship United States Marital Status Married Children5Education Doctor of Jurisprudence, New York Law School; Bachelor of Arts/Science, American University On Forbes Lists#43 Celebrity 1002017#51 America's Self-Made Women2017Net Worth Over Time$250 MAmerica's Self-Made Women May 2015Connections Beyoncé Knowles Related by industry: Media & Entertainment Oprah Winfrey Related by industry: Media & Entertainment Florida Resides in Florida Michael Bloomberg Related by industry: Media & Entertainment Ted Turner Related by industry: Media & Entertainment Krit Ratanarak Related by industry: Media & Entertainment1 2Previous Next NEWSWORTHYWhy There Are So Few Women Among The World's Highest-Paid Entertainers Taylor Swift may top this year’s Global Celebrity 100 list of the 100 highest-earning entertainers, but she is one of only 15 women to make the cut. The ranking, which tallies annual earnings for celebrities around the world is comprised 85% of men—who earned a combined $4.2 billion, compared to the women’s $892.5 million. The The Global Celebrity 100 2016Late Bloomers: How These Self-Made Women Found Success Later In Life America’s richest self-made women are 60 ceiling crashers who have built some of the nation’s biggest companies, from to , Spanx and . But 10% of them got their lucrative start after the age of 40; one of those six even after 50. Judy Sheindlin is best known by her on-screen moniker, Judge Judy. Her eponymous show has been Self-Made Women Newcomers America's Richest Female Entertainers 2016: Madonna, Judge Judy And Taylor Swift Reign Supreme It turns out the arts do pay—if you happen to be one of the eight lucky entertainers on FORBES’ second-annual ranking of America’s richest self-made women. The 60-person list of ceiling crashers, who are worth a combined $53 billion, includes a handful of musicians, a TV personality and two authors."
},
{
"docid": "D2351137#0",
"title": "http://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-celebrities/ronnie-ortiz-net-worth/\nRonnie Ortiz Net Worth",
"text": "\"Ronnie Ortiz Net Worth How much is Ronnie Ortiz Worth?in Richest Celebrities Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Random Celebrity Ronnie Ortiz net worth:$3 Million Ronnie Ortiz net worth: Ronnie Ortiz is a reality television personality who has a net worth of $3 million. He is best known for appearing as one of the cast members of the hit MTV reality series, Jersey Shore. Ronald Ortiz-Magro was born in 1985 and raised in The Bronx; he is of Italian and Puerto Rican decent. Before being cast in Jersey Shore, Ortiz worked in real estate for his father. The show premiered on December 4, 2009 and ran for six seasons, ending in 2012. Ortiz was in a tumultuous, on-again off-again relationship with \"\"Sammi\"\" another character on the show. Their relationship drama often trickled over into the house and affected all of the cast members living in the house. He was also known for having a temper while he was drinking and got in several fist fights while appearing on the show. He was arrested after a fight in 2009 on the boardwalk in Seaside Heights, for aggravated assault for striking beach-goer Stephen Izzo with a closed fist; Izzo lost consciousness as a result. Ortiz-Magro and his Jersey Shore co-stars appeared in the 2012 film of The Three Stooges and was nominated for a Razzie Award."
},
{
"docid": "D2286808#0",
"title": "http://www.celebritynetworth.com/list/top-50-wrestlers/\nTop 50 Wrestlers",
"text": "Home› Top Richest Lists › Top 50 Richest Athletes ›Top 50 Wrestlers Do you know what ‘The Rock’ is earning? Let’s just say that the big guy is not short of a dollar or two! In this Top 50 Richest Wrestlers list, you can find out about The Rock, plus other wrestling heroes, overall net worth. These guys may appear tough on the outside, but they are business-savvy as they have extra activities going on like acting and (yes you guessed it) endorsements to bulk up their monster-size earnings!Return to Richest Athletes Baseball Players Boxers Coaches Golfers Hockey MMA NBA Players NFL Players Olympians Race Car Drivers Skateboarders Soccer Players Tennis Players Wrestlers Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Rank#1Vince Mc Mahon Net Worth$1.6 Billion Vince Mc Mahon net worth: Vince Mc Mahon is an American professional wrestling promoter, commentator, film producer and occasional wrestler who has a net worth of View this Person Rank#2The Rock Dwayne Johnson Net Worth$220 Million Dwayne Johnson net worth salary and career earnings: Dwayne Johnson, aka The Rock, is an American actor and former professional wrestler who has a net worth of View this Person Rank#3John Cena Net Worth$55 Million John Cena Net Worth and salary: John Cena is an American professional wrestler, bodybuilder, rapper and actor who has a net worth of View this Person Rank#4Steve Austin Net Worth$50 Million Steve Austin net worth: Steve Austin is an American actor, producer and retired professional wrestler who has a net worth of View this Person Rank#5Stephanie Mc Mahon Net Worth$45 Million Stephanie Mc Mahon net worth: Stephanie Mc Mahon is an American corporate executive and former wrestling valet and wrestler for World Wrestling Entertainment who has a net worth of View this Person Rank#6Triple H Net Worth$40 Million Triple H net worth and salary: Triple H is an American professional wrestler and actor who has a net worth of View this Person Rank#7Hulk Hogan Net Worth$25 Million Hulk Hogan net worth and salary: Hulk Hogan is an American actor, wrestler and reality television star who has a net worth of $25 million. Hulk Hogan was born Terry Gene Bollea View this Person Rank#8Kurt Angle Net Worth$25 Million Kurt Angle net worth: Kurt Angle is an American professional wrestler who has a net worth of $25 million. Born in Mount Lebanon, Pennsylvania View this Person Rank#9Big Show Net Worth$20 Million Big Show Net Worth: Big Show is an American professional wrestler and actor who has a net worth of $20 million. Big Show has earned his net worth View this Person Rank#10Chris Jericho Net Worth$18 Million Chris Jericho net worth: Chris Jericho is a Canadian-American professional wrestler and musician who has a net worth of $18 million dollars. A former professional wrestler, Chris Jericho View this Person Rank#11Mick Foley Net Worth$18 Million Mick Foley net worth: Mick Foley is an American retired professional wrestler, author, actor, and comedian who has a net worth of View this Person Rank#12Shawn Michaels Net Worth$17 Million Shawn Michaels net worth: Shawn Michaels is an American professional wrestling personality who has a net worth of View this Person Rank#13The Undertaker Net Worth$17 Million The Undertaker net worth: The Undertaker is an American professional wrestler who has a net worth of $17 million. The Undertaker was born Mark William Calaway View this Person Rank#14Jeff Jarrett Net Worth$15 Million Jeff Jarrett Net Worth: Jeff Jarrett is an American professional wrestler and wrestling promoter who has a net worth of $15 million. Jeff Jarrett View this Person Rank#15Bill Goldberg Net Worth$14 Million Bill Goldberg net worth: Bill Goldberg is a former professional football player, wrestler and current actor who has a net worth of $14 million."
},
{
"docid": "D3081279#0",
"title": "http://gazettereview.com/2016/02/richest-athletes-world/\nTop 10 Richest Athletes in the World â 2018 Update",
"text": "Sports Top 10 Richest Athletes in the World – 2018 Update By David Stewart - April 15th, 2017Share on Facebook Tweet on Twitter Most people get into sports at a young age because their parents enroll them in something they think they would enjoy. Be it football, soccer, baseball, karate, gymnastics or any other modern sport. The ones who are good are able to continue playing their hobby in middle and high school which is a great way to represent your school when you face off against other teams. But the luckiest and most dedicated of athletes are able to continue on after school and play their respective sport on a professional level. Here is a list of the richest athletes in the world. The Richest Athletes in the World – 2018 List#10 – Le Bron James Net Worth: $425 million Born December 30th, 1984, Le Bron James kicks off our list at number 10. Growing up in the state of Ohio, James spent his early years with his mother who was a struggling single parent. Life was difficult as they were constantly moving around from apartment to apartment. In order to get some stability in his life, James’ mother allowed him to move in with Frank Walker, who was a youth coach and introduced James to basketball. James would eventually attend high school where he would go on to be the star of his high school’s basketball team."
},
{
"docid": "D2282586#0",
"title": "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/03/forbes-billionaires-list_n_4890330.html\nThe Richest People In The World",
"text": "BUSINESS 03/03/2014 11:39 am ET Updated Mar 03, 2014The Richest People In The World Kerry A. Dolan and Luisa Kroll Forbes ASSOCIATED PRESSForbes: The ranks of the world’s billionaires continue to scale new heights–and stretch to new corners of the world. Our global wealth team found 1,645 billionaires with an aggregate net worth of $6.4 trillion, up from $5.4 trillion a year ago. We unearthed a record 268 new ten-figure fortunes, including 42 new women billionaires, another record. In total, there are 172 women on the list, more than ever before and up from 138 last year. More from Forbes: - See more of The World’s Billionaires 2014 - Youngest Billionaires of 2014 - Notable Newcomers To The Billionaires List Bill Gates is back on top after a four-year hiatus, reclaiming the title of world’s richest person from telecom mogul Carlos Slim Helu of Mexico, who ranked No. 1 for the past four years. Gates, whose fortune rose by $9 billion in the past year, has held the top spot for 15 of the past 20 years. Spanish clothing retailer Amancio Ortega (best known for the Zara fashion chain) retains the No. 3 spot for the second year in a row, extending his lead over Warren Buffett, who is again No. 4."
},
{
"docid": "D2257824#0",
"title": "http://www.therichest.com/celebnetworth/athletes/wrestler/big-show-net-worth/\nBig Show Net Worth",
"text": "Big Show Net Worth The Richest Richest Wrestlers Net Worth:$20 Million Source of Wealth: WWE, Sports, Wrestling, Television Age:46Birth Place: Aiken, South Carolina Weight:440.9 lbs (200 kg)Marital Status: Divorced (Bess Katramados)Full Name: Paul Wight Nationality: United States More Stats View More About Paul Wight Paul Wight in real life, Big Show is a famous actor and professional wrestler who is currently signed to World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). His net worth is estimated to be around $20 million. A certified 7-time world champion, Big Show has won 2 WCW World Heavyweight Championships, 1 ECW World Heavyweight Championship, 2 World Heavyweight Championships and of course, 2 WWF/E Championship. This makes him the only professional wrestler to have won these four championships. Throughout his entire professional wrestling career, Big Show has also won 1 WWE Intercontinental Championship, 1 WWE United States Championship, and 3 WWE Hardcore Championship. An eleven-time tag team champion, he won 5 world tag team championships partnering with The Miz, Chris Jericho, Kane and The Undertaker, twice. He won 3 WWE Tag Team Championship together with Kane, The Miz and Chris Jericho. Partnering each with Sting, Scott Hall, and Lex Luger, he became a three-time WCW World Tag Team Championship. Big Show is considered as the 24th WWE Triple Crown Champion and 16 th Grand Slam Champion in the history of WWE. After Edge and Kurt Angle, he is the third professional wrestler to have won every male WWE Championship."
},
{
"docid": "D3192740#0",
"title": "http://www.searchnetworth.com/tag/ken-shamrock-workout/\nKen Shamrock Workout",
"text": "\"Profession: Wrestler Date of Birth: Feb 11, 1964 Nicknames: Kenneth Wayne Kilpatrick Height: 1.83 m Weight: 98 kg Country: United States of America Ken Shamrock Workout· In Athletes Read more... Ken Shamrock Net Worth is $100 Thousand. Ken Shamrock Net Worth is $100 Thousand. Ken Shamrock, born Kenneth Wayne Kilpatrick, is an American mixed martial artist and professional wrester with a net worth of $100 thousand. Ken Shamrock is a UFC Hall of Famer; he has accumulated his net wort Kenneth Wayne Shamrock is an American mixed martial artist, UFC Hall of Famer and professional wrestler. Shamrock emerged as one of the biggest stars in the history of mixed martial arts, headlining over 15 main events and co-main events in the Ultimate Fighting Championship and Pride Fighting Championships during the course of his career and set numerous pay per view records with his drawing power. Shamrock is widely considered to be a legendary figure and icon in the sport of mixed martial arts. Shamrock was named The World's Most Dangerous Man by ABC News in a special entitled \"\"The World's Most Dangerous Things\"\" in the early part of his UFC career, a moniker which has become synonymous as his nickname. Shamrock became known early on in the UFC for his rivalry with Royce Gracie. After fighting to a draw with Gracie in the inaugural Superfight, he became the first UFC Superfight Champion after defeating Dan Severn at UFC 6; the tit... Read more about ken shamrock workout Ken Shamrock Latest News ST. PATRICK'S DAY NEWSRepresentatives from WTOC, the 2018 Savannah St. Patrick’s Day Parade Grand Marshal and aides, representatives from Star Castle and the Law Offices of Ken Nugent judged the photos at the station."
},
{
"docid": "D1704469#0",
"title": "http://www.rocketswag.com/biography/wrestler/Who-Is-The-Highest-Paid-Wrestler-In-The-Wwe.html\nWho Is The Highest Paid Wrestler In The Wwe ?",
"text": "Who Is The Highest Paid Wrestler In The Wwe ? Wrestling is not just an entertainment sport, but it is also one of the highest paying sports. Participants in wrestling championships make millions of dollars every year. Vince Mc Mahon, who owns the WWE, is one of the richest men in the United States according to the Forbes magazine. He also figures in the 50 most richest people in the United States. Some of the wrestlers in the WWE earn more than the most popular Hollywood stars. In the 21st century, there are wrestlers who make nearly a million dollars every year. Wrestlers like the Undertaker and Triple H could even earn fifteen to twenty million every year depending on the number of matches and titles they win each year. They also have a movie career which pays them equally well. Hulk Hogan earned US$20 million between 1996 and 1998 besides earning and additional $300,000 for every appearance outside the regular matches."
},
{
"docid": "D1140971#0",
"title": "https://www.sportskeeda.com/wwe/triple-h-salary-and-net-worth\nTriple H net worth and salary",
"text": "Triple H net worth and salary How much money is Triple H worth? What is Triple H's salary? Akshay Bapat TOP CONTRIBUTOR9 Oct, 20167.46KThe Game currently serves as the Executive VP of Talent, Creative and Live event, a position he has held since 2013Triple H is one of those names in professional history about whom the perception has been remarkably contrasting in two different decades. At the peak of his power as a full-time active competitor, he was the subject of unflattering and uncomplimentary remarks for using his leverage and backstage power in the company, lobbying to further his own cause and career and withholding more deserving wrestlers from reaching the promise land at his expense. Over the years, those sentiments have somewhat dissipated owing to a prominent role played by ‘Hunter’ in growth and the success of NXT and everything that came with it. The primary goal of any individual from any walk of life is to be at the very top. Also read: Stephanie Mc Mahon’s net worth Triple H was not only on the top of the wrestling world for an extended period of time as an in-ring competitor but he could possibly be on top of the WWE from a non-wrestling standpoint, poised to be the heir apparent to replace Vincent K Mc Mahon as the head honcho of the multi-million dollar conglomerate. Also read: Vince Mc Mahon’s net worth Shane Mc Mahon, who is Triple H’s brother in law, is the commissioner of Smack Down Live. He is also a minority owner of WWE. The current net worth of Shane Mc Mahon is estimated to be $35 million."
},
{
"docid": "D2977534#0",
"title": "http://www.therichest.com/celebnetworth/athletes/wrestler/daniel-bryan-net-worth/\nDaniel Bryan Net Worth",
"text": "Daniel Bryan Net Worth The Richest Richest Wrestlers Net Worth:$2 Million Source of Wealth:wrestling Age:36Birth Place: Aberdeen, Washington Weight:210 lbs (95 kg)Marital Status: Engaged (Brie Bella)Full Name: Bryan Danielson Nationality: American More Stats View More About Bryan Danielson Daniel Bryan is an American professional wrestler which has an estimated net worth of $2 million. Upon graduating from college, Daniel Bryan pursue a career in professional wrestling. He trained under the tutelage of well-known wrestler Shawn Michaels and Rudy Gonzalez at the Texas Wrestling Academy. He debuted in Michaels' promotion, Texas Wrestling Alliance and subsequently won his first professional wrestling championship when he teamed up with Spanky during the TWA Tag Team Championship in 2000. Bryan signed a developmental deal with World Wrestling Federation. He was assigned to Memphis Championship Wrestling wherein he honed his skills as a wrestler and was known for his stage name, American Dragon. In 2002, he tried his luck in Japan as a wrestler and became a part of Ring of Honor until 2006. Bryan wrestled on the Independent Circuit from 2003-2009 and returned in 2010. He joined World Wrestling Entertainment in 2009. Bryan Danielson was born on May 22, 1981 in Aberdeen, Washington."
},
{
"docid": "D1527539#0",
"title": "https://www.therichest.com/celebnetworth/athletes/wrestler/lex-luger-net-worth/\nLex Luger Net Worth",
"text": "\"Lex Luger Net Worth The Richest Richest Wrestlers Net Worth:$10 Million Source of Wealth: Wrestling, Television Age:59Birth Place: Buffalo, New York Weight:275 lbs (125 kg)Marital Status: Divorced (Peggy Fulbright)Full Name: Lawrence Wendell Pfohl Nationality: United States More Stats View More About Lawrence Wendell Pfohl Best recognized for his ring name Lex Luger, Lawrence Wendell \"\"Larry\"\" Pfohl is a TV producer, former professional wrestler, and football player who currently works with the wellness policy of World Wrestling Entertainment. As of 2012, Lex Luger’s net worth is estimated to be around $10 million. Lex Luger is best noted for his performance in World Wrestling Federation (WWF), World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). Throughout his entire professional wrestling career, Lex Luger was a three-time world Champion. He was a two-time WCW World Heavyweight Champion and he also won the WWA World Heavyweight Championship. In 1993, he was voted as the Most Popular Wrestler of the Year by the Pro Wrestling Illustrated. A year later, he became the 1994 WWF Royal Rumble. He debuted into the world of wrestling in September 1985 and after his 21-year tenure, he announced his retirement in September 2006. Lex Luger was born on June 2, 1958 in Buffalo New York. Previously married to Peggy, the marriage resulted to the birth of his son Brian and daughter, Lauren Ashley."
},
{
"docid": "D1701431#0",
"title": "http://www.celebritynetworth.com/dl/paul-orndorff/\nPaul Orndorff",
"text": "\"Ad All articles for 'Paul Orndorff'All the featured articles about Paul Orndorff. News, articles, net worth profile, and all biography about Paul Orndorff. Search Random Paul Orndorff Net Worthcelebritynetworth.com/richest-athletes/wrestlers/paul-orndorff-ne... Paul Orndorff net worth: Paul Orndorff is an American former professional wrestler who has a net worth of $100 thousand. Paul Orndorff was born in Brandon, Florida in October 1949. He is known as \"\"Mr. Wonderful\"\" and started his professional wrestling career in 1976. Orndorff wrestled for the World Wrestling Federation from 1983 to 1988 and wrestled in World Championship Wrestling in 1990 and from ... Paul Orndorff Net Worth Bobby Heenan Net Worthcelebritynetworth.com/richest-athletes/wrestlers/bobby-heenan-net... Bobby Heenan net worth: Bobby Heenan is an American former professional wrestling manager, commentator, and wrestler who has a net worth of $5 million. \""
},
{
"docid": "D1396432#0",
"title": "https://networthwiki.org/scott-hall-net-worth/\nScott Hall Net Worth",
"text": "Scott Hall Net Worth March 1, 2018 Richest Celebrities 0 Comments 66 Views The Number One Question You Must Ask for Scott Oliver Hall American professional wrestler Scott Hall has an estimated net worth of $3 million, with a $95 thousand annual salary. He’s best known in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), now WWE, under the ring name Razor Ramon along with the World Championship Wrestling (WCW) with his actual name. Scott Oliver Hall was born in St. Mary’s County, Maryland, USA on October 20, 1958. He spent his high school years in Munich, Germany at the All American High school. When the family returned to the USA, he attended St. Mary’s College, where he earned his Pre-Med degree. Hall made his ring debut in 1984 in South Carolina with the currently defunct American Wrestling Association (AWA). Since then, he became a four time WWF Intercontinental Champ, a two time WCW United States Heavyweight Champ, a one time WCW World Television Champion as well as a nine time world tag team champion with seven in WCW, one in TNA, and one in AWA. Hall is also a two time world champion, having won a WWC Universal Heavyweight Championship and one USWA Unified World Heavyweight Championship. Hall is a founding member of the New World Order (n Wo). Wrestling legend referred to as Scott Hall is a somewhat retired professional who’s had become the winner of wrestling championship held in Florida by the mid of 80’s century."
},
{
"docid": "D1103401#0",
"title": "http://www.therichest.com/celebnetworth/athletes/wrestler/triple-h-net-worth/\nTriple H Net Worth",
"text": "Triple H Net Worth The Richest Richest Wrestlers Net Worth:$25 Million Source of Wealth: WWE, Sports, Wrestling Age:48Birth Place: Nashua, New Hampshire, United States Weight:255 lb (116 kg)Marital Status: Married (Stephanie Mc Mahon)Full Name: Paul Michael Levesque Nationality: American More Stats View More About Paul Michael Levesque The famous husband of the WWE executive Stephanie Mc Mahon, Triple H, Paul Michael Levesque in real life, is a popular professional wrestler with an estimated net worth of $25 million. He is currently signed to World Wrestling Entertainment as an occasional wrestler and company executive. Currently working as WWE’s Chief Operating Officer and Executive Vice President of Talent and Live Events, Triple H is considered as one of the most influential and greatest wrestling superstars in the history of WWE after The Undertaker’s reign. Starting his career as Terra Ryzing at the World Championship Wrestling (WCW), Triple H moved to World Wrestling Federation under his ring name Jean-Paul Lévesque. His name Triple H is an abbreviated version of his character while working with the World Wrestling Federation, Hunter Hearst Helmsley. Throughout his entire professional wrestling career, Triple H has held a total of 13 world championship titles. He is an eight-time WWF/WWE Champion, and five-time world heavyweight champion. Also, Triple H was the first Heavyweight championship title holder. He has also won the 2002 Royal Rumble, 1997 King of the Ring, and he was the second grand slam champion. He married Stephanie Mc Mahon as a part of a storyline but later on, she became his wife in real life."
}
] |
8394 | who is the first president and prime minister of india | [
{
"docid": "D2078933#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_India\nList of Prime Ministers of India",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Narendra Modi is the current (14th) Prime Minister of India, since 26 May 2014The Prime Minister of India is the chief executive of the Government of India. In India's parliamentary system, the Constitution names the President as head of statede jure, but his or her de facto executive powers are vested in the Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers. Appointed and sworn-in by the President, the Prime Minister is usually the leader of the party or alliance that has a majority in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of India's Parliament. [ 1]Since 1947, India has had fourteen Prime Ministers, fifteen including Gulzarilal Nanda who twice acted in the role. The first was Jawaharlal Nehru of the Indian National Congress party, [2] who was sworn-in on 15 August 1947, when India gained independence from the British. Serving until his death in May 1964, Nehru remains India's longest-serving prime minister. He was succeeded by fellow Congressman Lal Bahadur Shastri, whose 19-month term also ended in death. Indira Gandhi, Nehru's daughter, succeeded Shastri in 1966 to become the country's first woman premier. Eleven years later, she was voted out of power in favour of the Janata Party, whose leader Morarji Desai became the first non-Congress prime minister. After he resigned in 1979, his former deputy Charan Singh briefly held office until Indira Gandhi was voted back six months later."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D121098#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_state\nHead of state",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Not to be confused with head of government. This article is about the political term. For other uses, see Head of state (disambiguation). Queen Elizabeth II, of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms, is currently the longest serving head of state. A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona that officially represents the national unity and legitimacy of a sovereign state. [ 1] Depending on the country's form of government and separation of powers, the head of state may be a ceremonial figurehead or concurrently the head of government. In countries with parliamentary systems, the head of state is typically a ceremonial figurehead that does not actually guide day-to-day government activities or is not empowered to exercise any kind of secular political authority (e.g., Queen Elizabeth II of the Commonwealth Realms). [ 2] In countries where the head of state is also the head of government, the head of state serves as both a public figurehead and the actual highest-ranking political leader who oversees the executive branch (e.g., the President of the United States ). [ 1]Former French president Charles de Gaulle, while developing the current Constitution of France (1958), said the head of state should embody l'esprit de la nation (\"\"the spirit of the nation\"\"). [ 3]Contents [ hide ]1 Constitutional models1.1 Parliamentary system1.1.1 Standard model1.1.2 Non-executive model1.1.3 Executive model1.2 Semi-presidential systems1.3 Presidential system1.4 Single-party states1.5 Complications with categorization2 Roles2.1 Symbolic role2.2 Executive role2.2.1 Appointment of senior officials2.2.2 Diplomatic role2.2.3 Military role2.3 Legislative roles2.4 Summoning and dissolving the legislature2.5 Other prerogatives2.5.1 Granting nobility, knighthood and various titles and other honors2.5.2 Immunity2.5.3 Reserve Powers2.5.4 Right of pardon3 Governors-general (Commonwealth realms)4 Selection and various types and styles of heads of state4.1 European writers and revolutions, 16th–20th centuries4.2 Shared and substitute heads of state4.2.1 Interim4.2.2 Shared4.2.3 Extraordinary arrangements4.3 Religious heads of state4.3.1 Christianity4.3.2 Islam4.3.3 Hinduism4.3.4 Buddhism4.4 City states and crowned republics4.5 Multiple or collective heads of state4.6 Unique cases and titles5 Legitimacy5.1 By fiction or fiat5.2 By divine appointment5.3 By social contract5.4 By constitution5.5 By hereditary succession5.6 By election5.7 By appointment5.8 By force or revolution5.9 By foreign imposition5.10 Loss6 Former heads of state6.1 Personal influence or privileges7 See also8 Notes9 References10 Bibliography11 External links Constitutional models [ edit]This section needs additional citations for verification."
},
{
"docid": "D1745924#0",
"title": "http://www.narendramodi.in/shri-narendra-modi-prime-minister-of-india-7814\n",
"text": "On 26th May 2014 Narendra Modi took oath as the Prime Minister of India, becoming the first ever PM to be born after India attained Independence. Dynamic, dedicated and determined, Narendra Modi reflects the aspiration and hope of over a billion Indians. Ever since he assumed office in May 2014, PM Modi has embarked on a journey of all-round and inclusive development where every Indian can realize their hopes and aspirations. He remains deeply inspired by the principle of ‘Antyodaya’, of serving the last person in the queue. Through innovative ideas and initiatives, the Government has ensured that the wheels of progress move at rapid pace and the fruits of development reach every citizen. Governance has become open, easier and transparent. In a first, the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana marked a paradigm shift in ensuring that every citizen is integrated in the financial system of the Nation. His clarion call for ‘Make in India’ complimented by a focus on making business easy has stimulated unprecedented vigour and enterprise among investors and entrepreneurs. Labour reforms and dignity of labour under the ‘Shrameva Jayate’ initiative has empowered several workers of small and medium industries, also providing a boost to our skilled youth. In a first, the Government of India launched three social security schemes for the people of India and also focused on giving pension to the elderly and insurance cover to the poor."
},
{
"docid": "D1560725#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_India\nHistory of the Republic of India",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Part of a series on the History of India Ancient [show]Classical [show]Early medieval [show]Late medieval [show]Early modern [show]Modern [show]Related articles [show]v t e Outline of South Asian history Palaeolithic (2,500,000–250,000 BC) [show]Neolithic (10,800–3300 BC) [show]Chalcolithic (3500–1500 BC) [show]Bronze Age (3300–1300 BC) [show]Iron Age (1500–200 BC) [show]Middle Kingdoms (230 BC– AD 1206) [show]Late medieval period (1206–1526) [show]Early modern period (1526–1858) [show]Colonial states (1510–1961) [show]Periods of Sri Lanka [show]National histories [show]Regional histories [show]Specialised histories [show]v t e The history of the Republic of India begins on 26 January 1950. The country became an independent nation within the British Commonwealth on 15 August 1947. Concurrently the Muslim-majority northwest and east of British India was separated into the Dominion of Pakistan, by the partition of India. The partition led to a population transfer of more than 10 million people between India and Pakistan and the death of about one million people. Indian National Congress leader Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minister of India, but the leader most associated with the independence struggle, Mahatma Gandhi, accepted no office. The new constitution of 1950 made India a secular and a democratic country. The nation faced religious violence, casteism, naxalism, terrorism and regional separatist insurgencies, especially in Jammu and Kashmir and northeastern India. India has unresolved territorial disputes with China, which in 1962 escalated into the Sino-Indian War, and with Pakistan, which resulted in wars in 1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999. India was neutral in the Cold War, but purchased its military weapons from the Soviet Union, while its arch-foe Pakistan was closely tied to the United States and the People's Republic of China. India is a nuclear-weapon state, having conducted its first nuclear test in 1974, followed by another five tests in 1998."
},
{
"docid": "D3298410#0",
"title": "https://rulers.org/2002-07.html\nJuly 2002",
"text": "Rulers July 20021India: Foreign Minister Jaswant Singh and Finance Minister Yashwant Sinha exchange their posts in a cabinet reshuffle. Home Minister Lal Krishna Advani takes the additional post of deputy prime minister. Goedgedrag Netherlands Antilles: Frits Goedgedrag takes office as governor. Schneider-Kenel Odermatt Hofer Schönenberger Huwyler Switzerland: Elsbeth Schneider-Kenel becomes president of the government of Basel-Land, Leo Odermatt Landammann of Nidwalden, Hans Hofer Landammann of Obwalden, Peter Schönenberger president of the government of Sankt Gallen, and Friedrich Huwyler Landammann of Schwyz.2Madagascar: Marc Ravalomanana's army takes the city of Antsiranana. The provincial governor, Jean-Robert Gara (a supporter of Didier Ratsiraka as president), fled on July 1. On July 13 Pascal Jaosoa is installed as governor. Meanwhile, on July 5, Ratsiraka flees the country, and the last pro-Ratsiraka forces announce their surrender in Toamasina. On July 10 Émile Tsizaraina is named governor of Toamasina, replacing Ravalomanana's previous appointee, Victor Sikonina, who is dismissed without having been installed. Ople Philippines: Vice President Teofisto Guingona resigns as foreign secretary, effective July 15. President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo then takes over the post temporarily."
},
{
"docid": "D1559626#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharat_Ratna\nBharat Ratna",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Bharat Ratna Awarded by Government of India Country India Type National Civilian Ribbon Obverse An image of the Sun along with the words \"\"Bharat Ratna\"\", inscribed in Devanagari script, on a peepal ( Ficus religiosa) leaf Reverse A platinum State Emblem of India placed in the centre with the national motto, \"\" Satyameva Jayate \"\" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari script Statistics Established 1954First awarded1954C. Rajagopalachari Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan C. V. Raman Last awarded2015Madan Mohan Malaviya (Posthumous)Atal Bihari Vajpayee Total awarded 45Precedence Next (lower) Padma Vibhushan The Bharat Ratna ( Hindi pronunciation: [bʰaːrət̪ rət̪nə]; Jewel of India) [1] is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted in 1954, the award is conferred \"\"in recognition of exceptional service/performance of the highest order\"\", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. [ 2] [3] [4] The award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the government expanded the criteria to include \"\"any field of human endeavour\"\" in December 2011. [ 5] The recommendations for the Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year. Recipients receive a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a peepal -leaf–shaped medallion; there is no monetary grant associated with the award. Bharat Ratna recipients rank seventh in the Indian order of precedence. The first recipients of the Bharat Ratna were politician C. Rajagopalachari, philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and scientist C. V. Raman, who were honoured in 1954. Since then, the award has been bestowed upon 45 individuals, including 12 who were awarded posthumously. The original statutes did not provide for posthumous awards but were amended in January 1955 to permit them. Former Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri became the first individual to be honoured posthumously."
},
{
"docid": "D560560#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_India\nList of Presidents of India",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Rashtrapati Bhavan official residence of the President of India Ram Nath Kovind, the current President of India The President of India is the head of state of India and the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces. The President is referred to as the first citizen of India. [ 1] [2] Although vested with these powers by the Constitution of India, the position is largely a ceremonial one and executive powers are de facto exercised by the Prime Minister. [ 3]The President is elected by the Electoral College composed of elected members of the parliament houses, the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, and also members of the Vidhan Sabha, the state legislative assemblies. [ 2] Presidents may remain in office for a tenure of five years, as stated by article 56, part V, of the Constitution of India. In the case where a President's term of office is terminated early or during the absence of the President, the Vice President assumes office. By article 70 of part V, the parliament may decide how to discharge the functions of the President where this is not possible, or in any other unexpected contingency. [ 2]Representation of Presidents by party of candidacy Independent (29.6%)Indian National Congress (41.2%)Bharatiya Janata Party (5.8%)Janata Party (5.8%)Acting (17.6%)There have been 14 Presidents of India since the post was established when India was declared as a republic with the adoption of the Indian constitution in 1950. [ 4] Apart from these fourteen, three Acting Presidents have also been in office for short periods of time. Varahagiri Venkata Giri became the Acting President in 1969 after Zakir Husain, died in office."
},
{
"docid": "D352276#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_of_office\nOath of office",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Lyndon B. Johnson taking the presidential oath of office in 1963, after the assassination of John F. Kennedy An oath of office is an oath or affirmation a person takes before undertaking the duties of an office, usually a position in government or within a religious body, although such oaths are sometimes required of officers of other organizations. Such oaths are often required by the laws of the state, religious body, or other organization before the person may actually exercise the powers of the office or any religious body. It may be administered at an inauguration, coronation, enthronement, or other ceremony connected with the taking up of office itself, or it may be administered privately. In some cases it may be administered privately and then repeated during a public ceremony. Some oaths of office are a statement of loyalty to a constitution or other legal text or to a person or other office-holder (e.g., an oath to support the constitution of the state, or of loyalty to the king). Under the laws of a state it may be considered treason or a high crime to betray a sworn oath of office. The word 'oath' and the phrase 'I swear' refer to a solemn vow. For those who choose not to, the alternative terms 'solemn promise' and 'I promise' are sometimes used. Contents [ hide ]1 Australia2 Bangladesh3 Belarus4 Belgium4.1 King4.2 Prime minister, ministers and state secretaries4.3 Members of the Parliaments4.4 Public servants4.5 Mayors and members of municipal executive and city council5 Brazil6 Canada6.1 Governor general6.2 Ministers7 China8 Costa Rica9 Croatia10 Egypt11 Fiji12 Finland12.1 General oath of office.12.2 Presidential affirmation of office12.3 Oath of Judge12.4 Military oath13 Germany14 Ghana15 Greece16 Guatemala17 Hong Kong18 India18.1 President of India18.2 Vice-President of India18.3 Union Council of Ministers of India18.4 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court or High Court19 Indonesia19.1 President and Vice President19.2 Cabinet members and Presidential Work Units (UKP)20 Iran20.1 Oath of Judge21 Ireland22 Israel23 Italy24 Lebanon25 Luxembourg26 Malaysia26.1 Yang di-Pertuan Agong and Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong26.2 Executive and legislative members26.3 Judicial members27 Mexico28 Moldova29 Netherlands29.1 King29.2 Ministers, state secretaries and members of Parliament29.3 Civil servants30 New Zealand30.1 Governor-General31 Norway32 Pakistan33 Philippines34 Poland34.1 President34.2 Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Minister, Minister34.3 Sejm Members and Senators35 Portugal36 Romania36.1 President36.2 Local officials37 Russia37.1 Russian Empire38 Singapore39 South Africa40 Spain41 Sweden42 Switzerland43 Republic of China (Taiwan)44 Turkey45 Ukraine46 United Kingdom46.1 Oaths taken by the monarch46.1.1 Coronation Oath46.1.2 Oath relating to the security of the Church of Scotland46.2 Oath of Allegiance and Official Oath46.2.1 Oath of Allegiance46.2.2 Official Oath46.3 Judicial Oath46.4 Armed forces46.5 Privy Counsellors46.6 Constables declaration47 United States47.1 History of the Oath47.2 Federal Executive and Legislative Branch Oaths47.3 Federal Judiciary Oaths47.4 Military Oaths – Federal and State47.5 State and Local Oaths47.5.1 Tennessee (county offices)48 Venezuela49 Catholic Church50 See also51 Notes52 References53 External links54 Further reading Australia [ edit]See also: Oath of Allegiance (Australia)All members of the Australian Parliament are required to take before taking their seat in Parliament an Oath or Affirmation of Allegiance before the Governor-General of Australia. The requirement to take the oath is set out in section 42 of the Australian Constitution [1] and the wording of the oath and affirmation are set out in a schedule to the Constitution."
},
{
"docid": "D2000606#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_India\nForeign relations of India",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search India This article is part of a series on thepolitics and government of India Constitution and law Government of India Elections Federalism Other countries Atlasv t e The Ministry of External Affairs of India (MEA), also known as the Foreign Ministry, is the government agency responsible for the conduct of foreign relations of India. India has formal diplomatic relations with most nations; it is the world's second most populous country. India is a vast country and is connected to lots of countries for economy, the world's most-populous democracy and the fastest growing major economy. [ 1] With the world's sixth largest military expenditure, second largest armed force, sixth largest economy by nominal rates and third largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity, [2] India is a regional power, [3] a nascent global power and a potential superpower. India has a growing international influence and a prominent voice in global affairs. India is a newly industrialised country, has a history of collaboration with several countries, is a component of the BRICS and a major part of developing world. [ 4] [5] India was one of the founding members of several international organisations—the United Nations, the Asian Development Bank, New Development BRICS Bank, and G-20 —and the founder of the Non-Aligned Movement. India has also played an important and influential role in other international organisations like East Asia Summit, [6]World Trade Organisation, [7] International Monetary Fund (IMF), [8] G8+5 [9] and IBSA Dialogue Forum. [ 10] India is also a member of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Regionally, India is a part of SAARC and BIMSTEC."
},
{
"docid": "D967275#0",
"title": "https://www.theglobalist.com/women-leaders/\nWomen Leaders",
"text": "\"Women Leaders Is there a common theme among the strongest female leaders of world history? By Madeleine M. Kunin, May 3, 2008Order \"\"Pearls, Politics & Power\"\" here. Takeaways It is hard to tease out generalizations about women leaders, except that many of them have been called too tough or too soft and easily manipulated by the men around them — a double bind. Tweet When David Ben-Gurion described Golda Meir as \"\"the only man\"\" in his cabinet, she was amused that he thought this was the greatest compliment he could pay to a woman. Tweet Indira Gandhi had to \"\"show one is not merely a daughter but also a person in her own right.\"\" \"\" Of course, being a woman you have to work twice as hard as a man,\"\" she said. Tweet Margaret Thatcher said, \"\"Any woman who understands the problems of running a home will be nearer to understanding the problems of running a country.\"\" Tweet Hatshepsut was the only woman to rule as a female pharaoh of Egypt for 20 years, 3,480 years ago. Her mummy was identified on July 6, 2007, by a tooth and verified by DNA tests. She had disappeared for almost 3,000 years because of the vengeance of her nephew/stepson, Thutmose III, who ordered her images destroyed."
},
{
"docid": "D2372259#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_catch_phrases\nList of political catchphrases",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from List of political catch phrases)navigation search This article's factual accuracy is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced. ( September 2008) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Look up catchphrase in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. The following is a list of political catchphrases, that is, distinctive statements uttered by political figures that have gone on to become well known. Catchphrases may originate as political slogans, as portions of prepared speeches, or from spontaneous utterances, including gaffes. Most catchphrases are in the form of sound bites. Contents [ hide ]1 Argentina2 Armenia3 Australia4 Austria5 Bangladesh6 Belgium7 Brazil8 Canada9 China9.1 Hong Kong10 Colombia11 Croatia12 Cuba13 Denmark14 Dominican Republic15 Estonia16 Finland17 France18 Georgia19 Germany20 Greece21 Hungary22 Indonesia23 India24 Iran25 Ireland26 Israel27 Italy28 Jordan29 Libya30 Lithuania31 Mexico32 Netherlands33 New Zealand34 Norway35 Pakistan36 Philippines37 Poland38 Portugal39 Roman Empire40 Romania41 Russia42 Slovakia43 Slovenia44 Spain44.1 Monarchy44.2 Prime Ministers44.3 Others45 Soviet Union46 Sweden47 Switzerland48 Tanzania49 Turkey50 Tunisia51 Ukraine52 United Kingdom53 United States54 Uruguay55 Vatican56 Venezuela57 References Argentina [ edit]\"\"¡Seamos libres, que lo demás no importa nada!\"\" (\"\" Let us be free, for the rest doesn't matter!\"\") – Said in a pre-battle speech in 1817 by General José de San Martín to his troops just before the Battle of Chacabuco during the Crossing of the Andes. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D800019#0",
"title": "http://www.mapsofindia.com/government-of-india/\nGovernment of India",
"text": "\"Government of India The government of India or the central government is the governing authority of the country which governs it as per the Constitution of India. The official name of the Indian government is Union Government of India. The government carries out its operation from New Delhi, the capital city of the nation. The entire Republic of India comes within the purview of the central government. The Republic of India comprises 29 states and 7 union territories of the country. The Indian government is democratic in nature. Branches of the Indian Government The central government of India comprises three distinctive branches that are as follows: The Executive The Legislative The Judiciary Executive Comprising the President, the Vice President, the Prime Minister and the Cabinet Ministers of India, the Executive branch of the nation's government is entirely responsible for the daily administration of the bureaucracies of the different states and union territories of India. Being the Head of State, the President of India heads the country's government. As per the Article 53 (1) of the Constitution of India, an Indian President has the authority to exercise the vested executive and constitutional powers directly or via the subordinate officers. As mentioned in Article 74 of the Indian Constitution, the country's President acts in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister of the Republic, who is the head of the government."
},
{
"docid": "D2038112#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Bangladesh\nPresident of Bangladesh",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search President of the People's Republic of Bangladesh গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতিPresidential seal Presidential Standard Incumbent Abdul Hamid since 20 March 2013Style The Honourable His Excellency (diplomatic, outside Bangladesh. ) Residence Bangabhaban Palace Appointer Jatiya Sangsad Term length Five years, renewable once Inaugural holder Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Formation 26 March 1971; 47 years ago Website http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/Bangladesh This article is part of a series on thepolitics and government of Bangladesh Constitution and law [show]Government [show]Administrative geography [show]Elections [show]Foreign policy [show]Other countries Atlasv t e The President of Bangladesh ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি — Bangladesher Raṣhṭrôpôti) is the Head of State of Bangladesh. The role of the president has been changed three times since Bangladesh achieved independence in 1971. In 1991, with the restoration of a democratically elected government, Bangladesh adopted a parliamentary democracy. The President is now a largely ceremonial post elected by the parliament. [ 1]In 1996, Parliament passed new laws enhancing the President's executive authority, as laid down in the constitution, after the Parliament dissolves. The President resides at the Bangabhaban, which is his office and residence. The President is elected by the 300 parliamentarians in an open ballot, and thus generally represents the majority party of the legislature. [ 2] [3] [4] He continues to hold in office after his five-year term expires until a successor is elected to the presidency. [ 2]Contents [ hide ]1 Powers and duties1.1 Appointments powers1.2 Prerogative of mercy1.3 Legislative powers1.4 Chancellor at Universities2 Selection process2.1 Eligibility2.2 Conditions for presidency2.3 Election process2.4 Oath or affirmation3 Immunity4 Succession5 Removal6 Presidential residences and office7 History of the office7.1 Parliamentary republic (1971–74)7.2 Dictatorships and Presidential system (1974–91)7.3 Restoration of Parliamentary system (1991—present)8 List of presidents9 See also10 References Powers and duties [ edit]Currently, although the position of President holds de jure importance, its de facto powers are largely ceremonial. ["
},
{
"docid": "D328245#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_India\nGovernment of India",
"text": "\"Government of India From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Government of India Bhārata Sarakāra Emblem of India Formation January 26, 1950; 68 years ago Country Republic of India Website india .gov .in Head of state President ( Ramnath Kovind)Seat Rashtrapati Bhavan Legislature Legislature Parliament Upper house Rajya Sabha Leader Chairman ( Venkaiah Naidu)Lower house Lok Sabha Leader Speaker ( Sumitra Mahajan)Meeting place Sansad Bhavan Executive Head of government Prime minister ( Narendra Modi)Main organ Cabinet Head of civil services Cabinet secretary ( Pradeep Kumar Sinha, IAS)Meeting place Central secretariat Ministries 57Responsible to Lok Sabha Judiciary Court Supreme court Chief judge Chief justice ( Dipak Misra)India This article is part of a series on thepolitics and government of India Constitution & Law [show]Union Government [show]Elections [show]Federalism [show]Other countries Atlasv t e The Government of India ( IAST: Bhārata Sarakāra ), often abbreviated as Go I, is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. Contents [ hide ]1 Basic structure2 Legislature3 Executive3.1 President3.2 Vice president3.3 Prime minister3.4 Cabinet, ministries and agencies3.4.1 Secretaries3.5 Civil services3.5.1 Cabinet secretary4 Judiciary4.1 Supreme court5 Elections and voting6 State and local governments7 Finance7.1 Taxation7.2 Union budget8 Issues8.1 Corruption9 See also10 References11 Further reading12 External links Basic structure [ edit]Modelled after the westminster system for governing the state, [1] the union government is mainly composed of the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary, in which all powers are vested by the constitution in parliament, the prime minister and the supreme court. The President of India is the head of state and the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces whilst the electedprime minister acts as the head of the executive, and is responsible for running the union government. [ 2] The parliament is bicameral in nature, with the Lok Sabha being the lower house, and the Rajya Sabha the upper house. The judiciary systematically contains an apex supreme court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the supreme court. [ 3]The basic civil and criminal laws governing the citizens of India are set down in major parliamentary legislation, such as the civil procedure code, the penal code, and the criminal procedure code. [ 4] Similar to the union government, individual state governments each consist of executive, legislative and judiciary. The legal system as applicable to the union and individual state governments is based on the English Common and Statutory Law. [ 5] The full name of the country is the Republic of India."
},
{
"docid": "D1061450#0",
"title": "http://www.naukrihub.com/salary-in-india/prime-minister.html\nPay and Allowance of the Prime Minister",
"text": "Pay and Allowance of the Prime Minister Basic Pay 50,000Sumptuary Grant 3,000Daily Allowance 62,000 (@ 2,000 per day)Constituency Grant 45,000Gross Salary per Month 1,60,000Annual: INR 1,920,000.00 Weekly: INR 36,923.00 Daily: INR 5,260.00When you talk about the remuneration of the PM, you have to take into account the numerous perks, incentives, and bonuses that he is entitled to apart from his gross salary. The PM has the privilege of living in an expansive bungalow with a posse of SPG security personnel for his round the clock security and an outer cordon of policemen that provides foolproof security to the PMO. Add to that the cost of maintaining his office, salaries of officials and personal secretaries and assistants entrusted to help him in the discharge of his duties and so on. The salary of the PM is mentioned in Article 75 of the Indian Constitution. The incumbent PM receives a gross salary of 1, 60, 000 INR per month. Pension for Former PMFormer Prime Ministers of India are provided with: Rent-free accommodation for lifetime. Medical facilities, 14 secretarial staff, office expenses against actual expenditure, six domestic executive-class flight tickets, and unlimitedfree train travels for first five years. SPG cover for one year. After five years: One personal assistant and peon, free air and train tickets and Rs. 6,000 for office expenses."
},
{
"docid": "D1488378#0",
"title": "http://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-12641776\nIndia profile - Timeline",
"text": "\"India profile - Timeline23 January 2018Share A chronology of key events: India has been home to several ancient civilisations and empires, some dating back to more than 2,000 BC. Culture and religions have flourished over the millennia, and foreign influence has ebbed and flowed.1858 - India comes under direct rule of the British crown after failed Indian mutiny.1885 - Indian National Congress founded as forum for emerging nationalist feeling. Getty Images Mahatma Gandhi steered India to independence Mahatma Gandhi's fading dream BBC - History - Historic Figures Mohandas Gandhi (1869 - 1948)1920-22 - Nationalist figurehead Mahatma Gandhi launches anti-British civil disobedience campaign.1942-43 - Congress launches \"\"Quit India\"\" movement.1947 - End of British rule and partition of sub-continent into mainly Hindu India and Muslim-majority state of Pakistan. Newly independent1947-48 - Hundreds of thousands die in widespread communal bloodshed after partition.1948 - Mahatma Gandhi assassinated by Hindu extremist.1948 - War with Pakistan over disputed territory of Kashmir.1951-52 - Congress Party wins first general elections under leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru. Regional tensions1962 - India loses brief border war with China.1964 - Death of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. Getty Images The rail network covers the length and breadth of India1965 - Second war with Pakistan over Kashmir.1966 - Nehru's daughter Indira Gandhi becomes prime minister.1971 - Third war with Pakistan over creation of Bangladesh, formerly East Pakistan.1971 - Twenty-year treaty of friendship signed with Soviet Union.1974 - India explodes first nuclear device in underground test. Democratic strains1975 - Indira Gandhi declares state of emergency after being found guilty of electoral malpractice.1975-1977 - Nearly 1,000 political opponents imprisoned and programme of compulsory birth control introduced.1977 - Indira Gandhi's Congress Party loses general elections.1980 - Indira Gandhi returns to power heading Congress party splinter group, Congress (Indira).1984 - Troops storm Golden Temple - Sikhs' most holy shrine - to flush out Sikh militants pressing for self-rule. Getty Images Indira Gandhi served four terms as prime minister1984 - Indira Gandhi assassinated by Sikh bodyguards, following which her son, Rajiv, takes over.1984 December - Gas leak at Union Carbide pesticides plant in Bhopal. Thousands are killed immediately, many more subsequently die or are left disabled.1987 - India deploys troops for peacekeeping operation in Sri Lanka's ethnic conflict.1989 - Falling public support leads to Congress defeat in general election.1990 - Indian troops withdrawn from Sri Lanka.1990 - Muslim separatist groups begin campaign of violence in Kashmir.1991 - Rajiv Gandhi assassinated by suicide bomber sympathetic to Sri Lanka's Tamil Tigers.1991 - Economic reform programme begun by Prime Minister PV Narasimha Rao.1992 - Hindu extremists demolish mosque in Ayodhya, triggering widespread Hindu-Muslim violence. BJP to the fore1996 - Congress suffers worst ever electoral defeat as Hindu nationalist BJP emerges as largest single party.1998 - BJP forms coalition government under Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee."
},
{
"docid": "D2068280#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi\nRajiv Gandhi",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the politician. For other uses of the name, see Rajiv Gandhi (disambiguation). Rajiv Gandhi Prime Minister of India, MP6th Prime Minister of India In office 31 October 1984 – 2 December 1989President Zail Singh R. Venkataraman Preceded by Indira Gandhi Succeeded by V. P. Singh Leader of the Opposition In office 18 December 1989 – 23 December 1990Prime Minister V. P. Singh Preceded by Vacant Succeeded by L. K. Advani President of the Indian National Congress In office 1985–1991Preceded by Indira Gandhi Succeeded by P. V. Narasimha Rao Member of Parliament for Amethi In office 17 August 1981 – 21 May 1991Preceded by Sanjay Gandhi Succeeded by Satish Sharma Personal details Born Rajiv Ratna Gandhi 20 August 1944 Bombay, Bombay Presidency, British India (now Mumbai, Maharashtra, India)Died 21 May 1991 (aged 46) Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu, India Cause of death Assassination Resting place Veer Bhumi Political party Indian National Congress Spouse (s) Sonia Gandhi ( m. 1968)Relations See Nehru–Gandhi family Children Rahul Priyanka Parents Feroze Gandhi Indira Gandhi Alma mater Trinity College, Cambridge Imperial College London Profession Aircraft pilot Politician Awards Bharat Ratna (1991)Rajiv Ratna Gandhi ( / ˈ r ɑː dʒ iː v ˈ ɡ ɑː n d iː / ( listen); 20 August 1944 – 21 May 1991) was an Indian politician who served as the 6th Prime Minister of India from 1984 to 1989. He took office after the 1984 assassination of his mother, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, to become the youngest Indian Prime Minister at the age of 40. Gandhi was a scion of the politically powerful Nehru–Gandhi family, which had been associated with the Indian National Congress party. For much of his childhood, his maternal grandfather Jawaharlal Nehru was Prime Minister. Gandhi attended college in the United Kingdom. He returned to India in 1966 and became a professional pilot for the state-owned Indian Airlines. In 1968 he married Sonia Gandhi; the couple settled in Delhi to a domestic life with their children Rahul Gandhi and Priyanka Gandhi Vadra. For much of the 1970s, his mother Indira Gandhi was prime minister and his brother Sanjay Gandhi (earlier Sanjay) an MP; despite this, Rajiv Gandhi remained apolitical."
},
{
"docid": "D2515493#0",
"title": "http://gksea.com/QA/q57.html\n.",
"text": "Advertisements Important Question Question 57: Who was the first President of Indian Republic? A). Dr. Rajendra Prasad B). Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru C). Dr. Zakir Hussain D). Lord Mountbatten Answer: Dr. Rajendra Prasad Explanation: Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the first President of India. Previous Question | Next Question For More Questions Advertisements Important links Who was the first President of Indian Republic? Who was the first Prime Minister of free India? Who was the first Indian to win Nobel Prize?"
},
{
"docid": "D149081#0",
"title": "http://www.wonderslist.com/10-famous-political-leaders-who-were-assassinated/\n10 Famous Political Leaders who were Assassinated",
"text": "10 Famous Political Leaders who were Assassinated Ejaz Khan 1 Comment A murder of an individual is called assassination, who is usually a famous celebrity, politician, religious figure or royal. Usually in cases of assassination there is a clear motive – jealousy, political or religious idealism, contract killing, revenge etc.. As the world moved into the modern day, the killing of important people began to become more than a tool in power struggles between rulers themselves and was also used for political symbolism, such as in the propaganda of the deed. Ever since the Moabite King Eglon was stabbed to death on his throne in 1200 BCE. And, probably long before that, the political leaders have been killed for any number of reasons. Assassinations may be prompted by religious, ideological, political, or military reasons, but the end result is targeted killing of a public figure, whom we know well or we love. Here is a list of 10 notable assassinations of most famous and beloved political leaders and the places where they were assassinated. Lets start the list of famous political leaders who were assassinated.10. Rafic Hariri: Lebanon Rafic Baha El Deen Al-Hariri (November 1, 1944 – February 14, 2005), was a business tycoon and the Prime Minister of Lebanon from 1992 to 1998 and again from 2000 until his resignation, 20 October 2004. He headed five cabinets during his tenure. Hariri dominated the country’s post-war political and business life and is widely credited with reconstructing Beirut after the 15-year civil war."
},
{
"docid": "D2244386#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_of_the_Nation\nFather of the Nation",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. ( June 2013) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)The Father of the Nation is an honorific title given to a man considered the driving force behind the establishment of his country, state, or nation. Pater Patriae (plural Patres Patriae ), also seen as Parens Patriae, was a Roman honorific meaning the \"\"Father of the Fatherland\"\", bestowed by the Senate on heroes, and later on emperors. In monarchies, the monarch was often considered the \"\"father/mother of the nation\"\" or as a patriarch to guide his family. This concept is expressed in the Divine Right espoused in some monarchies, while in others it is codified into constitutional law as in Spain, where the monarch is considered the personification and embodiment, the symbol of the unity and permanence of the nation. In Thailand, the monarch is given the same recognition, and demonstrated loyalty is enforced with severe criminal statutes. Many dictators bestow titles upon themselves, which rarely survive the end of their regime. Gnassingbé Eyadéma of Togo 's titles included \"\"father of the nation\"\", \"\"older brother\"\", and \"\"Guide of the People\"\". ["
},
{
"docid": "D1061448#0",
"title": "http://www.bemoneyaware.com/blog/pay-and-perks-of-indian-mp-mla-and-prime-minister/\nPay and perks of Indian MP, MLA and Prime Minister",
"text": "Pay and perks of Indian MP, MLA and Prime Minister May 18, 2014 by bemoneyaware 166 Comments Last updated on: February 3, 2018“In the forthcoming 60 months, the country won’t get a labourer like me, ” said Narendra Modi after BJP won the Lok Sabha elections by landslide margin on 16th 2014. “ I have always said the government doesn’t belong to a party but to the country. A government doesn’t belong to any group but works for all 125 crore people (of the country)…. Improving everyone’s lives is the government’s priority ,” he said. So how much do the Prime Minister of India, Members of Parliament earn? What about the salary and perks of State Assemblies? This article tries to answer these questions. Finance Minister Arun Jaitley during Budget 2018 proposed changes to refix emoluments to Parliamentarians with effect from April 1, 2018. The proposed law will provide automatic revision of emoluments every five years indexed to inflation. Emoluments for the President, Vice-President and Governors were also revised to ₹5 lakh, ₹4lakh and ₹3.5 lakh per month respectively."
}
] |
8396 | who is the girl from the book thief | [
{
"docid": "D1850039#0",
"title": "http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5318749\nCall Me Death: Odd Narrator of a Girl's Story",
"text": "JOHN YDSTIE, host: In a new novel called The Book Thief, the young heroine steals books in order to rebuild her life, one from a Nazi bonfire, another a gravedigger's manual, another from the town mayor's personal library. The work by Australian author Markus Zusak is aimed at a teenage audience, but it addresses themes like death, memory and language. The main character, Liesel Meminger, a young, illiterate German girl, moves in with a foster family in Nazi Germany. As war comes closer, she struggles to learn to read and to write down the stories of those around her. Mr. MARKUS ZUSAK (Author, The Book Thief): She steals books at a time when people were captivated by Adolph Hitler, and in a way she's stealing words back. He was destroying people with words, and she steals books from book burnings and all types of other places, and she shares these stories with the young Jewish man hiding in her basement, and she reads them in the bomb shelters to calm people down. So in a way, she's stealing the words back, and she's rewriting her own beautiful story through this ugly world that surrounds her. YDSTIE: What made you decide to have Death himself, or Death itself, narrate this story? Mr. ZUSAK: Well, I thought I'm writing a book about war, and there's that old adage that war and death are best friends, but once you start with that idea, then I thought, well, what if it's not quite like that? Then I thought what if death is more like thinking, well, war is like the boss at your shoulder, constantly wanting more, wanting more, wanting more, and then that gave me the idea that Death is weary, he's fatigued, and he's haunted by what he sees humans do to each other because he's on hand for all of our great miseries."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D850032#0",
"title": "http://www.movies.com/book-thief/m69410\nThe Book Thief",
"text": "Main Details News Trailers + Clips Photos Reviews DVDSynopsis A young girl (Sophie Nelisse) living with foster parents ( Geoffrey Rush and Emily Watson) in Nazi Germany begins collecting forbidden books and sharing them with the Jewish refugee hiding in her home in this war drama adapted from Markus Zusak's book by screenwriter Michael Petroni ( more News New VOD and Streaming Movies, Plus: How to Watch 'The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug' at Home Before Disc New VOD and Streaming Movies, Plus: How to Watch 'Frozen' at Home Weeks Before Disc See all The Book Thief news Trailers + Clips The Book Thief (Uk Trailer 3) The Book Thief: Snowball Fight The Book Thief: Make The Words Yours The Book Thief: Did Anyone See You? Movies.com Critics1.0Dave White Profile Reading Rainbow of Doom Read full review Sorry, not available Grae Drake Profile Read Grae's other reviews Other Critics3.053 out of 100 Metascore ®Mixed or average reviews Read reviews For Families OK for kids 13+Read reviews Photos All The Book Thief photos Cast + Crew Geoffrey Rush Emily Watson Ben Schnetzer Roger Allam Heike Makatsch All The Book Thief cast + crew photos"
},
{
"docid": "D3511257#0",
"title": "http://www.antiessays.com/free-essays/The-Book-Thief-And-The-Boy-483137.html\nThe Book Thief and the Boy and the Striped Pyjamas Essay",
"text": "\"The Book Thief and the Boy and the Striped Pyjamas Essay Submitted by: ghurleyon June 7, 2013Category: English Length: 1,243 words Open Document Below is an essay on \"\"The Book Thief and the Boy and the Striped Pyjamas\"\" from Anti Essays, your source for research papers, essays, and term paper examples. ‘The Book Thief’ and the ‘Boy in the Striped Pyjamas’ The Book Thief focuses on a 12 year old girl, Liesel and her family who are living in Germany during World War Two. When her family takes in Max, a Jewish man that is hiding from the Nazi Soldiers, Liesel’s life is turned upside down as she struggles to keep her family’s secret and to find a place in her new world. The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas is also set during World War Two. It follows the story of Bruno, a young boy whose father is a Commander General of a Nazi Concentration Camp. With nothing to do, he explores and finds Shmuel, a Jewish boy that is being held in the camp. They become good friends but their friendship leads Bruno to a mistaken death. The authors of these two texts use similar themes to convey a story of relationships within the books. The relationships within these two stories both witness death. In The Book Thief, Liesel and Rudy both face death; Liesel more so than Rudy as she has to deal with the loss of not only her entire family but also the loss of her best friend."
},
{
"docid": "D1850040#0",
"title": "http://www.gradesaver.com/the-book-thief/study-guide/summary\nThe Book Thief",
"text": "Section Navigation Home Study Guides The Book Thief The Book Thief Summary The Book Thiefby Markus Zusak Buy Study Guide The Book Thief Summary Narrated by Death, The Book Thief is the story of Liesel Meminger, a nine-year-old German girl who given up by her mother to live with Hans and Rosa Hubermann in the small town of Molching in 1939, shortly before World War II. On their way to Molching, Liesel's younger brother Werner dies, and she is traumatized, experiencing nightmares about him for months. Hans is a gentle man who brings her comfort and helps her learn to read, starting with a book Liesel took from the cemetery where her brother was buried. Liesel befriends a neighborhood boy, Rudy Steiner, who falls in love with her. At a book burning, Liesel realizes that her father was persecuted for being a Communist, and that her mother was likely killed by the Nazis for the same crime. She is seen stealing a book from the burning by the mayor's wife Ilsa Hermann, who later invites Liesel to read in her library. Keeping a promise he made to the man who saved his life, Hans agrees to hide a Jew named Max Vandenberg in his basement. Liesel and Max become close friends, and Max writes Liesel two stories about their friendship, both of which are reproduced in the novel. When Hans publicly gives bread to an old Jew being sent to a concentration camp, Max must leave, and Hans is drafted into the military at a time when air raids over major German cities were escalating in terms of frequency and fatality. Liesel next sees Max being marched towards the concentration camp at Dachau."
},
{
"docid": "D2480665#0",
"title": "https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/122900.Who_Stole_the_Wizard_of_Oz_\nWho Stole the Wizard of Oz?",
"text": "\"Want to Read Rate this book1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars Who Stole the Wizard of Oz?by Avi, Derek James (Illustrator), Michael Avi-Yonah3.56 · Rating details · 669 Ratings · 75 Reviews One of Newbery Honor author Avi's most popular middle-grade mysteries is available in paper once again. The mystery revolves around a rare edition of The Wizard of Oz missing from the local library. When Becky is accused of stealing it, she and her twin brother Toby set out to catch the real thief and prove her innocence. Clues cleverly hidden in four other books lead to...more Get A Copy Amazon Stores ▾ Libraries Paperback, 128 pages Published January 20th 1990 by Yearling (first published January 4th 1981)More Details... edit details Friend Reviews To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. Reader Q&ATo ask other readers questions about Who Stole the Wizard of Oz? , please sign up . Popular Answered Questions Who is telling the story?like 2 years ago Add your answer Daniel The person who is telling the story is Becky's brother, Toby.flag See 1 question about Who Stole the Wizard of Oz?…Lists with This Book Best of Avi90 books — 7 voters Best Books Inspired by L. Frank Baum's Oz Series28 books — 33 voters More lists with this book... Community Reviews (showing 1-30)Rating details Sort: Default|Filter Aug 26, 2011Morgan rated it it was ok This was a fun, fanciful book. This book could pick up a lot of student interest in other, more classical \"\"children's literature\"\" including The Wizard of Oz, Whinnie The Pooh, Alice in Wonderland/Through the Looking Glass, Treasure Island, and The Wind in the Willows. This book talks about looking deeper into what we read, and making connections, indeed an important theme of this book is that books can lead you to treasure... However, just as Becky and Toby find-- the treasure that books lead yo ...moreflag1 like · Like · see review May 08, 2014Randie D. Camp, M. S. rated it it was amazing Shelves: mystery Now here is a book with great ending! Fast moving plot, exciting clues and twists, and a meaningful message."
},
{
"docid": "D216686#0",
"title": "http://www.bibletools.org/index.cfm/fuseaction/Topical.show/RTD/cgg/ID/139/Sober-minded.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Bible verses about Sober (minded) ( From Forerunner Commentary )Self-mastery (\"\"soberly\"\" in NKJV) is self-government or self-control, the foundation of a strong godly life, growth, and producing fruit. If a person cannot govern himself, if he cannot master his passions, he will certainly not have a good relationship with his fellowman or God. His life will likely be marked by major excesses. The biblical writers use this word in various ways: to behave in an orderly manner, to be sober, serious, sane, sound-minded, discreet, self-disciplined, prudent, and moderate. In context of a person controlling himself, Paul writes, \"\"For I say, through the grace given to me, to everyone who is among you, not to think of himself more highly than he ought to think, but to think soberly, as God has dealt to each one a measure of faith \"\" ( Romans 12:3; see Titus 2:6; I Peter 4:7 ). A person who has self-mastery is even-handed, and his passions are under control. He makes proper use of his drives and desires, and his manner of life is not one of extremes. A person reflecting this quality will be making steady progress in growing into the perfectly balanced character of Jesus Christ. John W. Ritenbaugh Five Teachings of Grace We could easily think of integrity (\"\"righteously\"\" in NKJV) strictly in terms of law and pursue it no further. But when we see how this word is translated elsewhere, we add a dimension that helps us better understand how we should act toward our fellowman."
},
{
"docid": "D1714640#0",
"title": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Percy_Jackson_and_the_Olympians_characters\nList of Percy Jackson and the Olympians characters",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search An expert on the subject should have a look at this article or section. This is because it the large block of info added by IP users repeatedly many times should be checked to make sure it is right. Please help recruit one or improve this article yourself. See the talk page for details. ( June 2017)The English used in this article or section may not be easy for everybody to understand. You can help Wikipedia by reading Wikipedia: How to write Simple English pages, then simplifying the article. ( February 2016)This is a list of characters in the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series of fantasy novels by Rick Riordan. Contents1 Main Characters2 Greek gods3 Lesser gods4 Titans5 Immortals6 Demigods7 Monsters8 Mortals9 Others10 References Main Characters [ change | change source]Percy Jackson: The protagonist and narrator of the series and the son of Poseidon. Being a child of the \"\"Big Three\"\" (Zeus, Poseidon, Hades), Percy is possibly the child referred to within the prophecy, which foretells that the next half-blood child of the \"\"Big Three\"\" to reach the age of sixteen would make a decision that would either save or destroy Olympus. [ 1] He was technically only selected to go on two of the five quests in the series, the first being the retrieval of Zeus' master thunderbolt."
},
{
"docid": "D3549494#0",
"title": "https://www.bookdepository.com/Book-Thief-Markus-Zusak/9780375831003\nThe Book Thief",
"text": "\"Share The Book Thief4.36 (1,353,191 ratings by Goodreads)Hardback English By (author) Markus Zusak List price: US$19.99Currently unavailable Add to wishlist Abe Books may have this title (opens in new window). Try Abe Books Description The extraordinary #1\"\"New York Times\"\"bestseller that is now a major motion picture, Markus Zusak's unforgettable story is about the ability of books to feed the soul. It is 1939. Nazi Germany. The country is holding its breath. Death has never been busier, and will become busier still. Liesel Meminger is a foster girl living outside of Munich, who scratches out a meager existence for herself by stealing when she encounters something she can t resist books. With the help of her accordion-playing foster father, she learns to read and shares her stolen books with her neighbors during bombing raids as well as with the Jewish man hidden in her basement. In superbly crafted writing that burns with intensity, award-winning author Markus Zusak, author of \"\"I Am the Messenger, \"\" has given us one of the most enduring stories of our time. \"\" Product details For ages 12-17Format Hardback | 552 pages Dimensions 144 x 208 x 42mm | 680.39g Publication date 14 Mar 2006Publisher Random House USA Inc Imprint Random House Inc Publication City/Country New York, United States Language English ISBN10 0375831002ISBN13 9780375831003Bestsellers rank 10,969 \""
},
{
"docid": "D141640#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Concert_(Vermeer)\nThe Concert (Vermeer)",
"text": "\"The Concert (Vermeer)From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search The Concert Artist Johannes Vermeer Year circa 1664Medium Oil on canvas Dimensions 72.5 cm × 64.7 cm (28.5 in × 25.5 in)Location Whereabouts unknown since the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum theft in 1990The Concert ( c. 1664) is a painting by Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer. The 72.5-by-64.7-centimetre (28.5 by 25.5 in) picture depicts a man and two women playing music. It belongs to the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston, but was stolen in 1990 and remains missing. [ 1] It is thought to be the most valuable unrecovered stolen painting ever, with a value estimated at over $200,000,000. [ 2]Contents [ hide ]1 Description2 Provenance3 In popular culture4 See also5 References6 External links Description [ edit]The picture shows three musicians: a young woman sitting at a harpsichord, a man playing the lute, and a woman who is singing. The harpsichord's upturned lid is decorated with an Arcadian landscape; its bright coloring stands in contrast to the two paintings hanging on the wall to the right and left. A viola da gamba can be seen lying on the floor. Of the two paintings in the background, the one on the right is The Procuress by Dirck Van Baburen, a work which also appears in Vermeer's Lady Seated at a Virginal, probably painted around six years after The Concert. The painting on the left is a wild pastoral landscape. The musical theme in Dutch painting in Vermeer's time often connoted love and seduction, [3] a motif reinforced by the presence of Baburen's sexually exuberant picture."
},
{
"docid": "D1052642#0",
"title": "http://www.allahkaarim.com/baby-dream-interpretation/\nBABY DREAM INTERPRETATION",
"text": "BABY DREAM INTERPRETATIONQamar Dreams Comments Off Baby crow Dream Explanation — (Fledgling; Nestling) A fledgling crow in a dream represents poverty, need, separation from one’s parents and segregation from one’s relatives or clan. If one is experiencing such adverse conditions in wakefulness, then seeing a fledgling crow in a dream means satisfaction of one’s needs and reunion with his family. When the egg hatches and the baby crow comes out of it, the parents shy away from their fledgling and remain distant from the nest. Then Allah Almighty will provide the nestling crow with various types of flies to eat from. Once the baby crow’s feathers grow, the parents will return to their nest and care for their baby until it commences to fly. A Newborn Baby Boy Dream Explanation — (Baby) It suggests grief and harships for the one to whome a boy is born. A Newborn Baby Girl Dream Explanation — (Baby) It is deemed a better dream than a newborn boy. It symbolises joy and happiness for the one who sees her. Fledgling Dream Explanation — (See Baby crow)Nestling Dream Explanation — (See Baby crow)Nightingale Dream Explanation — It represents a bless baby boy or a loyal servant or slave. Little girl Dream Explanation — A little girl in a dream represents prosperity, wealth after poverty, and ease after a passing adversity."
},
{
"docid": "D2166207#0",
"title": "http://onceuponatimeabc.wikia.com/wiki/Will_Scarlet\nWill Scarlet",
"text": "\"Will Scarlet Portrayed by Michael Socha First seen \"\" Down the Rabbit Hole \"\"Last seen \"\" Operation Mongoose, Part 2 \"\"Episode count 27Centric episode\"\" Forget Me Not \"\"Shared centric episode\"\" To Catch a Thief \"\"Name Will Scarlet AKA Knave of Hearts White King Origin Oz Profession Thief King Family Anastasia - Wife Penelope Scarlet - Sister Unnamed Mother-in-Law Season (s) S1 - S2 - S3 - OW - S4 - S5 - S6 - S7Bloody hell!Will Scarlet, also known as the Knave of Hearts, is one of the main characters of Once Upon a Time in Wonderland and Once Upon a Time. Formerly a thief, Will made his way to Wonderland to provide a better, dreamy life for his lover, but things didn't go entirely as planned and eventually she left him to pursue her personal aspirations. Will then lost his heart - quite literally - and became the Knave of Hearts. He met Alice and became her friend, and was transported to Storybrooke, Maine when the Dark Curse hit. However, the White Rabbit summoned him to rescue Alice from an asylum and sent them on a chase to find Cyrus, Alice's one true love, in Wonderland. Will reluctantly agreed, out of loyalty to his friend... and the offer of one of her wishes. Ultimately, he and Alice succeed and he ends up happily ruling over Wonderland at Anastasia's side as the White King . Contents [ show]Biography Before the Curse I love you, Anastasia. Will, unable to move on from his sister's death, befriends the thief Robin Hood. (\"\" Heart of Gold \"\")Will grew up with a competitive sister named Penelope and the two of them would spend every winter playing on the frozen lake near their house; unfortunately, one year, Penelope falls through a thin patch of ice and dies, much to her brother's dismay. (\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D1579334#0",
"title": "http://riordan.wikia.com/wiki/Thalia_Grace\nThalia Grace",
"text": "\"Thalia Grace PJO/Ho O Alt Full name Thalia Grace Gender Female Alias Daughter of Zeus Lieutenant of Artemis Family Beryl Grace † (mother) Zeus (father) Jason Grace (brother) Artemis (half sister/adoptive mother) Hunters of Artemis (adoptive sisters)Eye Blue Hair Black Height Unknown Species Demigod Affiliation Olympus Hunters of Artemis Status Immortal Appearances The Lightning Thief The Sea of Monsters The Titan's Curse The Last Olympian The Demigod Files The Lost Hero The Demigod Diaries The House of Hades (flashback) The Blood of Olympus The Dark Prophecy Actor Paloma Kwiatkowski Katelyn Mager (Young Thalia)“ I'm honoring a friend. I must join the hunt, Percy. I haven't known peace since...since Half-Blood Hill. I finally feel like I have a home. But you're a hero. You will be the one of the prophecy. ”– Thalia to Percy, in The Titan's Curse Thalia Grace is the Greek demigod daughter of Zeus and mortal, Beryl Grace, and the older sister of Roman demigod Jason Grace. She was transformed into a pine tree on Half-Blood Hill, which still stands as the official border for Camp Half-Blood to this day. Later on, she was revived with the Golden Fleece. She is currently the lieutenant of the Hunters of Artemis ."
},
{
"docid": "D850031#0",
"title": "http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0816442/reviews\nUser Reviews",
"text": "\"The Book Thief (2013)User Reviews Review this title254 Reviews Hide Spoilers Sort by: Filter by Rating:9 /10Simply Beautifuldclark46 30 November 20139.5. I'd love to give it a 10, but having read the book, I know there were a couple of things they could have done to make it even better. The film was stunning nonetheless. I had very high expectations going in and honestly, from the trailer, I was prepared for a let down. Nothing of the sort. The scenery was breathtaking and captivating, and I felt transported, insulated from the realities of a terrible war in a terrible time by the endearingly human performances of the actors and the depth they lent to their characters. The only complaints I have would be slight spoilers for both the movie and the book and since I highly recommend both, I'll save them. A powerfully emotional treat you won't regret. Go see it!131 out of 153 found this helpful. Was this review helpful?"
},
{
"docid": "D2936352#0",
"title": "http://www.teenink.com/reviews/book_reviews/article/579541/Heat-by-MIke-Lupica-by-Mike-Lupica/\nHeat by MIke Lupica by Mike Lupica",
"text": "Report Abuse Home > Reviews > Book Reviews > Heat by MIke Lupica by Mike Lupica Heat by MIke Lupica by Mike Lupica September 6, 2013By John H., South Charleston, WVMore by this author Email me when John H. contributes work Image Credit: Tanner K., Lewisville, TXHeat By Mike Lupica ` My summer reading book was Heat by Mike Lupica. Mike Lupica has written many other books just like this one such as Travel Team, The Batboy, and The Big Field. He is also a sports analyst on a popular ESPN TV show. I enjoy how he can make someone who doesn’t typically enjoy reading, like myself, really like his books. This was one of the favorite books I’ve ever read. Heat is about a twelve year old boy named Michael Arroyo who lives in New York City, New York in modern times. He lives with his older brother Carlos, who is only seventeen, because his father died. After Michael knocked out a thief, who was running from police, with a throw from home plate, he received lots of unwanted media attention. He tells authorities that want to meet his father that his father is in Florida attending to his sick uncle when questioned about where his father is. The reason he tells this lie is so that he and Carlos do not get separated because Carlos is only seventeen and is not allowed to live on his own."
},
{
"docid": "D567035#0",
"title": "http://www.gradesaver.com/the-book-thief/study-guide/summary-part-four\nThe Book Thief",
"text": "\"Section Navigation Home Study Guides The Book Thief Part Four Summary and Analysis The Book Thiefby Markus Zusak Buy Study Guide The Book Thief Summary and Analysis of Part Four Summary THE ACCORDIONIST (The Secret Life of Hans Hubermann)Max is standing in the Hubermanns' kitchen. He asks Hans if he still plays the accordion, and Hans says yes. The rest of this section is a flashback to Hans' past. Hans was a mediocre 22-year-old soldier fighting in France in World War I. He was not particularly eager to fight. Hans befriends a German Jew named Erik Vandenburg, who teaches Hans to play the accordion. The day the platoom is to go into battle, the Sergeant asks which one of them has good handwriting. None volunteered. The Sergeant says that whichever man does will not be going into battle, yet no man wants to seem like a coward. Erik nominates Hans, who is sent to write letters for the captain. The rest of the men are all killed."
},
{
"docid": "D1527794#0",
"title": "http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide-the-book-thief/\nThe Book Thief Summary & Study Guide",
"text": "The Book Thief Summary & Study Guide Markus Zusak This Study Guide consists of approximately 52 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of The Book Thief. Print Word PDFThis section contains 1,020 words (approx. 3 pages at 400 words per page) View a FREE sample The Book Thief Summary & Study Guide Description The Book Thief Summary & Study Guide includes comprehensive information and analysis to help you understand the book. This study guide contains the following sections: Plot Summary Chapters Characters Objects/Places Themes Style Quotes This detailed literature summary also contains Topics for Discussion and a Free Quiz on The Book Thief by Markus Zusak. The Book Thief by Markus Zusak is a novel of cruelty, poverty, and hope. Liesel Meminger is a young girl who has been placed in foster care by her mother. Liesel's brother dies en route to their new home and this leaves Liesel traumatized, causing her to have terrible nightmares in the middle of the night. Liesel's foster father begins teaching her to read on these nights to distract her from her pain. Liesel learns to turn to books for comfort. When the war begins, comfort becomes a rare state of mind, so Liesel finds ways to seek it out."
},
{
"docid": "D2765935#0",
"title": "https://au.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080215150932AA8QGJT\nAre there any really good (clean) romantic anime where the main guy is a 'bad boy' type and they fall in love?",
"text": "Entertainment & Music Comics & Animation Are there any really good (clean) romantic anime where the main guy is a 'bad boy' type and they fall in love? By 'bad boy' type, I mean like the main guy in Pretear (and I really loved that anime, lots of romance) and Natsume from Gauken Alice (there wasn't as much romance, and I want something where the characters are a bit more grown up, but I really liked his character). And also maybe the type of romance... show more4 following 7 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: I worked very hard on this so please respect my answer enough to not copy it. People have been copying my answer and pasting it saying it is their own. Any answer with these ratings and summaries is only by me (MCM). Also on a little side note, email me at [email protected] for any advice on anime, manga, or my opinion of one. YOU HAVE TO SEE KODOCHA!!! Kodocha is sooo much like Gakuen Alice. Kodocha has 102 episodes (long interesting plot, bad boy guy, girl is famous). I put a list of romantic animes after this."
},
{
"docid": "D2627962#0",
"title": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_characters_in_the_Camp_Half-Blood_series\nList of characters in the Camp Half-Blood series",
"text": "\"List of characters in the Camp Half-Blood series From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This is a list of characters in the Percy Jackson & the Olympians and The Heroes of Olympus series. Contents1 Main characters1.1 Percy Jackson1.2 Annabeth Chase1.3 Grover Underwood1.4 Tyson1.5 Nico di Angelo1.6 Thalia Grace1.7 Luke Castellan2 Greek/Roman gods2.1 Minor gods3 Titans4 Giants5 Immortals6 Demigods7 Mythological Characters8 Creatures and Monsters9 Mortals10 Names11 References Main characters [ change | change source]Percy Jackson [ change | change source]Main article: Percy Jackson Perseus \"\"Percy\"\" Jackson is a son of Poseidon and is the protagonist and narrator of the series. Being a child of one of the \"\"Big Three\"\" (Zeus, Hades, Poseidon), Percy is the hero referred to within the prophecy of the Oracle, which foretells that the next half-blood child of the \"\"Big Three\"\" to reach the age of sixteen would have to make a decision that would mean the destruction or saving of Olympus. Annabeth Chase [ change | change source]Main article: Annabeth (Percy Jackson)Annabeth Chase is a daughter of Athena. So, she is very intelligent. She is fascinated with architecture. In battle, she is a skilled enough fighter to fight along with Percy. She is very good in strategy. She ran away from home when she was seven and met Luke and Thalia, who took her with them to get to Camp Half-Blood. [ 1] She aids Percy in four of his five quests and is captured in one of them."
},
{
"docid": "D1728539#0",
"title": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annabeth_Chase\nAnnabeth Chase",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search The English used in this article or section may not be easy for everybody to understand. You can help Wikipedia by reading Wikipedia: How to write Simple English pages, then simplifying the article. ( March 2012)Annabeth Chase Percy Jackson & the Olympians,also briefly in Magnus Chase and The Gods of Asgard '' character First appearance The Lightning Thief Last appearance The Ship of the Dead Created by Rick Riordan Portrayed by Alexandra Daddario in the movies [1]Information Nickname (s) Wise Girl (by Percy) Princess (by Clarisse) Annie Bell (by Mr. D)Species Demigod / half-blood Gender Female Occupation Architect of Olympus, Smart Aleck of the Demigods, The Brains of the Argo IIFamily Athena (mother) Frederick Chase (father) Mrs. Chase ( stepmother) Daedalus (half-brother) Bobby Chase (half-brother) Matthew Chase (half-brother) Malcolm Chase (half-brother) Athena Cabin (half-siblings) Magnus Chase (paternal cousin)Annabeth Chase is a fictional character in Rick Riordan 's Percy Jackson and the Olympians series. She is a demigod, meaning she is half-mortal and half god. Her father is the mortal Frederick Chase and her mother is Athena, the goddess of wisdom, crafts, arts, and battle strategy. She is first cousins with Magnus Chase, who's mother is her paternal aunt. She appears first in the first novel of the series, The Lightning Thief. Throughout the series she becomes close friends with Percy Jackson, later becoming his main love interest and girlfriend. She is played by the actress Alexandra Daddario in the movie Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief, which is based off the first book, The Lightning Thief. Also played the same part in the movie \"\" The Sea of Monsters\"\", which is based off the novel \"\"Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Sea of Monsters\"\". ["
},
{
"docid": "D1975365#0",
"title": "http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/the-book-thief/section2.rhtml\nThe Book Thief",
"text": "Part Two<< Prev Section Page 1of 2Next Page >Summary Germans, Death declares, love to burn things. He points as evidence to the upcoming celebration of Hitler’s birthday, April 20, during which the residents of Molching will burn books by non-Aryan authors. Meanwhile, Liesel is becoming more accomplished in her reading and writing and is rewarded at Christmas with two books that Hans traded cigarettes for. Liesel continues helping Rosa deliver the washing, but with war becoming more of a reality, many of Rosa’s customers discontinue their patronage. Rosa decides to send Liesel on her own to pick up and deliver laundry, assuming the customers will be less likely to tell a young girl they can no longer afford to send out their washing. As an assignment for school, Liesel writes a letter to her mother, and begins waiting for a reply. The social worker who delivered Liesel to the Hubermanns arrives and informs Liesel that she has lost contact with Liesel’s mother, but Liesel continues to hope for a response to her letter. On the day of Hitler’s birthday, the town decorates the streets with German flags and Nazi swastikas. When the Hubermanns can’t find their flag, Rosa frets that the Nazis will come and take them away. But at last the flag is found in time for the parade."
},
{
"docid": "D1975364#0",
"title": "http://markreads.net/reviews/2011/03/mark-reads-the-book-thief-chapters-19-20/\nMark Reads âThe Book Thiefâ: Chapters 19-20",
"text": "Mark Reads ‘The Book Thief’: Chapters 19-20Posted on March 29, 2011 by Mark Oshiro In the nineteenth and twentieth chapters of The Book Thief, Liesel confronts her father about the Führer and steals her second book, both at a vicious and painful price. Intrigued? Then it’s time for Mark to read The Book Thief. CH 19: THE GATES OF THIEVERYLiesel is a largely a shy character, despite that she is so close to Hans Hubermann. Because of this, I suspected that she would choose to keep her revelation to herself, not just in the immediate future, but for a very long time. What I didn’t anticipate was the sheer terror of the realization shaking Liesel to the core, so much so that she would take a risk and confront her father about the damning epiphany she just had. I love that Death’s aside regarding Liesel’s realization is in the form of a mathematical addition:* * *A SMALL ADDITION * * *The word communist + a large bonfire + a collection of dead letters + the suffering of her mother + the death of her brother = the Führer. It’s a painful moment for Liesel, one that ties together seemingly random and senseless acts of grief and sadness to one person, one man and the ideals that he propagates. I have to keep reminding myself that Liesel is just eleven years old. Good fucking god."
}
] |
8397 | who is the greatest soccer player of all time | [
{
"docid": "D1775375#0",
"title": "http://www.askmen.com/top_10/entertainment/92_top_10_list.html\nTop 20: Soccer Players Of All Time",
"text": "\"Top 20: Soccer Players Of All Time Ask Men Editors Share Tweet 0Shares1 2 3 4 5 6Page 1 of 6It's far from easy to quantify the accomplishments of great players in any given sport. Who are the top 4 hockey players of all time: Wayne Gretzky, Bobby Orr, Mario Lemieux, Maurice Richard? How about gridiron football? Or baseball, which has so many greats. As a sport, soccer is more widespread than any game on the planet. There are so many national teams, and along with these teams come world-class players. These national sides participate in a variety of competitions such as the European Championship (Euro Cup), the Copa Sudamerica (South American Championship), and of course, the World Cup, which spans the entire globe. How does one compare a player's contribution to a given competition? And then face the difficult task of judging a player's impact in terms of club play; is a top-scoring title in one league worth more than another? With all of these different aspects to consider, selecting the 20 greatest soccer players of all time is a daunting task."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2605919#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinedine_Zidane\nZinedine Zidane",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Zidane\"\" redirects here. For other people named Zidane, see Zidane (name). Zinedine Zidane O. L. H., A. O. M. N. Zidane in 2017Personal information Full name Zinedine Yazid Zidane [1] [2]Date of birth 23 June 1972 (age 45) [1]Place of birth Marseille, France Height 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in)Playing position Attacking midfielder Club information Current team Real Madrid (manager)Youth career1981–1983 US Saint-Henri1983–1986 SO Septèmes-les-Vallons1986–1989 Cannes Senior career*Years Team Apps ( Gls)1989–1992 Cannes 61 (6)1992–1996 Bordeaux 139 (28)1996–2001 Juventus 151 (24)2001–2006 Real Madrid 155 (37)Total 506 (95)National team1988–1989 France U17 4 (1)1989–1990 France U18 6 (0)1990–1994 France U21 20 (3)1994–2006 France 108 (31)Teams managed2014–2016 Real Madrid Castilla2016– Real Madrid* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only Zinedine Yazid Zidane O. L. H., A. O. M. N. ( French pronunciation: [zinedin zidan], born 23 June 1972), nicknamed \"\" Zizou \"\", is a French retired professional footballer and current manager of Real Madrid. He played as an attacking midfielder for the France national team, Cannes, Bordeaux, Juventus and Real Madrid. [ 3] [4] An elite playmaker, renowned for his elegance, vision, ball control and technique, Zidane was named the best European footballer of the past 50 years in the UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll in 2004. [ 5] He is widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time. [ 6] [7] [8]At club level, Zidane won the La Liga title and the UEFA Champions League with Real Madrid, two Serie A league championships with Juventus and an Intercontinental Cup and a UEFA Super Cup with both teams. His 2001 transfer from Juventus to Real Madrid set a world record fee of €77.5 million. His left-foot volleyed winner in the 2002 UEFA Champions League Final is considered to be one of the greatest goals in the competition's history. On the international stage with France, Zidane won the 1998 FIFA World Cup, scoring twice in the final and being named to the All-Star Team, and the UEFA Euro 2000 where he was named Player of the Tournament."
},
{
"docid": "D2879428#0",
"title": "http://www.wonderslist.com/10-greatest-sport-events/\n10 Greatest Sport Events â Worldâs Major Sporting Events",
"text": "10 Greatest Sport Events – World’s Major Sporting Events Ejaz Khan 10 Comments From NBA to elegant FIFA, here is the list of top 10 greatest sport events. These are the world’s biggest events in sports. Our ranking reveals that FIFA World Cup is the biggest name in the events niche, gathering more people than any other in the list.10. National Basketball Association The National Basketball Association (NBA) is widely considered to be the premier men’s professional basketball league in the world. It is an active member of USA Basketball (USAB), which is recognized by FIBA as the national governing body for basketball in the United States. The NBA is one of the 4 major North American professional sports leagues. NBA players are the world’s best paid sportsmen, by average annual salary per player. The league was founded in New York City on June 6, 1946 as the Basketball Association of America (BAA). See also; Top 10 Greatest NBA Players of All Time.9. Formula One Racing Formula One is a truly global sport with many race tracks around the world all the way from Monaco to Singapore."
},
{
"docid": "D1371644#0",
"title": "http://www.goal.com/en/news/60/south-america/2010/10/21/2176031/70-facts-about-brazil-legend-pele\n70 facts about Brazil legend Pele",
"text": "\"70 facts about Brazil legend Pele Considered by many as the greatest player of all time, here are 70 things you may not know about the Brazil icon1. Pele scored a total of 1,283 first-class goals, including 77 for Brazil. 2. He won three World Cups, two World Club Championships and nine Sao Paulo State Championships. 3. Pele was named after American inventor Thomas Edison, his real name being Edson Arantes do Nascimiento. 4. Pele was signed by Santos when he was 15. He scored four goals on his league debut in a match against FC Corinthians on September 7, 1956. 5."
},
{
"docid": "D2567734#0",
"title": "http://www.sportyghost.com/top-10-richest-cricketers-world/\nList of Top 10 Richest Cricketers in the World",
"text": "Home Cricket List of Top 10 Richest Cricketers in the World Cricket international ipl Top 10List of Top 10 Richest Cricketers in the World By Sporty Desk 72035 35SHARE Facebook Twitter Updated: 04/1/16Nowadays Cricket has become one of the most watched and favorite game in the world. Particularly, this game is well-developed in the Indian subcontinent, Australia and England. If you love to play or watch cricket, you may want to know who are in the list of top 10 richest cricketers in the world. Let’s check below list to know about the top 10 richest cricketers. Also Read: Top 10 most paid basketball players in 2015Top 10 most earning soccer clubs in the world List of top 10 Richest Cricketers in the World: Let’s count down from 10 to 1. It will increase the excitement to know, who is the richest cricketer in the world 2015?10) Virat Kohlivirat kohli ; image credit www.livemint.com Net income: $15 million Country: India This middle order batsmen of ‘Indian National Cricket Team’ have set his name on the 10 th among the top 10 richest cricketers in the world. He is the most abrasive player in the India National Team, whose net income is about $15 million. He came into the spotlight when he had scored 90 runs against Karnataka to save the Delhi from follow on. Virat Kohli became the richest cricketer by gathering $7.1 million in his banks every year. The majority of his incomes comes from his games and endorsements with Nike, Toyota, and Pespsi Co. Also Read: Top 10 highest paid soccer managers in 2014-20159) Andrew Flintoff Andrew Flintoff ; image credit commons.wikimedia.org Net income: $15.6 million Country: England Andrew Flintoff is retired, but one of the richest cricketer in the world."
},
{
"docid": "D1042762#0",
"title": "http://www.thetoptens.com/soccer-football-players/diego-maradona-612.asp\nDiego Maradona",
"text": "\"Diego Maradona Uploaded by Spino Info Diego Armando Maradona is a retired Argentine professional footballer. He is known for \"\"The Goal of the Century\"\" and the \"\"Hand of God\"\" goal. Comments 8Top Maradona truly is on his own level of skill. People may argue that he wasn't a complete well rounded player like pele or cristiano ronaldo, but soccer is a sport that is more than just speed and strength this isn't track in field. What makes maradona so amazing is that no one else on the world can do what he can with a soccer ball. What zidane could do with a ball maradona could do with an orange. His mastery of the ball makes him the greatest soccer player of all time not only could he dribble past cristiano ronaldo or anyone else with disturbing ease but he could also distribute the ball with pinpoint accuracy. This means that not only could he carry a team on his back (unlike messi sadly) but he also makes his teammates play better he is a player that you cannot leave on the bench even injured. If you gave maradona's left leg to any player they would instantly get on this list. +25If I could take the skill/talent of any of those players for myself, I would pick Maradona's without hesitation."
},
{
"docid": "D1421474#0",
"title": "http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/sports-and-games/sports-biographies/mia-hamm\nMia Hamm",
"text": "\"Mia Hamm1972-American soccer player T he world's most famous female soccer player, Mia Hamm, embodied the rise of American soccer, a sport played by millions of girls and boys that lacked a celebrity focus and a role model until she emerged as the leading all-time goal scorer in international soccer competition. Hamm became the biggest soccer name in the United States while playing on the U. S. national team in three World Cups and two Olympics. Catching the Bug Mariel Margaret Hamm was the fourth of six children born into a military family. Her father, Will Hamm, was a colonel in the U. S. army, and the family frequently moved as he was reassigned – to California, Alabama, Virginia, Texas and elsewhere. Hamm's mother, Stephanie, was a dancer, and she nicknamed her daughter Mia after prima ballerina Mia Slavenska. But Mia rejected her mother's attempts to make her into a dancer. Hamm refused to continue after just two ballet lessons when she was about six years old. Hamm was already more interested in sports, especially soccer. When she was a toddler, her father was stationed in Florence, Italy. He bought season tickets to see the Fiorentina soccer club, and he often took Hamm to the games, where they both were mesmerized with the passion and athleticism of the players. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D1226983#0",
"title": "http://www.therichest.com/sports/the-top-10-highest-paid-soccer-players-in-the-world/\nThe Top 10 Highest Paid Soccer Players in the World",
"text": "The Top 10 Highest Paid Soccer Players in the World They play the beautiful game, and they get paid handsomely for it. They are some of the greatest players in the world, the guys that clubs are willing to pay through the roof because they can be the d Share Tweetby Sammy Said – on Jan 08th in Sports (old)They play the beautiful game, and they get paid handsomely for it. They are some of the greatest players in the world, the guys that clubs are willing to pay through the roof because they can be the difference in the search for glory. Here is a list of the top 10 highest paid soccer players based on basic wages. This means this is their pay before taxes. Endorsement money is not included. The figures are the actual amounts that the clubs are paying for their services.12 Samuel Eto’o, Anzhi Makhachkala - €20 million Advertising [x]Eto’o is a Cameroon national who also holds a Spanish passport. He plays for the big-spending Russian team Anzhi Makhachkala. He is the leading scorer in the history of the African Nations Cup with 18 goals. He has been African Player of the Year four times."
},
{
"docid": "D2651027#0",
"title": "http://maggiemaddy.weebly.com/sports.html\nSports",
"text": "\"Sports Background Info. There are many different sports in Spain. The top sports in Spain are soccer, bullfighting, basketball, tennis, golf, skiing, and Formula One race car driving. People in Spain just adore these 7 sports. Kids from all ages like to play these sports. They start at a young age so that they are prepared for when high school comes and it gets really competitive. Soccer - In Spain, soccer is known as futbol. The Spaniards consider soccer as a way of life. They eat, drink, and breathe soccer. La Liga is one of Spain's teams which is known as one of the best professional teams in the world."
},
{
"docid": "D1619774#0",
"title": "https://www.thetoptens.com/soccer-football-players/page6.asp\nBest Soccer (Football) Players of All Time",
"text": "\"Best Soccer (Football) Players of All Time The Top Ten1 Lionel Messi Lionel Andrés \"\"Leo\"\" Messi is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Spanish club Barcelona. He is also known as one of the greatest football players of all time. He was born in Rosario, Argentina on June 24th, 1987. No one is nowhere near him... Greatest player to play football... MESSI 10 +865He is the B E S T... Just amazing Wonderful crazy And he plays as someone play on a x-box or Play Station Go Messi go Totally incredible Out of word to say +627Best player ever better than cristiano he is amazing wonderful spectacular incredible crazy unbeatable +502He is both a goal and assist machine. He can shoot and he can also dominate the midfield. - joshsanz+80This little magician is the best. No one can compare to him. G. O. A. T - Ehhh Barcanew V 1799 Comments Vote E2 Pele (Edson Arantes do Nascimento)Edson Arantes do Nascimento, known as Pelé, is a retired Brazilian professional footballer who played as a forward. I think the best footballer of soccer is pele. He is the could be said as the king of football he is the number 1 player in the world of football."
},
{
"docid": "D3419505#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landon_Donovan\nLandon Donovan",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Landon Donovan Donovan playing for the LA Galaxy in 2010Personal information Full name Landon Timothy Donovan [1]Date of birth March 4, 1982 (age 36)Place of birth Ontario, California, United States Height 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) [2]Playing position Winger, Forward Club information Current team Club León Number 20Youth career1999 IMG Academy Senior career*Years Team Apps ( Gls)1999–2000 Bayer Leverkusen II 28 (9)2000–2005 Bayer Leverkusen 7 (0)2001–2004 → San Jose Earthquakes (loan) 87 (32)2005–2014 LA Galaxy 253 (113)2009 → Bayern Munich (loan) 6 (0)2010 → Everton (loan) 10 (2)2012 → Everton (loan) 7 (0)2016 LA Galaxy 6 (1)2018– León 5 (0)National team1998–1999 United States U17 41 (35)2001 United States U20 4 (0)2000–2004 United States U23 15 (9)2000–2014 United States 157 (57)Honours [show]* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of April 2, 2018Landon Timothy Donovan (born March 4, 1982) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a forward and attacking midfielder for Liga MX side Club León. He holds numerous individual records in Major League Soccer (MLS) and for the United States national team and is regarded as the greatest American men's soccer player of all time. [ 3] [4] [5]A native of Southern California, Donovan was a member of the inaugural class of the U. S. Soccer youth residency program in Bradenton, Florida. He was named Player of the Tournament for his role in the United States under-17 squad that finished fourth in the 1999 FIFA U-17 World Championship before signing with German club Bayer Leverkusen later that year. In 2005, after six years with Leverkusen, the majority of which were spent on loan with the San Jose Earthquakes of MLS, Donovan moved back to the United States permanently to sign with the Los Angeles Galaxy. He later returned to Germany for a loan with Bayern Munich, and twice went on short loans to English Premier League club Everton in 2010 and 2012. He retired as a player in 2014, but made a brief comeback with LA Galaxy late in the 2016 season and then in 2018 to play for Club León. In MLS, Donovan won a record six MLS Cups and is both the league's all-time top scorer with 145 goals and the league's all-time assists leader with 136. [ 6] The Major League Soccer MVP Award has been renamed the Landon Donovan MVP Award in his honor. [ 7] [8]For the United States men's national team, Donovan is the all-time leader in assists and tied with Clint Dempsey as all-time leader in scoring, and is the second-most- capped player of his country. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2155093#0",
"title": "http://insidefoos.com/hall-of-fame\nHall of Fame",
"text": "\"Hall of Fame Foosball Hall of Fame2011 Hall of Famers Inducted in Las Vegas ceremony From left to right: Mike Belz, John Smith and Kathy Brainard Hall of Fame The Table Soccer Hall of Fame Founded by Johnny Lott in 1986, the Table Soccer Hall of Fame offers modern day foosers the chance to look back and remember the players and influential people who have helped make the sport of foosball what it is today. Each year at the season opening event in Las Vegas, the newest Hall of Fame members are introduced in a formal ceremony hosted by Induction Committee Chairman Jim Stevens (pictured). Hall of Fame Read more TINA WYATT inducted 2010Hall of Fame Read more DIETER THIELE Inducted 2005Germany's Dieter Thiele was the first european player to make a big impact in America with top 3 finishes at the Tornado World Championships. Hall of Fame Read more BILLY SUMPTION inducted 1986This South Dakota foosball legend first played foosball in 1961. He was one of the game's earliest stars, teaming with partner Tom Hansen to dominate competition in the early 1970s. Sumption, who still loves to teach the game, was the mentor to such upper midwest greats as Jim Wiswell, Mike Belz and Brent Bednar. Hall of Fame Read more MARCIO BONILLA inducted 1986A native of Costa Rica, Marcio first played the game more than half a century ago, in 1949. He won the 1972 national singles title and paired with Larry Folk to earn a doubles victory at the 1973 event. Bonilla was also an original member of the Tournament Soccer promo team touring the country from 1974-77 promoting the sport of foosball and was condidered one of the sport's truly nice guys. Hall of Fame TERRY MOORE inducted 2008Considered one of the true greats of the game, Moore began his pro career in the early 1990s and went on to win more than 50 individual titles during that decade."
},
{
"docid": "D505072#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football_positions\nAssociation football positions",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For typical field formations, see Formation (association football). GKSWRBCBLBRWBLWBDMRMCMLMAMRWSSLWCFThe most common positions used in association football. Teams must always have a goalkeeper, but the remaining 10 players may be arranged in any combination. In the sport of association football, each of the 11 players on a team is assigned to a particular position on the field of play. A team is made up of one goalkeeper and ten outfield players who fill various defensive, midfield, and attacking positions depending on the formation deployed. These positions describe both the player's main role and their area of operation on the pitch. In the early development of the game, formations were much more offensively aggressive, with the 1–2–7 being prominent in the late 1800s. [ 1] In the latter part of the 19th century, the 2–3–5 formation became widely used and the position names became more refined to reflect this. In defence, there were full-backs, known as the left-back and right-back; in midfield, left-half, centre-half and right-half; and for the forward line there were outside-left (or left wing), inside-left, centre-forward, inside-right and outside-right (or right wing). As the game has evolved, tactics and team formations have changed and so many of the names of the positions have changed to reflect their duties in the modern game (though some old familiar ones remain). ["
},
{
"docid": "D2104044#0",
"title": "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/14/soccer-worlds-best-sport_n_5248061.html\nWake Up, America: Hereâs Why Soccer Is The Worldâs Best Sport",
"text": "SPORTS 05/14/2014 02:40 pm ET Updated May 14, 2014Wake Up, America: Here’s Why Soccer Is The World’s Best Sport By Gabriela Kruschewsky I know, I know. You’re probably either cringing at the use of “soccer” instead of football, or wondering how a sport that sometimes ends in 0-0 ties and isn’t regularly broken up by beer commercials could possibly be the best in the world. But let’s put all that aside for a minute and talk about why this game — whatever you want to call it — is hands down, without question, the greatest sport that ever was.1. First off, it’s a global sport. Phillipe Lopez via Getty Images Soccer is the sport played most consistently around the world. It’s not sectioned off or dominated by one particular country. According to FIFA’s most recent Big Count survey, there are 265 million players actively involved in soccer around the world, roughly about 4 percent of the world’s population. Sports like American football, on the other hand, are predominantly played and watched in only one country.2. And the rules are pretty damn simple. Goldmund Lukic via Getty Images Give or take a few offsides, corner kicks and yellow versus red card rules, it’s just about getting the ball into the net without using your hands."
},
{
"docid": "D628241#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Messi\nLionel Messi",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Messi\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Messi (disambiguation). This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Messi and the second or maternal family name is Cuccittini. Lionel Messi Messi with Barcelona in 2015Personal information Full name Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini [1]Date of birth 24 June 1987 (age 30)Place of birth Rosario, Argentina Height 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) [2]Playing position Forward Club information Current team Barcelona Number 10Youth career1994–2000 Newell's Old Boys2001–2004 Barcelona Senior career*Years Team Apps ( Gls)2003–2004 Barcelona C 10 (5)2004–2005 Barcelona B 22 (6)2004– Barcelona 412 (378)National team ‡2004–2005 Argentina U20 18 (14)2008 Argentina U23 5 (2)2005– Argentina 123 (61)Honours [show]* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 7 April 2018 ‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 11 November 2017This article is part of a series about Lionel Messi Argentine professional footballer International goals Career achievements Comparisons to Cristiano Ronaldo Films Messi (2014) Messi (2017)v t e Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini [note 1] ( Spanish pronunciation: [ljoˈnel anˈdɾez ˈmesi] ( listen); [A] born 24 June 1987) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Spanish club Barcelona and the Argentina national team. Often considered the best player in the world and regarded by many as the greatest of all time, [5] Messi has a record-tying five Ballon d'Or awards, [note 2] four of which he won consecutively, and a record-tying four European Golden Shoes. He has spent his entire professional career with Barcelona, where he has won 30 trophies, including eight La Liga titles, four UEFA Champions League titles, and five Copas del Rey. Both a prolific goalscorer and a creative playmaker, Messi holds the records for most official goals scored in La Liga (378), a La Liga season (50), a club football season in Europe (73), a calendar year (91), El Clásico (25), as well as those for most assists in La Liga (149) and the Copa América (11). He has scored over 600 senior career goals for club and country. Born and raised in central Argentina, Messi was diagnosed with a growth hormone deficiency as a child. At age 13, he relocated to Spain to join Barcelona, who agreed to pay for his medical treatment."
},
{
"docid": "D1111849#0",
"title": "http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/06/women-and-sports-world-cup-soccer/395231/\nWhy Aren't Women's Sports as Big as Men's? Your Thoughts",
"text": "\"Why Aren't Women's Sports as Big as Men's? Your Thoughts U. S. fans hold up images of goalkeeper Hope Solo, midfielder Megan Rapinoe, defender Beckey Sauerbrunn, and forward Christen Press before a Group D soccer match against Australia in the 2015 women's World Cup at Winnipeg Stadium on June 8. USA TODAY Sports Images Chris Bodenner Jun 9, 2015 Culture Share Tweet…Linked In Email Print Text Size Like The Atlantic? Subscribe to The Atlantic Daily, our free weekday email newsletter. With the women’s World Cup in full swing this week, The Atlantic has two pieces examining the differences that female soccer players face compared to their male counterparts. Arguing that soccer is a “ feminist issue ,” Maggie Mertens is frustrated that female players don’t get much attention from the mainstream media and feminist activists alike. Gwendolyn Oxenham, a former pro, hones in on the “unequal fortunes” of Brazilian superstars Neymar, a man who makes $15 million a year, and Marta, a woman struggling to even find a team without it folding soon after. Mertens’s piece was the most contentious among Atlantic commenters. A key passage: The thinking goes that if women’s sports were worthy of more coverage, they would receive it. But as [Perdue professor Cheryl Cooky] points out, a lot of our perceptions of how interesting women’s sports are come from the media itself. “"
},
{
"docid": "D3285753#0",
"title": "http://www.wbur.org/cognoscenti/2013/08/29/tennis-is-the-best-garry-emmons\nWhat Sport Has The Best All-Around Athletes?",
"text": "\"Sports What Sport Has The Best All-Around Athletes? Thu, Aug 29, 2013 by Garry Emmons 189PRINTEMAILFor Garry Emmons, it's men’s singles tennis. Hands down. Photos, left to right: Rafael Nadal, of Spain; Novak Djokovic, of Serbia; Lukas Lacko, of Slovakia; and Roger Federer, of Switzerland. ( AP)For sports fans, this is a special time of year, our magic hour. Baseball’s pennant and wild-card races are heating up. The NFL and college football seasons are kicking off. Basketball and hockey are just over the horizon. Almost as much fun as watching sports is arguing about them. In that amicably contentious spirit, here’s a question: What sport, at its elite level, offers the most demanding all-around test for an athlete?"
},
{
"docid": "D2693803#0",
"title": "http://www.firsttouchgames.com/w/?page_id=1256\nDREAM LEAGUE SOCCER",
"text": "DREAM LEAGUE SOCCERDream League Soccer is here, and it’s better than ever! Soccer as we know it has changed, and this is YOUR chance to build THE best team on the planet. Recruit real FIFPro™ licensed superstars, build your own stadium, and take on the World with Dream League Online as you march towards glory, on your road to Soccer Stardom!Download Dream League Soccer for FREE now! ***************************************** MANAGE YOUR DREAM TEAM Sign top superstar players such as Gareth Bale and Andrés Iniesta to create your very own Dream Team! Choose your formation, perfect your style and take on any team who stands in your way as you rise through 6 Leagues to top the prestigious Elite Division. Have you got what it takes? REALISTIC NEW GAMEPLAY Be prepared for smart, tactical AI to form a challenging and addictive experience. With all new visuals, realistic animations and 60fps dynamic gameplay (compatible devices only), Dream League Soccer 2016 is the perfect Soccer package which captures the true essence of the beautiful game. GO GLOBAL Dream League Online puts your Dream Team against the very best in the world. Work your way through the ranks to prove your team is the greatest!FEATURES * FIFPro™ licensed players brings the most authentic Dream League Soccer experience to your hands! *"
},
{
"docid": "D2842660#0",
"title": "http://sporteology.com/top-10-la-liga-highest-goal-scorers-all-time/\nTop 10 La Liga Highest Goal Scorers of All Time",
"text": "Top 10 La Liga Highest Goal Scorers of All Time Posted By: Bill Russell | January 7, 2018Since the establishment of La Liga in 1929, the world has seen some amazing football performances. This Spanish division has fans and players from all across the globe, because of the amazing displays. The world class players score great goals, which stay in the memories of the fans for years. And starting from 2004, Lionel Messi has scored 364 Goals in 399 La Liga matches, and his journey not stopped yet. His goal scoring ability is improving with every game, and at the moment he is also the all-time top scorer of FC Barcelona. David Villa and Cristiano Ronaldo are the two other active players who made their presence in the La Liga highest goal scorers. Please refer to this article for La Liga Top Scorers 2017Table of Contents Top 10 La Liga highest goal scorers of all-time11. Carlos Santillana – 186 (Special mention)10. Edmundo Suárez – 1959. Pahiño – 2108."
},
{
"docid": "D1314474#0",
"title": "https://heavy.com/news/2012/08/carli-lloyd-top-10-facts-you-need-to-know-about-americas-new-olympic-hero/\nCarli Lloyd: Top 10 Facts You Need to Know about Americaâs New Olympic Hero",
"text": "Carli Lloyd: Top 10 Facts You Need to Know about America’s New Olympic Hero0 Shares 0 Comments By Eitan Levine Aug 9, 2012 at 5:27pm Carli Lloyd might just be the hero of the U. S. Olympic campaign in the London Games. Her two-goal performance in the victorious gold-medal game will go down as one of the greatest single efforts by an American Olympian in any sport. But who is Carli Lloyd? How did she get to where she is now? Here are the top 10 things you need to know about America’s newest hero, Carli Lloyd.1. She’s BEYOND Clutch Carli’s 2-goal-game wasn’t the first time she dominated play under pressure. In the 2008 Beijing Olympics she scored the game-winning goal versus Brazil in the gold medal game. Add that to the GWG she notched today and you’ve got a recipe for the most clutch female soccer in history. She is the Daddy Warbucks of Women’s soccer … ’cause she brings home all the gold.2. She’s a Jersey Girl JERSEY PRIDE!"
},
{
"docid": "D546116#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_International_Soccer\nFIFA International Soccer",
"text": "\"FIFA International Soccer European box art featuring David Platt and Piotr Świerczewski Developer (s) Extended Play Productions Publisher (s) EA Sports Series FIFAPlatform (s) 3DO, Commodore Amiga, MS-DOS, Game Boy, Sega Game Gear, Sega Genesis, Sega CD, Sega Master System, Super Nintendo Entertainment System Release December 1993Genre (s) Sports video game Mode (s) Single-player, multiplayer FIFA International Soccer is a 1993 sports video game developed by EA Canada's Extended Play Productions team and published by Electronic Arts. Based on the sport of association football, the game tasks the player with controlling a football team. The game was released for the Sega Genesis/Mega Drive console in December 1993 and ported to numerous other systems in 1994. The game was positively received on release; critics lauded the detail and animation of the footballers in the game, the crowd sound effects and the overall presentation. The speed the game ran at and issues with the response to the player's input were seen as the game's primary faults. The game sold well, served as a pack-in game for the Goldstar 3DO, [1] and led to a sequel, FIFA Soccer 95. It was the first game in the FIFA series. Contents [ hide ]1 Gameplay2 Development3 Reception3.1 Sales3.2 Critical4 Legacy5 References Gameplay [ edit]Example of FIFA International Soccer gameplay, showing the isometric viewpoint, the way the view moves to keep the ball on screen and footballer animation. FIFA International Soccer is a video game that created one of the earliest full simulations of association football. In particular, the game is based on international matches."
}
] |
8403 | who made the esquire station wagon? | [
{
"docid": "D1839587#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Country_Squire\nFord Country Squire",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( December 2015) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ford Country Squire1982 Ford LTD Country Squire Overview Manufacturer Ford Also called Ford LTD Country Squire Model years 1950-1991Body and chassis Class Full-size station wagon Body style 2-door station wagon 4-door station wagon Related Ford Crown Victoria Chronology Predecessor 1948 Ford station wagon The Ford Country Squire (later the Ford LTD Country Squire) is a line of full-size station wagons that was assembled and marketed by Ford Motor Company from the 1950 to 1991 model years. Sold only as part of the full-size product range, the Country Squire was marketed as the premium station wagon of the Ford division, distinguished by its wood-grain body trim. As of the 2017 model year, the Country Squire remains the third-longest used car nameplate by Ford in North America (41 years), behind only the Thunderbird (46 years) and Mustang (53 years, in production). As part of the full-size Ford model line, the Ford Country Squire would be paired with several Ford models over its production run. During its first two generations, the Country Squire was based upon the Ford Custom Deluxe (and the Ford Crestline that replaced it). From 1955 to 1968, station wagons were a separate model line from Ford sedans, though the Country Squire shared its interior trim with the Fairlane (and the Ford Galaxie that replaced it). For 1969, as station wagons were consolidated with Ford sedans, the Country Squire became part of the Ford LTD model line."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D269188#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freight_rail_transport\nRail freight transport",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Freight rail transport)navigation search\"\"Freight train\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Freight train (disambiguation). A Class 92 hauled container freight train on the West Coast Main Line, United Kingdom A long grain train of the Union Pacific Railroad crossing a bridge in Washington state, United States A typical U. S. classification yard in Denver, Colorado. Intermodal terminal is on the right. Freight train in Russia, Rostov Oblast Old type of steam hauled freight train in 1964Rail freight transport is the use of railroads and trains to transport cargo as opposed to human passengers. A freight train or goods train is a group of freight cars (US) or goods wagons ( International Union of Railways) hauled by one or more locomotives on a railway, transporting cargo all or some of the way between the shipper and the intended destination as part of the logistics chain. Trains may haul bulk material, intermodal containers, general freight or specialized freight in purpose-designed cars. [ 1] Rail freight practices and economics vary by country and region. When considered in terms of ton-miles or tonne-kilometers hauled per unit of energy consumed, rail transport can be more efficient than other means of transportation. Maximum economies are typically realized with bulk commodities (e.g., coal ), especially when hauled over long distances."
},
{
"docid": "D2307709#0",
"title": "http://www.conceptcarz.com/vehicle/z12595/Toyota-Camry-Hybrid.aspx\n.",
"text": "Camry Overview Gallery Specifications Image credits: © Toyota.2007 Toyota Camry Hybrid Toyota's First North American Hybrid Production Begins in Kentucky Camry Hybrid Rolls off the Assembly Line in Georgetown October 12, 2006 – Georgetown, KY - Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky, Inc. (TMMK) celebrated the production launch of the Camry Hybrid today – Toyota's first hybrid vehicle produced in North America. The addition of hybrid production represents a $10 million investment at TMMK, which will build approximately 48,000 Camry Hybrid vehicles per year. TMMK was established in 1986 and is Toyota's largest plant in North America. It employs approximately 7,000 team members and currently builds the Camry, Avalon and Solara. The plant has the capacity to build 500,000 vehicles annually. Since its inception, TMMK has built about 6.7 million vehicles, and the plant's current investment is $5.4 billion. ' We are proud, excited and honored to be Toyota's first plant in North America to build a hybrid vehicle,' said Steve St. Angelo, President of TMMK. ' It's a great tribute to the tremendous ability and skill level of all of our team members, who have been building the Camry, America's number one selling sedan. ( concept carz)' 'America's hybrid leader now sells a Camry hybrid made in America,' said Don Esmond, Toyota Motor Sales senior vice president, Automotive Operations. ' Production at the new Kentucky plant marks an exciting chapter in Toyota's history and a monumental step toward our ongoing commitment to hybrid technology.'"
},
{
"docid": "D2772434#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_S-Series\nSaturn S-Series",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Saturn S-Series Overview Manufacturer Saturn Corporation Production 1991–2002Assembly United States: Spring Hill, Tennessee ( Spring Hill Manufacturing)Body and chassis Class Compact car Layout Transverse front-engine, front-wheel drive Platform GM Z platform Chronology Successor Saturn IONThe Saturn S-Series was a family of compact cars from the Saturnautomobile company of General Motors. This was the first series of Saturn vehicles. The automobile platform, the Z-body, was developed entirely in-house at Saturn, and it shared very little with the rest of the General Motors model line. It implemented a spaceframe design, which had been used on some Pontiacs during the 1980s. This meant that the side panels did not carry load and could be made of plastic instead of metal. These polymer panels were dent-resistant, something that remained a selling point for Saturn until just a few years before the Saturn brand was discontinued. The S-series was sold from the fall of 1990 for the 1991 model year through the end of the 2002 model year. Significant design updates were made in 1995, 1996, and 2000 for all cars, and the SC coupes were redesigned significantly in 1997. Nearly every year of the S-Series' existence brought at least some minor changes to the architecture of the car. The S-series debuted with SL, SL1, and SL2 sedan models and the SC coupe model in 1990 for the 1991 model year."
},
{
"docid": "D2334072#0",
"title": "http://www.santafetrailresearch.com/mileagecharts/sft-cimarron-cut-off.html\n.",
"text": "\"State of Kansas Kansas was granted statehood in 1861, becoming the 34th state in the US. Now with a population of nearly 3,000,000, Kansas is known as the Sunflower State, Wheat State, and the Jayhawker State. Find these and other interesting facts about Kansas here. The Santa Fe Trail cuts across Kansas on it way to Santa Fe, New Mexico. US 56 & US 50 highways in Kansas follow the Trail through the State. Historic Adobe Museum Located in Ulysses, Kansas the adobe building in which the museum is housed is interesting in itself. It was built in 1938 as a county shop. This museum also houses a great Santa Fe Trail display, also a well stocked book store. Wagon Bed Spring Chapter Auto Tour Middle (Cimarron) Crossings The Middle Crossings of the Arkansas River to the Cimarron River extended from the Caches site, about 2 miles west of Dodge City, to as far as Charleston, 26 miles farther west. No crossings are visible today because of sandy soils and frequent floods."
},
{
"docid": "D365179#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trunk_(car)\nTrunk (car)",
"text": "\"Trunk (car)From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Boot (car)\"\" and \"\"Boot (vehicle)\"\" redirect here. For the parking enforcement device, see Wheel clamp. Early automobiles had provision for an external trunk mounting as on a 1931 Ford Model A, in addition to the rumble seat The open trunk in the rear of a Porsche Boxster The trunk ( North American English ), boot ( British English) or compartment ( South-East Asia) of a car is the vehicle's main storage compartment. Contents [ hide ]1 Designs2 Openings2.1 Door2.2 Lid2.3 Design history2.4 Locks3 Etymology4 Classification5 Safety5.1 Active safety by luggage retention5.2 Passive safety by luggage retention5.3 Barrier nets/grids5.4 Inside trunk release5.5 Riding in the trunk6 Additional functions7 See also8 References9 External links Designs [ edit]A trunk in the rear will often contain a spare tire Front storage compartment on a Volkswagen Beetle An open trunk lid on a 1955 Hudson Rambler The trunk or luggage compartment is most often located at the rear of the vehicle. Early designs included an exterior rack mounted on the rear of the vehicle to which it was possible to attach a real luggage trunk. [ 1] Later designs integrated the storage area into the vehicle's body and evolved to provide a streamlined appearance. [ 2] [3] The main storage compartment is normally provided at the end of the vehicle opposite to which the engine is located. Some mid-engined or electric cars have luggage compartments both in the front and in the rear of the vehicle. [ 4] Examples include the Volkswagen Type 3, Porsche 914, Porsche Boxster, Toyota MR2, and Tesla Model S. (Tesla calls their front trunk a \"\"frunk\"\". [ 5]) The mid-engined Fiat X1/9 also has two storage compartments, although the rear one is small, easily accessible, and practically cuboid in shape. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1666496#0",
"title": "http://www.foodtimeline.org/foodpioneer.html\n.",
"text": "\"Food Timeline library Food Timeline FAQs: 19th century American foodways ..... Have questions? Ask!Popular New England middle class recipes Frontier American foodways Lewis & Clark's provisions & recipes Wagon train cookery California Gold Rush fare Pony Express rider meals Slave subsistence Civil War-era foodways Cowboy cooking Old West saloon menus Klondike gold rush Independence day celebrations Victorian dining Industrial Age America Pioneer beverages Pioneer candy Popular food brands, 1880s19th century American prices Thanksgiving menus Christmas tables New Year's celebrations Frontier American foodways Early frontier cooking was greatly influenced by place and season. Indigenous plants and animals supplied much of the food. Think: Buffalo & squirrel . Other provisions (flour, dried beans, coffee, sugar, etc.) were stocked at points of origin and resupplied along the way. The first pioneers in most places ate by campfires. By necessity, foods were cooked by very simple methods. Dutch ovens, frying pans, boiling pots, and roasting spits were typically employed. As settlements grew, so did the range of cuisine."
},
{
"docid": "D3326617#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nash_Rambler\nNash Rambler",
"text": "\"Nash Rambler1952 Nash Rambler Custom station wagon Overview Manufacturer Nash Motors (1950–1954)American Motors (1954–1955)Production 1950–55Assembly United States: El Segundo, California [1]Canada: Danforth Ave (Toronto, Ontario) Plant (1956)Designer Meade Moore (chief engineer)Theodore Ulrich (body & styling)Body and chassis Class Compact Layout FR layout Chronology Successor Rambler American The Nash Rambler is a North American automobile that was produced by the Nash Motors division of Nash-Kelvinator Corporation from 1950 to 1954. On May 1, 1954, Nash-Kelvinator merged with the Hudson Motor Car Company to form American Motors Corporation (AMC). The Nash Rambler was then built by AMC in Kenosha, Wisconsin through 1955. The Nash Rambler established a new segment in the automobile market and is widely acknowledged to be the first successful modern American compact car. [ 2] [3] [4]The 1950–1955 Nash Rambler was the first model run for this automobile platform. Using the same tooling, AMC reintroduced an almost identical \"\"new\"\" 1958 Rambler American for a second model run. This was a rare feat of having two distinct and successful model runs, an almost unheard of phenomenon in automobile history. [ 5]Contents [ hide ]1 Development2 Model years2.1 19502.2 19512.3 19522.4 19532.5 19542.6 19553 Motorsports4 Replacement5 Nash Rambler Palm Beach6 Revival7 Epilogue8 Notes9 References10 External links Development [ edit]Nash-Kelvinator's President George W. Mason saw that the company needed to compete more effectively and insisted a new car had to be different from the existing models in the market offered by the \"\" Big Three \"\" U. S. automakers. The Rambler was designed to be smaller than contemporary cars, yet still accommodate five passengers comfortably. Nash engineers had originally penned the styling during World War II. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2233291#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train\nTrain",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the rail vehicle. For the American rock band, see Train (band). For the act of teaching or developing skills or knowledge, see Training. For other uses, see Train (disambiguation). A BNSF intermodal freight train passes through Wisconsin, United States Part of a series on Rail transport Operations Track Maintenance High-speed railways Track gauge Stations Trains Locomotives Rolling stock Companies History Attractions Terminology ( AU, NA, NZ, UK) By country Accidents Railway couplings Couplers by country Coupler conversion Track gauge Variable gauge Gauge conversion Dual gauge Wheelset Bogie (truck) Dual coupling Rail subsidies Modellingv t e A train is a form of rail transport consisting of a series of connected vehicles that generally runs along a rail track to transport cargo or passengers. Motive power is provided by a separate locomotive or individual motors in self-propelled multiple unit. Although historically steam propulsion dominated, the most common modern forms are diesel and electric locomotives, the latter supplied by overhead wires or additional rails. Other energy sources include horses, engine or water-driven rope or wire winch, gravity, pneumatics, gas turbines and batteries. Train tracks usually consist of two running rails, sometimes supplemented by additional rails such as electric conducting rails and rack rails, with a limited number of monorails and maglev guideways in the mix. [ 1]There are various types of trains that are designed for particular purposes."
},
{
"docid": "D2352655#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Station_wagon\nStation wagon",
"text": "\"\"\"Combi (car style)\"\" and \"\"Kombi (car style)\"\" redirect here. For other uses, see Kombi.1964–1967 Buick Sport Wagon Peugeot 508 RXH, a modern hybrid SWA station wagon, also called an estate car, estate wagon, or simply wagon or estate, is an automotive body-style variant of a sedan/saloon with its roof extended rearward [1] over a shared passenger/cargo volume with access at the back via a third or fifth door (the liftgate or tailgate ), instead of a trunk/boot lid. The body style transforms a standard three-box design into a two-box design — to include an A, B, and C-pillar, as well as a D-pillar. Station wagons can flexibly reconfigure their interior volume via fold-down rear seats to prioritize either passenger or cargo volume. The American Heritage Dictionary defines a station wagon as \"\"an automobile with one or more rows of folding or removable seats behind the driver and no luggage compartment but an area behind the seats into which suitcases, parcels, etc., can be loaded through a tailgate.\"\" [ 2]When a model range includes multiple body styles, such as sedan, hatchback and station wagon, the models typically share their platform, drivetrain and bodywork forward of the A-pillar. In 1969, Popular Mechanics said, \"\"Station wagon-style ... follows that of the production sedan of which it is the counterpart. Most are on the same wheelbase, offer the same transmission and engine options, and the same comfort and convenience options.\"\" [ 3]Station wagons have evolved from their early use as specialized vehicles to carry people and luggage to and from a train station, and have been marketed worldwide."
},
{
"docid": "D3287331#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_train\nRail freight transport",
"text": "\"Rail freight transport From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Coal train)navigation search\"\"Freight train\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Freight train (disambiguation). A Class 92 hauled container freight train on the West Coast Main Line, United Kingdom A long grain train of the Union Pacific Railroad crossing a bridge in Washington state, United States A typical U. S. classification yard in Denver, Colorado. Intermodal terminal is on the right. Freight train in Russia, Rostov Oblast Old type of steam hauled freight train in 1964Rail freight transport is the use of railroads and trains to transport cargo as opposed to human passengers. A freight train or goods train is a group of freight cars (US) or goods wagons ( International Union of Railways) hauled by one or more locomotives on a railway, transporting cargo all or some of the way between the shipper and the intended destination as part of the logistics chain. Trains may haul bulk material, intermodal containers, general freight or specialized freight in purpose-designed cars. [ 1] Rail freight practices and economics vary by country and region. When considered in terms of ton-miles or tonne-kilometers hauled per unit of energy consumed, rail transport can be more efficient than other means of transportation. Maximum economies are typically realized with bulk commodities (e.g., coal ), especially when hauled over long distances."
},
{
"docid": "D2577915#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peugeot_206\nPeugeot 206",
"text": "\"Peugeot 206Overview Manufacturer Peugeot Also called Peugeot 206+ (Europe) Peugeot 207 Compact (Latin America) Citroën C2 (China) Naza 206 Bestari (Malaysia) Peugeot 207i New (iran)Production May 1998–December 2012 (France) July 1998–December 2006 (UK) 2006–2015 (China) 2003–2006 (Indonesia) 1998–2004 (Chile) April 2001–December 2014 (Brazil) July 1999–December 2016 (Argentina) April 2001– (Iran) Total: ± 10,000,000 units (2017) Source: generation206Assembly France: Mulhouse ( Mulhouse Plant) France: Poissy ( Poissy Plant) Argentina: Buenos Aires ( PSA Argentina) Brazil: Porto Real ( PSA Brazil) Chile: Los Andes ( PSA Chile) China: Wuhan ( DPCA) Indonesia: Jakarta (Gaya Motor) Iran: Tehran ( Iran Khodro) Malaysia: Gurun ( NAM) United Kingdom: Ryton ( Ryton Plant) Uruguay: Barra de Carrasco (Oferol)Designer Gérard Welter (206) [nb 1]Murat Günak (206 CC)Body and chassis Class Supermini ( B)Body style 3/5-door hatchback 2-door coupé cabriolet 4-door sedan 5-door station wagon Layout Front-engine, front-wheel-drive Related Citroën C2Citroën C3Peugeot 1007IKCO Runna Powertrain Engine 1.0 L D4D I4 ( petrol) 1.1 L TU1JP I4 ( petrol) 1.4 L TU3JP I4 ( petrol) 1.4 L ET3J4 I4 ( petrol) 1.4 L TU3JP I4 ( petrol) 1.4 L TU3A I4 ( petrol) 1.6 L TU5JP I4 ( petrol) 1.6 L TU5JP4 I4 ( petrol) 2.0 L EW10J4 I4 ( petrol) 2.0 L EW10J4S I4 ( petrol) 1.4 L DV4 HDi I4 I4 ( diesel) 1.6 L DV6 HDi I4 ( diesel) 1.9 L DW8 I4 ( diesel) 2.0 L DW10 I4 ( diesel)Transmission 5-speed automatic or manual 6-speed manual (motorsport only and default in IRAN)Dimensions Wheelbase 2,442 mm (96.1 in)Length 3,835 mm (151.0 in) (hatchback) 4,000 mm (157.5 in) (coupé cabriolet) 4,188 mm (164.9 in) (sedan, Europe) [2] 4,235 mm (166.7 in) (sedan, South America) [3] 4,028 mm (158.6 in) (station wagon)Width 1,652 mm (65.0 in) (hatchback) 1,652 mm (65.0 in) (coupé cabriolet) 1,655 mm (65.2 in) (sedan) 1,652 mm (65.0 in) (station wagon)Height 1,428 mm (56.2 in) (hatchback) 1,373 mm (54.1 in) (coupé cabriolet) 1,456 mm (57.3 in) (sedan) 1,460 mm (57.5 in) (station wagon)Kerb weight 950–1,145 kg (2,094–2,524 lb)Chronology Predecessor Peugeot 205Successor Peugeot 207The Peugeot 206 is a supermini car that is produced by the French manufacturer Peugeot from May 1998 to the present day; the 206 models are still in production in Iran by Iran Khodro. It was officially launched in September 1998 [4] in hatchback form, which was followed by a coupé cabriolet (the 206 CC) in September 2000, [5] a station wagon (the 206 SW) in September 2001, [6] and a sedan version (the 206 SD) in September 2005. [ 7]In November 2006, the Chinese joint venture Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën launched a derivative version of the Peugeot 206 known as the Citroën C2, but not technically related with the European-market model. [ 8]Its facelifted version was initially launched in South America in September 2008, [9] and in China in November 2008, [10] in hatchback, sedan and station wagon [nb 2] body styles, [9] and known as the 207 Compact, [9] and as the 207 respectively. [ 10] This version was subsequently launched in Europe in February 2009, [11] only in hatchback form and marketed as the 206+. [ 11]Even though the 206 had finished production in most markets by 2010, in Europe it was available as the 206+, with front and rear styling that resembles the Peugeot 207, until 2013, whereas in South America [nb 3] it continued to be offered under the 207 Compact nameplate, until January 2017. [ 14] and furthermore in China, both under the 207 nameplate and as the Citroën C2. [ 15]The 206 is the best selling Peugeot model of all time with 8,358,217 cars sold in 2012. [ 16] Until 2016, the Peugeot 206 is still in the top 10 of used car sales in the UK comparing to the others new models of other brands. [ 17]Contents [ hide ]1 Overview1.1 Project1.2 Powertrain1.3 Production and marketing2 Variants2.1 206 CC (Coupé Cabriolet)2.2 GTi180 and RC2.3 206 SD (Sedan)2.4 206 Escapade2.5 Citroën C22.6 Naza 206 Bestari3 Engines3.1 Petrol engines3.2 Diesel engines4 Safety5 206+ (2009–2013)6 Motorsport7 Advertising8 Awards9 See also10 Notes11 References12 External links Overview [ edit]Project [ edit]1998–20022003–2009During the early 1990s, Peugeot decided not to directly replace the Peugeot 205, citing the reason that superminis were no longer profitable or worthwhile."
},
{
"docid": "D1787444#0",
"title": "http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/freddie-gray/bs-md-freddie-gray-mainbar-20150501-story.html\nSix Baltimore police officers charged in Freddie Gray's death",
"text": "\"The six Baltimore police officers involved in the arrest of Freddie Gray – who died last month after being injured in police custody – have been charged criminally, State's Attorney Marilyn Mosby announced Friday. Jean Marbella Contact Reporter The Baltimore Sun Six Baltimore police officers face charges in Freddie Gray's death. Widespread outrage over the death of Freddie Gray gave way to impromptu celebrations Friday after Baltimore's chief prosecutor filed criminal charges against the six police officers who arrested him, drove him to a police station and ignored his pleas for medical help. State's Attorney Marilyn J. Mosby charged the driver of the van with second-degree murder and the other officers with offenses that included involuntary manslaughter, vehicular manslaughter, second-degree assault, false imprisonment and misconduct in office. The officers were taken into custody Friday and released on bail. \"\" These charges are an important step in getting justice for Freddie,\"\" said Richard Shipley, stepfather of the 25-year-old Gray, who died April 19, one week after he was injured in police custody. Mosby's conclusion that Gray had been illegally arrested and suffered a spinal injury while unrestrained in a police transport wagon led to joyous outbursts in many parts of a city that has been under heavy police and National Guard watch and a 10 p.m. curfew following Monday's rioting. After weeks of tension and occasional violence, it felt as if many exhaled in relief Friday. Gray had become the focus of massive demonstrations, here and in other cities, as the latest in a string of African-American men who died during confrontations with police. CAPTIONThe case stood in stark contrast to others across the nation in which police officers were cleared of wrongdoing in the deaths of black men."
},
{
"docid": "D2921625#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadillac_CTS\nCadillac CTS",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Cadillac CTSOverview Manufacturer General Motors Production 2002–present Model years 2003–present Body and chassis Class mid-size luxury car Related Cadillac CTS-VChronology Predecessor Cadillac Catera Cadillac Eldorado (for the CTS coupe only)The Cadillac CTS is a mid-size luxury car / executive car designed, engineered, manufactured and marketed by General Motors, and now in its third generation. Initially available only as a 4-door sedan on the GM Sigma platform, GM had offered the second generation CTS in three body styles: 4-door sedan, 2-door coupe, and 5-door sport wagon also using the Sigma platform — and the third generation in coupe and sedan configurations, using a stretched version of the GM Alpha platform. Wayne Cherry and Kip Wasenko designed the exterior of the first generation CTS, marking the production debut of a design language (marketed as \"\"Art and Science\"\") first seen on the Evoq concept car. Bob Boniface and Robin Krieg designed the exterior of the third generation CTS. Contents [ hide ]1 First generation (2003–2007)2 Second generation (2008–2014)2.1 Coupe2.2 Sport Wagon3 Third generation (2014–present)3.1 Design3.2 Production3.3 Reception3.4 Powertrains4 Awards5 Marketing6 CTS-V7 Sales8 References9 External links First generation (2003–2007) [ edit]First generation Overview Production 2002–June 2007Model years 2003–2007Assembly United States: Lansing, Michigan ( Lansing Grand River Assembly)China: Shanghai ( Shanghai GM) Taiwan: Miaoli Russia: Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblast ( Avtotor) [1] [2]Designer Wayne Cherry (1998)Kip Wasenko (1998)Body and chassis Class Executive car Body style 4-door sedan Layout Front-engine, rear-wheel drive Platform GM Sigma platform Powertrain Engine2.6 L LY9 V6 ( gasoline)2.8 L LP1 V6 (gasoline)3.2 L LA3 V6 (gasoline)3.6 L LY7 V6 (gasoline)5.7 L LS6 V8 (gasoline)6.0 L LS2 V8 (gasoline)Transmission5-speed 5L40-E automatic5-speed Getrag 260 manual6-speed Aisin AY-6 manual6-speed Tremec T-56 manual Dimensions Wheelbase 113.4 in (2,880.4 mm)Length 190.1 in (4,828.5 mm) [3]Width 70.6 in (1,793.2 mm)Height 56.7 in (1,440.2 mm)Curb weight 3,568 lb (1,618 kg)Introduced in 2002 as a 2003 model, the CTS sedan was built on GM's new rear-wheel drive Sigma platform and sported a fully independent suspension. It marked a return to RWD cars for the brand, and was the first Cadillac to be offered with a manual transmission since the 1988 Cimarron. The CTS was designed as a replacement for the Opel -based Catera. Wayne Cherry and Kip Wasenko designed the exterior of the first generation CTS and this vehicle marked the production debut of the \"\"Art and Science\"\" design language first seen on the Evoq concept car. [ 4] CTS vehicles are built at GM's Lansing Grand River Assembly in Lansing, Michigan. Originally powered by a 3.2 L LA3 V6 producing 220 hp (164 k W), the CTS received an updated 3.6 L DOHC V6 with variable valve timing as an option in 2004, producing 255 hp (190 k W) and 252 lb⋅ft (342 N⋅m) of torque."
},
{
"docid": "D2013671#0",
"title": "http://www.ford-wiki.com/wiki/Mercury_Comet\nMercury Comet",
"text": "\"From Ford Wiki Mercury Comet Automotive industry Mercury Parent company Ford Motor Company Production 1960-1977Assembly Oakville, Ontario, Canada Successor Mercury Zephyr Mercury Monarch Car classification Compact car (1960-65) Mid-size (1966-1976)Automobile layout FR layout Related Ford Falcon The Mercury Comet is an Automobile produced by the Mercury division of the Ford Motor Company between 1960 and 1977, with the exception of the 1970 model year. Changes in its design and marketing strategy resulted in the Comet being classified as either a compact or an intermediate-sized car during the seventeen years that the Comet name was used. The Comet was an outgrowth of the compact Ford Falcon. Because it was marketed through Mercury, Comets received better grade interior trim details than concurrent Falcons, and a slightly longer wheelbase. Contents [ hide]1 Relationship to the Edsel2 1960-19652.1 Overview2.2 1960-632.3 1964-653 1966-19693.1 1966-19673.2 1968-19694 1971-19775 Sources6 External links Relationship to the Edsel Originally planned as an Edsel model, the Comet was not officially a Mercury until 1962, and was simply marketed in 1960 and 1961 as the Comet . Developed concurrently with the Ford Falcon, early preproduction photographs of the sedan show a car remarkably close to the Comet that emerged, but with a split grille following the pattern established by Edsel models. Early Ford styling mules for the station wagon model carried the Edsel name as well. When the cars were released, the split grille was replaced by one more in keeping with Mercury's design themes. However, the canted elliptical taillights, first seen on the Edsel prototype, were used and carried the \"\"E\"\" (Edsel) part number on them. While the short lived 1960 Edsels used elliptical shaped taillights, the lenses used on both cars differed in length and width."
},
{
"docid": "D225909#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_body_style\nCar classification",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Car body style)navigation search This article is about passenger car and pickup classifications. For commercial vehicle classifications, see Truck classification. This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Article needs large amounts of proofreading and organization. Please help improve this article if you can. ( January 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Governments and private organizations have developed car classification schemes that are used for innumerable purposes including regulation, description and categorization, among others. This article details commonly used classification schemes in use worldwide. Contents1 Classification methods2 Size and usage-based vehicle classification systems worldwide3 Economy car3.1 Microcar3.2 Hatchbacks3.2.1 Ultracompact car3.2.2 City car3.2.3 Supermini/subcompact car3.3 Family car3.3.1 Small family car/compact car3.3.2 Large family / mid-size4 Saloons / sedans4.1 Large family / mid-size4.2 Full size / large4.3 Crossover SUV4.4 Minivans / MPVs5 Luxury vehicle5.1 Compact executive5.2 Executive/mid-luxury5.3 Full-size luxury / Grand saloon5.4 Estate cars / station wagons6 Sports cars6.1 Hot hatch6.2 Sports saloon / sports sedan6.3 Sports car6.4 Grand tourer6.5 Supercar6.6 Muscle car6.7 Pony car6.8 Convertible7 Off-roaders7.1 Sport utility vehicle8 Commercial vehicle8.1 Van9 Other car classification terms9.1 Non-English terms10 See also11 References12 External links Classification methods [ edit]Vehicles can be categorized in numerous ways. For example, by means of the body style and the \"\"level of commonality in vehicle construction as defined by number of doors and roof treatment (e.g., sedan, convertible, fastback, hatchback) and number of seats\"\" that require seat belts to meet safety regulations. [ 1]Regulatory agencies may also establish a vehicle classification system for determining a tax amount."
},
{
"docid": "D22800#0",
"title": "http://idyllopuspress.com/idyllopus/film/shining_opening.htm\nPart One of an In-depth Analysis of Stanley Kubrick's Film The Shining - The Opening Section",
"text": "\"Go to Table of Contents of the analysis (which has also a statement on purpose and manner of analysis and a disclaimer as to caveat emptor and my knowing anything authoritatively, which I do not, but I do try to not know earnestly, with some discretion, and considerable thought). The most important thing which must be kept in mind with Kubrick's films is there is the surface or principle story and then the internal or sub-story. In many of his films, if we're really paying attention, set elements pretty much immediately destroy the surface naturalism. One may not notice this destruction the first, second or third time one watches the film. Through constructive disorientation and disconnectedness, and sleight of hand as to where our eye focuses, Kubrick, the magician, intentionally obfuscates these elements that destroy the overt and naturalistic story line. The surface story lines are the principle ones, and this is maintained and supported by the intentional obfuscation of the deconstructive elements which keep them sub rosa. At the same time, these deconstructive elements are plainly there, alongside his tremendous effort to make things look real and believable, and once we bypass the disorientation and his purposeful refocusing they become a puzzle, annihilating the sense of reality. This destruction of the film's naturalistic story line is difficult enough to conceive of and accept that most people stop at this point and decide these puzzling aspects of Kubrick's films are errors when they are not. They are part of the art of a director cleverly designing the overt story line to be unimpeded by an internal story that tears it apart. Indeed, the sub rosa elements of the internal story may be discreet but they are enough in evidence to complicate the surface story with an aura of attractive, indefinable mystery, which is one of the reasons viewers return to Kubrick again and again."
},
{
"docid": "D1953488#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagon_Wheel_(song)\nWagon Wheel (song)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Wagon Wheel\"\"Song by Old Crow Medicine Showfrom the album O. C. M. S. Released February 24, 2004Recorded 2003 at RCA Studio B in Nashville, Tennessee Genre Country Americana folkbluegrass Length 3: 52Label Nettwerk Songwriter (s)Bob Dylan Ketch Secor [1]Producer (s) David Rawlings O. C. M. S. track listing\"\"We're All in This Together\"\" (10) \"\" Wagon Wheel \"\" (11)Music video\"\"Wagon Wheel\"\" on You Tube\"\" Wagon Wheel \"\" is a song co-written by Bob Dylan and Ketch Secor of Old Crow Medicine Show. [ 2] Dylan recorded the chorus in 1973; Secor added verses 25 years later. Old Crow Medicine Show's final version was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America in April 2013. [ 3]The song has been covered numerous times, notably by Nathan Carter in 2012 and Darius Rucker in 2013. Rucker's version reached No. 1 on the Hot Country Songs chart and was certified triple Platinum by the RIAA in March 2014. [ 4]Contents [ hide ]1 Content2 Background and writing3 Creative rights4 Popularity5 Certification6 Nathan Carter version6.1 Track listing6.2 Music video6.3 Chart performance7 Darius Rucker version7.1 Backstory7.2 Genre7.3 Critical reception7.4 Music video7.5 Chart performance7.6 Charts and certifications7.7 Weekly charts7.8 Year-end charts7.9 Certifications8 Other covers9 In popular culture10 References11 External links Content [ edit]The song describes a hitchhiking journey south along the eastern coast of the United States, from New England in the northeast, through Roanoke, Virginia with the intended destination of Raleigh, North Carolina, where the narrator hopes to see his lover. As the narrator is walking south of Roanoke, he catches a ride with a trucker who is traveling from Philadelphia through Virginia westward toward the Cumberland Gap and Johnson City, Tennessee. Old Crow Medicine Show's version of the song is in 2/4 time signature, with an approximate tempo of 76 half notes per minute. It uses the I–V–vi–IV pattern in the key of A major, with the main chord pattern of A–E–F ♯ m–D. Background and writing [ edit]\"\"I'd gotten a (Bob) Dylan bootleg in like ninth grade and I let (band co-founder) Ketch (Secor) listen to it, and he wrote the verses because Bob kind of mumbles them and that was it."
},
{
"docid": "D2520284#0",
"title": "http://www.californiahistory.com/sample.html\nCalifornia History At Its Very Best",
"text": "\"Formerly known as the Dogtown Territorial Quarterly California History At Its Very Bestemail: [email protected] Here's a sample of an article published in The California Tewrritorial Quarterly. We've only included two pictures so this page will download quickly. Tiburcio Vasquez in Southern California The Bandit's Last Hurrah By John W. Robinson Western outlaws seem to hold a special fascination in the minds of western history buffs. With the passage of time many of these badmen have become folk heroes, no matter how dastardly their crimes may have been. Witness the fact that most of us are far more familiar with the names of Billy The Kid, Jesse James and the Dalton brothers than with the true, deserving heroes of the West. Books by the score chronicle their crimes. You need only to peruse Ramon Adams' bibliography of Western outlaws, Six Guns and Saddle Leather, to realize how abundant is the literature of banditry and how fascinated is the public with this gender of anti-hero. California has its share of legendary anti-heroes, too. Joaquin Murietta leads the list, but only a notch below is the of Tiburcio Vasquez. Vasquez is particularly interesting to southern Californians because the climactic two years of his twenty-three year criminal career were centered almost exclusively in Los Angeles County or on the wagon routes leading from Los Angeles to the Cerro Gordo Mines and the San Joaquin Valley."
},
{
"docid": "D527616#0",
"title": "http://www.tombstonetimes.com/stories/stagecoaches.html\n.",
"text": "\"Being a modern day Stagecoach Driver I have often wondered what it must have been like to drive the stage lines of the old west. This curiosity moved me to research these hardy modes of transportation used during the mid to late 1800’s and to discover their origin and some of their illustrious and dangerous past. Two wheelwrights named J. S. Abbot and Lewis Downing perfected the first Concord Stagecoach in 1826. Their New Hampshire wagon factory became the place where Abbot and Downing would manufacture their Concord Stagecoaches along with over 40 other types of wagons and carriages. Of the Concord, Mark Twain once stated, \"\"The Concord Stagecoach was like a cradle on wheels.\"\" And rightly so. The Abbot Downing Company employed thorough braces and a suspension system made of 3 inch leather straps under the coach which gave the ride a swinging motion instead of the jolting up and down of spring suspension. As for the outward appearance the undercarriage was typically painted bright yellow with the coach color being the purchaser's choice. The typical exterior colors used were scarlet red or green. The window in the door was glazed while the side windows were not."
},
{
"docid": "D270449#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle\nSport utility vehicle",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"SUV\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see SUV (disambiguation). World's most-sold SUVs 2010–2017 [1] [2]2017 Toyota RAV42017 Honda CR-V2016 Hyundai Tucson Sport-utility (vehicle), SUV or sport-ute is an automotive classification, typically a kind of station wagon / estate car with off-road vehicle features like raised ground clearance and ruggedness, and available four-wheel drive. Many SUVs are built on a light-truck chassis but operated as a family vehicle, and though designed to be used on rougher surfaces, most often used on city streets or highways. [ 3] [4] In recent years, in some countries the term SUV has replaced terms like \"\"Jeep\"\" or \"\"Land-Rover\"\" in the popular lexicon as a generic description for light 4WD vehicles. [ 5]Many SUVs have an upright built body and tall interior packaging, a high seating position and center of gravity, and available all-wheel drive for off-road capability. Some SUVs include the towing capacity of a pickup truck with the passenger-carrying space of a minivan or large sedan. The traditional truck-based SUV is more and more being supplanted by unitary body SUVs [6] and crossovers based on regular automobile platforms for lighter weight and better fuel efficiency. In some countries, notably the United States, SUVs are not classified as cars, but as light trucks. [ 7]SUVs overtook lower medium segment cars to become the world's largest automotive segment in 2015, accounting for 22.9 percent of global light vehicle sales (for 2015), or 36.8% of the world's passenger car market (Q1–Q3, 2017). ["
}
] |
8410 | who started the company giorgio? | [
{
"docid": "D2650800#0",
"title": "http://martinroll.com/resources/articles/branding/giorgio-armani-the-iconic-fashion-brand/\nGiorgio Armani â The Iconic Global Fashion Brand",
"text": "Branding Nov 2016Home > Resources > Articles > Branding > Giorgio Armani – The Iconic Global Fashion Brand Giorgio Armani – The Iconic Global Fashion Brand The Giorgio Armani brand owned and run by the founder designer Giorgio Armani has earned the much hallowed space in the fashion industry through its superior design, relevant themes and trends. It maintains the aura of a real luxury brand. Not only has Giorgio Armani become one of the most respected and known brand names in the fashion and luxury brand industry, it is also one of the most highly valued fashion companies in the world with a value of over USD 3.3 billion. Giorgio Armani started the company in 1975. Being a designer himself, he made apparel with his sense of aesthetics, beauty and luxury, a sense that appealed to the elite of the society. It is a privately held company with the founder Giorgio Armani being the sole shareholder. With many sub-brands designed under the parent umbrella brand of Giorgio Armani to cater to the specific needs of different market segments, it has become one of the strongest fashion and luxury brands in the world. The brand is built on 3 pillars: class, quality and exclusivity. Its product lines cover all corners of fashion, including apparel, swimwear, accessories, perfume, cosmetics, watches, eye wear, bags and shoes for men, women and kids. Giorgio Armani is very expansive in Asia Pacific with its multiple future growth markets for luxury brands."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2253050#0",
"title": "http://www.uncut.co.uk/features/blondie-on-the-making-of-heart-of-glass-we-were-trying-to-sound-like-kraftwerk-1474\nBlondie on the making of âHeart Of Glassâ",
"text": "Blondie on the making of “Heart Of Glass”Uncut November 28, 20140 shares“We were trying to sound like Kraftwerk…”TAGS: Blondie Blondie release a 6LP vinyl boxset on December 1, so we thought we’d dig out this great piece from the Uncut archives (August 2008, Take 135), in which Debbie Harry, Chris Stein, Clem Burke and taskmaster/producer Mike Chapman relive the disco-punk bootcamp that built a gleaming, global hit machine. Interviews: Nick Hasted___________________“He was completely whacked,” laughs Chris Stein, talking about Phil Spector, a prospective producer on “Heart Of Glass”. “ At one point in a meeting, he said, ‘Oh, you wanna listen to this.’ And he brought us into a music room and played what he was working on, Leonard Cohen, at such distorted volume it just sounded like ‘WHA-A-A-AH!’ The record company guy nudged me and said: ‘Play your cards right, and you could sound like that, too…’”Realising, perhaps, that a “completely whacked” Spector might not be the best man to lead Blondie’s assault on the American charts, the band and their record label, Chrysalis, considered George Martin and ABBA’s Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus before settling on Mike Chapman. Chapman, an Australian who’d worked on a string of hits for Suzi Quatro, The Sweet and Mud, was under no illusion of what was expected of him: “Chrysalis said: ‘Break ’em,’” he remembers today. At this point in their career, Blondie had reached the UK Top 10 three times, but conspicuously failed to make their mark in their home country. “ Heart Of Glass” – the first track recorded for their third album, Parallel Lines – proved a major turning point for them. Based on a three-year old demo, it was painstakingly transformed with synth grooves inspired by Kraftwerk and Giorgio Moroder and given a Saturday Night Fever beat. It reached No 1 on both sides of the Atlantic and Blondie become the biggest band to come out of the New York punk scene… with a disco record."
},
{
"docid": "D2025810#0",
"title": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giotto\nGiotto di Bondone",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Giotto)navigation search Giotto This face in the decorations of the Peruzzi Chapel, might be Giotto's portrait of himself. ( digitally restored)Birth name Giotto di Bondone Born c. 1267 near Florence, Italy Died January 8, 1337 (Aged about 70)Florence, Italy Nationality Italian Field Painting, Fresco Movement Gothic Works Scrovegni Chapel frescoes, Campanile Giotto di Bondone (c. 1267 – January 8 1337 ), usually known as Giotto, was an Italian painter and architect from Florence. He is generally thought of as the first in a line of great artists of the Italian Renaissance. Giovanni Villani, who lived at the same time as Giotto, wrote that he was the king of painters, who drew all his figures as if they were alive. Villani says that, because he was so clever, the city of Florence gave him a salary. [ 1]In the 16th century, the biographer Giorgio Vasari says that Giotto changed painting from the Byzantine style of other artists of his day, and brought to life the great art of painting as it was made by the later Renaissance painters like Leonardo da Vinci. This was because Giotto drew his figures from life, rather than copying the style them from old well-known pictures in the way that the Byzantine artists like Cimabue and Duccio did. [ 2]Giotto's greatest work is the decoration of the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua, finished around 1305. The building is sometimes called the \"\"Arena Chapel\"\" because it is on the site of an Ancient Roman arena. This fresco series shows the life of the Virgin and the life of Christ."
},
{
"docid": "D3289917#0",
"title": "http://articles.latimes.com/1988-11-13/magazine/tm-10_1_perfume-cost\n$150 for $1.50 Worth of Perfume",
"text": "\"$150 for $1.50 Worth of Perfume November 13, 1988 | Paddy Calistro HOW MUCH DOES a perfume really cost? That's everybody's question when they see a $350 price tag on a bottle of Bijan or one for $250 on Joy. Does it really have to cost so much? Nobody who markets perfume will tell you exactly, but by asking the right questions of the right people, you can get an idea. Consider first the amber liquid that smells--the \"\"juice,\"\" as it is known in the trade. Without a winning compound, as Giorgio's Michael Gould says, \"\"You can have the most beautiful bottle and box in the world and the product won't sell. If the juice isn't right, long term you won't have a franchise. \"\" So perfume makers rarely spare the expense when formulating a prestige fragrance. If it takes 692 ingredients to make it work, as in Giorgio's new Red, then so be it. But, according to one Los Angeles fragrance expert, even the most expensive ingredients in the world--such as pure jasmine and attar of rose--do not raise the price to three figures."
},
{
"docid": "D393313#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxottica_Group\nLuxottica",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Luxottica Group)navigation search Luxottica Group S.p. A. Type Listed società per azioni Traded as BIT : LUXFTSE MIB Component Industry Eyewear manufacturing, luxury, eyewear manufacturing and wholesale distribution, eyewear retailing Founded 1961; 57 years ago ( Agordo, Italy)Headquarters Milan, Italy Area served Worldwide Key people Leonardo Del Vecchio (Founder and Executive Chairman)Francesco Milleri ( Deputy Chairman and Chief Executive Officer) [1]Products Sunglasses, spectacle frames, prescription frames Services Opticians, optical retail, sun retail Revenue € 9.157 billion (2017) [2]Operating income € 1.345 billion (2016) [2]Total assets € 10.300 billion (2016) [2]Total equity € 5.784 billion (2016) [2]Number of employees 82,282 (2016) [2]Divisions Ray-Ban, Persol, Oakley, Lens Crafters, OPSM, Sunglass Hut, Apex by Sunglasshut, Eyemed, Pearle Vision, Sears Optical, Glasses.com, Onesight Website luxottica .com Luxottica Group S.p. A. is an Italian eyewear company and the world's largest company in the eyewear industry. [ 3] [4] It is based in Milan, Italy. As a vertically integrated company, Luxottica designs, manufactures, distributes and retails its eyewear brands, including Lens Crafters, Sunglass Hut, Apex by Sunglass Hut, Pearle Vision, Sears Optical, Target Optical, Eyemed vision care plan, and Glasses.com. Its best known brands are Ray-Ban, Persol, and Oakley. Luxottica also makes sunglasses and prescription frames for designer brands such as Chanel, Prada, Giorgio Armani, Burberry, Versace, Dolce and Gabbana, Miu Miu, DKNY, and Tory Burch. [ 5] [6] [7]In January 2017, Luxottica announced a merger with Essilor to be completed by mid-2017, resulting in combined market capitalization of approximately €46 billion. [ 8] The combined entity will command more than one quarter of global value sales of eyewear. [ 9] In March 2018, the European Commission approved the unconditional merger of Essilor and Luxottica. ["
},
{
"docid": "D180902#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romano_Prodi\nRomano Prodi",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search The Honorable Romano Prodi OMRIPresident of the European Commission In office 16 September 1999 – 30 October 2004Vice President Neil Kinnock Preceded by Manuel Marín Succeeded by José Manuel Barroso52nd Prime Minister of Italy In office 17 May 2006 – 8 May 2008President Giorgio Napolitano Deputy Massimo D'Alema Francesco Rutelli Preceded by Silvio Berlusconi Succeeded by Silvio Berlusconi In office 17 May 1996 – 21 October 1998President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro Deputy Walter Veltroni Preceded by Lamberto Dini Succeeded by Massimo D'Alema President of the Democratic Party In office 14 October 2007 – 16 April 2008Preceded by Position established Succeeded by Rosy Bindi President of the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction In office 20 May 1993 – 27 July 1994Preceded by Franco Nobili Succeeded by Michele Tedeschi In office 3 November 1982 – 29 October 1989Preceded by Pietro Sette Succeeded by Franco Nobili Minister of Industry, Commerce and Manufacturing In office 25 November 1978 – 20 March 1979Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti Preceded by Carlo Donat-Cattin Succeeded by Franco Nicolazzi Personal details Born Romano Antonio Prodi 9 August 1939 (age 78)Scandiano, Emilia, Kingdom of Italy Political party Christian Democracy (1963–1994)Italian People's Party (1994–1996)Independent (1996–1999; 2002–2007; 2013– )The Democrats (1999–2002)Democratic Party (2007–2013)Other political affiliations The Olive Tree (1995–2007)The Union (2005–2007)Spouse (s) Flavia Franzoni ( m. 1969)Children 2Alma mater Università Cattolica of Milan London School of Economics Signature This article is part of a series about Romano Prodi Political offices President of the European Commission (1999–2004)Prime Minister of Italy (1996–1998; 2006–2008)Elections1996 Italian election1999 European election2006 Italian election Political Career Operation Alba Withdraw from Iraq UNIFIL2008 Italian political crisis Governments First Second European Commission Amsterdam Treaty Nice Treaty European Constitution2004 EU enlargementv t e Romano Prodi OMRI ( Italian pronunciation: [roˈmaːno ˈprɔːdi] ( listen); born 9 August 1939) is an Italian politician who served as the 10th President of the European Commission from 1999 to 2004. He served twice as Prime Minister of Italy - from 17 May 1996 to 21 October 1998, and from 17 May 2006 to 8 May 2008. [ 1] [2] He is considered the founder of the Italian centre-left and one of the most prominent and iconic figures of the so-called Second Republic. Prodi is often nicknamed Il Professore (\"\"The Professor\"\"), due to his academic career. [ 3]A former professor of economics and international advisor to Goldman Sachs, Prodi ran in 1996 as lead candidate of The Olive Tree coalition, winning the general election and serving as Prime Minister of Italy until 1998. Following the victory of his coalition The Union over the House of Freedoms led by Silvio Berlusconi in the April 2006 Italian elections, Prodi took power again. On 24 January 2008, he lost a vote of confidence in the Senate house, and consequently tendered his resignation as Prime Minister to Italian President Giorgio Napolitano, but continued in office for almost four months for routine business, until early elections were held and a new government was formed. Up to this time, he has been the only one lead candidate of Italian centre-left who won elections and managed to form a government without the need of opponents' parliamentary support. On 14 October 2007, Prodi became the first President of the Democratic Party upon foundation of the party. On 12 September 2008, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon selected Prodi as president of the African Union -UN peacekeeping panel. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3552855#0",
"title": "http://nickiminaj.wikia.com/wiki/Hey_Mama\nHey Mama",
"text": "\"in: Songs, Songs featuring Minaj, Singles, and 3 more Hey Mama Edit Comments (49) Share David Guetta Listen Features Nicki Minaj, Afrojack, Bebe Rexha (later addition)Released November 24, 2014Recorded 2014Format Digital download Genre Pop Length 3:12Label What A Music, Parlophone Writer David Guetta, Giorgio Tuinfort, Bebe Rexha, Ester Dean, Nick van de Wall, Sean Douglas Producer Guetta, Afrojack, Tuinfort, Dean Single information Single release March 17, 2015Video release May 19, 2015←Last single \"\" Truffle Butter \"\" Next single→ \"\" The Night Is Still Young \"\"\"\" Hey Mama \"\" is a song by David Guetta from his sixth studio album Listen, which features guest vocals by Nicki Minaj and Afrojack, and later addition Bebe Rexha who at first was uncredited for singing the hook. The song serves as the fourth single off the album. The song was produced by David Guetta himself along with Afrojack, Giorgio Tuinfort, and Ester Dean. Writing credits go to Guetta, Tuinfort, Bebe Rexha, Ester Dean, Nick van de Wall, and Sean Douglas. The song was released as a digital download on November 24, 2014 in the UK and the US along with the rest of the album. It impacted Top 40 (Pop) radio on March 17, 2015. A music video was shot on April 8 (Nicki's part) and April 21 (the rest). It premiered on David Guetta's You Tube channel on May 19. The song has peaked at #1 on the Billboard Hot Dance/Electronic Songs chart, becoming Nicki's first Top 10 and eventually #1 on that chart. She is the first female rapper to go #1 on that chart."
},
{
"docid": "D1596350#0",
"title": "http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0085549/\nFlashdance ( 1983)",
"text": "\"FULL CAST AND CREW | TRIVIA | USER REVIEWS | IMDb Pro | MORESHARE6.1/ 1040,133Rate This Flashdance ( 1983)R | 1h 35min | Drama, Music, Romance | 15 April 1983 (USA)1:39 | Trailer1 VIDEO| 40 IMAGESWatch Now From $2.99 (SD) on Prime Video ON DISCA Pittsburgh woman with two jobs as a welder and an exotic dancer wants to get into ballet school. Director: Adrian Lyne Writers: Thomas Hedley Jr. (screenplay) (as Tom Hedley), Joe Eszterhas (screenplay) |1 more credit »Stars: Jennifer Beals, Michael Nouri, Lilia Skala | See full cast & crew »39Metascore From metacritic.com Reviews136 user | 50 critic Popularity2,114 ( 507 )Patton Oswalt on \"\"The IMDb Show\"\"Patton Oswalt revisits high school in \"\" A. P. Bio .\"\" And which cast member of A Quiet Place would survive an apocalypse? Watch the show Related News The Cast of 'Flashdance' Has Changed a Lot Since the Movie Premiered in 1983 — See Them Now!23 March 2018 | Closer Weekly'The Last Dragon': THR's 1985 Review22 March 2018 | The Hollywood Reporter - Movie News Theatre Review: ‘Awful Auntie’ (UK Tour)09 March 2018 | The Hollywood News See all related articles »Around The Web Powered by Zerg Net Create a list »User Lists Related lists from IMDb users Dance moviesa list of 41 titles created 1 day ago\"\"Happiness is a state of mind. It's just according to the way you look at things. \"\" a list of 47 titles created 3 months ago Movies of 1983a list of 38 titles created 01 Oct 2013Things I've Seena list of 21 titles created 3 weeks ago80sa list of 34 titles created 3 weeks ago See all related lists »Related Items Search for \"\" Flashdance \"\" on Amazon.com Share this Rating Title: Flashdance (1983)6.1 /10Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. Show HTML View more styles User Polls So you think you can dance Movie Theme Song Played on a Theater Organ From Film To Radio Hit Non-Stop Greatest dance scene in a non-musical? Best Music Video Inspired by Movie Rich Guy, Poor Girl See more polls »Won 1 Oscar. Another 10 wins & 14 nominations."
},
{
"docid": "D1093105#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scality\nScality",
"text": "\"Scality From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Scality Type Private Industry Information technology, data storage Founded 2009Headquarters San Francisco, California, United States Key people Jérôme Lecat, CEO Giorgio Regni, CTO Erwan Menard, COO Philippe Mechanick, CFO Paul Turner, CMOProducts Scality RINGNumber of employees 210Website www .scality .com Scality is a global company based in San Francisco, California that develops software-defined object storage. The Scality scale-out object storage software platform called RING is the company's commercial product; Scality also offers an open source Cloud Server (S3 Server) with protocol, compatible with Amazon S3. Scality RING software deploys on industry-standard x86 servers to store objects and files. Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Products2.1 Versions3 References4 External links History [ edit]Scality was founded in 2009 by Jérôme Lecat, Giorgio Regni, Daniel Binsfeld, Serge Dugas, and Brad King. Scality raised $7 million of venture capital funding in March 2011. [ 1] A C-round of $22 million was announced in June 2013, led by Menlo Ventures and Iris Capital with participation from FSN PME and all existing investors, including Idinvest Partners, OMNES Capital and Galileo Partners. [ 2] [3] [4] Scality raised $45 million in August 2015. This Series D funding was led by Menlo Ventures with participation from all existing investors and one new strategic investor, Broad Band Tower. [ 5] [6] [7] In 2016, HPE made a strategic investment [8] in the company. Scality announced a refreshed brand, along with a global distribution agreement with HP in October 2014. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1596351#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene_Cara\nIrene Cara",
"text": "\"Irene Cara From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Irene Cara Born Irene Cara Escalera March 18, 1959 (age 59)The Bronx, New York City, New York, U. S. Education Professional Children's School Occupation Singer songwriter actress Known for Sparkle Williams – Sparkle [1] Coco Hernandez – Fame Spouse (s) Conrad Palmisano ( m. 1986; div. 1991)Musical career Genres R&B pop disco Instruments Vocals keyboards Years active 1968–present [2]Labels Epic Geffen Elektra Associated acts The Electric Company/The Short Circus Diddy DJ Bo Bo Website irenecara .com Irene Cara Escalera (born March 18, 1959), [3] [4] [5] known professionally as Irene Cara, is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. Cara sang and co-wrote the international hit song ' Flashdance... What a Feeling ' (from the movie Flashdance ), for which she won an Academy Award for Best Original Song [6] and a Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance [7] in 1984. Cara is also known for playing the role of Coco Hernandez in the 1980 film Fame, and for recording the film's title song ' Fame ', which became an international hit. Prior to her success with Fame, Cara portrayed the title character Sparkle Williams in the original 1976 musical drama film Sparkle. Contents [ hide ]1 Early life2 Career2.1 Fame (1980) and international acclaim2.2 Post- Fame 1980-19992.3 21st century3 Personal life4 Discography4.1 Studio albums4.2 Soundtrack appearances4.3 Singles4.4 Vocal appearances on other albums5 Stage acting6 Filmography6.1 Television6.2 Film7 Awards and nominations8 See also9 References10 External links Early life [ edit]This section of a biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. ( October 2014) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Cara was born in The Bronx, New York City, the youngest of five children. [ 8] Her father, Gaspar Escalera, a factory worker and retired saxophonist, was Afro-Puerto Rican, [8] and her mother, Louise, a cinema usher, was Cuban-American."
},
{
"docid": "D1888335#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_is_the_man_in_the_armani_code_commercial_for_giorgio_armani\nWho is the man in the armani code commercial for Giorgio Armani?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Business & Finance Business and Industry Industries and Professions Fashion Design Who is the man in the armani code commercial for Giorgio Armani? Flag Who is the man in the armani code commercial for Giorgio Armani? Edit Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. The guy in the Armani \"\"Code\"\" commercial, which features the song \"\"Scandalous\"\" by Misteeq, is Venezuelan model Enrique Palacios, and the girl is Swedish model Mini Anden.36 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No King1111 4 Contributions Who is Giorgio Armani? Giorgio Armani FAQ Giorgio Armani (born July 11, 1934) is a famous Italian fashion designer, who loves to take risks and set trends. Originally he pursued a career in m …Archer1989 1 Contribution What is the name of the song in the Giorgio Armani commercial? Armani Song There are two songs: One is \"\"Scandalous\"\" by Mis Teeq, which is heard on the women's perfume of Armani. The second one is a song composed by Nicolas Errera, wh …Xlilmissclumsyx 1 Contribution What is the dress of the women on the Armani Code commercial for Giorgio Armani? It should be from the Armani collection."
},
{
"docid": "D1893494#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/La-traviata\nLa traviata",
"text": "\"La traviata, opera in three acts by Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi ( libretto in Italian by Francesco Maria Piave) that premiered in Venice at La Fenice opera house on March 6, 1853. Based upon the 1852 play by Alexandre Dumas fils ( La Dame aux camélias ), the opera marked a large step forward for Verdi in his quest to express dramatic ideas in music. La traviata means “the fallen woman” or “the one who goes astray” and refers to the main character, Violetta Valéry, a courtesan. The opera features some of the most challenging and revered music in the entire soprano repertoire; the aria “Sempre libera” at the end of Act I is especially well known. Background and context Dumas, in his novel of 1848 and the play based on it, recalls an actual “lady of pleasure” (the scandalous Marie Duplessis) whom he had known and adored. Like Violetta in the opera, Duplessis had conquered Parisian society with her wit, charm, and beauty, but her reign was a brief one—she died of tuberculosis in 1847 at age 23. Verdi attended the play in 1852 in Paris, where he was spending the winter. The composer had already read the novel and had begun to conceive of an opera based on the story. La Fenice had been clamouring for a new work; although the theatre would supply funding and performers, Verdi was afraid its singers would not do the opera justice. He was right."
},
{
"docid": "D2125630#0",
"title": "http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0073650/\nSalò, or the 120 Days of Sodom ( 1975)",
"text": "\"FULL CAST AND CREW | TRIVIA | USER REVIEWS | IMDb Pro | MORESHARE6.0/ 1044,398Rate This Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom ( 1975)Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma (original title)Not Rated | 1h 57min | Drama, Horror, War | 19 May 1976 (France)In World War II Italy, four fascist libertines round up nine adolescent boys and girls and subject them to one hundred and twenty days of physical, mental and sexual torture. Director: Pier Paolo Pasolini Writer: Pier Paolo Pasolini Stars: Paolo Bonacelli, Laura Betti, Giorgio Cataldi |See full cast & crew »Reviews399 user | 162 critic Popularity672 ( 12 )On Discat Amazon Patton Oswalt on Playing the Principal in \"\"A. P. Bio\"\"Patton Oswalt shares why high school is the perfect setting for his new show \"\" A. P. Bio \"\" and gives his younger self some sage advice. Go back to high school Related News Interview with Carlo Chatrian, the Locarno Film Festival's Artistic Director31 July 2017 | MUBIThe Best Opening Credit Sequences In Movie History — Indie Wire Critics Survey08 May 2017 | Indiewire Film Review: Martin Scorsese’s ‘Silence’10 December 2016 | Variety - Film News See all related articles »Around The Web Powered by Zerg Net Create a list »User Lists Related lists from IMDb users1/5 Starsa list of 25 titles created 07 Mar 2017Favourite Horror Moviesa list of 38 titles created 8 months ago Want to watcha list of 30 titles created 10 months agorandom MOVIESa list of 28 titles created 2 months ago Horror Movies I want to Watcha list of 46 titles created 8 months ago See all related lists »Related Items Search for \"\" Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom \"\" on Amazon.com Share this Rating Title: Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom (1975)6 /10Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. Show HTML View more styles User Polls Your Favorite Ennio Morricone Drama Soundtrack? See more polls »1 win. See more awards »Photos See all 65 photos »Learn more People who liked this also liked...◄ Prev 6 Next 6 ►Add to Watchlist Next »Srpski film (2010)Horror | Mystery | Thriller1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5.2 / 10An aging porn star agrees to participate in an \"\"art film\"\" in order to make a clean break from the business, only to discover that he has been drafted into making a pedophilia and necrophilia themed snuff film. Director: Srdjan Spasojevic Stars: Srdjan 'Zika' Todorovic, Sergej Trifunovic, Jelena Gavrilovic Edit Cast Cast overview, first billed only: Paolo Bonacelli... The Duke Giorgio Cataldi... The Bishop Umberto Paolo Quintavalle... The Magistrate (as Umberto P. Quintavalle)Aldo Valletti... The President Caterina Boratto... Signora Castelli Elsa De Giorgi... Signora Maggi Hélène Surgère... Signora Vaccari (as Helene Surgere)Sonia Saviange... The Pianist Sergio Fascetti... Male Victim Bruno Musso... Carlo Porro - Male Victim Antonio Orlando... Tonino - Male Victim Claudio Cicchetti... Male Victim Franco Merli... Male Victim Umberto Chessari... Male Victim Lamberto Book... Lamberto Gobbi - Male Victim See full cast »Edit Storyline Nazi-Fascist Northern Italy, 1943-44. Four senior members of government, aided by henchmen and Nazi soldiers, kidnap a group of young men and women. They hold them for 120 days, subjecting them to all manner of torture, perversion and degradation."
},
{
"docid": "D247233#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxottica\nLuxottica",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Luxottica Group S.p. A. Type Listed società per azioni Traded as BIT : LUXFTSE MIB Component Industry Eyewear manufacturing, luxury, eyewear manufacturing and wholesale distribution, eyewear retailing Founded 1961; 57 years ago ( Agordo, Italy)Headquarters Milan, Italy Area served Worldwide Key people Leonardo Del Vecchio (Founder and Executive Chairman)Francesco Milleri ( Deputy Chairman and Chief Executive Officer) [1]Products Sunglasses, spectacle frames, prescription frames Services Opticians, optical retail, sun retail Revenue € 9.157 billion (2017) [2]Operating income € 1.345 billion (2016) [2]Total assets € 10.300 billion (2016) [2]Total equity € 5.784 billion (2016) [2]Number of employees 82,282 (2016) [2]Divisions Ray-Ban, Persol, Oakley, Lens Crafters, OPSM, Sunglass Hut, Apex by Sunglasshut, Eyemed, Pearle Vision, Sears Optical, Glasses.com, Onesight Website luxottica .com Luxottica Group S.p. A. is an Italian eyewear company and the world's largest company in the eyewear industry. [ 3] [4] It is based in Milan, Italy. As a vertically integrated company, Luxottica designs, manufactures, distributes and retails its eyewear brands, including Lens Crafters, Sunglass Hut, Apex by Sunglass Hut, Pearle Vision, Sears Optical, Target Optical, Eyemed vision care plan, and Glasses.com. Its best known brands are Ray-Ban, Persol, and Oakley. Luxottica also makes sunglasses and prescription frames for designer brands such as Chanel, Prada, Giorgio Armani, Burberry, Versace, Dolce and Gabbana, Miu Miu, DKNY, and Tory Burch. [ 5] [6] [7]In January 2017, Luxottica announced a merger with Essilor to be completed by mid-2017, resulting in combined market capitalization of approximately €46 billion. [ 8] The combined entity will command more than one quarter of global value sales of eyewear. [ 9] In March 2018, the European Commission approved the unconditional merger of Essilor and Luxottica. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1596352#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flashdance..._What_a_Feeling\nFlashdance... What a Feeling",
"text": "\"Flashdance... What a Feeling From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Flashdance... What a Feeling\"\"Side-A label of one of U. S. 7-inch vinyl editions Single by Irene Carafrom the album What a Feelin' and Flashdance: Original Soundtrack from the Motion Picture B-side Love Theme from \"\"Flashdance\"\" (Instrumental) (7\"\", CD) Found It (12\"\")Released April 1983Format 7\"\", 12\"\", CD single Recorded 1982–83Genre Pop [1]Length 3: 57Label Network / Polygram / Casablanca [2]Songwriter (s) Giorgio Moroder (music) Keith Forsey & Irene Cara (lyrics) [3]Producer (s) Giorgio Moroder Irene Cara singles chronology\"\"Anyone Can See\"\" (1981) \"\" Flashdance... What a Feeling \"\" (1983) \"\" Why Me? \"\" ( 1983)Audio samplefile help Music video\"\"Flashdance... What a Feeling\"\" on You Tube\"\" Flashdance... What a Feeling \"\" is a song from the 1983 film Flashdance, written by Italian composer Giorgio Moroder (music), Keith Forsey and Irene Cara (lyrics), and performed by Cara. [ 3]Contents [ hide ]1 Song information2 Composition3 Releases and track listing4 Charts4.1 Weekly charts4.2 Year-end charts5 Marcia Hines version5.1 Track listing5.2 Charts6 Global Dee Jays version6.1 Charts7 Other cover versions8 See also9 References10 External links Song information [ edit]In addition to topping the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Cara's only #1 song, it earned a platinum record, the Academy Award for Best Original Song, [3] the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, [4] and the Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. [ 5] In 2004 it finished at #55 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema. The song also kept Culture Club 's song \"\" Time (Clock of the Heart) \"\" off the number one spot. It reached # 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart the week of May 28th, 1983 and stayed there for 6 weeks. The song was the #3 single of the year in 1983 on the Billboard year-end chart. In 2008, the song was ranked at #26 on Billboard ' s All Time Top 100, which commemorated the 50th anniversary of the Billboard Hot 100. [ 6]In the United Kingdom, the song spent one week at #2 on the UK Singles Chart for the week ending date July 9, 1983, behind \"\" Baby Jane \"\" by Rod Stewart. [ 3]Composition [ edit]The song is in the key of B♭ Major and has a Tempo of 122 BPM. ["
},
{
"docid": "D79047#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragusa,_Italy\nRagusa, Sicily",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Ragusa, Italy)navigation search For the Dalmatian city now in Croatia, see Dubrovnik. Ragusa Comune Città di Ragusa Panorama of Ragusa Ibla Coat of arms Ragusa within the homonym province Ragusa Location of Ragusa in Italy Coordinates: 36°56′N 14°45′ECountry Italy Region Sicily Province Ragusa (RG)Frazioni Marina di Ragusa, San Giacomo Bellocozzo Government• Mayor Federico Piccitto Area• Total 442.6 km 2 (170.9 sq mi)Elevation 520 m (1,710 ft)Population (31 July 2017) [1]• Total 73,361• Density 170/km 2 (430/sq mi)Demonym (s) Ragusani Time zone CET ( UTC+1)• Summer ( DST) CEST ( UTC+2)Postal code 97100Dialing code 0932Patron saint St. John the Baptist (Ragusa) St. George (Ragusa Ibla)Saint day June 24Website Official website‹ The template below ( Infobox World Heritage Site) is being considered for merging. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus. ›Ragusa, Sicily Ragusa UNESCO World Heritage Site Official name Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto (South-Eastern Sicily)Location Province of Ragusa, Italy Coordinates 36°55′30″N 14°43′50″EArea 444.67 km 2 (4.7864 × 10 9 sq ft)Criteria Cultural: i, ii, iv, v Reference 1024Inscription 2002 (20th Session)Website www .comune .ragusa .gov .it Location of Ragusa, Sicily [ edit on Wikidata]Ragusa ( Italian: [raˈɡuːza], listen ( help · info); Sicilian: Rausa; Latin: Ragusia) is a city and comune in southern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Ragusa, on the island of Sicily, with 73,288 inhabitants in 2016. [ 1] It is built on a wide limestone hill between two deep valleys, Cava San Leonardo and Cava Santa Domenica. Together with seven other cities in the Val di Noto, it is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Geography3 Main sights3.1 Upper Town3.2 Ragusa Ibla4 Transport5 Gallery6 International relations6.1 Twin towns — sister cities6.2 Montalbano7 Notable residents8 References9 External links History [ edit]The origins of Ragusa can be traced back to the 2nd millennium BC, when there were several Sicel settlements in the area. The current district of Ragusa Ibla has been identified as Hybla Heraea. The ancient city, located on a 300-metre (980 ft)-high hill, came into contact with nearby Greek colonies, and grew thanks to the nearby port of Camerina."
},
{
"docid": "D1898606#0",
"title": "http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/ancient-aliens\nAncient Aliens",
"text": "\"183Ancient Aliens3,795,99411705111Part of a series on History Channel. [ View Related Entries]Updated about a month ago by Y F. Added 6 years ago by Jacob Sk. Like us on Facebook!Share Pin Tweet PROTIP: Press 'i' to view the image gallery , 'v' to view the video gallery, or 'r' to view a random entry. Featured Episode Know Your Meme: Ancient Aliens Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 3:27Meme Status Confirmed Type: Image Macro Year2010Origin4chan Tagsancient, aliens, channel, scifi, parody, image macro, history, notables of 2011, giorgio a. tsoukalos Additional References Meme Generator Wikipedia About Ancient Aliens is a series of image macros based on History Channel’s TV series with the same name starring alien expert Giorgio A. Tsoukalos, who often tends to explain inexplicable phenomena as the direct result of aliens or extraterrestrials being on Earth. In a somewhat similar fashion to Bill O’Reilly ‘s You Can’t Explain That series, the Ancient Aliens macros exaggerate Tsoukalos’ beliefs to such an extent that they become humourous. Origin The still shot of Giorgio A. Tsoukalos originated from the History Channel series Ancient Aliens [1], a documentary series that explores the possibility that aliens may have visited in the past. The program is directed and produced by Giorgio A. Tsoukalos and first aired on April 20th, 2010. Giorgio Tsoukalos bad fake tan and hair Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 0:12Ancient Astronaut Theory The documentary focuses on the “Ancient Astronaut Theory” [2] which states that extraterrestrial beings came to earth throughout the ancient times and helped shape history."
},
{
"docid": "D2630780#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Stuff_(Donna_Summer_song)\nHot Stuff (Donna Summer song)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Hot Stuff\"\"Artwork for Italian release Single by Donna Summerfrom the album Bad Girls B-side\"\"Journey to the Centre of Your Heart\"\"\"\"Heaven Knows\"\" (Brazil)\"\"Bad Girls\"\" (Japan)Released April 13, 1979Format7\"\" single 12\"\" single Genre Disco [1] rock [2]Length3: 47 (radio edit)5:14 (album version)6:46 (extended mix)Label Casablanca Songwriter (s)Pete Bellotte Harold Faltermeyer Keith Forsey Producer (s)Giorgio Moroder Pete Bellotte Donna Summer singles chronology\"\" Heaven Knows \"\" (1978) \"\" Hot Stuff \"\" (1979) \"\" Bad Girls \"\" (1979)Audio sample\"\"Donna Summer - Hot Stuff\"\"file help\"\" Hot Stuff \"\" is a song by American singer Donna Summer from her seventh studio album Bad Girls (1979), produced by Italian producer Giorgio Moroder, and released as the lead single from Bad Girls on April 13, 1979, through Casablanca Records. Up to that point, Summer had mainly been associated with disco songs but this song also showed a significant rock direction, including a guitar solo by ex- Doobie Brother and Steely Dan guitarist Jeff \"\"Skunk\"\" Baxter. It is one of her most popular songs, based on the performance on the Billboard Hot 100. [ 3]Contents [ hide ]1 Awards and recognition2 Cover versions3 Appearances in other media4 Chart performance4.1 Weekly charts4.2 Year-end charts4.3 Sales and certifications5 See also6 References7 External links Awards and recognition [ edit]\"\"Hot Stuff\"\" won Summer the Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance in the inaugural year the award was given out. In 2010, the song was ranked #104 on Rolling Stone's list of \"\" The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time \"\". [ 4]Cover versions [ edit]Czech singer Věra Špinarová recorded a cover version in 1979 entitled Tak já ti mávám. [ 5]Pop star Eli Ze released a cover in September 2008, which peaked at no. 11 on the Dutch charts. [ 6]Appearances in other media [ edit]The song was memorably featured in the popular 1997 film The Full Monty. During a press event on his 50th birthday, Charles, Prince of Wales helped recreate the scene in which the four main characters overhear the song while waiting in line at the unemployment office. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2457786#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_is_the_President_of_Italy\nWho is the President of Italy?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of Europe History of Italy Who is the President of Italy? Flag Who is the President of Italy? Answer by Jkm Young Confidence votes 44.0KGiorgio Napolitano is the President of Italy. He became the 11th President of Italy on May 15, 2006. Italy is a Parliamentary Republic. It has a 'president of the council of ministers' (prime minister - head of government - premier) and a 'president of the republic', both appointed by the parliament. The Prime Minister is currently Matteo Renzi (since February 22, 2014) Giorgio Napolitano is the 11th and current president30 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Jkm Young Who was the first president of Italy? Enrico de Nicola was the first president of Italy. Luigi Enaudi succeeded him."
},
{
"docid": "D2578719#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat_Trattori\nFiat Trattori",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Fiat Trattori Former type Public Industry Agricultural Equipment Fate Merged Founded 1918Founder Giovanni Agnelli Defunct 1993Headquarters Turin, Italy Products Tractors, Combines Fiat Trattori S.p. A. was a Fiat group company founded in 1919. Fiat Trattori was a constructor of agricultural equipment, and tractors in particular. Over its decades of history it established itself as Italy’s leading constructor and one of the biggest in Europe; in 1991 it took over Ford New Holland and adopted its name to increase its status on the world markets. In 1999 New Holland acquired Case Corporation to create CNH Global, in which Fiat Industrial was the majority shareholder until the two firms merged to create CNH Industrial in 2013. Contents [ hide ]1 History1.1 Origins1.2 The Postwar Years1.3 From the 1970s to the 1990s2 From FIATGEOTECH to NHGEOTECH3 Notes4 External links History [ edit]An article about Italian industry, including Fiat tractors, in the January 1919 issue of The Gas Engine Monthly Magazine (Cincinnati, Ohio, USA). Fiat 300 of production years 1971–1978. Fiat 25R tractor. Fiat Agri 80-75 crawler tractor. Origins [ edit]The history of Fiat Trattori began in 1918 when it launched its first tractor, the Fiat 702, which had 30 horsepower. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2925835#0",
"title": "http://www.wisegeek.com/who-is-giorgio-armani.htm\nWho is Giorgio Armani?",
"text": "Giorgio Armani is one of the world's most famous fashion designers. Born in Piacenza, Italy on 11 July 1934, he originally intended to become a doctor. After studying medicine at the University of Bologna, he decided that the medical life was not for him. He found that he had an aversion to the sight of blood. He then stepped into the fashion business by becoming a window dresser in a large clothing store. With his photographic background and a keen eye for detail, it was not long before Giorgio Armani became a clothes buyer for the store. The next step up for the young man was his role as assistant designer for the well-known fashion designer Nino Cerutti. He soon began working for other major fashion labels, such as Zenga and Ungaro. Giorgio Armani took fashion design very seriously and soon decided it was time to go independent. By 1975, he and his partner Sergio Galeotti had formed a men's clothing line, and in 1976, he branched out into women's fashion."
}
] |
8414 | who was mendeleev and what did he do | [
{
"docid": "D1302358#0",
"title": "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/edexcel_pre_2011/patterns/periodictablerev4.shtml\n.",
"text": "Mendeleev's periodic table Another table in order of relative atomic mass Dmitri Mendeleev (1834 - 1907)In 1869, just five years after John Newlands put forward his law of octaves, a Russian chemist called Dmitri Mendeleev published a periodic table. Mendeleev also arranged the elements known at the time in order of relative atomic mass, but he did some other things that made his table much more successful. He realised that the physical and chemical properties of elements were related to their atomic mass in a 'periodic' way, and arranged them so that groups of elements with similar properties fell into vertical columns in his table. Part of Mendeleev's periodic table Row Group I Group II Group III Group IV Group V Group VI Group VII Group VIII1H2Li Be B C N O F3Na Mg Al Si P S Cl4K Ca? Ti V Cr Mn Fe, Co, Ni, Cu Gaps and predictions Sometimes this method of arranging elements meant there were gaps in his horizontal rows or 'periods'. But instead of seeing this as a problem, Mendeleev thought it simply meant that the elements which belonged in the gaps had not yet been discovered. He was also able to work out the atomic mass of the missing elements, and so predict their properties. And when they were discovered, Mendeleev turned out to be right. For example, he predicted the properties of an undiscovered element that should fit below aluminium in his table. When this element, called gallium, was discovered in 1875, its properties were found to be close to Mendeleev's predictions."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2617870#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_trestle_table_named_after_its_inventor\nWhat does a trestle table look like?",
"text": "Ma9989009 464,381 Contributions What does a trestle table look like? The trestle is the oldest form of table used in Colonial America. The first tables were made of long planks of wood, about two feet wide and twelve feet long, supported by cen …All About Table Tennis 513 Contributions Inventor of table tennis? The game of table tennis has its roots in lawn tennis. When lawn tennis became very popular in the 1870s & 1880s, game makers tried to emulate its success by developing indo …What is a trestle? Trestle is a structure that connects the marine structure like jetty to the land. It is usually constructed to transport bulk cargo from the ships to the land terminal by …Mikipedia 25,169 Contributions What element is named after the inventor of the periodic table? Mendelevium, element 101 and abbreviated Md, was named in honor of Dmitri Mendeleev (note the spelling difference) who came up with the first working concept of a periodic tab …Who is the inventor of the periodic table? Dmitri Mendeleev Who are the inventor of table and chair? Prof."
},
{
"docid": "D873681#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/80862285/periodic-table-flash-cards/\nPeriodic Table",
"text": "88 terms asherllewellyn Periodic Table Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort A table makes it ___ to identify ___ and ___ and compare the ___ of multiple trials Easier; patterns; trends; results A table uses a ____ system to __ information Logical; Organize How many elements were known when Mendeleev created his table? 60-65Dmitri Mendeleev developed a system to ___ the ___ elements Organize; Known What did he arrange the table by? The chemical properties and relative atomic masses of the elements What did Mendeleev leave ___s for in his table? Holes; For elements that had not yet been discovered Was his assumption correct? Why? Yes, he predicted the existence of many more elements What is based off Mendeleev's table The modern Periodic Table How are elements arranged in the modern Periodic Table? In order of increasing atomic number, with elements with like chemical properties in columns What are the rows of the Periodic Table called? Periods What does the period an element is in tell you?"
},
{
"docid": "D2456889#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_pattern_did_mendeleev_discover_when_he_arranged_the_elements\nMendeleev arranged the elements by?",
"text": "Mendeleev arranged the elements by? Mendeleev arranged the elements by increasing atomic mass instead of like today by increasing atomic number. Robert Puig 2 Contributions Mendeleev noticed that patterns appeared when he arranged the elements in what way? He did order it in the periodic table, but i think what your looking for is that he arranged it in order of increasing Atomic mass How did Mendeleev arrange the elements? Mendeleev arranged the elements by their relative atomic mass. Each one of his rows began with an element that had 1 valency and ended it with inert gas elements. Th …Dorthy Thi-Tuyen 2 Contributions Mendeleev arranged the elements according to? Atomic Mass & Chemical Reactivity By what property did Mendeleev arrange the elements?atomic mass. Isntphysicsfun 174 Contributions By what propety did Mendeleev arrange the elements? Madeleev originally arranged the elements in the first periodic table by their average atomic masses."
},
{
"docid": "D1991941#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_was_Dmitri_Mendeleev\nWho was Dmitri Mendeleev?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Chemistry Periodic Table Who was Dmitri Mendeleev? Flag Who was Dmitri Mendeleev? Answer by Rnp 279 Confidence votes 27.3KDmitri Mendeleev proposed one of the early versions of the periodic table. He also arranged the elements in the increasing order of their increasing atomic mass and repeating properties.7 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What did Dmitri Mendeleev do? He developed the periodic table. Rnp 279Who is Dmitri Mendeleev? He proposed one of the early versions of the periodic table. Hearranged the elements in the increasing order of their increasingatomic mass and repeating properties. What was Dmitri mendeleevs major contribution?"
},
{
"docid": "D981421#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_of_chemical_elements\nPeriodic table",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Periodic table of chemical elements)navigation search This article is about the table used in chemistry and physics. For other uses, see Periodic table (disambiguation). Part of a series on the Periodic table Periodic table forms [show]Periodic table history [show]Sets of elements By periodic table structure [show]By metallic classification [show]By other characteristics [show]Elements List of chemical elements ... [show]Properties of elements [show]Data pages for elements [show]Book Category Chemistry Portalv t e The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties, whose adopted structure shows periodic trends. Generally, within one row (period) the elements are metals on the left, and non-metals on the right, with the elements having similar chemical behaviours being placed in the same column. Table rows are commonly called periods and columns are called groups. Six groups have accepted names as well as assigned numbers: for example, group 17 elements are halogens; and group 18 are noble gases. Also displayed are four simple rectangular areas or blocks associated with the filling of different atomic orbitals. Importantly, the organization of the periodic table can be utilized to derive relationships between various element properties, but also predicted chemical properties and behaviours of undiscovered or newly synthesized elements. Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev was first to publish a recognizable periodic table in 1869, developed mainly to illustrate periodic trends of the then-known elements. He also predicted some properties of unidentified elements that were expected to fill gaps within this table."
},
{
"docid": "D1791445#0",
"title": "http://www.rsc.org/Education/Teachers/Resources/periodictable/pre16/develop/meyer.htm\nJulius Lothar Meyer â the first identifier of periodicity?",
"text": "The development of the Periodic Table (pre-16)Julius Lothar Meyer – the first identifier of periodicity? Most people regard Mendeleev as the initial formulator of the Periodic Table with the work of his contemporaries often ignored. One such chemist was the German Julius Lothar Meyer, (1830 - 1895), who was just four years older than the Russian. In 1864, five years before the first announcement of a Periodic System by Mendeleev, Meyer had produced a table of just 28 elements which he listed by their valence. [ The term valence is now called valency and represents ‘combining power’ of an element. For example sodium forms a chloride Na Cl and has a valency of one; magnesium forms Mg Cl 2 and has a valency of two and so on.] The 28 elements were almost entirely main group elements. He incorporated transition metals in another table in 1868 which listed the elements in increasing weight order with elements with the same valence in a given column. This was earlier than Mendeleev's table (1869) but unfortunately Meyer's was not published until 1870. Mendeleev and Meyer were unaware of each other’s work until after this."
},
{
"docid": "D2609191#0",
"title": "https://docs.google.com/document/d/121RDxJo1siSLx-MEKfXouILPJA_WolGV4VffrXwau1k/preview#!\n.",
"text": "\"There has been some disagreement about who deserves credit for being the \"\"father\"\" of the periodic table, the German Lothar Meyer ( see a picture) or the Russian Dmitri Mendeleev. Both chemists produced remarkably similar results at the same time working independently of one another. Meyer's 1864 textbook included a rather abbreviated version of a periodic table used to classify the elements. This consisted of about half of the known elements listed in order of their atomic weight and demonstrated periodic valence charges as a function of atomic weight. In 1868, Meyer constructed an extended table which he gave to a colleague for evaluation. Unfortunately for Meyer, Mendeleev's table became available to the scientific community via publication (1869) before Meyer's appeared (1870). Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907), the youngest of 17 children was born in the Siberian town of Tobol'sk where his father was a teacher of Russian literature and philosophy ( see a picture ). Mendeleev was not considered an outstanding student in his early education partly due to his dislike of the classical languages that were an important educational requirement at the time even though he showed prowess in mathematics and science. After his father's death, he and his mother moved to St. Petersburg to pursue a university education. After being denied admission to both the University of Moscow and St. Petersburg University because of his provincial background and unexceptional academic background, he finally earned a place at the Main Pedagogical Institute (St. Petersburg Institute)."
},
{
"docid": "D219493#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table\nPeriodic table",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the table used in chemistry and physics. For other uses, see Periodic table (disambiguation). Part of a series on the Periodic table Periodic table forms Periodic table history Sets of elements By periodic table structure By metallic classification By other characteristics Elements List of chemical elements ... Properties of elements Data pages for elements Book Category Chemistry Portalv t e The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties, whose adopted structure shows periodic trends. Generally, within one row (period) the elements are metals on the left, and non-metals on the right, with the elements having similar chemical behaviours being placed in the same column. Table rows are commonly called periods and columns are called groups. Six groups have accepted names as well as assigned numbers: for example, group 17 elements are halogens; and group 18 are noble gases. Also displayed are four simple rectangular areas or blocks associated with the filling of different atomic orbitals. Importantly, the organization of the periodic table can be utilized to derive relationships between various element properties, but also predicted chemical properties and behaviours of undiscovered or newly synthesized elements. Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev was first to publish a recognizable periodic table in 1869, developed mainly to illustrate periodic trends of the then-known elements. He also predicted some properties of unidentified elements that were expected to fill gaps within this table."
},
{
"docid": "D543334#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_chemistry\nHistory of chemistry",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search The 1871 periodic table constructed by Dmitri Mendeleev. The periodic table is one of the most potent icons in science, lying at the core of chemistry and embodying the most fundamental principles of the field. The history of chemistry represents a time span from ancient history to the present. By 1000 BC, civilizations used technologies that would eventually form the basis of the various branches of chemistry. Examples include extracting metals from ores, making pottery and glazes, fermenting beer and wine, extracting chemicals from plants for medicine and perfume, rendering fat into soap, making glass, and making alloys like bronze. The protoscience of chemistry, alchemy, was unsuccessful in explaining the nature of matter and its transformations. However, by performing experiments and recording the results, alchemists set the stage for modern chemistry. The distinction began to emerge when a clear differentiation was made between chemistry and alchemy by Robert Boyle in his work The Sceptical Chymist (1661). While both alchemy and chemistry are concerned with matter and its transformations, chemists are seen as applying scientific method to their work. Chemistry is considered to have become an established science with the work of Antoine Lavoisier, who developed a law of conservation of mass that demanded careful measurement and quantitative observations of chemical phenomena."
},
{
"docid": "D1622477#0",
"title": "http://chemistry.about.com/od/k12gradelessons/a/periodictable.htm\nPeriodic Table Study Guide - Introduction & History",
"text": "Science, Tech, Math ›Science Periodic Table Study Guide - Introduction & History Organization of the Elements Share Flipboard Email Print The periodic table of the elements is an essential chemistry resource. Steve Cole, Getty Imagesby Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph. D. Updated March 08, 2017Introduction to the Periodic Table People have known about elements like carbon and gold since ancient time. The elements couldn't be changed using any chemical method. Each element has a unique number of protons. If you examine samples of iron and silver, you can't tell how many protons the atoms have. However, you can tell the elements apart because they have different properties. You might notice there are more similarities between iron and silver than between iron and oxygen. Could there be a way to organize the elements so you could tell at a glance which ones had similar properties? What Is the Periodic Table?"
},
{
"docid": "D2111751#0",
"title": "http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0905215.html\nThe Periodic Table",
"text": "Home > Science & Health > Science & Inventions > Physical Science Cite The Periodic Table See the interactive periodic table. Although some elements, such as gold and iron, have been known to humans since prehistoric times, it wasn't until the 17th century that the first scientific discovery of an element (phosphorus) was made. Only 12 elements were known prior to 1700, but as more and more elements were discovered—by 1900 there were more than 80—scientists tried to find a way to organize them systematically, according to their physical and chemical properties. Today, the periodic table organizes the elements in horizontal rows, or periods, by order of increasing atomic number, which equals the number of protons in the atomic nucleus of each element. The elements are also organized in vertical columns, or groups, based on similar physical characteristics and chemical behavior. This arrangement developed side by side with atomic theory over about 200 years, and it continues to evolve as new elements are discovered. Early Attempts One of the earliest attempts to organize the elements based on their chemical and physical properties was made by German chemist Johann Dobereiner. In 1817 Dobereiner noticed that certain elements that were chemically similar could be grouped together in threes, for example, calcium, strontium, and barium; lithium, sodium, and potassium; chlorine, bromine, and iodine. In each group of three, the atomic weight of one element fell halfway between the atomic weights of the other two elements. The pattern seemed too remarkable to be a coincidence."
},
{
"docid": "D1598927#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/34314084/kaleemuddins-chemistry-midterm-flash-cards/\nKaleemuddin's Chemistry Midterm",
"text": "\"406 terms zoebraccia Kaleemuddin's Chemistry Midterm Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort The two most important properties of all matter are taking up space and having mass A true statement about mass is that mass is determined by comparing the mass of an object with a set of standard masses that are part of a balance. The state of matter that has no definite volume or shape is gas This is when molecules of two different substances cling together adhesion This is when molecules of the same substance cling together cohesion Molecules are closest together in a solid The state of matter that has a definite volume and shape is solid The state of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape is liquid Particles in a liquid can move or slide past one another True For most substances, the distance between particles is smallest when the substance ____. exists as a solid Particles of a liquid are free to move in a container but remain in close contact with one another. In which state of matter do the particles spread apart and fill all the space available to them? gas Which one of the following statements best describes the particles in a gas? They are moving very fast and are far apart Liquids have the ability to flow becasue their particles can slide over each other. One property that liquids and gases have in common They can flow, therefore, called fluids A volatile liquid is one that readily evaporates If you wanted to separate iron filings from sand, you would use a ________. magnet The process used to separate heterogeneous mixtures of solids and liquids is called ____________. filtration____________ is a separation technique that uses the boiling points of various substances to separate mixtures. distillation A technique that separates a mixture based on the individual substance's tendency to travel across a surface is called ___________."
},
{
"docid": "D2226982#0",
"title": "http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/EA/MENDELEEVann.HTML\nElements and Atoms: Chapter 12 Mendeleev's First Periodic Table",
"text": "\"Elements and Atoms: Chapter 12 Mendeleev's First Periodic Table Dmitrii Mendeleev (1834-1907; see portrait of Mendeleev in 1878 by Kramskoy) was born in Tobolsk, in Western Siberia. His chief contribution to chemistry was the establishment of the periodic system of elements. Mendeleev was one of a number of independent discoverers of the periodic law in the 1860s--that number ranging from one [Leicester 1948] to six [van Spronsen 1969] depending on the criteria one adopts. Mendeleev's formulation was clearly superior in several respects to the work of contemporary classifiers: it was the clearest, most consistent, and most systematic formulation, and Mendeleev made several testable predictions based on it. It was not, however, free from error. Scientists, even great scientists, trying to see further than others have in the past, do not always see the whole picture clearly. As noted below, Mendeleev himself corrected some of the errors within a few years; others persisted well into the 20 th century. This table and the accompanying observations were first presented to the Russian Chemical Society in March 1869. ( Actually, Mendeleev was ill, and his colleague Nikolai Menshutkin presented his paper [Menschutkin 1934].) The paper was published in the first volume of the new society's journal. That same year, a German abstract of the paper, consisting of the table and eight comments, was published in Zeitschrift für Chemie."
},
{
"docid": "D2217915#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_does_the_periodic_table_work\nHow does the periodic table work?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Chemistry Periodic Table How does the periodic table work? Flag How does the periodic table work? Edit Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. The layout of the periodic table demonstrates recurring (\"\"periodic\"\") chemical properties. Elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number (i.e. the number of protons in the atomic nucleus). Rows are arranged so that elements with similar properties fall into the same vertical columns (\"\"groups\"\"). According to quantum mechanical theories of electron configuration within atoms, each horizontal row (\"\"period\"\") in the table corresponded to the filling of a quantum shell of electrons. There are progressively longer periods further down the table, grouping the elements into s-, p-, d- and f-blocks to reflect their electron configuration. In printed tables, each element is usually listed with its element symbol and atomic number; many versions of the table also list the element's atomic mass and other information, such as its abbreviated electron configuration, electronegativity and most common valence numbers. Hope this helps.1 person found this useful Was this answer useful?"
},
{
"docid": "D2456888#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080420141707AA5Hbqz\nWhat pattern did Mendeleev discover after he arranged the elements?",
"text": "Science & Mathematics Chemistry What pattern did Mendeleev discover after he arranged the elements? Follow 4 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: If you arrange the periodic table in order of increasing atomic mass, then you would have a pattern and all elements that don't have similar properties. He invented the first periodic table. *** In the late 1860's, Mendeleev began working on his great achievement: the periodic table of the elements. By arranging all of the 63 elements then known by their atomic weights, he managed to organize them into groups possessing similar properties. Where a gap existed in the table, he predicted a new element would one day be found and deduced its properties. And he was right. Three of those elements were found during his lifetime: gallium, scandium, and germanium. Source (s):http://www.corrosion-doctors.org/Biograp...modelesque · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment What Did Mendeleev Discover Source (s):https://shorte.im/a8Lrmflaig · 1 year ago0 0 Comment Octad Periodicity. If the elements are arranged in the increasing order of their Atomic weight (Atomic Mass was introduced later),the 8 th element 9as in octad note in Musuic) will have similar properties as the 1st element.ssrvj · 1 decade ago0 0 Commenti think it was as the amount of protons increased, so did the amount of nuetrons in a proportional rate."
},
{
"docid": "D2919546#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_did_john_newlands_create_his_periodic_table\nWhen did john newlands create his periodic table?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Chemistry Periodic Table When did john newlands create his periodic table? Flag When did john newlands create his periodic table? Answer by Johnrc Confidence votes 844John Newlands first published his \"\"Law of Octaves\"\" in 1863. It pointed out a recurrence of properties for every eighth element in a scheme involving just 21 of between 55 and 60 elements known at the tiime. Two years later he presented to the Chemical Society in London a scheme that involved nearly all of the known elements. However he tried to 'force fit' elements into this scheme with little insight, and some of the family groupings are nonsensical. Mendeleev's Periodic Law was published in 1869. His first periodic table that went with it at the time was followed by a revised version in 1871 which incorporated all known element, and left gaps for elements yet to be discovered.2 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What is the contribution of John Newlands in periodic table of elements? John Newlands was actually the first person to make a periodictable."
},
{
"docid": "D300794#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_year_was_the_periodic_table_created\nWho created the modern periodic table?",
"text": "School Tutor 2,197 Contributions Who created the modern periodic table? Henry Moseley created the modern periodic table by putting the elements in order by atomic number. Dmitri Mendeleev made the first periodic table that could successfully predi …Who created the first periodic table? Mendeleev developed the first periodic table and Mosely later modernized it. Des Dichado 213,603 Contributions Chemist for uranium nuclear fuels Why did Mendeleev create the periodic table? The purpose was to create a rational instrument for the organization of chemical elements. Mizz Kool Beanz 1 Contribution What year did Mendeleev create the periodic table? Mendeleev first created the periodic table in 1869. He thought that the elements must be organised in some way, that we would be able to use for experiments. And he first tho …Rnp 279 212,567 Contributions Create a slogan for periodic tables?"
},
{
"docid": "D2147832#0",
"title": "http://www.famousscientists.org/dmitri-mendeleev/\nDmitri Mendeleev",
"text": "\"Dmitri Mendeleev Lived 1834 – 1907. Dmitri Mendeleev was passionate about chemistry. His deepest wish was to find a better way of organizing the subject. Mendeleev’s wish led to his discovery of the periodic law and his creation of the periodic table – one of the most iconic symbols ever seen in science: almost everyone recognizes it instantly: science has few other creations as well-known as the periodic table. Using his periodic table, Mendeleev predicted the existence and properties of new chemical elements. When these elements were discovered, his place in the history of science was assured. Advertisements Early Life and Education Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev was born on February 8, 1834 in Verkhnie Aremzyani, in the Russian province of Siberia. His family was unusually large: he may have had as many as 16 brothers and sisters, although the exact number is uncertain. His father was a teacher who had graduated at Saint Petersburg’s Main Pedagogical Institute – a teacher training institution. When Dmitri’s father went blind, his mother re-opened a glass factory which had originally been started by his father and then closed."
},
{
"docid": "D62670#0",
"title": "http://web.lemoyne.edu/giunta/EA/MENDELEEVann.HTML\nElements and Atoms: Chapter 12 Mendeleev's First Periodic Table",
"text": "\"Elements and Atoms: Chapter 12 Mendeleev's First Periodic Table Dmitrii Mendeleev (1834-1907; see portrait of Mendeleev in 1878 by Kramskoy) was born in Tobolsk, in Western Siberia. His chief contribution to chemistry was the establishment of the periodic system of elements. Mendeleev was one of a number of independent discoverers of the periodic law in the 1860s--that number ranging from one [Leicester 1948] to six [van Spronsen 1969] depending on the criteria one adopts. Mendeleev's formulation was clearly superior in several respects to the work of contemporary classifiers: it was the clearest, most consistent, and most systematic formulation, and Mendeleev made several testable predictions based on it. It was not, however, free from error. Scientists, even great scientists, trying to see further than others have in the past, do not always see the whole picture clearly. As noted below, Mendeleev himself corrected some of the errors within a few years; others persisted well into the 20 th century. This table and the accompanying observations were first presented to the Russian Chemical Society in March 1869. ( Actually, Mendeleev was ill, and his colleague Nikolai Menshutkin presented his paper [Menschutkin 1934].) The paper was published in the first volume of the new society's journal. That same year, a German abstract of the paper, consisting of the table and eight comments, was published in Zeitschrift für Chemie."
},
{
"docid": "D2140750#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_elements\nPeriodic table",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Periodic table elements)navigation search This article is about the table used in chemistry and physics. For other uses, see Periodic table (disambiguation). Part of a series on the Periodic table Periodic table forms [show]Periodic table history [show]Sets of elements By periodic table structure [show]By metallic classification [show]By other characteristics [show]Elements List of chemical elements ... [show]Properties of elements [show]Data pages for elements [show]Book Category Chemistry Portalv t e The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties, whose adopted structure shows periodic trends. Generally, within one row (period) the elements are metals on the left, and non-metals on the right, with the elements having similar chemical behaviours being placed in the same column. Table rows are commonly called periods and columns are called groups. Six groups have accepted names as well as assigned numbers: for example, group 17 elements are halogens; and group 18 are noble gases. Also displayed are four simple rectangular areas or blocks associated with the filling of different atomic orbitals. Importantly, the organization of the periodic table can be utilized to derive relationships between various element properties, but also predicted chemical properties and behaviours of undiscovered or newly synthesized elements. Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev was first to publish a recognizable periodic table in 1869, developed mainly to illustrate periodic trends of the then-known elements. He also predicted some properties of unidentified elements that were expected to fill gaps within this table."
}
] |
8415 | who was born in august 1979 | [
{
"docid": "D1577367#0",
"title": "http://www.imdb.com/search/name?birth_year=1979\nBirth Date between 1979-01-01 and 1979-12-31 (Sorted by Popularity Ascending)",
"text": "\"Birth Date between 1979-01-01 and 1979-12-31 (Sorted by Popularity Ascending)1-50 of 7,192 names. | Next »Sort by: STARmeter ▲ | A-Z | Birth Date | Death Date1. Morena Baccarin Actress | Deadpool Morena Baccarin was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to actress Vera Setta and journalist Fernando Baccarin. Her uncle was actor Ivan Setta. Morena has Italian and Brazilian Portuguese ancestry. She moved to New York at the age of 10, when her father was transferred there. She attended the La Guardia...2. Stormy Daniels Actress | The 40 Year Old Virgin Stormy Daniels was born on March 17, 1979 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA as Stephanie Gregory Clifford. She is an actress and director, known for The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005).3. Joel Kinnaman Actor | Robo Cop Charles Joel Nordström, known professionally as Joel Kinnaman, is a Swedish actor."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1782706#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange,_New_Jersey\nOrange, New Jersey",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Orange, New Jersey Township City of Orange Township The former First Presbyterian Church Location in Essex County and the state of New Jersey. Census Bureau map of Orange, New Jersey Coordinates: 40.76804°N 74.235692°WCoordinates: 40.76804°N 74.235692°W [1] [2]Country United States State New Jersey County Essex Incorporated November 27, 1806 (as township)Reincorporated April 3, 1872 (as city)Government [6]• Type Faulkner Act Mayor-Council• Body City Council• Mayor Dwayne D. Warren (term ends June 30, 2020) [3] [4]• Administrator Christopher Hartwyk [5]• Deputy Clerk Joyce L. Lanier Area [1]• Total 2.201 sq mi (5.700 km 2)• Land 2.199 sq mi (5.694 km 2)• Water 0.002 sq mi (0.005 km 2) 0.09%Area rank 393rd of 566 in state 19th of 22 in county [1]Elevation [7] 197 ft (60 m)Population ( 2010 Census) [8] [9] [9] [10] [11]• Total 30,134• Estimate (2016) [12] 30,583• Rank 75th of 566 in state 8th of 22 in county [13]• Density 13,705.7/sq mi (5,291.8/km 2)• Density rank 17th of 566 in state 3rd of 22 in county [13]Time zone Eastern (EST) ( UTC-5)• Summer ( DST) Eastern (EDT) ( UTC-4)ZIP codes 07050-07051 [14]Area code (s) 973 [15]FIPS code 3401313045 [1] [16] [17]GNIS feature ID 1729742 [18]Website www .ci .orange .nj .us The City of Orange is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 30,134, [8] [9] [10] reflecting a decline of 2,734 (-8.3%) from the 32,868 counted in 2000, which had in turn increased by 2,943 (+9.8%) from the 29,925 counted in the 1990 Census. [ 19]Orange was originally incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on November 27, 1806, from portions of Newark Township. Portions of the township were taken on April 14, 1834, to form the now-defunct Clinton Township. On January 31, 1860, Orange was reincorporated as a town. Portions of the town were taken to form South Orange Township (April 1, 1861, now known as Maplewood ), Fairmount (March 11, 1862, now part of West Orange), East Orange Township (March 4, 1863) and West Orange Township (April 10, 1863). On April 3, 1872, Orange was reincorporated as a city. [ 20] In 1982, the city was one of four Essex County municipalities to pass a referendum to become a township, joining 11 municipalities that had already made the change, of what would ultimately be more than a dozen Essex County municipalities to reclassify themselves as townships in order take advantage of federal revenue sharing policies that allocated townships a greater share of government aid to municipalities on a per capita basis. [ 21] [22] [23] [24] [25] The city derives its name from William III of England [26] or William IV, Prince of Orange. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1922126#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawed_Karim\nJawed Karim",
"text": "\"Jawed Karim From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Jawed Karim Jawed Karim in August 2008. Born 1979 (age 38–39) Merseburg, East Germany (Present day Germany)Residence Palo Alto, California, U. S. [1] [2]Alma mater Stanford University University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Known for Co-founder of You Tube Uploader of the first video ever on You Tube Jawed Karim (born 1979) is an Internet entrepreneur, who worked at Pay Pal, and co-founded You Tube. He is the first person to upload a video on it. The video he released was named ' Me at the zoo ' and as of March 21, 2018, has reached over 47 million views. Many of the core components of Pay Pal, including its real-time anti- internet fraud system, were also designed and implemented by Karim. Contents [ hide ]1 Personal life2 Career3 Investments4 Response to Google+ integration5 Publications6 Notes7 References8 External links Personal life [ edit]Karim was born in Merseburg, East Germany in 1979 to a Bangladeshi father and a German mother. [ 3] He crossed the inner German border with his family in the early 1980s, growing up in Neuss, West Germany. [ note 1] Karim moved with his family to Saint Paul, Minnesota in 1992. [ 4] He graduated from Saint Paul Central High School [5] [7] and later attended the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Computer Science. He left campus prior to graduating to become an early employee at Pay Pal, but continued his coursework, [4] earning his bachelor's degree in computer science. ["
},
{
"docid": "D870003#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irvington,_New_Jersey\nIrvington, New Jersey",
"text": "\"Irvington, New Jersey From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Irvington, New Jersey Township Township of Irvington Morrell High School Location in Essex County and the state of New Jersey. Census Bureau map of Irvington, New Jersey Coordinates: 40.72386°N 74.232517°WCoordinates: 40.72386°N 74.232517°W [1] [2]Country United States State New Jersey County Essex Incorporated March 27, 1874Named for Washington Irving Government [8]• Type Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council)• Body Township Council• Mayor Tony Vauss (term ends June 30, 2018) [3] [4] [5]• Business Administrator Musa A. Malik [6]• Municipal Clerk Harold E. Wiener [7]Area [1]• Total 2.930 sq mi (7.589 km 2)• Land 2.928 sq mi (7.584 km 2)• Water 0.002 sq mi (0.005 km 2) 0.07%Area rank 338th of 566 in state 16th of 22 in county [1]Elevation [9] 128 ft (39 m)Population ( 2010 Census) [10] [10] [11] [12] [13]• Total 53,926• Estimate (2016) [14] 54,425• Rank 30th of 566 in state 3rd of 22 in county [15]• Density 18,417.0/sq mi (7,110.8/km 2)• Density rank 8th of 566 in state 1st of 22 in county [15]Time zone Eastern (EST) ( UTC−5)• Summer ( DST) Eastern (EDT) ( UTC−4)ZIP code 07111 [16]Area code (s) 973 [17]FIPS code 3401334450 [1] [18] [19]GNIS feature ID 0877363 [1] [20]Website www .irvington .net Irvington is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township had a total population of 53,926, [10] [11] [12] having declined by 6,769 (−11.2%) from the 60,695 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn declined by 323 (−0.5%) from the 61,018 counted in the 1990 Census. [ 21]Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Geography3 Demographics3.1 2010 Census3.2 2000 Census3.3 Crime4 Economy5 Government5.1 Local government5.2 Federal, state and county representation5.3 Politics6 Education7 Transportation7.1 Roads and highways7.2 Public transportation8 Notable people9 References10 External links History [ edit]Clinton Township, which included what is now Irvington, Maplewood and parts of Newark and South Orange, was created on April 14, 1834. [ 22] The area was known as Camptown until the mid-1800s. In 1850, after Stephen Foster published his ballad, Camptown Races, residents were concerned that the activities described in the song would be associated with their community. The town was renamed, Irvingtown, in honor of Washington Irving. [ 23] [24] [25]Irvington was incorporated as an independent village on March 27, 1874, from portions of Clinton Township. [ 23] What remained of Clinton Township was absorbed into Newark on March 5, 1902. [ 22] On March 2, 1898, Irvington was incorporated as a Town, replacing Irvington Village. ["
},
{
"docid": "D481656#0",
"title": "http://www.genpink.com/when-does-gen-x-end-and-gen-y-begin/\nWhen does Gen X end and Gen Y begin?",
"text": "When does Gen X end and Gen Y begin? When does Gen X end and Gen Y begin? There was a comment on a blog I was reading yesterday (sorry forgot which blog) asking what is the dividing time between Gen X and Gen Y. I thought this was a great questions. I always thought I was Gen X until recently then I started seeing things that made me think that I am Gen Y. Today I set out to figure out the truth. So when exactly does Gen X end and Gen Y begin? In short: no one knows. Generation Y or Echo boomers are terms that designate a cohort of people born immediately after “Generation X.” It is one of several terms (including The Millennials and the The Internet Generation) used to describe the same group. There is much dispute as to the exact range of birth years that constitutes “Generation Y” and whether this term is specific to North America, the Anglophone world, or people worldwide. The only consensus, by way of its relation to the term “Generation X,” is that those born in Generation Y must follow Generation X. – Wikipedia So my question is, why is there a big media push about Gen Y when there is not an exact line between X & Y. Maybe I am missing something? I was born in 1982, according to …List of Generations – I am Gen X (1974 – 1985)American Associations of Law Libraries – I am Gen Y “Generation Y are variable — dates ranging as widely as 1979 through 1994 and 1982 though 2000 have been used."
},
{
"docid": "D3552688#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_from_Stuttgart\nList of people from Stuttgart",
"text": "\"List of people from Stuttgart From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search The following is a list containing people both born in Stuttgart and notable residents of the city, ordered chronologically. Contents [ hide ]1 Artists2 Athletes3 Entrepreneurs4 Lawyers5 Military5.1 Officers6 Scholars7 Scientists8 Statesmen8.1 Royalty and nobility9 Theologians10 Notable residents of Stuttgart11 Notes11.1 Citations Artists [ edit]Image Name Date born Date died Notes Balduin Hoyoul1547 or 1548 26 November 1594Composer Paul Peuerl13 June 1570After 1625Organist, organ builder and composer Johann Jakob Froberger 19 May 16167 May 1667Composer, keyboard virtuoso and organist Charles Theodore Pachelbel 24 November 169015 September 1750Composer, organist and harpsichordist Dorothea Wendling21 March 173620 August 1811Soprano Karl Friedrich Abt174320 November 1783Actor Reinhard Heinrich Ferdinand Fischer18 June 174625 June 1813Architect Nicolas Lupot4 December 175814 August 1824Violin maker Johann Andreas Streicher13 December 176125 May 1833Pianist, composer and piano maker Eberhard Georg Friedrich von Wächter February 176214 August 1852Painter Gustav Friedrich Hetsch28 September 17887 September 1864Architect Carl Alexander Heideloff2 February 178928 September 1865Architect Gustav Schwab19 June 17924 November 1850Writer, pastor and publisher Emilie Zumsteeg9 December 17961 August 1857Choir conductor, songwriter, composer, and pianist Victor Aimé Huber10 March 180019 July 1869Social reformer, travel writer and literature historian Wilhelm Hauff29 November 180218 November 1827Poet and novelist Julius Benedict27 November 18045 June 1885Composer and conductor Georg Herwegh31 May 18177 April 1875Poet Wilhelm Hertz24 September 18357 January 1902Writer Frederick Leypoldt17 November 183531 March 1884Bibliographer Julius Ruthardt13 December 184113 October 1909Violinist and composer Louis Welden Hawkins 1 July 18491 May 1910Painter Isolde Kurz21 December 18535 April 1944Poet and writer Cäsar Flaischlen12 May 186416 October 1920Poet Otto Treßler13 April 187127 April 1965Actor Johannes Baader 22 June 187515 January 1955Architect, writer and artist Fritz Lang15 March 187726 October 1961Painter Ludwig Dürr4 June 18781 January 1956Airship designer Alfred Roth27 April 18799 October 1948Politician and writer Alfred Fischer29 August 188110 April 1950Architect Paul Leni8 July 1885 [1]2 September 1929 [1]Filmmaker Otto Wunderlich 1886 1975Photographer Bruno Frank13 June 188720 June 1945Author, poet, dramatist and humanist Oskar Schlemmer4 September 188813 April 1943Painter, sculptor and choreographer Willi Baumeister22 January 188931 August 1955Painter, scenic designer, art professor and typographer C. Paul Jennewein2 December 189022 February 1978Sculptor Carl Jules Weyl6 December 189012 July 1941Art director and soldier of the Reichswehr Fred Uhlman19 January 190111 April 1985Writer, painter and lawyer Werner Klingler23 October 190323 June 1972Film director and actor Kurt Schumacher6 May 190522 December 1942Sculptor, communist and member of the German Resistance Will Eisenmann3 March 190620 August 1992Composer Eberhard Koebel22 June 190731 August 1955Youth leader, writer and publisher Trude Eipperle27 January 190818 October 1997Operatic soprano Gerda Taro1 August 191026 July 1997War photographer Anni Schaad10 December 191120 December 1988Jewelry designer Richard Holm3 August 191220 July 1988Operatic tenor Hermann Lenz26 February 191312 May 1998Poet, author and novelist Alfred Vohrer29 December 19143 February 1986Film director and actor Alfred Weidenmann 10 May 19169 June 2000Film director and screenwriter Heinz Weiss12 June 192120 November 2010Actor Fritz Umgelter18 August 19229 May 1981Television director, television writer and film director Dieter Eppler11 February 192712 April 2008Actor Joachim Fuchsberger11 March 192711 September 2014Actor, television host, lyricist, businessman, activist and paratrooper Wolf Kahn4 October 1927—Painter Ernst Mahle3 January 1929—Composer and orchestra conductor Fred Herzog21 September 1930—Photographer Werner Haas3 March 193111 October 1976Pianist Michael Pfleghar 20 March 193323 June 1991Film director and screenwriter Helmuth Rilling29 May 1933—Choral conductor Wolfgang Dauner30 December 1935—Jazz fusion pianist, composer and keyboardist Helmut Lachenmann27 November 1935—German composer Ferdinand Alexander Porsche 11 December 19355 April 2012Car designer Walter Stöhrer15 January 193710 April 2000Painter Eberhard Schoener13 May 1938 —Composer, conductor, arranger and keyboard player Hartmut Geerken15 January 1939—Musician, composer, writer, journalist, playwright and filmmaker Veronika Bayer ( 1940 –2008), actress Eberhard Weber (born 1940 ), double bassist and composer Klaus Zehelein (born 1940 ), opera intendant Wolfgang Kramer (born 1942 ), board game designer Rolf Schübel (born 1942 ), film director and screenwriter Friedman Paul Erhardt ( 1943 –2007), early television chef Jerry Zaks (born 1946 ), stage and television director and actor Andrea Rau (born 1947 ), actress and producer Anna Thomas (born 1948 ), film screenwriter, film producer and writer Manfred Wagner (born 1948 ), author of Wagner model Hermann Kopp (born 1954 ), composer and musician Horst von Saurma (born 1954 ), chief editor of the German automobile magazine Sport auto Jeff Dahl (born 1955 ), musician Roland Emmerich (born 1955 ), film director, screenwriter and producer Ralf Illenberger (born 1956 ), guitarist Peter Schilling (born 1956 ), synthpop musician Kiddy Citny (born 1957 ), artist and musician Madhukar (born 1957 ), author, teacher and guru Uwe Grodd (born 1958 ), conductor and flutist Nikolai Müllerschön (born 1958 ), film director, producer and screenwriter Geoff Tate (born 1959 ), singer and musician Greg Iles (born 1960 ), novelist Claudia Neidig (born 1960 ), actress Eytan Pessen (born 1961 ), pianist and opera director Susanne Lewis (born 1962 ), American musician, songwriter and artist Alex Jolig (born 1963 ), actor, singer and motorcycle racer Angela Laich (born 1963 ), sculptor, draughtsperson and painter Steffen Lehmann (born 1963 ), architect and urban designer Denis Scheck (born 1964 ), literary critic and journalist Mark Landler (born 1965 ), journalist Alexander Bader (born 1965 ), clarinetist Jürgen Mayer (born 1965 ), architect and artist Judith Kaufmann (born 1962 ), cinematographer Sandra Hastenteufel (born 1966 ), artist Stefan-Peter Greiner (born 1966 ), violin maker Klaus Schedl (born 1966 ), composer Michael Beck (born 1967 ), member of the German hip hop group Die Fantastischen Vier Natalia Wörner (born 1967 ), actress Robert Schwentke (born 1968 ), film director Markus Amm (born 1969 ), artist Ulrike Frank (born 1969 ), actress Jerri Manthey (born 1970 ), actress Matthias Rexroth (born 1970 ), countertenor Thom Barron (born 1971 ), pornographic actor Chris Bosse (born 1971 ), architect Lisa Martinek (born 1972 ), actress Carmen Vincelj (born 1972 ), professional dancer Reggie Watts (born 1972 ), musician Christopher Bauder (born 1973 ), interaction designer and media artist André Butzer (born 1973 ), artist Max Herre (born 1973 ), musician Florian Maier-Aichen (born 1973 ), landscape photographer Matthias Megyeri (born 1973 ), designer of security products Dragan Espenschied (born 1975 ), media artist Nina Hoss (born 1975 ), actress Martin Pfeifle (born 1975 ), sculptor Tanja Liedtke (born 1977 ), professional dancer Tanja Becker-Bender (born 1978 ), violinist Haha (born 1979 ), singer Simone Simons (born 1985), singer [2]Alexander Tuschinski (born 1988 ), film director Pia Wurtzbach (born 1989 ), Miss Universe 2015 for the Philippines Yoon So-hee (born 1993 ), South Korean actress Athletes [ edit]Julius Frey (1881–1960), swimmer Karl Burger (1883–1959), amateur football player and manager Fred Gaiser (1885–1918), pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals [3]Otto Merz (1889–1933), chauffeur, race car driver, test driver and mechanic Otto Fahr (1892–1969), backstroke swimmer Christian Werner (1892–1932), racecar driver Wolf Hirth (1900–1959), gliding pioneer and sailplane designer Martin Schempp (1905–1984), glider pilot Helmut Schäfer (1908–1994), weightlifter Hermann Lang (1909–1987), champion race car driver Erwin Bauer (1912–1958), Formula One driver Rudi Fischer (1912–1976), racing driver Herman Pilnik (1914–1981), chess Grandmaster Kurt Adolff ( 1921 –2012), racing driver Robert Schlienz ( 1924 –1995), football player Hans Herrmann (born 1928), race car driver Michael May (born 1934), race car driver Günter Klass (1936–1967), race car driver Dieter Glemser (born 1938), touring car racing driver Marlinde Massa (born 1944), field hockey player Horst Köppel (born 1948), footballer and football manager Hans Lutz (born 1949), track cyclist and road bicycle racer Rolf Ziegler (born 1951), athlete Harry Gauss (1952–2009), football coach Rainer Adrion (born 1953), footballer and football manager Almut Lehmann (born 1953), pair skater Walter Kelsch (born 1955), footballer Bernd Martin (born 1955), footballer Elmar Borrmann (born 1957), fencer Dominic Dobson (born 1957), CART and Craftsman Truck Series driver Hansi Müller (born 1957), footballer and supervisory board member of Vf B Stuttgart Mark Adickes (born 1961), American football player Ed Reynolds (born 1961), American football player John Alt (born 1962), American football player Rainer Kraft (born 1962), football coach Andreas Müller (born 1962), football player Martin Schwalb (born 1963), handball player Beate Bühler (born 1964), volleyball player Jürgen Evers (born 1964), sprinter Anja Langer (born 1965), professional bodybuilder Christina Riegel (born 1965), figure skater Michael Spies (born 1965), footballer Thomas Stickroth (born 1965), footballer Vincenzo Nardiello (born 1966), boxer Dietmar Haaf (born 1967), long jumper Jürgen Klopp (born 1967), footballer and football manager Eberhard Trautner (born 1967), footballer Dimitrios Moutas (born"
},
{
"docid": "D278721#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_was_idi_amin\nWho was Idi Amin?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of Africa Who was Idi Amin? Flag Who was Idi Amin? Answer by Jerry Mac Kenzie Confidence votes 111Muslim Dictator of Uganda 1971-1979. Responsible for the death of hundreds of thousands of his countrymen and women. Died August 2003. Idi Amin Dada, who became known as the 'Butcher of Uganda' for his brutal, despotic rule whilst president of Uganda in the 1970s, is possibly the most notorious of all Africa's post-independence dictators. Amin seized power in a military coup in 1971 and ruled over Uganda for 8 years. Estimates for the number of his opponents who were either killed, tortured, or imprisoned vary from 100,000 to half a million. He was ousted in 1979 by Ugandan nationalists, after which he fled into exile. Was this answer useful?"
},
{
"docid": "D991665#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dos_Santos\nSantos (surname)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Dos Santos)navigation search Santos Pronunciation ˈsɐ̃tus Origin Region of origin Portugal, Spain, Italy Word/Name Sanctorum (latin for saints)Meaning Saints Other names Variant (s) Dos Santos, De Los Santos, Spekpeko, De Santo, De Santos, Del Santo, Santi, Santis, Santiz, Senti, Sentis, Sanctorum Santos (originally Portuguese, Spanish or Italian for Saints (singular Santo )) is a surname of Christian origin in Portuguese and Spanish-speaking countries and the Philippines. It is a last name very common Christian origin among the poorest and descendants of slaves in the state of Bahia, the province with the largest number of slaves in Brazil, from the end of the Brazilian Empire and the abolition of slavery in Brazil, at the end of the nineteenth century, started to use surname Santos as identification toponymic origin of the Bay of All Saints. An example is a slave who had no name, after the abolition became Manuel Santos, Manuel a common name in Portuguese-speaking countries and Santos to indicate that was Bahian origin. It was also a way to shorten the names of Brazilians, if it were not so would: Manuel da Bahia de Todos os Santos (en: Manuel of the Bay of All Saints ). During the time of the Inquisition in Portugal and Spain and their domains many Jews who became New Christians adopted this surname, which was passed on to their descendants, today there are many decentmen of these ancient Jews who live in Brazil. There are also other Iberian grammatical forms that are De Santo, De Santos, Del Santo, Santi, Santis, Santiz, Senti, Sentis and others. It is a name associated with a great number of different people: Contents [ hide ]1 General2 Arts3 Politicians4 Sports5 Others6 Characters6.1 All My Children7 See also General [ edit]The Coat of arms of Alexandre Jose Maria dos Santos, who is a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Ahmed Santos (newspaper columnist) (born 1974), Mexican newspaper columnist and former boxer Alberto Santos-Dumont (1873–1932), Brazilian aviation pioneer Alexandre Jose Maria dos Santos, a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Alfredo M. Santos (1905–1990), former Filipino AFP chief of staff Domitila, Marchioness of Santos (1797–1867), Brazilian noblewoman and the mistress of Emperor Pedro I of Brazil Lúcia dos Santos, known as Sister Lúcia of Jesus, Portuguese Roman Catholic Carmelite nun and seer of Our Lady of Fatima Lúcio Alberto Pinheiro dos Santos (1889– 1950), Portuguese philosopher José Abad Santos (1886–1942), 5th Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines Mario Santos, Jr. (1940–2014), American peace officer Paulino Santos, (1890–1945), Filipino soldier Ricardo Santos (disambiguation)Rufino Jiao Santos (1908–1973), Filipino Archbishop of Manila and cardinal Santos Benavides (1823–1891), American soldier Vicente Abad Santos (1916–1993), Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines Arts [ edit]Santos (artist) (Sante Pucello, born 1971), Italian DJAntony Santos (born 1967), Dominican Bachata singer/composer Anthony \"\"Romeo\"\" Santos, Dominican-American songwriter, lead singer, and featured composer of Aventura Artur Carlos Maurício Pestana dos Santos (born 1941), known as Pepetela, Angolan writer Ary dos Santos (1937–1984), Portuguese poet Charo Santos (born 1955), Filipino actress and president of ABS-CBN Network Daniel Santos (singer) (1916–1992), Puerto Rican singer and composer Domingo Santos (born 1941), Spanish writer Emanuele Rodriguez dos Santos (c. 1702–1764) Portuguese-Roman architect Enrique Santos Discépolo (1901–1951), Argentinian musician Erik Ramos Santos (born 1982), Filipino singer Gervacio Santos, Filipino film editor Henry Santos Jeter, Dominican singer and composer/vocals for Aventura Jay Santos, Spanish dance singer Joe Santos (1931–2016), American actor Joly Braga Santos (1924–1988), Portuguese composer and conductor José dos Santos Ferreira (1919–1993), Portuguese-Macanese writer José Manuel Cerqueira Afonso dos Santos (1929–1987), known as Zeca Afonso, Portuguese singer, composer and poet Jovino Santos-Neto (born 1954), Brazilian musician Judy Ann Santos (born 1978), Filipino actress Lenny Santos, Dominican-American guitarist, producer/arranger for Aventura Lucélia Santos (born 1957), Brazilian actress, director and producer Matthew Santos (born 1982), American alternative music singer Max Santos, Dominican-American bassist for Aventura Mayra Santos-Febres (born 1966), Puerto-Rican writer Nelson Pereira dos Santos (born 1928), Brazilian movie director Pablo Santos (1987–2006), Mexican actor Rhea Santos (born 1979), Filipino TV news host and journalist Roberto Santos (1928–1987), Brazilian film director Vilma Santos, Filipino actress Politicians [ edit]Ahmed Santos (militant), Filipino convert to Islam and political militant Antonio da Costa Santos (died 2001), Brazilian architect and politician António dos Santos Ramalho Eanes (born 1935), Portuguese general and politician Conrad Santos (born 1934), Canadian politician Eduardo Santos Montejo, owned the El Tiempo newspaper, and served as the President of Colombia from August 1938 to August 1942Elvin Santos (born 1963), Honduras 2009 presidential candidate Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos (born 1950), Angolan politician Hélio de Oliveira Santos (born 1950), Brazilian physician and politician José Eduardo dos Santos (born 1942), Angolan politician and former president of Angola José Santos Guardiola (1816–1862), Honduran politician José Santos Zelaya (1853–1919), Nicaraguan politician Juan Manuel Santos Calderón, Colombian president Manuel António dos Santos (born 1943), Portuguese politician Marcelino dos Santos (born 1929), Mozambican politician Teresita Santos, politician from the Northern Mariana Islands Sports [ edit]Adilson dos Santos (born 1976), Brazilian footballer Airton Ribeiro Santos (born 1990), Brazilian footballer Alessandro dos Santos, Brazilian-Japanese footballerÁlvaro Santos (born 1980), Brazilian footballer André Bernardes Santos (born 1989), Portuguese midfielder footballer André Santos (born 1983), Brazilian Footballer Andréia dos Santos, Brazilian footballer Arwind Santos (born 1981), Filipino basketball player Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro, Portuguese footballer Daiane dos Santos (born 1983), Brazilian gymnast Daniel Santos (boxer) (born 1975), Puerto Rican boxer Djalma Santos (1929–2013), Brazilian footballerÉder dos Santos (born 1984), Mexican footballer Edgardo Santos (born 1970), Puerto Rican professional boxer Fausto dos Santos (1905–1939), Brazilian footballer Fernando Castro Santos (born 1952), Spanish football manager Fernando Santos (Brazilian footballer) (born 1980)Fernando Santos (Portuguese footballer) (born 1954), now a football manager Flavio Santos (born 1987), Mexican footballer Francileudo Santos (born 1979), Brazilian-born Tunisian footballer Georges Santos, French-born (born 1970), Cape Verdean footballer Giovani dos Santos (born 1989), Mexican footballer Héctor Santos (born 1944), Uruguayan footballer Iliarde Santos (born 1980), Brazilian mixed martial artist Jonathan dos Santos (born 1990), Mexican footballer Jorge Luis dos Santos (born 1972), Brazilian footballer José Mário dos Santos Mourinho Félix, Portuguese Football Manager Julio Santos (born 1976), Ecuadorian freestyle swimmer Junior dos Santos (born 1984), Brazilian mixed martial artist Kelly Santos (born 1979), Brazilian WNBA basketball player Leslie George Santos, Hong Kong footballer Luis Santos (baseball) (born 1991), Dominican baseball pitcher Luís Santos (water polo) (born 1980), Brazilian water polo goalkeeper Luíz Antônio dos Santos (born 1964), Brazilian long-distance runner Luís Fernando Rodrigues dos Santos (born 1983), Brazilian footballer Maicon Santos (born 1984), Brazilian footballer Manny Santos (boxer) (born 1941), Tongan/New Zealander boxer of the 1960s and '70s Marc Dos Santos (born 1977), Canadian soccer manager Marcílio Luís Evangelista dos Santos (born 1964), Brazilian footballer known as Santos Marco Aurélio Cunha dos Santos (born 1967), Brazilian footballer Maria Santos (swimmer) (born 1978), Portuguese swimmer Marílson Gomes dos Santos (born 1977), Brazilian distance-runner Neymar da Silva Santos, Jr. (born 1992)), Brazilian footballer Nicholas Santos (born 1980), Brazilian freestyle swimmer Nílton Santos (1925–2013), Brazilian football player Omir Santos (born 1981), Puerto Rican baseball player Paulo Jorge dos Santos Futre (born 1966), Portuguese footballer Ricardo Izecson dos Santos Leite \"\"Kaká\"\" (born 1982), Brazilian footballer Ricky Santos (born 1984), American Canadian football quarterback Rodney Santos (born 1973), Filipino professional basketball player Rodrigo dos Santos (born 1981), Brazilian water polo player Ronivaldo Santos Conceição (born 1972), Brazilian squash player Sergio Santos (born 1983), American baseball player Sérgio Santos (born 1975), Brazilian volleyball player Sidnei dos Santos, Jr. (born 1982), Brazilian volleyball player better known as Sidão Sueli dos Santos (born 1965), Brazilian javelin thrower Tiago Alencar dos Santos (born 1986), Brazilian footballer Victor Irving Santos (born 1976), Dominican-American baseball player Yanelis Santos (born 1986), Cuban volleyball player Others [ edit]Johan Santos (born 1987), Filipino television actor Keity Souza Santos, Brazilian immunologist Lulu Santos (born 1953), Brazilian singer and guitarist Riza Santos (born 1987), Filipino-Canadian beauty queen Tony Santos, Spanish funk/R&B singer Neil Santos, English Draughtsman Arnel Santos, Pilipinong \"\"POGI\"\" na taga Biñan, Laguna Characters [ edit]Santos Family, in the American soap opera Guiding Light Danny Santos Michelle Bauer Santos, a fictional character on the popular CBS daytime soap opera, Guiding Light Lúcio Correia dos Santos, a playable character in Overwatch. Matt Santos, character on the United States television show The West Wing Manny Santos (Degrassi: The Next Generation), char"
},
{
"docid": "D1179806#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_multiple_births\nList of multiple births",
"text": "\"List of multiple births From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For notable twins, see List of twins. This is a list of multiple births, consisting of notable higher order (4+) multiple births and pregnancies. Twins and triplets are sufficiently common to have their own separate articles. With the use of reproductive technology such as fertility drugs and in vitro fertilization (IVF) such births have become increasingly common. This list contains only multiple births which have some claim to notability, such as being the first recorded in a country, the first to survive to adulthood in a country, or the heaviest, lightest or longest lived (globally). Contents [ hide ]1 Cases by number1.1 Twins (2)1.2 Triplets (3)1.3 Quadruplets (4)1.4 Quintuplets (5)1.5 Sextuplets (6)1.6 Septuplets (7)1.7 Octuplets (8)1.8 Nonuplets (9)2 See also3 References Cases by number [ edit]Twins (2) [ edit]Main article: List of twins Triplets (3) [ edit]Main article: List of triplets Quadruplets (4) [ edit]The Smith quadruplets, born 1750 in Kinsale, a fisherman's wife. [ 1]Dominica, 1790: According to The Times, a Dr. Giuseppe of Dominica reported that an unnamed Afro-Dominican woman (enslaved servant) living on the estate of Thomas Jemmitt gave birth to four girls, three of them almost eighteen hours after the first was born. All survived birth. [ 2]The Gehri quadruplets (born September 26, 1880, in Switzerland) were the first recorded to have survived to adulthood. There were two boys (Oskar and Arthur) and two girls (Bertha and Rosa). ["
},
{
"docid": "D1795391#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education\nUnited States Secretary of Education",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Secretary of education\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Secretary of Education. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( November 2016) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Secretary of Education of the United States of America Seal of the Department of Education Flag of the Secretary of Education Incumbent Betsy De Vos since February 7, 2017United States Department of Education Style Madam Secretary Reports to President Seat Washington, D. C. Appointer The President with Senate advice and consent Constituting instrument 20 U. S. C. § 3411Formation November 30, 1979; 38 years ago First holder Shirley Hufstedler Succession Sixteenth [1]Deputy Deputy Secretary of Education Salary Executive Schedule, Level 1Website www2 .ed .gov Education in the United States By state and in insular areas By subject area History of Issues: Finance – Law – Literacy – Reform Levels: Pre-kindergarten – Primary – Secondary – Higher Organizations Education portal United States portalv t e The United States Secretary of Education is the head of the U. S. Department of Education. The Secretary advises the President on federal policies, programs, and activities related to education in the United States. As a member of the President's Executive Cabinet, this Secretary is fifteenth in the line of succession to the presidency. The current Education Secretary is Betsy De Vos, who was nominated by President Donald Trump and approved by the Senate on February 7, 2017. Contents [ hide ]1 Function2 List of Secretaries2.1 List of Secretaries of Health, Education, and Welfare2.2 List of Secretaries of Education3 Living former Secretaries4 References5 External links Function [ edit]The United States Secretary of Education is a member of the President's Cabinet and is the fifteenth in the United States presidential line of succession. ["
},
{
"docid": "D33773#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrison_Ford\nHarrison Ford",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For the unrelated silent film actor, see Harrison Ford (silent film actor). Harrison Ford Ford in March 2017Born July 13, 1942 (age 75)Chicago, Illinois, U. S. Occupation Actor producer Years active 1966–present Spouse (s) Mary Marquardt ( m. 1964; div. 1979)Melissa Mathison ( m. 1983; div. 2004)Calista Flockhart ( m. 2010)Children 5Harrison Ford (born July 13, 1942) is an American actor and film producer. He gained worldwide fame for his starring roles as Han Solo in the Star Wars film series and as the title character of the Indiana Jones film series. Ford is also known for his roles as Rick Deckard in the neo-noir dystopian science fiction film Blade Runner (1982) and its sequel Blade Runner 2049 (2017); John Book in the thriller Witness (1985), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor; and Jack Ryan in the action films Patriot Games (1992) and Clear and Present Danger (1994). His career spans six decades and includes roles in several Hollywood blockbusters; including the epic war film Apocalypse Now (1979); the legal drama Presumed Innocent (1990); the action film The Fugitive (1993); the political action thriller Air Force One (1997); and the psychological thriller What Lies Beneath (2000). Seven of his films have been inducted into the National Film Registry: American Graffiti (1973), The Conversation (1974), Star Wars (1977), Apocalypse Now (1979), The Empire Strikes Back (1980), Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) and Blade Runner (1982). As of 2016, the U. S. domestic box-office grosses of Ford's films total over US$4.7 billion, with worldwide grosses surpassing $6 billion, making Ford the second highest-grossing U. S. domestic box-office star. [ 1] [2] Ford is married to actress Calista Flockhart."
},
{
"docid": "D2572171#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Kaufman\nAndy Kaufman",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the entertainer. For the former basketball player, see Andy Kaufmann. Andy Kaufman Kaufman in the early 1980s Born Andrew Geoffrey Kaufman January 17, 1949 New York City, New York, U. S. Died May 16, 1984 (aged 35) Los Angeles, California, U. S. Cause of death Lung cancer Resting place Beth David Cemetery, Elmont, New York Nationality American Occupation Actor, performance artist, comedian Years active 1971–1984Style Anti-humor, cringe humor, character comedy, surreal comedy, improvisational comedy Television As Latka Gravas in Taxi (1978–1983)Partner (s) Lynne Margulies (1983/84–1984; his death)Children 1Andrew Geoffrey Kaufman (January 17, 1949 – May 16, 1984) [1] was an American entertainer, actor, writer, performance artist and professional wrestler. While often called a comedian, Kaufman described himself instead as a \"\"song and dance man\"\". [ 2] He disdained telling jokes and engaging in comedy as it was traditionally understood, once saying in a rare introspective interview, \"\"I am not a comic, I have never told a joke. ... The comedian's promise is that he will go out there and make you laugh with him... My only promise is that I will try to entertain you as best I can.\"\" [ 3]After working in small comedy clubs in the early 1970s, Kaufman came to the attention of a wider audience in 1975, when he was invited to perform portions of his act on the first season of Saturday Night Live. His Foreign Man character was the basis of his performance as Latka Gravas on the hit television show Taxi from 1978 until 1983. [ 4] During this time, he continued to tour comedy clubs and theaters in a series of unique performance art / comedy shows, sometimes appearing as himself and sometimes as obnoxiously rude lounge singer Tony Clifton. He was also a frequent guest on sketch comedy and late-night talk shows, particularly Late Night with David Letterman. ["
},
{
"docid": "D13217#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_White_House_Chiefs_of_Staff\nList of White House Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "List of White House Chiefs of Staff From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search The White House Chief of Staff is the head of the Executive Office of the President and the White House Office, and is generally responsible for overseeing the actions of the White House staff, managing the President's schedule, and deciding who is allowed to meet with the President. List of White House Chiefs of Staff [ edit]Chief of Staff Term of office Days Party President1 [Note]John Steelman (1900–1999)December 12, 1946 – January 20, 1953 2,231Democratic Harry S. Truman (1945–1953)2Sherman Adams (1899–1986)January 20, 1953 – October 7, 1958 2,086Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953–1961)3Wilton Persons (1896–1977)October 7, 1958 – January 20, 1961 836Republican4 [Note]Kenneth O'Donnell (1924–1977)January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963 1,036Democratic John F. Kennedy (1961–1963)5 [Note]Marvin Watson (1924–2017)February 1, 1965 – April 26, 1968 1,180Democratic Lyndon B. Johnson (1963–1969)6 [Note]James R. Jones (born 1939)April 26, 1968 – January 20, 1969 269Democratic7H. R. Haldeman (1926–1993)January 20, 1969 – April 30, 1973 1,561Republican Richard Nixon (1969–1973)Vacant April 30 – May 4, 1973 4 Republican8Alexander Haig (1924–2010)May 4, 1973 – September 21, 1974 505Republican Richard Nixon (1973–1974) and Gerald Ford (1974)9Donald Rumsfeld (born 1932)September 21, 1974 – November 20, 1975 425Republican Gerald Ford (1974–1977)10Dick Cheney (born 1941)November 20, 1975 – January 20, 1977 427Republican Vacant January 20, 1977 – July 18, 1979 909 Democratic Jimmy Carter (1977–1981)11Hamilton Jordan (1944–2008)July 18, 1979 – June 11, 1980 329Democratic12Jack Watson (born 1938)June 11, 1980 – January 20, 1981 223Democratic13James Baker (born 1930)January 20, 1981 – February 4, 1985 1,476Republican Ronald Reagan (1981–1989)14Donald Regan (1918–2003)February 4, 1985 – February 27, 1987 753Republican15Howard Baker (1925–2014)February 27, 1987 – July 1, 1988 490Republican16Kenneth Duberstein (born 1944)July 1, 1988 – January 20, 1989 203Republican17John Sununu (born 1939)January 20, 1989 – December 16, 1991 1,060Republican George H. W. Bush (1989–1993)18Samuel Skinner (born 1938)December 16, 1991 – August 23, 1992 251Republican19James Baker (born 1930)August 23, 1992 – January 20, 1993 150Republican20Mack Mc Larty (born 1946)January 20, 1993 – July 17, 1994 543Democratic Bill Clinton (1993–2001)21Leon Panetta (born 1938)July 17, 1994 – January 20, 1997 918Democratic22Erskine Bowles (born 1945)January 20, 1997 – October 20, 1998 638Democratic23John Podesta (born 1949)October 20, 1998 – January 20, 2001 823Democratic24Andrew Card (born 1947)January 20, 2001 – April 14, 2006 1,910Republican George W. Bush (2001–2009)25Joshua Bolten (born 1954)April 14, 2006 – January 20, 2009 1,012Republican26Rahm Emanuel (born 1959)January 20, 2009 – October 1, 2010 619Democratic Barack Obama (2009–2017)27 [ Ad interim] Pete Rouse (born 1946)October 1, 2010 – January 13, 2011 104Democratic28Bill Daley (born 1948)January 13, 2011 – January 27, 2012 379Democratic29Jack Lew (born 1955)January 27, 2012 – January 20, 2013 359Democratic30Denis Mc Donough (born 1969)January 20, 2013 – January 20, 2017 1,461Democratic31Reince Priebus (born 1972)January 20 – July 31, 2017 192Republican Donald Trump (2017–present)32John F. Kelly (born 1950)July 31, 2017 – present 253Republican Note De facto, as Appointments Secretary. Ad interim Pete Rouse served as ad interim White House Chief of Staff following the resignation of Rahm Emanuel and until the appointment of Bill Daley. References [ edit] [ show]v t e White House Chiefs of Staff [ show]v t e Executive Office of the United States President [ show]v t e White House Office Categories: White House Chiefs of Staff"
},
{
"docid": "D605250#0",
"title": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/biographies.aspx\nCurrent Members",
"text": "Current Members John G. Roberts, Jr., Chief Justice of the United States, was born in Buffalo, New York, January 27, 1955. He married Jane Marie Sullivan in 1996 and they have two children - Josephine and Jack. He received an A. B. from Harvard College in 1976 and a J. D. from Harvard Law School in 1979. He served as a law clerk for Judge Henry J. Friendly of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1979–1980 and as a law clerk for then-Associate Justice William H. Rehnquist of the Supreme Court of the United States during the 1980 Term. He was Special Assistant to the Attorney General, U. S. Department of Justice from 1981–1982, Associate Counsel to President Ronald Reagan, White House Counsel’s Office from 1982–1986, and Principal Deputy Solicitor General, U. S. Department of Justice from 1989–1993. From 1986–1989 and 1993–2003, he practiced law in Washington, D. C. He was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 2003. President George W. Bush nominated him as Chief Justice of the United States, and he took his seat September 29, 2005. Anthony M. Kennedy, Associate Justice, was born in Sacramento, California, July 23, 1936. He married Mary Davis and has three children. He received his B. A. from Stanford University and the London School of Economics, and his LL."
},
{
"docid": "D278724#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idi_Amin_Dada\nIdi Amin",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Idi Amin Dada)navigation search Idi Amin Amin pictured in 19733rd President of Uganda In office 25 January 1971 – 11 April 1979Vice President Mustafa Adrisi Preceded by Milton Obote Succeeded by Yusuf Lule Personal details Born Idi Dadac. 1923 –1928 Koboko, Uganda Protectorate Died 16 August 2003 (aged 74–80) Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Nationality Ugandan Spouse (s)Malyamu (divorced)Kay (divorced)Nora (divorced)Madina (widow)Sarah Kyolaba (widow)Children 43 (estimate) [1]Military service Allegiance Uganda (from 1962)United Kingdom (until 1962)Service/branch British Army (1946–62)Uganda People's Defence Force (1962–79)Rank Lieutenant (UK)Field Marshal (Uganda)Unit King's African Rifles (1946–62)Commands Commander-in-Chief of the Ugandan armed forces Battles/wars Mau Mau Uprising1971 Ugandan coup d'état Uganda–Tanzania War Idi Amin Dada ( / ˈ iː d i ɑː ˈ m iː n /; c. 1923 –28 – 16 August 2003) was a Ugandan politician and military officer. He was the President of Uganda from 1971 to 1979. Amin was born either in Koboko or Kampala to a Kakwa father and Lugbara mother. In 1946 he joined the King's African Rifles (KAR) of the British Colonial Army. Initially a cook, he rose to the position of lieutenant, taking part in British actions against Somali rebels in the Shifta War and then the Mau Mau rebels in Kenya. Following Uganda's independence from the United Kingdom in 1962, Amin remained in the armed forces, rising to the position of major and being appointed Commander of the Army in 1965. Aware that Ugandan President Milton Obote was planning to arrest him for misappropriating army funds, Amin launched a 1971 military coup and declared himself President. During his years in power, Amin shifted from being a pro-western ruler, enjoying considerable Israeli support to being backed by Libya's Muammar Gaddafi, Zaire's Mobutu Sese Seko, the Soviet Union, and East Germany. [ 2] [3] [4] In 1975, Amin became the chairman of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), a Pan-Africanist group designed to promote solidarity among African states. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2213972#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Bellisario\nDonald P. Bellisario",
"text": "\"Donald P. Bellisario From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Donald Bellisario)navigation search Donald P. Bellisario Bellisario at Leap Con, 1993Born Donald Paul Bellisario August 8, 1935 (age 82)Cokeburg, Pennsylvania, United States Nationality American Alma mater Pennsylvania State University Occupation Television producer, screenwriter Known for Magnum, P. I., Tales of the Gold Monkey, Airwolf, Quantum Leap, JAG, NCISSpouse (s) Margaret Schaffran (1956-1974; divorced) Lynn Halpern (1979-1984; divorced) Deborah Pratt (1984-1991; divorced) Vivienne Bellisario (1998-present)Children Joy Bellisario-Jenkins (b. 1956) Leslie Bellisario-Ingham (b. 1961) David Bellisario Julie Bellisario Watson Michael Bellisario (b. 1980) Troian Bellisario (b. 1985) Nicholas Bellisario (b. 1991) Sean Murray (stepson) Chad W. Murray (stepson)Military career Allegiance United States Service/ branch United States Marine Corps Years of service 1955–1959Rank Sergeant Donald Paul Bellisario (born August 8, 1935) [1] is an American television producer and screenwriter who created and sometimes wrote episodes for the TV series Battlestar Galactica (1978), Magnum, P. I. (1980), Tales of the Gold Monkey (1982), Airwolf (1984), Quantum Leap (1989), JAG (1995), and NCIS (2003). He has often included military veterans as characters. Contents [ hide ]1 Early life2 Television career3 Personal life4 Awards5 Television series created6 See also7 Notes8 External links Early life [ edit]Bellisario was born in Cokeburg, Pennsylvania [2] [3] to an Italian father, Albert Jethro, and a Serbian mother, Dana ( née Lapčević). [ 1] He served in the U. S. Marine Corps from 1955 to 1959, and attained the rank of Sergeant. [ 4]Bellisario earned a bachelor's degree in journalism at Pennsylvania State University in 1961. In 2001 he was named a Distinguished Alumnus—the highest honor bestowed on a graduate of Penn State. In 2006, Bellisario endowed a $1 million Trustee Matching Scholarship in the Penn State College of Communications. He recalled: Growing up in a hardscrabble western Pennsylvania coal mining town, I know first hand the sacrifices that are made to give a son or daughter a university education…and as a Marine veteran who returned to Penn State with two small children and little money, I remember all too well that struggle. It's my hope that this scholarship will also ease the financial burden of other young men and women who have defended our country to attain their academic goals. [ 5]On April 21, 2017 the Pennsylvania State University Board of Trustees voted to rename the College of Communications the Donald P. Bellisario College of Communications in recognition of a $30 million endowment from Bellisario."
},
{
"docid": "D1460392#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_from_Florida\nList of people from Florida",
"text": "\"List of people from Florida From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search State flag of Florida Location of Florida in the U. S. map This is a list of notable people who were born, raised or resident in the American state of Florida. This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries. Contents [ hide ]1 Business2 Politics and Government3 Film and television4 Literature5 Military6 Music7 Science and technology8 Sports9 Other10 Foreign-born Floridians11 See also12 References Business [ edit]Name Notability Connection to Florida James J. Greco (1958–) Businessman; chief executive officer and president of Sbarro Lives in Boynton Beach Politics and Government [ edit]Name Notability Connection to Florida Jeb Bush (1953–) former Governor of Florida (1999-2007), and brother of former president George W. Bushlived in Miami Bill Nelson (1942–) U. S. Senator from Florida since 2001, former U. S. Congressman from Florida (1979-1991) born in Miami Janet Reno (1938–2016) U. S. attorney general from 1993 to 2001; first woman to serve as attorney general born in Miami Marco Rubio (1971–) U. S. Senator from Florida since 2011, and unsuccessful candidate for president in 2016born in Miami Film and television [ edit]Name Notability Connection to Florida Elizabeth Ashley (1939–) Film and television actress Born in Ocala [ citation needed]Matt Battaglia (1965–) Film and television actor, producer, philanthropist Born in Tallahassee [ citation needed]Steven Bauer (1956–) Film and television actor Grew up in Miami [1]Amanda Bearse (1958–) Film and television actress Born in Winter Park [ citation needed]Shannon Bream (1971–) Reporter and anchor for Fox News Grew up in Tallahassee [2]Delta Burke (1956–) Television actress Born in Orlando [3]Tom Byrd (1960–) Television actor ( NBC 's Boone) Born in Philippine Islands; raised in Florida [ citation needed]Maria Canals-Barrera (1966–) Film and television actress Born in Miami [ citation needed]Diana Canova (1953–) Actress Born in West Palm Beach [ citation needed]Conlan Carter (1934–) Actor ( Combat! and The Law and Mr. Jones) Born in Arkansas; formerly resided in Naples [ citation needed]Jonathan Chase (1979–) Film and television actor Born in Plantation [ citation needed]Merian C. Cooper (1893–1973) Film director, screenwriter, and producer Born in Jacksonville [4]Brittany Daniel (1976–) Television and film actress Born in Gainesville [ citation needed]Johnny Depp (1963–) Film actor Raised in Miramar [5]Creagen Dow (1991–) Film and television actor Born in Sebring [ citation needed]Faye Dunaway (1941–) Academy Award-winning actress Born in Bascom [6]Gail Edwards (1952–) Film and television actress Born and raised in Coral Gables [ citation needed]John R. Ellis (1955–) Filmmaker, producer, director, animator, special effects artist Born in Ohio; raised in West Palm Beach [7]Raúl Esparza (1970–) Film, television, and stage actor Born in Miami [8]Charlie Estepp (1973–) Film television actor, stuntman, and screenwriter Born in Tampa Florida [9]Stepin Fetchit (1902–1985) Film actor and comedian Born in Key West [10]Megan Fox (born 1986) Film and television actress Partly raised in St. Petersburg [11]Josh Gad (1981–) Film actor, comedian, and singer best known for voicing Olaf from Frozen Born in Hollywood Robert Gant (1968–) Television actor Born in Tampa [ citation needed]Joanna García (1979–) Film and television actress Born in Tampa [ citation needed]Nicole Garza (1982–) Film and television actress Born in Miami [ citation needed]Matt Gerald Film and television actor Born in Miami [ citation needed]Malcolm Gets (1963–) Actor Born in Gainesville [ citation needed]Skyler Gisondo (1996–) Film and television actor Born in Palm Beach County [ citation needed]Julie Gonzalo (1981–) Film and television actress Raised in Miami [ citation needed]Mel Gorham (1959–) Film and television actress Born in Coral Gables [ citation needed]Ariana Grande (1993–) Actress, model, and singer Born in Boca Raton [ citation needed]Ashley Greene (1987–) Film and television actress Born in Jacksonville [ citation needed]Carla Gugino (1973–) Film and television actress Born in Sarasota [ citation needed]Tony Hale (1970–) Film and television actor Born in Tallahassee [12]Darrell Hammond (1955–) Comedian from Saturday Night Live; actor Born in Melbourne [13]Gina Hecht (1953–) Television and film actress Born in Winter Park [ citation needed]Wanda Hendrix (1928–1981) Film actress Born in Jacksonville [14]Catherine Hickland (1956–) Soap opera actress Born in Fort Lauderdale [15]Cheryl Hines (1965–) Actress Born in Miami Beach [ citation needed]Crystal Hunt (1985–) Soap opera actress Born in Clearwater [16]Jonathan Jackson (1982–) Actor Born in Orlando [ citation needed]Victoria Jackson (1959–) Film and television actress Born in Miami [ citation needed]Carter Jenkins (1991–) Film and television actor Born in Tampa [ citation needed]Sarah Jones (1983–) Film and television actress Born in Winter Springs [ citation needed]Victoria Justice (1993–) Actress, singer Born in Hollywood [ citation needed]Lawrence Kasdan (1949–) Film director and screenwriter Born in Miami [17]Arielle Kebbel (1985–) Film and televistion actress Born in Winter Park [ citation needed]Catherine Keener (1960–) Actress Born in Miami [18]Josie Loren (1987–) Television actress Born in Miami [ citation needed]Vinicius Machado (1982–) Film and television actor Raised in Orlando [ citation needed]Chris Marquette (1984–) Film and television actor Born in Stuart [ citation needed]Natalie Martinez (1984–) Model and actress Born in Miami [ citation needed]Velia Martínez (1920–1993) Actress and singer Born in Tampa [ citation needed]De Lane Matthews (1961–) Television actress Born in Rockledge [ citation needed]Monica May (1984–) Actress Born in Lakeland [ citation needed]Butterfly Mc Queen (1911–1995) Film and television actress Born in Tampa [ citation needed]Julio Oscar Mechoso (1955–) Film and television actor Born in Miami [19]Leighton Meester (1986–) Film and television actress Born in Marco Island [ citation needed]Katy Mixon (1981–) Film and television actress Born in Pensacola [ citation needed]Mandy Moore (1984–) Actress and singer-songwriter Grew up in Longwood [20]Jessica Morris (1980–) Soap opera actress Born in Jacksonville [21]Enrique Murciano (1973–) Film and television actor Born in Miami [ citation needed]Chris Núñez (1973–) Tattoo artist and subject of TLC's Miami Ink Born in Miami Beach [ citation needed]Victor Nuñez (1945–) Film director Born in De Land [ citation needed]Sarah Paulson (1974–) Film, stage and television actress Born in Tampa [ citation needed]Kimberly Peirce (1967–) Film director Born in Miami [22]Carlos Pena Jr. (1989–) Television actor and singer Born in Weston [ citation needed]Gina Philips (1975–) Film and television actress Born in Miami Beach [ citation needed]Summer Phoenix (1978–) Actress and model Born in Winter Park [ citation needed]Danny Pino (1974–) Film and television actor Born and raised in Miami [ citation needed]Sidney Poitier (1927–) Academy Award-winning actor Born in Miami [23]Brett Ratner (1969–) Film and music video director Born and raised in Miami Beach [ citation needed]Monica Raymund (1986–) Television actress Born in St. Petersburg [ citation needed]Ashley Rickards (1992–) Television actress Born in Sarasota [ citation needed]Genesis Rodriguez (1987–) Television actress Born in Miami [ citation needed]Maggie Rodriguez (1969–) Co-anchor of CBS 's The Early Show Born in Miami [24]Stephen Root (1951–) Film and television actor Born in Sarasota [ citation needed]Bob Ross (1942–1995) Television presenter and artist Born in Daytona Beach [25]Mickey Rourke (1952–) Film actor Raised in Miami [ citation needed]Maya Rudolph (1972–) Film and television actress Born in Gainesville [ citation needed]Rick Sanchez (1958–) Host of CNN's Rick's List Grew up in Hialeah [26]Pat Skipper (1958–) Film and television actor Born in Lakeland [ citation needed]Wesley Snipes (1962–) Actor and film producer Born in Orlando [ citation needed]Rachel Specter (1980–) Film and television actress Born in Tampa [ citation needed]Kirsten Storms (1984–) Television actress Born in Orlando [27]Bella Thorne (1997–) Television actress Born in Hollywood, Florida [ citation needed]Daniel Tosh (1975–) Television comedian Born in Germany; raised in Titusville [28]Wilmer Valderrama (1980–) Film and television actor Born in Miami [ citation needed]Del Vaughn (1942–1972) CBS News reporter and correspondent killed in helicopter crash in Pennsylvania during aftermath of Hurricane Agnes Considered St. Petersburg his hometown [29]Alexa Vega (1988–) Film and television actress Born in Miami [ citation needed]Ben Vereen (1946–) Actor, dancer and singer Born in Miami [30]Bob Vila (1946–) Television home improvement personality Born in Miami [31]Shea Whigham (1969–) Film and television actor Born in Tallahassee [ citation needed]Hugh Wilson (1943–) Film director Born in Miami [ citation needed]Literature [ edit]Name Notability Connection to Florida T. D. Allman (1944–) Exposed CIA secret involvement with the war in Laos and interviews with world figures; historian author of Finding Florida: The True History of the Sunshine State and Miami: City of the Future Born in Tampa [ citation needed]Dave Barry (1947–) Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist and best-selling author Born in Miami [32]Pat Frank (1907–1964) Author of Alas, Babylon Lived in Tangerine [33]Carl Hiaasen (1953–) Journalist and novelist Born in Plantation [34]Zora Neale Hurston (1891–1960) Author and folklorist during the Harlem Renaissance Raised in Eatonville [35]James Weldon Johnson (1871–1938) Author, poet, and civil rights activist Born in Jacksonville [36]Stetson Kennedy (1916-2011) Author of Palmetto Country and civil rights activist Lived in Jacksonville and St. Augustine David"
},
{
"docid": "D3456153#0",
"title": "http://www.tngenweb.org/greene/keith-cemetery/mullins.htm\n.",
"text": "HILL-RIDGE FAMILY CEMETERY Dickenson County, VALouise Stanley Mullins-born April 6, 1921; died October 3, 1998, “Wife of Thurman Gene”;“Daughter of Harrison B. Stanley & Phoebe Elizabeth Hill”; “Wife” Thurman Gene Mullins-born May 24, 1931; died November 20, 2003, “Husband”; “Son of Donald B. & Clarsie Mullins”A. J. EDWARDS CEMETERY Dickenson County, VAHenry A. Mullins-born February 25, 1889; died December 12, 1944, “At Rest”; “Son of Richard Mullins & Cynthia Stone” Tiny Prutina Edwards Mullins-born June 24, 1890; died October 6, 1974, “At Rest”; “Daughter of Joshua C. & Flora Edwards” Darrell Mullins-born 1920; died 1987, “Married 12-16-1947”; “Precious Memories” Malvia Mullins-born 1908; died 1928, “Wife of Darrell”; “Precious Memories” Shelby Jean Mullins-born March 9, 1937; died April 6, 1937, “Asleep in Jesus”ZION UNITED METHODIST CHURCH COMMUNITY CEMETERY Baileyton (Greene County) TNLisa Ann Mullins-born 1970; died 2001 Clyde Mullins-born 1914; died 1984 Lizzie Mullins-born 1913; died 2001, “Wife of Clyde Mullins” Emily J. Mullins-born July 28, 1891; died December 15, 1911 John A. Mullins-born October 23, 1858; died January 5, 1919 Mahala F. Mullins-born November 15, 1862; died May 25, 1935 Ben R. Mullins-born September 15, 1883; died May 25, 1913ROCK SPRING CEMETERY Walker County, Georgia Lula Mullins-born March 1, 1892; died February 13, 1920JIM DUTTON CEMETERY Ghost Rock (Dickenson County) Virginia Betty A. Mullins-born May 11, 1934; died December 27, 1997, “Married 8-22-1952” Billy R. Mullins-born May 8, 1937; died May 29, 2000 Carley M. Mullins-born March 7, 1911; died January 19, 1972, “Rest in Peace, Daddy” Cossie Mullins-born 1907; died 1974, “Husband of Nineva”; “Rest in Peace” Denny R. Mullins-born April 8, 1961; died September 16, 1990, “At Rest” Douglas Dale Mullins-born April 3, 1978; died May 18, 1978, “Of such is the Kingdom of Heaven” Eugene Mullins-born December 31, 1934; died November 13, 1976, “CPL USA Korea” Fred Mullins-born July 22, 1904; died September 16, 1998, “Husband of Versa” Gardenia B. Mullins-born January 30, 1937; died June 8, 1984, “Wife of Jackie C.” Hester M. Mullins-born May 22, 1917; died June 18, 1997, “Rest in Peace, Mommy” Jackie Charles Mullins-born October 21, 1930; died October 23, 1995, “USA/USAF Korea” Jack T. Mullins-born November 2, 1940; died August 9, 2000, “USA” Lizzie Mullins-born 1886; died 1970, “Prepare to meet me in Heaven”; “Wife of Tivis” Nineva Mullins-born 1908; died 2000, “Rest in Peace”; “Wife of Cossie” Tivis Mullins-born 1884; died 1974, “Prepare to meet me in Heaven” Versa Mullins-born September 20, 1908; no death date inscribed, “Wife of Fred”WRIGHT CEMETERY Tarpon (Dickenson County) VAJennifer Dawn Mullins-born May 6, 1961; died December 13, 1984HILL-RIDGE FAMILY CEMETERY Dickenson County, VAPauline Mullins Stanley-born June 9, 1933; died January 5, 1992, “Wife”; “Wife of Ray Stanley”MULLINS OLD LEBANON CEMETERY Dickenson County, VAJarvie Mullins-born 1904; died 1989, “Father” Johnny F. Mullins-born 1958; no death date inscribed Kelly Mullins-born December 25, 1898; died August 28, 1935, “Brother”; “Gone but not forgotten” Kile B. Mullins-born & died July 9, 1947, “Asleep in Jesus”; “Infant son of Bill & Vergie Mullins” Lilly M. Mullins-born April 1, 1917; no death date inscribed, “At Rest” Mandy M. Mullins-born March 25, 1879; died June 11, 1965, “Mother” Mary Mullins-born April 4, 1964; died June 17 (illegible), “….sleep (illegible)” Melvie C. Mullins-born November 27, 1869; died March 6, 1947, “Resting Till Resurrection Morn” Nanny Mullins-no dates inscribed, “Gone but not forgotten” Octavy Mullins-born February 29, 1903; died July 1, 1986 Paul L. Mullins-born October 2, 1924; died July 21, 1944, “KY Pfc USMC WWII” Polly Ann Mullins-born June 2, 1876; died September 30, 1915, “Mother”; “The Lord giveth & the Lord taketh away; Blessed be the name of the Lord” Prudie Mullins-born 1907; died 1982 Ralph Mullins-born February 17, 1907; died March 30, 1925, “Gone but not forgotten” Sampson Mullins-born October 3, 1872; died December 1, 1946, “The Lord giveth & the Lord taketh away; Blessed be the name of the Lord” Scott B. Mullins-born December 27, 1893; died June 2, 1964, “May He Rest in Peace”; “Clintwood Lodge 66 32nd Degree Mason” Shirlen Mullins-born December 6, 1900; died October 11, 1901 Vergie O. Mullins-born January 26, 1904; died November 15, 1985, “Mother”; “Wed 2-3-1947”; “Gone to be an Angel” Verna Mae Mullins-born April 3, 1927; died August 12, 2001, “Mother” Virginia Lynn Mullins-born & died 1950, “Our Darling Baby” Vonda B. Mullins-born August 30, 1902; died December 21, 1980 Willard E. Mullins-born 1896; died 1967, “Our loss is Heaven’s gain” William J. Mullins-born November 21, 1902; died March 2, 1984, “Father” William M. Mullins-born February 16, 1901; died May 23, 1987 Wilma F. Mullins-no dates inscribed, “Daughter of Mr. & Mrs. Vaudie” Jim Mullins-no dates inscribed Norman Mullins-no dates inscribed Andrew Jackson Mullins-born February 22, 1831; died April 9, 1917, “Resting Till Resurrection Morn” Bonnie Yvonne Mullins-born December 25, 1934; died April 29, 1935, “Age 4m 4 d”; “Sleep on, Darling Baby, Sleep on” Boyd Mullins-born August 8, 1873; died January 26, 1952, “At Rest” Brascue Mullins-born March 17, 1901; died May 19, 1991 Buford Mullins-born & died 1948, “Our Baby”; “In Heaven there is one angel more” Burley E. Mullins-born December 27, 1919; died August 30, 1989, “At Rest”; “CPL USA WWII” Carl Carlos Calvin Mullins-no dates inscribed, “A flower which budded on earth to bloom in Heaven” Carton Mullins-born 1921; died 2005, “Married March 25, 1941” Cathren Mullins-born 1876; died 1953, “At Rest”; “Mother” Cotella Mullins-born 1925; died 2005, “Wife of Carton” Delilia Ann Mullins-born June 13, 1916; died June 24, 1974 Emory Donald “DD” Mullins-born January 25, 1952; died September 13, 1987 Fancy J. Mullins-born June 13, 1949; died August 29, 1964, “Just A Sleep” Garcie Mullins-born December 3, 1925; died June 4, 1943, “Gone but not forgotten” Gary W. Mullins-born 1946; died 1961 Gaynell Mullins-no dates inscribed, “Daughter of Mr. & Mrs. Vaudie Mullins” Harold Mullins-born September 26, 1927; died June 28, 2000, “Married Feb. 23, 1950”; “Cpl USA WWII” Harold Mullins, Jr.-born & died 1961 Healtha E. Mullins-born 1906; died 1964, “Our Loss is Heaven’s Gain” Italy Ratliff Mullins-born April 5, 1903; died April 18, 1997, “Mother”OLD CHECOTAH CEMETERY Checotah (Mc Intosh County) Oklahoma Meda Mullen-born December 12, 1894; died October 20, 1907FAIRVIEW METHODIST CHURCH CEMETERY Jonesborough (Wash Co) TN 5Charles Kay Mullins-born February 10, 1920; died November 13, 1976, “USA WWII” Maxie N. Mullins-born October 10, 1923; died June 27, 2004, “Wife of Charles Kay” Bettie M. Mullins-born 1892; died 1971 Sam T. Mullins-born September 24, 1922; died January 2, 1951 Charles Roger Mullins-born & died June 20, 1945HARMON MULLINS CEMETERY Ghost Rocks (Dickenson County) VAMarilyn A. Mullins-born February 15, 1892; died April 23, 1959 Edna E. Mullins Adkins-born 1911; died 2002 Robert R. Mullins-born 1945; died 1968, “Together Forever” Nancy L. Mullins-born 1946; died 1968, “Wife of Robert”; “Together Forever” Robert D. Mullins-born September 19, 1966; died February 23, 1989, “Our Beloved Son” Elizabeth Mullins-no birth date inscribed; died April 7, 1883, “Wife of H. Mullins” Ernest C. Mullins-born August 4, 1898; died April 1, 1982, “Christ is my hope” Charles E. Mullins-born 1916; died 1990 Emma A. Mullins-born 1874; died 1948, “Wife of George M.” George M. Mullins-born 1868; died 1932, “Resting in hope of a Glorious Resurrection” Harmon Mullins-born 1841; died 1917, “Father”, “Corp. Co. K, 39th KY Infantry” Albert Mullins-born July 7, 1878; died March 26, 1966, “Brother”; “He loved his fellow man”YORKTOWN NATIONAL CEMETERY Yorktown (York County) VAJohn W. Mullen-no dates inscribed, buried in Block II, Tomb #426COUNTS CHAPEL MEMORIAL CEMETERY Clinchco (Dickenson Co) VARev. Billy Gene Mullins-born April 11, 1936; died April 11, 2000, “Amazing Grace, the Love of God, Oh what a Blessing.” Annabelle Mullins Puckett-born 1940; died 1999, “Married 1-9-1960”FULLER CEMETERY Laurel Branch, Hays (Dickenson County) VAChristina Mullins-one date only inscribed-June 14, 1883 Hannah M. Mullins-one date only inscribed-October 27, 1878 Minnie D. Mullins-born October 24, 1894; died September 24, 1975 Nancy J. Mullins-born December 12, 1856; died January 28, 1929 Lilburn Mullins-born September 3, 1855; died August 8, 1949 Nannie Mullins-born November 12, 1902; died December 9, 1974 Rhoda I. Mullins-one date only inscribed-April 6, 1877 Tildon Mullins-born November 24, 1890; died October 29, 1945 Una K. Mullins-born May 10, 1896; died July 6, 1993ANDREW J. & KEZZIAH VANOVER MULLINS CEMETERY- Little Doc Hollow (Dickenson County) VASarah Mullins-born April 30, 1879; died March 30, 1926, “Thy life was beauty, truth, goodness and love” A. J. “Little Andy” “Preacher Andy” Mullins-born May 13, 1859; died March 23, 1951, “Age 91 y 10 m 10 d”; “In God I trust” Kezziah Vanover Mullins-born May 11, 1860; died January 5, 1934, “Wife of A. J.”; “Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord” Duran Mullins-no dates inscribed* *He is believed to be the son of Harmon Mullins; he died very young Biddy Mullins-no dates inscribed* *Believed to be the daughter of A. J. & Kezziah Mullins; she was the first burial here Edward Everett Mullins-born March 28, 1910; died July 30, 1912, “Son of A. J. Mullins & Kezziah Vanover”WOODS CEMETERY Backbone Ridge (Dickenson County) VABenjamin F. Mullins-born October 23, 1927; died November 25, 1974, “PVT USA, Korea”JACK DUTTON MEMORIAL CEMETERY Wildcat Ridge (Dickenson Co) VADorothy S. Mullins-born 1909; no death date inscribed, “Wife of Freeman” Frances D. Mullins-born November 12, 1919; died February 3, 1990, “Wife of Hie A.”; “An inspiration to all who knew her” Freeman Mullins-born 1909; died 1980 Rev. Hie A. Mullins-born July"
},
{
"docid": "D3332050#0",
"title": "http://www.realitytvworld.com/realitytvdb/wiki/George_Hamilton_%2528actor%2529\nGeorge Hamilton (actor) (Courtesy Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)",
"text": "\"George Hamilton (actor) (Courtesy Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)}} George Stevens Hamilton (born August 12, 1939) is an American film and television actor. Early life Hamilton was the youngest son of bandleader George \"\"Spike\"\" Hamilton and his first wife, Ann Stevens (formerly Mrs. William Potter). He was born in Memphis, Tennessee, and lived in Blytheville, Arkansas. He won many awards as a student at Palm Beach High School, West Palm Beach, Florida. After moving to California, he was put under contract by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, which showcased him in films such as Home from the Hill, Your Cheatin' Heart, All the Fine Young Cannibals, Light in the Piazza and Two Weeks in Another Town . His stepfathers were Carleton Hunt and Jesse Spalding; his stepmother was June Howard, with whom Hamilton has said he had an affair when he was 12, shortly after she married his father. His elder half-brother, William Potter, became an interior decorator for such prestigious firms as Eva Gabor Interiors in Palm Springs, where Hamilton owned a home a few blocks away from Elvis Presley and his manager, Colonel Tom Parker, who became his good friend. Hamilton also has a younger brother, David Hamilton. Career Hamilton began his film career in 1952. Although he has a substantial body of work in film and television, he is perhaps most famous for his debonair style and his perfect and perpetual suntan ( Bo Derek writes in her autobiography, \"\"there was an ongoing contest between John [Derek] and George Hamilton as to who was tanner\"\")."
},
{
"docid": "D1680540#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomin_Talst\nNomin Talst",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can. ( May 2010) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Nomin talst Origin Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Genres Pop, pop rock Years active 1997 –2007Members Sükhee (1997–Present)Khayanaa (1997–Present)Deegii (1997–Present)Khaazaa (1997–Present)Past members Erdenetögs Erdenebayar Nomin talst ( Монгол: Номин талст) was a Mongolian boy band who was originally made up of D. Batsükh /also known as \"\"Sükhee\"\" Монгол: Сүхээ /, A. Khayankhyarwaa /also known as \"\"Khayanaa\"\" Монгол: Хаянаа /, T. Delgermörön /also known as \"\"Deegii\"\" Монгол: Дээгий / and T. Khangerel /also known as \"\"Khaazaa\"\" Монгол: Хаазаа /. The group's name is a combination of the names \"\"Nomin\"\" and \"\"Talst\"\". In 2000, Nomin talst released their album, Gerel suuder /features the title track \"\"Gerel süüder\"\"/. Nomin talst performed a final concert at the \"\"UB Palace\"\" in Ulaanbaatar on 27, 28 November 2007. Khayanaa joined the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party ( MPRP) in 2004. Contents [ hide ]1 Members1.1 D. Batsükh1.2 Amgalangyn Khayankhyarwaa1.3 T. Delgermörön1.4 T. Khan-gerel2 Discography3 Solo career3.1 T. Delgermurun3.2 A. Khayankhyarwaa3.3 D. Batsükh4 Awards5 References Members [ edit]D. Batsukh (Д. Батсүх) - Lead vocals/3rd Tenor Amgalangyn Khayankhyarwaa (Амгалангийн Хаянхярваа) - Lead vocals/2nd Tenor T. Delgermörön (Т. Дэлгэрмөрөн) - Lead vocals/1st Tenor T. Khan-gerel (Т. Хан-гэрэл) - Vocals/Baritone D. Batsukh Birth name D. Batsukh Born 17 October 1977 (age 40)Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Genres Pop Occupation (s) Singer–songwriter Years active 1995–present Associated acts Nomin talst Amgalangyn Khayankhyarwaa Birth name Amgalangyn Khayankhyarwaa Born 20 August 1980 (age 37)Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Genres Pop Occupation (s) Singer–songwriter Years active 1997–present Associated acts Nomin talst T. Delgermörön Birth name T. Delgermörön Born 27 November 1979 (age 38)Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Genres Pop Occupation (s) Singer Years active 1997–present Associated acts Nomin talst, Mister Dogs T. Khan-gerel Birth name T. Khan-gerel Born 17 April 1979 (age 38)Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Genres Pop Occupation (s) Singer Years active 1997–present Associated acts Nomin talst D. Batsükh [ edit]Sukhee (born Batsükh / Монгол: Д. Батсүх /, 17 October 1977, Ulaanbaatar) is an Mongolia pop star, and as a member of Nomin talst. He is tenor singing voice. After success with Nomin talst, the band decided in 2007 to move on to solo projects. Batsükh was the first, with his debut solo album, Khotiin khugjim, released on May 2007."
},
{
"docid": "D2744602#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_many_children_does_Donny_Osmond_have\nHow many children does Donny Osmond have?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Relationships Family Parenting and Children How many children does Donny Osmond have? Flag How many children does Donny Osmond have? Answer by Lilypada94 Confidence votes 1.7KDonny Osmond has five sons, one grandson and one granddaughter. Donald Clark Osmond, Jr. was born July 31, 1979. His son, Jeremy James Osmond was born June 8, 1981. His son, Brandon Michael Osmond was born January 29, 1985. His son, Christopher Glenn Osmond was born December 12, 1990 and his son, Joshua Davis Osmond was born February 16, 1998. His grandson, Dylan James Osmond was born August 21, 2005 to Jeremy and his wife, Melissa. His granddaughter, Emery Osmond was born February 25, 2008 also to Jeremy and his wife, Melissa.36 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Lilypada94How many children does Marie Osmond have?"
}
] |
8423 | who were the populists? what did they want? | [
{
"docid": "D2619161#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070205064723AA0s8MR\nWho were the populists and what did they advocate?",
"text": "Arts & Humanities History Who were the populists and what did they advocate? Follow 2 answers Answers Best Answer: Populists were generally western or southern farmers--both white and black. They were often in debt, they owed money to east coast bankers, and they were never able to get out of debt. They felt they were victims of big railroads, big corporations, and big government. They were led by Mary Elizabeth Lease, William Jennings Bryan, and James B. Weaver. They advocated the free and unlimited coinage of silver (NOT gold.) They advocated this because silver was cheaper and easier to get. They generally BORROWED money in the form of gold but they PAID it back in silver. They wanted the nationalzing of utilities (power companies, telephone companies, telegraph companies, railroads, etc...) so that prices would be regulated by the government. The Populists were not around for very long and they only had a couple of presidential candidates (James B. Weaver and Williams Jennings Bryan.)"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D303833#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/18960838/apush-26-flash-cards/\nAPUSH 26",
"text": "\"57 terms lexi6711APUSH 26Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Indian Territory area covering most of present-day Oklahoma to which most American Indians in the SE were forced to move in the 1830s Sioux Native Americans in the Dakotas. Massacred Custer at Battle of Little Bighorn. Many were later massacred at Wounded Knee in 1890; Displaced from the great lakes; transformed into nomadic traders and deadly buffalo hunters; almost extinguished bison Great Sioux Reservation where Native Americans were herded by the federal government after giving up their ancestral land for the promise of being left alone with food and clothing they were never sufficiently taken care of George Armstrong Custer the buckskin-clad \"\"boy general\"\" of Civil War fame, colonel and fought against Native Indians, wrote that Fetterman massacre \"\"awakened a bitter feeling toward the savage perpetrators\"\", announced that he had discovered gold in the Sioux reservation, led the Seventh Cavalry: Americans wanted revenge for his humiliation Bozeman Trail trial to the MOntana gold fields, Sioux war party wanted it to stop so they ambushed it not leaving a single soul, they mutilated the corpses disrespectfully, disrespect angered Custer and let to american vengeance. Sitting Bull inspired the aggravated Sioux people to attack, Chief Joseph hoped to rendezvous, took refuge in fort off the border of Canada after the Little Big Horn; inspiration engaged fighting to hold together Indian spirit and culture Battle of Little Big Horn 1876 Battle in the Black Hills of the Dakota Territory where Custer's Seventh Cavalry was massacred when they attempted to suppress the Sioux and return them to their reservation. Crazy Horse led the Sioux in battle, and killed every one of Custer's men. The Indians were later pursued over the plains and crushed in a series of battles. Chief Joseph Leader of Nez Perce. Fled with his tribe to Canada instead of reservations searching for Sitting Bull. However, US troops came and fought and brought them back down to reservations where he surrendered his men. Buffalo Bill Cody employed by the Kansas Pacific, and killed over 4,000 animals in 18 months Ghost Dance Spiritual revival in 1890 by Indians that would lead to the massacre at Wounded Knee Battle of Wounded Knee US soldiers massacred 300 unarmed Native American in 1890."
},
{
"docid": "D477174#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States)\nPeople's Party (United States)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the American political party, also known as the Populists, which existed from 1891 to 1919. For other American and worldwide parties using the term \"\"populists\"\", see Populist Party. For 1850s groups in Ohio and Indiana affiliated with the Anti-Nebraska movement and Know-Nothing party, see Fusion Party. For the American party with the same name which was active in the 1970s, see People's Party (United States, 1971). For the party existing in the Utah Territory from 1870–1891, see People's Party (Utah). People's Party Leader James B. Weaver William Jennings Bryan Thomas E. Watson Founded 1891Dissolved 1908Preceded by Farmers' Alliance Greenback Party Union Labor Party Merged into Democratic Party Ideology Agrarianism Bimetallism Populism Political position Left-wing Politics of United States Political parties Elections The People's Party, also known as the Populist Party or the Populists, was an agrarian - populist political party in the United States. For a few years, 1892–96, it played a major role as a left-wing force in American politics. It was merged into the Democratic Party in 1896; a small independent remnant survived until 1908. It drew support from angry farmers in the West and South. It was highly critical of banks and railroads, and allied itself with the labor movement. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2603425#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_B._Weaver\nJames B. Weaver",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other people named James Weaver, see James Weaver (disambiguation). James B. Weaver Member of the U. S. House of Representatives from Iowa 's 6th district In office March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1881March 4, 1885 – March 3, 1889Preceded by Ezekiel S. Sampson John C. Cook Succeeded by Marsena E. Cutts John F. Lacey Personal details Born James Baird Weaver June 12, 1833 Dayton, Ohio, United States Died February 6, 1912 (aged 78) Des Moines, Iowa, United States Political party Republican Greenback Populist Democratic Spouse (s) Clarrisa Vinson Weaver Profession Politician, lawyer Signature Military service Allegiance United States of America Service/branch Union Army Years of service 1861–1864Rank Brevet Brigadier general Colonel Commands 2nd Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment Battles/wars American Civil War James Baird Weaver (June 12, 1833 – February 6, 1912) was a member of the United States House of Representatives and two-time candidate for President of the United States. Born in Ohio, he moved to Iowa as a boy when his family claimed a homestead on the frontier. He became politically active as a young man and was an advocate for farmers and laborers. He joined and quit several political parties in the furtherance of the progressive causes in which he believed. After serving in the Union Army in the American Civil War, Weaver returned to Iowa and worked for the election of Republican candidates. After several unsuccessful attempts at Republican nominations to various offices, and growing dissatisfied with the conservative wing of the party, in 1877 Weaver switched to the Greenback Party, which supported increasing the money supply and regulating big business. As a Greenbacker with Democratic support, Weaver won election to the House in 1878. The Greenbackers nominated Weaver for president in 1880, but he received only 3.3 percent of the popular vote. After several more attempts at elected office, he was again elected to the House in 1884 and 1886."
},
{
"docid": "D2553859#0",
"title": "http://spartacus-educational.com/USApopulistP.htm\nPopulist Party",
"text": "\"American History > Political Figures and Parties > Populist Party▼ Primary Sources ▼Populist Party The Populist Party (originally the People's Party) was established in 1891 when the Knights of Labor and Farmers' Alliance joined forces. The party advocated the public ownership of the railroads, steamship lines and telephone and telegraph systems. It also supported the free and unlimited coinage of silver, the abolition of national banks, a system of graduated income tax and the direct election of United States Senators. William Peffer of Kansas and Tom Watson of Georgia became the party's first Senators in 1891. The following year, the party's presidential candidate, James Weaver, received 1,041,028 votes and won four states. In the mid-term elections of 1894 the party received 1,400,000 votes and elected six Senators and seven Representatives. In the 1896 presidential election the leaders of the Populist Party entered into talks with William J. Bryan, the proposed Democratic Party candidate. They thought they had an agreement that Tom Watson would become Bryan's running mate. After giving their support to Bryan he announced that Arthur Sewall, a conservative politician with a record of hostility towards trade unions, would be his vice presidential choice. This created a split in the Populist Party, some refused to support Bryan whereas others, such as Mary Lease, reluctantly campaigned for him."
},
{
"docid": "D2108988#0",
"title": "http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/india-prime-minister-narendra-modi-a-populist-populism-democracy-donald-trump-pro-hindu-4901786/\nIs Narendra Modi a populist?",
"text": "Written by Ashutosh Varshney | Updated: October 23, 2017 7:49:23 am The old narrative about Modi is, of course, still not dead, but a new one is trying to emerge. PTI Photo / PIBOver the last six months, I have participated in several panels on populism, spread as far apart as the United States, India and Australia. Some questions have repeatedly appeared: Is Narendra Modi a populist? Does Modi’s India share some political characteristics with Donald Trump’s US, Rodrigo Duterte’s Philippines, Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s Turkey, Viktor Or ban’s Hungary? The World Economic Forum’s recent India Summit in Delhi also had a panel on populism, where I spoke. This forum does not spend energy on arcane academic matters. It reflects what is uppermost in the minds of business leaders worldwide. Populism is now a larger concern. In 2014, soon after Modi’s rise to power, political analysts did not ask whether he was a populist. His 2014 victory, many argued, was based on a campaign whose two principal planks were, one, a rage against corruption and dynastic politics and, two, a fervent plea for governance and India’s economic revival."
},
{
"docid": "D1026264#0",
"title": "https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/2329478/italy-five-star-movement-beppe-grillo-no-campaign-matteo-renzi-referendum/\nWhat is Italyâs Five Star Movement, who is Beppe Grillo and how did its campaign sway Matteo Renziâs reforms referendum?",
"text": "\"ANTI-ESTABLISHMENT LEADERWhat is Italy’s Five Star Movement, who is Beppe Grillo and how did its campaign sway Matteo Renzi’s reforms referendum? Populist party that rails against the EU, corruption and globalism played leading role in 'No' campaign By NEAL BAKER and MARTIN PHILLIPS, Senior Feature Writer5th December 2016, 10:37 am Updated: 5th December 2016, 9:54 pm A REFERENDUM deciding the future of Italy's constitution led to the crushing defeat of Prime Minister Matteo Renzi's 'Yes' side against the 'No' campaign led by the Five Star Movement. The anti-establishment party fronted by comedian and blogger Beppe Grillo has gone from strength-to-strength since its founding in 2009. But what exactly does it stand for, who is its leader and what was its impact on the crucial referendum that many believe is a symptom of populists uprisings around the world? EPA 5What is Italy's Five Star Movement? The Five Star Movement is a recently-formed party that sees itself as above traditional left-right politics. Its populist stance sees it rail against EU bureaucracy, globalism and establishment parties and politicking. Getty Images 5Its five policy pillars or \"\"stars\"\" show its broad-church approach for gaining support. It advocates free water, sustainable transport, sustainable development, free internet access and environmentalism. These key issues have been expanded to encompass a general \"\"degrowth\"\" position of sustainable economics, zero-cost living, nonviolence and an isolated stance on foreign affairs."
},
{
"docid": "D2692235#0",
"title": "https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-us-history/period-6/apush-gilded-age/a/the-populists\nOverview",
"text": "Overview The Populists were an agrarian-based political movement aimed at improving conditions for the country’s farmers and agrarian workers. The Populist movement was preceded by the Farmer’s Alliance and the Grange. The People’s Party was a political party founded in 1891 by leaders of the Populist movement. It fielded a candidate in the US presidential election of 1892 and garnered 8.5% of the popular vote, which was a substantial amount of support for a third party. The Populists allied with the labor movement and were folded into the Democratic Party in 1896, though a small remnant of the People’s Party continued to exist until it was formally disbanded in 1908. Agrarian activism in the United States Beginning in the late nineteenth century, the nation’s farmers began to organize to defend their interests against what they perceived to be the interests of the Eastern establishment and banking elite. As the number of landless tenant farmers rose, and as the debts of independent farmers skyrocketed due to burdensome loan terms and interest rates from banks, discontent among the nation’s agrarian workers burgeoned. In 1876, the Farmer’s Alliance was established in Texas with the goal of ending the crop-lien system that had thrown so many farmers into poverty. The crop-lien system operated in the cotton-growing South, among sharecroppers and tenant farmers, both white and black, who did not own the land that they worked. These workers took out loans to obtain the seed, tools, and other supplies they needed to grow the cotton."
},
{
"docid": "D1512711#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_and_when_did_the_Populist_party_originate\nWhere and when did the Populist party originate?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Where and when did the Populist party originate? Flag Where and when did the Populist party originate? Answer by Dave Carlson Confidence votes 29.3KCAREER PASSION: Find something you would be willing to do for free the rest of your life and figure out a way to make money doing it. The People's Party, also known as the Populist Party, was founded in 1884 (probably in Mississippi) and disolved in 1908. The party was influential enough to win four states (Idaho, Nevada, COlorado, and Kansas) during the 1892 presidential election. They also received partial wins in Oregon and North Dakota.3 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Who supported the populist party?farmers What was the Populist party? This was a party that was republican and tried to get silver What did the Populist Party do? The Populist Party expanded, grew and did well in elections. The Populist Party was formed from the resent in the Gilded Age.cat kluss 99,538 Contributions What is the Populist Party?"
},
{
"docid": "D3337428#0",
"title": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/gary-cohn-not-secret-democrat-trumps-white-house-gaining-influence-critics-164830348.html\nGary Cohn, the not-so-secret Democrat in Trumpâs White House, is gaining influence â and critics",
"text": "Gary Cohn, the not-so-secret Democrat in Trump’s White House, is gaining influence — and critics Hunter Walker White House Correspondent, Yahoo News • April 8, 2017National Economic Council Director Gary Cohn is reportedly on the short list to replace Reince Priebus as White House chief of staff. ( Photo: Andrew Kelly/Reuters)More WASHINGTON — After weeks of infighting in the Trump White House, one adviser whose stock is clearly rising is the relatively little-known director of the National Economic Council, Gary Cohn — a registered Democrat who is widely regarded as one of the most liberal voices in the White House. A Trump ally told Yahoo News that Cohn has even earned a nickname among some administration officials and Capitol Hill Republicans: Globalist Gary. According to news reports published on Friday, President Trump is considering replacing chief of staff Reince Priebus, and Cohn is on the short list. A source close to the White House says the push for a shakeup is coming from Trump’s son-in-law and adviser, Jared Kushner, and is motivated not by ideology but by frustration over the administration’s “lack of ability to execute crisply and to mount any momentum” for the president’s agenda. Kushner and Vice President Mike Pence “are trying to come up with names of people who know how to get things done in Washington,” the source said. However, as usual, it’s difficult to make a clear forecast based on the rumblings in Trump’s White House, and some members of the inner circle are insisting that there will be no imminent shakeup. One source close to Kushner told Yahoo News that the rumors are completely “overstated. ”And while Cohn is in the mix if Priebus takes the fall for the White House dysfunction, the source who predicted a shakeup identified House Majority Leader Kevin Mc Carthy as the leading candidate for the chief of staff job. Mc Carthy’s advantage, the source indicated, is his presumed ability to get bills through Congress."
},
{
"docid": "D3539390#0",
"title": "http://www.ncpedia.org/fusion-republicans-and-populists\nFusion of Republicans and Populists",
"text": "\"Fusion of Republicans and Populistsby James L. Hunt, 2006See also: Farmers' Alliance; Populist Party; Republican Party; Round Knob Hotel Affair; Silver Fusion. Between 1894 and 1900 the North Carolina Republican and Populist Parties cooperated in state elections and in state government. That cooperation was labeled \"\"Fusion\"\" by its Democratic opponents, although Republicans and Populists maintained separate organizations and did not describe their actions as fusion. In the middle and late 1890s Republican-Populist cooperation resulted in newly configured delegations from North Carolina to the U. S. Congress, Populist-Republican control of the General Assembly, Republicans and Populists in state executive offices, and a non-Democratic state supreme court. A significant number of cooperationist officeholders were African American. Fusion produced the only departure from Democratic Party hegemony after Reconstruction. The origin of the so-called Fusion was the rise of the People's Party, or Populist Party, after years of economic depression and hardship had motivated small farmers, who suffered the most, to take political action. They formed the Farmers' Alliance, a national organization whose members subsequently became the central component of the Populist Party. North Carolinian Leonidas L. Polk was a primary leader of the Farmers' Alliance in the state, voicing its concerns in his publication, the Progressive Farmer, until his sudden death in 1892. During the 1892 election, many Republicans urged cooperation with Populists."
},
{
"docid": "D2968984#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Age_of_Reform\nThe Age of Reform",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search First edition (publ. Knopf)The Age of Reform is a 1955 Pulitzer Prize -winning book by Richard Hofstadter. It is an American history, which traces events from the Populist Movement of the 1890s through the Progressive Era to the New Deal of the 1930s. The Age of Reform stands out from other historical material because Hofstadter's main purpose for writing is not to retell an extensive history of the three movements, but to analyze the common beliefs of the reform groups in our modern perspective to elucidate historical distortions, most notably between the New Deal and Progressivism. [ 1] [2]Contents [ hide ]1 Contents2 Critics3 Notes4 References Contents [ edit]Hofstadter organizes The Age Of Reform chronologically, beginning with Populism. The key concept he introduces is \"\"the agrarian myth,\"\" the representation of the homage Americans have paid to the subsistence, innocent, and yeoman farmer of old. The myth became a stereotype since agriculture became more commercial and industrial. Populism's main cause for formation was the alleged loss of \"\"free land.\"\" Many Populist leaders believed that industry and government had a vendetta to destroy the agricultural business. The last chapter on Populism explains the agricultural prosperity after the Populist revolt because city migration lessened competition that had caused farmers to organize for the first time."
},
{
"docid": "D2944535#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/7761380/texas-legislature-flash-cards/\nTexas Legislature",
"text": "\"23 terms sdhanani14Texas Legislature Texas Legislature Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Yes Was the Texas Legislature in session in January 2011? No. Session take place every 2 years. ( odd numbers ) 2003,2005,2007,2009,2011,2013 Will it be in session in January 2012? Maximum of 30 but imposes no minimum. How long does a special session of the Texas Legislature last? The Governor Who has the authority to call a special session—the governor or the leaders of the legislature?150 members The US House of Representatives has 435 members. How many members are there in the Texas House of Representatives?31 The US Senate has 100 members."
},
{
"docid": "D3237340#0",
"title": "https://populismobserver.com/2017/06/15/populism-in-latin-america-a-double-interview/\nPopulism in Latin America: a double interview",
"text": "\"Populism in Latin America: a double interview June 15, 2017 June 15, 2017POP interviewed two scholars – Saskia Ruth and Bruno Castanho Silva – in order to understand the causes and consequences of populism, especially in Latin America. We discussed also about negative cases (why populism does not always show up when it is supposed to? ), use of violence, populist paradoxes, and direct democratic tools. From this dialogue emerged a (quite long and dense) interview full of relevant examples, concepts and arguments. It therefore constitutes a clear and comprehensive point of access to a broad variety of topics about populism in Latin America. Enjoy the interview. Y hoy, celebrando mi cumpleaños con toda la alegría de las bases de Fuerza Popular ¡gracias! pic.twitter.com/j Qco QJx QZy— Keiko Fujimori (@Keiko Fujimori) 27 maggio 20171) By comparing populist actors in Latin America and Europe, which ideas of “the people” and “the elite” emerge in the two contexts? In other words, which different types of populism are present in the two regions? Is it correct to portray them as inclusive and exclusive types of populism?"
},
{
"docid": "D465338#0",
"title": "https://www.proprofs.com/flashcards/story.php?title=chapter-17_66\nHistory Chapter 17",
"text": "\"History Chapter 1749 cards | Created by shelby2000 | 7 years ago Flashcards Memorize Quiz Match Gravity&n View Flashcards Preview Flashcards Front Back How did Samuel Gompers use the idea of freedom of contract? As an argument against interference by judges with worker's right to organize unions Alfred Thayer Mahan argued that for the United States to be a Great Power, it was imperative that it build a strong navy. What was not part of the Populist platform? Higher tariffs The election of 1896 is sometimes called the first modern presidential campaign. The Supreme Court decision United States v. Wong Kim Ark ruled that The Fourteenth Amendment gave Asians born in the United States citizenship. Between 1890 and 1906, black suffrage was all of the above The Teller Amendment stated that the United States would not anned Cuba William Mc Kinley justified annexation of the Philippines as the United States all of the above William Jennings Bryan ran for president in 1896 on the free silver platform. After the 1890's American Expansionism was fueld in part by the need for new markets. How did the Civil War come to be remembered by the 1890's as the white North and South moved toward reconciliation? As a tragic family quarrel among white Americans in which blacks played no significant part. Which statement about the Spanish-American War is true?"
},
{
"docid": "D607307#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/43912266/unit-1-review-flash-cards/\nUnit 1 Review",
"text": "\"36 terms ambermorgan2004Unit 1 Review Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Compromise of 1877 Republicans promised to remove last of Union troops from the South if Democrats from the South allowed Republican Rutherford B Hayes to win presidency after disputed 1876 election. The Redeemers/ goals and objectives 1. 1880s - Democratic majority reigned in every southern state - known as the Redemption. 2. Democratic office holders were known as Redeemers because they saved the south from federal intervention. 3. Most were middle class - lawyers, businessmen, or industrialists, few were planters with large estates - most served in the Confederacy and used experience, military service, and loyalty to the Lost Cause. 4. Interested in increasing economic opportunity and maintaining docile black labor force, kept taxes low, built railroads, textile mills, tobacco factories, steel plants, lumber industries, coal and phosphate mining - promised labor force that would work for low wages. 5."
},
{
"docid": "D1448831#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_was_Mary_Elizabeth_Lease_and_what_did_she_do\nWho was Mary Elizabeth Lease and what did she do?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Who was Mary Elizabeth Lease and what did she do? Flag Who was Mary Elizabeth Lease and what did she do? Edit Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. Mary Elizabeth\"\"Ellen\"\" Lease was a Populist Orator, she gave public speeches about the lack of respect that farmers had around te 1800s. Her most famous quote is that farmers should \"\" rise less corn and more hell.\"\" SHe livedin Kansas and joined the People's (Populist) Party and was so powerful and emotional speaker.3 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Herb123 52,046 Contributions Mary Elizabeth Lease? Answer She was an American writer,lecturer and political activist who paraticed Populism. She also backed Teddy Roosevelt for President in 1912. Edit Who did Marie elizabeth Oliver marry?"
},
{
"docid": "D3237339#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/government-politics/did-populist-party-fail-d6ad5b480840c926\nWhy Did the Populist Party Fail?",
"text": "\"Government & Politics Politics Political Parties Q: Why Did the Populist Party Fail? A: Quick Answer The Populist Party was also referred to as the People's Party, and the main cause of failure was confusion and discord among the party's own members, with many members favoring fusion with the Democratic Party and others favoring independence. In many ways, the Populist Party defeated itself, although some of the ideals survived. Theodore Roosevelt resurrected many of these ideals and expanded the regulation of corporations. Continue Reading Keep Learning Who Were the Populists? What Are the Accomplishments of the Populist Party? When Did the Populist Party End? Full Answer The Populist Party was fairly successful for a period of time, and many of its ideas have been adopted as law. However, in 1896, when Populists gained control of the Democratic Party and William Jennings Bryan was nominated for election by both the independent Populist Party and the Democrats, it was his eventual defeat that drove many Populists to abandon them for Democratic or Republican ideals. The silver issue was a major cause of the Populist Party's eventual downfall."
},
{
"docid": "D477173#0",
"title": "http://www.teachinghistory.org/history-content/ask-a-historian/25222\nSilverites, Populists, and the Movement for Free Silver",
"text": "\"Home » History Content » Ask a Historian Silverites, Populists, and the Movement for Free Silver Question Why were the people living in rural areas more likely to support \"\"free silver\"\" in 1896 than urban dwellers? Answer Gold bugs v. Silverites Political battles over currency issues became intensely divisive during the last quarter of the 19th century as industrialization accelerated in the Northeast, while the South and newly settled areas of the Midwest remained dependent on farming. From 1873 through the late 1890s, the U. S. suffered through two major economic depressions that heightened sectional and class conflict. By the 1896 election, designated by historian Walter Dean Burnham as “the first confrontation . . . among organized political forces over industrial capitalism,” positions on currency had solidified into a “battle of the standards.” “ Gold bugs” believed that a “sound” national economy must be based on the gold standard to ensure the dollar’s stability, guarantee unrestricted competition in the marketplace, and promote economic liberty. “ Silverites” believed that currency should be redeemable in silver as well as gold. They agitated for “free silver,” or unlimited coinage of silver, a metal that could be mined in abundance in the West, to produce an increased and more flexible money supply that they hoped would lead to a more equitable economy and foster social reforms. Farmers for Free Silver Congress had discontinued the minting of silver coins in 1873 in an act that came to be known as the “Crime of ’73.” Professor of government Elizabeth Sanders includes the demonetization of silver as one of a few significant policies of the period that led many working people, especially farmers, to believe that a “fraud against the people” was being “perpetrated by the national state on behalf of a financial elite.”"
},
{
"docid": "D1608491#0",
"title": "http://henryckliu.com/page157.html\n.",
"text": "\"The Shape of US Populism By Henry C. K. Liu Part I: Legacy of Free Market Capitalism Part II: Long-term Effects of the Civil War This article appeared in ATo L one March 14, 2008The long-term effect of the Civil War on the US economy was to accelerate the development of big business manufacturing in the North initiated by the demands of war production. The shortage of labor created by war conscription pushed industrialization in the Northeast, the spread of mechanized farming in the Middle West and the opening of new farms and mines in the West, with post-war decommissioned soldiers facing unemployment. Inflation reached 117% during the war years but wages rose only 43% in the name of patriotic sacrifice, yielding high war profit margins for corporations. War speculation fueled the rise of the finance sector, causing sharp disparity of income and wealth between financiers and workers hitherto unknown in the US economy. Protectionism and Corporatism The Republican Party before Lincoln raised tariff with the Morrill Tariff Act to 47% to protect domestic industries from foreign competition, and after Lincoln , to provide revenue to help finance war costs. In 1862, keeping the promise made by the Republican platform of the 1860 election, the Homestead Act became law. It granted all US residents, citizens or alien who had declare an intention to become naturalized the right to receive ownership title to 160 acres of free public land after he had lived and worked on it for 5 years. From the inception of the United States , there had been a clamor for ever-increasing liberalism in the disposition of public lands. From 1830 onward, free distribution of public lands became a demand of the Free-Soil Party, which saw such distribution as a means of stopping the spread of slavery into the new territories, and the policy was subsequently adopted by the Republican Party in its 1860 platform. The Southern states had been the most vociferous opponents of the homesteading policy, and their ill-fated secession cleared the way for its adoption by the victorious North."
},
{
"docid": "D708834#0",
"title": "http://www.course-notes.org/us_history/unit_notes/unit_six_1865_1900/reform_populism_in_the_1890s\nReform Populism In The 1890s",
"text": "\"Home » AP US History » Unit Notes » Unit 06 - 1865-1900Reform Populism In The 1890s Printer Friendly Reform Populism In The 1890s Populism emerged in the 19th century in order to reform the system from within. Creating the Populist Party with James Weaver as their presidential candidate, the Populists strove to bring their reforms into the political limelight. Although they did not succeed in electing their candidate to the presidency, many of their reforms were later enacted. Granger Movement: During the decade of the 1870s, U. S. farmers were beset with problems of high costs, debts, and small profits. the farmers made their grievances known through the Granger Movement. Membership peaked in the mid-1870s. There was little the farmers could do concerning prices. Only in 1877 did the Supreme Court rule that states could regulate businesses of a public nature. To counteract unjust business practices, the farmers were urged to start cooperatives such as grain elevators, creameries, and stores. Granger Laws: The Grangers in various states lobbied state legislatures in 1874 to pass maximum rate laws for freight shipment."
}
] |
8424 | who were the sumerians and what did they believe in? | [
{
"docid": "D2164044#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_religion_did_the_sumerians_believe_in\nWhat religion did the sumerians believe in?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Travel & Places Continents and Regions Mesopotamia Sumer What religion did the sumerians believe in? Flag What religion did the sumerians believe in? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. The Sumerians believed that the world was created out of an an ancient sea from whence the universe, gods, and people were created. They believed that the universe was ruled by these gods, who were anthropomorphic (they had human features and personalities) and who represented various natural phenomenon. Each Sumerian city-state had its own patron deity to whom the citizens paid homage. Temples, known as ziggurats, were often erected in the cities to honor and house each city's god. The city of Ur, for example, constructed a ziggurat for Nanna, the god of the moon. The key gods of the Sumerians were Enki (god of water), Ki (god of earth), Enlil (god of air), and An (god of heaven). These main gods were believed to have created the rules of Sumerian society to which all people were expected to adhere."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1759776#0",
"title": "http://www.sitchin.com/\n.",
"text": "\"About Zecharia Sitchin One of the few scholars able to read and interpret ancient Sumerian and Akkadian clay tablets, Zecharia Sitchin (1920-2010) based his bestselling The 12th Planet on texts from the ancient civilizations of the Near East. Drawing both widespread interest and criticism, his controversial theories on the Anunnaki origins of humanity have been translated into more than 20 languages and featured on radio and television programs around the world. Links to Recent Interviews or Appearances UFOs: The Lost Evidence - Episode 4 - April 15, 2017 - American Heroes Channel and available on Amazon Video Blog Talk Radio - Voice of Olympus - July 25, 2016Slooh.com and The canary Islands Observatory - January 23, 2016Far Out Radio - December 28, 2015The Conspiracy Show With Richard Syrett - November 22, 2015The Mind's Eye radio - October 21, 2015Blog Talk Radio - Earth Ancients Radio - August 8, 2015 - about 10 minutes into the broadcast Send email to Webmaster Please note that we are saddened that Zecharia passed away in October 2010. As a result, he is unable to reply personally to your inquiries. Please use this email to send information to the web master and to those handling his business issues. It will be forwarded to the appropriate parties. This cylinder seal, VA-243 in the Berlin Near Eastern Museum, shows the sun in the center (! ), surrounded by eleven orbiting bodies that include the Moon, Pluto and the yet to be recognized Planet X -- Nibiru. Is There a Nibiru? A Washington Post article from November 18, 2017 discusses a problem faced by NASA senior scientist, David Morrison, Ph."
},
{
"docid": "D3541521#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_is_sumer_important\nWhy is sumer important?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Travel & Places Continents and Regions Mesopotamia Sumer Why is sumer important? Flag Why is sumer important? Answer by Awesome Girl01 Confidence votes 74Fist of all, Sumer is where writing was born. Also, because Of the Ziggurats it has, and how the people grew as humans, ( for example the development of writing ) also, because of the famous architecture, arts, and weapons that the early sumerians created for survival. Another reason is because of how intelligent the Sumerians were and the development of not only writing, but also the development of crafts making. For example, jugs and jewelry made from all typed or natural resources (glass, sand, rocks, etc.) Another reason is something that all of us love to do. Listen to music, and dance. The Sumerians did enjoy this, and even us in the present day have carried on the old ancient civilization's traditions. Let's not forget about tradition!"
},
{
"docid": "D1694155#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/7199908/history-chapter-21-review-flash-cards/\nHistory Chapter 2.1 review",
"text": "34 terms agravois1History Chapter 2.1 review Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Climate of Mesopotamia desert climate Where is the Fertile Crescent? between Persian gulf and Mediterranean Sea in Southwest Asia. Where is Mesopotamia? It is a plain on the fertile crescent. What two rivers is Mesopotamia surrounded by? the Tigris and the Euphrates . They flow southeast to persian gulf. When did people first began to settle Mesopotamia?"
},
{
"docid": "D1562010#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion\nAncient Mesopotamian religion",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( June 2015) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)The god Marduk and his dragon Mušḫuššu Part of a series on Ancient Mesopotamian religion Primordial beings Seven gods who decree Other major deities Minor deities Demigods and heroes Spirits and monsters Tales Related topics Ancient Near Eastern religions Sumerian religion Babylonian religionv t e Part of a series on Religions of the ancient Near East Anatolia Ancient Egypt Arabia Canaan Persia Mesopotamia Sumer Semiticv t e Mesopotamian religion refers to the religious beliefs and practices of the civilizations of ancient Mesopotamia, particularly Sumer, Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia between circa 3500 BC and 400 AD, after which they largely gave way to Syriac Christianity. The religious development of Mesopotamia and Mesopotamian culture in general was not particularly influenced by the movements of the various peoples into and throughout the area, particularly the south. Rather, Mesopotamian religion was a consistent and coherent tradition which adapted to the internal needs of its adherents over millennia of development. [ 1]The earliest undercurrents of Mesopotamian religious thought date to the mid 4th millennium BC, and involved the worship of forces of nature as providers of sustenance. In the 3rd millennium BC objects of worship were personified and became an expansive cast of divinities with particular functions. The last stages of Mesopotamian polytheism, which developed in the 2nd and 1st millenniums, introduced greater emphasis on personal religion and structured the gods into a monarchical hierarchy with the national god being the head of the pantheon. [ 1] Mesopotamian religion finally declined with the spread of Iranian religions during the Achaemenid Empire and with the Christianization of Mesopotamia."
},
{
"docid": "D1904573#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/invented-first-drum-26dd155c95722d69\nWho Invented the First Drum?",
"text": "History Inventions Q: Who Invented the First Drum? A: Quick Answer While the inventor of the first drum is unknown, drums were first played around 6,000 B. C. in Mesopotamia by the ancient Babylonians and Sumerians. Drums may have been used prior to this by pre-civilized humans, but there is no direct evidence. Continue Reading Keep Learning Who Invented the First Pillow? Who Invented the Wheel? When Was the First Washing Machine Invented? Credit: Stefan Le Du Moment Getty Images Full Answer The first drummer cited by name in human history is Lipushiau, a woman from Ur in Mesopotamia, who was the head of Ekishnugal, Ur's most important temple. She is seen in reliefs with a round-framed drum, the balag-di. The very first rhythmic beating of objects likely originated with monkeys and other primates, which have been observed making rhythmic noises and gestures with their voices and with objects to communicate. This finding has led scientists to speculate that there may be a common gestural origin for speech and music amongst all primates, including humans."
},
{
"docid": "D1501477#0",
"title": "https://www.livescience.com/33380-comet-elenin-planet-nibiru-doomsday-2012.html\nBelievers In Mysterious Planet Nibiru Await Earth's End",
"text": "\"Live Science Space.com Believers In Mysterious Planet Nibiru Await Earth's End By Natalie Wolchover | July 5, 2011 06:25pm ETMOREArtist's conception of the rogue planet Nibiru, or Planet X. Credit: gilderm | sxc.hu Renowned astrophysicist Carl Sagan once described a \"\"baloney detection kit\"\" a set of tools that skeptical thinkers use to investigate any new concept. A few of the key tools include a healthy distrust of information that isn't independently verified, critically assessing an idea rather than becoming irrationally attached to it simply because it's intriguing, and a preference for simple explanations over wildly speculative ones. The waxing obsession with Nibiru, which conspiracy theorists say is a planet swinging in from the outskirts of our solar system that is going to crash into Earth and wipe out humanity in 2012 or, in some opinions, 2011 shows that an astonishing number of people \"\"are watching You Tube videos and visiting slick websites with nothing in their skeptical toolkit,\"\" in the words of David Morrison, a planetary astronomer at NASA Ames Research Center and senior scientist at the NASA Astrobiology Institute. Morrison estimates that there are 2 million websites discussing the impending Nibiru-Earth collision. He receives, on average, five email inquiries about Nibiru every day. \"\" At least a once a week I get a message from a young person ? as young as 11 ? who says they are ill and/or contemplating suicide because of the coming doomsday,\"\" Morrison told Life's Little Mysteries. What's the origin of this mass panic about Nibiru, which astronomers say doesn't exist? A suspect origin The idea that doomsday will result from a planetary collision was first proposed in 1995 by Nancy Lieder, a self-described \"\"contactee.\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D1845702#0",
"title": "http://www.openculture.com/2014/07/the-oldest-song-in-the-world.html\nListen to the Oldest Song in the World: A Sumerian Hymn Written 3,400 Years Ago",
"text": "\"Listen to the Oldest Song in the World: A Sumerian Hymn Written 3,400 Years Agoin History, Music| July 8th, 2014 86 Comments312.5k SHARESAdvertisement In the early 1950s, archaeologists unearthed several clay tablets from the 14th century B. C. E.. Found, WFMU tells us, “in the ancient Syrian city of Ugarit,” these tablets “contained cuneiform signs in the hurrian language,\"\" which turned out to be the oldest known piece of music ever discovered, a 3,400 year-old cult hymn. Anne Draffkorn Kilmer, professor of Assyriology at the University of California, produced the interpretation above in 1972. ( She describes how she arrived at the musical notation—in some technical detail—in this interview .) Since her initial publications in the 60s on the ancient Sumerian tablets and the musical theory found within, other scholars of the ancient world have published their own versions. The piece, writes Richard Fink in a 1988 Archeologia Musicalis article, confirms a theory that “the 7-note diatonic scale as well as harmony existed 3,400 years ago.” This, Fink tells us, “flies in the face of most musicologist’s views that ancient harmony was virtually non-existent (or even impossible) and the scale only about as old as the Ancient Greeks.” Kilmer’s colleague Richard Crocker claims that the discovery “revolutionized the whole concept of the origin of western music.” So, academic debates aside, what does the oldest song in the world sound like? Listen to a midi version below and hear it for yourself. Doubtless, the midi keyboard was not the Sumerians instrument of choice, but it suffices to give us a sense of this strange composition, though the rhythm of the piece is only a guess."
},
{
"docid": "D1774392#0",
"title": "http://www.ancientscripts.com/sumerian.html\n.",
"text": "\"Writing Systems Phonetics Historical Linguistics Interactive Resources Social About Search Topics Introduction Origins Types Families Regions Timeline A to ZRelated Scripts Akkadian Elamite Cuneiform Related Links Sumerian Language Page Sumerian Quick Facts Type Logophonetic Genealogy Cuneiform Location West Asia > Mesopotamia Time 3300 BCE to 100 CEDirection Variable BESbswy The Sumerians were one of the earliest urban societies to emerge in the world, in Southern Mesopotamia more than 5000 years ago. They developed a writing system whose wedge-shaped strokes would influence the style of scripts in the same geographical area for the next 3000 years. Eventually, all of these diverse writing systems, which encompass both logophonetic, consonantal alphabetic, and syllabic systems, became known as cuneiform. It is actually possible to trace the long road of the invention of the Sumerian writing system. For 5000 years before the appearance of writing in Mesopotamia, there were small clay objects in abstract shapes, called clay tokens, that were apparently used for counting agricultural and manufactured goods. As time went by, the ancient Mesopotamians realized that they needed a way to keep all the clay tokens securely together (to prevent loss, theft, etc), so they started putting multiple clay tokens into a large, hollow clay container which they then sealed up. However, once sealed, the problem of remembering how many tokens were inside the container arose. To solve this problem, the Mesopotamians started impressing pictures of the clay tokens on the surface of the clay container with a stylus. Also, if there were five clay tokens inside, they would impress the picture of the token five times, and so problem of what and how many inside the container was solved. Subsequently, the ancient Mesopotamians stopped using clay tokens altogether, and simply impressed the symbol of the clay tokens on wet clay surfaces."
},
{
"docid": "D706243#0",
"title": "http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/ciencia/ciencia_extraterrestrialtech02.htm\n.",
"text": "\"by Tim Swartz1997 from UFOLanding Strip Websiterecovered through Way Back Machine Website With the release of the book, The Day After Roswell, by Col. Philip Corso (ret). The controversial issue of whether or not the United States came into possession of extraterrestrial technology, has once again become a subject of contention among believers and skeptics alike. In his book, Col. Corso claims he spearheaded a super secret reverse-engineering project that \"\"seeded\"\" extraterrestrial technology into American corporations such as IBM, Hughes Aircraft, Bell Labs, and Dow Corning. These corporations had no knowledge of the extraterrestrial origins because Corso, through his contacts, had implied that the technology was clandestinely obtained from the Soviet Union. He describes the devices found aboard the Roswell craft, and how they became the precursors for today’s integrated circuit chips, fiber optics, lasers, night-vision equipment, super-tenacity fibers (such as Kevlar plastic armor), stealth aircraft technology, and \"\"Star Wars\"\" particle-beam devices. He also discusses the role that extraterrestrial technology played in shaping geopolitical policy and events, how it helped the United States surpass the Russians in space, spurred elaborate Army initiatives such as SDI (\"\"Star Wars\"\" Projects), and ultimately brought about the end of the Cold War. Col. Corso’s claims are nothing new to anyone familiar with UFO history."
},
{
"docid": "D815837#0",
"title": "http://www.ancientscripts.com/cuneiform.html\n.",
"text": "\"Quick Facts Type Logophonetic Genealogy Cuneiform Location West Asia > Mesopotamia Time 3300 BCE to 100 CEDirection Variable BESbswy The term \"\"cuneiform\"\" is very deceptive, in that it tricks people into thinking that it's some type of writing system. The truth is that cuneiform denotes not one but several kinds of writing systems, including logosyllabic, syllabic, and alphabetic scripts. In fact, \"\"cuneiform\"\" came from Latin cuneus, which means \"\"wedge\"\". Therefore, any script can be called cuneiform as long as individual signs are composed of wedges. Many languages, including Semitic, Indo-European, and isolates, are written in cuneiform, as the following list shows: Sumerian Eastern Semitic, including Akkadian, Assyrian, and Babylonian Elamite Eblaite Hittite Hurrian Utartian Ugaritic, in fact an alphabetic system unrelated to other cuneiform scripts except in outward appearance. Old Persian, a mostly syllabic system with a few logograms. Clay Tokens: The Precursors of Cuneiform The earliest examples of Mesopotamian script date from approximately the end of the 4th millenium BCE, coinciding in time and in geography with the rise of urban centers such as Uruk, Nippur, Susa, and Ur. These early records are used almost exclusively for accounting and record keeping. However, these cuneiform records are really descendents of another counting system that had been used for five thousand years before. Clay tokens have been used since as early as 8000 BCE in Mesopotamia for some form of record-keeping."
},
{
"docid": "D1021517#0",
"title": "http://www.doomsdayprophecies.info/nibiru-planet-x/\nNibiru Planet X, Nibiru 2013-2014, Comet Ison Nibiru, Nibiru Update",
"text": "\"Nibiru Planet X, Nibiru 2013-2014, Comet Ison Nibiru, Nibiru Update Nibiru, also known as the Twelfth Planet, Planet X or \"\" Planet of the Crossing \"\" is represented in ancient history by a cross and a winged disk. It is described by some as supposedly the twelfth member in the solar system’s family of planets which includes the 10 planets, the sun, and the moon. Some are warning that this wandering body is quickly nearing the Earth - and could cause global devastation. Contents Nibiru - Planet XWhat is the Planet X Scenario? What do they claim Planet X really is? Are there more than 9 planets in our solar system? Why is NASA Silent On Planet X? Sun's Nemesis Pelted Earth with Comets, Study Suggests The Footprint of Nemesis NASA ADS Astronomy Abstract Service Why Don't We See It? What Evidence Is There? Perturbations in the orbits of the planets Solar Weather Earth's magnetosphere Massive solar storm to hit Earth in 2012Earth Weather Sunspots more active than ever before Sunspots reaching 1,000-year high More Active Sun Means Nasty Solar Storms Ahead Earth changes What Will Happen When It Passes?"
},
{
"docid": "D2434294#0",
"title": "http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ling201/test4materials/Writing2.htm\n.",
"text": "\"The invention of writing It is virtually certain that writing developed on the basis of earlier existing pictographs and ideographs. Modern humans seem to have begun drawing pictures 40,000 years ago (San in SW Africa, Australian Aborigines, Cro Magnon in southwest Europe). True writing is thought to have been invented independently at least twice and perhaps three times in different places and times in human history: in ancient Sumeria by 3200BC--where a type of writing called cuneiform developed; and in ancient Mexico by the Olmecs before 400BC--the precursor to the Maya glyphs (used 200--1500AD). Writing may have been invented a third time independently: North China by 1200BC--the precursor of modern Chinese characters; In each of these three instances, it is believed that pictures began to be used to denote syllables of sound, not meaning alone. Today we will discuss these first syllabic systems in some detail. All of them are mixtures of pictograpic word-symbols and symbols for the sound of syllables. Let's look at the development of writing in Sumeria first. The Sumerians were a people who built a series of city states in the delta of the Tigres and Euphrates rivers after 3500BC. Their language was not IE or Semitic and is not known to be related to any other language. We do know that the Sumerians developed a writing system known today as cuneiform."
},
{
"docid": "D2327547#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/15749027/ancient-mesopotamia-flash-cards/\nAncient Mesopotamia",
"text": "\"66 terms Mrs_Bruni TEACHERAncient Mesopotamia Chapter 4 Mc Graw-Hill Ancient Civilization chapter Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortthe fertile cresent an arc of rich farmland in southwest asia, between the persian gulf and mediterranean seamesopotamia \"\"land between two rivers\"\"silt nutrient rich dirt that made the fertile cresent \"\"fertile\"\"polytheism belief in many godssumerians early groups of people in the fertile cresent that invented cuneiform, and a number system in base 60cuneiform writing. irrigation, wheel 3 biggest Sumerian inventionsepic of gilgamesh long poem including some of the richest and entertaining accounts of Mesopotamian myths, yet based in truth, about an Assyrian kingsargon of akkad conquerer that built the worlds first empirehammurabi king of babylonia from 1792 bc - 1750 bchammurabi's code 282 laws that Babylonian king wrote for his empiremediterranean sea sea west of the fertile cresenthittites first to yield iron weapon and pass technology on to the Assyriansassyrians great brutal empire around 700 bc , constructed librarieschaldeans Name the empire led by nebachapollasar, then by nebuchadnezzernebuchadnezzar king of the Chaldeans, built the hanging gardens, son of nebachapollasar Sargon The ruler of the first Mesopotamian Empirecity-state A village or city with rural area surrounding it. the region of Sumer was comprised of many of these.ziggurat This huge temple was made out of mud-bricks with sloped ramps and large terraces Tigris River This river was in the Fertile Crescent, only more to the north. Euphrates River This river was in the Fertile Crescent too, only more to the south.social class Groups with different levels of importance, usually based on wealth or power Hammurabi He was the ruler of the city/state of Babylon. He ruled between 1790 and 1750 B. C.scribe A person who writes things for others. Mesopotamia The area where present day Iraq is.domesticate To adopt an idea, to tame an animal, or to discover a plant for a human's own purposecuneiform The system of writing developed in Mesopotamia.polytheism A person who believes in 2 or more gods. Fertile Crescent The partial moon shaped land that held the Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, and Chaldean empires in Mesopotamia. Assyria These people controlled Mesopotamia by threat of brutal conquests."
},
{
"docid": "D2052816#0",
"title": "https://www.religiousforums.com/threads/are-jews-originally-canaanites.98892/\nAre Jews originally Canaanites?",
"text": "\"Welcome to Religious Forums, a friendly forum to discuss all religions in a friendly surrounding. Your voice is missing! You will need to register to get access to the following site features: Reply to discussions and create your own threads. Our modern chat room. No add-ons or extensions required, just login and start chatting!Access to private conversations with other members. We hope to see you as a part of our community soon!Are Jews originally Canaanites? Discussion in ' General Religious Debates ' started by Rainbow Mage, Jun 6, 2010 . Top Posters Page 1 of 41 2 3 4 Next >Rainbow Mage Lib Democrat/Agnostic/Epicurean-ish/Buddhist-ish Joined: Mar 28, 2010Messages: 11,210Ratings: +866Religion: UU/Atheist Did the twelve tribes of Israel originate in the nation of the Canaanites and it's seven tribes, as oppossed to the Biblical version of events? I was doing a little study on the Canaanite religion and it seems the Canaanites had many similarities with the Israelites, including their languages. The Hebrew and Canaanite language were very similar to one another, and yes, it turns out the Canaanites did call their deities Ba'als, according to the Canaanite reconstruction website anyway.#1Rainbow Mage, Jun 6, 2010fallingblood Agnostic Theist Joined: Nov 20, 2009Messages: 9,992Ratings: +504I would say yes.#2fallingblood, Jun 6, 2010Levite Higher and Higher Joined: Oct 4, 2009Messages: 6,610Ratings: +1,782Religion: Jewish The archaeological record concerning early Israelite Canaan is extremely sparse: what that period looked like is largely a matter of conjecture."
},
{
"docid": "D1892089#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/invented-math-18ca3e52e8f42908\nWho Invented Math?",
"text": "History Inventions Q: Who Invented Math? A: Quick Answer Different math applications were developed by different people, so no one person is credited with inventing math. Numbers, and as a result, math, has been around since 35,000 BC. Continue Reading Keep Learning Who Invented Hip Hop? Where Did Math Come From? Who Discovered Math? Full Answer In 35,000 BC, the Africans developed the first notched tally bones used for counting. The first modern counting and measuring system was developed by the Sumerians in 3100 BC and the first fully functional 10-number system was developed among the Egyptians in 2700 BC. As the years went on, newer forms of math were developed with mathematicians like George Peacock and Charles Babbage each making his own contribution to the math that is used today. Learn more about Inventions Sources: storyofmathematics.com Related Questions Q: When Was Math Invented?"
},
{
"docid": "D11801#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/place/Mesopotamia-historical-region-Asia\nHistory of Mesopotamia",
"text": "History of Mesopotamia, history of the region in southwestern Asia where the world’s earliest civilization developed. The name comes from a Greek word meaning “between rivers,” referring to the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, but the region can be broadly defined to include the area that is now eastern Syria, southeastern Turkey, and most of Iraq. The region was the centre of a culture whose influence extended throughout the Middle East and as far as the Indus valley, Egypt, and the Mediterranean. Mesopotamia An overview of Mesopotamia. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. This article covers the history of Mesopotamia from the prehistoric period up to the Arab conquest in the 7th century ce. For the history of the region in the succeeding periods, see Iraq, history of. For a discussion of the religions of ancient Mesopotamia, see Mesopotamian religion. See also art and architecture, Mesopotamian. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Mesopotamia to the end of the Old Babylonian period The origins of Mesopotamian history The background In the narrow sense, Mesopotamia is the area between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, north or northwest of the bottleneck at Baghdad, in modern Iraq; it is Al-Jazīrah (“The Island”) of the Arabs. South of this lies Babylonia, named after the city of Babylon."
},
{
"docid": "D267625#0",
"title": "https://exemplore.com/ufos-aliens/Did-Aliens-Build-Pyramids\nDid Aliens Build the Pyramids?",
"text": "Exemplore » UFOs & Aliens Did Aliens Build the Pyramids? Updated on September 24, 2016cryptid more With interests in science, nature, and the paranormal, cryptid explores fringe topics from a unique and sometimes controversial perspective. Is it possible that ancient aliens may have helped the Egyptians build the Great Pyramid of Giza? Aliens and Ancient Egypt The theory that aliens from another world may have assisted in building the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt might explain how some of the most amazing and mysterious engineering feats in human history were accomplished. Moving massive stone blocks, apparently quarried from many miles away, and assembling them into something so colossal and precise seems like an insurmountable task even today. How did people manage it so many thousands of years ago without the use of modern construction techniques? Logically, it appears the ancient Egyptians must have known something, or someone, that we don’t. Some say only access to advanced technology would have allowed them to create stone structures, some with blocks weighing in the neighborhood of 70 tons, with such perfect mathematical alignment. Then again, maybe we aren’t giving them the respect they deserve. The ancient Egyptians were awfully smart, so maybe they could well have built their own darned pyramids without any help from extraterrestrials."
},
{
"docid": "D1681278#0",
"title": "https://www.ancient.eu/ur/\nUr",
"text": "Ur was a city in the region of Sumer, southern Mesopotamia, in what is modern-day Iraq. According to biblical tradition, the city is named after the man who founded the first settlement there, Ur, though this has been disputed. The city’s other biblical link is to the patriarch Abraham who left Ur to settle in the land of Canaan. This claim has also been contested by scholars who believe that Abraham’s home was further north in Mesopotamia in a place called Ura, near the city of Harran, and that the writers of the biblical narrative in the Book of Genesis confused the two. Whatever its biblical connections may have been, Ur was a significant port city on the Persian Gulf which began, most likely, as a small village in the Ubaid Period of Mesopotamian history (5000-4100 BCE) and was an established city by 3800 BCE continually inhabited until 450 BCE. The Early Period & Excavation The site became famous in 1922 CE when Sir Leonard Wooley excavated the ruins and discovered what he called The Great Death Pit (an elaborate grave complex), the Royal Tombs, and, more significantly to him, claimed to have found evidence of the Flood described in the Book of Genesis (this claim was later discredited but continues to find supporters). In its time, Ur was a city of enormous size, scope, and opulence which drew its vast wealth from its position on the Persian Gulf and the trade this allowed with countries as far away as India. The present site of the ruins of Ur are much further inland than they were at the time when the city flourished owing to silting of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. From the beginning, Ur was an important trade center owing to its location at a pivotal point where the Tigris and Euphrates run into the Persian Gulf. From the beginning, Ur was an important trade center owing to its location at a pivotal point where the Tigris and Euphrates run into the Persian Gulf."
},
{
"docid": "D1769271#0",
"title": "https://www.amazon.com/Heather-Lynn/e/B00BT3LC9A\nHeather Lynn",
"text": "\"$9.99Paperback$5.50Paperback$7.99Paperback$14.99Paperback$5.99Kindle Edition Author Updates Blog post Origin of the Easter Basket So, I wanted to share a little Easter history with everyone, but I wanted to do something a little different than just focus on the pagan origins of the holiday itself. We often focus on the origin of the name of the holiday, etc. I thought instead, it would be interesting to look at the common tradition of the Easter Basket. There have been many cultural adaptations and interpretations of this custom, but all somewhat related. What are the origins of giving baskets of fake g 1 week ago Read more Blog post Free Love, Abortions, and Economics: The Surprising Origin of the Heart as a Symbol of Love ♥Have you ever wondered why we use the heart shape as a symbol of love? Anyone who has ever seen a real heart can tell you that this doesn't really look like this ♥. So what is the history behind this iconic Valentine's Day symbol? It all started in the ancient Greek city of Cyrene which is now part of modern-day Libya. Cyrene was a beautiful and wealthy city; whose prosperity came from the cultivation of the medicinal herb silphium. The seeds of this plant had th 2 months ago Read more Blog post The Next Chapter Begins... It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles, or where the doer of deeds could have done them better."
},
{
"docid": "D1980874#0",
"title": "http://home.earthlink.net/~lionlamb/Aliens.html\n.",
"text": "\"Canaanite Gods Primary in Pantheon Consort El or Dagon | | V Baal Asherah Ashtoreth Baal: Believed to give fertility to the womb & life-giving rain to the soil. He is pictured with a bull, a symbol of fertility & strength. Worship involved sacred prostitution & sometimes even child sacrifice. He was known as the son of Dagon or the son of El. Ashtoreth: Goddess of war & fertility who was associated with the evening star. She is also called the Queen of Heaven. The Many Faces of Baal & Ashtoreth Canaan Phoenicia Aram Babylon Sumer Greece Rome Baal Baal Hadad Adad & Bel-Merodack Ishkur Ashtoreth Ashtoreth Athtart Ishtar Inanna Astarte & Aphrodite Venus Babylonian Gods from Sumerian Texts Nibiru's ruler at dawn of Sumer: Anu Sons of (half brothers): Enki = Ea Enlil Some of the next generation: Dumuzi & Ziusudra & Marduk = Ra Ninurta & Nannar = Sin & Ishkur = Adad Daughters of Nannar: Inanna = Ishtar & Ereshkigal According to the Sumerians, these are the Anunnaki - \"\"Those Who from Heaven to Earth Came\"\" (from Nibiru to Earth). This information comes from the glossary of \"\"The Lost Book of Enki\"\" translated by Zecharia Sitchin. Some additional descriptions which are most enlightening: Antu: Spouse of Anu. Enki: Ea's epithet-title after the division of duties and powers between him and his half-brother and rival Enlil; father of Marduk ... fathered five other sons by concubines and also children by Earthling females. ("
}
] |
8425 | who were the original members of the eagles band | [
{
"docid": "D1207510#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagles_(band)\nEagles (band)",
"text": "\"\"\"The Eagles\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Eagles (disambiguation). Eagles The Eagles in 2008 during their Long Road Out of Eden Tour (left to right): Glenn Frey, Don Henley, Joe Walsh, Timothy B. Schmit (behind them is touring drummer Scott F. Crago)Background information Origin Los Angeles, California, U. S. Genres Rock country rock soft rockfolk rock Years active1971–1980 1994–20162017–present Labels Asylum Geffen Polydor Lost Highway Associated acts Linda Ronstadt J. D. Souther Jackson Browne James Gang Barnstorm Poco Longbranch Pennywhistlethe Flying Burrito Brothers Website eagles .com Members Don Henley Joe Walsh Timothy B. Schmit Past members Glenn Frey Bernie Leadon Randy Meisner Don Felder The Eagles are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1971. The founding members were Glenn Frey (guitars, vocals), Don Henley (drums, vocals), Bernie Leadon (guitars, vocals) and Randy Meisner (bass guitar, vocals). With five number-one singles, six Grammy Awards, five American Music Awards, and six number-one albums, the Eagles were one of the most successful musical acts of the 1970s. At the end of the 20th century, two of their albums, Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975) and Hotel California, were ranked among the 20 best-selling albums in the United States according to the Recording Industry Association of America. Hotel California is ranked 37th in Rolling Stone ' s list of \"\" The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time \"\" and the band was ranked number 75 on the magazine's 2004 list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. [ 1]The Eagles are one of the world's best-selling bands in history, having sold more than 150 million records [2] —100 million in the U. S. alone—including 42 million copies of Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975) and 32 million copies of Hotel California. Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975) was the best selling album of the 20th century in the U. S. [3] They are the fifth-highest-selling music act and the highest-selling American band in U. S. history. The band released their debut album, Eagles, in 1972, which spawned three top 40 singles: \"\" Take It Easy ,\"\" \"\" Witchy Woman ,\"\" and \"\" Peaceful Easy Feeling .\"\""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1207515#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071101144941AAgZNGl\n\"What are the names of the members of the music group \"\" Eagles\"\" ?\"",
"text": "\"Entertainment & Music Music R&B & Soul What are the names of the members of the music group \"\" Eagles\"\" ? Update: were there more than 4 members? Update 2: There were 5 members of the Eagles band, was \"\"Don Selder\"\" one of them? Update 3: Timothy B. Schimt, Don Henley, Joe Walsh & Glenn Fry were the original members. Was J D Souther also a member or was he just an occasional add on as well as other musicians? Follow 7 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: The current members are :~ Glenn Frey {guitar, keyboards, vocals} Don Henley {drums, vocals, lyrics} Joe Walsh {guitar, vocals} Timothy B. Schmit {bass, vocals} The former members are :~ Don Felder {guitar, vocals ~ 1974~1979} Randy Meisner {bass, vocals ~ 1971~1976} Bernie Leadon {guitar, vocals ~ 1971~1975Lady Silver Rose * Wolf · 1 decade ago1 0 Comment Asker's rating Original Eagles Band Members Source (s):https://shrinks.im/a8Vxsekleberry · 1 year ago0 0 Comment Eagles Band Members Names Source (s):https://shrink.im/a9vzdweafer · 2 years ago0 0 Comment Don Henley, Glenn Frey, Bernie Leadon, and Randy Meisner were the original 4 members when they formed they band in 1971. In 1974 they added Don Felder (the greatest guitarist of all time). They replaced Bernie Leadon in 1975 with Joe Walsh. In 1977 Timothy B. Schmit replaced Randy Meisner, and in 2001 Don Felder was kicked out of the band. Their current lineup is Don Henley (original member) Glenn Frey (original member) Joe Walsh Timothy B. Schmit Sophia · 2 years ago0 0 Comment This Site Might Help You."
},
{
"docid": "D2173820#0",
"title": "https://ontherecords.net/2017/07/the-doobie-brothers/\nThe Doobie Brothers",
"text": "July 13, 2017 by Phil Bausch The Doobie Brothers Virginia Beach, Virginia is where my mind goes when I hear The Doobie Brothers’ “Listen To The Music”. The moment was in 1972 when I was driving between home and work, and The Doobie Brothers’ first hit was coming out of the dashboard. I loved it. Their timing was perfect for the country rock sound. The Eagles had “Take It Easy” just a couple months earlier. Neil Young and America were on the charts. The acoustic singer-songwriter movement was strong. Even The Hollies had a country sounding “Long Cool Woman In A Black Dress”. “Listen To The Music” instantly sounded like a hit. “ What people need is a way to make them smile.”"
},
{
"docid": "D2578325#0",
"title": "http://collectorsmilitaria.com/headgear.html\n.",
"text": "\"Home Bayonets Belts & Buckles Books Flags & Banners Headgear Medals & Decorations Miscellaneous Ordering Terms Swords & Daggers Special Items Uniforms & Cloth News Contact Headgear!Updated 03-31-18!A nice late period WWII German EM customs visor. The out side of this visor is really nice. The colors are bright and the wool and leather are in excellant condition. The interior sweat band is a little salty but the rest of the interior is in nice condition. This visor came with a nice group of stuff that was brought back by an army Chaplin. Its priced to sell! Click on the picture below to see more images. $395A Very nice WWII German army tropical pith helmet. This is an excellent German tropical pith helmet. This is the 2nd pattern green felt variant of this pith helmet."
},
{
"docid": "D1316241#0",
"title": "http://topshelfoldies.org/champs.htm\n.",
"text": "\"The Champs – Tequila! by Gary Myers In the summer of 1975 I completed my first music article after interviewing Dale Norris, the original guitarist of the Champs, with whom I was working at that time. The article appeared in Record Exchanger #23 in 1977. After inquiries in early 1981, I decided to do more extensive research and rewrite the story in greater depth. That version of the story appeared in Goldmine#75, August 1982. In 2011 I did some rewriting and updating. The following people were credited in the 1982 Goldmine issue. Though I no longer remember some of them, I wish to again acknowledge their help, most of which was in my search for the band members: Richard Albrecht. Donnie Brooks, Tommy Couch, Bill Graham, Baird Jones, Lowrey Music, Lynn’s Records, Peter Martin, Musician’s Union Locals 167, 353 and 390. Alice Peters, Larry Roughton, and Bill Teal."
},
{
"docid": "D51435#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Seger\nBob Seger",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Bob Seger Seger performing in Fargo, North Dakota in 2013Background information Birth name Robert Clark Seger Born May 6, 1945 (age 72)Detroit, Michigan, U. S. Genres Rock heartland rockroots rock rock and rollpop rock hard rock Occupation (s)Musician singer-songwriter Instruments Vocals guitar piano Years active 1961–present Labels Hideout Cameo Capitol Palladium Associated acts Glenn Frey Eagles Shaun Murphy Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section Little Feat Kid Rock Grand Funk Railroad3 Doors Down Rod Stewart Website bobseger .com Robert Clark Seger ( / ˈ s iː ɡ ər /, born May 6, 1945) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist and pianist. As a locally successful Detroit -area artist, he performed and recorded as Bob Seger and the Last Heard and Bob Seger System throughout the 1960s. By the early 1970s, he had dropped the 'System' from his recordings and continued to strive for broader success with various other bands. In 1973, he put together the Silver Bullet Band, with a group of Detroit-area musicians, with whom he became most successful on the national level with the album Live Bullet (1976), recorded live with the Silver Bullet Band in 1975 at Cobo Hall in Detroit, Michigan. In 1976, he achieved a national breakout with the studio album Night Moves. On his studio albums, he also worked extensively with the Alabama -based Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section, which appeared on several of Seger's best-selling singles and albums. A roots rocker with a classic raspy, shouting voice, Seger wrote and recorded songs that deal with love, women and blue-collar themes and is an example of heartland rock. Seger has recorded many hits, including \"\" Ramblin' Gamblin' Man \"\", \"\" Night Moves \"\", \"\" Turn the Page \"\", \"\" Still the Same \"\", \"\" We've Got Tonight \"\", \"\" Against the Wind \"\", \"\" You'll Accomp'ny Me \"\", \"\" Shame on the Moon \"\", \"\" Like a Rock \"\", and \"\" Shakedown \"\", which was written for Beverly Hills Cop II (1987). Seger also co-wrote the Eagles ' number-one hit \"\" Heartache Tonight \"\", and his recording of \"\" Old Time Rock and Roll \"\" was named one of the Songs of the Century in 2001. With a career spanning six decades, Seger has sold more than 100 million records worldwide. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3178676#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_Texas_A%26M_University_terms\nGlossary of Texas A&M University terms",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Many terms are unique to, or hold a special meaning connected with, Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas. The University, often called A&M or TAMU, is a coeducational public research university and is the flagship institution of the Texas A&M University System. It opened in 1876 as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, the first public institution of higher education in that state. [ 1] In 1963, the Texas Legislature renamed the school to Texas A&M University to reflect the institution's expanded roles and academic offerings. The letters \"\"A&M\"\" no longer have any explicit meaning but are retained as a link to the university's past. [ 2]As a Senior Military College, Texas A&M is one of three public universities with a full-time, volunteer Corps of Cadets. It provides more commissioned officers to the United States Armed Forces than any other school outside the service academies. [ 3]Texas A&M University's history as an all-male military institution has led to a unique traditions and terminology. Some phrases come from traditions that include Aggie Bonfire and the athletics program. Others phrases are locations and landmarks around the campus."
},
{
"docid": "D1725418#0",
"title": "https://johnrieber.com/2016/03/01/the-birth-of-the-eagles-linda-ronstadts-back-up-band-had-a-peaceful-easy-feeling/\nThe Birth Of The Eagles! Linda Ronstadtâs Back-Up Band Had A âPeaceful Easy Feeling!â",
"text": "The Birth Of The Eagles! Linda Ronstadt’s Back-Up Band Had A “Peaceful Easy Feeling!”By johnrieber on March 1, 2016 • ( 11 )Meet The Eagles!The story of The Eagles is a fascinating one for so many reasons. They wrote some of the biggest hits of all time, like “Best Of My Love”, “Hotel California” and “Peaceful Easy Feeling”…I recently found a great article that explains how one of the biggest-selling groups of all time began as Linda Ronstadt’s backup band!Linda Ronstadt was one of the best singers of the 70’s, which big hits like “You’re No Good”, “Blue Bayou” and “Hurts So Bad”…and she was close friends with the musicians who would become The Eagles!Meet The Eagles!There is a great documentary that was made about The Eagles…a history of the band that includes incredible rare early footage of the band, along with candid interviews from all members…The original members of the band were Bernie Leadon, Glenn Frey, Don Henley and Randy Meisner…four musicians who played on a number of albums of the early 70’s – and they became good friends with one of the hottest singers of that era…Linda Ronstadt epitomized the LA music scene at the time, along with Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, Jackson Browne and James Taylor…In 2014, Ronstadt released her autobiography “Simple Dreams: A Musical Memoir” – and she told Billboard magazine about being part of the “birth of The Eagles”, who were her backup band!Here are some great of Ronstadt’s memories about the birth of the band, beginning with the first time she saw Don Henley play drums:“ [Producer] John Boylan was very active in helping me put a band together in those days. He knew all the musicians, and apparently Don Henley had already sent him some songs he had written. He’d heard me sing, he’d heard my records, he wanted to meet me and he came to L. A. hoping he could, and he had written some songs he hoped maybe I’d record. He sent them to John and they didn’t turn out to be good songs for me at the time, but I heard him play the drums when I was walking through the room at the Troubadour and I thought he was such a good drummer. He had country mixed with rock in a way that didn’t compromise either genre. So I said, ‘Let’s see if we can get him to play drums,’ and John went to talk to him and he said, ‘All right. ’“So we hired [Henley] to play drums. And then I needed a guitar player."
},
{
"docid": "D1207516#0",
"title": "https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-eagles-747821\nEagles",
"text": "\"Arts, Music, and Recreation ›Music Eagles Share Flipboard Email Print The cover of the biggest selling album of all time, \"\"Eagles - Their Greatest Hits 1971-1975\"\". Elektra Recordsby Dave White Updated November 30, 2017The Eagles were an American rock band that started in Los Angeles in 1971. With five No. 1 singles, six Grammy Awards, five American Music Awards, and six No. 1 albums, the Eagles were one of the most successful musical acts of the 1970s. At the end of the 20th century, two of their albums were among the 20 best-selling albums in the United States . Hotel California is ranked 37th in Rolling Stone 's list of \"\"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\"\" and the band was ranked number 75 on the magazine's 2004 list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. The Eagles are one of the world's best-selling bands of all time, having sold more than 150 million records — 100 million in the U. S. alone. \"\" Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975)\"\" was the best-selling album of the 20th century in the U. S. They are the fifth-highest-selling music act and the highest-selling American band in U. S. history. The Eagles released their self-titled debut album in 1972, which resulted in three top 40 singles: \"\"Take It Easy\"\", \"\"Witchy Woman\"\", and \"\"Peaceful Easy Feeling\"\"."
},
{
"docid": "D2416417#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Your_Eyes_(Yes_album)\nOpen Your Eyes (Yes album)",
"text": "\"Open Your Eyes (Yes album)From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Open Your Eyes Studio album by Yes Released 25 November 1997Recorded Summer 1997Genre Progressive rock pop rock Length 74: 12Label Eagle (UK) Beyond Music (US)Producer Yes Yes chronology Keys to Ascension 2 (1997) Open Your Eyes (1997) The Ladder (1999)Singles from Open Your Eyes\"\" Open Your Eyes \"\" Released: September 1997\"\"New State of Mind\"\" Released: 1997Open Your Eyes is the seventeenth studio album by the English rock band Yes, released in November 1997 by Eagle Records in the UK and by Beyond Music in the US. Following the departure of keyboardist Rick Wakeman and the addition of guitarist, keyboardist, and producer Billy Sherwood in 1997, Sherwood and bassist Chris Squire started to develop songs for an album by their own band, Conspiracy. They caught the attention of their new management who suggested to use some of their material for a new Yes studio album. Anderson and guitarist Steve Howe 's late involvement caused their creative input to be limited. Open Your Eyes received mixed-to-negative reviews from music critics and became one of the band's lowest selling albums, reaching number 151 on the US Billboard 200 and failing to enter the UK Albums Chart. Its lead single, \"\" Open Your Eyes \"\", reached number 33 on the Billboard Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart which was followed by a second, \"\"New State of Mind\"\". A limited edition with a surround sound mix was also released. Yes supported the album with a 12-month world tour from October 1997 that coincided with their thirtieth anniversary. The band were joined by Russian keyboardist Igor Khoroshev who had played on the album as a guest musician, and became a full-time member at the tour's conclusion. Contents [ hide ]1 Background2 Recording and music3 Release and reception4 Track listing5 Personnel6 References Background [ edit]By mid-1997, the Yes line-up of singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Steve Howe, keyboardist Rick Wakeman, and drummer Alan White had recorded Keys to Ascension (1996) and Keys to Ascension 2 (1997), two double albums containing live and studio material recorded in 1995 and 1996. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2034477#0",
"title": "http://www.classicbands.com/jamesgang.html\n.",
"text": "\"The James Gang In the early '70s, The James Gang was one of the top Hard-Rock acts in America. Formed in Cleveland in 1966, the band was originally conceived by drummer Jim Fox as a quintet, but was quickly scaled down to a power trio completed by bassist Tom Kriss and guitarist Glen Schwartz. Touring the Midwest United States, the band quickly gained a reputation as one of the best live acts around, but in April, 1969, Schwartz left to join a group called Pacific Gas And Electric, who would reach #14 in 1970 with \"\"Are You Ready?\"\". His replacement was Joe Walsh, who was lured away from a band called The Measles. Walsh re-energized the group with his innovative instrumentals and The James Gang released their debut recording, \"\"Yer' Album\"\", which rose to #83 on the Billboard charts later that year. The James Gang's second album, \"\"The James Gang Rides Again\"\" in 1970, was its most successful. Complete with a new bassist, Dale Peters, and a stronger batch of songs, including the #59 single \"\"Funk #49\"\", the album went Gold. After opening for The Who on their European tour, the band released \"\"Thirds\"\" in 1971, which also went Gold, and featured the singles \"\"Walk Away\"\" (#51) and \"\"Midnight Man\"\" (#80). A fourth album, \"\"Live in Concert\"\" marked the end of Walsh's term with The James Gang as he split for a solo career. Replacing Walsh were two Canadian musicians, singer Roy Kenner and guitarist Dominic Troiano, who had gained some notoriety in the Toronto area with a band called Mandela."
},
{
"docid": "D1501029#0",
"title": "http://eaglenews.org/entertainment-and-lifestyle/founding-member-of-the-eagles-band-glenn-frey-dies-at-age-67/\nFounding member of the Eagles band, Glenn Frey, dies at age 67",
"text": "Founding member of the Eagles band, Glenn Frey, dies at age 67By Jeffrey Maki | Jan 21, 2016 | Entertainment & Lifestyle, Music | 5 |Glenn Frey, a Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee and a founding member of iconic rock band the Eagles, passed away on Monday, Jan. 18 in New York City. He was 67 years old. Frey’s death is said to have been caused by a combination of ongoing medical battles including rheumatoid arthritis, acute ulcerative colitis and pneumonia. In a statement given by the Eagles’ manager, Irving Azoff, Frey endured an ongoing battle with rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the smaller joints in the hands and feet, for the past 15 years. Frey was taking several medications for his arthritis. “The colitis and pneumonia were side effects from all the (medications),” Azoff said in a statement. It was the side effects of these medications that ultimately led to his passing. Frey’s health was in turmoil for quite some time. In November, the band announced that they would be postponing their Kennedy Center Honors ceremony, which was supposed to take place in December the following year. The cancelation was due to Frey’s relapsing intestinal issue, which required Frey to undergo a major surgery that rendered a lengthy recovery time."
},
{
"docid": "D2382581#0",
"title": "http://www.funtrivia.com/en/music/eagles-1682.html\nEagles Trivia Questions & Answers : Music D-G",
"text": "\"Sections Quizzes Services New Player Log In Fun Trivia » Questions » Music » Music D-G » Eagles Eagles Trivia Questions & Answers : Music D-GThis category is for questions and answers related to Eagles, as asked by users of Fun Trivia.com. Accuracy: A team of editors takes feedback from our visitors to keep trivia as up to date and as accurate as possible. Related quizzes can be found here: Eagles Quizzes There are 185 questions on this topic. Last updated Oct 25 2017 . Search in topic: Previous 1 2 19 Next1 Which Eagles' song do these lyrics come from? \"\" She held me spellbound in the night, Dancing shadows and firelight\"\"From Quiz: Eagles' Lyrics (click to play it). Question by author Velvet_Rain. Answer: Witchy Woman\"\"Witchy Woman\"\" (1972) was written by Don Henley and Bernie Leadon and can be found on their first studio album \"\"The Eagles\"\" (1972). It got to number nine in the US. Among the influences for this song are the books written by Carlos Castaneda on shamanism.2 This is the opening verse of the title song, \"\"Long Road Out Of Eden\"\"."
},
{
"docid": "D3133620#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Homme\nJosh Homme",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Josh Homme Homme performing in December 2017Background information Birth name Joshua Michael Homme Also known as Baby Duck Carlo Von Sexron J. Ho Ginger Elvis DP Pete Zombie Zebra Born May 17, 1973 (age 44)Joshua Tree, California, U. S. Origin Palm Desert, California, U. S. Genres Alternative rock [1] [2]desert rock [3] [4] [5] stoner rock [6]hard rock [7]Occupation (s)Singer songwritermusician record produceractor Instruments Vocals guitar piano bass drums Years active 1985–present Labels Dali Elektra Roadrunner Bongload Man's Ruin Loosegroove Rekords Rekords Interscope Ipecac Southern Lord Matador Beggars Banquet Associated acts Kyuss Screaming Trees Queens of the Stone Age The Desert Sessions Mondo Generator Eagles of Death Metal Fififf Teeners Them Crooked Vultures Iggy Pop Website qotsa .com Joshua Michael Homme ( / ˈ h ɒ m i / HOM -ee; [8] born May 17, 1973) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, record producer, and actor. He is the founder and only continuous member of the rock band Queens of the Stone Age, in which he sings, plays guitar, as well as occasionally playing piano, drums, and bass. He also serves as the band's primary songwriter. Homme was formerly a guitarist and founder of the stoner rock band Kyuss. He co-founded and occasionally performs with Eagles of Death Metal, playing drums and bass for their studio recordings, and produces a musical improv series with other musicians, mostly from the Palm Desert Scene, known as The Desert Sessions. In 2009, he formed a new project called Them Crooked Vultures with Dave Grohl and John Paul Jones, who released their debut album that same year. In 2016, he released Post Pop Depression, an album with Iggy Pop. [ 9] He has been involved with numerous other projects, including Arctic Monkeys and Biffy Clyro. Contents [ hide ]1 Early life2 Career2.1 Kyuss (1987–1995)2.2 Queens of the Stone Age (1996–present)2.3 The Desert Sessions (1997–present)2.4 Eagles of Death Metal (1998–present)2.5 Them Crooked Vultures (2009–present)2.6 Other projects3 Personal life4 Pseudonyms5 Legal issues and controversy6 Musical equipment7 Discography8 Filmography9 References10 External links Early life [ edit]Joshua Michael Homme was born in Joshua Tree, California on May 17, 1973. [ 10] He grew up in an affluent family in Palm Desert, California."
},
{
"docid": "D2148920#0",
"title": "http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/things-eagles-hotel-california/story?id=36375155\n5 Things You Might Not Know About The Eagles' 'Hotel California'",
"text": "\"5 Things You Might Not Know About The Eagles' 'Hotel California'By VANESSA WILKINSJan 19, 2016, 12:49 PM ETTommaso Boddi/Wire Image/Getty Images WATCH Remembering Eagles Co-Founder Glenn Frey Email\"\"Hotel California\"\" is arguably the Eagles' most iconic song. The hit tune was a billboard chart-topper; it sold over 16 million copies in the U. S. alone and was on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for 19 weeks, peaking at No. 1. In 1978, the song won a Grammy award for Record of the Year. Here are five facts that you might not know about The Eagles' \"\"Hotel California. \"\"1. Glenn Frey was the mastermind behind the song's lyrics The late Glenn Frey penned the lyrics for the hit song along with band members Don Henley and Don Felder.2. The song is about \"\"excess in America\"\"While there have been many theories that contemplate what the song represents, the Eagles' band members have revealed in multiple interviews that the true meaning behind \"\"Hotel California\"\" is a commentary on the hedonism and self-indulgence of America. “It’s basically a song about the dark underbelly of the American dream and about excess in America, which is something we knew a lot about,” Henley said in a 2002 interview with \"\"60 Minutes. \"\" In 2005, Henley further explained the meaning of the song to Rolling Stone magazine, which placed \"\"Hotel California\"\" at no."
},
{
"docid": "D2034472#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gang\nJames Gang",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the rock band from Ohio. For the gang of outlaw Jesse James, see James-Younger Gang. For other uses, see James Gang (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( April 2014) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)James Gang James Gang in 1970; left to right: Joe Walsh, Dale Peters, Jim Fox Background information Origin Cleveland, Ohio, United States Genres Hard rock Years active 1966–1977, 1991, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2005–06, 2012Labels ABC MCA Atco One Way Records Associated acts The Who [1], Eagles Website james-gang-rides-again.com Past members Jim Fox Tom Kriss Phil Giallombardo Ronnie Silverman Greg Grandillo Dennis Chandler \"\"Mouse\"\" Glenn Schwartz Bill Jeric Joe Walsh Kenny Weiss Dale Peters Roy Kenner Domenic Troiano Tommy Bolin Richard Shack Bubba Keith Bob Webb Mark Avsec Bill Appleberry Gia Ciambetti Robbyn Kirmsse Stacy Michelle The James Gang was an American rock band formed in Cleveland, Ohio in 1966. [ 2] The band enjoyed moderate success with the singles \"\" Funk #49 \"\" and \"\" Walk Away ,\"\" and are perhaps best remembered as the first popular band to feature the guitarist / vocalist Joe Walsh, who would later go on to become a successful solo musician, as well as a member of the Eagles. Contents [ hide ]1 History1.1 Early years1.2 1970s2 Later years3 Discography3.1 Studio albums3.2 Live album3.3 Compilations3.4 Singles4 Band members4.1 Timeline5 References6 Further reading7 External links History [ edit]James Gang, ca. 1970, from the James Gang Rides Again photo session Left to right: Jim Fox, Dale Peters, Joe Walsh."
},
{
"docid": "D1107468#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enter_Sandman\nEnter Sandman",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Enter Sandman\"\"Single by Metallicafrom the album Metallica B-side\"\" Stone Cold Crazy \"\" (originally performed by Queen)\"\"Enter Sandman (Demo)\"\"\"\"Holier Than Thou\"\" (Work in Progress...)Released July 30, 1991Format7\"\" 12\"\" CD cassette Recorded June 16, 1991 at One on One Studios, Los Angeles Genre Heavy metal Length 5: 32Label Elektra Songwriter (s)James Hetfield Lars Ulrich Kirk Hammett Producer (s)Bob Rock James Hetfield Lars Ulrich Metallica singles chronology\"\" One \"\" (1989) \"\" Enter Sandman \"\" (1991) \"\" The Unforgiven \"\" (1991)Music video\"\"Enter Sandman\"\" on You Tube The original main riff from \"\"Enter Sandman\"\"Sample of the main riff from \"\"Enter Sandman\"\" as it was originally written by Kirk Hammett and before Lars Ulrich suggested to repeat the first part. This sample was taken from the DVD documentary, Classic Albums: Metallica – Metallica. Problems playing this file? See media help. \"\" Enter Sandman\"\"Sample of \"\"Enter Sandman\"\" from Metallica's 1991 album Metallica. In this sample, the main riff of the song can be heard in the beginning followed by the verse and the pre-chorus. The whole song evolved from the main riff, written by guitarist Kirk Hammett. Problems playing this file? See media help.\"\" Enter Sandman \"\" is a song by American heavy metal band Metallica."
},
{
"docid": "D878991#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ohio_State_University_Marching_Band\nOhio State University Marching Band",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from The Ohio State University Marching Band)navigation search Not to be confused with The Ohio State University Athletic Band. This article may be too long to read and navigate comfortably. The readable prose size is 57 kilobytes. Please consider splitting content into sub-articles, condensing it, or adding or removing subheadings. ( December 2007)The Ohio State University Marching Band School The Ohio State University Location Columbus, Ohio Conference Big Ten Founded 1878Director Christopher Hoch Members 228 (192 pregame marchers, 195 halftime marchers, 36 alternate members)Fight song \"\" Across the Field \"\", \"\" Buckeye Battle Cry \"\"Uniform Website http://tbdbitl.osu.edu The Ohio State University Marching Band ( OSUMB) performs at Ohio State football games and other events during the fall semester. It is one of the few collegiate all-brass and percussion bands in the country, perhaps the largest of its type in the world. [ 1] Its nickname is The Best Damn Band in the Land ( TBDBITL ). [ 2])Contents [ hide ]1 History1.1 2014 hazing scandal2 Performances and academics3 Composition3.1 Instrumentation3.2 Squad leaders3.3 Drum Major3.4 Student staff3.5 Directing staff3.6 Arranging staff3.7 Adjunct staff4 Traditions4.1 Script Ohio4.1.1 Honorary \"\"i\"\"-dotters4.2 Diamond Ohio4.3 Skull Session4.4 Ramp entrance4.5 Back bend4.6 Neutron Man5 Uniforms5.1 Early years5.2 1950s–1980s5.3 1988 remodel5.4 2006 changes5.5 2013 changes5.6 Drum Major uniform5.7 Director uniforms5.8 Blazer Uniform5.9 Gray Uniform6 Instruments6.1 Current instruments6.2 Previously used instruments7 Filmography8 Accolades9 Relationship with other marching arts10 References11 External links History [ edit]The 2008 Ohio State marching band performing before the Cleveland Browns season opening game of the 2008 season Military training was an important part of the early curriculum at Ohio State, and a band was formed to provide music to the cadets for drills. Organized in 1878, the Marching Band was first organized as a fife and drum corps and was sponsored by the Military Department. In 1881, a stolen mouthpiece incident, which prevented the Marching Band from performing, led the Military Department to end support."
},
{
"docid": "D3433145#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Henley\nDon Henley",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Don Henley Henley in October 2006Background information Birth name Donald Hugh Henley Born July 22, 1947 (age 70)Gilmer, Texas, U. S. [1]Origin Linden, Texas, U. S. Genres Rock pop rock country rocksoft rock folk rock hard rock Occupation (s)Singer lyricist producer Instruments Vocals drums percussionguitar Years active 1970–present Labels Asylum Geffen Warner Bros. Capitol Associated acts Eagles Joe Walsh Jackson Browne Bruce Hornsby Stevie Nicks Linda Ronstadt Trisha Yearwood Guns N' Roses Website donhenley .com Donald Hugh Henley (born July 22, 1947) is an American singer-songwriter, producer, and drummer, best known as a founding member of the Eagles before launching a successful solo career. Henley was the drummer and co-lead singer for the Eagles from 1971 to 1980, when the band broke up, and from 1994 to 2016, when they reunited. Following a year-long break due to Eagles founder Glenn Frey 's death, Henley reformed the band in summer 2017 for the Classic West and Classic East rock festivals, hiring Vince Gill and Deacon Frey to replace Glenn and becoming the last original member still with the group. Henley sang the lead vocals on Eagles hits such as \"\" Witchy Woman \"\", \"\" Desperado \"\", \"\" Best of My Love \"\", \"\" One of These Nights \"\", \"\" Hotel California \"\", \"\" Life in the Fast Lane \"\", \"\" The Long Run \"\" and \"\" Get Over It \"\". After the Eagles broke up in 1980, Henley pursued a solo career and released his debut album I Can't Stand Still, in 1982. He has released five studio albums, two compilation albums, and one live DVD. His solo hits include \"\" Dirty Laundry \"\", \"\" The Boys of Summer \"\", \"\" All She Wants to Do Is Dance \"\", \"\" The Heart of the Matter \"\", \"\" The Last Worthless Evening \"\", \"\" Sunset Grill \"\", \"\" Not Enough Love in the World \"\", and \"\" The End of the Innocence \"\". The Eagles have sold over 150 million albums worldwide, won six Grammy Awards, had five No. 1 singles, 17 Top 40 singles, and six No. 1 albums."
},
{
"docid": "D1157615#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drowning_Pool\nDrowning Pool",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the band. For other uses, see Drowning Pool (disambiguation). Drowning Pool Drowning Pool performing in 2014. Background information Origin Dallas, Texas, U. S. Genres Alternative metal hard rockpost-grunge heavy metalnu metal Years active 1996–present Labels Wind-up Eleven Sevene One Music Associated acts Voodoo Corps Soil AM Conspiracy Suicide Hook Flesh Parade [1]Website drowningpool .com Members C. J. Pierce Stevie Benton Mike Luce Jasen Moreno Past members Dave Williams Jason Jones Ryan Mc Combs Drowning Pool is an American rock band formed in Dallas, Texas in 1996. The band was named after the film The Drowning Pool. [ 2] Since its formation, the band has consisted of guitarist C. J. Pierce, bassist Stevie Benton and drummer Mike Luce, as well as a revolving cast of vocalists, the latest being Jasen Moreno. After the release of their debut album, Sinner (2001), original vocalist Dave Williams was found dead on August 14, 2002 [3] from heart disease. Jason Jones, who replaced Williams in 2003, recorded one album, Desensitized (2004), but left in 2005 due to musical differences. [ 3] Ryan Mc Combs of Chicago-based band SOi L, later replaced Jones and released two albums, Full Circle (2007) and Drowning Pool (2010), making it the first time Drowning Pool had not switched singers after just one album. [ 3] However, Mc Combs left the band in 2011 to rejoin SOi L. [3] Jasen Moreno was announced as Mc Combs' replacement in 2012, and the band has since recorded two albums with him: Resilience (2013) and Hellelujah (2016)."
},
{
"docid": "D116586#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditions_of_Texas_A%26M_University\nTraditions of Texas A&M University",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Texas A&M University Aggieland water tower The traditions of Texas A&M University are a key aspect of the culture of Texas A&M University. Some of the school traditions date to the 1890s, shortly after the opening of the school, while others have been introduced more recently. These traditions encourage current students and alumni (Aggies) to cultivate the Aggie Spirit, a sense of loyalty and respect for the school, and dictate many aspects of student life, including how to greet others, how to act at an A&M sporting event, and what words a student may use in conversation. The most visible tradition among senior class students and alumni (more commonly referred to as \"\"former students\"\") is the wearing of the Aggie Ring, whose design has been relatively unchanged since its introduction in 1894. Not all Aggie traditions are recognized by the university, and some, like Bonfire, have been discontinued for safety reasons. Texas Monthly states that the students' respect for school traditions and values is the university's greatest strength. [ 1]Incoming students are generally first exposed to traditions when they are greeted with the official Texas A&M greeting \"\"Howdy\"\". Since the 1950s, incoming students have been offered orientations, led by current students, which teach the various traditions, songs, and yells in current use. On campus, the Texas A&M University Corps of Cadets is known as the \"\"Keepers of the Spirit\"\" for its staunch defense of Aggie traditions. A subset of the Corps, the Fightin' Texas Aggie Band, is the official marching band of the university."
}
] |
8435 | why did meek mill go to jail | [
{
"docid": "D2510344#0",
"title": "http://hollywoodlife.com/2014/07/12/meek-mill-jail-rapper-sentenced-3-to-6-months-jail-parole-violation/\nMeek Mill: Rapper Sentenced To 3-6 Months In Jail For Parole Violation",
"text": "News World News12 Comments July 12, 2014 11:53AM EDTMeek Mill: Rapper Sentenced To 3-6 Months In Jail For Parole Violation Courtesy of Instagram View Gallery32 Photos. Avery Thompson Looks like Meek Mill is heading to jail. The rapper was sentenced to 3-6 months in jail for parole violation stemming from his 2008 drug and gun conviction, a new report claims. Meek Mill, 27, will be spending 3 to 6 months behind bars for parole violation, a new report says. After appearing in Philadelphia court on July 11, a judge sentenced Meek after believing he had violated his parole from a 2008 drug and gun conviction. Meek Mill: Rapper Sentenced To 3-6 Months In Jail For Parole Violation Rapper Meek Mill is heading back to jail. The 27-year-old was sentenced to 3-6 months in jail for violating his parole from a previous conviction, according to TMZ. Meek was on probation from a 2008 drug and gun conviction. He was sentenced 11 to 23 months in prison in 2008, but only served eight months. He began five years probation in 2009."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2944242#0",
"title": "http://www.northwestgeorgianews.com/catoosa_walker_news/news/wildlife-experts-weigh-in-on-mountain-lion-sightings-in-lafayette/article_628f6e92-4918-11e6-9d9e-e39f9721ef5e.html\nWildlife experts weigh in on mountain lion sightings in LaFayette",
"text": "\"Previous Watch NASA's live feed of the solar eclipse Click here for NASA TV live feed: Next Up Jacobs returning to the ring to settle the score with Dotson Wrestler Adam Jacobs is no stranger to the squared circle as…Wildlife experts weigh in on mountain lion sightings in La Fayette Josh O'Bryant, reporter Jul 13, 2016 ( …)Adult mountain lions have a tan-colored coat — much like the African lion — but are slighter in build with a head that is smaller in proportion to its body. ( Photo courtesy of Mountain Lion Foundation)Wildlife experts who’ve read about the recent mountain lion sightings in La Fayette are now giving statistical data regarding the matter. La Fayette police say three people — so far — have seen a mountain lion prowling the city. Shortly before 7 a.m. on Thursday, July 7, one was observed in the Dogwood Circle subdivision. Two more sightings occurred in the yard of a residence on Shipp Road and along Round Pond Road, La Fayette police Capt. Stacey Meeks said. The sightings have occurred over the past several weeks. Officers with The Georgia Department of Natural Resources’ Wildlife Resources Division searched the area around 12:30 p.m. until around 2 p.m. on Tuesday and claim they didn’t see any sign of a mountain lion, but said the ground was dry and retaining a possible print was very slim. “The wooded area behind the water tanks, where it was reported being heard, was not the most conducive environment to locate a track,” Meeks said. “ It was not a very good area to get a distinguishable track.”."
},
{
"docid": "D2744052#0",
"title": "http://www.startribune.com/minneapolis-shootings-up-sharply-particularly-on-north-side/375952531/\nMinneapolis shootings up sharply, particularly on North Side",
"text": "Minneapolis 375952531Minneapolis shootings up sharply, particularly on North Side Across Minneapolis, shootings are up 85 percent compared with the first quarter of 2015. By Libor Jany Star Tribune April 16, 2016 — 9:42pm Text sizeemail Printmore De Von Nolen looked up from her work Monday night to count the number of gunshots outside her bedroom window — five, maybe six, all coming from the direction of Newton Avenue N. She leapt out of bed to check on her 17-year-old niece and 8-year-old daughter, who had been awakened by the gunfire, Nolen later recalled, even though the sound of gunfire was nothing new to her. It’s an all-too-familiar soundtrack for this time of the night, in this part of Minneapolis. ”And if it’s not gunshots, it’s sirens,” Nolen said. A few hours later, a 23-year-old man stumbled into Methodist Hospital in St. Louis Park, telling staff he’d been shot earlier that night near Newton Avenue N. The late-night shooting last week in north Minneapolis’ Jordan neighborhood, as recounted by Nolen and in a police report, underscores the renewed violence that is surging across the city and has left police puzzling over how best to tackle the problem. As of April 11, 74 people had been shot in the city, an 85 percent increase over the 40 shot during the same period last year. Eleven neighborhoods spanning the city saw violent crimes such as rape, robbery or arson showing increases in 2015 compared to a five-year average. Map created by C. J. Sinner Criminologists caution against reading too much into early month crime statistics, and police say that in some respects, not much is different about this current surge in gun violence. Most shootings are clustered around fast-food restaurants and convenience stores, along busy transit corridors and anywhere where open-air drug dealing thrives. Although the uptick in violence has affected some neighborhoods in the city’s south and northeast sections that are rarely visited by crime, areas that have been persistent pockets of crime continue to see most of the shootings."
},
{
"docid": "D1688621#0",
"title": "http://www.tmz.com/person/nicki-minaj/\nNicki Minaj",
"text": "\"Home Celebs Nicki Minaj Nicki Minaj Powered by imdb Onika Tanya Maraj, better known as Nicki Minaj was born on December 8, 1982 in Saint James, Trinidad and Tobago and raised in Jamaica, Queens, New York. She grew up in a troubled family with a father that was a drug addict who later changed after he checked into rehab and started going to church. Minaj went to La Gaurdia High School and studied singing and acting. She was first spotted by the CEO of Young Money, and was later recruited for The Carter Edition of Young Money's own \"\"The Come Up\"\" DVD series. Her rapping skills caught the eyes of Lil Wayne who later worked with her for many collaborations with his mixtapes. In April 2007, Minaj released her first mixtape \"\"Playtime Is Over\"\". One year later she made another mixtape \"\"Sucka Free\"\" which made her Female Artist of the Year at the Underground Music Awards. In 2009 she made her third mixtape \"\"Beam Me Up Scotty\"\" which got positive reviews from BET and MTV. To date, Nicki has released 3 platinum selling studio albums, Pink Friday, Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded, and the most recent The Pinkprint See full bio on IMDb »LATEST STORIESNicki Minaj Courtside at Lakers For Andre Ingram's Insane Debut Nicki Minaj thought she was gonna sit courtside at a regular old Lakers game Tuesday night -- turns out, she had front row seats to one of the best rookie debuts EVER! Despite celebs like… READ MORE >- 4/11/2018 8:03 AM PDTSafaree Samuels Knows One of His Alleged Robbers Took Pic With Him & Nicki Safaree Samuels' armed robbery hits closer to home than he might've thought, cause he knows one of his alleged assailants very well ... TMZ has learned."
},
{
"docid": "D628968#0",
"title": "http://www.essence.com/2012/09/20/exclusive-jasmine-guy-kadeem-hardison-different-world-25-years-later\nEXCLUSIVE: Jasmine Guy & Kadeem Hardison on A Different World 25 Years Later",
"text": "Getty Images Jasmine Guy and Kadeem Hardison share their fondest memories of the iconic show. Derrick Taylor Sep, 18, 2012For six seasons, A Different World entertained America with a host of lovable Hillman College kids. Fast forward 25 years and Whitley Gilbert, Dwayne Wayne, Denise Huxtable and rest of the gang are still fan favorites. ESSENCE.com caught up Jasmine Guy, who played southern belle and upper-crust debutant Whitley, and Kadeem Hardison, who played the likable math wiz from Brooklyn Dwayne. The once on screen lovebirds chatted about their fondest memories, where their characters would be today, what they've been up to and more. ESSENCE.com: Were you aware how much of an influence you would have on America’s black youth? JASMINE GUY: No, I had no idea. I was so isolated in what we were doing. Going to the set, working on the role. Making sure that Whitley was as believable as possible."
},
{
"docid": "D3560452#0",
"title": "http://thegrio.com/2013/12/23/steve-harveys-ex-wife-arrested-for-contempt-of-court/\nSteve Harvey's ex-wife arrested for contempt of court",
"text": "Entertainment Steve Harvey's ex-wife arrested for contempt of court By carrieheals - December 23, 2013tweet Steve Harvey (Photo by Isaac Brekken/Getty Images for Clear Channel)Daytime talk show host Steve Harvey ‘s ex-wife has been jailed for 30 days for allegedly leaking information to the media while under a gag order. The entertainer and his former wife, Mary Vaughn Woolridge, divorced in 2005 after 16 years of marriage. The two were in a bitter custody battle over their son, who is now 16, and Harvey won custody. The case was sealed and under gag order, but Vaughn was arrested Thursday for contempt of court for allegedly leaking sealed information. “Am I angry? Yes,” Vaughn told Fox Dallas-Fort Worth. “ I missed six years of my son’s life and I can’t get those years back. ”Harvey’s attorney released a statement on the matter to Fox 4. It says in part: Please be advised that the Law Offices of Bobbie Edmonds represents. Mr. Steve Harvey, in the legal matter which has arisen from another episode of You Tube releases, which contain false, misleading, derogatory, defamatory, disparaging and malicious information about Mr. Harvey, his wife, and children by his ex-wife, Mary Vaughn Woolridge (current married name) and formerly known as Mary L. Harvey, individually, and through her agent, representative and co-conspirator, Essie Berry aka Essie Rerun Berry aka Essie Rerun Berry!"
},
{
"docid": "D3212882#0",
"title": "https://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100604201941AAaeuPI\n\"Have you got any \"\"Disbeliefs\"\" (In Tamil :Mooda Nambikkai)?\"",
"text": "\"Society & Culture Other - Society & Culture Have you got any \"\"Disbeliefs\"\" (In Tamil : Mooda Nambikkai)? One of my friend is a king in having disbeliefs. Once he wore a new banian and while going to the office in his two wheeler, he met with a minor accident. From that day onwards, he discarded wearing that particular brand of banians.9 following 15 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: you mean superstitious ? superstitiousnnu thamizhle sonna puriyum. sagunam = hope i mean nambikkai. please add '' aba '' now it is '' aba-sagunam '' abasagunam = superstitious == mooda nambikkai. poonai kurukke ponalum, edhiril oru brammanan vandhalum (rendu brammanan vandha nalla nambikkai) innum ennannovo solvaanga. enakku adhilellam nambikkai nambikkai....... suththama... saththam pottu solren... vundu.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!... Idhai aba sagunamnu solvanga."
},
{
"docid": "D3388559#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juelz_Santana\nJuelz Santana",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Juelz Santana Santana on July 26, 2005Background information Birth name La Ron Louis James Born February 18, 1982 (age 36)New York City, New York, U. S. Genres Hip hop Occupation (s)Rapper actor Years active 1995–present Labels Skull Gang Def Jam (current)Roc-A-Fella E1 (former)Associated acts Skull Gang The Diplomats Cam'ron Jim Jones Lil Wayne Chris Brown Lloyd Banks Yung Berg Mikkey Hastled Skyzoo Lil Durk La Ron Louis James (born February 18, 1982), [1] better known by his stage name Juelz Santana, is an American rapper and actor. He is from the Harlem neighborhood in New York City, and is a member of East Coast hip hop group The Diplomats. He appeared on Cam'ron 's 2002 singles, \"\" Oh Boy \"\" and \"\" Hey Ma \"\". In 2003, his debut album From Me to U was released by Roc-A-Fella Records; his next album What the Game's Been Missing! contained the top-ten single \"\" There It Go (The Whistle Song) \"\". Contents [ hide ]1 Biography1.1 1982–2001: Early life and early career1.2 2002–06: From Me To U and What the Game's Been Missing!1.3 2007–present: Mixtapes and Born to Lose, Built to Win2 Personal life3 Legal issues3.1 2018 gun charge4 Discography5 Filmography6 References Biography [ edit]1982–2001: Early life and early career [ edit]La Ron James was born in New York City, to an African-American mother and a Dominican father. [ 2] He was raised in the Harlem section of Manhattan and began rapping at the age of five. By age twelve he started a duo, Draft Pick, which was signed to Priority Records. [ 3] In 2000, at the age of 18, he made a guest performance on a track on Cam'ron 's album S. D. E. and eventually joined The Diplomats. [ 4]2002–06: From Me To U and What the Game's Been Missing! ["
},
{
"docid": "D2807288#0",
"title": "http://www.mundimago.com/country/united-states\nTrending topics in United States",
"text": "\"#tristanthompson Khloé Kardashian and Tristan Thompson: A timeline#barcelona'Romantada' - Roma's Champions League comeback vs. Barcelona stuns media#nationalsiblingday2018Jordan Rodgers Honors His Older Brother Luke on National Sibling Day — But ...#glennquinn Roseanne honors late cast member Glenn Quinn#paulryan Paul Ryan, the House Speaker, Will Not Seek Re-election in November#khloekardashian Pregnant Khloé Kardashian Shows Off Bare Bump in Selfies as She Prepares for ...#liverpool Liverpool have exceeded expectations, carrying England banner in Europe#benandjerrys You Can Get Unlimited Free Ben & Jerry's Ice Cream Tuesday for Free Cone Day#eltonjohn Tribute To Music Legend Elton John To Air Tuesday Night On CBS2#tjmiller TJ Miller, Former 'Silicon Valley' Star, Charged With False Bomb Report#siblingsday Jennifer Garner Posts Sweet Siblings Day Tribute to Her Sisters: 'I Am the ...#sethmeyers Seth Meyers Wonders if the Cohen Raid Spells Doom for the President#andreingram Andre Ingram Got a Cup of Coffee and Turned It Into a Shooting Show#siblingsday201817 National Siblings Day quotes to show your bro/sis you love them on Instagram#nationalsiblingsday Jordan Rodgers Honors His Older Brother Luke on National Sibling Day — But ...#nickiminaj Nicki Minaj Wears Studded Leather and Lots of Latex to the Lakers Game#meekmill Who is rapper Meek Mill and why is Robert Kraft visiting him in prison?#paigevanzant UFC's Paige Van Zant opens up about being raped and bullied in high school#andrethegiant10 Larger-Than-Life Facts About André the Giant#despacito'Despacito' and Videos by Taylor Swift and Drake Were Targeted by Hackers#paigewwe WWE Smack Down results, recap: Paige gets a new role, Shinsuke Nakamura ruins a ...#nationalpetday GALLERY: Send & view photos National Pet Day 2018#themeg The trailer for the giant shark movie The Meg is a wild clash of tones#newgirl'New Girl' Creator Liz Meriwether on the Final Season That Almost Didn't Happen#americavstoronto Revive la eliminación del América de la Concachampions#spurs Sizing Up the Spurs' 21-Season Playoff Streak#mariahcarey Mariah Carey Says That She Was Diagnosed With Bipolar Disorder in 2001#nationalsiblingday Jordan Rodgers Honors His Older Brother Luke on National Sibling Day — But ...#nerioxman5 things to know about Neri Oxman, the MIT professor linked to Brad Pitt#radicalheights Cliffy B's Radical Heights is a new low for cashing in on the PUBG craze#6ix9ine Rapper Tekashi 6ix9ine Is Not in Jail, Despite What He Wants You to Think#tombossert Thomas Bossert, Trump's Chief Adviser on Homeland Security, Is Forced Out#timberwolves Andrew Wiggins: If Timberwolves don't make playoffs, 'everything we did is for ...#kendrickperkins Cavs contratarán a veterano Kendrick Perkins para Playoffs#concacafchampionsleague Toronto FC still hungry after reaching Concacaf Champions League final#portafort Port-A-Forts And Weapon Nerfs: Here's Everything That's In Fortnite Battle ...#warriorsvsjazz Live updates: Warriors vs. Jazz on Tuesday night#lecygoranson'Roseanne' star Lecy Goranson 'doubled-over laughing' after reading script for ...#tristanthompsonex Who is Jordan Craig? Tristan Thompson's Ex Posts Cryptic Instagram Message ...#markzuckerberg Mark Zuckerberg Ends Two Days of Testimony on Capitol Hill#omarsharif Google Is Celebrating 'Lawrence of Arabia' Actor Omar Sharif With a Doodle ...#classroom Venturing Into the Outdoor Classroom#wwenetwork WWE announces new Network subscriber record on day after Wrestle Mania 34#nicollerochelle Former 'Cosby Show' actress protests topless at Bill Cosby's sexual assault ...#michaelcohen FBI raid targeted records of payments to porn star, ex-Playmate#bishopbriggs Bishop Briggs to 'American Idol' Contestants: This Is the One Way You 'Can't Lose'#tammyduckworth Tammy Duckworth Becomes First Sitting US Senator to Give Birth#slides Gallup: Catholic church attendance slides; only 4 in 10 go to Mass in any ...#mueller The White House just let slip a big secret about firing Robert Mueller#snake DJ Snake, Future & Rae Sremmurd to Headline Billboard Hot 100 Fest: See the Lineup#shoheiohtani It's Official: Angels With Shohei Ohtani Are More Interesting Than Dodgers#drakebell Drake Bell's Alleged Nude Pics Leak Online & Fans Freak Out With Epic Memes#lindseybuckingham Lindsey Buckingham departs Fleetwood Mac#cavaliersvsknicks Cavaliers vs. Knicks odds: NBA picks, predictions from advanced computer model#bobbylashley WWE Raw Results: The 2018 Version Of Bobby Lashley Will Be Lightyears Better ...#russellwestbrook Russell Westbrook tops the NBA in points off turnovers#mets Hold On, the Mets Are 7-1?#jeffreydeanmorgan Jeffrey Dean Morgan Says He & Wife Hilarie Burton Aren't Having More Kids: 'We ...#heidiklum Heidi Klum goes topless in Mexico with younger boyfriend#tonyfinau This is What Tony Finau's Gruesome Ankle Injury Looks Like#ohtani It's Official: Angels With Shohei Ohtani Are More Interesting Than Dodgers#lilxan Lil Xan – 'Total Xanarchy' Review#andygrammer Lifehouse, Andy Grammer, and Creedence Clearwater Revisited to Perform for ...#yadiermolina Cardinals catcher Yadier Molina tries to teach Diamondbacks manager Torey ...#2019camaro Chevy gives the 2019 Camaro a new face and new options#allenstone Chewelah-born singer Allen Stone to appear on 'American Idol'#shinsukenakamura WWE Wrestlemania 34 Results: AJ Styles Vs. Shinsuke Nakamura Highlights#humboldtbroncoscrash Humboldt Broncos player's organs could help save at least six others, family says#chuckmccann Chuck Mc Cann, Zany Comic in Early Children's TV, Dies at 83#justinereed The troubled truth behind the Masters' champ is far more revealing than the ...#giancarlostanton Strike 3 (Times Five). Giancarlo Stanton's Whiffs Make the Record Books#lionelrichie REVEALED: The pop superstar supporting Lionel Richie in Perth#finnbalor Irish WWE star Finn Balor made a big statement about inclusivity with his ...#madeleinealbright Madeleine Albright on fascism and the \"\"most undemocratic president\"\" in US history#dreamkazper Overwatch League's Jonathan \"\"Dream Kazper\"\" Sanchez Accused of Sexual ...#denvernuggets Nuggets Rally Past Portland, Set Up Wednesday Showdown at Minnesota#cohen Trump's reaction to the Michael Cohen raid suggests a new level of desperation#hidalgo California man wanted for sex offense arrested at Hidalgo Port of Entry \""
},
{
"docid": "D2293320#0",
"title": "http://news.hiphopearly.com/drake-really-buy-charlamagne-bottles-like-promised-meek-mill-diss/\nDrake Really Did Buy Charlamagne Bottles Like He Promised In Meek Mill Diss",
"text": "\"Radio personality Charlamagne Tha God and Meek-slayer Drake have a pretty checkered history. But Charlamagne was leaning team Drake in the Drizzy -Mill summer of 2015 beef, and Drake acknowledged that in the bars of his second Meek diss track, 'Back To Back. '\"\" You gon' make me step out of my fuckin' frame / You gon' make me buy bottles for Charlamagne / You gon' make me go out of my fuckin' way,\"\" he raps. Drake's doing everythang he raps about . Because when Charlamagne got to the studio this morning there were six bottle of Dom Perignon waiting for him, courtesy of Toronto's favorite son. \"\" Let's be friends,\"\" signed \"\"Aubrey Graham. \"\" When you're winning like Drake, you can be magnanimous like that. Posted In: Social Media Drake Meek Mill Discuss Beef Lil Pump Sends His \"\"L\"\" Goons After Funk Flex4 days ago / Beef Girls Lira Galore's Plastic Surgeon Lists Her Procedures On Instagram3 days ago / Girls Social Media NBA Young Boy Worries Fans With Disturbing Tweeta week ago / Social Media Rumors Rich The Kid's Wife Says He Cheated On Her With Blac Chyna & India Love6 days ago / Rumors Social Media Nav Rips XXL Freshman List; Freshman Alum Agreesa week ago / Social Media Beef More Blood Vs. Blood: YG Co-Signs The Game's Attack On Teka$hi 696 days ago / Beef \""
},
{
"docid": "D1946262#0",
"title": "http://www.startribune.com/c-j-kstp-s-josie-smith-talks-about-traffic-and-tragedy/305518821/\nC.J.: KSTP's Josie Smith talks about traffic and tragedy",
"text": "\"Celebrities C. J.: KSTP's Josie Smith talks about traffic and tragedy June 1, 2015 — 5:28pm Video (04:00) : KSTP-TV's Josie Smith talks traffic C. J. Text sizeemail Printmore C. J. @Dish Central KSTP-TV traffic reporter Josie Smith ’s usually upbeat demeanor was tested in a most tragic way. Smith, who previously provided traffic reports for WCCO-AM for 11 years, was off work because her baby girl died shortly after birth. I decided not to explain her absence to curious readers until she was feeling better. She is better but understandably not completely recovered. “It’s very, very difficult,” she told me. “ It’s only been a few months, so it’s very fresh. I think maybe a couple of years from now, you know, it will be easier. It’s obviously very difficult to see other families happy. I thought, “Yeah, this is great and we were really excited. It really brought us a lot of joy and then all of a sudden …”We talked about this at the end of this Q & A, which I had been trying to arrange months before she and her husband experienced their tragic loss."
},
{
"docid": "D2484865#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Shmurda\nBobby Shmurda",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Bobby Shmurda Born Ackquille Jean Pollard August 4, 1994 (age 23)Miami, Florida, U. S. [1]Criminal status Currently incarcerated Musical career Origin Brooklyn, New York, U. S. Genres Hip hop R&BOccupation (s)Rapper songwriter Years active 2004–2016Labels GS9 Epic Associated acts Rowdy Rebel Uncle Murda Ackquille Jean Pollard (born August 4, 1994), [2] known professionally as Bobby Shmurda, is an American rapper and songwriter from Brooklyn, New York. Pollard signed a deal with Epic Records after his track \"\" Hot Nigga \"\" peaked at number 6 on the US Billboard Hot 100. [ 3] [4]On December 17, 2014, New York City Police arrested Pollard, and he was charged with conspiracy to commit murder, weapons possession and reckless endangerment. [ 5] [6] In 2016, he pleaded guilty, and was sentenced to prison for seven years, which was reduced to five due to credit for the two years served awaiting trial counting towards the sentence. [ 7]Contents [ hide ]1 Early life2 Career3 Legal issues3.1 Conviction3.2 Incarceration4 Discography4.1 Extended plays4.2 Mixtapes4.3 Singles4.3.1 As lead artist4.3.2 As featured artist4.4 Guest appearances5 References Early life Bobby Shmurda was born Ackquille Jean Pollard in Miami, Florida, the younger of two sons born to a Trinidadian mother and a Jamaican father. [ 1] After his birth, he and his mother moved to Brooklyn, New York, after his father's incarceration, before living in East Flatbush. [ 8]Shmurda also had run-ins with the law while living in Brooklyn, including spending fifteen months in detention for probation violation, as well as being arrested on a gun charge that was later dropped. [ 1] According to his indictment, Shmurda was the ringleader of a criminal enterprise titled \"\"GS9\"\" which regularly got into disputes with criminal gangs, committed murder, carried out non-fatal shootings and engaged in drug trafficking [9] along King’s Highway to East Flatbush. [ 10]Career Shmurda began rapping at the age of 10. In 2004, the first song that he remixed was Crime Mob 's \"\" Knuck If You Buck \"\",; [8] however, it did not receive any notable attention until 2014, with the release of the song, called \"\" Hot Nigga \"\". ["
},
{
"docid": "D2467016#0",
"title": "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3484933/Chiseled-inmate-known-Hot-Felon-prison-ready-start-modeling-career.html\nChiseled inmate who became known as the 'Hot Felon' for his handsome mugshot is released from prison to start his new life as a MODEL",
"text": "\"Chiseled inmate who became known as the 'Hot Felon' for his handsome mugshot is released from prison to start his new life as a MODELJeremy Meeks of California became known as the 'Hot Felon' after his mug shot was posted to Facebook in 2014Despite being behind bars felony possession of a firearm, the 30 year old was signed by talent agency, White Cross Management last year Meeks' agent Jim Jordan said that Meeks is ready to begin his career now he has been freed from jail By Alexandra Klausner For Dailymail.com Published: 19:55 EDT, 9 March 2016 | Updated: 19:49 EDT, 13 March 20166.8kshares615View comments A convicted felon known more for his criminally good looks than for his crimes is looking forward to becoming a model and actor now that he is free from behind bars. Jeremy Meeks of California became known as the 'Hot Felon' after his baby-blue eyes, razor-sharp cheekbones and chiseled jawline first caught the public's attention when his mug shot was posted on the Stockton Police Department's Facebook page in 2014Despite being behind bars for possession of a firearm, the 30-year-old was signed by talent agency, White Cross Management last year under Jim Jordan. He was released from prison earlier this month. Scroll down for video+10New team: 'I want to thank my family and everybody for all your love, support and prayers. I'm overwhelmed and grateful for what lies ahead. I'm ready,' wrote Meeks along with this Instagram image this week+10Modeling contract: Despite being behind bars felony possession of a firearm, Jeremy Meeks was signed by talent agency, White Cross Management last year under Jim Jordan. RELATED ARTICLESPrevious 1 Next'His only regret, is not knowing what regret feels like':... Soft porn actress who appeared in a Ted Cruz attack ad which... Share this article+10Jeremy Meeks, pictured in 2014 in Stockton, California was arrested on felony weapon charges on June 18 as part of a Stockton police gang sweep+10Meeks with his son. Meeks said what he misses most is his family+10 +10Meeks with his wife Melissa and children in a photo posted to her Instagram page+10A photo of Meeks' children visiting him in prison'I want to thank my family and everybody for all your love, support and prayers. I'm overwhelmed and grateful for what lies ahead. I'm ready,' Meeks wrote on an Instagram photo posted this week. '"
},
{
"docid": "D2632242#0",
"title": "http://www.complex.com/music/2014/07/meek-mill-sentenced-to-3-to-3-6-months-in-jail\nMeek Mill Sentenced To Jail Time For Parole Violation",
"text": "\"Meek Mill Sentenced To Jail Time For Parole Violation By Zach Frydenlund Follow Zach on Twitter for jokes and hot takes here . Jul 11, 2014Share Tweet Subscribe On youtube Meek Mill has reportedly been sentenced to serve three to six months in county jail because the local DA was \"\"worried about his behavior while on probation.\"\" Details are scare right now, but earlier this year, Meek stated that his longstanding probation held him back from moving out of Philadelphia. It's not clear when Meek will have to begin serving this sentence or if he will ultimately appeal, but there is a chance he could be in jail when his upcoming album, Dreams Worth More Than Money, is released in September. Stay tuned for more details when they become available.#Breaking: Rapper Meek Mill sentenced to 3-6 months in county jail. DA was worried about behavior while on probation.— FOX 29 (@FOX29philly) July 11, 2014JUST IN: Rapper @Meek Mill gets 3-6 months in jail. DA worried about behavior while on probation. @FOX29philly— Dave Kinchen (@DKinchen FOX29) July 11, 2014 [ via NBC 10 Philly]UPDATE: NBC 10 reports that Meek violated his probation by missing meetings with his probation officer and displaying attitude towards her during meetings and on Twitter. According to Philadelphia Assistant District Attorney Noel Ann De Santis:\"\"The defendant's clear attitude with probation while reporting on May 15, his Twitter accounts being derogatory to the probation department and this DA and others in this court system, the judge found that all these are in tactical violation of probation. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D935302#0",
"title": "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-3191022/Nicki-Minaj-sparks-speculation-s-pregnant-introducing-boyfriend-Meek-baby-father-Pennsylvania-gig.html\nNicki Minaj sparks speculation she's pregnant after introducing boyfriend Meek Mill as her 'baby father' at Pennsylvania gig",
"text": "\"Nicki Minaj sparks speculation she's pregnant after introducing boyfriend Meek Mill as her 'baby father' at Pennsylvania gig By Joanna Crawley For Mailonline Published: 04:27 EDT, 9 August 2015 | Updated: 12:29 EDT, 9 August 2015447shares107View comments Just last week there were rumours that Nicki Minaj had called time on her relationship with Meek Mill. But after her gig in Burgettstown, Pennsylvania on Friday night, the chart-topping star has sparked rumours that she is pregnant with her partner's baby. The 32-year-old singer had fans in a frenzy when she introduced the rapper, who opens for her during her Pinkprint Tour, as her 'baby father' during the concert. Scroll down for video+9Expecting? Nicki Minaj has sparked speculation she is pregnant with boyfriend Meek Mill's baby after introducing the rapper as her 'baby father' during a gig in Burgettstown, Pennsylvania on Friday night The Anaconda star was performing for thousands of fans at Burgettstown's First Niagara Pavilion on Friday when she made the announcement. RELATED ARTICLESPrevious 1 2 Next Newly single Scott Disick is on daddy duty as he takes son... Big debut! Louis Tomlinson's baby mama Briana Jungwirth... Christina Milian takes the plunge in a zip-up swimsuit while... Jennifer Garner and Ben Affleck put on united front as they... Michelle Rodriguez stuns at sea in white bikini as she... Nice ice, baby! Jordana Brewster is the image of casual chic... Share this article447 shares Nicki was joined on stage by Meek Mill, 28, before she told the crowd to 'make some noise for my baby father!' The clearly delighted rapper then proceeded to pump his fists in the air, in a video posted online by fans. The social media savvy star didn't directly address the incident after the gig, but she did retweet a fan video of the moment she made the announcement on stage, adding a series of smiling crying emojis to the post."
},
{
"docid": "D2567968#0",
"title": "http://www.tmz.com/person/kevin-hart/\nKevin Hart",
"text": "\"Home Celebs Kevin Hart Kevin Hart Powered by imdb Kevin Hart was born on July 6, 1979 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. He is an actor and producer, known for Kevin Hart: Let Me Explain (2013), Ride Along (2014) and The Wedding Ringer (2015). He has been married to Eniko Parrish since August 13, 2016. He was previously married to Torrei Hart. See full bio on IMDb »LATEST STORIESKevin Hart I Tried To Recruit Le Bron To Philly He Told Me To Kiss His Ass Kevin Hart is about to break the hearts of a lot of fans in Philly ... because according to the pint-sized funnyman, Le Bron James has no plans to come to the cheesesteak land, and Kevin… READ MORE >- 3/22/2018 7:43 AM PDTKevin Hart Meek Mill Walking Free Will Make The System Better Kevin Hart believes Meek Mill possibly getting his sentence overturned is a beacon of hope for the criminal justice system as a whole ... and he's got a helluva explanation for why. We got… READ MORE >- 24 days ago Kevin Hart & Ex-Wife Join Forces to Throw Daughter Epic Bday Bash!! ! Kevin Hart and his ex-wife, Torrei, called a truce for their daughter's 13th birthday ... and it led to a baller soiree no \"\"Black Panther\"\" fan will ever top. Kevin and Torrei (as you might… READ MORE >- 24 days ago Kevin Hart Mostly Fails at Trampoline Dunks Here's the latest edition of \"\"Kevin Hart vs. Height\"\" ... where the actor/comedian tries to slam dunk using a trampoline as his launchpad -- and it's a struggle. Kevin's attempted dunk… READ MORE >- 24 days ago Michael Blackson Broner & Wilder Are Training Me ... to Kick Kevin Hart's Ass!Comedian Michael Blackson seriously wants to beat the crap outta Kevin Hart -- telling TMZ Sports he's bringing in 2 of the best boxers in the world so he can get the job done!! Just last month,… READ MORE >- 40 days ago Michael Blackson Wants to Fight Kevin Hart ... to Settle Beef Comedian Michael Blackson went after his former pal and current enemy Kevin Hart in a big way Friday night, saying Kevin doesn't write his own material and he could whoop his ass in a fight."
},
{
"docid": "D1119666#0",
"title": "http://hollywoodlife.com/2014/08/21/gucci-mane-prison-sentence-three-years-jail-gun-charge/\nGucci Mane: Rapper Sentenced To 3 Years In Jail On Gun Charge",
"text": "News World News5 Comments August 21, 2014 9:42AM EDTGucci Mane: Rapper Sentenced To 3 Years In Jail On Gun Charge Getty/Courtesy of Fulton County Sheriff Dept. View Gallery96 Photos. Avery Thompson Entertainment Editor Rapper Gucci Mane was sentenced to 39 months in jail after pleading guilty to a federal gun possession charge. The rapper has already been in custody for 11 months. Gucci Mane, 34, whose real name is Radric Davis, will serve the remaining 28 months of his 39 month sentence after pleading guilty to a gun charge. The rapper could also face traveling restrictions upon his release. Gucci Mane Prison Sentence: Rapper To Serve Over Three Years In Jail The rapper pleaded guilty in May to a possession of a firearm by a convicted felon charge, CBS News reports. He was sentenced to three years and three months in jail, after reaching a deal with prosecutors,. He could have faced a 10-year prison sentence if he had gone to trial. Gucci Mane has been in custody for 11 months, so he will serve 28 months from the rest of his sentence, E!"
},
{
"docid": "D2510348#0",
"title": "http://www.rap-up.com/2014/09/27/rick-ross-shares-photos-of-meek-mill-in-jail/\nRick Ross Shares Photos of Meek Mill in Jail",
"text": "\"9.27.2014 Photos Rick Ross Shares Photos of Meek Mill in Jail Meek Mill is holding up behind bars. The Philly rapper, who was sentenced to three to six months in jail in July for violating his probation following a 2009 drug and guns conviction, is nearing his release date. His MMG boss Rick Ross shared a couple new photos of the incarcerated rapper on social media. In one shot, Meek poses in gray sweatpants and a sweatshirt with a smile on his face. He also sits in the prison yard surrounded by friends and family. “Meek in da building all OG’s roun’m,” said Rozay. Meek was reportedly denied an early release, but Rozay said he’ll be home soon. “ Meek almost at the Door #Free Meek Mill Dreams Worth More than $$$$,” he tweeted. His sophomore album Dreams Worth More Than Money was delayed from its September date. “ His album is coming,” Ross assured his fans. “"
},
{
"docid": "D794653#0",
"title": "https://www.centralmaine.com/2015/03/23/north-pond-hermit-completes-specialty-court-program/\nâNorth Pond Hermitâ Knight completes specialty court program",
"text": "AUGUSTA — Christopher T. Knight, who spent decades in central Maine woods while stealing supplies from area camps, has kept a low profile over the past two years since he was arrested, spending the first seven months in jail and then 17 months in a specialty court program. But early Monday morning, the man known as the North Pond Hermit was back in court and in front of cameras as he completed his time in the Co-Occurring Disorders Court Program overseen by Justice Nancy Mills. The program is designed to help people with substance abuse and mental health problems. Related Headlines Complete coverage of the ‘North Pond Hermit’Video Key Dates Key dates in the Christopher Knight case:• June 2005: News story in the Morning Sentinel reports that dozens of camp owners around North Pond say they’ve had items stolen for the last 15 years.• Sept. 18, 2012: State police release a surveillance photo of the “Backpack Burglar,” later determined to be Knight, the only photo before his arrest of the man residents said had been robbing their camps for years.• April 4, 2013: Game wardens and state police arrest Christopher Knight after a surveillance camera alerts them to a break-in at Pine Tree Camp in Rome.• April 20, 2013: An affidavit released in the case shows he is suspected in more than 1,000 burglaries over nearly three decades.• October 28, 2013: Knight pleads guilty to 13 crimes of burglary and theft and is admitted to a special court program for those with substance abuse and mental health problems.• March 23, 2015: Knight completes the Co-Occurring Disorders Court and is placed on probation for three years. Search photos available for purchase: Photo Store →Knight, 48, who grew up in Albion but whose address was listed in court papers as transient, will remain on probation for three years. He was also ordered to pay more than $1,500 in restitution partly for reconstruction of a private road used by police to cart away the items he had accumulated in his time in the woods. “The most important thing that Christopher has told me since October 2013 is that he has learned in this court that he can live the life he wants to live without breaking the law,” Mills said Monday. Knight’s arrest in April 2013, first reported by the Kennebec Journal, sparked worldwide media interest. Knight was seen by some as a folk hero, admired for his ingenuity and survival skills while living in the Maine woods for decades. For many victims of his burglaries though, Knight represented a troublesome thief who made them fearful and angry, and they were glad when he was behind bars."
},
{
"docid": "D189939#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Ross\nRick Ross",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Rick Ross (disambiguation) and Rozay (disambiguation). Rick Ross Rick Ross performing for the Mastermind Tour in Toronto on June 15, 2014. Background information Birth name William Leonard Roberts IIAlso known as Rozay The Boss Renzel Born January 28, 1976 (age 42)Clarksdale, Mississippi, U. S. Origin Carol City, Florida, U. S. Genres Hip hop Occupation (s)Rapper songwriterentrepreneur Years active 2000–present Labels Suave House Slip-n-Slide Atlantic Def Jam Poe Boy Maybach Epic Associated acts Triple C's Puff Daddy DJ Khaled Jay-Z Lil Wayne Meek Mill Wale French Montana T-Pain Drake Future Gucci Mane Omarion Website www .rickrossmastermind .com William Leonard Roberts II (born January 28, 1976), known professionally by his stage name Rick Ross, is an American rapper and entrepreneur. In 2009, Ross founded the record label Maybach Music Group, on which he released his studio albums Deeper Than Rap (2009), Teflon Don (2010), God Forgives, I Don't (2012), Mastermind, Hood Billionaire (2014), Black Market (2015), and Rather You Than Me (2017). Ross was also the first artist signed to Diddy 's management company Ciroc Entertainment. In early 2012, MTV named Ross as the Hottest MC in the Game. [ 1]Contents [ hide ]1 Life and career1.1 1976–2006: Early life and career beginnings1.2 2006–08: Port of Miami and Trilla1.3 2009: Deeper Than Rap1.4 2010–13: Prime Rick Ross1.5 2014: 2 Album, 1 Year1.6 2015–present: The Renzel Era and Epic Records2 Personal life2.1 Religion2.2 Correctional officer photos2.3 Seizures2.4 Drive-by shooting2.5 2018 hospitalization3 Legal issues4 Business ventures5 Controversy5.1 Feud with 50 Cent5.2 Lyric controversy6 Discography7 Filmography8 Awards and nominations8.1 Grammy Awards9 References10 External links Life and career1976–2006: Early life and career beginnings William Leonard Roberts II was born in Clarksdale, Mississippi, [2] [3] and raised in Carol City, Florida. [ 4] After graduating from Miami Carol City Senior High School, he attended the historically black college Albany State University on a football scholarship. [ 5] Roberts worked as a correctional officer for 18 months from December 1995, until his resignation in June 1997. In his early years at Suave House Records, Roberts initially made his debut under the pseudonym Teflon Da Don."
},
{
"docid": "D935297#0",
"title": "http://hollywoodlife.com/2016/09/03/meek-mill-nicki-minaj-pregnancy-pic-baby-bump-prank/\nNicki Minaj Really Pregnant? â The Reason Meek Mill Posted Baby Bump Photo",
"text": "News Celebrity News2 Comments September 3, 2016 4:17PM EDTNicki Minaj Really Pregnant? — The Reason Meek Mill Posted Baby Bump Photo Courtesy of Instagram View Gallery36 Photos. Samantha Wilson News Writer/Reporter Meek Mill had an important message to send when he posted that baby bump pic of girlfriend Nicki Minaj. He desperately needed their fans to know something, according to a source who spoke to Hollywood Life.com EXCLUSIVELY! Find out after the jump!Meek Mill ‘s message? Don’t mess with his girl! No, Nicki Minaj is not pregnant, a source confirmed to Hollywood Life.com EXCLUSIVELY. Meek is just getting back at the haters who dared to somehow find flaws in her flawless figure at the VMAs!“People were trolling Nicki after the VMAs saying she looked pregnant. Instead of blasting them Meek thought it would be hilarious to punk them,” the source told us EXCLUSIVELY. “ He put that pic up just to f**k with people and get them riled up, and it worked."
}
] |
8438 | why use a gum stimulator | [
{
"docid": "D1889969#0",
"title": "http://www.remedyland.com/2013/04/gum-stimulator.html\nGum stimulator",
"text": "Gum stimulator Gum stimulator If you wish to preserve great oral health, you have to do a lot more than just to brush your teeth on daily basis. Making use of a gum stimulator is an excellent solution to get rid of the undesirable plaque and to maintain your gums in good health. Gum stimulators are simple to operate and they must be utilized on a regular basis. Gum stimulator usually includes an extended handle to which a head with rubberized tip is joined. The handle could be moderately curved and even rounded in some cases. The tip might be fairly angled therefore a owner could get to the back of the oral cavity without difficulty. This tool is usually utilized by individuals who are displaying symptoms of periodontal disease, for example gingivitis, in an effort to slow the progression of the illness. To be able to make use of a gum stimulator, an individual need to brush his or her teeth and also to use a tooth floss. He need to hold the tool and start moving the rubberized tips around in a circle at the periodontal line to be able to massage this tissue mass. The individual may then put the tip into the deep periodontal pockets of oral cavity before proceeding to the following tooth."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1044820#0",
"title": "http://www.livestrong.com/article/267944-natural-nicotine-substitutes/\nNatural Nicotine Substitutes",
"text": "\"Natural Nicotine Substitutesby JUNIPER RUSSO Aug. 14, 2017Nicotine, a powerfully addictive stimulant, is the primary compound responsible for tobacco's psychoactive effects. According to the National Institutes of Health, symptoms of nicotine withdrawal can be severe; many people are unsuccessful in their first attempts to stop smoking. However, more than 38 million Americans have successfully quit. Along with other strategies, such as counseling and peer support, some herbal supplements may act as viable, natural substitutes for caffeine. Video of the Day Error loading player: Flash plugin failed to load Consult your health care provider before using any naturopathic treatment for nicotine addiction. Caffeine Like nicotine, caffeine is a stimulant and an appetite suppressant. The NIH notes that many people are afraid to stop smoking because they worry that they will gain weight. Although caffeine is not necessarily a safe or effective weight loss method, the NIH suggests that it can suppress the appetite and stimulate the central nervous system. Caffeine is addictive; however, the NIH reports that moderate caffeine intake-- below 250 milligrams per day-- does not threaten a person's overall health. Consider adding natural sources of caffeine to your diet as nicotine substitutes."
},
{
"docid": "D3469051#0",
"title": "http://foodbabe.com/2011/12/09/wanna-a-piece-of-gum/\nWhy Chewing Gum Destroys Your Health",
"text": "Why Chewing Gum Destroys Your Health By Food Babe329Share 96K Tweet Pin 3KWanna piece of gum? This is a question I get asked a lot and 99 out of 100 times I say NO!Check out the candy aisle I visited in Singapore recently. No gum here…Candy aisle at Target, pretty much all gum. The reason I say no is because most people offer me gum with ingredients like this: Wrigley’s Doublemint Gum – Artificial Colors, Artificial Flavors, Artificial GMO Sugars, Carcinogenic Sugars, Toxic Preservatives (Note – This gum has sugar + corn syrup + Aspartame)INGREDIENTS: SUGAR , GUM BASE , DEXTROSE , CORN SYRUP , NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL FLAVORS , LESS THAN 2% OF: GLYCEROL , ASPARTAME , GUM ARABIC , SOY LECITHIN , ACESULFAME K , COLOR , (TITANIUM DIOXIDE , BLUE 1 LAKE , BETA-CAROTENE) , BHTTrident Gum Ingredients – Artificial Colors, Artificial Flavorings, GMOs, Carcinogenic Sugars, Toxic Preservatives (Note: This gum has Xylitol + 3 other sugars including Aspartame)Bubble Yum Gum Ingredients – Artificial Colors, Artificial Flavorings, GMO Sugars, Toxic Preservatives Orbit Gum Ingredients – Artificial Colors, Artificial Flavorings, Carcinogenic Sugars, Toxic Preservatives Wrigley’s 5 Gum – Artificial Colors, Artificial Flavorings, Carcinogenic Sugars, Toxic Preservatives I used to be addicted to gum. I would totally freak out if I didn’t have some in my purse or pantry after eating. But that’s before I figured out the ingredients in chewing gum were slowly sabotaging my health. One of the reasons people chew gum is for weight loss. Chewing gum keeps your mouth occupied so you don’t reach for food, right? The main ingredient in all these gums is artificial sweeteners and consuming them will not work as long term strategy for weight loss. Artificial Sweeteners are proven to stimulate your appetite, increase carbohydrate cravings, and promote fat storage and weight gain."
},
{
"docid": "D1565927#0",
"title": "https://www.smile.com.au/treatments/dental-dentist-dentures-false-teeth\nDENTURES & FALSE TEETH GUIDE: PROCEDURE - TYPES - COSTS & MORE",
"text": "DENTURES & FALSE TEETH GUIDE: PROCEDURE - TYPES - COSTS & MOREWhat are Dentures? What Is The Treatment Procedure For Dentures? How Do I Know if I Need Dentures? Types of Dentures Available How Long Does It Take To Get Dentures? Does Insurance Cover the Cost of False Teeth? How Much Do Dentures Cost? What are the Differences between Conventional & Immediate Dentures? Is It Painful To Get Dentures? How Long Do Dentures Last? What Is A Denture Reline?"
},
{
"docid": "D2446793#0",
"title": "http://www.caffeineinformer.com/caffeine-absorption\nCaffeine Absorption",
"text": "\"Science Caffeine Absorption How Quickly Does Caffeine Enter The Bloodstream? Those that are regular consumers of coffee or energy drinks have figured out that it takes about 15-20 minutes before the effects of caffeine are realized. Energy shots can be a tad quicker since there is less liquid to drink and food items such as caffeinated gum or chews can be even quicker since some of the caffeine is absorbed through the lining of the mouth. However, feeling alert doesn’t really tell us how long it takes for all of the caffeine to be fully absorbed into the bloodstream. This is a bit more complicated. Luckily, there have been a few scientific studies that have measured how fast caffeine via different mediums is completely absorbed by the bloodstream. Caffeine Absorption Rates Caffeine Medium Amount Bioavailability Blood Saturation Caffeine Capsules¹ 200mg 90% 84-120 minutes Caffeine Gum¹ 200mg 77% 44-80 minutes Coffee² 200mg 99% 42-39 minutes Energy Drink² 200mg 99% 42-39 minutes Looking at the above data, we can glean some interesting information. Liquid is the overall best caffeine delivery method with the most caffeine being absorbed in the least amount of time to fully saturate blood plasma. The effects of caffeine gum are quicker, but less caffeine is absorbed overall. An advertised 100mg caffeine piece of gum would really only deliver 77mg of caffeine."
},
{
"docid": "D60060#0",
"title": "http://www.curejoy.com/content/holy-herbs-frankincense-and-myrrh-can-cure-cancer/\nHoly Herbs Frankincense and Myrrh May Cure Cancer",
"text": "Cure Herb Frankincense Holy Herbs Frankincense and Myrrh May Cure Cancer Cure Joy Editorial Feb 28, 2017 13 Min Read Holy Herbs Frankincense and Myrrh May Cure Cancer Frankincense and Myrrh are two of the oldest and most famous aromatherapy essential oils known to man and even famed and prized today for their aromatherapy, traditional ayurvedic and Chinese medicine. Though both frankincense and myrrh tend to bring up certain religious connotations to the western mind, they have been in active use as magical incenses, ritual tools and for their healing properties since at least 1500BC. Frankincense Tears are known for their use in consecration, meditation, protection and purifying. Myrrh is known for Protection, purification, healing and magical potency. In March 2009, a study published in the BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2009, 9:6 showed that frankincense essential oil “suppressed cell viability in bladder transitional carcinoma J82 cells. ”Use In Ancient Times Both frankincense and myrrh have been traded in the Middle East and North Africa for upwards of 5,000 years. It is believed that the Babylonians and Assyrians burned them during religious ceremonies. The ancient Egyptians bought entire boatloads of the resins from the Phoenicians, using them in incense, insect repellent, perfume and salves for wounds and sores; they were also key ingredients in the embalming process. Myrrh oil served as a rejuvenating facial treatment, while frankincense was charred and ground into a power to make the heavy kohl eyeliner for Egyptian women. Sacks of frankincense and potted saplings of myrrh-producing trees appear in murals decorating the walls of a temple dedicated to Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt."
},
{
"docid": "D194175#0",
"title": "http://www.wikihow.com/Stimulate-Gum-Growth\nHow to Stimulate Gum Growth",
"text": "Expert Reviewed How to Stimulate Gum Growth Four Methods: Applying Pastes to your Gums Using Ozonated Olive Oil Trying the Oil Pulling Method Caring for Your Gums Community Q&AIf your gums have begun receding, you may have periodontitis or gum recession, which is gum disease that can destroy the bones and tissues attached to your teeth. See a dental professional as soon as you notice changes in your gums. In the meantime, you can use some at home products to stimulate your gum growth. Be aware that there is limited scientific evidence supporting these methods. Use them carefully and do not use them in place of tooth brushing, flossing, and regular dental visits."
},
{
"docid": "D3187138#0",
"title": "http://www.foodpolitics.com/tag/caffeine/\nCurrently browsing posts about: Caffeine",
"text": "by Marion Nestle Currently browsing posts about: Caffeine Feb 18 2014To start the work week: “Caffeinated”Murray Carpenter. Caffeinated: How Our Daily Habit Helps, Hurts, and Hooks Us. Hudson Street Press, 2014. I learned some things I didn’t know about caffeine from this book, which is why I blurbed it: Caffeinated is a surprising exposé of the “caffeine industrial complex,” the industry that markets this substance in every form it can. This book compellingly argues that the health hazards of excessive caffeine intake need more attention and better regulation. I’m convinced. You will be too.1 Comment Share |Tags: Books, Caffeine Jan 15 2014The FDA clarifies: Is your drink a supplement or a food? By an act of Congress, dietary supplements are regulated less strictly than conventional foods, so much so that some beverage manufacturers would much prefer to have their products labeled as dietary supplements than foods, energy shots, for example. Under the law, the FDA pretty much has to keep hands off of supplements, except when something egregious happens, like people getting sick or dying. The FDA is now trying to clarify the difference between beverages that are supplements and those that are drugs."
},
{
"docid": "D2256026#0",
"title": "http://www.medicinenet.com/cocaine_hydrochloride-topical/article.htm\ncocaine hydrochloride",
"text": "\"What is cocaine hydrochloride-topical, and how does it work (mechanism of action)? What brand names are available for cocaine hydrochloride-topical? Is cocaine hydrochloride-topical available as a generic drug? Do I need a prescription for cocaine hydrochloride-topical? What are the side effects of cocaine hydrochloride-topical? What is the dosage for cocaine hydrochloride-topical? Which drugs or supplements interact with cocaine hydrochloride-topical? Is cocaine hydrochloride-topical safe to take if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding? What else should I know about cocaine hydrochloride-topical? What is cocaine hydrochloride-topical, and how does it work (mechanism of action)?"
},
{
"docid": "D1247447#0",
"title": "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/s/sjogrens_syndrome/treatments.htm\nTreatments for Sjogren's Syndrome",
"text": "\"Treatments for Sjogren's Syndrome Intro Symptoms Types Causes Tests Prognosis Treatment Misdiagnosis Deaths Videos Must Reads in Health Protecting Your Skin During Winter Watch: My Personal Psoriasis Journey Are You Getting The Best Cancer Care? Keeping An Active Lifestyle With COPDLiver Disease? Find a Doc Who Treats PBCAre You Allergic To Your Clothes? Why Psoriasis Treatments Can Fail Contents Sjogren's Syndrome: Introduction Treatments for Sjogren's Syndrome (Introduction)Treatment list for Sjogren's Syndrome Alternative Treatments News about treatments Discussion of treatments for Sjogren's Syndrome Buy Products Related to Treatments for Sjogren's Syndrome Sjogren's Syndrome: Introduction Treatments for Sjogren's Syndrome: There is no cure for Sjogren's syndrome, but with early recognition and treatment, it is possible to decrease symptoms and minimize the risk of complications and to live as normal and active a life as possible. Treatment for Sjogren's syndrome varies depending on the type of Sjogren's syndrome, the severity of symptoms, the presence of complications, a person's age and medical history, and other factors. The most effective treatment plans employ an individualized, multipronged approach that incorporate a combination of regular medical and dental care and monitoring, medication, good oral hygiene, and possibly surgery. Eye drops called artificial tears are prescribed to relieve dry eye due to Sjogren's syndrome. Surgery may be recommended in some cases to close the tear ducts that drain tears from the eyes. Medications to relieve dryness of the mouth include a saliva substitute and drugs that stimulate the production of saliva. Regular dental exams and cleanings, at least three times a year, and meticulous oral hygiene are important to preventing complications of dry mouth, such as dental caries."
},
{
"docid": "D790834#0",
"title": "https://vapingdaily.com/smoking-effects/effects-of-nicotine/\nNicotine: Complete Guide",
"text": "Nicotine: Complete Guide Table of Contents What Is Nicotine History of Nicotine Side Effects of Nicotine Nicotine and the Heart Is Nicotine Bad for You? Does Nicotine Cause Cancer? Nicotine Addiction Nicotine Replacement Therapy Does Vape Have Nicotine? How Long Does Nicotine Stay In Your System? Nicotine Overdose Nicotine Poisoning Ask any smoker why they smoke and the answer you will get is that it brings them pleasure. They’ll note that it either calms or stimulates them (despite being a stimulant, nicotine often has a calming effect on smokers); helps them manage stress, or that they’re so used to smoking that it’s become second nature to them. Rarely anyone will tell you, straight off the bat, that they suffer from nicotine addiction, which is the true, underlying reason why people smoke. Even if they do identify nicotine as the culprit for their smoking habit, most smokers won’t be able to tell you anything about it – they won’t know how nicotine causes addiction, why they don’t feel hungry after smoking, or what are the health effects of nicotine. Considering that cigarette smoke is something smokers inhale most of the day, it seems ridiculous not to know anything about one of its most potent ingredient. This comprehensive guide aims to rectify that, so if you want to learn more about nicotine, read on."
},
{
"docid": "D869865#0",
"title": "https://www.organicfacts.net/health-benefits/herbs-and-spices\nHealth Benefits Of Herbs",
"text": "To improve the overall health of the body, herbs and spices have been playing a major role for decades. They help in the faster healing of wounds, act as nutritional supplements, and also deliver a host of benefits. Herbs strengthen the immune system, lower blood sugar and cholesterol levels, have anti-inflammatory properties, and prevent Alzheimer’s diseases as well as various types of cancer. Herbs eliminate nutritional deficiencies and thus restore the correct functioning of the body. They rectify various problems rather than suppressing them. It is also said that herbs nourish every part of the body with their vitamin and mineral content. In short, our body needs certain essential dietary nutrients to meet the everyday demands of life and herbs provide us with most of the necessary components for a healthy life. Herbs are normally used as flavoring additives to culinary dishes. Along with that, they are now an integral part of various medicinal practices in most countries. Many herbal extracts like those derived from mint, licorice, fenugreek, ginkgo, and aloe vera are used in medicines."
},
{
"docid": "D1779883#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/83871013/smoking-flash-cards/\nsmoking",
"text": "\"45 terms jeff_P2smoking Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortpreventable cause of mortality Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of mortality! Causes 480,000 deaths each year in the United States! Smokers who quit reduce their risk of developing and dying from tobacco-related diseases! 35 million people attempt to quit each year ! Most of these people relapse in just a few days! <7% will achieve more than a year of abstinence! Abstinenceratesafteronesinglequitattemptimproveto 30% with optimal treatment... Nicotine is a highly addictive chemical naturally found in tobacco! Nicotine could potentially be as addictive as heroin, cocaine, or alcohol!"
},
{
"docid": "D2826345#0",
"title": "http://www.life-enhancement.com/magazine/article/1781-mastic-gum-may-have-far-reaching-effects\n.",
"text": "Mastic Is Something to Chew on Mastic Gum May Have Far-Reaching Effects By attacking bacteria that cause tooth decay and gum disease, it may help prevent other diseases as well By Hyla Cass, M. D.© i Stockphoto.com/Ruslan Gilmanshinhat is it with the word gum? On the one hand, it means a sticky, chewy substance that’s exuded by certain trees and that can be made into a variety of useful products. On the other hand, it means the firm connective tissue that surrounds the base of our teeth. Was it accidental that the same word came to be used for both, or is there some connection between the two? The answer is yes: it was accidental, but there is a connection, namely, gum is good for your gums. Probably the best kind of chewing gum in terms of oral health benefits is mastic, a gum resin that comes from the bark of the mastic tree, Pistacia lentiscus. Mastic has been used as a chewing gum and a medicinal food in Mediterranean cultures for many centuries. ( A synonym for chew, by the way, is masticate. Coincidence? Nope. )"
},
{
"docid": "D843438#0",
"title": "http://www.stylecraze.com/articles/amazing-home-remedies-to-remove-tartar/\n18 Amazing Home Remedies To Remove Tartar And Plaque From Teeth",
"text": "Home » Health and Wellness » Home Remedies18 Amazing Home Remedies To Remove Tartar And Plaque From Teeth September 19, 2017 by Kushneet Kukreja ISSA Certified Specialist in Fitness & Nutrition Oral hygiene is of utmost importance. If you already have plaque on your teeth, do not let the tooth pain, gum swelling, and increased sensitivity from this bacterial infection trouble you anymore. This article will talk about different remedies as well as tips to keep tartar and plaque at bay. Brushing your teeth every day, proper flossing, and regular dental check-ups are important to maintain good oral health. Improper brushing can lead to plaque formation that, when ignored, forms tartar, a solidified form of plaque. This eventually leads to several other teeth and gum diseases. Simple negligence can cause tartar to build up on your teeth in a matter of a few months. Hence, it is important to know how to remove tartar from the teeth to keep away its symptoms and also to prevent other oral diseases. Read on to know about the remedies and the prevention tips. How To Remove Tartar And Plaque From Teeth Using Home Remedies Brush Your Teeth Properly Use Fluoride Toothpaste Use Tartar Control Toothpaste Brush With Baking Soda Mixture Use Aloe Vera Gel And Glycerine Scrub Use Orange Peel Munch On Fruits And Vegetables Chew Sesame Seeds Eat Figs Use Electric Toothbrush Floss Regularly Gargle With Antiseptic Cleanser Or Peroxide Solution Use A Dental Pick Apply Vitamin C-Rich Fruits Eat Spicy Food Sanguinaria Extract Lemon Oil Pulling Home Remedies And Prevention Tips For Tartar Removal1."
},
{
"docid": "D1116802#0",
"title": "http://www.implantperio.net/stand-alone/reverse-stop-gum-recession\nGum Recession Treatment",
"text": "Gum Recession Treatment It can be painful and ugly to have receding gums. Gum recession, however, can be treated by a qualified periodontist. Gum Recession – What is it? Gum recession is a condition when the roots of the teeth are exposed due to the loss of gum tissue. It is a common oral health problem in adults, but teenagers are also susceptible to this condition. When gums recede, gaps or pockets form between the gum line and teeth. This is where bacteria build up and cause severe oral health complications. When left untreated, this oral health condition can lead to tooth loss. Why do gums recede? Gum diseases Vigorous brushing and flossing Hard toothbrush Inadequate daily oral hygiene Improper dental care Teeth grinding Crooked or misaligned teeth Badly fitted crowns, dentures or bridgework Consumption of tobacco products Piercing of lip or tongue Genetics Gum Diseases Gum diseases or periodontal diseases, caused by bacteria, destroy the gum tissue as well as the bone supporting the teeth."
},
{
"docid": "D3495252#0",
"title": "http://www.rmperiohealth.com/why-you-should-own-a-sonicare-toothbrush-colorado.html\nWhy You Should Own a Sonicare Toothbrush",
"text": "Why You Should Own a Sonicare Toothbrush While maintaining a daily oral hygiene routine is a vital part of taking care of yourself, it’s sometimes difficult to make it a priority. After all, it’s the easiest thing to cut out of your mornings if you’re in hurry to get to work or school. End-of-day exhaustion might mean you skip brushing and flossing to fall face-first into bed. Even with a busy lifestyle, one of the simplest ways to create wellbeing is to take care of your oral health. Gum disease is a serious threat. Not only can periodontal infections damage your gums and teeth, the inflammation can affect other areas of your body—especially if you’re already suffering from other illnesses, such as COPD, diabetes, or rheumatoid arthritis. One way to support your efforts to maintain healthy teeth and gums is to use Sonicare toothbrushes. The advantages of using this type of toothbrush are many!Sonicare toothbrushes have been clinically proven to significantly reduce coffee, tea, and tobacco stains with just a month of consistent use. So you can whiten your smile just by using the Sonicare toothbrush. Manually brushing your teeth produces around 300 strokes a minute."
},
{
"docid": "D1300411#0",
"title": "https://www.healthtap.com/topics/saliva\nTop 40 Doctor insights on: Saliva",
"text": "\"Top 40 Doctor insights on: Saliva Share Follow @Health Tap </> Embed Dr. Julie Abbott Saliva (Overview)The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the salivary and mucous glands in the mouth. Saliva contains water, mucin, organic salts, and the digestive enzyme ptyalin. It serves to moisten the oral cavity, to initiate the digestion of starches, and to aid in the chewing and swallowing of food. Approximately 1 to 1.5 l is produced per day. Dr. Colin Kerr2 doctors agreed:1 Reasobs for excess saliva? Excess saliva: Excess saliva, usually with drooling, is not very common in young people, but becomes more common in older folks. It can be caused by discoordination in the pharynx (not swallowing saliva), medications that stimulate salivary glands, conditions that stimulate the GI tract (vomiting ... Read more Dr. Justin Greiwe2 What causes a brown saliva? Mouth bleed: Blood can give your saliva a brown or red tinge to it if you have an active or slow bleed. See dentist or primary doctor to full examination. ... Read more Board Certified,Get help from a real doctor now Continue Dr. Noah Fitzpatrick2 doctors agreed:3 What can cause excess saliva?"
},
{
"docid": "D1380308#0",
"title": "https://www.organicfacts.net/health-benefits/herbs-and-spices/health-benefits-of-mint.html\n13 Impressive Benefits of Mint",
"text": "Mint, the popular herb, has several benefits which include proper digestion and weight loss, relief from nausea, depression, fatigue, and headache. It is used in the treatment of asthma, memory loss, and skin care problems. This well-known mouth and breath freshener is scientifically known as Mentha and has more than two dozen species and hundreds of varieties. It is an herb that has been used for hundreds of years for its remarkable medicinal properties. The market is full of products like toothpastes, chewing gums, breath fresheners, candies, and inhalers, which have mint as their base element. Health Benefits of Mint Leaves Most of us are familiar with the refreshing application of mint, but it has far more to offer than that. The health benefits of mint include the following: Aids in Digestion Mint is a great appetizer or palate cleanser. It also promotes digestion and soothes the stomach in case of indigestion or inflammation. When your stomach feels sick, drinking a cup of mint tea can give you relief. Also, if you are someone who travels long distances via plane or boat, menthol oil derived from [ 1] mint can be very soothing for nausea and related motion sickness."
},
{
"docid": "D135418#0",
"title": "https://www.colgate.com/en-us/oral-health/conditions/dry-mouth\nDry Mouth",
"text": "Definition Known by its medical term, xerostomia (zeer-oh-stoh-mee-ah), dry mouth is when you do not have enough saliva to keep your mouth wet and moisturized. Dealing With Dry Mouth Dry Mouth What is Dry Mouth? Signs & Symptoms Everyone's mouth feels dry from time to time. It's when this feeling doesn't go away that you may have a problem producing saliva. Symptoms of dry mouth include: A sticky, dry feeling in the mouth or throat Trouble chewing, swallowing, tasting or speaking A burning feeling in the mouth A dry, tough tongue Cracked lips Gum irritation More frequent tooth decay Mouth sores Bad breath The Facts about Dry Mouth Cause Dry mouth can occur when the glands in the mouth that make saliva are not working properly. Some common causes include nervousness, stress, certain medications, aging, cancer therapy (radiation/chemotherapy), and autoimmune disorders like Sjorgren’s syndrome, smoking and methamphetamine use. Sjogren’s syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease in which a person’s white blood cells attack their moisture-producing glands, the eyes and salivary glands in the mouth. Sjorgren’s can cause dry eyes, dry mouth, fatigue and joint pain. It can also cause dysfunction on other organs, such as the kidneys, gastrointestinal system, blood vessels, lungs, liver, pancreas and central nervous system. 3 Oral issues that occur are dry mouth, swollen salivary glands, increase in tooth decay and gum disease."
},
{
"docid": "D1722905#0",
"title": "http://www.informafrica.com/health-africa/nutrition-and-health-benefits-of-tiger-nuts-yellow-nutgrass-chufa-cyperus-esculentus/\nNutrition and Health Benefits of Tiger Nuts (Yellow nutgrass, Chufa, Cyperus esculentus)",
"text": "\"Tiger nuts are often referred to as nature’s richest source of fiber. Tiger nuts have long been recognized for their nutritional benefits as they have a high content of soluble glucose and oleic acid, along with high energy content (starch, fats, sugars and proteins), they are rich in minerals such as phosphorous and potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron necessary for bones, tissue repair, muscles, the blood stream and for body growth and development and rich in vitamins E and C. Tiger nuts have tons of health benefits; Inform Africa hereby brings you some vital information about Tiger nuts below. Tiger nuts have long been recognised for their health benefits as they are high in fibre, proteins, and natural sugars. ( Photo source: Carphauler/webs.com)Sugar-free tiger nut milk is suitable for diabetic people and also helps in weight control, due to its content of carbohydrates with a base of sucrose and starch (without glucose), and its high content of Arginine, which liberates the hormone that produces insulin. It is recommended for those who suffer from indigestion, flatulence and diarrhoea because it provides digestive enzymes like the catalase, lipase and amylase. The high content of oleic acid has positive effect on cholesterol, thereby preventing heart attacks, thrombosis and activates blood content of soluble glucose. Tiger nut reduces the risk of colon cancer. It prevents constipation. Tiger nut contains a good quantity of vitamin B1, which assists in balancing the central nervous system and helps to encourage the body to adapt to stress. The milk supplies the body with enough quantity of Vitamin E, essential for fertility in both men and women."
}
] |
8470 | why did the members of the second continental congress believe that a contract binding the newly-independent states together was necessary? | [
{
"docid": "D2034124#0",
"title": "http://theweakerparty.wikispaces.com/The+United+States+Constitution\nThe United States Constitution",
"text": "\"The United States Constitution Edit 0 72 …0 Tags No tags Notify RSSBacklinks Source Print Export (PDF)The United States Constitution Power Points: 2301-3-USConstitution-spring2012.ppt Details Download 683 KBThis week we cover both the United States and Texas Constitutions. A constitution is a set of rules that outline the basic structure of a government and generally includes an outline of the design of its institutions and its basic powers and limitations. Constitutions, at least since the ratification of the American Constitution, tend to be written out, but some, notably the British Constitution are not, and are simply the embodiment of the organic development of governmental institutions. As we will see, the nature of a constitution's design has ramifications for how power is distributed in society. Fights over both constitutional language and how that language is subsequently interpreted are reflections of this struggle. In American history this struggle boils down to those who want power concentrated at the state level, and those who want power at the national level. In the text below I'll outline the nature of this struggle and how the Constitution ratified in 1789 is best seen as being an uneasy compromise between these two camps. We will also look at the Texas Constitution as well as the nature of state constitutions. State constitutions tend to be longer than the national constitution and Texas is no exception. Only Alabama has a longer constitution."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D497614#0",
"title": "http://homeofheroes.com/hallofheroes/1st_floor/birth/1bc1a.html\nFREEDOM IS BORN",
"text": "\". FREEDOM IS BORNFriday June 7, 1776If the United States of America was born on the 4th of July, the date of conception was June 7, 1776. It was Friday and the members of the Second Continental Congress were eager to end their business and retire for the weekend. Virginia delegate Richard Henry Lee stood before the other delegates and in a clear voice finally said what many members of the Congress had believed privately since King George of England had failed to respond to the grievances of the First Continental Congress. Lee's resolution spelled it out:\"\"RESOLVED: That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally disolved. \"\" It was a brave and unprecedented step. The First Continental Congress had convened in Carpenter's Hall in Philadelphia on September 5, 1774 to consider addressing the ill treatment of the 13 American Colonies by England. In reaction to the \"\"Boston Tea Party\"\" the British Parliament had passed the \"\"Intolerable Acts\"\", provisions the colonists found not only unfair but illegal under British Common Law. Initiated by the Virginia House of Burgesses, all 13 colonies as well as Canada were invited to attend the meeting. Twelve Colonies responded (with Canada and Georgia abstaining), and the 50 delegates met and unanimously elected Virginia Delegate Peyton Randolph as president."
},
{
"docid": "D2384674#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/93540218/us-history-chapters-8-10-flash-cards/\nU.S. History Chapters 8-10",
"text": "136 terms manandappa17U. S. History Chapters 8-10Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort What was Washington's strategy for creating a successful presidency? Implanting his reputation for integrity into the office Why did James Madison undertake the drafting of a Bill of Rights in 1789? He believed it would soothe the divisions of the 1780s What right was omitted in the Bill of Rights? Voting What was the republican notion about concerning marriage in the United States in the 1790s? An affectionate marriage promotes women's service to their husbands and families so that men can better serve the public good How did the creation of the United States Post Office in 1792 aid in stimulating the American economy? It led to a surge in public and private road building to facilitate the transport of mail What accounted for the 35% increase in the US population between 1790-1800? Larger average family size and adequate food and land resources James Madison objected to the proposals in Alexander Hamilton's Report on Public Credit because they profited speculators along with... Leading to high taxation Why was Alexander Hamilton's unsuccessful Report on Manufacturing designed to encourage? Production of American made goods Why did Alexander Hamilton advocate the US government's assumption of the states' wartime debts? Hamilton wanted to cement the nation by consolidating federal power over the states Why did American farmers oppose Hamilton's new excise on whiskey? Their livelihoods dependence on the grain they grew for the distillation of alcohol What did the United States promise to do in the 1790 Treaty of New York?"
},
{
"docid": "D1735017#0",
"title": "http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/paine/\nThomas Paine",
"text": "\"Thomas Paine First published Thu Jul 18, 2013; substantive revision Tue Sep 19, 2017Thomas Paine was a pamphleteer, controversialist and international revolutionary. His Common Sense (1776) was a central text behind the call for American independence from Britain; his Rights of Man (1791–2) was the most widely read pamphlet in the movement for reform in Britain in the 1790s and for the opening decades of the nineteenth century; he was active in the French Revolution and was a member of the French National Convention between 1792 and 1795; he is seen by many as a key figure in the emergence of claims for the state’s responsibilities for welfare and educational provision, and his Age of Reason provided a popular deist text that remained influential throughout the 19 th century. In his own lifetime, and subsequently, he has been extensively vilified and often dismissed. Yet many of his ideas still command wide interest and enthusiasm in readers throughout the world.1. Life2. Political Theory2.1 Society and Government2.2 Rights2.3 Sovereignty and its limits2.4 The New Order of Government2.5 Welfare2.6 Property2.7 Representation3. Religion4. Significance and Legacy Bibliography Archival Resources Paine’s Works Bibliographic works Contemporary Writing Modern Biography and Commentary Academic Tools Other Internet Resources Related Entries1. Life Thomas Paine was born on January 29, 1737 to a family of moderate means in Norfolk, England. His father was a Quaker and his mother an Anglican, and it is likely Paine was baptized into the Anglican church."
},
{
"docid": "D913711#0",
"title": "http://nations.wikia.com/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence\nUnited States Declaration of Independence",
"text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence1823 facsimile of the engrossed copy Created June–July 1776Ratified July 4, 1776Location Engrossed copy: National Archives Rough draft: Library of Congress Authors Thomas Jefferson et al. Signers 56 delegates to the Continental Congress Purpose To announce and explain separation from Great Britain [1]The United States Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain were now independent states, and thus no longer a part of the British Empire. Written primarily by Thomas Jefferson, the Declaration is a formal explanation of why Congress had voted on July 2 to declare independence from Great Britain, more than a year after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. The birthday of the United States of America — Independence Day —is celebrated on July 4, the day the wording of the Declaration was approved by Congress. After finalizing the text on July 4, Congress issued the Declaration of Independence in several forms. It was initially published as a printed broadside that was widely distributed and read to the public. The most famous version of the Declaration, a signed copy that is usually regarded as the Declaration of Independence, is on display at the National Archives in Washington, D. C. Although the wording of the Declaration was approved on July 4, the date of its actual signing is disputed by historians, most accepting a theory that it was signed nearly a month after its adoption, on August 2, 1776, and not on July 4 as is commonly believed. The sources and interpretation of the Declaration have been the subject of much scholarly inquiry. The Declaration justified the independence of the United States by listing colonial grievances against King George III, and by asserting certain natural rights, including a right of revolution. Having served its original purpose in announcing independence, the text of the Declaration was initially ignored after the American Revolution."
},
{
"docid": "D2170843#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/3313802/american-history-1-flash-cards/\nAmerican History 1",
"text": "\"211 terms worobecs American History 1Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortaround the 18th century Date of the enlightenment Voltaire \"\"\"\"Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities. \"\" Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau The French enlightenment thinkers Reason rather than divine revelation or established authority was the true path to understanding the universe French enlightenment argument Founding fathers Who did the French enlightenment thinkers influence? Roman catholic church Which powerful entity did the French enlightenment clash with? * The universe is fundamentally rational and can be understood through empirical observation and the strict application of reason and systematic doubt; * Experience is the foundation of human understanding, and tradition and authority are not to be preferred over experience; * All human life can be understood in the same way that the natural world can be understood; once understood, human life, both social and individual, can be manipulated or engineered; * Human history is largely a history of progress, and human beings can be improved--and even perfected--through education and the development of their rational faculties; * Religious doctrines have no place in understanding the physical and human worlds. What are the fundamental enlightenment principles? Scientists of the 15th century - 17th century Scientific Revolution: Newton, Galileo, Copernicus The founding fathers were inspired by the French Enlightenment thinkers. Who were the Enlightenment thinkers inspired by? On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres What was the name of Copernicus's famous work that explicated his heliocentric model of the universe?"
},
{
"docid": "D581463#0",
"title": "http://www.salemwitchtrials.com/history/1763-1783.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Unit Two: 1763-1783Great Britain Versus France With America as a new prospect for both France and Great Britain , tensions grew between the two countries. The result was a series of wars like King William’s War, Queen Anne’s War, the War of Jenkin’s Ear, King George’s War, and the French and Indian War. Changes in land Claims of 1689, 1713, 1763: Before 1689 almost all of the land belonged to Spain , and France with Britain only starting. Then by 1713 France was dominating the North America and Britain was spreading up and down the coast. In 1763 with the Treaty of Paris, Britain became the overwhelming power. Differences between French and British colonization: The French mostly had fur traders and posts in North America so they could get goods, they were more inland and made friends with the Indians. While the English were settling for good on the shore, making homes and government- they were all there to start a new life. Why Great Britain eventually won: When William Pitt joined the British leaders he turned things around. He began to treat the Americans like equals or allies instead of subordinates. This lead Americans to feel a sense of pride and a renewed sense of spirit that sent them into several victories that made France eventually concede."
},
{
"docid": "D3356364#0",
"title": "http://www.revolutionary-war-and-beyond.com/thomas-jefferson-declaration-of-independence.html\nThomas Jefferson and the Declaration of Independence",
"text": "\"Thomas Jefferson and the Declaration of Independence You probably know that Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence, but how exactly did he go about it? How did he know what to say? How did his thinking on the matters of independence develop? You came to the right place to find out anything about Thomas Jefferson and the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence while he was renting a room in the home of a Philadelphia bricklayer. A replica of the original building, known as the Graff House, stands on the spot in Philadelphia and was built in 1975 by the Independence Hall Association. It is part of Independence National Historic Park and is managed by the National Park Service. You can visit this website to find out the visiting hours and directions. ( The Graff House is known as the Declaration House on the NPS website). The original house was built in 1775 by a well known Philadelphia bricklayer named Jacob Graff, Jr. When Jefferson was asked to write the Declaration, he rented two rooms, a parlor and a bedroom, on the upper floor of this house to get away from the center of the city near the river."
},
{
"docid": "D1868626#0",
"title": "http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/George_Washington\nGeorge Washington",
"text": "\"Previous (George W. Bush) Next (George Washington Carver)George Washington1st President of the United States Term of office April 30, 1789 – March 3, 1797Preceded by None Succeeded by John Adams Date of birth February 22, 1732Place of birth Westmoreland County, Virginia Date of death December 14, 1799Place of death Mount Vernon, Virginia Spouse Martha Custis Washington Political party None (1789-1793) Federalist (1793-1797)George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799) was the commander in chief of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War from 1775 to 1783, and later the first president of the United States, an office to which he was twice elected unanimously (unanimous among the Electoral College) and held from 1789 to 1797. Washington first gained prominence leading Virginia troops in support of the British Empire during the French and Indian War (1754–1763), a conflict which he inadvertently helped to start. After leading the American victory in the Revolutionary War, he refused to lead a military regime, though encouraged by some of his peers to do so. He returned to civilian life at his plantation at Mount Vernon, Virginia. In 1787 he presided over the Constitutional Convention that drafted the current United States Constitution and, in 1789, was the unanimous choice to become the first president of the United States. His two-term administration set many policies and traditions that survive today. After his second term expired, Washington again voluntarily relinquished political power, thereby establishing an important precedent that was to serve as an example for the United States and also for other future republics. Contents [ hide ]1 Early life2 French and Indian War, 1754–17633 American Revolution, 1774–17834 Home in Virginia, 1783–17875 Presidency, 1789–17975.1 Beginnings5.2 Policies5.3 States that Ratified the Constitution6 Retirement and death7 Legacy7.1 Summary of military career8 Personal qualities8.1 Washington and slavery8.2 Religious beliefs8.3 Prayers and a Vision9 Public offices held10 Trivia11 Notes12 References13 External links13.1 Biography13.2 Papers, Speeches and Texts13.3 Other14 Credits Because of his central role in the founding of the United States, Washington is often called the “Father of the Nation.” [ 1] Many scholars rank him, with Abraham Lincoln, among the greatest of United States presidents. Early life According to the Julian calendar, Washington was born on February 11, 1731."
},
{
"docid": "D718549#0",
"title": "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Federalists+versus+anti+-Federalists\nConstitution of the United States",
"text": "\"Constitution of the United States (redirected from Federalists versus anti -Federalists) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia . Constitution of the United States A depiction of George Washington presiding over the signing of the U. S. Constitution in Philadelphia on September 17, 1787. LIBRARY OF CONGRESSA written document executed by representatives of the people of the United States as the absoluterule of action and decision for all branches and officers of the government, and with which allsubsequent laws and ordinances must be in accordance unless it has been changed by a constitutional amendment by the authority that created it. For over 200 years, the Constitution of the United States has served as the foundation for U. S.government. Created in 1787, the U. S. Constitution establishes and defines the basic outlines of a national government that joins the states in an effective political union. The U. S. Constitution hasbeen and remains one of the most enduring political agreements in the history of the world. Throughout its existence, it has served as an inspiring example of the potential of constitutionalgovernment, causing many other countries and peoples to emulate its provisions. According to Article VI of the Constitution, the U. S. Constitution is \"\"the supreme Law of the Land. \"\" All other laws and judicial decisions are subject to its mandates. The Constitution therefore hashigher authority than all other laws in the nation, including statutes and laws passed by Congressand state legislatures."
},
{
"docid": "D2705785#0",
"title": "https://answersinhistory.wordpress.com/series/slavery-in-america/\nSlavery in America",
"text": "Slavery in America The United States of America was founded on such principles as, enumerated in the Thomas Jefferson authored Declaration of Independence, the equality of all men and their natural right to pursue that which makes them free and happy. But were the words “all men are created equal” intended to convey what they seem to say at face value? Did in fact the Framers mean all men, regardless of color? Or was it white men of means and property? And is “all men” to be understood in a generic sense; that is, to include all women as well? That question is for a different paper. The issue at hand here is slavery. How and why could a nation built on a principle, a revolutionary one, of the basic equality of all men, have maintained for nearly a century an institution as unquestionably antagonistic to that very principle and debased as slavery? Why did the men who courageously and eloquently defied the King of England in the name of liberty not see fit to liberate those who toiled in their fields? Indeed, many of the Founders were slaveholders themselves, including three of the first four Presidents."
},
{
"docid": "D1661054#0",
"title": "http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16960/16960-h/16960-h.htm\nHISTORY",
"text": "\"The Project Gutenberg EBook of History of the United States by Charles A. Beard and Mary R. Beard This e Book is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this e Book or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: History of the United States Author: Charles A. Beard and Mary R. Beard Release Date: October 28, 2005 [EBook #16960] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES *** Produced by Curtis Weyant, M and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net HISTORYOF THEUNITED STATESBYCHARLES A. BEARDANDMARY R. BEARDNew York THE MACMILLAN COMPANY1921All rights reserved Copyright, 1921,By THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. Set up and electrotyped. Published March, 1921. Norwood Press J. S. Cushing Co.—Berwick & Smith Co. Norwood, Mass., U. S. A. PREFACEAs things now stand, the course of instruction in American history in our public schools embraces three distinct treatments of the subject. Three separate books are used. First, there is the primary book, which is usually a very condensed narrative with emphasis on biographies and anecdotes. Second, there is the advanced text for the seventh or eighth grade, generally speaking, an expansion of the elementary book by the addition of forty or fifty thousand words. Finally, there is the high school manual. This, too, ordinarily follows the beaten path, giving fuller accounts of the same events and characters."
},
{
"docid": "D3167253#0",
"title": "https://eh.net/encyclopedia/the-economics-of-the-american-revolutionary-war-2/\nThe Economics of the American Revolutionary War",
"text": "The Economics of the American Revolutionary War Ben Baack, Ohio State University By the time of the onset of the American Revolution, Britain had attained the status of a military and economic superpower. The thirteen American colonies were one part of a global empire generated by the British in a series of colonial wars beginning in the late seventeenth century and continuing on to the mid eighteenth century. The British military establishment increased relentlessly in size during this period as it engaged in the Nine Years War (1688-97), the War of Spanish Succession (1702-13), the War of Austrian Succession (1739-48), and the Seven Years War (1756-63). These wars brought considerable additions to the British Empire. In North America alone the British victory in the Seven Years War resulted in France ceding to Britain all of its territory east of the Mississippi River as well as all of Canada and Spain surrendering its claim to Florida (Nester, 2000). Given the sheer magnitude of the British military and its empire, the actions taken by the American colonists for independence have long fascinated scholars. Why did the colonists want independence? How were they able to achieve a victory over what was at the time the world’s preeminent military power? What were the consequences of achieving independence? These and many other questions have engaged the attention of economic, legal, military, political, and social historians."
},
{
"docid": "D3305383#0",
"title": "http://scratchinpost.net/barefootsworld/constit1.html\n.",
"text": "\"This HTML Edition of The Constitution for the United States of America is taken with changes from: \"\"The Constitution of the United States, Its Sources and Its Application\"\" by Thomas James Norton, published by the Committee for Constitutional Government, First printed circa 1922, last known publishing date circa 1969 HTML Edition Copyright 1996 -- Barefoot Bob Mirroring is not Netiquette without the Express Permission of Barefoot Bob Published before the beginning of the \"\"Socializing of America\"\" in 1933, it is the best and most edifying rendition of our Foundation Document that I have found to clarify the intent of the Founders and the understanding of \"\"We the People\"\", the Sovereign Citizens of the United States of America. In this HTML Edition the Text of the Constitution is presented one phrase at a time, immediately followed by the history and reasons for the inclusion of that particular phrase in the Constitution, with reference links to other pertinent data contained elsewhere in the text. Presented to the Sovereign Citizens of the United States of America and the Sovereign Citizens of the WEB as a Work of Love My Appreciation to RHC and to RLG, Patriots and Sovereign Citizens, for their encouragement and assistance and to \"\"Pop\"\", Dean Lewis Hardison, who taught me the importance of our Constitution. Preface We the People of the United States,menaced for the past 100 years by collectivist trends, must seek Revival of Our Strength by re-Educating Ourselves in the Spiritual Foundations, Principles and Ideals which are the bedrock of our Republic, the Principle and Conviction of the Sacredness of every Human Life, and in the understanding of Our Responsibilities in the care and maintenance of those Foundations. To that end is this HTML Edition presented. \"\" Government is not reason, it is not eloquence, it is force; like fire, a troublesome servant and a fearful master. Never for a moment should it be left to irresponsible action.\"\" ----George Washington, speech of January 7, 1790 in the Boston Independent Chronicle, January 14, 1790\"\"The establishment of our institutions,\"\" wrote President Monroe, \"\"forms the most important epoch that history hath recorded. They extend unexampled felicity to the whole body of our fellow-citizens, and are the admiration of other nations. To preserve and hand them down in their utmost purity to the remotest ages will require the existence and practice of virtues and talents equal to those which were displayed in acquiring them."
},
{
"docid": "D1670552#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articles_of_the_confederation\nArticles of Confederation",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Articles of the confederation)navigation search Articles of Confederation Page I of the Articles of Confederation Created November 15, 1777Ratified March 1, 1781Location National Archives Author (s) Continental Congress Signatories Continental Congress Purpose First constitution for the United States; replaced by the current United States Constitution on September 13, 1788The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution. [ 1] It was approved, after much debate (between July 1776 and November 1777), by the Second Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, and sent to the states for ratification. The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1, 1781, after being ratified by all 13 states. A guiding principle of the Articles was to preserve the independence and sovereignty of the states. The federal government received only those powers which the colonies had recognized as belonging to king and parliament. [ 2]The Articles formed a war-time confederation of states, with an extremely limited central government. While unratified, the document was used by the Congress to conduct business, direct the American Revolutionary War, conduct diplomacy with foreign nations, and deal with territorial issues and Native American relations. The adoption of the Articles made few perceptible changes in the federal government, because it did little more than legalize what the Continental Congress had been doing. That body was renamed the Congress of the Confederation; but Americans continued to call it the Continental Congress, since its organization remained the same. [ 2]As the Confederation Congress attempted to govern the continually growing American states, delegates discovered that the limitations placed upon the central government rendered it ineffective at doing so."
},
{
"docid": "D3326384#0",
"title": "http://arw.wikia.com/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation\nArticles of Confederation",
"text": "\"The Articles of Confederation Page I of the Articles of Confederation Created November 15, 1777Ratified March 1, 1781Authors Continental Congress Signers Continental Congress Purpose Constitution for the United States, later replaced by the creation of the current United States Constitution The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, commonly referred to as the Articles of Confederation, was the first constitution of the thirteen United States of America. The Second Continental Congress appointed a committee to draft the 'Articles' in June 1776 and proposed the draft to the States for ratification in November 1777. The ratification process was completed in March 1781, legally federating the sovereign and independent states, allied under the Articles of Association, into a new federation styled the \"\"United States of America\"\". Under the Articles the states retained sovereignty over all governmental functions not specifically relinquished to the central government. On June 12, 1776, a day after appointing a committee to prepare a draft declaration of independence, the Second Continental Congress resolved to appoint a committee of thirteen to prepare a draft of a constitution for a confederate type of union. The last draft of the Articles was written in the summer of 1777 and the Second Continental Congress approved them for ratification by the States on November 15, 1777 in York, Pennsylvania after a year of debate. In practice the final draft of the Articles served as the de facto system of government used by the Congress (\"\"the United States in Congress assembled\"\") until it became de jure by final ratification on March 1, 1781; at which point Congress became the Congress of the Confederation. The Articles set the rules for operations of the \"\"United States\"\" confederation. The confederation was capable of making war, negotiating diplomatic agreements, and resolving issues regarding the western territories. An important element of the Articles was that Article XIII stipulated that \"\"their provisions shall be inviolably observed by every state\"\" and \"\" the Union shall be perpetual \"\"."
},
{
"docid": "D2361579#0",
"title": "http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/connections/thomas-jefferson/file.html\nThe Thomas Jefferson Papers at the Library of Congress",
"text": "\"Print Subscribe Share/Save Give Feedback The Thomas Jefferson Papers at the Library of Congress [Detail] Thomas Jefferson Overview | History | Critical Thinking | Arts & Humanities Collection Overview The Thomas Jefferson Papers at the Library of Congress represents the largest collection of original Jefferson documents in the world. The collection includes correspondence, books, financial accounts, and manuscripts. The material covers Jefferson's drafting of the Declaration of Independence, his position as governor of Virginia, his ministerial positions in Europe, and his two administrations as president including Jefferson's role in the Louisiana Purchase and the War of 1812. The collection documents the construction of the capitol city of Washington, D. C., and the sale of Jefferson's personal library to Congress in 1815. Special Features These online exhibits provide context and additional information about this collection. American Sphinx: The Contradictions of Thomas Jefferson The Jamestown Records of the Virginia Company of London: A Conservator's Perspective Thomas Jefferson Time Line, 1743-1827Virginia Records Time Line, 1553-1743Historical Eras These historical era (s) are best represented in the collection although they may not be all-encompassing. Colonial Settlement, 1492-1763The American Revolution, 1763-1783The New Nation, 1780-1815Expansion and Reform, 1801-1861Related Collections and Exhibits These collections and exhibits contain thematically-related primary and secondary sources. Also browse the Collection Finder for more related material on the American Memory Web site. A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation, 1774-1873Continental Congress Constitutional Convention, 1774-1789George Washington Papers, 1741-1799Portraits of the Presidents and First Ladies, 1789-Present Temple of Liberty: Building the Capitol for a New Nation Thomas Jefferson Exhibit Words & Deeds in American History Other Resources Recommended additional sources of information. Thomas Jefferson Papers: Related Resources Search Tips Specific guidance for searching this collection."
},
{
"docid": "D3322644#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Paine%27s_Common_Sense\nCommon Sense (pamphlet)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Thomas Paine's Common Sense)navigation search\"\"Common Sense\"\" redirects here. For the concept, see Common sense. For other uses, see Common Sense (disambiguation). Common Sense Pamphlet's original cover Author Thomas Paine Country United States Language English Published January 10, 1776Pages 49Common Sense [1] is a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775–76 advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies. Written in clear and persuasive prose, Paine marshaled moral and political arguments to encourage common people in the Colonies to fight for egalitarian government. It was published anonymously on January 10, 1776, at the beginning of the American Revolution, and became an immediate sensation. It was sold and distributed widely and read aloud at taverns and meeting places. In proportion to the population of the colonies at that time (2.5 million), it had the largest sale and circulation of any book published in American history. [ 2] As of 2006, it remains the all-time best selling American title, and is still in print today. [ 3]Common Sense made public a persuasive and impassioned case for independence, which before the pamphlet had not yet been given serious intellectual consideration."
},
{
"docid": "D425922#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_(United_States)\nUnited States Declaration of Independence",
"text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence1823 facsimile of the engrossed copy Created June–July 1776Ratified July 4, 1776Location Engrossed copy: National Archives Rough draft: Library of Congress Author (s) Thomas Jefferson et al. ( engrosser: probably Timothy Matlack)Signatories 56 delegates to the Continental Congress Purpose To announce and explain separation from Great Britain [1]The United States Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (now known as Independence Hall) in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776. The Declaration announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain would regard themselves as thirteen independent sovereign states no longer under British rule. With the Declaration, these new states took a collective first step toward forming the United States of America. The declaration was signed by representatives from New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The Declaration was passed on July 2 with no opposing votes. A committee of five had drafted it to be ready when Congress voted on independence. John Adams, a leader in pushing for independence, had persuaded the committee to select Thomas Jefferson to compose the original draft of the document, [2] which Congress edited to produce the final version. The Declaration was a formal explanation of why Congress had voted on July 2 to declare independence from Great Britain, more than a year after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. Adams wrote to his wife Abigail, \"\"The Second Day of July 1776, will be the most memorable Epocha, in the History of America\"\"— [3] although Independence Day is actually celebrated on July 4, the date that the wording of the Declaration of Independence was approved."
},
{
"docid": "D1530730#0",
"title": "http://www.historynet.com/the-patriot-who-refused-to-sign-the-declaration-of-independence.htm\nThe Patriot Who Refused to Sign the Declaration of Independence",
"text": "The Patriot Who Refused to Sign the Declaration of Independencefacebook twitter linkedin pinterest print By Jack Rakove 6/3/2010 • American History Magazine, Politics The moderates debated whether war with Britain outweighed the real benefits colonists enjoyed as subjects of the king. In the decade before the American colonies declared independence, no patriot enjoyed greater renown than John Dickinson. In 1765 he helped lead opposition to the Stamp Act, Britain’s first effort to get colonists to cover part of the mounting cost of empire through taxes on paper and printed materials. Then, after Parliament rescinded the Stamp Act but levied a new set of taxes on paint, paper, lead and tea with the Townshend Duties of 1767, Dickinson galvanized colonial resistance by penning Letters From a Pennsylvania Farmer, a series of impassioned broadsides widely read on both sides of the Atlantic. He even set his political sentiments to music, borrowing the melody from a popular Royal Navy chantey for his stirring “Liberty Song,” which included the refrain: “Not as slaves, but as freemen our money we’ll give. ”Yet on July 1, 1776, as his colleagues in the Continental Congress prepared to declare independence from Britain, Dickinson offered a resounding dissent. Deathly pale and thin as a rail, the celebrated Pennsylvania Farmer chided his fellow delegates for daring to “brave the storm in a skiff made of paper.” He argued that France and Spain might be tempted to attack rather than support an independent American nation. He also noted that many differences among the colonies had yet to be resolved and could lead to civil war. When Congress adopted a nearly unanimous resolution the next day to sever ties with Britain, Dickinson abstained from the vote, knowing full well that he had delivered “the finishing Blow to my once too great, and my Integrity considered, now too diminish’d Popularity."
},
{
"docid": "D1414335#0",
"title": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2015/06/05/more-evidence-that-the-judicial-power-included-the-power-to-nullify-unconstitutional-laws/\nMore evidence that the âjudicial powerâ included the power to nullify unconstitutional laws",
"text": "I can’t believe that this is the hill that Ed Whelan and Greg Weiner really want to fight on, but I am prepared to defend the high ground: the original meaning of the “judicial power” included the power to declare laws “null and void” and, as a co-equal branch of government, the concurrence of the judiciary on the constitutionality of a law is needed when the law is properly challenged by a member of We the People. In my view, when one does originalism, one must report all the evidence one finds in a particular source, so in my 2004 article, The Original Meaning of the Judicial Power, I presented all the evidence I found on this subject in Madison’s notes of the Philadelphia, including the one person–John Mercer–who did not like this power (though he never denied its existence). I then presented Gouverneur Morris’s reply that he could not agree with Mercer that the judiciary “should be bound to say that a direct violation of the Constitution was law. ”According to Morris, “ A control over the legislature might have its inconveniences. But view the danger on the other side.” A “control over the legislature” does not imply that only the parties before the court are bound by its decision, as Whelan continues to maintain. And Morris was the man credited with drafting the actual words of the Constitution. Whelan was also not persuaded by these quotes: Roger Sherman: A congressional power to nullify state laws was “unnecessary, as the Courts of the States would not consider as valid any law contravening the Authority of the Union….”James Madison: favored such a negative because states “will accomplish their injurious objects before they can be . . . set aside by the National Tribunals. ”Gouverneur Morris: the legislative negative was unnecessary because “A law that ought to be negatived will be set aside in the Judiciary department."
}
] |
8490 | why does sea surface temperature affect hurricanes | [
{
"docid": "D2214559#0",
"title": "http://www.livescience.com/642-warmer-seas-creating-stronger-hurricanes-study-confirms.html\nWarmer Seas Creating Stronger Hurricanes, Study Confirms",
"text": "\"Live Science Planet Earth Warmer Seas Creating Stronger Hurricanes, Study Confirms By Ker Than, Contributing Writer | March 16, 2006 09:00am ETMOREA rise in the world's sea surface temperatures was the primary contributor to the formation of stronger hurricanes since 1970, a new study reports. While the question of what role, if any, humans have had in all this is still a matter of intense debate, most scientists agree that stronger storms are likely to be the norm in future hurricane seasons. The study is detailed in the March 17 issue of the journal Science. An alarming trend In the 1970s, the average number of intense Category 4 and 5 hurricanes occurring globally was about 10 per year. Since 1990, that number has nearly doubled, averaging about 18 a year. Category 4 hurricanes have sustained winds from 131 to 155 mph. Category 5 systems, such as Hurricane Katrina at its peak, feature winds of 156 mph or more. Wilma last year set a record as the most intense hurricane on record with winds of 175 mph. Image Gallery Hurricanes from Above While some scientists believe this trend is just part of natural ocean and atmospheric cycles, others argue that rising sea surface temperatures as a side effect of global warming is the primary culprit. According to this scenario, warming temperatures heat up the surface of the oceans, increasing evaporation and putting more water vapor into the atmosphere."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2943337#0",
"title": "http://www.livescience.com/9349-increase-major-hurricanes-linked-warmer-seas.html\nIncrease in Major Hurricanes Linked to Warmer Seas",
"text": "\"Live Science Planet Earth Increase in Major Hurricanes Linked to Warmer Seas By Bjorn Carey | September 15, 2005 10:01am ETMOREThe number of severe hurricanes has doubled worldwide even though the total number of hurricanes has dropped over the last 35 years, a new study finds. The increase in major storms like Katrina coincides with a global increase of sea surface temperatures, which scientists say is an effect of global warming. The possible relationship between global warming and hurricane strength has been a topic of controversy for years. The new study supports another one released in July, in which climatologist Kerry Emanuel of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology showed for the first time that major storms in both the Atlantic and the Pacific since the 1970s have increased in duration and intensity by about 50 percent. The Names & Numbers Deadliest, costliest, busiest months, worst states, plus this year's storm names and more. How & Where Hurricanes Form The science of monster storms. Katrina Gallery Hurricane Gallery The new reearch finds that total number of hurricanes worldwide – except for in the North Atlantic – decreased during during the period from 1970 to 2004 compared to years prior. Yet in the same period, the global number of intense Category 4 and 5 hurricanes has nearly doubled in number, jumping from 50 per five years during the 1970's to 90 per five years in the last decade. This increase is most evident in the North Atlantic basin, where from 1975 to 1989 there were 16 such hurricanes, but from 1990-2004 there were 25, a 56 percent increase. Warmer seas Using satellite data, the scientists link the increase in major storms to rising sea surface temperatures, which they believe have been influenced by global warming."
},
{
"docid": "D1085027#0",
"title": "https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/arctic-meteorology/factors_affecting_climate_weather.html\nFactors Affecting Arctic Weather and Climate",
"text": "Factors Affecting Arctic Weather and Climate Just like other areas on Earth, a number of factors influence the Arctic climate. Weather and climate depends on a lot of variables, including latitude, temperature, and the mix of land and water. Individually the factors that affect Arctic climate are important. However, they also interact with each other to produce weather patterns and climate feedbacks, which have effects both within the Arctic region and far beyond the Arctic. Considered together, these factors determine the Arctic Energy Budget, or the balance of heat in the Arctic region. Over the course of the year, heat moves northward into the Arctic and escapes through the atmosphere. Learn more about these factors: Latitude and Sunlight Pressure Temperature Geography Wind Humidity Clouds Precipitation Latitude and Sunlight The amount of sunlight hitting the Earth's surface is affected by the tilt of the Earth and its atmosphere. — Credit: Peter Halasz. The Arctic is sometimes called the land of the midnight sun. North of the Arctic Circle, the sun does not set for a period of time during summer, called polar day ."
},
{
"docid": "D3108735#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/208052503/geog-3033-test-5-flash-cards/\nGEOG 3033 (Test 5)",
"text": "\"59 terms cory_hood3GEOG 3033 (Test 5)Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort What is Climate Change? The average of the day-to-day weather observed over a long duration. Also considers seasonal extremes of weather The Earth goes through warm periods and cold periods. Ice ages are a recurring feature of the Earth's climate pattern. .... What are possible causes of climate change? Incoming solar radiation Composition of the atmosphere Earth's surface What are positive and negative feedback mechanisms? Positive - enhance a change (for warming) water vaper-greenhouse feedback snow-albedo feedback Negative - counteract a change (for cooling) greater infared radiation emitted by Earth increased low cloudiness (greater albedo)What gases are included in Greenhouse gasses? CO2 - carbon dioxide H2O - Water vapor CH4 - Methane What is the Melankovitch theory? -"
},
{
"docid": "D2209181#0",
"title": "http://www.ussartf.org/predicting_weather.htm\n.",
"text": "\"United States Search and Rescue Task Force Predicting Weather What Is Weather? Weather simply refers to the condition of the air on earth at a given place and time - whether it is warm or cold, dry or wet, blowing or calm. The condition of air and how it acts to create weather is influenced primarily by two things - heat (the sun) and water. Weather on earth starts with the sun. The sun's heat warms our atmosphere and causes two things to happen:water evaporates into the airair rises As air rises, its temperature drops. As the moisture in the air cools, it condenses into tiny suspended droplets, forming clouds. The droplets inside the clouds become larger a more moisture is evaporated into the air. Eventually, they are too heavy to remain suspended and fall to earth as precipitation - rain, snow, sleet or hail. Fronts and Air Masses Weather maps show the positions of air masses. An air mass is a very large body of air that has similar properties."
},
{
"docid": "D435271#0",
"title": "http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/blog/2012/10/22/what-happens-underwater-during-a-hurricane/\nWhat Happens Underwater During a Hurricane?",
"text": "What Happens Underwater During a Hurricane? Posted on October 22, 2012 by RSMASTweet We think we’re pretty familiar with hurricanes – strong winds, storm surge, flooding rains, ominous satellite images from space, and radar loops when they get near land. But what goes on at and below the ocean’s surface when a hurricane passes overhead? Quite a lot, actually!Effects on the ocean properties The upper levels of the ocean are typically strongly stratified by temperature and by salinity. That is, colder, saltier water lies below the warmer, fresher water near the surface. When a hurricane comes by, it mixes everything up, resulting in a muddled and more homogeneous upper ocean. That means the surface water is cooler and saltier than it was previously was, and deeper water is warmer and less salty than it previously was. However, in very shallow coastal areas, the copious amount of fresh cold rain water from the hurricane can actually reduce the temperature and salinity of the near-surface water. Time series of the vertical profile of temperature and salinity from the ocean’s surface down to 200m, and spanning one day prior to the hurricane’s passage through 2.5 days after the passage. The dramatic mixing down to approximately 150m is evident."
},
{
"docid": "D2786915#0",
"title": "http://w1.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?letter=h\n.",
"text": "\"H-Alpha In solar-terrestrial terms, this absorption line of neutral hydrogen falls in the red part of the visible spectrum and is convenient for solar observations. The H-alpha line is universally used for patrol observations of solar flares. H-component of the Geomagnetic Field (Geomagnetic Elements) In solar-terrestrial terms, the components of the geomagnetic field at the surface of the earth. In SESC use, the northward and eastward components are often called the H and D components, where the D component is expressed in gammas and is derived from D (the declination angle) using the small angle approximation. H0On a buoy report, Significant Wave Height is the average height (meters) of the highest one-third of the waves during a 20 minute sampling period. H5500 millibar level height (in a standard atmosphere this is near 5,500 meters (18,000 ft)H7height of the 700 millibar level. In a standard atmosphere this is near 3,000 meters (10,000 ft)H8height of the 850 millibar level. Hague Line The North Atlantic boundary between the U. S. and Canada fishing waters as determined by the World Court in The Hague, Netherlands. Hail Showery precipitation in the form of irregular pellets or balls of ice more than 5 mm in diameter, falling from a cumulonimbus cloud. Hail Contamination A limitation in NEXRAD rainfall estimates whereby abnormally high reflectivities associated with hail are converted to rainfall rates and rainfall accumulations."
},
{
"docid": "D2469284#0",
"title": "http://climatecenter.fsu.edu/topics/tropical-weather/regional-effects-of-enso-on-us-hurricane-landfalls\nRegional Effects Of ENSO On U.S. Hurricane Landfalls",
"text": "\"Regional Effects Of ENSO On U. S. Hurricane Landfalls CENTER FOR OCEAN-ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTION STUDIESTHE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITYTALLAHASSEE, FL, 32306, USADIRECTOR: DR. JAMES J. O’BRIENREGIONAL EFFECTS OF ENSO ON U. S. HURRICANE LANDFALLSBy CARISSA A. TARTAGLIONEDEBORAH E. HANLEYJAMES J. O’BRIENSHAWN R. SMITHAUGUST 2002TECHNICAL REPORT2002-5TABLE OF CONTENTSFOREWORDABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONBACKGROUNDClimate Impacts Tropical Cyclone Formation Tropical Cyclone Steering METHODOLOGYRESULTSLandfall Probabilities Tracks of Landfalling Hurricanes Regions of Formation Other Analyses CONCLUSIONSAPPENDIX ADEFINITIONSEl Nino/La Nina Study Regions ACKNOWLEDGMENTSREFERENCESFOREWORDThis is the MS thesis of Carissa Tartaglione. She now works at NOAA/NCDC. The research here is one of a series of papers on ENSO Impacts on the United States. We discovered these findings by serendipity. The results are important. All regions of the US coast have an El Niño signal (less hurricanes). All regions have a La Niña signal (more hurricanes). On the Gulf Coast and Florida, La Niña and Neutral have the same signal. Along the East Coast of the U. S., the Neutral probability curve collapses on the El Niño curve."
},
{
"docid": "D1763152#0",
"title": "https://www2.ucar.edu/news/backgrounders/hurricanes-typhoons-cyclones\nUCAR Home About UsJobsDiversity and InclusionStudy+Visit OpportunitiesOur Organizational StructureLocations+ContactsNewsFor News MediaNews ArchiveEventsResearch+Resources EducationResources for EducatorsResources for StudentsBackground on Weather+ClimateFor StaffStaff Notes DailyStaff NewsCommittees+AssembliesResources for StaffClosures+EmergenciesUCAR - University Corporation for Atmospheric Research",
"text": "\"Hurricanes, Typhoons, Cyclones Background on the science, people, and issues involved in hurricane research Frequently asked questions Why do hurricanes happen? What's the difference between a hurricane and a typhoon or tropical cyclone? When is hurricane season? How big and how strong can hurricanes get? Can we control hurricanes? Hasn't the number of hurricanes been going down lately? Are hurricanes striking in new places? Is global warming affecting hurricanes? Advances in hurricane research Understanding hurricane structure and behavior High-resolution forecasts from advanced weather models Visuals Anatomy of a hurricane The eyewall replacement cycle during Katrina Animation of 72-hour forecast on August 27, 2005, about 60 hours before landfall Related Websites Hurricane links Why do hurricanes happen? Most hurricanes start life as areas of rough weather and thunderstorms in the tropics."
},
{
"docid": "D805979#0",
"title": "http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/factspage.php?siteName=oceanfacts&cat=Basics\nBasics:",
"text": "• What is a gyre?• How Many Species Live in the Ocean?• What is a watershed?• What is eutrophication?• What is high tide flooding?• How does sand form?• What does the ocean have to do with human health?• What is a Rossby wave?• Why should we care about the ocean?• What is a tide gauge?• What is a King Tide?• What are the oldest living animals in the world?• What are the Roaring Forties?• Are all fish cold-blooded?• Where do fish go when it freezes outside?• What is ocean noise?• What are the trade winds?• How are satellites used to observe the ocean?• What is an oil seep?• What is coral spawning?• Why do scientists measure sea surface temperature?• What are the doldrums?• What are beach advisories and beach closures?• What are microplastics?• How does land-based pollution threaten coral reefs?• Can a coral reef recover from bleaching and other stressful events?• How does overfishing affect coral reefs?• How does climate change affect coral reefs?• What is ocean etiquette?• What is the difference between local sea level and global sea level?• What color is an iceberg?• What is marine biogeography?• What is the Forchhammer's Principle?• What is a bight?• What is a thermocline?• What is a wetland?• What is aquaculture?• Why does the ocean have waves?• How far does sound travel in the ocean?• What is PORTS®?• What do geodesists do?• What is the International Date Line?• Are there oceans on other planets?• What is a slough?• Is the Earth round?• What is a hurricane?• What is a seiche?• Why do mariners use port and starboard instead of left and right?• What is ocean acidification?• Why do we have spring tides in the fall?• What is the difference between storm surge and storm tide?• What is the difference between a hurricane watch and a warning?• What is the difference between a nautical mile and a knot?• What's the difference between a threatened and endangered species?• What is a perigean spring tide?• How big is the Atlantic Ocean?• What is a datum?• What is an iceberg?• Where do I get NOAA tides and currents data?• What is the geoid?• What is the law of the sea?• What is the difference between weather and climate?• How did the Pacific Ocean get its name?• What is seaweed?• How much of the ocean have we explored?• What is a salt marsh?• How does pressure change with ocean depth?• What is NERRS?• What ocean basin has the most corals?• What is the EEZ?• What is a navigation response team?• Why is the ocean salty, but rivers flowing into it are not?• What is an invasive species?• Why does the ocean get colder at depth?• What is an eddy?• What is the difference between a hurricane, a cyclone, and a typhoon?• What is the significance of the NOAA logo?• What is bathymetry?• What is the National Spatial Reference System?• What is federal consistency?• What is the smallest ocean?• What is the largest ocean basin on Earth?• Can humans drink seawater?• What is the global ocean conveyor belt?• How is sea level rise related to climate change?• What does an oceanographer do?• What is a rip current?• Can the ocean freeze?• What is a tsunami?• What's the difference between an ocean and a sea?• What are the seven seas?• Do volcanoes occur in the ocean?• What are tides?• Why do we have oceans?• How many oceans are there?• How does sound travel in the ocean?• Why is the ocean blue?• How much water is in the ocean?• Why is the ocean salty?• How far does light travel in the ocean?• How much of the ocean have we explored?• What is a sonar?• What is hydrography?• Is sea level rising?• What is an estuary?• How deep is the ocean?"
},
{
"docid": "D108700#0",
"title": "http://www.fondriest.com/environmental-measurements/parameters/water-quality/water-temperature/\nWater Temperature",
"text": "Chapter Overview What is Water Temperature? Why the Temperature of Water is Important Aquatic Life Compound Toxicity Dissolved Oxygen Impact Conductivity Impact Oxidation Reduction Potential Impactp H Impact Water Density and Water Temperature – Freshwater – Saltwater – Ice Formation Thermal Stratification The Effect of Pressure What Factors Influence Temperature? – Sunlight/Solar Radiation – Atmospheric Temperature – Turbidity – Confluence – Man-made Influences Typical Temperature Levels – Unique Conditions Consequences of Unusual Levels – The Importance of Monitoring Units of Temperature Temperature Measurement Methods Thermometers and Thermistors Applications What is Water Temperature? Water temperature is a physical property expressing how hot or cold water is. As hot and cold are both arbitrary terms, temperature can further be defined as a measurement of the average thermal energy of a substance 5. Thermal energy is the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules, so temperature in turn measures the average kinetic energy of the atoms and molecules 5. This energy can be transferred between substances as the flow of heat. Heat transfer, whether from the air, sunlight, another water source or thermal pollution can change the temperature of water. Water temperature plays a major role in the quality of aquatic life and habitats. Heat flow and the fluctuation of temperature determine what species will live and thrive in a body of water."
},
{
"docid": "D1389088#0",
"title": "https://earthdata.nasa.gov/user-resources/remote-sensors\nRemote Sensors",
"text": "\"Remote Sensors Overview Remote sensing instruments are of two primary types—active and passive. Active sensors, provide their own source of energy to illuminate the objects they observe. An active sensor emits radiation in the direction of the target to be investigated. The sensor then detects and measures the radiation that is reflected or backscattered from the target. Passive sensors, on the other hand, detect natural energy (radiation) that is emitted or reflected by the object or scene being observed. Reflected sunlight is the most common source of radiation measured by passive sensors. Active Sensors The majority of active sensors operate in the microwave portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, which makes them able to penetrate the atmosphere under most conditions. An active technique views the target from either end of a baseline of known length. The change in apparent view direction (parallax) is related to the absolute distance between the instrument and target. Laser altimeter —An instrument that uses a lidar to measure the height of the platform (spacecraft or aircraft) above the surface."
},
{
"docid": "D1011509#0",
"title": "http://www.puntacana-travelguide.com/weather-punta-cana.html\nWeather in Punta Cana by Month",
"text": "Weather in Punta Cana by Month What to expect about the average temperatures in Punta Cana during each month? Weather in January During January the weather in Punta Cana is quite comfortable with temperatures ranging from 22°C (71°F) to 27°C (81°F). If you tend to avoid the high temperatures of the summer in the region you should know that January is one of the coldest months in Punta Cana. Also during this time of the year no hurricanes or tropical storms are formed. If you are worried about the rain spoiling your vacation, you must know January is one of the driest months in Punta Cana with an average of 2.6 inches of rainfall. Typically the skies remain clear for the majority of the day with a very small chance of showers in the afternoon. The temperature of the sea is around 26 degrees Celsius (79 degrees Fahrenheit). Another important factor you must take into account is the UV index which is around 8; that is very close to the lowest you can get in the Caribbean. The wind around January oscillates between 4 to 15 mph. Weather in February The weather in Punta Cana during February is very similar to the one in January."
},
{
"docid": "D2134160#0",
"title": "http://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/oceanography/ocean-earth-system/climate-variability/\nClimate Variability",
"text": "\"Climate Variability The ocean is a significant influence on Earth's weather and climate. The ocean covers 70% of the global surface. This great reservoir continuously exchanges heat, moisture, and carbon with the atmosphere, driving our weather patterns and influencing the slow, subtle changes in our climate. The oceans influence climate by absorbing solar radiation and releasing heat needed to drive the atmospheric circulation, by releasing aerosols that influence cloud cover, by emitting most of the water that falls on land as rain, by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it for years to millions of years. The oceans absorb much of the solar energy that reaches earth, and thanks to the high heat capacity of water, the oceans can slowly release heat over many months or years. The oceans store more heat in the uppermost 3 meters (10 feet) that the entire atmosphere, the key to understanding global climate change is inextricably linked to the ocean. Climate is influenced by storage of heat and CARBON DIOXIDE in the ocean, which depends on both physical and biological processes. Let's look at some of these processes. At the end of the last ice age, about 15,000 years ago, and the ice sheets melted away and climate warmed at that time. Ice sheets began to grow, and climate cool about 130,000 years ago at the beginning of the last ice age."
},
{
"docid": "D1570389#0",
"title": "http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/earth/hurricanes-climate.html\nHurricanes and Climate Change",
"text": "\"share Hurricanes and Climate Change By John Mc Quaid Posted 11.15.12 NOVAWhen it engulfed swaths of coastal New York and New Jersey, Hurricane Sandy became an instant symbol of a new age of extreme weather fueled by climate change. New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg endorsed President Obama to nudge him to address climate. Bloomberg Businessweek summed up this sentiment with its Sandy cover story, \"\" It's Global Warming, Stupid. \"\" But is it, really? As one of the most extreme kinds of extreme weather, hurricanes already pose a mortal threat to anyone living along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts and other tropical cyclone trouble spots. If we face the prospect of routine superstorms amped up by the extra heat and moisture from global warming—or, in the case of Sandy, merging with other systems into freakish weather hybrids—that's a truly apocalyptic threat. But like many questions in science, this isn't a case of straightforward cause and effect. Many scientists accept the broad premise that a hotter climate likely contributes to some increase in hurricane strength, that this process is already underway, and that it will intensify. There's also unambiguous evidence that sea level rise, another product of climate change, will contribute to higher, more dangerous hurricane storm surges. Beyond that, though, the science gets more speculative, as it's based on computer models tracking the complex dynamics of climate and weather and an at-times spotty record of hurricane data."
},
{
"docid": "D2901078#0",
"title": "http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/lectures/atm_dyn.html\nAtmospheric Forces, Balances, and Weather Systems",
"text": "\"Atmospheric Forces, Balances, and Weather Systems Introduction The large scale horizontal flow of air in the atmosphere is driven by the imbalance of net radiation over the globe ( Fig. 1, more on that next week). This section introduces us to the physical laws governing the horizontal motion of air. It also describes types of motion systems encountered in the atmosphere. These different types of motion are a result of the fact that the balance of forces acting on the atmosphere depends on the scale of motion. To understand this lecture we should be familiar with: The relationship between forces and motion. The physical law known as Newton's Second Law of motion states: if a net force different than zero is acting on a body, it will accelerate at a rate proportional to the net force. We also need to be aware of the fact that the expression of the Second Law may depend on the frame of reference from which we are watching the motion. Viewing the motion from an accelerating frame of reference introduces apparent forces (or inertial forces). This is the case in the balance describing air flow on Earth as will become clearer later on."
},
{
"docid": "D1259695#0",
"title": "https://www.climate.gov/climate-and-energy-topics/thermohaline-circulation\n.",
"text": "Shifting ocean surface saltiness from 2004-2013July 28, 2014Across the globe, changes in salinity over time generally match changes in precipitation: places where rainfall declines become saltier, while places where rainfall increases become fresher. Where did saltiness change over the past decade? Read more The day before yesterday: when abrupt climate change came to the Chesapeake Bay March 7, 2014In October 2003, a little-known think tank in the Department of Defense quietly released a report warning that climate change could happen so suddenly it could pose a major threat to our country's national security. Why was the Pentagon worried about abrupt climate change? Because new evidence from Greenland showed it had happened before. Read more Melting Ice This activity uses a mix of multimedia resources and hands-on activities to support a storyline of investigation into melting sea and land ice. View Resource Climate Variability in the North Atlantic In this activity, students examine climate variability in the North Atlantic associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NOA) in a case study format. View Resource Hurricanes as Heat Engines In this activity, students examine the effects of hurricanes on sea surface temperature using NASA data. They examine authentic sea surface temperature data to explore how hurricanes extract heat energy from the ocean surface. View Resource Climate Change and the Oceans This activity covers the role that the oceans may play in climate change and how climate change may affect the oceans."
},
{
"docid": "D1474616#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_Current\nLoop Current",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the oceanic phenomenon. For the electrical signaling schemes, see Current loop. For the network analysis variable, see loop current. A map of the Loop Current A parent to the Florida Current, the Loop Current is a warm ocean current that flows northward between Cuba and the Yucatán Peninsula, moves north into the Gulf of Mexico, loops east and south before exiting to the east through the Florida Straits and joining the Gulf Stream. Serving as the dominant circulation feature in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico, the Loop Currents transports between 23 and 27 sverdrups [1] and reaches maximum flow speeds of from 1.5 to 1.8 meters/second. [ 2]A related feature is an area of warm water with an \"\" eddy \"\" or \"\"Loop Current ring\"\" that separates from the Loop Current, somewhat randomly every 3 to 17 months. [ 3] Swirling at 1.8 to 2 meters/second, these rings drift to the west at speeds of 2 to 5 kilometers/day and have a lifespan of up to a year before they bump into the coast of Texas or Mexico. [ 4] These eddies are composed of warm Caribbean waters and possess physical properties that isolate the masses from surrounding Gulf Common Waters. The rings can measure 200 to 400 kilometers in diameter and extend down to a depth of 1000 meters. [ 5]Contents [ hide ]1 Effect on hurricanes1.1 Process1.1.1 Sea level and sea temperature2 Biology3 See also4 References5 External links Effect on hurricanes [ edit]Around 1970, it was believed that the Loop Current exhibited an annual cycle in which the Loop feature extended farther to the north during the summer."
},
{
"docid": "D248419#0",
"title": "https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/03/a-sizzling-gulf-of-mexico-could-bring-more-spring-storms/\nFor the first time, the Gulf of Mexico didnât fall below 73° this winter",
"text": "\"Gulf on fire —For the first time, the Gulf of Mexico didn’t fall below 73° this winter More tornadoes? Probably. But there's no link between winter heat and hurricanes. Eric Berger - 3/1/2017, 7:25 AMSea surface temperature anomaly in the Gulf of Mexico at the end of February. Weather Bell How the average sea surface temperature in 2017 stacks up against historical norms. Michael Lowry Absolute surface temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico at the end of February. Weather Bell A look at temperatures in Galveston this February, with eight record highs. Note that on just two nights did the island reach \"\"normal\"\" low temperatures. National Weather Service Houston meteorologist Matt Lanza recently noted that a city on the upper Texas coast, Galveston, had been setting a staggering number of high temperature records this winter. About one-fourth of the days saw record highs, so Lanza reached out to the local forecast office of the National Weather Service to see if they had any concerns about thermometer calibration or recent land-use changes at Scholes Field in Galveston, where the temperature is recorded."
},
{
"docid": "D3333608#0",
"title": "https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/RisingCost/rising_cost5.php\n.",
"text": "The Impact of Climate Change on Natural Disasters Climate change may not be responsible for the recent skyrocketing cost of natural disasters, but it is very likely that it will impact future catastrophes. Climate models provide a glimpse of the future, and while they do not agree on all of the details, most models predict a few general trends. First, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, an increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will probably boost temperatures over most land surfaces, though the exact change will vary regionally. More uncertain—but possible—outcomes of an increase in global temperatures include increased risk of drought and increased intensity of storms, including tropical cyclones with higher wind speeds, a wetter Asian monsoon, and, possibly, more intense mid-latitude storms. ( For more information, see Global Warming: Potential Effects of Global Warming)Changes in climate not only affect average temperatures, but also extreme temperatures, increasing the likelihood of weather-related natural disasters. If global climate change causes the global average temperature to rise (top), there will be less cold weather, and a greater probability of hot and record hot weather. An increase in temperature variability will extend the extremes of temperature, both cold and hot. An increase in average temperature combined with increased variance will have little effect on cold weather, but hot weather will be more common and record hot weather will increase greatly. ( Figure adapted from Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis)Global warming could affect storm formation by decreasing the temperature difference between the poles and the equator. That temperature difference fuels the mid-latitude storms affect the Earth’s most populated regions."
},
{
"docid": "D929854#0",
"title": "https://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/focus-areas/oceanography\nOceanography",
"text": "Looking at our Earth from space, it is obvious that we live on a water planet. Ocean covers over 70% of the Earth's surface and contains about 97% of the Earth's surface water. Life in the oceans can be found from the surface to the extreme environments at the bottom of the deepest submarine trench. It is not surprising that the oceans represent over 99% of the living space on Earth...we are indeed living on what is truly an ocean planet. Oceans & the Earth System The Physical Ocean The Living Ocean Beyond our Planet Learning Resources Data Resources Oceans Interactive Why does NASA study the ocean? Part of NASA's mission is to develop an understanding of the total Earth system and the effects of natural and human-induced changes on the global environment. Our oceans play a major role in influencing changes in the world's climate and weather. Collecting and analyzing long-term ocean data from satellites is a relatively new field of exploration. The analysis of remotely-sensed ocean data makes it possible to understand the ocean in new and exciting ways. Prior to satellite data, most of what we have learned about the oceans had come from infrequent measurements collected from ships, buoys, and drifters."
}
] |
8494 | why is thomas nast famous | [
{
"docid": "D2027645#0",
"title": "http://www.who2.com/bio/thomas-nast/\nThomas Nast Biography",
"text": "Thomas Nast Biography Cartoonist Illustrator Thomas Nast was America’s first celebrity cartoonist, famous for helping to turn out New York’s corrupt politicians and for creating persistent iconographic images of Santa Claus. Nast, from a family of German immigrants, began working in New York City as a cartoonist at the age of 15. He had a long association with Harper’s Weekly (1861-86), during which his battlefield illustrations and skilled caricatures made him famous in the U. S. and abroad ( Van Gogh was a collector). Nast was an opinionated, progressive Republican, and his illustrated attacks on the leader of New York’s Democrats, William “Boss” Tweed, are said to have helped bring down an era of government corruption. One of the most influential caricaturists of his time, he is credited with creating the image of Santa as a chubby fellow in a red suit. Thomas Nast also came up with the image of an ass to represent Democrats (around 1870) and an elephant to represent Republicans (1874). His popularity waned in the 1880s, and he parted ways with Harper’s Weekly over political and artistic differences. Failing to succeed with his own publication or as a painter, he managed to be appointed by President Teddy Roosevelt in 1902 to a diplomatic position in Ecuador, where he contracted yellow fever and died. Extra credit Now officially embraced icons, the animal symbols of the two political parties were meant by Nast to be unflattering. Related Biographies Vincent Van Gogh Santa Claus Theodore Roosevelt Something in Common with Thomas Nast Libra Cartoonists (6)Models and Artists born in Germany (7)Libra Models and Artists (21)"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1594148#0",
"title": "http://www.teenink.com/nonfiction/all/article/175077/Thomas-Nast-One-of-the-Most-Influential-Figures-During-the-Gilded-Age/\nThomas Nast: One of the Most Influential Figures During the Gilded Age",
"text": "Report Abuse Home > All Nonfiction > Thomas Nast: One of the Most Influential Figures During the Gilded Age Thomas Nast: One of the Most Influential Figures During the Gilded Age February 7, 2010By oakshire24, Greenwich, CTMore by this author Email me when oakshire24 contributes work During the Gilded Age, for the general American city population, life was treacherous. Horse manure and garbage were littered throughout the cities and fires raged wildly. Streets were overwhelmed with so many horsecars, stagecoaches, carriages, and wagons that it was, in fact, dangerous for a pedestrian to even cross the street at times. Furthermore, due to the abundance of factories and coal-heated houses, the city was constantly enveloped in black fumes (Pflueger 5). This is not even mentioning the low pay, unsafe working conditions, and lack of general rights that the majority faced and, most importantly, the shady politics that played its hands throughout (Deitch). The rich and wealthy were more focused on their own personal wealth rather than the common good of the people. Thomas Nast, a heroic American cartoonist, improved society to an extreme and hence enormously influenced the development of America as a nation during the Gilded Age. Nast used freedom of the press, his relentlessness for reform, and his public influence to help change the world to what he believed to be a better place. He could not stand corrupt politicians and “took it upon himself to harass the Tweed Ring continually with his drawings in an attempt to bring the ring down” (along with other corrupt officials) (Pflueger 6). Thomas had little sympathy for public figures that did not focus on public concerns."
},
{
"docid": "D512766#0",
"title": "https://www.historyguy.com/civilwar/brady_mathew.html\nThe History Guy",
"text": "\"Historyguy.com American Civil War Mathew Brady (1823-1896)Mathew Brady: \"\"The Father of Photojournalism\"\"Mathew B. Brady - (1823-1896)Mathew Brady is considered the \"\"Father of Photojournalism,\"\" for his work in photographing the American Civil War in the 1860s. His parents were immigrants from Ireland, and Mathew was born in Warren County in New York State. Mathew Brady studied under Samuel Morse beginning in 1839. Also that year, he met Louis Daguerre, the inventor of the early photograph, the Daguerreotype. Brady took his newfound knowledge in photographic science back to the United States and opened his own gallery. In 1850, Brady published a collection of photographs featuring the most famous Americans of his time, called \"\" A Gallery of Illustrious Americans .\"\" Among the important Americans posing for Brady's portraits was an Illinois politician named Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln later used Brady's portrait of him in his presidential campaign. He met Juliette Handy at his photography studio, and they married in 1851. When she died in 1887, he became depressed and alcoholic."
},
{
"docid": "D2078913#0",
"title": "https://www.loc.gov/rr/european/imde/germchro.html\nThe Germans in America",
"text": "\"The Germans in America Chronology1608 - Several Germans were among the settlers at Jamestown.1626 - Peter Minuit, a German, came to New Amsterdam to serve as the governor of the Dutch colony, New Netherlands. Later he governed the Swedish colony in Delaware.1683 - Thirteen families of German Mennonites seeking religious freedom arrived in Pennsylvania; led by Franz Pastorius, they purchased 43,000 acres of land and founded Germantown, six miles north of Philadelphia. An elderly Amish couple , c. 1940. Prints and Photographs Division The Conestoga wagon was first designed and built by German settlers in Pennsylvania. Prints and Photographs Division LC-USZ62-24396.1700s - The settling of the British colonies by small German-speaking religious groups continued. The groups included Swiss Mennonites, Baptist Dunkers, Schwenkfelders, Moravians, Amish, and Waldensians; most German immigrants belonged to the main Lutheran and Reformed churches. The central colonies received the greatest part of this immigration, especially Pennsylvania . As many as half of these immigrants came as redemptioners, that is, they agreed to work in America for four to seven years in exchange for free passage across the Atlantic. German settlers designed and built the Conestoga wagon, which was used in the opening of the American Frontier.1731 - Protestants were expelled from Salzburg, Austria, in this year. They subsequently founded Ebenezer, Georgia."
},
{
"docid": "D3328222#0",
"title": "https://www.simpletoremember.com/vitals/Christmas_TheRealStory.htm\n.",
"text": "I. When was Jesus born? A. Popular myth puts his birth on December 25 thin the year 1 C. E. B. The New Testament gives no date or year for Jesus’ birth. The earliest gospel – St. Mark’s, written about 65 CE – begins with the baptism of an adult Jesus. This suggests that the earliest Christians lacked interest in or knowledge of Jesus’ birthdate. C. The year of Jesus birth was determined by Dionysius Exiguus, a Scythian monk, “abbot of a Roman monastery. His calculation went as follows:a. In the Roman, pre-Christian era, years were counted from ab urbe condita (“the founding of the City” [ Rome]). Thus 1 AUC signifies the year Rome was founded, 5 AUC signifies the 5 th year of Rome’s reign, etc.b. Dionysius received a tradition that the Roman emperor Augustus reigned 43 years, and was followed by the emperor Tiberius.c. Luke 3:1,23 indicates that when Jesus turned 30 years old, it was the 15 thyear of Tiberius reign.d."
},
{
"docid": "D417440#0",
"title": "https://www.thoughtco.com/republican-elephant-and-democrat-donkey-origin-3368161\nWhere the Republican Elephant and Democrat Donkey Came From",
"text": "\"Humanities ›Issues Where the Republican Elephant and Democrat Donkey Came From A History of Political Party Icons in the United States Share Flipboard Email Print The first appearance of Republican Elephant with a fox in the bottom right corner representing the Democratic party in a political cartoon by Thomas Nast (1840-1902), November 1874. Kean Archives/Getty Imagesby Tom Murse Updated March 06, 2017Republicans have long been associated with elephants, and Democrats have embraced the donkey for centuries in American politics. Related Story: Why Republicans Are Red and Democrats Are Blue But where did those icons come from? And why have the elephant and donkey symbols stood the test of time? About the Democratic Donkey The Democrats' use of the donkey has its roots in the presidential campaign of 1828, often described as one of the dirtiest political campaigns in U. S. history. Related Story: Do Negative Ads Work? President John Quincy Adams was being challenged by Democratic Andrew Jackson, who had a colorful history that his opponents sought to capitalize on. As 19th Century history expert Robert Mc Namara has written:\"\"For those who detested Andrew Jackson, there was a goldmine of material, as Jackson was famed for his incendiary temper and had led a life filled with violence and controversy. He had taken part in several duels, killing a man in a notorious one in 1806. When commanding troops in 1815, he had ordered the execution of militia members accused of desertion."
},
{
"docid": "D1596591#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080401025726AAjlY15\nWhy is USA called Uncle Sam?",
"text": "\"Society & Culture Cultures & Groups Other - Cultures & Groups Why is USA called Uncle Sam? Follow 16 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Historians aren't completely certain how the character \"\"Uncle Sam\"\" was created, or who (if anyone) he was named after. The prevailing theory is that Uncle Sam was named after Samuel Wilson. Wilson was born in Arlington, Mass., on September 13, 1766. His childhood home was in Mason, New Hampshire. In 1789, he and his brother Ebenezer walked to Troy, New York. During the War of 1812, Wilson was in the business of slaughtering and packing meat. He provided large shipments of meat to the US Army, in barrels that were stamped with the initials \"\"U. S.\"\" Supposedly, someone who saw the \"\"U. S.\"\" stamp suggested -- perhaps as a joke -- that the initials stood for \"\"Uncle Sam\"\" Wilson. The suggestion that the meat shipments came from \"\"Uncle Sam\"\" led to the idea that Uncle Sam symbolized the federal government. Samuel Wilson died in 1854."
},
{
"docid": "D1733320#0",
"title": "http://preen.inquirer.net/15988/3-philippine-islands-declared-as-the-best-in-the-world-by-conde-nast-traveler\n3 Philippine Islands Declared the Best in the World by Condé Nast Traveler",
"text": "October 22, 20153 Philippine Islands Declared the Best in the World by Condé Nast Traveler By Olivia Estrada Maybe it shouldn’t come as a surprise to us but according to Condé Nast Traveler the best island in the world is right here in the Philippines. Palawan topped the list of the Best Islands in the World Awards category in this year’s Condé Nast Traveler Reader’s Choice Awards. Also in the list are Cebu and Boracay at no. 19 and no. 15, respectively. Garnering an overall ranking of 85.937, Palawan beat out famous and historical destinations like Mykonos, the British Virgin Islands, and Bali. It is also the second time the island topped the said list, getting the honor at last year’s awards as well. In the write-up, Condé Nast notes how tourists are mainly attracted to the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River, one of the new seven natural wonders of the world. Boracay got a rating of 80. 856 and was commended for its beautiful sunsets along with its booming nightlife."
},
{
"docid": "D417439#0",
"title": "http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/how-did-the-republican-and-democratic-parties-get-their-animal-symbols\nElection 101:How did the Republican and Democratic parties get their animal symbols?",
"text": "History Stories Election 101: How did the Republican and Democratic parties get their animal symbols? History Stories Election 101: How did the Republican and Democratic parties get their animal symbols? By Elizabeth Nix// July 7, 2015America 101: Why a Donkey for Democrats? David Eisenbach explains the origin of the donkey as a symbol of the Democratic party. Print Cite The Democratic Party’s donkey and the Republican Party’s elephant have been on the political scene since the 19th century. The origins of the Democratic donkey can be traced to the 1828 presidential campaign of Andrew Jackson. During that race, opponents of Jackson called him a jackass. However, rather than rejecting the label, Jackson, a hero of the War of 1812 who later served in the U. S. House of Representatives and U. S. Senate, was amused by it and included an image of the animal in his campaign posters. Jackson went on to defeat incumbent John Quincy Adams and serve as America’s first Democratic president. In the 1870s, influential political cartoonist Thomas Nast helped popularize the donkey as a symbol for the entire Democratic Party."
},
{
"docid": "D1482667#0",
"title": "http://www.coca-colacompany.com/stories/coke-lore-santa-claus\n5 Things You Never Knew About Santa Claus and Coca-Cola",
"text": "\"The Santa Claus we all know and love — that big, jolly man in the red suit with a white beard — didn’t always look that way. In fact, many people are surprised to learn that prior to 1931, Santa was depicted as everything from a tall gaunt man to a spooky-looking elf. He has donned a bishop's robe and a Norse huntsman's animal skin. In fact, when Civil War cartoonist Thomas Nast drew Santa Claus for Harper's Weekly in 1862, Santa was a small elflike figure who supported the Union. Nast continued to draw Santa for 30 years, changing the color of his coat from tan to the red he’s known for today. Here, a few other things you may not have realized about the cheerful guy in the red suit.1. Santa Has Been Featured in Coke Ads Since the 1920s The Coca-Cola Company began its Christmas advertising in the 1920s with shopping-related ads in magazines like The Saturday Evening Post. The first Santa ads used a strict-looking Claus, in the vein of Thomas Nast. In 1930, artist Fred Mizen painted a department-store Santa in a crowd drinking a bottle of Coke. The ad featured the world's largest soda fountain, which was located in the department store Famous Barr Co. in St. Louis, Mo. Mizen's painting was used in print ads that Christmas season, appearing in The Saturday Evening Post in December 1930.2."
},
{
"docid": "D2354193#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_political_party_does_the_elephant_represent\nWhy is the Republican Party represented by an elephant?",
"text": "\"Workaholic Hahn 14 Contributions Why is the Republican Party represented by an elephant? Because the elephant never forgets. :) Thomas Nast created a cartoon in 1874 depicting the Republican \"\"vote\"\" as being a foolish elephant being scared by a donkey wrapped in a …Does a mouse represent a political party? No a mouse does not. Navik Painten 7 Contributions What political party does Obama represent? DEMOCRATICJkm Young 1,217,119 Contributions What political party is represented by an elephant? The US Republican party is represented by an elephant. Libertarian1776 97 Contributions What are the animals that represent the political parties? Republican in an elephant, democrat is a donkey, green party is the earth serounded by leaves, Libertarian Party is the statue of Liberty, Constitutional party in a bald eagle …Csanders0 222,356 Contributions Which political party does the donkey represent? The donkey represents the Democratic Party."
},
{
"docid": "D2692739#0",
"title": "https://www.whychristmas.com/customs/fatherchristmas.shtml\nSt. Nicholas, Santa Claus & Father Christmas",
"text": "St. Nicholas, Santa Claus & Father Christmas The Man Behind the Story of Father Christmas/Santa Claus How St. Nicholas Became Santa Claus Santa Claus and Coca-Cola The Man Behind the Story of Father Christmas/Santa Claus St. Nicholas was a Bishop who lived in the fourth century in a place called Myra in Asia Minor (now called Turkey). He was a very rich man because his parents died when he was young and left him a lot of money. He was also a very kind man and had a reputation for helping the poor and giving secret gifts to people who needed it. There are several legends about St. Nicholas, although we don't know if any of them are true!Image from the St. Nicholas Center www.stnicholascenter.org The most famous story about St. Nicholas tells how the custom of hanging up stockings to put presents in first started! It goes like this: There was a poor man who had three daughters. The man was so poor that he did not have enough money for a dowry, so his daughters couldn't get married. ( A dowry is a sum of money paid to the bridegroom by the brides parents on the wedding day. This still happens in some countries, even today.) One night, Nicholas secretly dropped a bag of gold down the chimney and into the house (This meant that the oldest daughter was then able to be married.). The bag fell into a stocking that had been hung by the fire to dry!"
},
{
"docid": "D354718#0",
"title": "http://www.rarenewspapers.com/list?code=Abraham_Lincoln\nAbraham Lincoln",
"text": "\"Abraham Lincoln Authentic newspapers from the 1800's with content related to Abraham Lincoln are some of the most collected issues within the hobby. Genuine newspapers are available from his early days as a lawyer, to his assassination... and onward through the trail and convictions of the conspirators. The related reports of the Battle of Gettysburg are particularly desirable. The issues below have been arranged chronologically, but feel free to arrange by price, most recently listed, or to search by key word within the listings. Web Results (444) Listings on e Bay (100)Sort: Rare & very historic Confederate broadside \"\"Extra\"\" on the Battle of Gettysburg... Item # 602296July 5, 1863 DAILY DISPATCH---EXTRA, Richmond, Virginia, July 5, 1863 * Battle of Gettysburg * Very rare Confederate title * Capital of the Confederacy A great rarity: a Confederate broadside \"\"Extra\"\" reporting on the first two days of the historic Battle of Gettysburg. As the word \"\"broadside\"\" is defined, this is a single sheet printed on the front side only. The heads at the ... See More Available Now$4,850.00View Details »Add to Cart Lincoln delivers his Gettysburg Address... Item # 608288November 21, 1863 NEW YORK DAILY TRIBUNE, Nov. 21, 1863 * President Abraham Lincoln * Gettysburg Address at battlefield cemetery It would be difficult to argue for a more notable or desirable Civil War newspaper. Combine the complete text of the historic Gettysburg Address by President Abraham Lincoln, with this famous title by Horace Greeley, a Lincoln supporter, and this issue makes for one of the be... See More Available Now$2,870.00View Details »Add to Cart Lincoln delivers his Gettysburg Address... Item # 614541November 21, 1863 NEW YORK DAILY TRIBUNE, Nov. 21, 1863 * President Abraham Lincoln * Gettysburg Address at battlefield cemetery It would be difficult to argue for a more notable or desirable Civil War newspaper. Combine the complete text of the historic Gettysburg Address by President Abraham Lincoln, with this famous title by Horace Greeley, a Lincoln supporter, and this issue makes for one of the be... See More Item from Catalog 267 (released for February, 2018)... Available Now$2,870.00View Details »Add to Cart Much more on the Battle of Gettysburg: from a soldier involved... Item # 600993July 17, 1863 DAILY RICHMOND EXAMINER, Virginia, July 17, 1863 * Battle of Gettysburg * Great reporting from rebel eyewitness (soldier) Not only is this a nice newspaper from the Confederacy, but it is from the Confederate capital. The front page has various war-related content, including items headed: \"\"The News\"\" and a lengthier report: \"\"Spies In The South\"\" and other related it... See More Available Now$2,130.00View Details »Add to Cart Much more on the Battle of Gettysburg: from a soldier involved... Item # 601668July 17, 1863 DAILY RICHMOND EXAMINER, Virginia, July 17, 1863 * Battle of Gettysburg * Eyewitness account Not only is this a nice Civil War newspaper from the Confederacy, but it is from the Confederate capital."
},
{
"docid": "D756024#0",
"title": "http://www.differencebetween.net/miscellaneous/politics/difference-between-democrat-and-republican/\nDifference Between Democrat and Republican",
"text": "\"Difference Between Democrat and Republican• Categorized under Ideology, Politics | Difference Between Democrat and Republican Citizens registered as an Independent, Democrat or Republican. Democrats and Republicans are the two main parties in the United States. While recently moderate and alternative parties have become more prominent, Democrats and Republicans remain the two historically largest parties, which hold the majority of the seats in the Senate and in the House of Representatives. Democrats and Republicans have opposing views and positions on several key issues, including economic, political, military and social matters. History and symbols The Democratic Party is associated to the famous Democratic donkey, which first appeared during Democrat Andrew Jackson’s 1828 presidential campaign. After his opponent called him a donkey, Jackson decided to use the image of the animal – which he believed to be smart, brave and strong-willed – on his campaign posters. The symbol became famous when the cartoonist Thomas Nast used the donkey in newspaper cartoons 1. The Democratic Party started in 1828 as anti-Federal faction and grew to become one of the leading political forces of the United States. The Republican Party – also known as GOP, Grand Old Party – is associated to the Republican elephant. In 1874, Thomas Nast introduced the elephant in one of his cartoons and, with time, the strong and dignified animal became the symbol of the Republican Party 2."
},
{
"docid": "D1085855#0",
"title": "http://apus-06-07.wikispaces.com/political+cartoons+-+gilded+age\npolitical cartoons - gilded age",
"text": "\"political cartoons - gilded age Edit 0 32 …0 Tags No tags Notify RSSBacklinks Source Print Export (PDF)ATG - \"\"Bosses of the Senate\"\" The political cartoon drawn by a popular artists, Keppler, in the news article Puck depicts the oversized view of the monopolists in the post Civil War senate. The monopolists are shown to be these large and over bearing men surrounding the senate. The size of the monopolists in the picture show both the power of the monopolies as well as the intimidation that they had over the smaller shown senators. The influence that these monopolies had over the senate where a very important part of the life of all Americans during this time period. The senate was becoming this sort of millionaires club that helped to further spread the influence that the monopolies had over the United States as a whole. Above the bloated figures of the monopolists you will see a corrupt quote that has been changed from the quote found in the Gettysburg Address to, “This Senate of the monopolists, by the monopolists, and for the monopolists.” This quote shows how the view of the United States as a fair and equal has been changed by the influence that the monopolies have had on the senate. Another thing that you will find in the cartoon that is very important to it’s interpretation can be found in the upper left hand corner. There is a door where the people would be able to come into the senate and watch the preceding, however, in the cartoon it is closed off. This shows how the people of the United States have lost their right and power to say what they felt about the senate."
},
{
"docid": "D3470668#0",
"title": "https://trumanlibrary.org/teacher/campaign.htm\nHarry S. Truman Presidential Library & Museum",
"text": "\"Introduction Political and editorial cartoons have long been a part of the propaganda that influences the masses. Originating during the Protestant Reformation in Germany, this visual indoctrination gave support to the cause of Martin Luther's religious reforms. Because of the high illiteracy rate among the public at the time, these cartoons became known for their straightforward simple pictorial nature. American political cartooning assumed this direct appeal to the masses as well. Tracing its origins to Benjamin Franklin and his cartoons asking for unity during the American Revolution were the first of their kind in the new country. Political cartoons in the United States came in and out of prominence through the early nineteenth century. Not until the late 1880's did this media gain true merit again. Pressing for social and political change, the artist Thomas Nast began creating charicatures of the Tweed Ring at Tammany Hall in New York. His approach of using lively pictures that appeal to the masses and using very few words was very effective in enlightening his multi-ethnic New York readers to the injustices of city government. The Truman administration was no stranger to the sneers and jeers of political cartoonists."
},
{
"docid": "D1619450#0",
"title": "http://azdems.ngpvanhost.com/democratic-donkey\nA History of the Democratic Donkey",
"text": "A History of the Democratic Donkey When Andrew Jackson ran for president in 1828, his opponents tried to label him a “jackass” for his populist views and his slogan, “Let the people rule.” Jackson, however, picked up on their name calling and turned it to his own advantage by using the donkey on his campaign posters. During his presidency, the donkey was used to represent Jackson’s stubbornness when he vetoed re-chartering the National Bank. The first time the donkey was used in a political cartoon to represent the Democratic party, it was again in conjunction with Jackson. Although in 1837 Jackson was retired, he still thought of himself as the Party’s leader and was shown trying to get the donkey to go where he wanted it to go. The cartoon was titled “A Modern Baalim and his Ass. ”Interestingly enough, the person credited with getting the donkey widely accepted as the Democratic party’s symbol probably had no knowledge of the prior associations. Thomas Nast, a famous political cartoonist, came to the United States with his parents in 1840 when he was six. He first used the donkey in an 1870 Harper’s Weekly cartoon to represent the “Copperhead Press” kicking a dead lion, symbolizing Lincoln’s Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton, who had recently died. Nast intended the donkey to represent an anti-war faction with whom he disagreed, but the symbol caught the public’s fancy and the cartoonist continued using it to indicate some Democratic editors and newspapers."
},
{
"docid": "D1619455#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_does_the_donkey_symbolize_in_democratic_party\nHow did the Democrats come up with the donkey for their symbol?",
"text": "\"Krolmf 12 Contributions How did the Democrats come up with the donkey for their symbol? Answer . \\n Uh, please look at any newspaper. The elephant is the symbol of the REPUBLICAN party!\\n. \\n Anyway, look up information about the 19th-century cartoonist Thoma …Which political party has the symbol of a donkey? Every political party treat the the people as donkey ride them, rule them; use them, fool them. donkey is ruled by rod. Roibeaird WA 32,635 Contributions Why is the Democratic Party symbol a donkey? Andrew Jackson was the first candidate of the \"\"Democratic\"\" Party. When he ran for re-election, he was called a \"\"Jackass\"\"."
},
{
"docid": "D1552771#0",
"title": "https://people.howstuffworks.com/donkey-elephant.htm\nWhy are a donkey and an elephant the symbols of the Democratic and Republican Parties?",
"text": "\"NEXTWith the donkeys on the right and the elephants on the left, these sculptures are a bit out of place symbolically. Alex Wong/ Getty Images When the Democratic Party gathers for its 2008 convention in Denver, Colo ., a donkey named Mordecai will give new meaning to the term \"\"political animal.\"\" Mordecai is slated to be the first official live mascot in the history of the Democratic Party. The \"\"official 'asscot,\"\" as his owner Curtis Imrie has called him, won't deliver an address to the party like Barack Obama or Hillary Clinton will. But Democrats hope his presence in the Mile High City will provide a light-hearted moment or two at the Democratic National Convention (DNC). There's no word on whether the Republican Party will provide a live counterpart of its animal emblem, the elephant, for its September convention in Minneapolis, Minn. But Mordecai's presence at the DNC raises a sensible question. Just where did these symbols come from? Why do the Democrats choose to affiliate themselves with an oft-ridiculed member of the horse family? And how did the Republicans, the party of social and fiscal conservatism, come to be represented by an ivory-tusked pachyderm?"
},
{
"docid": "D1406446#0",
"title": "http://historynewsnetwork.org/article/162331\nWhy is the Republican symbol an elephant? Why is the Democratic symbol a donkey?",
"text": "\"3-18-16Why is the Republican symbol an elephant? Why is the Democratic symbol a donkey? Google Questions tags: politicsby Katherine De Fonzo Katherine De Fonzo is a student at Fordham and an HNN intern. Thomas H. Nast It is not because humans are, by nature, political animals, although some such as Aristotle have argued that this is the case. The association of these two animals with the dominant political parties in the United States can actually be attributed largely to the work of the German cartoonist Thomas Nast, whose drawings helped illiterate voters in the 19th century better understand politics. At the age of six, Nast moved from Germany to New York City where he studied art. After finding work for both Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper and the New York Illustrated News, he took a job with Harper's Weekly in 1862. His cartoons had the power to change public opinion. His illustration, \"\"Compromise with the South,\"\" was considered by President Lincoln a contributing factor to his re-election as president in 1864. \"\" Compromise with the South\"\"The two cartoons that were responsible for perpetuating the images of the Democratic Donkey and Republican Elephant appeared in Harper's Weekly in the 1870s."
},
{
"docid": "D1937178#0",
"title": "http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/485/46.html\nHUSTLER MAGAZINE v. FALWELL",
"text": "\"Find Law Caselaw United States US Supreme Court HUSTLER MAGAZINE v. FALWELLHUSTLER MAGAZINE v. FALWELLReset AAFont size: Print United States Supreme Court HUSTLER MAGAZINE v. FALWELL, (1988)No. 86-1278Argued: December 2, 1987 Decided: February 24, 1988Respondent, a nationally known minister and commentator on politics and public affairs, filed a diversity action in Federal District Court against petitioners, a nationally circulated magazine and its publisher, to recover damages for, inter alia, libel and intentional infliction of emotional distress arising from the publication of an advertisement \"\"parody\"\" which, among other things, portrayed respondent as having engaged in a drunken incestuous rendezvous with his mother in an outhouse. The jury found against respondent on the libel claim, specifically finding that the parody could not \"\"reasonably be understood as describing actual facts . . . or events,\"\" but ruled in his favor on the emotional distress claim, stating that he should be awarded compensatory and punitive damages. The Court of Appeals affirmed, rejecting petitioners' contention that the \"\"actual malice\"\" standard of New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U. S. 254, must be met before respondent can recover for emotional distress. Rejecting as irrelevant the contention that, because the jury found that the parody did not describe actual facts, the ad was an opinion protected by the First Amendment to the Federal Constitution, the court ruled that the issue was whether the ad's publication was sufficiently outrageous to constitute intentional infliction of emotional distress. Held: In order to protect the free flow of ideas and opinions on matters of public interest and concern, the First and Fourteenth Amendments prohibit public figures and public officials from recovering damages for the tort of intentional infliction of emotional distress by reason of the publication of a caricature such as the ad parody at issue without showing in addition that the publication contains a false statement of fact which was made with \"\"actual malice,\"\" i. e., with knowledge that the statement was false or with reckless disregard as to whether or not it was true. The State's interest in protecting public figures from emotional distress is not sufficient to deny First Amendment protection to speech that is patently offensive and is intended to inflict emotional injury when that speech could not reasonably have been interpreted as stating actual facts about the public figure involved. Here, respondent is clearly a \"\"public figure\"\" for First Amendment purposes, and the lower courts' finding that the ad parody was not reasonably believable must be [485 U. S. 46, 47] accepted. \"\" Outrageousness\"\" in the area of political and social discourse has an inherent subjectiveness about it which would allow a jury to impose liability on the basis of the jurors' tastes or views, or perhaps on the basis of their dislike of a particular expression, and cannot, consistently with the First Amendment, form a basis for the award of damages for conduct such as that involved here."
}
] |
8496 | why is a protozoan considered animal-like? | [
{
"docid": "D1999652#0",
"title": "http://www.weegy.com/?ConversationId=IFNV14FP&Link=i\n.",
"text": "Question and answer Q: Why is a protozoan considered animal-like? It is a heterotroph. It is multicellular. It has a flagellum. It has a cell wall. A: A protozoan considered animal-like because : It is a heterotroph. Get an answer Search for an answer or ask Weegy (Free)Why is a protozoan considered animal-like? It is a heterotroph. It is multicellular. It has a flagellum."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2792126#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_do_scientists_organize_organisms_into_groups\nWhy do scientists organize organisms into groups?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society Society and Civilization Famous People Scientists Why do scientists organize organisms into groups? Flag Why do scientists organize organisms into groups? Answer by William Leung Confidence votes 223Because there are countless numbers of animals and having an organized, internationally recognized system of classification allow scientists to put new-found creatures into previously made categories. Answer: Scientists use DNA to place animals into groups.5 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Why do scientists organize living things into groups?to study organisms easier, i think. What way do scientists group organisms? Scientists group organisms by classifying them into the six kingdoms and then the further phylum by similarities in appearance. They are then classified into species. Awsomekaylen 7 Contributions Why do scientist organize living things into groups?\\n . \\nso that it is easier to study the selected species Why do scientists classify organisms into groups?"
},
{
"docid": "D634672#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/FAQ/10513\nProtozoa",
"text": "\"Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Biology Microbiology Protozoa Unanswered | Answered Protozoa Parent Category: Microbiology Protozoans are unicellular organisms found in many different habitats. They are eukaryotic and can be predators, herbivores or parasites, depending upon the species. The well-known disease malaria is caused by a protozoa.1 2 3 >Amoebas cilliates flagellates and sporozoans are collectively called? Pseudopods which translates to fake feet. Hope this helps!Why does euglena have tail like structure? The Euglena are unicellular organisms with flagella. These flagella are long whip-like tails used for movement Does protozoa contain DNA? Yes,as eukaryotes they have several organelles which includes at least one nucleus which contains most of the cell's DNAWhat is the classification of euglena? Euglenophyta What human cells are similar to an amoeba? Macrophages, or white blood cells."
},
{
"docid": "D1476604#0",
"title": "http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-4_u-92_t-211_c-708/types-of-microorganisms/nsw/science/small-world-(microbiology)/microorganisms:-what-are-they\nTypes of microorganisms",
"text": "Types of microorganisms Unit Home Topic Home Chapter Home 6 Pictures 1 Animations 1 Videos Chapter Summary 0 Activities 1 Exams Introduction This chapter will look at different types of microorganisms. It will discuss their cell structure and functions. It will also discuss the position of microbes in food chains and their role in the biosphere. Archaea (bacteria)Archaea were once thought to be a type of bacteria. After extensive research of their DNA and membrane structure, some scientists decided to put them into a separate group - Archaea. Another group of scientists is still not convinced and refers to them as Archaeabacteria. Archaea are unicellular prokaryotes which make them bacteria-like organisms. Their DNA structure resembles the DNA of eukaryotic cells. Also, the cell walls of Archaebacteria are structurally different from the bacterial ones. Archaea live in environments that would not be suitable for most life forms."
},
{
"docid": "D1064586#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pellicle_(biology)\nProtozoa",
"text": "\"Protozoa From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Pellicle (biology))navigation search Clockwise from top left: Blepharisma japonicum, a ciliate; Giardia muris, a parasitic flagellate; Centropyxis aculeata, a testate (shelled) amoeba; Peridinium willei, a dinoflagellate; Chaos carolinense, a naked amoebozoan; Desmerella moniliformis, a choanoflagellate Protozoa (also protozoan, plural protozoans) is an informal term for single-celled eukaryotic organisms, either free-living or parasitic, which feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic tissues and debris. [ 1] [2] Historically, the protozoa were regarded as \"\"one-celled animals,\"\" because they often possess animal -like behaviors, such as motility and predation, and lack a cell wall, as found in plants and many algae. [ 3] [4] Although the traditional practice of grouping of protozoa with animals is no longer considered valid, the term continues to be used in a loose way to identify single-celled organisms that can move independently and feed by heterotrophy. In some systems of biological classification, Protozoa is a high-level taxonomic group. When first introduced in 1818, Protozoa was erected as a taxonomic class , [5] but in later classification schemes it was elevated to a variety of higher ranks, including phylum, subkingdom and kingdom. In a series of classifications proposed by Thomas Cavalier-Smith and his collaborators since 1981, Protozoa has been ranked as a kingdom. [ 6] [7] [8] The seven-kingdom scheme presented by Ruggiero et al. in 2015, places eight phyla under Kingdom Protozoa: Euglenozoa, Amoebozoa, Metamonada, Choanozoa, Loukozoa, Percolozoa, Microsporidia and Sulcozoa. [ 9] Notably, this kingdom excludes several major groups of organisms traditionally placed among the protozoa, including the ciliates, dinoflagellates, foraminifera, and the parasitic apicomplexans, all of which are classified under Kingdom Chromista. Kingdom Protozoa, as defined in this scheme, does not form a natural group or clade, but a paraphyletic group or evolutionary grade, within which the members of Fungi, Animalia and Chromista are thought to have evolved. ["
},
{
"docid": "D888766#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/71511818/photosynthesis-cellular-respiration-protists-and-fungi-flash-cards/\nPhotosynthesis & Cellular Respiration, Protists, and Fungi",
"text": "\"109 terms lupidiaz Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration, Protists, and Fungi Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sortphotosynthesis Method of converting sun energy into chemical energy usable by cells.autotrophs Self feeders, organisms capable of making their own food.chloroplasts Where does photosynthesis take place in plant cells?chlorophyll Light absorbing pigment molecules.6CO2 + 12 H20 + light energy What are the reactants in photosynthesis? C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H20 What are the products in photosynthesis?12 H20 molecules are required and 6 new H2O molecules are made. Why does water appear on both sides in photosynthesis? O2 What is the byproduct in photosynthesis?potential energy What do electrons increase when moved from water to sugar, therefore making energy required during photosynthesis?light energy What is absorbed by chlorophyll molecules?excites electrons and boosts them to higher energy levels What does light energy do during photosynthesis?electron acceptor molecules What are electrons trapped by during photosynthesis?metabolic fuel Why do both plants and animals both use products of photosynthesis?heterotrophs organisms that must take in energy from outside sources, cannot make their own foodthese foods don't come to us the way our cells can use them What happens when we take in glucose, proteins, and fats? C6H12O6 + 6O2 What are the reactants in cellular respiration?6CO2 + 6H2O What are the products in cellular respiration?6CO2 + 12 H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O What is the whole formula in photosynthesis? C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O What is the whole formula in cellular respiration? Junk Drawer Kingdom What is another name for the protist kingdom?• Eukaryotic • Have cells with nuclei • Live in moist surroundings What are the 3 characteristics protists have in common?diverse What is the best word to describe the protist kingdom?both Are protists unicellular, multicellular, or both? Some are heterotrophic, some are autotrophic, some are both Are protists heterotrophic or autotrophic?• Animal - Like • Plant - Like • Fungus - Like What are the 3 categories of protists?consumers Are animal - like protists consumers, producers, or decomposers?protozoans What is another name for animal - like protists?unicellular Are protozoans multicellular or unicellular? By their locomotion How are protozoans categorized?psuedopods false footamoba Which type of protozoan has psuedopods? Move away from light, trap food, etc."
},
{
"docid": "D499350#0",
"title": "https://students.ga.desire2learn.com/d2l/lor/viewer/viewFile.d2lfile/1798/12792/protists-fungi5.html\nNotes: Kingdom Protista",
"text": "\"Notes: Kingdom Protista Protists are microscopic, unicellular organisms, with a nucleus and other specialized cell structures. Before beginning to study the notes on Protists, take a look at the following short video from Teachers Domain titled Single Celled Organisms. Protists:65,000 identified species with almost half extinctfound in freshwater, marine, and moist terrestrial habitatsmany serve as food for other organisms in aquatic habitats; called zooplankton (protozoans) or phytoplankton (algae)all reproduce asexually but a few can also reproduce sexually, exchanging genetic informationwere the first eukaryotic organisms; thought to have evolved about 1.5 billion years agoprotozoans possibly evolved from the first eukaryotes by endosymbiosis Protists are grouped into 3 general categories:animal-like - referred to as protozoans ( pro means 'first,' and zo refers to 'animals'..the first animals)plant-like - referred to as algaefungus-like - referred to as slime molds and water molds Animal-like Protists The Protozoans Some Protists are heterotrophs which means that they cannot make their own food. Most of these protozoans can move and they do not have a cell wall. Protozoans are divided into 4 main groups based on their MOTILITY (motility refers to their ability to move on their own)1) Sarcodines - (Rhizopods) amoeba is the most familiar sarcodine; also includes Foraminiferans and Radiolarians Image source Motility: they have pseudopods (means \"\"false foot\"\")use their ever moving, shape changing pseudopods to capture food and to move; this is referred to as amoeboid movement.some amoebas that live in freshwater springs in countries such as Mexico can produce a painful diarrhea in those who have not developed an immunity to their effectsreproduce by binary fission Radiolarians found in warm, marine waters have a test (shell) made of silica & have sticky pseudopodia to trap food Marine Foraminiferans have a test made of calcium carbonate with holes through which pseudopodia extend Foraminiferan tests build up and form limestone or chalk (e.g. White Cliffs of Dover)Important food source in marine habitats Image source2) Ciliates (Ciliophorans) paramecium, stentors and vorticella are the most well known ciliates. Image source Motility: move using cilia - tiny hair-like structures used to move, beating them helps move food towards the organismhave two kinds of nuclei-large nucleus controls life functions & small nucleus controls reproduction called conjugation (similar to the conjugation seen in bacteria)reproduce by binary fission Form protective cysts to survive unfavorable conditions Image source3) Zoo Flagellates - (or Mastigophorans) Trypanosomes, Trichomonas & Giardia are examples of flagellates that cause illnesses Motility: flagella that twirl or work like a whipabsorb nutrients through cell membranesflagellates can be animal-like, plant-like or fungus-like; \"\"zoo\"\" means animal, so animal-like flagellates are called zooflagellates)Trypanosomes cause sleeping sickness but are carried only by Tsetse flies; Trichomonas vaginalis is sexually transmitted and causes 'trich' in the female vagina; Giardia is found in feces infested fresh water and is a parasite in the human intestine that causes severe abdominal cramps and diarrhea. Image source4) Sporozoans - ( Apicomplexans ); example: Plasmodium; parasitic protozoans that have no means of motility and must depend upon their host for transport to a new source of nutrients Image source Motility: noneparasites which feed on the cells and body fluids of their hostsuses spores to pass from one host to another Plasmodium causes Malaria and is carried by the Anopheles mosquito Image source Protozoa Summary Phylum Common Name Locomotion Type of Nutrition Examples Sarcodinasarcodinespseudopodiaheterotrophic;some parasitic Amoeba Radiolaria Naegleria Ciliophoraciliatesciliaheterotrophic;some parasitic Paramecium Tetrahymena Balantidium Mastigophoransflagellatesflagellaheterotrophic;some parasitic Trypanosoma Leishmania Giardia Trichonympha Apicomplexanssporozoansnone in adultsheterotrophic;parasitic Plasmodium Toxoplasma Plant-like (unicellular algae)autotrophs (able to produce own food)use light energy to make own food from simple raw materialsmany organisms rely on plant-like protists for foodabout 50 to 60%% of Earths oxygen is released by plant-like protistsmany plant-like protists are flagellates, called phytoflagellates- (phyto- means plant)1) Euglenophytes: Euglenas Image sourceplant-like protists that may have 2 flagella but no cell wall, have chlorophylleuglenas have no cell wall and ingest food similar to the way some protozoans do;euglenas are unique in that the are both photosynthetic and heterotrophicpossess a red 'eyespot' that enables them to detect light2) Dinoflagellates: example: Pfiesterias; Also known as Pyrrhophyta (\"\"fire algae\"\"; Greek pyrrhos, fire)some are photosynthetic, and some are heterotrophs,have flagellareproduce by binary fission Pfiesterias (as shown below) are carnivorus and secrete a toxin that kills fish; they then feed on the dead, decaying fish; they are a reddish color and when they occur in massive numbers, they create a 'red tide'; they produce a paralytic toxin that accumulates in shellfish and can be deadly to humans as well as fish Image source3) Chrysophytesyellow-green and golden-brown algaeare photosyntheticstructure is usually symmetricalstore food as oil rather than starch Image source4) Diatomsproduce thin, delicate cell walls rich in silicon (found in glass)Cell walls fit together like a box (the top is just slightly larger than the bottom Image source The shells of dead diatoms are mined and ground up to be used as an abrasive in toothpaste and scouring powders.5) Chlorophyta Green algae, color comes from chloroplasts Have cell walls Store food as starch Mostly freshwater, few marine, some in damp soil, on tree trunks, other damp surfaces Some, such as spirogyra, are multicellular but are not plants because they have a single layer of cells, as a filament, that can be broken up and each segment can still survive independently; they also do not have any specialized cells or tissues. Some, such as Volvox, are colonial, and exist as groups of individual cells that are connected and cells specialize to either reproduce or form the colony sphere; any cell could also break away and form a new colony Image source The fur of the Green Tree Sloth gets its color from green algae! It shares a symbiotic relationship with the sloth: the sloth, which lives up in the trees, is camouflaged by the algae, and the algae is exposed to sunlight that is scarce in lower regions of the tropical rain forests where sloths live. Plant-Like Protists (Red, Brown, and Green Algae)1) Red Algae: live deep in the water, can harvest light energy very well, contains chlorophyll A and phycobilins; commonly referred to as seaweeds.2) Brown Algae: contain chlorophyll a and c and a brown pigment called fucoxanthin, largest and most complex algae, found in shallow, cool, costal water."
},
{
"docid": "D2036855#0",
"title": "http://plantphys.info/organismal/lechtml/taxonomy.shtml\n.",
"text": "\"Course Schedule Plant Phys Info Homepagexx Email Ross Koning Organisms Can Be Classified Clickable Hierarchy of Classification Biological Classification Organism Names Number of Organisms Number of Kingdoms Cladistic Phylogeny We have learned that Biology is hierarchical having at least these levels: Hierarchy of Biology Biosphere Biome Ecosystem Community Population Organism Organ Systems Organs Tissues Cells Organelles Molecules You might notice above that the level of organism is highlighted, which is perfectly appropriate for this course! So, while biology has all of those levels of organization, we focus in this course mostly upon the individual organism. The big idea for today is to understand that when we look at the organisms, we also find that this single layer itself has many layers in another dimension. Rather than levels of organization, the organisms show incredible diversity that we distinguish in a process often called classification. There are many ways that the organisms might be classified. Humans have traditionally grouped organisms into some major groupings and then subgroupings within each group. Humans love hierarchy, and so we naturally understand how to organize a complex mixture of organisms into groupings. This classification process could have placed the organisms into categories of usefulness...for example: those that provide food, those that provide fuel, those that provide clothing, those that perform work, those that provide pleasure, etc. But of course plants and mammals can supply food, and they can provide clothing. So this kind of classification would be defective in that it would put dissimilar organisms into the same groups...and similar organisms into different groups."
},
{
"docid": "D1972784#0",
"title": "http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Protozoa\nProtozoa",
"text": "\"Previous (Proton) Next (Provence)Paramecium aurelia, a ciliated protozoa. Protozoa (in Greek proto = first and zoa = animals) is a diverse group of single- celled, microscopic or near-microscopic eukaryotes ( organisms whose cells have nuclei) that commonly show characteristics usually associated with animals, most notably mobility and heterotrophy. An organism belonging to this group may be known as a protozoan (plural protozoans) or protozoon (plural protozoa). Both protozoa and protozoans are popular as the plural form. Among well-known protozoans are amoebas, ciliates, paramecia, and dinoflagellates. Protozoa may live freely or as parasites, and may live as single cells or in simple colonies without any differentiation into tissues. While most are microscopic, some grow large enough to be seen unaided. While some are known for causing disease (malaria is caused by parasitic forms), protozoans are vitally important ecologically as key links in food chains. Ubiquitous in aquatic environments and the soil, protozoans prey upon algae, bacteria, and other organisms and are themselves consumed by animals such as micro invertebrates. Protozoa span several phyla that are generally placed not as part of the kingdom Animalia, but rather as part of the kingdom Protista, sometimes known as the \"\"other\"\" kingdom or the \"\"left-overs\"\" kingdom."
},
{
"docid": "D122210#0",
"title": "http://www.pethealthnetwork.com/dog-health/dog-checkups-preventive-care/why-does-my-veterinarian-want-a-poop-sample\nWhy Does My Veterinarian Want a Poop Sample?",
"text": "Dog Health Dog Checkups & Preventive Care Why Does My Veterinarian Want a Poop Sample? Why Does My Veterinarian Want a Poop Sample? Posts by: Dr. Ruth Mac Pete, DVMDog Checkups & Preventive Care Have you ever wondered why veterinarians recommend yearly fecal testing and what exactly is tested for? It’s not because we enjoy pet poop. We recommend “fecals” because they are an important part of your pet’s annual exam. Fecals allow veterinarians to check your pet for intestinal parasites. Intestinal parasites are a major cause of morbidity in pets and also a concern for people. According to Kansas State, 34% of dogs in the United States have some kind of intestinal parasite, and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) says that 14% of people in the U. S. have been infected with the roundworm toxocara. As a result of toxocara infections, approximately 700 people lose vision every year. Fecals are an important tool to ensure that your pet and your household are not infected and exposed to intestinal parasites, respectively."
},
{
"docid": "D1999654#0",
"title": "http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=3694\n.",
"text": "\"Why euglena is not considered either a plant or an animal? Question Date: 2013-01-30Answer 1: Euglena do photosynthesis using the same basic process that plants use. They also move around and eat, as do animals. But you are right that they are not classified as either of these. That is because they are unicellular. “ Uni” means one (a unicycle has one wheel). In order to be classified as a plant or animal, an organism has to be multicellular, or made of more than one cell. Since it is a unicellular organism with some plant and animal characteristics, it is called a protist. Plant cells have walls. There’s no cell wall around a Euglena’s cell membrane, so it is a protozoan."
},
{
"docid": "D3289497#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/science/contractile-vacuole\nContractile vacuole",
"text": "Contractile vacuole, regulatory organelle, usually spherical, found in freshwater protozoa and lower metazoans, such as sponges and hydras, that collects excess fluid from the protoplasm and periodically empties it into the surrounding medium. It may also excrete nitrogenous wastes. In amoebas it changes position with the animal’s movement; in most ciliates it follows a definite path through the cell; in the Euglena and other flagellates it remains stationary. The filling and emptying cycle may last from seconds to a minute, depending on the species. Learn More in these related articles:protozoan: The protozoan cell…environment is achieved by the contractile vacuole. These membrane-bound organelles are situated close to the plasma membrane. They swell with water periodically and then suddenly contract and disappear, forcing their contents from the cell in repeated cycles. In some amoebae and some flagellated taxa the contractile vacuole is formed when…Read Moreexcretion: The contractile vacuoles of protozoans Some protozoan animals possess an organelle having the form of an internal sac, or vacuole, which enlarges by the accumulation of a clear fluid and then discharges its contents to the exterior. The cycle of filling and emptying may be repeated…Read Morealgae: The algal cell Contractile vacuole s are specialized organelles that regulate the water content of cells and are therefore not involved in the long-term storage of substances. When too much water enters the cells, contractile vacuoles serve to eject it."
},
{
"docid": "D665178#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/science/protists-eat-c4dda7cf08b58625\nWhat Do Protists Eat?",
"text": "Science Biology Molecular Biology & DNAQ: What Do Protists Eat? A: Quick Answer Protists form a large and varied group of organisms, which fall into three distinct groups based on what they eat. Photosynthetic protists produce energy from sunlight just as plants do, while chemosynthetic protists break down chemicals. The third group, heterotrophic protists, consume outside material as food. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Are the Characteristics of Protists? How Do Protists Reproduce? What Are Some Plant-Like Protists? Full Answer The largest group of heterotrophic protists is the protozoan group. Protozoa eat single-celled organisms such as bacteria and other protists; they do so either by engulfing their prey with their bodies or via animal-like mouth structures. The best-known type of protozoan is the amoeba, which eats by engulfing bacteria."
},
{
"docid": "D1377337#0",
"title": "http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-protozoa-and-vs-bacteria/\nDifference Between Protozoa and Bacteria",
"text": "\"Difference Between Protozoa and Bacteria Posted on November 8, 2012 by Naveen Protozoa vs Bacteria Out of all the present biomass of the Earth, the vast majority is the microorganisms. The importance of these microorganisms would never be imaginable, given their existence could never be compared with other living beings. Therefore, it would be important to know some understood characteristics of them. The modern biological classification describes all the living beings inside three domains (Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes), which are placed at the highest level of the hierarchy above the well-known kingdom level. Both protozoa and bacteria are microscopic, yet they exhibit very important differences between them, mainly in taxonomic diversity, body size, and other biological aspects. Protozoa Protozoa is one of the main groups of the Kingdom: Protista, which consists of unicellular eukaryotic organisms of a diverse array. Protozoans include organisms related to both animals and plants. Therefore, they have been termed as either phylum or division. However, protozoa are, sometimes, considered as an out-of-date taxonomical clade as DNA analysis information is not available for most them. Nonetheless, four main Subphyla have been described under protozoans based on the mode of locomotion known as Ciliates (Ciliophora), Flagellates (Sarcomastigophora), Amoeboids (Cnidosphora), and Sporozoans (Sporozoa)."
},
{
"docid": "D1352492#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/science/kingdom-paramecium-belong-53a8fa92345b299a\nWhat Kingdom Does a Paramecium Belong To?",
"text": "\"Science Biology Zoology Q: What Kingdom Does a Paramecium Belong To? A: Quick Answer The paramecium belongs to Kingdom Protista. The protists are single-celled organisms that have membrane-bound structures called organelles. Many protists live in watery environments. The paramecium moves around water using tiny hair-like projections called cilia. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Are the Members of the Kingdom Protista? What Kingdom Does Euglena Belong To? What Are Three Interesting Facts About the Kingdom Protista? Credit: Picturepest Flickr CC-BY-2.0Full Answer The paramecia consist of several species, but all have a similar slipper shape surrounded by cilia. Other protozoans include the amoeba and the organisms that cause malaria and African sleeping sickness."
},
{
"docid": "D251004#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa\nProtozoa",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Clockwise from top left: Blepharisma japonicum, a ciliate; Giardia muris, a parasitic flagellate; Centropyxis aculeata, a testate (shelled) amoeba; Peridinium willei, a dinoflagellate; Chaos carolinense, a naked amoebozoan; Desmerella moniliformis, a choanoflagellate Protozoa (also protozoan, plural protozoans) is an informal term for single-celled eukaryotic organisms, either free-living or parasitic, which feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic tissues and debris. [ 1] [2] Historically, the protozoa were regarded as \"\"one-celled animals,\"\" because they often possess animal -like behaviors, such as motility and predation, and lack a cell wall, as found in plants and many algae. [ 3] [4] Although the traditional practice of grouping of protozoa with animals is no longer considered valid, the term continues to be used in a loose way to identify single-celled organisms that can move independently and feed by heterotrophy. In some systems of biological classification, Protozoa is a high-level taxonomic group. When first introduced in 1818, Protozoa was erected as a taxonomic class , [5] but in later classification schemes it was elevated to a variety of higher ranks, including phylum, subkingdom and kingdom. In a series of classifications proposed by Thomas Cavalier-Smith and his collaborators since 1981, Protozoa has been ranked as a kingdom. [ 6] [7] [8] The seven-kingdom scheme presented by Ruggiero et al. in 2015, places eight phyla under Kingdom Protozoa: Euglenozoa, Amoebozoa, Metamonada, Choanozoa, Loukozoa, Percolozoa, Microsporidia and Sulcozoa. [ 9] Notably, this kingdom excludes several major groups of organisms traditionally placed among the protozoa, including the ciliates, dinoflagellates, foraminifera, and the parasitic apicomplexans, all of which are classified under Kingdom Chromista. Kingdom Protozoa, as defined in this scheme, does not form a natural group or clade, but a paraphyletic group or evolutionary grade, within which the members of Fungi, Animalia and Chromista are thought to have evolved. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2494196#0",
"title": "http://www.heronlopes.com/how-do-protozoans-get-their-nutrition.html\nHow Do Protozoans Get Their Nutrition?",
"text": "Mother nature encompasses alluring, enchanting organisms 1 can consider. These creatures may possibly vary from smallest protozoans to greatest mammals. All the creatures have to have food for acquiring strength. The process of capturing food differs in various group of taxa. The way in which the protozoans devour their prey is also impressive. The system of acquiring nutrition is also remarkable. Nutrition is a approach of getting food in and digesting it and assimilating it to receive strength. The approaches in which the protozoans receive their nourishment also varies dramatically. They stand for almost just about every kind of nutrition. They may possibly be holozoic, holophytic, parasitic, coprozoic, mixotrophic, saprozoic.1."
},
{
"docid": "D1986430#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/70584713/science-infectious-disease-flash-cards/\nscience infectious disease",
"text": "42 terms sidneythorntonscience infectious disease Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort The person in direct contact is the only one infected. If you get rabies from a dog bite, why is it not considered to be contagious diseases?invading bacteria What is the most likely cause of strep throat?immune If a certain virus causes people to catch colds and other infections more easily than others. Which body system does the virus affect?. A substance that includes living cells If you needed to grow viruses in the laboratory, what kind of substance would you have to use?first Inflammatory response is the body's ______ line of defense against disease.fever A _______ during inflammatory response signals the immune response to beginpathogens Organisms that can cause diseases are calledimmune system, rest, and tamiflu If you have the flu, which of these will help?bacteria Antibiotics work on which Edward jenner who is most famous for vaccinating a small child against smallpox Alexander Flemming who is famous for discovering penicillinlyme disease, malaria, and rabies Which one of these infectious diseases can be contracted through a bite HIV Which of these infectious diseases attacks your T cellsimmunity Your bodies ability to destroy pathogens before they make you sick is calledbinary fission Bacteria reproduce by a process calledthey are not truly living Which of these is true of virues?bacteria Bacteriophages are viruses that attack and destroyinfectious disease can be passed from one organism to anothersurface proteins Which part of the virus determines which host cells it can infecta living persons skin A fungus that is a parasite might feed onswollen and itchy skin Which of these could be a symptom of tinea pedis? Tina inhales mold spores that irritate respiratory tissue causing her to sneeze. Tina is allergic to mold. Which of these describes how mold affects her?. It is spread by spores that are produced at the site of infection. This answer is correct. Ringworm is not caused by a worm but is actually caused by a fungus."
},
{
"docid": "D495613#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/science/plankton\nPlankton",
"text": "Plankton, marine and freshwater organisms that, because they are nonmotile or too small or weak to swim against the current, exist in a drifting state. The term plankton is a collective name for all such organisms—including certain algae, bacteria, protozoans, crustaceans, mollusks, and coelenterates, as well as representatives from almost every other phylum of animals. Plankton is distinguished from nekton, which is composed of strong-swimming animals, and from benthos, which includes sessile, creeping, and burrowing organisms on the seafloor. Large floating seaweeds (for example, Sargassum, which constitutes the Sargasso Sea) and various related multicellular algae are not considered plankton but pleuston. Pleuston are forms of life that live at the interface of air and water. Organisms resting or swimming on the surface film of the water are called neuston (e.g., the alga Ochromonas ). Phytoplankton includes diatoms such as Navicula and Ditylum. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Zooplankton such as copepods, rotifers, tintinnids, and larvaceans are examples of permanent plankton (holoplankton). Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Plankton is the productive base of both marine and freshwater ecosystems, providing food for larger animals and indirectly for humans, whose fisheries depend upon plankton. As a human resource, plankton has only begun to be developed and exploited, in view of its high biological productivity and wide extent."
},
{
"docid": "D3294622#0",
"title": "https://answersingenesis.org/biology/disease/the-genesis-of-malaria\nThe Genesis of Malaria",
"text": "English/USAnswers Store Outreach Media Kids Education Donate Answers in Depth Browse Volume Answers in Genesis Answers Science Biology Disease The Genesis of Malaria The Genesis of Malaria The Origin of Mosquitoes and Their Protistan Cargo, Plasmodium falciparumby Dr. Alan Gillen and Frank Sherwin on June 19, 2013Share: Abstract Malaria is caused by the parasite belonging to the genus Plasmodium; however, creation biologists maintain this organism was not always parasitic. Plasmodium is probably a degenerate form of algae. Mosquitoes, the vector of Plasmodium, were probably designed to be pollinators, not parasite vectors. In this article, we present both the evolutionary and creation explanation for the origin of malaria with a mention to its vector, the mosquito. The purpose of this article is to provide a reasonable explanation for the genesis of malaria. Microbiology and parasitology research based on the creation paradigm appears to provide some answers to these puzzling questions regarding the Plasmodium “kind” (Family Haemosporidae). Although we cannot be dogmatic (beyond the biblical text) regarding details of Plasmodium ’s origin during Creation Week, we believe that a reasonable extrapolation from Scripture and biological data can be made about the nature of protozoans in a fully mature creation. Shop Now Keywords: malaria, mosquitoes, Plasmodium falciparum, parasitism, genesis of germs, apicoplast, ancient algae, symbiosis, biomatrix, organosubstrate, microbiology, parasitology Malaria is one of the oldest diseases that have continuously plagued mankind. We may have ancient records of malaria-like illness from 5000 years ago in China, 3000 years ago in Egypt and the Middle East (Shah 2011; Perry 2011). 1 There are even mentions in Scripture of such an illness (see below)."
},
{
"docid": "D1210881#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/18163874/chapter-7-section-3-protists-flash-cards/\nChapter 7- Section 3- Protists",
"text": "\"22 terms pieman123456Chapter 7- Section 3- Protists Protists Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort What are the characteristics of animal-like, plantlike and funguslike protists? Like animals, animal-like protists are heterotrophs, and are able to move from place to place to obtain foodprotist a eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as an animal, plant, or fungusprotozoan Animal-like protistpseudopod A \"\"false foot\"\" or temporary bulge of cytoplasm used for feeding and movement in some protozoanscontractile vacuole The cell structure that collects extra water from the cytoplasm and then expels it from the cellcilia The hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a wavelike mannersymbiosis a close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the speciesmutalism a close relationship between organisms of two species in which both organisms benefitalgae Plantlike protists Algae are autotrophs like plantsspore a tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism In what kind of environment do all protists live? Moist Surroundings. They are all also eukaryotes What color pigments can brown algae contain? green, yellow and orange pigment In what environments are water molds found? In wet and moist places List the 4 types of animal-like protists. How does each type move or live? 1. protozoans- move and feed by forming pseudopods 2.protozoans- move with cilia (like hairs with a wave-like motion) 3.protozoans- move with flagella (long whiplike) 4.protoans that are parasites- move w their hosts or move by slime, some have flagella How are these 4 types of protists similar to animals? How are they different?"
}
] |
8497 | why is cerebral autoregulation important | [
{
"docid": "D2850679#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_autoregulation\nCerebral autoregulation",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Cerebral autoregulation is a process in mammals, which aims to maintain adequate and stable cerebral blood flow. While most systems of the body show some degree of autoregulation, [1] the brain is very sensitive to over- and underperfusion. Cerebral autoregulation plays an important role in maintaining an appropriate blood flow to that region. Brain perfusion is essential for life since the brain has a high metabolic demand. By means of cerebral autoregulation the body is able to deliver sufficient blood containing oxygen and nutrients to the brain tissue for this metabolic need, and remove CO 2 and other waste products. Cerebral autoregulation Cerebral autoregulation refers to the physiological mechanisms that maintain blood flow at an appropriate level during changes in blood pressure. However, due to the important influences of arterial carbon dioxide levels, cerebral metabolic rate, neural activation, activity of the sympathetic nervous system, posture, as well as other physiological variables, cerebral autoregulation is often interpreted as encompassing the wider field of cerebral blood flow regulation. This field includes areas such as CO 2 reactivity, neurovascular coupling and other aspects of cerebral haemodynamics. This regulation of cerebral blood flow is achieved primarily by small arteries, arterioles, which either dilate or contract under the influence of multiple complex physiological control systems. Impairment of these systems may occur e.g. following stroke, trauma or anaesthesia, in premature babies and has been implicated in the development of subsequent brain injury."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2941365#0",
"title": "http://cvphysiology.com/Blood%20Flow/BF004.htm\nAutoregulation of Organ Blood Flow",
"text": "\"Home Contents Tutorials/Quizzes Glossary Search Author Autoregulation of Organ Blood Flow Autoregulation is a manifestation of local blood flow regulation. It is defined as the intrinsic ability of an organ to maintain a constant blood flow despite changes in perfusion pressure. For example, if perfusion pressure is decreased to an organ (e.g., by partially occluding the arterial supply to the organ), blood flow initially falls, then returns toward normal levels over the next few minutes. This autoregulatory response occurs in the absence of neural and hormonal influences and therefore is intrinsic to the organ, although thesse influences can modify the response. When perfusion pressure (arterial minus venous pressure, P A -P V) initially decreases, blood flow (F) falls because of the following relationship between pressure, flow and resistance: When blood flow falls, arterial resistance (R) falls as the resistance vessels (small arteries and arterioles) dilate. Many studies suggest that that metabolic, myogenic and endothelial mechanisms are responsible for this vasodilation. As resistance decreases, blood flow increases despite the presence of reduced perfusion pressure. The figure below (left panel) shows the effects of suddenly reducing perfusion pressure from 100 to 70 mm Hg. In a passive vascular bed, that is, one that does not show autoregulation, this will result in a rapid and sustained fall in blood flow. In fact, the flow will fall more than the 30% fall in perfusion pressure because of passive constriction as the intravascular pressure falls, which is represented by a slight increase in resistance in the passive vascular bed."
},
{
"docid": "D288#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_arterial_pressure\nMean arterial pressure",
"text": "\"Mean arterial pressure From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search In medicine, the mean arterial pressure ( MAP) is an average blood pressure in an individual during a single cardiac cycle. [ 1]Contents [ hide ]1 Calculation2 Estimation3 Clinical significance4 See also5 References6 External links Calculation [ edit]Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR) is represented mathematically by the formula:mean arterial pressure R = ΔP/Q [2]R is TPR. ΔP is the change in pressure across the systemic circulation from its beginning to its end. Q is the flow through the vasculature (equal to cardiac output)In other words: Total Peripheral Resistance = (Mean Arterial Pressure - Mean Venous Pressure) / Cardiac Output Therefore, Mean arterial pressure can be determined from: [3]where:is cardiac outputis systemic vascular resistanceis central venous pressure and usually small enough to be neglected in this formula. Estimation [ edit]At normal resting heart rates can be approximated using the more easily measured systolic and diastolic pressures, and: [4] [5] [6]or equivalentlyor equivalentlyor equivalentlywhere is the pulse pressure,At high heart rates is more closely approximated by the arithmetic mean of systolic and diastolic pressures because of the change in shape of the arterial pressure pulse. For a generalized formula of: Where HR is the heart rate. [ 7]Clinical significance [ edit]is considered to be the perfusion pressure seen by organs in the body. It is believed that a that is greater than 70 mm Hg is enough to sustain the organs of the average person. is normally between 65 and 110 mm Hg. [ 8] MAP may be used similarly to Systolic blood pressure in monitoring and treating [ clarification needed] for target blood pressure."
},
{
"docid": "D2649125#0",
"title": "http://ccn.aacnjournals.org/content/23/3/30.full\nManaging Hypertension in Patients With Stroke",
"text": "Skip to main page content HOME CURRENT ISSUE ARCHIVE FEEDBACK SUBSCRIBE ALERTS HELPSearch GOAdvanced »User Name Password Sign In Managing Hypertension in Patients With Stroke Are You Prepared for Labetalol Infusion? Cindy Harrington, RN, CCRN+ Author Affiliations Cindy Harrington is a staff nurse in the intensive care unit at Wentworth Douglass Hospital, Dover, NH. To receive CE credit for this article, visit the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses’ (AACN) Web site at http://www.aacn.org, click on “Education” and select “Continuing Education,” or call AACN’s Fax On Demand at (800) 222–6329 and request item No. 1166. Critical care nurses need expertise in managing hypertension in patients who have had an acute ischemic stroke. Stroke protocols include administration of alteplase (rt PA) and provide guidelines for management of hypertension; IV labetalol is often recommended. The author provides nursing considerations for management of hypertension, including administration of labetalol. The statistics on high blood pressure and stroke are sobering: every year, about 600000 persons in the United States have a stroke (83% ischemic, 17% hemorrhagic). 1 Roughly half of those persons have hypertension, 1 and hypertension develops after stroke in many patients who were previously normotensive. 2 In the landmark 1996 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) trial of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt PA) in patients with stroke, 19% of the subjects were hypertensive at the time of their acute ischemic stroke; within 24 hours, that rate had tripled."
},
{
"docid": "D65917#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isovolumetric_contraction\nIsovolumetric contraction",
"text": "Wiggers diagram of the cardiac cycle, with isovolumetric contraction marked at upper left. In cardiac physiology, isovolumetric contraction is an event occurring in early systole during which the ventricles contract with no corresponding volume change ( isovolumetrically ). This short-lasting portion of the cardiac cycle takes place whilst all heart valves are closed. Contents [ hide ]1 Description2 Etymology3 See also4 References5 External links Description [ edit]In a healthy young adult, blood enters the atria and flows to the ventricles via the opened atrioventricular valves ( tricuspid and mitral valves). Atrial contraction rapidly follows, actively pumping about 20% of the returning blood. As diastole ends, the ventricles begin depolarizing and, while ventricular pressure starts to rise owing to contraction, the atrioventricular valves close in order to prevent backflow to the atria. At this stage, which corresponds to the R peak or the QRS complex seen on an ECG, the semilunar valves ( aortic and pulmonary valves) are also closed. The net result is that, while contraction causes ventricular pressures to rise sharply, there is no overall change in volume because of the closed valves. The isovolumetric contraction phase lasts about 0.03 s, but this short period of time is enough to build up a sufficiently high pressure that eventually overcomes that of the aorta and the pulmonary trunk upon opening of the semilunar valves. This process, therefore, helps maintain the correct unidirectional flow of blood through the heart and circulatory system."
},
{
"docid": "D2372811#0",
"title": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0041134508003552\nLiver anesthesiaIntra-Abdominal Hypertension: Pulmonary and Cerebral Complications",
"text": "Transplantation Proceedings Volume 40, Issue 4, May 2008, Pages 1190-1192Liver anesthesia Intra-Abdominal Hypertension: Pulmonary and Cerebral Complications V. Vegar-Brozovic J. Brezak I. Brozovic Show morehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.03.117 Get rights and content Abstract Intra-abdominal hypertension causes many physiologic changes, primarily by reducing thoracic compliance and secondarily causing organ failure, which is the body's normal response to trauma or acute inflammatory response. Compartment syndrome as a cause of abdominal hypertension has adverse effects on the circulation, threatening the function and viability of tissues. Intra-abdominal hypertension with the clinical picture of compartment syndrome is a reperfusion injury that is a cyclic event. Elevated intra-abdominal pressure due to whatever mechanism affects all intra-abdominal viscera, including the abdominal wall. Due to edema reducing thoracic compliance, producing severe encephalopathy and leading to severe ischemia with generation of significant quantities of reactive oxygen free radicals as well peroxidation products released from the intestine, liver and spleen. Elevated intracranial pressure causes encephalopathy and the risk of neuronal damage due to the sharp decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure. Elevated intracranial pressure is due to restriction of outflow from the lumbar venous plexus. The etiology of the sudden increase in capillary permeability remains unclear. Decompressive laparotomy leads to a rapid improvement in pulmonary parameters and oxygen delivery. The clinical state after decompression is an example of ischemia–reperfusion injury requiring therapy with inotropes and other agents to improve cardiac, respiratory, renal and cerebral hemodynamics with life saving effects."
},
{
"docid": "D583025#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_physiology\nCardiovascular physiology",
"text": "\"Cardiovascular physiology From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Cardiovascular physiology is the study of the circulatory system, specifically addressing the physiology of the heart (\"\"cardio\"\") and blood vessels (\"\"vascular\"\"). These subjects are sometimes addressed separately, under the names cardiac physiology and circulatory physiology. [ 1]Although the different aspects of cardiovascular physiology are closely interrelated, the subject is still usually divided into several subtopics. Contents [ hide ]1 Heart2 Regulation of blood pressure2.1 Hemodynamics3 Regional circulation4 See also5 References6 External links Heart [ edit]Main article: Cardiac physiology Cardiac output (= heart rate * stroke volume. Can also be calculated with Fick principle . ) Stroke volume (= end-diastolic volume - end-systolic volume)Ejection fraction (= stroke volume / end-diastolic volume)Cardiac output is mathematically ` to systole [ clarification needed]Inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic states Cardiac input (= heart rate * suction volume Can be calculated by inverting terms in Fick principle)Suction volume (= end-systolic volume + end-diastolic volume)Injection fraction (=suction volume / end-systolic volume)Cardiac input is mathematically ` to diastole [ clarification needed]Electrical conduction system of the heart Electrocardiogram Cardiac marker Cardiac action potential Frank–Starling law of the heart Wiggers diagram Pressure volume diagram Regulation of blood pressure [ edit]Baroreceptor Baroreflex Renin–angiotensin system Renin Angiotensin Juxtaglomerular apparatus Aortic body and carotid body Autoregulation Cerebral Autoregulation Hemodynamics [ edit]Under most circumstances, the body attempts to maintain a steady mean arterial pressure. When there is a major and immediate decrease (such as that due to hemorrhage or standing up ), the body can increase the following: Heart Total peripheral resistance (primarily due to vasoconstriction of arteries)Inotropic state In turn, this can have a significant impact upon several other variables: Stroke volume Cardiac output Pressure Pulse pressure ( systolic pressure - diastolic pressure)Mean arterial pressure (usually approximated with diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure)Central venous pressure Regional circulation [ edit]Name of circulation % of cardiac output Autoregulation Perfusion Commentspulmonary circulation 100% (deoxygenated)Vasoconstriction in response to hypoxiacerebral circulation 15% [2]high under-perfused Fixed volume means intolerance of high pressure. Minimal ability to use anaerobic respirationcoronary circulation5% high under-perfused Minimal ability to use anaerobic respiration. Blood flow through the left coronary artery is at a maximum during diastole (in contrast to the rest of systemic circulation, which has a maximum blood flow during systole . ) splanchnic circulation 15% low Flow increases during digestion.hepatic circulation 15% Part of portal venous system, so oncotic pressure is very lowrenal circulation 25% high over-perfused Maintains glomerular filtration rateskeletal muscular circulation 17% [3]Perfusion increases dramatically during exercise.cutaneous circulation 2% [4]over-perfused Crucial in thermoregulation."
},
{
"docid": "D374414#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasoconstriction\nVasoconstriction",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Vasoconstriction Transmission electron micrograph showing vasoconstriction of a microvessel by pericytes and endothelial cells resulting in the deformation of an erythrocyte (E). Identifiers Me SH D014661Anatomical terminology [ edit on Wikidata]Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels, in particular the large arteries and small arterioles. The process is the opposite of vasodilation, the widening of blood vessels. The process is particularly important in staunching hemorrhage and acute blood loss. When blood vessels constrict, the flow of blood is restricted or decreased, thus retaining body heat or increasing vascular resistance. This makes the skin turn paler because less blood reaches the surface, reducing the radiation of heat. On a larger level, vasoconstriction is one mechanism by which the body regulates and maintains mean arterial pressure. Medications causing vasoconstriction, also known as vasoconstrictors, are one type of medicine used to raise blood pressure. Generalized vasoconstriction usually results in an increase in systemic blood pressure, but it may also occur in specific tissues, causing a localized reduction in blood flow. The extent of vasoconstriction may be slight or severe depending on the substance or circumstance."
},
{
"docid": "D540635#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/20754458/npcc-rn-4s-t3-neruo-flash-cards/\nNPCC RN 4S T3 Neruo",
"text": "\"79 terms cviscardis NPCC RN 4S T3 Neruo Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Brain Anatomy Brain Lobes -Frontal -Parietal -Temporal -Occipital -Cerebellum Brain stem Frontal Lobe Dysfunction Sequencing Decision making Attention Personality Problem solving Verbal expression Spontaneity Emotions Movement initiation -Flat affect/monotone; concentration; motor function -- Changed personality; Decrease in ability to verbally express themselves; Social and sexual behavior problems Temporal Lobe Dysfunction Problem understanding the spoken word (auditory) Selective attention Sexuality Inhibitions Aggression Identification Categorization Facial recognition Locating objects -- May excessively talk Parietal Lobe Dysfunction Object classification Tactile processing (sensory) Academic skills Cognitive ability Directional understanding Hand-eye coordination Spatial orientation --Higher level of functioning; Difficulty naming objects; Difficulty in processing and understanding what their fingers say they are touching; Things they use to be able to easily do are not diminished or gone; Confusion between the left and the right; Decrease in spatial orientation or where are bodies are in space Occipital Lobe Dysfunction Vision Visual field Locating objects Color identification Hallucinations Word blindness Movement perception Reading/Writing Visual processing --Slow visual processing Problems visually locating objects Distorted vision Inability to perceive how objects move Word blindness: Lose the ability to read or the ability to understand what the basic words mean Cerebellum Dysfunction Gross & fine motor movement skills Voluntary motor skills Balance Equilibrium Coordination Posture Eye movement --Inability to maintain balance and not fall over; Moving eyes side to side and up and down and allowing the eyes to obtain visual information to be processed by the brain Brain Stem Dysfunction Body temperature Heart rate Breathing Balance Movement Swallowing Vertigo Nausea - Relay satation --Damage in regulation; Experience problems in balance and movement Head Injuries Includes injury to: Scalp Skull Brain May range from concussion, to coma, to death. Most serious form is called traumatic brain injury or TBI. --Estimated 1.4 million people sustain a head injury each year in the US The most common causes of TBI's are falls (28%), motor vehicles crashes (20%), being struck by objects (19%), and assaults (11%). Head Injuries Risk Age 15-19 years old Males twice as likely as females Adults 75 years or greater have the highest TBI related to hospitalization and death. Prevention is the best approach to head injury. Head Injuries Pathophysiology Two forms of damage to the brain: Primary injury: Initial damage to the brain that results from the traumatic event. Secondary injury: evolves over the ensuing hours and days after the initial injury. Results from inadequate oxygen and nutrition to the brain cells. --"
},
{
"docid": "D1201192#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertensive_encephalopathy\nHypertensive encephalopathy",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Hypertensive encephalopathy Specialty Emergency medicine, cardiology Symptoms Headache, vomiting, trouble with balance, confusion [1]Complications Seizures, bleeding in the back of the eye [1]Usual onset Sudden [1]Causes Kidney failure, rapidly stopping blood pressure medication, pheochromocytoma, taking monoamine oxidase inhibitor with foods containing tyramine, eclampsia [2]Diagnostic method Blood pressure > 200/130 mm Hg and general brain dysfunction [1]Differential diagnosis Uremic encephalopathy, stroke (ischemic or bleeding ), hydrocephalus, cocaine toxicity [1] [2]Medication Labetalol, sodium nitroprusside [2]Frequency Uncommon [2]Hypertensive encephalopathy ( HE) is general brain dysfunction due to significantly high blood pressure. [ 3] Symptoms may include headache, vomiting, trouble with balance, and confusion. [ 1] Onset is generally sudden. [ 1] Complications can include seizures, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and bleeding in the back of the eye. [ 1] [3]In hypertensive encephalopathy, generally the blood pressure is greater than 200/130 mm Hg. [ 1] Occasionally it can occur at a BP as low as 160/100 mm Hg. [ 4] This can occur in kidney failure, those who rapidly stop blood pressure medication, pheochromocytoma, and people on a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) who eats foods with tyramine. [ 2] When it occurs in pregnancy it is known as eclampsia. [ 2] The diagnosis requires ruling out other possible causes. [ 1]The condition is generally treated with medications to relatively rapidly lower the blood pressure. ["
},
{
"docid": "D583388#0",
"title": "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/973501-overview\nHypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy",
"text": "\"Drugs & Diseases > Pediatrics: Cardiac Disease and Critical Care Medicine Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Updated: Dec 10, 2016Author: Santina A Zanelli, MD; Chief Editor: Ted Rosenkrantz, MD more... Share Email Print Feedback Practice Essentials Perinatal asphyxia, more appropriately known as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), is characterized by clinical and laboratory evidence of acute or subacute brain injury due to asphyxia. The primary causes of this condition are systemic hypoxemia and/or reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) (see the image below). Birth asphyxia causes 840,000 or 23% of all neonatal deaths worldwide. [ 1, 2, 3]Fetal response to asphyxia illustrating the initial redistribution of blood flow to vital organs. With prolonged asphyxial insult and failure of compensatory mechanisms, cerebral blood flow falls, leading to ischemic brain injury. View Media Gallery Signs and symptoms Mild hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy Muscle tone may be slightly increased and deep tendon reflexes may be brisk during the first few days Transient behavioral abnormalities, such as poor feeding, irritability, or excessive crying or sleepiness (typically in an alternating pattern), may be observed Typically resolves in 24h Moderately severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy The infant is lethargic, with significant hypotonia and diminished deep tendon reflexes The grasping, Moro, and sucking reflexes may be sluggish or absent The infant may experience occasional periods of apnea Seizures typically occur early within the first 24 hours after birth Full recovery within 1-2 weeks is possible and is associated with a better long-term outcome Severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy Seizures can be delayed and severe and may be initially resistant to conventional treatments. The seizures are usually generalized, and their frequency may increase during the 24-48 hours after onset, correlating with the phase of reperfusion injury. As the injury progresses, seizures subside and the electroencephalogram becomes isoelectric or shows a burst suppression pattern. At that time, wakefulness may deteriorate further, and the fontanelle may bulge, suggesting increasing cerebral edema. Other symptoms include the following: Stupor or coma is typical; the infant may not respond to any physical stimulus except the most noxious."
},
{
"docid": "D585651#0",
"title": "http://www.easynotecards.com/notecard_set/6750\n.",
"text": "\"11. Where are the base and the apex of the heart? Apex of the heart The apex of the heart is the lowest superficial part of the heart. It is directed downward, forward, and to the left, and is overlapped by the left lung and pleura.22. Which “end” of the heart has vessels attached to it? The base of the heart is the superior end where the major vessels are attached.3What is the pericardial sac? What type of tissue makes up the sac?pericardial sac—>stabilizes the heart and associated vessels within the mediastinum The heart is surrounded by the tough fibrous pericardial sac that is lined with serous membrane. Contains 15-50 ml pericardial fluid which Lubricates and reduces friction.44. Describe the Parietal and Visceral Pericardia. Location, purpose, composition Visceral pericardia- Layer of serous membrane adjacent to the heart tissue."
},
{
"docid": "D1362037#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-systolic_volume\nEnd-systolic volume",
"text": "\"End-systolic volume From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search End-systolic volume ( ESV) is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the end of contraction, or systole, and the beginning of filling, or diastole. ESV is the lowest volume of blood in the ventricle at any point in the cardiac cycle. The main factors that affect the end-systolic volume are afterload and the contractility of the heart. Uses [ edit]End systolic volume can be used clinically as a measurement of the adequacy of cardiac emptying, related to systolic function. On an electrocardiogram, or ECG, the end-systolic volume will be seen at the end of the T wave. Clinically, ESV can be measured using two-dimensional echocardiography, MRI ( magnetic resonance tomography) or cardiac CT ( computed tomography) or SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography). Sample values [ edit]Along with end-diastolic volume, ESV determines the stroke volume, or output of blood by the heart during a single phase of the cardiac cycle. [ 1] The stroke volume is the difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume. The end-systolic values in the table below are for the left ventricle: Ventricular volumesview talk edit Measure Right ventricle Left ventricle End-diastolic volume 144 m L (± 23 m L) [2] 142 m L (± 21 m L) [3]End-diastolic volume / body surface area (m L/m 2) 78 m L/m 2 (± 11 m L/m 2) [2] 78 m L/m 2 (± 8.8 m L/m 2) [3]End-systolic volume 50 m L (± 14 m L) [2] 47 m L (± 10 m L) [3]End-systolic volume / body surface area (m L/m 2) 27 m L/m 2 (± 7 m L/m 2) [2] 26 m L/m 2 (± 5.1 m L/m 2) [3]Stroke volume 94 m L (± 15 m L) [2] 95 m L (± 14 m L) [3]Stroke volume / body surface area (m L/m 2) 51 m L/m 2 (± 7 m L/m 2) [2] 52 m L/m 2 (± 6.2 m L/m 2) [3]Ejection fraction 66% (± 6%) [2] 67% (± 4.6%) [3]Heart rate 60–100 bpm [4] 60–100 bpm [4]Cardiac output 4.0–8.0 L/minute [5] 4.0–8.0 L/minute [5]The right ventricular end-systolic volume (RVESV) normally ranges between 50 and 100 m L. [5]References [ edit]^ Boron WF, Boulpaep EL (2003). Medical physiology : a cellular and molecular approach (1st ed.)."
},
{
"docid": "D1930250#0",
"title": "http://www.nature.com/hr/journal/v36/n2/full/hr2012165a.html\nHypertension and the J-curve phenomenon: implications for tight blood pressure control",
"text": "Altmetric: 0 Citations: 7More detail Commentary Hypertension and the J-curve phenomenon: implications for tight blood pressure control Fabio Angeli, Gianpaolo Reboldi & Paolo Verdecchia The term J-curve is used in several fields of science to refer to a variety of J-shaped diagrams where a curve initially falls, but then rises to higher levels. In cardiovascular (CV) medicine, the J-curve phenomenon arises when a risk factor becomes inversely related to risk below a certain point, whereas the more widely accepted positive risk association exists across most of the observed risk factor distribution. In simpler terms, when elevated blood pressure (BP) is lowered, the risk of CV events decreases, but lowering BP below a critical ‘nadir’ is no longer beneficial and possibly deleterious, thus shaping a J-curve. This phenomenon was originally described for diastolic BP by Stewart 1 in 169 well-matched hypertensive patients treated and followed for 6.25 years. At the end of the study, the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) was five times higher in the patients with achieved diastolic BP<90 mm Hg, compared with those who reached a diastolic BP of 100–109 mm Hg ( P <0.01). Similar observations have been reported later by Cruickshank et al. 2 on 902 hypertensive patients treated with atenolol in combination with other drugs and followed for a mean of 6.1 years. They observed a J-curve relationship between diastolic BP, and MI and death in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). More recently, some post-hoc analyses of randomized clinical trials documented a J-shaped relationship between systolic BP and the risk of CV events ( Figure 1, left panel) and cast doubts to what level the systolic BP should be lowered to optimize treatment. 3Figure 1Clinical trials demonstrating a J-curve effect for cardiovascular events (left panel) and clinical studies without clear evidence of the J-curve phenomenon (right panel)."
},
{
"docid": "D2143849#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/34657291/cerebral-blood-flow-and-regulation-flash-cards/\nCerebral Blood Flow and Regulation",
"text": "46 terms piaiscute Cerebral Blood Flow and Regulation Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortcerebral blood flow supply 2 carotid 2 vertebral brain receives 15% cardiac outputmetabolic factors regulating cerebral blood flow CO2 H O2 substances from astrocytes CO2 + H2O makes bicarbonate which dissociates releasing H ions excess ions cause vasodilation of cerebral vesselssubstances that increase acidity of brain tissues increase cerebral blood flow trueincreased H has what effect on neuronal activity decreaseincrease H, increase blood flow, increase delivery of H, CO2 and acidic substances away from brain tissue true O2 deficiency causes vasodilation which increases brain blood flow and O2 transport to cerebral tissues to normal levelsdecrease in p O2 below 30mm Hg causes increase blood flowloss of CO2 causes decrease carbonic acid in cerebral tissues, decreases H concentration to normal levelswhen increased neuronal activity there is vasoactive metabolites releases from astrocytes (NO, metabolites of arachodonic acid, K, adenosine) mediate local vasodilation and increase cerebral blood flowcerebral blood flow is autoregulated true protect from fluctuations in mean arterial pressureincrease in mean arterial pressure causes sympathetic nervous system to constrict brain arteries to prevent high pressure from reaching small blood vessels- prevents cerebral strokewhich has more metabolic rate gray or white matter gray (neuronal cell bodies present)what happens to walls of small arterioles in hypertension... thickened to remain constricted and prevent transmission of high pressure to capillariesmajor function of CSF buoyancy protection chemical stability prevents brain ischemiawhen contusion occurs on same side as impact coupwhen contusion occurs on other side of impact contrecoupwhere does CSF originate choroid plexus in the 4 ventricles small amounts from ependymal surface and arachnoidal membranessecretion of CSF from choroid plexus depends on active transport of Na and Cl... resulting in osmosis glucose and K and HCO3 also transportedwhere is CSF absorbed arachnoidal villiosmotic pressure equal to plasma, along with Na concentration... CSFCl is greater than in plasma K is less than in plasma glucose less than in plasma CSFperivascular space specialized lymphatic system of brain- transport fluid and proteinsblockage of cerebral blood vessels resulting in disturbances of function cerebral strokecauses of stroke arteriosclerotic plaques high BP blockage of middle cerebral artery- sensory and motor abnormalities blockage of posterior cerebral artery- vision lossbrain tumor elevates CSF by decreasing reabsorption of CSF back into bloodhemorage or infection of cranium RBC/WBC leaks into CSF, blockage of absorption channels through villihigh CSF in babies due to high resistance to fluid reabsorption through villi truepapilledema high CSF pushes fluid near optic nerve high pressure decreases outward fluid flow in optic nerves pressure in optic nerve impedes blood flow in retinal vein increase retinal capillary pressure resulting in retinal edemaexcess water in cranial vault due to impaired absorption hydrocephaluscommunicating hydrocephalus blockage of villi blockage of fluid flow in subarachnoidal spacesnon communicating fluid out of ventricles blockes increased volume in ventricles CSF communicates with brain extracellular spacebarriers of blood and brain at choroid plexus, tissue capillary membranes BBB is permeable to water, CO2, O2, lipid soluble BBB is impermeable to proteins and non lipid large moleculesexcess fluid in brain causes decrease flow and destructioncauses of brain edema increase capillary pressure or damage to capillary wall causing lead brain concussion resulting in traumatization of brain tissues and capillariesvasogenic cerebral edema due to breakdown of endothelial tight junctions in BBBcytotoxic cerebral edema inadequate functioning of Na/K pumps in glial cells causes increased cellular retention of Na/waterosmotic cerebral edema occurs when brain fluid osmolality exceeds plasmainterstitial cerebral edema due to rupture of the blood CSF barrieredema vicious cycle compresses vasculature decrease blood flow brain ischemia arteriolar dilation further increase in capillary pressure more edemavicious cycle reduced flow decrease O2 increase capillary permeability more fluid leakage turns of Na pumps swelling occursneed for metabolism in neurons Na/Ca to outside neuronal membrain and K to interiorbrain requires O2 and glucose insulin independent"
},
{
"docid": "D1562227#0",
"title": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278591905700594\nSECOND-IMPACT SYNDROME",
"text": "Clinics in Sports Medicine Volume 17, Issue 1, 1 January 1998, Pages 37-44SECOND-IMPACT SYNDROMEMD FACS FACSM Robert C. Cantu *Show morehttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-5919 (05)70059-4 Get rights and content If we define a direct fatality as one occurring directly from participation in the skills of a sport as opposed to an indirect fatality, which is one caused by systemic failure as a result of exertion while participating in a sport, head injury is the most frequent direct cause of death in sport. 16Furthermore, injury to the head takes on a singular importance when we realize the brain is neither capable of regeneration nor, unlike many other body parts and organs, of transplantation. Every effort must be made to protect the athlete's head as injury can lead to dementia, epilepsy, paralysis, and death. Over the last 20 years there has been a dramatic decrease in the most serious head injuries—especially the incidence of subdural hematoma—due to multiple factors including rule changes, such as outlawing spear tackling and butt blocking in American football, equipment standards, better conditioning of the neck, and improved on-field medical care. During this same time period, and especially within the last 5 years, there has been a dramatic increase in the literature citations of the second-impact syndrome (SIS) with 17 of 24 citations coming between 1992 and the present. We have no reason, however, to assume the incidence of SIS has increased as the number of cases seen annually in football has remained at one or two. Rather, we believe this condition is better recognized and reported by sports medicine professionals today. Recognition of a head injury is easy if the athlete has lost consciousness. It is much more difficult to recognize the far more frequent head injuries in which there is no loss of consciousness but rather only a transient loss of alertness. More than 90% of all cerebral concussions fall into this most mild category where there has not been a loss of consciousness but rather only a brief period of post-traumatic amnesia or loss of mental alertness."
},
{
"docid": "D1070290#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-impact_syndrome\nSecond-impact syndrome",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Second-impact syndrome ( SIS) occurs when the brain swells rapidly, and catastrophically, after a person suffers a second concussion before symptoms from an earlier one have subsided. This second blow may occur minutes, days or weeks after an initial concussion, [1] and even the mildest grade of concussion can lead to SIS. [ 2] The condition is often fatal, and almost everyone who is not killed is severely disabled. The cause of SIS is uncertain, but it is thought that the brain's arterioles lose their ability to regulate their diameter, and therefore lose control over cerebral blood flow, causing massive cerebral edema. [ 2]Most cases of SIS have occurred in young people, who are thought to be particularly vulnerable. In order to prevent SIS, guidelines have been established to prohibit athletes from returning to a game prematurely. For example, professionals recommend that athletes not return to play before symptoms of an initial head injury have resolved. [ 3]Due to the very small number of recorded cases of SIS, there is doubt about whether it is a valid diagnosis. However, the syndrome is recognized by physicians. [ 4]Contents [ hide ]1 Features2 Risks3 Pathophysiology4 Diagnosis5 Prevention6 Treatment7 Prognosis8 Epidemiology9 History10 Controversy11 See also12 References Features [ edit]SIS is the most serious potential complication that could result from an athlete returning to a game before symptoms from a minor head injury have subsided. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1137755#0",
"title": "http://www.clinicaladvisor.com/hospital-medicine/hypertensive-emergencies/article/599341/\nHypertensive Emergencies",
"text": "Hospital Medicine Hypertensive Emergencies By Syeda Uzma Abbas Jump to Section I. Problem/Condition. II. Diagnostic Approach A. What is the differential diagnosis for this problem? Hypertensive urgency Hypertensive emergency Accelerated-malignant hypertension Hypertensive encephalopathy B. Describe a diagnostic approach/method to the patient with this problem Diagnostic evaluation1. Historical information important in the diagnosis of this problem.2. Physical Examination maneuvers that are likely to be useful in diagnosing the cause of this problem.3. Laboratory, radiographic and other tests that are likely to be useful in diagnosing the cause of this problem. C. Criteria for Diagnosing Each Diagnosis in the Method Above. III. Management while the Diagnostic Process is Proceeding Initial management of blood pressure and autoregulation Initial goal of blood pressure control Parenteral agents Special considerations in select hypertensive emergencies I. Problem/Condition."
},
{
"docid": "D1089640#0",
"title": "https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/central-nervous-system-12/protection-of-the-brain-116/ventricles-636-9194/\nProtection of the Brain",
"text": "Blood-Brain Barrier Tight junctions present in the blood-brain barrier separate circulating blood from cerebrospinal fluid, regulating diffusion into the brain. Learning Objectives Describe the function of the blood-brain barrier Key Takeaways Key Points The blood – brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells restrict the passage of substances from the bloodstream to a greater extent than endothelial cells in capillaries elsewhere in the body. The BBB results from the selectivity of the tight junctions between endothelial cells in central nervous system (CNS) vessels that restrict the passage of solutes. Several areas of the human brain are not protected by the BBB, including the circumventricular organs. Tight junctions are composed of transmembrane proteins such as occludin and the claudins. The BBB effectively protects the brain from many common bacterial infections. However, since antibodies and antibiotics are too large to cross the BBB, infections of the brain that do occur are often difficult to treat. Key Termsastrocyte: A star-shaped neuroglial cell.claudins: This family of proteins is the most important component of tight junctions, where they establish the paracellular barrier that controls the flow of molecules in the intercellular space between the cells of an epithelium.blood-brain barrier: A structure in the CNS that keeps substances found in the bloodstream out of the brain while allowing in substances essential to metabolic function such asoxygen.occludin: A protein forming the main component of the tight junctions, along with the claudin group of proteins. Examples An exception to the bacterial exclusion are the diseases caused by spirochetes, such as Borrelia, which causes Lyme disease, and Treponema pallidum, which causes syphilis. These harmful bacteria seem to breach the BBB by physically tunneling through the blood vessel walls."
},
{
"docid": "D875296#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_wedge_pressure\nPulmonary wedge pressure",
"text": "\"Diagram of Pulmonary artery catheter The pulmonary wedge pressure or PWP, or cross-sectional pressure (also called the pulmonary arterial wedge pressure or PAWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure or PCWP, or pulmonary artery occlusion pressure or PAOP), is the pressure measured by wedging a pulmonary catheter with an inflated balloon into a small pulmonary arterial branch. [ 1] It estimates the left atrial pressure. [ Pulmonary venous wedge pressure (PVWP) is not synonymous with the above; PVWP has been shown to correlate with pulmonary artery pressures in studies, albeit unreliably]. Physiologically, distinctions can be drawn among pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary venous pressure and left atrial pressure, but not all of these can be measured in a clinical context. [ 2]Noninvasive estimation techniques have been proposed. [ 3]Clinical significance [ edit]Site Normal pressure range (in mm Hg) [4]Central venous pressure 3–8Right ventricular pressuresystolic 15–30diastolic 3–8Pulmonary artery pressuresystolic 15–30diastolic 4–12Pulmonary vein/Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure2–15Left ventricular pressuresystolic 100–140diastolic 3–12Because of the large compliance of pulmonary circulation, it provides an indirect measure of the left atrial pressure. [ 5]For example, it is considered the gold standard for determining the cause of acute pulmonary edema; this is likely to be present at a PWP of >20mm Hg. It has also been used to diagnose severity of left ventricular failure and mitral stenosis, [6] given that elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure strongly suggests failure of left ventricular output. [ 7]Traditionally, it was believed that pulmonary edema with normal PWP suggested a diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or non cardiogenic pulmonary edema (as in opiate poisoning). However, since capillary hydrostatic pressure exceeds wedge pressure once the balloon is deflated (to promote a gradient for forward flow), a normal wedge pressure cannot conclusively differentiate between hydrostatic pulmonary edema and ARDS. Physiological pressure: 6–12 mm Hg. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2090093#0",
"title": "https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/central-nervous-system-12/protection-of-the-brain-116/cerebrospinal-fluid-and-its-circulation-635-9359/\nProtection of the Brain",
"text": "Blood-Brain Barrier Tight junctions present in the blood-brain barrier separate circulating blood from cerebrospinal fluid, regulating diffusion into the brain. Learning Objectives Describe the function of the blood-brain barrier Key Takeaways Key Points The blood – brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells restrict the passage of substances from the bloodstream to a greater extent than endothelial cells in capillaries elsewhere in the body. The BBB results from the selectivity of the tight junctions between endothelial cells in central nervous system (CNS) vessels that restrict the passage of solutes. Several areas of the human brain are not protected by the BBB, including the circumventricular organs. Tight junctions are composed of transmembrane proteins such as occludin and the claudins. The BBB effectively protects the brain from many common bacterial infections. However, since antibodies and antibiotics are too large to cross the BBB, infections of the brain that do occur are often difficult to treat. Key Termsastrocyte: A star-shaped neuroglial cell.claudins: This family of proteins is the most important component of tight junctions, where they establish the paracellular barrier that controls the flow of molecules in the intercellular space between the cells of an epithelium.blood-brain barrier: A structure in the CNS that keeps substances found in the bloodstream out of the brain while allowing in substances essential to metabolic function such asoxygen.occludin: A protein forming the main component of the tight junctions, along with the claudin group of proteins. Examples An exception to the bacterial exclusion are the diseases caused by spirochetes, such as Borrelia, which causes Lyme disease, and Treponema pallidum, which causes syphilis. These harmful bacteria seem to breach the BBB by physically tunneling through the blood vessel walls."
}
] |
8501 | why is it called scandinavia | [
{
"docid": "D10739#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia\nScandinavia",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about Scandinavia as a cultural-linguistic region. For the broader group of northern European countries including Finland and Iceland, see Nordic countries. For other uses, see Scandinavia (disambiguation). Scandinavia Area 928,057 km 2 (358,325 sq mi)Population ~21 million (2017) [ citation needed]Population density 22.7/km 2 (58.7/sq mi)Demonym Scandinavian Countries Denmark Norway Sweden Sometimes also: [1]Finland Iceland Faroe IslandsÅland Islands Internet TLD.dk, .no, .se.ax, .fi, .fo, .gl, .is, .sj This article is part of a series on Scandinavia Geography Mountains Peninsula Viking Age Old Norse Vikings Viking art Mythology Political entities Denmark Norway Sweden Former political entities Denmark–Norway Sweden–Finland Sweden-Norway Kalmar Union History Denmark Norway Sweden Other topics Languages Scandinavism Nordic Council Monetary Union Defence Union Scandinavian Airlinesv t e Scandinavia [a] ( / ˌ s k æ n d ɪ ˈ n eɪ v i ə / SKAN -dih- NAY -vee-ə) is a region in Northern Europe, characterized by common ethnocultural North Germanic heritage and mutually intelligible North Germanic languages. [ 2] The term Scandinavia in local usage covers the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, but in English usage, it also sometimes refers to the Scandinavian Peninsula or to the broader region which includes Finland and Iceland. [ 1] This broader region is usually known locally as the Nordic countries. [ 3]The remote Norwegian islands of Svalbard and Jan Mayen are usually not seen as a part of Scandinavia, nor is Greenland, a constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark. The Faroe Islands may be included. [ 4]Contents [ hide ]1 Toponymy2 Terminology and use2.1 Societal and tourism promotional organizations3 Use of \"\"Nordic countries\"\" vs. \"\"Scandinavia\"\"3.1 Pliny the Elder's descriptions3.2 Germanic reconstruction3.3 Sami etymology3.4 Other etymologies4 Geography5 Languages in Scandinavia5.1 North Germanic languages5.2 Finnish5.3 Sami languages6 History6.1 Scandinavian unions7 Political8 See also9 Notes10 References11 External links Toponymy The name Scandinavia originally referred to the former Danish, now Swedish, region of Scania. Scandinavia and Scandinavian entered usage in the late 18th century, being introduced by the early linguistic and cultural Scandinavist movement. ["
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1886519#0",
"title": "http://archaeology.about.com/od/vikings/qt/viking_raid.htm\nViking Raids - Why Did the Norse Leave Scandinavia to Roam the World?",
"text": "\"Science, Tech, Math ›Social Sciences Viking Raids - Why Did the Norse Leave Scandinavia to Roam the World? The Vikings Had a Well-earned Reputation for Raiding and Pillaging Share Flipboard Email Print Norse chessmen, from a Viking hoard, Isle of Lewis, Scotland. CM Dixon/Print Collector/Getty Imagesby K. Kris Hirst Updated June 15, 2017Viking raids were a characteristic of the Scandinavian early medieval pirates called the Norse or Vikings, particularly during the first 50 years of the Viking Age (~793-850). Raiding as a lifestyle was first established in Scandinavia by the 6th century, as illustrated in the epic English tale of Beowulf; contemporary sources referred to the raiders as \"\"ferox gens\"\" (the fierce people). The predominant theory for the reasons for the raiding is that there was a population boom, and trading networks into Europe became established, the Vikings became aware of the wealth of their neighbors, both in silver and in land. Recent scholars are not so certain. But there is no doubt that Viking raiding ultimately led to political conquest, settlement on a substantial scale across northern Europe, and extensive Scandinavian cultural and linguistic influences in eastern and northern England. After the raiding all but ended, the period was followed by revolutionary changes in landownership, society, and economy, including the growth of towns and industry. Timeline of the Raids The earliest Viking raids outside of Scandinavia were small in scope, isolated attacks on coastal targets. Led by the Norwegians, the raids were on monasteries in Northumberland on the northeast coast of England, at Lindisfarne (793), Jarrow (794) and Wearmouth (794), and at Iona in the Orkney Islands of Scotland (795)."
},
{
"docid": "D353138#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elf\nElf",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the mythical creature. For Tolkien's fictional version, see Elf (Middle-earth). For Other uses, see Elf (disambiguation). \"\" Elves\"\" redirects here. For the lightning-related phenomenon, see ELVES.Ängsälvor (Swedish \"\"Meadow Elves\"\") by Nils Blommér (1850)An elf (plural: elves) is a type of human -shaped supernatural being in Germanic mythology and folklore. In medieval Germanic -speaking cultures, elves seem generally to have been thought of as beings with magical powers and supernatural beauty, ambivalent towards everyday people and capable of either helping or hindering them. [ 1] However, the details of these beliefs have varied considerably over time and space, and have flourished in both pre-Christian and Christian cultures. The word elf is found throughout the Germanic languages and seems originally to have meant 'white being'. Reconstructing the early concept of an elf depends largely on texts, written by Christians, in Old and Middle English, medieval German, and Old Norse. These associate elves variously with the gods of Norse mythology, with causing illness, with magic, and with beauty and seduction."
},
{
"docid": "D424512#0",
"title": "http://www.burzum.org/eng/library/paganism01.shtml\nPaganism: Part I - The Ancient Religion",
"text": "\"LIBRARY© & ® Varg Vikernes. Do not reproduce, respect the copyrights. Paganism: Part I - The Ancient Religion A lot of ethnic Europeans are reluctant to call themselves Pagans, although they would like to call themselves Pagans. The reason for that is amongst other things that: \"\"There are so many dirty, filthy, ganja-smoking hippies who have taken use of the term\"\" (to quote a friend of mine), and sensible people don't really want to be associated with such people. In Norway I have been seen as a reason for people not to call themselves Pagans too, and some of the so-called Pagans in Norway have also campaigned against me to ostracize me and alienate me from the whole Pagan movement, but ironically the people who don't want to be associated with me are the same dirty, filthy, ganja-smoking free-love hippies who in turn scare others from calling themselves Pagans. Some gullible souls argue that instead of fighting we should all gang up and work for our common goal. The problem with this is of course that we don't have a common goal. I don't use the term Pagan because I want to have an excuse to smoke pot, wear exotic jewellery and costumes, or because I wish to sleep around as much as I want and never wash. I don't use the term to exchange the Christian \"\"God\"\" with a \"\"Goddess\"\" and hate men instead of women, like the Wiccans seem to do. The problem is that the term Pagan is a very wide term."
},
{
"docid": "D3143743#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Are_the_netherlands_part_of_scandanavia\nIs Holland part of the Netherlands?",
"text": "\"Is Holland part of the Netherlands?yes Mus B 12 Contributions Is the article The officially part of Netherlands as in The Netherlands? Yes it is. In fact, \"\"the Netherlands\"\" is a plural form, just like, for example, \"\" the Grenadines\"\" or \"\"the Bahamas\"\". Todal 1,295 Contributions What is the capital of scandanavia? Scandanavia is geographic region of northern Europe composed of the following countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Denmark. Therefore, Scandanavia has no capital. Coinwiki 3,099 Contributions What continent is Scandanavia in? Scandinavia is the area in the north of the continent of Europe , and is generally considered to include Norway, Finland, Sweden and Denmark, as well as the island nation of …Vickzq 556 Contributions Is Switzerland in scandanavia? No. An idea for you: go and buy a good map atlas... it's worth it believe me... and no, Switzerland is not Sweden."
},
{
"docid": "D2547674#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_does_Scandinavian_mean\nWhat does Scandinavian mean?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Literature & Language Languages and Cultures English Language Word and Phrase Origins What does Scandinavian mean? Flag What does Scandinavian mean? Answer by Hans Ranum Confidence votes 11Scandinavia is Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. The word itself is an old form of \"\"Scania\"\", which is the southernmost region of today's Sweden.1 person found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Graybold 6,716 Contributions Which Scandinavian country means the northern way? Norway F Ty Goin 7 Contributions The name of which Scandinavian country means the northern way? Norway. Kinda obvious but funny when you hear it. What Scandinavian country means the northern way? Norway."
},
{
"docid": "D2145113#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_Age_arms_and_armour\nViking Age arms and armour",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Knowledge about military technology of the Viking Age (end of 8th- to mid-11th-century Europe) is based on relatively sparse archaeological finds, pictorial representation, and to some extent on the accounts in the Norse sagas and laws recorded in the 13th century. According to custom, all free Norse men were required to own weapons, as well as permitted to carry them at all times. Indeed, the Hávamál, purported to be sage advice given by Odin, states \"\"Don't leave your weapons lying about behind your back in a field; you never know when you may need all of sudden your spear.\"\" [ 1]As war was the most prestigious activity in Viking Age Scandinavia, beautifully finished weapons were an important way for a warrior to display his wealth and status. [ 2] A wealthy Viking would likely have a complete ensemble of a spear, a wooden shield, and either a battle axe or a sword. The very richest might have a helmet; other armour is thought to have been limited to the nobility and their professional warriors. The average farmer was likely limited to a spear, shield, and perhaps a common axe or a large knife or seax. Some would also bring their hunting bows (mostly long bow or flat bow) to use in the opening stages of battle. [ 3]Contents [ hide ]1 Weapons1.1 Bows and arrows1.2 Spear1.3 Other polearms1.4 Knife1.5 Sword1.6 Axe2 Shields2.1 Round shields2.2 Kite shields3 Armour3.1 Helmet3.2 Mail3.3 Lamellar3.4 Cloth and leather4 Foreign origins of Viking arms and armour5 Saga accounts5.1 Battles5.2 Duels6 See also7 References8 Further reading9 External links Weapons [ edit]Bows and arrows [ edit]This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources."
},
{
"docid": "D803566#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_three_peninsulas_in_Europe\nWhy is Europe called a peninsula of peninsulas?",
"text": "\"European Union 20,087 Contributions Why is Europe called a peninsula of peninsulas? Because Europe itself is a peninsula and contains many peninsulas. Blockhead111 18 Contributions What are the peninsulas of Europe? Apennine Peninsula, Iberian Peninsula, Balkan Peninsula, Crimean Peninsula, Jultand Peninsula, Scandinavian Peninsula, Peninsula of Brittany. A few small ones: Kerch Peninsula …Zihn3 55 Contributions What three countries are in the bear shaped peninsula north of Europe? Finland, Sweden, and Norway. The name of the peninsula is Scandinavia. Normengblom 1 Contribution Is Europe a peninsula? Some people call Europe \"\"The peninsula of peninsulas\"\", Europe is a peninsula,Gerry D'Ascoli 33 Contributions Why is Europe called 'the peninsula of peninsulas'? It is called the \"\"peninsula of peninsulas\"\" because it is a collection of peninsulas."
},
{
"docid": "D1482101#0",
"title": "http://jorvik-viking-centre.co.uk/who-were-the-vikings/where-did-they-come-from/\nWhere did they come from?",
"text": "Where did they come from? The Norsemen The period referred to as the Viking Age dates from around AD 800 to 1050. The homelands of the Vikings were in Scandinavia, but the countries of Scandinavia as we know them today did not exist until the end of the Viking Age. Wherever they lived, the Viking-age Scandinavians shared common features such as house forms, jewellery, tools and other everyday equipment. These objects and structures are sufficiently uniform to warrant labelling the period by a single name – the Age of the Vikings. Geographical differences ensured that the basis of the subsistence economy would vary enormously across Scandinavia. Most obviously, contrasts in temperatures, climate, soils and seasonal variations meant that different ways of making a living were employed in northern Norway and southern Denmark. Farming, Fishing & Forging Throughout Viking-age Scandinavia the main occupation was the production of food. Farming, fishing, trapping and collecting were the main activities in the annual cycle. Communities had to be largely self-sufficient, taking advantage of fertile soils, good pasture, well-stocked fishing grounds or whatever else nature had provided."
},
{
"docid": "D2017385#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/Is-Iceland-considered-a-part-of-Scandinavia\nIs Iceland considered a part of Scandinavia?",
"text": "Iceland Scandinavia Is Iceland considered a part of Scandinavia?6 Answers Klara Egilson, I know a thing or two about Iceland. Answered Oct 15, 2016 · Author has 266 answers and 409.8k answer views To answer this in short; NO. Scandinavia refers to a geographical area known as the Scandinavian Penisuela. The name itself refers to Denmark, Sweden and Norway, which earlier name was Scania. The name Scandinavia and Scandinavian did not come to use until the late 18th century, referring to Denmark, Norway and Sweden. I, the Icelander, am therefore not Scandinavian, but Nordic. The Nordic countries, often referred to as Nordics, on the other hand, are a geographical and a cultural region in Northern Europe and consist of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Finland and their associated territories; Greenland, Faroe Islands, Svalbard and the Åland Islands.1.2k Views · View Upvoters · Answer requested by Samantha Lyons Related Questions More Answers Below Is Iceland considered part of Europe or North America? Is Bjork considered beautiful in Iceland? Why is England no longer considered a part of Scandinavia? What are the capitals of the five countries considered to be part of Scandinavia?"
},
{
"docid": "D321615#0",
"title": "https://www.thoughtco.com/viking-raids-medieval-practice-173145\nViking Raids - Why Did the Norse Leave Scandinavia to Roam the World?",
"text": "\"Science, Tech, Math ›Social Sciences Viking Raids - Why Did the Norse Leave Scandinavia to Roam the World? The Vikings Had a Well-earned Reputation for Raiding and Pillaging Share Flipboard Email Print Norse chessmen, from a Viking hoard, Isle of Lewis, Scotland. CM Dixon/Print Collector/Getty Imagesby K. Kris Hirst Updated June 15, 2017Viking raids were a characteristic of the Scandinavian early medieval pirates called the Norse or Vikings, particularly during the first 50 years of the Viking Age (~793-850). Raiding as a lifestyle was first established in Scandinavia by the 6th century, as illustrated in the epic English tale of Beowulf; contemporary sources referred to the raiders as \"\"ferox gens\"\" (the fierce people). The predominant theory for the reasons for the raiding is that there was a population boom, and trading networks into Europe became established, the Vikings became aware of the wealth of their neighbors, both in silver and in land. Recent scholars are not so certain. But there is no doubt that Viking raiding ultimately led to political conquest, settlement on a substantial scale across northern Europe, and extensive Scandinavian cultural and linguistic influences in eastern and northern England. After the raiding all but ended, the period was followed by revolutionary changes in landownership, society, and economy, including the growth of towns and industry. Timeline of the Raids The earliest Viking raids outside of Scandinavia were small in scope, isolated attacks on coastal targets. Led by the Norwegians, the raids were on monasteries in Northumberland on the northeast coast of England, at Lindisfarne (793), Jarrow (794) and Wearmouth (794), and at Iona in the Orkney Islands of Scotland (795)."
},
{
"docid": "D251044#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080302075548AAzYnOz\nCould the Netherlands be considered part of Scandinavia?",
"text": "\"Travel Europe (Continental) Other - Europe Could the Netherlands be considered part of Scandinavia?i think that the netherlands could be concidered a part of scandinavia because the language is almost the same and that the netherlands is closer to denmark, sweden and finland than iceland.2 following 15 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Geographical proximity has nothing to do with it. The French-speaking part of Belgium and France itself of course, are much closer to the Netherlands, but since French has latin roots, rather than the germanic roots of modern Dutch, there is no direct relation. South-African on the other hand is similar enough for Dutch and South-African speakers to have a meaningful conversation. Finland too, which shares its border with Sweden has nothing in common as far as Scandinavian languages are concerned. Finnish (Suomi) is part of the Finno-Ugric family, which for instance also comprises Hungarian. All this is the result of tribal movements over the past 2000 years or so, as well as colonial influences. Whereas Dutch belongs to the West-Germanic language family branch, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian form part of the North-Germanic branch (collectively called Nordic). Although all Germanic languages share certain linguistic features at a syntactic level, the differences are far too great to effectively communicate with eachother. Dutch could be placed somewhere halfway between German and English, and a very close relative of Dutch, the Frisian language which is spoken in one of the northern provinces of the Netherlands, is considered by quite a few linguists to be the closest relative of modern English. To your average native speaker of Dutch, Scandinavian languages seem as foreign as Russian or Swahili for that matter.nuclearfuel · 1 decade ago3 2 1 comment Bit of an old question, but I'll give it a go from the viewpoint of a Scandinavian."
},
{
"docid": "D3554439#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_is_scandinavia_on_a_map\nWhy is Scandinavia called Scandinavia?",
"text": "Why is Scandinavia called Scandinavia? The origin of the word is not entirely clear but people generally favor the idea that it means the island of darkness or fog island. Reasoning: The Norwegian word skodde means …Gerooge 2 Contributions Where is Scandinavia? As an ethinic and linguistic group Sweden, Norway, Demark, Iceland,and the Faeroe Islands are all Scandinavia. Culturally andgeographically Finland is often included in that g …Mrs diggy kitty 33 Contributions Where is Scandinavia located? Look in the top middle of Europe. A little more to the right actually but Denmark is also part of Scandinavia so yeah north middle... : D3ooo 967 Contributions Who are the scandinavias? Genetically the main group is Germanic (like e.g. in Germany and the Netherlands), but already 1.000 years ago groups of Slavonic people also settled in parts of Denmark and S …Graybold 6,716 Contributions Where is USSR on Scandinavia? Kola peninsula. What did the vikings do in Scandinavia?"
},
{
"docid": "D1091046#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-most-liberal-and-conservative-areas-in-the-world\nWhat are the most liberal and conservative areas in the world?",
"text": "\"Political Liberalism Vs. Political Conservatism Political Conservatism Liberalism (politics)Politics What are the most liberal and conservative areas in the world?6 Answers Mark Oberg, long time political observer, and of the political-economic duopoly. Answered Jun 19, 2016 · Author has 113 answers and 43.1k answer views The first thing is to understand that the definitions of “liberal” and “conservative” can vary a LOT, depending on the country, the social contest, and the era. For example, in China, “liberal” means support for free speech, for individuals rights, for general freedom of thought. “ Leftist” is the term used in China to describe those who support the communist party, who are averse to change, etc. A “leftist” in China is strongly opposed to individual rights, any acceptance of homosexuality as being normal or natural, has strict and traditional understandings of how things should be, and believe there is great danger from changing things. So, obviously, the term “Leftist” in China, is dramatically different that what “Leftist” means in the US - which would be commonly described as a Bernie Sanders supporter, who wants a great deal of change, support for gay rights, for civil rights for minorities, etc. And, remember that what is “liberal” and what is “conservative” changes dramatically over time. Example: In the 1920s and 1930s, “Liberals” wanted the 40 hour work week, and sought government to enforce it, over the objections of business owners and conservatives. It was a radical idea, it was considered to be on the path to communism."
},
{
"docid": "D1075197#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_were_the_Vikings\nWho were the Vikings?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of Maritime Vikings Who were the Vikings? Flag Who were the Vikings? Answer by Pd20t Confidence votes 143The people commonly called Vikings were the Norse, a Scandinavian seafaring people from Norway, Denmark, and Sweden. They settled in Britain, Iceland and Greenland, and later made settlements in North America (which were abandoned). The Vikings were the best steel-makers and boat-builders at the time. They invented a unique boat called the long boat, which was used to transport them all over northern Europe. They were also fierce warriors. They raided, pillaged, and traded with villages. They would take food, goods, and women. Sometimes they even populated the area."
},
{
"docid": "D1133928#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/4995040/chapter-9-holt-section-assessment-1-flash-cards/\nChapter 9 Holt Section Assessment 1",
"text": "6 terms Linh Nghiem Chapter 9 Holt Section Assessment 1Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later1a. What Is Topography? Topography refers to the elevation of the land in the region and its climate1b. How is Southern Europe's climate like or unlike your climate? Europe is made of many different landforms, climates, and water features but we do not.2a. Where do most people in Southern Europe live? Most people in Southern Europe live on coastal plains or river valleys because the climate if flat so they can farm.2b. Do you think Europe's major farming regions are in the north or in the south?"
},
{
"docid": "D2044109#0",
"title": "http://ferrycrossings.org.uk/travel-guides/denmark/oresund-bridge/\nOresund Bridge, Denmark and Sweden",
"text": "Before the Oresund Bridge, residents of Malmo in Sweden or Copenhagen in Denmark had to take a one and a half hour ferry ride across the Oresund Strait that separates the two countries and cities. The bridge was completed in 2000. In fact to call it a bridge doesn’t really do this amazing structure justice. It is in fact a bridge that becomes a tunnel, with an artificial island in between. It is 16km long, and probably one of the most unique pieces of engineering in Scandinavia. Not only that, but it also offers a quick and easy link from Denmark to Sweden and the rest of Scandinavia. This of course means that anyone taking their car over from UK to Denmark by ferry ( ferries go from Harwich to Esbjerg ), the open road and the whole of Scandinavia awaits. Driving or taking a train across the bridge now takes just 20 minutes. Of course, it doesn’t come easy to us to say that a bridge is better than a ferry, but perhaps we can make an exception on this one occasion, simply because the Oresund Bridge really is something quite special. In fact, did you know the bridge can be seen from space?"
},
{
"docid": "D2824910#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freyja\nFreyja",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Freyja (disambiguation). Freja (1905) by John Bauer (1882–1918)In Norse mythology, Freyja ( / ˈ f r eɪ ə /; Old Norse for \"\" (the) Lady \"\") is a goddess associated with love, sex, beauty, fertility, gold, seiðr, war, and death. Freyja is the owner of the necklace Brísingamen, rides a chariot pulled by two cats, is accompanied by the boar Hildisvíni, and possesses a cloak of falcon feathers. By her husband Óðr, she is the mother of two daughters, Hnoss and Gersemi. Along with her brother Freyr, her father Njörðr, and her mother ( Njörðr's sister, unnamed in sources), she is a member of the Vanir. Stemming from Old Norse Freyja, modern forms of the name include Freya, Freyia, and Freja. Freyja rules over her heavenly field Fólkvangr and there receives half of those that die in battle, whereas the other half go to the god Odin 's hall, Valhalla. Within Fólkvangr lies her hall, Sessrúmnir. Freyja assists other deities by allowing them to use her feathered cloak, is invoked in matters of fertility and love, and is frequently sought after by powerful jötnar who wish to make her their wife. Freyja's husband, the god Óðr, is frequently absent."
},
{
"docid": "D1935850#0",
"title": "http://vikings.wikia.com/wiki/Viking\nViking",
"text": "\"“ We do not seek death, but we do not fear it, either. ”– Clive Standen as Rollo, History 's website Vikings (from Old Norse Víkingr) were seafaring northern Germanic people who raided, traded, explored, and settled in wide areas of Europe, Asia, and the North Atlantic islands from the late 8th to the mid-11th centuries. The proper ethnic term of the people to whom the Vikings belonged to is the Norse. Individual nations of the Old Norse culture of Scandinavia included the Norwegians, the Svear (Swedes), the Danes and the Geats or Gutes of the island of Gotland, and later the Icelanders. \"\" Viking\"\" was merely a label for those engaged in acts of piracy. Not all Norse people were necessarily Viking, though Vikings were mostly Northmen. Other societies, however, living close to Scandinavia, were also engaged in maritime raiding activities during the Viking Age. These were the Germanic people of the Frisians in the future Netherlands, the Slavic people of the Polabians in eastern Germany and Poland, the Baltic tribe of the Kurs or Curonians in the coastal lands of Lithuania and Latvia, and the Finno-Ugric tribe of the Oeselians of Estonia. The Viking Period is the main focus of the show, Vikings . The details below will reflect the Vikings' culture as displayed on the show."
},
{
"docid": "D367360#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_model\nNordic model",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the social and economic model in northern Europe. For the socioeconomic model in continental Europe and Germany in particular, see Rhenish model. For the political ideology often associated with the Nordic model, see Social democracy. Part of a series on Economic systems By ideology [show]By coordination [show]By regional model [hide]Asian East Asian Chinese Singaporean European Anglo-Saxon German Nordic Rhenish Soviet Latin America Socialism of the 21st century Sectors [show]Property types [show]Transition [show]Coordination [show]Other types [show]Business and economics portalv t e Social democracy Development [show]Ideas [show]Variants [hide]Bernsteinism Liberal socialism Nordic model Godesberg Third Way People [show]Organizations [show]Socialism portal Economics portal Politics portalv t e The Nordic model (also called Nordic capitalism [1] or Nordic social democracy) [2] [3] refers to the economic and social policies common to the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, Iceland, the Faroe Islands and Sweden). This includes a combination of free market capitalism with a comprehensive welfare state and collective bargaining at the national level with a high percentage of workers belonging to a labour union; [4] and state provision of free education and free healthcare as well as generous, guaranteed pension payments for retirees funded by taxation. [ 5] [6] The Nordic model began to earn attention after World War II. [ 7] [8]Although there are significant differences among the Nordic countries, they all share some common traits. These include support for a \"\"universalist\"\" welfare state aimed specifically at enhancing individual autonomy and promoting social mobility; a corporatist system involving a tripartite arrangement where representatives of labor and employers negotiate wages and labor market policy mediated by the government; [9] and a commitment to widespread private ownership, free markets and free trade. [ 10]Each of the Nordic countries has its own economic and social models, sometimes with large differences from its neighbours. [ 11] According to sociologist Lane Kenworthy, in the context of the Nordic model \"\" social democracy \"\" refers to a set of policies for promoting economic security and opportunity within the framework of capitalism rather than a replacement for capitalism. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3211955#0",
"title": "http://www.thepolyglotdream.com/scandinavianenglish/\nWhy Scandinavians speak exceptional English",
"text": "\"Why Scandinavians speak exceptional Englishby Luca Lampariello on Oct 30, 2014 • 19:53 47 Comments Download Swedish Transcription of the Video When I started learning Swedish in 2003 I became aware of the fact that Scandinavians speak English extremely well. It was challenging to speak Swedish because swedes often switched to English to enable smoother conversations. From this point on I became interested in understanding exactly why Scandinavians speak English so well, especially because my home country, Italy, is largely monolingual. Could it be that Scandinavians are more intelligent than Italians? Before going into this topic let’s talk a little about Scandinavia – it’s in the north of Europe and is made up of multiple countries, including Denmark, Norway and Sweden (depending on who you’re speaking to Finland and Iceland may also be included). The three countries are grouped because of their geographic location, Germanic heritage and related languages. Danish (Denmark), Swedish (Sweden) and Norwegian (Norway) share a lot in common. A speaker of one of these languages can understand a lot of the other languages without having to study. On the subject of English: anything between 80 – 90% of Scandinavians speak English, compared to Italy’s 10-20 % (I tried to find data on this, but and I kept seeing 30%. I’m not sure how the statistics were calculated, but I can tell you from personal experience that there’s no way 30% of Italians speak English)TV /Movies The biggest contributor to the success of Scandinavians in language learning is their consumption of English media."
}
] |
8504 | why is it impossible to taste substances with a dry tongue | [
{
"docid": "D2613402#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_is_it_impossible_to_taste_substances_with_a_dry_tongue\nWhy is it impossible to taste substances with a dry tongue?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Biology Human Anatomy and Physiology Why is it impossible to taste substances with a dry tongue? Flag Why is it impossible to taste substances with a dry tongue? Edit Answer by Briesmom Confidence votes 9It is impossible to taste substances with a dry tongue because when the tongue is wet, the wetness releases the action of tasting. the tongue has to be wet so that the afferent fibers from the taste buds can send the chemical compounds to the brain to be identified.3 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Jadey-Babey91 110 Contributions What are the red blisters on the back of your tongue and a bad bad taste in your mouth and a dry mouth with a white coating on the tongue? Hello. This sounds like a mouth thrust infection or even tonsilitis. You will need to see your doctor to be certain and to have some antibiotics to clear this up. A swab …Why do you taste this gross taste on your tongue?well because sometimes your taste buds are not use to a particular taste and u probably gag or get a grossed out face on yourself. Edit Sarah.ilyx 4 Contributions What can the tongue taste?"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1828435#0",
"title": "https://www.healthtap.com/topics/why-is-my-tongue-yellow-in-the-morning\nTop 40 Doctor insights on: Why Is My Tongue Yellow In The Morning",
"text": "\"Top 40 Doctor insights on: Why Is My Tongue Yellow In The Morning Share Follow @Health Tap </> Embed Dr. Anifat Balogun2 doctors agreed:1 Why is my tongue sometimes yellow in the morning? Yellow tongue: Possibly due to debris and bacteria in the mouth and on the tongue overnight. Be sure that your night time oral care includes brushing your tongue gently, but thoroughly. ... Read more Dr. Chad Levitt Mouth (Definition)Mouth (mouth) \"\" n. Pl. Mouths 1. A. The body opening through which an animal takes in food. B. The cavity lying at the upper end of the alimentary canal, bounded on the outside by the lips and inside by the oropharynx and containing in higher vertebrates the tongue, gums, and teeth. C. This cavity regarded as the source of sounds and speech. D. The opening to any cavity or canal ... Read more Dr. Julian Henley ENT - Head & Neck Surgeryyears in practice Get help from a real doctor now Continue Dr. Amber Patel1 doctor agreed:2 Why appears the yellow substance on tongue esspecially in the morning? See your dentist: You need to have this evaluated if it is different than what you normally see in the morning on your tongue."
},
{
"docid": "D273445#0",
"title": "http://www.edinformatics.com/math_science/science_of_cooking/about_taste.htm\n.",
"text": "\"ABOUT THE FIVE (OR SIX) MAIN BASIC TASTESScientists describe seven basic tastes: bitter, salty, sour, astringent, sweet, pungent (eg chili), and umami. There are however five basic tastes that the tongue is sensitive to: salt, sweet, bitter, sour, and umami, the taste of MSG. Umami is a Japanese word meaning \"\"savory\"\" or \"\"meaty\"\" and thus applies to the sensation of savoriness -- specifically, to the detection of glutamates, which are especially common in meats, cheese and other protein-heavy foods. The action of umami receptors explains why foods treated with monosodium glutamate often taste fuller or just better. Umami, which has been quietly enjoyed by Eastern civilizations for years, was recently brought to the forefront of western thought by the discovery by the University of Miami of the actual receptors responsible for the sense of umami, a modified form of m Glu R4, in which the end of the molecule is missing. The researchers named it 'taste-m Glu R4'. The discovery of the receptor is interesting especially since the receptor for bitter has not yet been identified. Main five basic tastes Saltiness Saltiness is a taste produced by the presence of sodium chloride (and to a lesser degree other salts). The ions of salt, especially sodium (Na+), can pass directly through ion channels in the tongue, leading to an action potential. Sourness Sourness is the taste that detects acids."
},
{
"docid": "D1711382#0",
"title": "http://www.uth.tmc.edu/courses/dental/smell-taste/taste.html\nIntegrative Oral Sciences 1507 Chemical Sensory System Functions (continued)",
"text": "Integrative Oral Sciences 1507 Chemical Sensory System Functions (continued)by Dr. M. Hutchins TASTE BUDS AND CELLSFigure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7Circumvaliate Click here for larger image Foliate Click here for larger image Fungiform Click here for larger image Taste buds are found primarily in the tongue papillae. The tongue contains 4 types of papillae, the most common type, filiform, are thin and wire shaped and do not contain taste buds. On the dorsal, anterior border of the tongue are mushroom shaped papillae, fungiform, these have taste buds located near the middle or in a cleft of the papillae. The foliate papillae are leaf shaped with taste buds on the side of the papillae, and these are along the border. The circumvallate papillae contain taste buds along the sides of whorls and are located in the posterior third of the tongue in the shape of a V. Taste buds are also located in the oral mucosa of the palate and epiglottis. The taste cells are modified epithelial cells that function as sensory receptors. About 50-60 taste cells are located in pear-shaped taste buds and the taste cells through microvilli project into a taste pore. There are non-receptor basal cells which are located on the basement membrane which do not project into the taste pore. These basal cells differentiate through a series of morphological steps into a mature taste cell. The taste cells are replaced about every 10 days."
},
{
"docid": "D2503175#0",
"title": "http://antiwinesnob.com/wine-articles/whats-the-difference-between-tannins-and-acidity/\nWhatâs the difference between Tannins and Acidity?",
"text": "What’s the difference between Tannins and Acidity? What’s the difference between Tannins and Acidity? This one stumped me for a while. When you read about wine-especially red wine–you invariable hear some mention tannins and acid. What’s the difference? I wondered. I thought tannins were acid. At least, that’s what the dictionary says…. ( See below) So, I decided to do a little research on the matter.1. What Are Tannins?“Tannin: 1."
},
{
"docid": "D368018#0",
"title": "https://www.drugs.com/mcd/black-hairy-tongue\nBlack hairy tongue",
"text": "Disease Reference More Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Lifestyle and home remedies Preparing for an appointment Black hairy tongue Overview Black hairy tongue is a temporary, harmless oral condition that gives the tongue a dark, furry appearance. The distinct look usually results from a buildup of dead skin cells on the many tiny projections (papillae) on the surface of the tongue that contain taste buds. These papillae, which are longer than normal, can easily trap and be stained by bacteria, yeast, tobacco, food or other substances. Although black hairy tongue may look alarming, typically it doesn't cause any health problems, and it's usually painless. Black hairy tongue usually resolves by eliminating possible causes or contributing factors and practicing good oral hygiene. Black hairy tongue Black hairy tongue is caused by an overgrowth of dead skin cells, causing lengthening of the papillae, and staining from bacteria, yeast, food, tobacco or other substances in the mouth. Symptoms Signs and symptoms of black hairy tongue include: Black discoloration of the tongue, although the color may be brown, tan, green, yellow or white A hairy or furry appearance of the tongue Altered taste or metallic taste in your mouth Bad breath (halitosis)Gagging or tickling sensation, if the overgrowth of the papillae is excessive When to see a doctor Though unattractive, black hairy tongue is usually a temporary, harmless condition. See your doctor if: You're concerned about the appearance of your tongue Black hairy tongue persists despite brushing your teeth and tongue twice daily Causes Black hairy tongue typically results when projections on the tongue called papillae grow longer because they don't shed dead skin cells like normal. This makes the tongue look hairy. Debris, bacteria or other organisms can collect on the papillae and result in discoloration."
},
{
"docid": "D2026285#0",
"title": "http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/dave-drummond/sense-of-taste_b_3672927.html\nHow Important Is Our Sense of Taste?",
"text": "\"In front of me is a place mat laid out with scientific exactness. On it are three whiskies of varying hues and temperaments, three vials containing pastel coloured papers, the equation \"\"aroma + taste = flavour\"\" written in one corner, and a ballpoint pen. The whisky is Auchentoshan - Scottish, single malt, triple distilled and the host of the 'Taste Experiment' evening I'm at - the vials are filled with substances with which I will be able to judge my sensitivity to taste. The pen is for writing. Obviously. Dunne Frankowski, a pair of coffee blenders leading the current part of the evening direct us to the three vials and tell us that it's time for a PTC test; a test which uses a substance called PTC (also known as phenylthiocarbamide) to determine just how sensitive each of our individual sense of taste is. A piece of paper comes out of the first vial and we're instructed to put it on our tongue and note down what happens. I do this and absolutely nothing does - I taste nothing. I am instantly overtaken with anxiety. Does this mean that I have no sense of taste - that I'm no better, gastronomically that is, than the cretins guffawing at the Big Bang Theory, or feverishly reading Dan Brown novels?"
},
{
"docid": "D3496717#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/58347321/baking-science-final-exam-study-guide-jwu-flash-cards/\nBaking Science Final Exam Study Guide JWU",
"text": "\"273 terms erinlynnpaw12Baking Science Final Exam Study Guide JWUTest1 & Test 2, Study Guide Questions, & Homework Questions (Basically everything ever)Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort What are the three main ways heat is transferred? A) Conduction, Radiation, Convection B) Direct, Indirect, Radiant C) Above, Below, Convection D) Direct, Indirect, Convection A) Conduction, Radiation, & Convection In radiant heat: A) Once molecules on the surface of an object absorb heat. they vibrate rapidly. B) The vibration generates frictional heat within the object. C) Because there is no direct contact, radiation is sometimes described as a form of indirect heat. D) All of the above E) None of the Above D) All of the above The primary means of heat transfer in a conventional oven is: A) Convection B) Direct C) Below D) All of the above E) None of the above E) None of the above. The primary means of heat transfer in a conventional oven is radiation. Which is a better conductor of heat? Aluminum or Stainless Steel Aluminum The two main features of cookware that affect how quickly heat is conducted through it are: A) Shininess and thickness B) Relative heat conductivity and thickness C) Reactivity and thickness D) None of the above A) Shininess and thickness In Conduction heat is passed: A) Molecule by molecule B) Through water molecules C) Through convection A) Molecule by Molecule Which requires lower baking temperatures and shorter bake times? A) Conventional Oven B) Convection Oven B) Convection Oven What are the three components of flavor?"
},
{
"docid": "D1323420#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_mouth_syndrome\nBurning mouth syndrome",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Burning mouth syndrome Synonyms glossodynia, [1] orodynia, [2] oral dysaesthesia, [3] glossopyrosis, [3] stomatodynia, [1] burning tongue, [4] stomatopyrosis, [3] sore tongue, [3] burning tongue syndrome, [5] burning mouth, [3] or sore mouth [6]Specialty Gastroenterology Burning mouth syndrome ( BMS) is a burning sensation in the mouth with no underlying dental or medical cause. [ 3] No related signs of disease are found in the mouth. [ 3] People with burning mouth syndrome may also have a dry mouth sensation where no cause can be found such as reduced salivary flow, tingling in the mouth, or an altered taste or smell. [ 3]A burning sensation in the mouth can be a symptom of another disease when local or systemic factors are found to be implicated, and this is not considered to be burning mouth syndrome, [3] [ needs update] [ needs update] which is a syndrome of medically unexplained symptoms. [ 1] The International Association for the Study of Pain defines burning mouth syndrome as \"\"a distinctive nosological entity characterized by unremitting oral burning or similar pain in the absence of detectable mucosal changes\"\", [1] and \"\"burning pain in the tongue or other oral mucous membranes\"\", [7] and the International Headache Society defines it as \"\"an intra-oral burning sensation for which no medical or dental cause can be found\"\". [ 6]Due to insufficient evidence it is unclear if effective treatments exist. [ 8]Contents [ hide ]1 Signs and symptoms2 Causes2.1 Theories2.2 Other causes of an oral burning sensation3 Diagnosis3.1 Classification4 Treatment5 Prognosis6 Epidemiology7 Notable cases8 References9 External links Signs and symptoms [ edit]By definition, BMS has no signs. Sometimes affected persons will attribute the symptoms to sores in the mouth, but these are in fact normal anatomic structures (e.g. lingual papillae, varices ). [ 9] Symptoms of BMS are variable, but the typical clinical picture is given below, considered according to the Socrates pain assessment method (see table). If clinical signs are visible, then another explanation for the burning sensation may be present."
},
{
"docid": "D541348#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustatory_system\nTaste",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Gustatory system)navigation search This article is about the sense. For the social and aesthetic aspects of \"\"taste\"\", see Taste (sociology). For other uses, see Taste (disambiguation). Taste bud Taste, gustatory perception, or gustation [1] is one of the five traditional senses that belongs to the gustatory system. Taste is the sensation produced when a substance in the mouth reacts chemically with taste receptor cells located on taste buds in the oral cavity, mostly on the tongue. Taste, along with smell ( olfaction) and trigeminal nerve stimulation (registering texture, pain, and temperature), determines flavors of food or other substances. Humans have taste receptors on taste buds (gustatory calyculi) and other areas including the upper surface of the tongue and the epiglottis. [ 2] [3] The gustatory cortex is responsible for the perception of taste. The tongue is covered with thousands of small bumps called papillae, which are visible to the naked eye. Within each papilla are hundreds of taste buds. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2408115#0",
"title": "http://healthquestions.medhelp.org/prednisone-and-dry-mouth\nPrednisone and dry mouth",
"text": "\"Prednisone and dry mouth Common Questions and Answers about Prednisone and dry mouthorapred As you know I am suffering this for almost 2 years now. This appeared out of the blue in June 2012 (I say out of the blue because I don't take drugs, don't smoke, don't have diabetes, didn't have chemotherapy, and didn't take medicines for long periods of time -besides 1 week of cyprofloxacin in March 2012). Read More She is on 1/4 tab of Prednisone (5mg) and on Clavamox for 8 days and will be starting Zeniquin 25 mg 1/4 tab daily. I wish i could show you a pic of her skin it looks horrible. It started at 4 months old and she is now 14 months old. The vet said she has pemphigus fol autoimmune disease. But could have hypothyroidism or something else. She gained 14 oz she is 3.13 chihuahua. Read More1. Fatigue 2."
},
{
"docid": "D389584#0",
"title": "http://www.scientificpsychic.com/workbook/chapter2.htm\nAnatomy and Structure of Human Sense Organs",
"text": "\"Anatomy and Structure of Human Sense Organs Aristotle (384 BC - 322 BC) is credited with the traditional classification of the five sense organs: sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing. As far back as the 1760's, the famous philosopher Immanuel Kant proposed that our knowledge of the outside world depends on our modes of perception. In order to define what is \"\"extrasensory\"\" we need to define what is \"\"sensory\"\". Each of the 5 senses consists of organs with specialized cellular structures that have receptors for specific stimuli. These cells have links to the nervous system and thus to the brain. Sensing is done at primitive levels in the cells and integrated into sensations in the nervous system. Sight is probably the most developed sense in humans, followed closely by hearing. Sight. The eye is the organ of vision. It has a complex structure consisting of a transparent lens that focuses light on the retina."
},
{
"docid": "D1903241#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitter_(taste)\nTaste",
"text": "\"Taste From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Bitter (taste))navigation search This article is about the sense. For the social and aesthetic aspects of \"\"taste\"\", see Taste (sociology). For other uses, see Taste (disambiguation). Taste bud Taste, gustatory perception, or gustation [1] is one of the five traditional senses that belongs to the gustatory system. Taste is the sensation produced when a substance in the mouth reacts chemically with taste receptor cells located on taste buds in the oral cavity, mostly on the tongue. Taste, along with smell ( olfaction) and trigeminal nerve stimulation (registering texture, pain, and temperature), determines flavors of food or other substances. Humans have taste receptors on taste buds (gustatory calyculi) and other areas including the upper surface of the tongue and the epiglottis. [ 2] [3] The gustatory cortex is responsible for the perception of taste. The tongue is covered with thousands of small bumps called papillae, which are visible to the naked eye. Within each papilla are hundreds of taste buds. ["
},
{
"docid": "D309595#0",
"title": "https://www.agingcare.com/Articles/Loss-of-Taste-in-the-Elderly-135240.htm\nLoss of Taste in the Elderly",
"text": "\"Loss of Taste in the Elderly18 Comments Follow Comments By Marlo Sollitto Taste helps all of us recognize when food is good or bad. When an elderly person loses taste, it can cause a loss of appetite, weight loss, poor nutrition, weakened immunity, and even death. Normal taste occurs when molecules released by chewing or the digestion of food stimulate special sensory cells in the mouth and throat. These taste cells, or gustatory cells, send messages through three specialized taste nerves to the brain, where specific tastes are identified. Damage to these nerves following head injury can lead to taste loss. The taste cells are clustered within the taste buds of the tongue and roof of the mouth, and along the lining of the throat. Many of the small bumps that can be seen on the tip of the tongue contain taste buds. At birth, we have about 10,000 taste buds scattered on the back, side, and tip of the tongue. After age 50, we may start to lose taste buds. We can experience five basic taste sensations: sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami, or savory."
},
{
"docid": "D66287#0",
"title": "http://www.meandmybody.com/browse_topic.php?topicId=21&all=1\nThe Human Tongue",
"text": "\"What do I have to gain by taking notice of the functions of the tongue? First and foremost, you should give yourself a chance to understand the functions of the tongue and its multitude of duties. Your behavioral patterns, especially related to how you chew and prepare the food for entry into the rest of the digestive system, can play a major role in helping the digestive process to do its work more efficiently, which means that all the organs will be able to carry out their tasks as intended. These simple positive changes are entirely in your hands and will change your quality of life forever for the better. What is the tongue made of? The Human Tongue is the large flexible bundle of skeletal muscles on the floor of the mouth. Why do I have to know what the tongue does? The tongue is a most miraculous organ. It serves so many vital functions 24 hours a day – most of which are taken for granted by all of us. That is, until we experience a blister, happen to bite it or for some other uncommon reason."
},
{
"docid": "D341064#0",
"title": "http://www.newhealthadvisor.com/Bitter-Taste-in-Mouth.html\nBitter and Bad Taste in the Mouth: Causes and Remedies",
"text": "Bitter and Bad Taste in the Mouth: Causes and Remedies Have you ever woken up in the morning with a bitter or acidic taste in your mouth? What caused the bad taste? This common condition may indicate a high number of bacteria in your body or a poor diet. Read on to discover all the possible causes and treatments for bitter tasting in mouth. What Causes Bitter Taste in Mouth Many factors leave a metallic or bitter taste in your mouth. In this section, the main causes of this bitter taste are outlined.1. Poor Oral Hygiene Ignoring your oral hygiene may lead to gum diseases and teeth problems such as tooth infection, periodontitis and gingivitis, which may leave a metallic taste. But the infection and bitter taste clear up with prescription medicine.2. Certain Medication Some prescription drugs used to treat cardiac and psychiatric cause a bitter taste. These include lithium, antibiotics like tetracycline, and allopurinol."
},
{
"docid": "D2929579#0",
"title": "http://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/showthread.php?t=644083\n.",
"text": "\"# 1 03-04-2012, 06:27 AMaldiboronti Guest Join Date: Mar 2002Location: Troynovant Posts: 8,006Identifying heroin (or another drug) by taste. Possible? I've seen it a hundred times on cop shows and in the movies. Our hero finds a stash of white powder, dips his finger in and tastes it. \"\" 100% pure unadulterated heroin!\"\" ( That one is a direct quote from the David Janssen TV movie Warning Shot ). Am I right to be highly suspicious of this? I've known TV to lie to me before. Reply With Quote# 2 03-04-2012, 07:14 AMpsychonaut Guest Join Date: Apr 2001Location: Europe Posts: 5,377This question was the subject of a 2003 SDSAD column, though it was more about tasting cocaine. Reply With Quote# 3 03-04-2012, 07:20 AMaldiboronti Guest Join Date: Mar 2002Location: Troynovant Posts: 8,006Quote: Originally Posted by psychonaut This question was the subject of a 2003 SDSAD column, though it was more about tasting cocaine."
},
{
"docid": "D2243065#0",
"title": "http://www.herbs2000.com/h_menu/saliva.htm\nSaliva",
"text": "\"Saliva Saliva or spit is a watery substance produced in the mouths of many animals, including humans, and is a vital element of their digestive process. Saliva basically commences the digestive process by moistening the ingested food. This watery, often frothy, substance is produced in the salivary glands. There are three pairs of salivary glands in most animals. The parotid glands are found in the cheeks - precisely speaking, at the base of each ear. The sub-mandibular glands are located at the base of the mouth - close to the jaw. The third pair of the salivary glands that are found below the tongue are known as sublingual glands. Constituents in saliva Saliva is composed of a blend of water and other substances dissolved in it and known as enzymes, electrolytes and mucus. In addition to these, saliva also comprises potassium, bicarbonate and sodium. The major constituent of saliva or spit is water, amounting to 99 per cent of its content."
},
{
"docid": "D948174#0",
"title": "https://medlicker.com/1124-swollen-taste-buds\nSwollen taste buds: the ultimate guide to causes, symptoms and treatment",
"text": "Swollen taste buds: the ultimate guide to causes, symptoms and treatment Health A-Z June 7, 2016 8:25 PM 235291Are your taste buds on tip or back of the tongue swollen? This problem may be caused by inflammation, allergic reaction, herpes, yeast infection and even cancer. Here is a detailed evidence based overview of causes, symptoms and medical and home treatment options for inflamed taste buds. Contents What are taste buds and how do they work? What are the causes of swollen taste buds? Transient lingual papillitis Sexually transmitted diseases such as herpes or HPV, thrush or yeast infection Allergic reaction on the tongue Vitamin deficiency (vitamin C and B complex)Swollen taste buds after eating acidic, salty and spicy foods Hot beverages cause inflammation of taste buds Swollen taste buds after drinking and chewing tobacco, cinnamon gum Tongue piercing Cancer Tongue rubbing, cracked tongue, biting, injuries Dry mouth and throat Lupus Sore throat, with a cold and strep throat Adderall side effects Hormonal imbalance, stress, anxiety and depression Swollen taste buds from sugar or sweets Acid reflux Symptoms of swollen or inflamed taste buds Transient lingual papillitis STDS (Sexually transmitted diseases)Vitamin B and C deficiency Oral cancer Lupus Sjorgen’s syndrome GERD (Gastroesophageal reflux disease)How to treat swollen taste buds? Transient lingual papillitis Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)Vitamin B or C deficiency Oral cancer Lupus Home remedies for swollen taste buds Saltwater solution Drink cool beverages Use ice to relieve swelling Eat soothing foods Maintain oral hygiene Lozenges or sprays Use mouthwash Hydrogen peroxide and baking soda Rinse with tea tree oil Apply honey Pepper, Ginger and Garlic Precautions FAQs When should I contact a doctor? Things to remember What are taste buds and how do they work? Taste buds are small papillae like structures found on the upper surface of the tongue. They are too small to be seen separately and they are present on the surface of tongue in large numbers."
},
{
"docid": "D831450#0",
"title": "https://emedicalhub.com/inflamed-taste-buds/\nInflamed (Enlarged) Taste Buds",
"text": "Inflamed (Enlarged) Taste Buds Foods. They keep us alive. They make us happy. They satisfy the cravings of our taste buds. Have you ever wondered what happens if you cannot taste every food that you ingest? That would be undelightful and it will be such a waste because eating tasty foods is like heaven on earth. But what is it that makes us enjoy every food that we take? It is the taste buds on our tongue. Picture 1 : Which part of the tongue perceives what. Source: fitnessbeyondborders.org There are different kinds of taste."
},
{
"docid": "D273447#0",
"title": "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Taste+receptor\ntaste",
"text": "\"taste (redirected from Taste receptor) Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia .taste (tāst)v. tast·ed, tast·ing, tastesv. tr.1. To distinguish the flavor of by taking into the mouth.2. To eat or drink a small quantity of.3. To partake of, especially for the first time; experience: prisoners finally tasting freedom.4. Archaic To appreciate or enjoy.v. intr.1. To distinguish flavors in the mouth.2. To have a distinct flavor: The stew tastes salty.3."
}
] |
8508 | why is the flag at half staff today | [
{
"docid": "D2838998#0",
"title": "http://mo.halfstaff.org/\nEmail Notification",
"text": "\"MISSOURI Half Staff Status Stay Informed Follow us on Facebook & Twitter for updates on half staff flag info. Tweet Email Notification Sign up today to receive email half-staff notifications!Display Half Staff Notifications on your site with our Half Staff Widgets: State Widget Missouri Half Staff Flags US - 3/2/2018 United States Flags at Half-Staff Friday, March 2, 2018 in Honor of Billy Graham US - 2/15/2018 US flags at Half-Staff Honoring the Victims of the Tragedy in Parkland, Florida US - 12/7/2017 United States Flags at Half-Staff Thursday, December 7, 2017 in Honor of National Pearl Harbor Remembrance US - 11/6/2017 US Flags at half-Staff Honoring the Victims of the Sutherland Springs, Texas Shooting US - 10/2/2017 US Flags at Half-Staff Honoring Victims of the Las Vegas Tragedy US - 9/11/2017 US flags at Half-Staff for Patriot Day US - 5/29/2017 Fly the United States Flag at Half-Staff on Memorial Day � Monday, May 29, 2017US - 5/15/2017 Half Staff 5/15/2017 for Peace Officers Memorial Day US - 4/6/2017 United States Flags at Half-Staff on Thursday, April 6, 2017 for the Final Burial of John Glenn US - 12/9/2016 US Flags at Half-Staff for John Glenn US - 12/7/2016 The United States Flags are at Flags at Half-Staff on Wednesday December 7, 2016 in Honor of National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day, 2016. US - 10/9/2016 US Flags at Half Staff in Honor of National Fallen Firefighters Memorial Service US - 9/28/2016 US Flags at Half-Staff for the Death of Shimon Peres US - 7/18/2016 US Flags at Half Staff Honoring the Victims of the Attack in Baton Rouge, Louisiana US - 7/15/2016 US Flags at Half Staff Honoring the Victims of the Attack in Nice, France US - 7/8/2016 US Flags at Half-Staff Honoring the Victims of the Attack in Dallas, Texas US - 6/12/2016 US Flags at Half-Staff Honoring Victims of Attack in Orlando US - 5/30/2016 US Flags at Half-Staff from Sunrise Until Noon for Memorial Day US - 5/15/2016 US Flag at Half Staff - Peace Officers Memorial Day US - 3/22/2016 US Flags at Half Staff Honoring the Victims of the Attacks in Brussels, Belgium Get Widget Now Missouri Flags National Widget03:50 am Apr. 5, 2018FULL STAFFHistorical State Half-Staff Notices: START: 2/27/2014 END: 2/27/2014 Flags to Half-Staff in Missouri in Honor of Lieutenant Bruce Britt Missouri Governor Dixon has ordered that the flags of the United States and the State of Missouri at all state government buildings in Boone County be flown at half-staff on Feb. 27 in honor of Lieutenant Bruce Britt, of the Columbia Fire Department. START: 9/5/2013 END: 9/5/2013 Flags at Half-Staff in Missouri in Honor of Jonathon M. D. Hostetter Missouri Governor Jay Nixon has ordered that the United States and Missouri flags be flown at half-staff on Thursday, Sept. 5 to honor the bravery and sacrifice of Private First Class Jonathon M. D. Hostetter. Private First Class Hostetter, age 20, of Humphreys, was a soldier in the United States Army serving in support of Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan. He died on Aug. 23 while serving his country in Wardak Province, Afghanistan. START: 4/18/2012 END: 4/18/2012 US Flags to Half Staff in Missouri in Honor of Specialist Jeffrey Lee White Jr. Missouri Governor Jay Nixon has ordered that the U. S. and Missouri flags at state buildings in all 114 counties and the City of St. Louis be flown at half-staff on Wednesday, April 18, to honor the bravery and sacrifice of Specialist Jeffrey Lee White Jr. START: 2/6/2012 END: 2/6/2012 US Flags to Half Staff in Missouri in Honor of Douglas D. Haase Gov. Jay Nixon has ordered that the flags of the United States and the State of Missouri at all state government buildings in St. Charles and Lincoln counties be flown at half-staff on Monday (Feb. 6) in honor of Douglas D. \"\"Doug\"\" Haase, a firefighter with the City of St. Charles Fire Department. Firefighter Haase died in the line of duty on Feb. 1, 2012. START: 12/14/2011END: 12/14/2011 Missouri Flags to Half Staff in Honor of Fred Guthrie Jr. Flags will fly at half-staff at all state government buildings Wednesday to honor a Missouri State Highway Patrol officer who died while patrolling floodwaters in northwest Missouri in August. START: 8/17/2011 END: 8/23/2011 US Flags to Half Staff in Missouri in Honor of Matthew D. Mason Missouri Governor Nixon has ordered all flags at all state and government offices statewide to be flown at half-staff from sunrise to sunset on Wednesday, August 17, 2011 in honor of Special Warfare Operator Chief Petty Officer (Seal) Matthew D. Mason who died serving his country in Afghanistan."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2839000#0",
"title": "https://az.gov/half-staff-notices\nHalf Staff Notifications",
"text": "\"Half-staff for interment of Reverend Billy Graham In coordination with the Presidential Proclamation, Governor Ducey has ordered that flags at all state office buildings be lowered to half-staff from sunrise until sunset on March 2, 2018 for the interment of Reverend Billy Graham. Individuals, businesses, and other organizations are encouraged to join in this tribute. Interment03/02/2018Half-staff for interment of 1st Sgt. Nicholas S. Amsberry of Mesa, Arizona Governor Ducey has ordered that flags at all state office buildings be lowered to half-staff from sunrise to sunset on Friday, February 23, 2018 for the interment of 1st Sgt. Nicholas S. Amsberry of Mesa, Arizona, who died in Germany while deployed to the Joint Multinational Readiness Center, in support of operation Atlantic Resolve. Individuals, businesses, and other organizations are encouraged to join in this tribute. Interment02/23/2018Half-staff for Parkland, Florida Tragedy In coordination with the Presidential Proclamation, Governor Doug Ducey has ordered flags at all state office buildings be lowered to half-staff effective immediately, until sunset Monday, February 19, 2018 to honor the victims of the senseless tragedy in Parkland, Florida. Governor Ducey released the following statement: \"\"Flags at all state buildings will be lowered to half-staff until sunset, Monday, February 19 in honor and remembrance of the victims of the Parkland shooting. Our prayers are with them and everyone impacted. \"\" Individuals, businesses, and other organizations are encouraged to join in this tribute."
},
{
"docid": "D85295#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States\nFlag of the United States",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"American Flag\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see American Flag (disambiguation). United States of America Names The American flag, The Stars and Stripes; Red, White and Blue; Old Glory; The Star-Spangled Banner; US flag; United States flag Use National flag and ensign Proportion 10:19Adopted June 14, 1777 (original 13-star version) July 4, 1960 (current 50-star version)Design Thirteen horizontal stripes alternating red and white; in the canton, 50 white stars of alternating numbers of six and five per horizontal row on a blue field The flag of the United States of America, often referred to as the American flag, is the national flag of the United States. It consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton (referred to specifically as the \"\"union\"\") bearing fifty small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows, where rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternate with rows of five stars. The 50 stars on the flag represent the 50 states of the United States of America, and the 13 stripes represent the thirteen British colonies that declared independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain, and became the first states in the U. S. [1] Nicknames for the flag include the Stars and Stripes, [2] Old Glory, [3] and the Star-Spangled Banner. Contents [ hide ]1 History1.1 First flag1.2 The Flag Resolution of 17771.3 Designer of the first stars and stripes1.4 Later flag acts1.5 The \"\"Flower Flag\"\" arrives in Asia1.6 Historical progression of designs2 Future of the flag3 Symbolism: Fort Sumter 18614 Design4.1 Creation4.2 Specifications4.3 Colors4.4 The 49- and 50-star unions4.5 Decoration5 Display and use5.1 Flag etiquette5.2 Display on vehicles5.3 Display on uniforms5.4 Postage stamps5.5 Display in museums5.6 Places of continuous display5.7 Particular days for display5.8 Display at half-staff6 Folding for storage7 Use in funerals8 Related flags8.1 Gallery of related flags9 See also9.1 Article sections9.2 Associated people9.3 Bibliography10 References11 Further reading12 External links History See also: Timeline of the flag of the United States The current design of the U. S. flag is its 27th; the design of the flag has been modified officially 26 times since 1777. The 48-star flag was in effect for 47 years until the 49-star version became official on July 4, 1959. The 50-star flag was ordered by the then president Eisenhower on August 21, 1959, and was adopted in July 1960. It is the longest-used version of the U. S. flag and has been in use for over 57 years. [ 4]First flag Main article: Grand Union Flag The Continental Colors (aka the \"\" Grand Union Flag \"\")Flag of the British East India Company, 1707–1801At the time of the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, the Continental Congress would not legally adopt flags with \"\"stars, white in a blue field\"\" for another year."
},
{
"docid": "D997244#0",
"title": "http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-code.html\nUnited States Flag Code",
"text": "Sec. 1. - Flag; stripes and stars on The flag of the United States shall be thirteen horizontal stripes, alternate red and white; and the union of the flag shall be fifty stars, white in a blue field. Sec. 2. - Same; additional stars On the admission of a new State into the Union one star shall be added to the union of the flag; and such addition shall take effect on the fourth day of July then next succeeding such admission. Sec. 3. - Use of flag for advertising purposes; mutilation of flag Any person who, within the District of Columbia, in any manner, for exhibition or display, shall place or cause to be placed any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawing, or any advertisement of any nature upon any flag, standard, colors, or ensign of the United States of America; or shall expose or cause to be exposed to public view any such flag, standard, colors, or ensign upon which shall have been printed, painted, or otherwise placed, or to which shall be attached, appended, affixed, or annexed any word, figure, mark, picture, design, or drawing, or any advertisement of any nature; or who, within the District of Columbia, shall manufacture, sell, expose for sale, or to public view, or give away or have in possession for sale, or to be given away or for use for any purpose, any article or substance being an article of merchandise, or a receptacle for merchandise or article or thing for carrying or transporting merchandise, upon which shall have been printed, painted, attached, or otherwise placed a representation of any such flag, standard, colors, or ensign, to advertise, call attention to, decorate, mark, or distinguish the article or substance on which so placed shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished by a fine not exceeding $100 or by imprisonment for not more than thirty days, or both, in the discretion of the court. The words ''flag, standard, colors, or ensign'', as used herein, shall include any flag, standard, colors, ensign, or any picture or representation of either, or of any part or parts of either, made of any substance or represented on any substance, of any size evidently purporting to be either of said flag, standard, colors, or ensign of the United States of America or a picture or a representation of either, upon which shall be shown the colors, the stars and the stripes, in any number of either thereof, or of any part or parts of either, by which the average person seeing the same without deliberation may believe the same to represent the flag, colors, standard, or ensign of the United States of America."
},
{
"docid": "D1911264#0",
"title": "http://grammarist.com/usage/half-mast-half-staff/\nHalf-mast vs. half-staff",
"text": "Usage Half-mast vs. half-staff In American English, a flag flown halfway up its flagpole as a symbol of mourning is at half-staff, and a flag flown halfway up a ship’s mast to signal mourning or distress is at half-mast. The distinction does not run deep, though, as the terms are often mixed up, especially in unofficial contexts. Advertisement Outside North America, half-staff is not a widely used term, and half-mast is used in reference to half-raised flags both on land and at sea. Half-mast is also preferred in Canada for both uses, though half-staff appears more frequently there than it does outside North America.6 Comments Expert Tips Powered by Tippola Free Resume Building Apps!Cassandra Gullett Getting interviewed @ Tech Companies Argee Abadines You Might Look Like Your Name.. Lara Vosburgh Sponsored by Revcontent Trending Today2018 Vacations Are Over... but These Epic Photos Will Live on See How This Revolutionary Product Helps Homeowners Avoid Gutter Cleaning American Picker Mike Wolfe's Mansion Is Just Plain Disgusting Remember Sandra Bullock's Son? Try Not To Gasp When You See How He Looks Now 2017 Mazda CX-5 Photo Gallery! Remember Her? Take A Deep Breath Before You See What She Looks Like Now These Hearing Aids Will Change Your Life Play This Game for 1 Minute & See Why Everyone is Addicted Boydton, Virginia: Unbelievable Tiny Company Is Disrupting A 300 Year Old Industry Advertisement Comments Peter says: January 20, 2012 at 10:02 pm This may arguably be the case in modern American English. In the rest of the English-speaking world “half mast” (no hyphen) is the one-and-only correct term; “half-staff” probably won’t even recognized at all, except in Canada. Since the last two sources you quote (and I don’t know about “Hardball Times”) are not American, it’s hardly surprising that they not use the weird American term. Log in to Reply Anonymous says: January 20, 2012 at 11:39 pm Interesting point."
},
{
"docid": "D2546984#0",
"title": "http://www.ushistory.org/flag/\nDisplaying the Flag",
"text": "\"Folding the Flag©2016 ushistory.org Fold the flag in half width-wise twice. If done by two, then the blue field should be facing the bottom on the first fold. Fold up a triangle, starting at the striped end ... and repeat ... until only the end of the union is exposed. Then fold down the square into a triangle and tuck inside the folds. Step-by-step instructions for cadets, boy scouts, etc. This animation frame by frame Displaying the Flag1. When the flag is displayed over the middle of the street, it should be suspended vertically with the union to the north in an east and west street or to the east in a north and south street.2. The flag of the United States of America, when it is displayed with another flag against a wall from crossed staffs, should be on the right, the flag's own right [that means the viewer's left --Webmaster], and its staff should be in front of the staff of the other flag.3. The flag, when flown at half-staff, should be first hoisted to the peak for an instant and then lowered to the half-staff position. The flag should be again raised to the peak before it is lowered for the day."
},
{
"docid": "D1277938#0",
"title": "http://www.holidayinsights.com/other/flagday.htm\nFlag Day",
"text": "\"Flag Day Date When Celebrated : Always June 14 th Flag Day, is a day for all Americans to celebrate and show respect for our flag, its designers and makers. Our flag is representative of our independence and our unity as a nation.....one nation, under God, indivisible. Our flag has a proud and glorious history. It was at the lead of every battle fought by Americans. Many people have died protecting it. It even stands proudly on the surface of the moon. As Americans, we have every right to be proud of our culture, our nation, and our flag. So raise the flag today and every day with pride!Properly Display Our Flag Care and handling of the American flag is steeped in tradition and respect. There is a right way and a wrong way to display the flag. This is called Flag Etiquette."
},
{
"docid": "D2944329#0",
"title": "http://www.wa.halfstaff.org/\nEmail Notification",
"text": "WASHINGTON Half Staff Status Stay Informed Follow us on Facebook & Twitter for updates on half staff flag info. Tweet Email Notification Sign up today to receive email half-staff notifications!Display Half Staff Notifications on your site with our Half Staff Widgets: State Widget Washington Half Staff Flags US - 3/2/2018 United States Flags at Half-Staff Friday, March 2, 2018 in Honor of Billy Graham US - 2/15/2018 US flags at Half-Staff Honoring the Victims of the Tragedy in Parkland, Florida US - 12/7/2017 United States Flags at Half-Staff Thursday, December 7, 2017 in Honor of National Pearl Harbor Remembrance US - 11/6/2017 US Flags at half-Staff Honoring the Victims of the Sutherland Springs, Texas Shooting US - 10/2/2017 US Flags at Half-Staff Honoring Victims of the Las Vegas Tragedy US - 9/11/2017 US flags at Half-Staff for Patriot Day US - 5/29/2017 Fly the United States Flag at Half-Staff on Memorial Day � Monday, May 29, 2017US - 5/15/2017 Half Staff 5/15/2017 for Peace Officers Memorial Day US - 4/6/2017 United States Flags at Half-Staff on Thursday, April 6, 2017 for the Final Burial of John Glenn US - 12/9/2016 US Flags at Half-Staff for John Glenn US - 12/7/2016 The United States Flags are at Flags at Half-Staff on Wednesday December 7, 2016 in Honor of National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day, 2016. US - 10/9/2016 US Flags at Half Staff in Honor of National Fallen Firefighters Memorial Service US - 9/28/2016 US Flags at Half-Staff for the Death of Shimon Peres US - 7/18/2016 US Flags at Half Staff Honoring the Victims of the Attack in Baton Rouge, Louisiana US - 7/15/2016 US Flags at Half Staff Honoring the Victims of the Attack in Nice, France US - 7/8/2016 US Flags at Half-Staff Honoring the Victims of the Attack in Dallas, Texas US - 6/12/2016 US Flags at Half-Staff Honoring Victims of Attack in Orlando US - 5/30/2016 US Flags at Half-Staff from Sunrise Until Noon for Memorial Day US - 5/15/2016 US Flag at Half Staff - Peace Officers Memorial Day US - 3/22/2016 US Flags at Half Staff Honoring the Victims of the Attacks in Brussels, Belgium Get Widget Now Washington Flags National Widget11:22 am Apr. 4, 2018FULL STAFFHistorical State Half-Staff Notices: START: 4/15/2014 END: 4/15/2014 Flags at Half Staff in Washington to Honor Vitims of the SR350 slide Washington Governor Inslee has ordered the United States and Washington State flags be lowered to half-staff at 12:00 noon on Tuesday, April 15, 2014 in memory of the victims of the SR530 slide that occurred on March 22, 2014. Flags should remain at half-staff until the end of the day on Tuesday, April 22, 2014 or first thing Wednesday morning, April 23, 2014. All individuals are encouraged to join in this tribute. START: 4/15/2014 END: 4/22/2014 Flags at Half-Staff in Washington in Honor of Mud Slide Victims Washington Governor Inslee has direct that Washington State and United States flags at all state agency facilities be lowered to half-staff at 12:00 noon on Tuesday, April 15, 2014, in memory of the victims of the SR 530 slide that occurred on March 22, 2014. Flags should remain at half-staff until the end of the day on Tuesday, April 22, 2014, or first thing Wednesday morning, April 23, 2014. START: 2/9/2014 END: 2/9/2014 Flags to Half-Staff in Washington in Honor of Christopher Stover Washington Governor Inslee has directed that American flags and Washington flags at all state agencies and sites be lowered to half-staff Sunday in memory of Air Force Capt. Christopher Stover. The 28-year-old helicopter pilot from Vancouver died Jan. 7 in a training flight along the English coast."
},
{
"docid": "D2745721#0",
"title": "http://www.onlinedegreereviews.org/college/strayer-university-reviews/\nStrayer University",
"text": "\"Strayer University Review Averages: 5.3 out of 10 ( 94 reviews)Ranking: #75Strayer University in Baltimore caters to adult learners seeking career advancement. Strayer offers courses through a network of 70 nationwide campuses and online. Program areas include: accounting; business; criminal justice; education; health services administration; information systems; management; and public administration. Accreditation: Non-Profit: Yes Country: USAWebsite Learn More about Strayer University Request Information »Others Who Viewed This College Also Viewed Rating: 67% Rating: 89%Rating: 66%Strayer University Reviews:. BBA - September 5, 2017 I have had nothing but good experiences with Strayer, I started with them back in July of 2014 and I'm almost done. Strayer, has been very supportive and call me regularly to see how I'm doing. I believe that you can SOAR with Strayer, you just have to be willing to do the work and give it 100%. I am so happy I chose them.4 of 5 people found the following review helpfulnightmare financial department Computer Information and Technology - March 28, 2017 The financial department in this school is a joke. no one there is trained to know what is required for you to successfuly be verified. Employees keep your documents on their desk month and not upload them to the system , just to make sure you don't get approved."
},
{
"docid": "D1030401#0",
"title": "http://crypticimages.com/why-are-flags-at-half-staff-today/\nCrypticImagesLatest Why Are Flags At Half Staff Today news and image galleries.",
"text": "\"Cryptic Images Latest Why Are Flags At Half Staff Today news and image galleries. Why Are Flags At Half Staff Today News and Images - 100 Photos Flags Will Fly At Half Staff Tomorrow In Tribute To John Wold -. Why Is Flag At Half Mast Today WORLD Of FLAGS | WORLD Of FLAGS. Why Were the Flags at Half Mast Today Provo Insider vwxs Tn Sq Gov. Orders Flags at Half-Staff Today - Local News. Orders Flags at Half-Staff Today Why Are Flags at Half-Staff Today in Danvers? - Danvers, MA Patch. Half Staff Again? | Dave Isom. Half Staff What Does a Flag at Half Mast Mean?. Why flags are at half staff today: Saturday, August 20, 2011."
},
{
"docid": "D2838999#0",
"title": "http://ma.halfstaff.org/\nEmail Notification",
"text": "MASSACHUSETTS Half Staff Status Stay Informed Follow us on Facebook & Twitter for updates on half staff flag info. Tweet Email Notification Sign up today to receive email half-staff notifications!Display Half Staff Notifications on your site with our Half Staff Widgets: State Widget Massachusetts Half Staff Flags US - 3/2/2018 United States Flags at Half-Staff Friday, March 2, 2018 in Honor of Billy Graham US - 2/15/2018 US flags at Half-Staff Honoring the Victims of the Tragedy in Parkland, Florida US - 12/7/2017 United States Flags at Half-Staff Thursday, December 7, 2017 in Honor of National Pearl Harbor Remembrance US - 11/6/2017 US Flags at half-Staff Honoring the Victims of the Sutherland Springs, Texas Shooting US - 10/2/2017 US Flags at Half-Staff Honoring Victims of the Las Vegas Tragedy US - 9/11/2017 US flags at Half-Staff for Patriot Day US - 5/29/2017 Fly the United States Flag at Half-Staff on Memorial Day � Monday, May 29, 2017US - 5/15/2017 Half Staff 5/15/2017 for Peace Officers Memorial Day US - 4/6/2017 United States Flags at Half-Staff on Thursday, April 6, 2017 for the Final Burial of John Glenn US - 12/9/2016 US Flags at Half-Staff for John Glenn US - 12/7/2016 The United States Flags are at Flags at Half-Staff on Wednesday December 7, 2016 in Honor of National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day, 2016. US - 10/9/2016 US Flags at Half Staff in Honor of National Fallen Firefighters Memorial Service US - 9/28/2016 US Flags at Half-Staff for the Death of Shimon Peres US - 7/18/2016 US Flags at Half Staff Honoring the Victims of the Attack in Baton Rouge, Louisiana US - 7/15/2016 US Flags at Half Staff Honoring the Victims of the Attack in Nice, France US - 7/8/2016 US Flags at Half-Staff Honoring the Victims of the Attack in Dallas, Texas US - 6/12/2016 US Flags at Half-Staff Honoring Victims of Attack in Orlando US - 5/30/2016 US Flags at Half-Staff from Sunrise Until Noon for Memorial Day US - 5/15/2016 US Flag at Half Staff - Peace Officers Memorial Day US - 3/22/2016 US Flags at Half Staff Honoring the Victims of the Attacks in Brussels, Belgium Get Widget Now Massachusetts Flags National Widget05:17 pm Apr. 8, 2018FULL STAFFHistorical State Half-Staff Notices: START: 7/14/2014 END: 7/14/2014 US & Commonwealth Flags lowered to Half Staff in Honor of United States Marine Lance Corporal Sean Michael Dougan Massachusetts Governor Patrick has ordered the United States flag and the Commonwealth flag be lowered to half-staff at all state buildings from sunrise to sunset on Monday, July 14, 2014 in honor of United States Marine Lance Corporal Sean Michael Dougan of Springfield who died on July 2, 2014. START: 4/17/2014 END: 4/17/2014 Flags to Half-Staff in Massachusetts in Honor of Dennis O. Simmonds Massachusetts Governor Patrick has ordered the United States flag and the Commonwealth flag of Massachusetts lowered to half staff on Thursday, April 17, 2014 in honor of Dennis O. Simmonds, Boston Police Department, of Hyde Park who died on April 10, 2014. START: 4/15/2014 END: 4/22/2014 Flags to Half-Staff in Massachusetts in Honor of 2013 Boston Marathon Victims Massachusetts Governor Patrick has ordered that the United States flag and the Commonwealth flag be lowered to half-staff at all state buildings from sunrise to sunset on Tuesday, April 15, 2014 in honor of the individuals who lost their lives and were injured during the Boston Marathon Bombings of April 15, 2013. START: 2/26/2014 END: 2/26/2014 Flags to Half Staff in Massachusetts in Honor of Army PV2 Miguel Angel Verdejopolonco Massachusetts Acting Governor Galvin has ordered the United States Flag and Commonwealth flag lowered to half-staff from sunrise until sunset on Wednesday, February 26, 2014 in honor of United States Army PV2 Miguel Angel Verdejopolonco of Peabody who died on February 18, 2014. START: 2/12/2014 END: 2/12/2014 Flags at Half Staff in Massachusetts in Honor of Myrnairis Bones Cepeda Massachusetts Governor Patrick has ordered the U. S. flag and Commonwealth of Massachusetts flag lowered to half-staff at all state buildings from sunrise so sunset on Wednesday, February 12, 2014 in honor of United States Army Sergeant Myrnairis Bones Cepeda of Roxbury who died on February 2, 2014. START: 1/20/2014 END: 1/20/2014 Flags at Half-Staff in Massachusets in Honor of Nathan Nissy Massachusets Governor Deval Patrick ordered flags in the Commonwealth to be lowered to half staff Monday in memory of a Dracut sailor who died Dec. 30. Navy Petty Officer Third Class Nathan Nissay died in Saratoga Springs, N. Y. while attending classes at the Naval Propulsion Training Center there. START: 1/11/2014 END: 1/11/2014 FLags at Half Staff in Massachusetts in Honor of Ryan A. Goldie Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick's order to lower the flags from sunrise to sunset honors decorated Army specialist Ryan A. Goldie, 28, a Wareham native who died of non-combat causes in December."
},
{
"docid": "D3366115#0",
"title": "http://answers.com/q/why_do_we_raise_the_flag_to_half-staff\nWhy do we raise the flag to half-staff?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History National Emblems Flags Why do we raise the flag to half-staff? Flag Why do we raise the flag to half-staff? Answer by Tippnick Confidence votes 7The flag is at half-staff when remembering an important person's death or when they die. Ex: on the anniversary of Martin Luther King Jr.'s death the flag is at half-staff. and half staff is simply when the flag is half way down the flag pole.9 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Carlitos81 44 Contributions Why is the flag flown at half staff until noon on Memorial Day then raised to full staff? On Memorial Day, the flag flies at half staff for only the first half of the day to honor the war dead. At noon it is raised to full staff to show that the nation lives. Blobbert 37,033 Contributions Why do you raise the flag? The earliest use of flags was in battle, to rally the troops to a specific location."
},
{
"docid": "D1803792#0",
"title": "http://www.flagandbanner.com/flags/flag_etiquette.asp\nFlag Etiquette",
"text": "\"Home / Flag Etiquette Flag Etiquette It is the universal custom to display the American flag only from sunrise to sunset on buildings and on stationary flagstaffs in the open. However, when a patriotic effect is desired, the flag may be displayed twenty-four hours a day if properly illuminated during the hours of darkness. * Click here for a printable PDF of this information. * How do you want to display your American Flag? General Display With a State Flag With a State or Company Flag With Mulitple Flags With International Country Flags Around a Speaker's Platform At Half-Staff During Maritime On a Vehicle Other General Displaying of a US Flag When displayed either horizontally or vertically against a wall, the union should be uppermost and to the flag's own right, that is, to the observer's left. When displayed in a window, the American flag should be displayed in the same way, with the union or blue field to the left of the observer in the street. No other flag or pennant should be placed above, or, if on the same level, to the right of the flag of the United States of America, except during church services conducted by naval chaplains at sea...for personnel of the Navy...when the church pennant may be flown above the flag. No person shall display the flag of the United Nations of any other national or international flag equal, above, or in a position of superior prominence or honor to, or in place of, the flag of the United States at any place within the United States or any Territory of possession thereof; provided, that nothing in this section shall make unlawful the continuance of the practice heretofore followed of displaying the flag of the United Nations in a positions of equal prominence of honor, and other national flags in positions of equal prominence or honor, with that of the flag of the United States at the headquarters of the United Nations. ( return to top)Displaying a US Flag with a State Flag When flags of States, cities, or localities, or pennants of societies are flown on the same halyard with the flag of the United States, the latter should always be at the peak with six inches between each flag. Shop State flags here Shop City and District flags here (return to top)Displaying a US Flag with a State or Company Flag When the flags are flown from adjacent staffs, the American flag should be jousted first and lowered last."
},
{
"docid": "D3008629#0",
"title": "http://www.militarywives.com/index.php/protocol-mainmenu-264/air-force-protocol-mainmenu-298/change-of-command-mainmenu-332/111-protocol/army-protocol\nArmy Protocol Army Protocol",
"text": "Army Protocol Army Protocol Introduction The information contained herein is quoted from A Guide To Protocol And Etiquette For Official Entertainment (Pamphlet No. 600-60 Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, D. C., dated 15 October 1989)Protocol is accepted practices developed among nations in the course of their contacts with one another. It is a combination of good manners and common sense which allows effective communication between heads of state and their representatives. It is not static. Rather, it is an evolving science which, over the years, has lost much of its traditional pomp and picturesque ceremony. Changes in accepted protocol, however, are best left to the highest policy-forming officers in the Department of State. Error in protocol may be mistaken for a signal of a change in the international climate. Persons using this pamphlet are cautioned that unauthorized innovations in protocol, however well intentioned, are improper. Etiquette is the body of manners and forms prescribed by custom, usage, or authority. It is accepted as correct behavior when people deal with one another."
},
{
"docid": "D3290564#0",
"title": "http://www.ushistory.org/betsy/faq3.htm\nBetsy Ross and the American Flag",
"text": "\"Half-Staff, Half-Mast Is there a difference between half-mast and half-staff? According to Merriam-Webster's (3rd Edition): Half-mast: a point some distance but not necessarily halfway down below the top of a mast or staff or the peak of a gaff. Half-staff: HALF-MAST — used of a flag or a flagpole The Associated Press Style Guide suggests using \"\"half staff. \"\" However, most dictionaries use \"\"half-mast\"\" as the preferred term. The Flag Code (section 7-m) reads: The term \"\"half-staff\"\" means the position of the flag when it is one-half the distance between the top and bottom of the staff;Using Google, you find the term \"\"half-mast\"\" 592,000 times and the term \"\"half-staff\"\" 428,000 times. Searching White House press releases \"\"half-staff\"\" appears 80 times to \"\"half-mast\"\" only 4 times. Naval flag protocol uses the term \"\"half-staff\"\" 10 times, and the term \"\"half-mast\"\" 61 times. Our conclusion is that both terms can be used. The term \"\"half-mast\"\" is preferred by dictionaries and seems more appropriate at sea (as ships have masts). \"\" Half-staff\"\" seems more appropriate on land, and is the preferred term used in the Flag Code and in Presidential proclamations."
},
{
"docid": "D3424367#0",
"title": "http://www.md.halfstaff.org/\nEmail Notification",
"text": "MARYLAND Half Staff Status Stay Informed Follow us on Facebook & Twitter for updates on half staff flag info. Tweet Email Notification Sign up today to receive email half-staff notifications!Display Half Staff Notifications on your site with our Half Staff Widgets: State Widget Maryland Half Staff Flags US - 3/2/2018 United States Flags at Half-Staff Friday, March 2, 2018 in Honor of Billy Graham US - 2/15/2018 US flags at Half-Staff Honoring the Victims of the Tragedy in Parkland, Florida US - 12/7/2017 United States Flags at Half-Staff Thursday, December 7, 2017 in Honor of National Pearl Harbor Remembrance US - 11/6/2017 US Flags at half-Staff Honoring the Victims of the Sutherland Springs, Texas Shooting US - 10/2/2017 US Flags at Half-Staff Honoring Victims of the Las Vegas Tragedy US - 9/11/2017 US flags at Half-Staff for Patriot Day US - 5/29/2017 Fly the United States Flag at Half-Staff on Memorial Day � Monday, May 29, 2017US - 5/15/2017 Half Staff 5/15/2017 for Peace Officers Memorial Day US - 4/6/2017 United States Flags at Half-Staff on Thursday, April 6, 2017 for the Final Burial of John Glenn US - 12/9/2016 US Flags at Half-Staff for John Glenn US - 12/7/2016 The United States Flags are at Flags at Half-Staff on Wednesday December 7, 2016 in Honor of National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day, 2016. US - 10/9/2016 US Flags at Half Staff in Honor of National Fallen Firefighters Memorial Service US - 9/28/2016 US Flags at Half-Staff for the Death of Shimon Peres US - 7/18/2016 US Flags at Half Staff Honoring the Victims of the Attack in Baton Rouge, Louisiana US - 7/15/2016 US Flags at Half Staff Honoring the Victims of the Attack in Nice, France US - 7/8/2016 US Flags at Half-Staff Honoring the Victims of the Attack in Dallas, Texas US - 6/12/2016 US Flags at Half-Staff Honoring Victims of Attack in Orlando US - 5/30/2016 US Flags at Half-Staff from Sunrise Until Noon for Memorial Day US - 5/15/2016 US Flag at Half Staff - Peace Officers Memorial Day US - 3/22/2016 US Flags at Half Staff Honoring the Victims of the Attacks in Brussels, Belgium Get Widget Now Maryland Flags National Widget12:46 pm Apr. 9, 2018FULL STAFFHistorical State Half-Staff Notices: START: 6/1/2014 END: 6/1/2014 MD state flags lowered to half staff in Honor of Firefighter Robert Fogle IIIMaryland Governor O�Malley has directed the Maryland State flag lowered to half-staff immediately, June 1, 2014, until further notice in honor of Firefighter Robert Fogle III, a 27-year veteran of the Baltimore County Fire Department who died yesterday as a result of injuries suffered in the line of duty. START: 4/25/2014 END: 4/25/2014 Flags to Half-Staff in Maryland in Honor of Mark Mayo Maryland Governor O'Malley has ordered flags to half-staff is in honor of Petty Officer 2nd Class Mark Mayo, of Hagerstown, MD, who was killed on March 24, 2014. START: 4/24/2014 END: 4/24/2014 Flags to Half in Maryland in Honor of Torrey Brown Maryland Governor O’Malley has ordered the Maryland State Flag to be flown at half-staff over the Maryland State House and all Maryland Department of Natural Resources Facilities on Thursday, April 24, 2014 in honor of Torrey Brown, the former Secretary of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources who died on April 20, 2014. START: 1/7/2014 END: 1/8/2014 Flags at Half-Staff in Maryland in Honor of Bishop Lee Robinson Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley has ordered the Maryland State Flag to be flown at half-staff through Wednesday, January 8, 2014 in honor of Bishop Lee Robinson Sr., Baltimore City's first African-American Police Commissioner and a former Secretary of two State agencies, who died yesterday. START: 11/16/2013END: 11/16/2013 Flags to Half-Staff in Maryland in Honor of David R. Barr Jr. Governor Martin O'Malley of Maryland has ordered the Maryland State Flag to be flown at half staff. This is in honor of Firefighter David R. Barr Jr., a 13 year veteran of the Perryville Community Fire Company. START: 11/16/2013END: 11/16/2013 US Flags at Half Staff in Maryland in Honor of David R. Barr Jr. Governor Martin O'Malley of Maryland has ordered the Maryland State Flag to be flown at half staff."
},
{
"docid": "D195420#0",
"title": "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/What+is+a+Flag\nflag",
"text": "\"flag (redirected from What is a Flag) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Financial .flag,common name for several plants belonging to the families Iridaceae and Araceae. See irisiris,common name for members of the genus Iris of the Iridaceae, a family of perennial herbs that includes the crocuses, freesias, and gladioli. The family is characterized by thickened stem organs (bulbs, corms, and rhizomes) and by linear or sword-shaped..... Click the link for more information. ; arumarum,common name for the Araceae, a plant family mainly composed of species of herbaceous terrestrial and epiphytic plants found in moist to wet habitats of the tropics andsubtropics; some are native to temperate zones...... Click the link for more information..flag,piece of cloth, usually bunting or similar light material, plain, colored, or bearing a device,varying in size and shape, but often oblong or square, used as an ensign, standard, or signal or fordisplay and decorative purposes, and generally attached at one edge to a staff or to a halyard by which it may be hoisted. The part of the flag attached to the staff or halyard is the hoist; the portionfrom the attached part to the free end is the fly; the top quarter of the flag next to the staff is thecanton. The U. S. Flag Origin and Design In the British colonies of North America before the Revolution, each of the 13 colonies had its flag. On Jan. 2, 1776, the first flag of the United States was raised at Cambridge, Mass., by George Washington. Known as the Grand Union flag, it consisted of 13 stripes, alternate red and white, with a blue canton bearing the crosses of St. George and St. Andrew. Congress, on June 14, 1777,enacted a resolution \"\"that the Flag of the United States be 13 stripes alternate red and white, thatthe Union be 13 stars white in a blue field representing a new constellation.\"\" The story of Betsy Ross Ross, Betsy,1752–1836, American seamstress, b. Philadelphia."
},
{
"docid": "D3306173#0",
"title": "http://awm.com/if-you-see-an-american-flag-with-a-blue-stripe-through-the-middle-heres-what-it-means/\nIf You See An American Flag With A Blue Stripe Through The Middle, Hereâs What It Meansâ¦",
"text": "Alexander Smith / AWM contributor Many people across the States proudly fly the American flag outside their homes. Places of businesses often do the same thing. But a new, disturbing trend is starting to appear outside of homes across the country. You might have seen the black and white American flag with one blue stripe going through the middle. As you might have guessed, these flags signify the person and community’s support of the police force. In light of police killings, people are coming forward and flying the flag in order to demonstrate that they are in solidarity with the men and women committed to protecting and serving their community…These black and white flags with the blue stripe are showing up outside of more and more homes across the country. In the wake of Dallas police shooting over the weekend, more and more people are getting these flags up there. Many people are posting pictures of these flags from their homes with hashtags including #Support Blue and #Prayersfor Dallas One social media user called Law Enforcement Today shared a picture of the black and white flag with the blues stripe flown at half-mast after the police killing in Dallas. They captioned the image with: “As a LEO in Valley, NE I have taken the liberty of lowering my Blue Line Flag to half staff”One woman replied to this poignant post. “ Ya know what I cant wrap my head around…All LEO go to work fully aware of the 50/50 risk, BUT none expected to leave their home and be killed, the wives, children, parents, all have to deal with loss and pain because of one mans disgrutled feelings."
},
{
"docid": "D2236397#0",
"title": "http://www.townofwestyellowstone.com/\n",
"text": "\"POPULAR LINKSRecreation Calendar Forms Business Licensing Summer Recreation Town Council Agendas, Packets and Minutes Staff Directory Town Council members Job Openings Payment Options Take me to…A Codification of the General Ordinances of the Town of West Yellowstone, Montana ... What do our Town laws say? Recreation Newsletter. More... Payment Option…Need to make a one time payment to the Town? Click here... and select make payment in the upper right hand corner... Epic Fishing Opportunities \"\"Snowmobile Capital of the World\"\" Youth and Adult Recreation Programs Historic Town Buildings- Union Pacific Dining Lodge Spectacular XC Ski Trails1 2 3 4 5< >Welcome to West Yellowstone, Montana! West Yellowstone was incorporated in 1966 but has existed as a gateway community to Yellowstone National Park since the early 1900s. The most recent census reported that West Yellowstone has a population of approximately 1300 people, but our winters are extreme and that number slides a bit during the colder months. Although we are a very small community, visitation to West Yellowstone tops 4 million people per year. Whether you live here, want to live here, or just plan to visit, we have something here for you. Drinking Water Monitoring Requirement Notice posted 2/1/18Proposed Ordinance No. 266, Tourist Homes, Workforce Housing and living in RVs in the Madison Addition – click here Final Growth Policy – 12/1/17 click here or visit www.planwestyellowstone.com Resolution No."
},
{
"docid": "D3360436#0",
"title": "http://www.monroeohio.org/departments/police/honor-guard/half-staff\nFlying half staff Flag Information",
"text": "Flying half staff Flag Information Official Dates to fly half-Staff: Peace Officers Memorial Day, May 15th Memorial Day, last Monday in May (Flag raised to full staff at noon)Korean War Veterans Day, July 27th Patriot Day, September 11th Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day, December 7th How to fly your flag at half-Staff: With a telescoping pole it is acceptable to put the USA flag on the second set of rings instead of the top set. In this case the top set would be left empty. When the United States flag is flown at half-staff, State & other flags should be removed or flown at half-staff too. If your flag can't fly at Half-Staff: For flags that can't be lowered, such as those on many homes, the American Legion says that attaching a black ribbon or streamer to the top of the flag is an acceptable alternative. The ribbon should be the same width as a stripe on the flag and the same length as the flag. ( Now in Stock for 2x3', 3x5', 4x6' & 5x8' flags, Call to order 1-888-697-3524)For a wall mounted flag, three black mourning bows should be attached to the top edge of the flag, one at each corner and one in the center. Other Rules: Only the President and state Governors can decide when and how long the flag should be flown at half-staff. Thirty days after the death of a president or former president Ten days after the death of a vice president, the chief of justice or a retired chief of justice or the speaker of the house of representatives. Until the burial of an associate justice of the Supreme Court, secretary of a military department, a former vice president, or the governor of a state, territory, or possession. On the day of and the day after the death of a member of Congress."
},
{
"docid": "D505113#0",
"title": "https://www.cnn.com/2015/07/21/politics/chattanooga-victims-white-house-flag-gop/index.html\nObama orders flags to half staff at White House for Chattanooga victims",
"text": "\"Obama orders flags to half staff at White House for Chattanooga victims By Jim Acosta, CNN Senior White House correspondent Updated 3:37 PM ET, Tue July 21, 2015JUST WATCHEDWhite House, U. S. Capitol flags lowered to half-staff Replay MUST WATCHMayor: We had no indication shooter was a threat Marine killed in Chattanooga shooting identified FBI: We are checking every lead Muslim community condemns Chattanooga shooting Friend of shooter: 'It's a wave of disbelief and shock'MMA Coach: He was an All-American kid Chattanooga Mayor: Our hearts are breaking What do we know about Mohammad Youssuf Abdulazeez? Video: Chattanooga shooter participated in MMA fights Vehicle used in Chattanooga shooting a rental Coach: Chattanooga gunman was 'humble' and 'smart'4 Marines killed in Chattanooga shooting attack Obama: Chattanooga shooting a 'heartbreaking circumstance'Witness: 'I was in shock at how many times he fired'White House, U. S. Capitol flags lowered to half-staff Marines 'willingly ran back into the fight'Chattanooga shooter followed writings of al Qaeda cleric Sources: Shooter searched 'martyrdom' online Armed man stands guard at recruitment center Family spokesman: Chattanooga shooter had depression What did the shooter's writings reveal? States increase security for military installations How the Chattanooga shooting unfolded Witness records gunfire during Chattanooga shooting FBI begins 'terrorism investigation' in Chattanooga Investigators look for clues about Chattanooga gunman Chief: Wounded cop dragged 'from under the gunfire'Chattanooga shooter's father was investigated by FBIMayor: We had no indication shooter was a threat Marine killed in Chattanooga shooting identified FBI: We are checking every lead Muslim community condemns Chattanooga shooting Friend of shooter: 'It's a wave of disbelief and shock'MMA Coach: He was an All-American kid Chattanooga Mayor: Our hearts are breaking What do we know about Mohammad Youssuf Abdulazeez? Video: Chattanooga shooter participated in MMA fights Vehicle used in Chattanooga shooting a rental Coach: Chattanooga gunman was 'humble' and 'smart'4 Marines killed in Chattanooga shooting attack Obama: Chattanooga shooting a 'heartbreaking circumstance'Witness: 'I was in shock at how many times he fired'White House, U. S. Capitol flags lowered to half-staff Marines 'willingly ran back into the fight'Chattanooga shooter followed writings of al Qaeda cleric Sources: Shooter searched 'martyrdom' online Armed man stands guard at recruitment center Family spokesman: Chattanooga shooter had depression What did the shooter's writings reveal? States increase security for military installations How the Chattanooga shooting unfolded Witness records gunfire during Chattanooga shooting FBI begins 'terrorism investigation' in Chattanooga Investigators look for clues about Chattanooga gunman Chief: Wounded cop dragged 'from under the gunfire'Chattanooga shooter's father was investigated by FBI (CNN) The White House and U. S. Capitol both lowered flags to half staff by Tuesday afternoon, after they were out of sync Tuesday in their tributes to the five U. S. service members who were slain by a gunman in Chattanooga last week. House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, and Senate Majority Leader Mitch Mc Connell, R-Kentucky announced Tuesday that flags at the Capitol would be lowered to half-staff in honor of the victims. \"\" Out of respect for their courageous service and sacrifice to our nation, flags at the U. S. Capitol are being lowered to half-staff,\"\" Boehner said in a statement. But at the other end of Pennsylvania Avenue, the flags at the White House noticeably remained at full-staff. Aides to the president have repeatedly declined to discuss whether the flags at the White House would be similarly lowered. Boehner's office said Tuesday that they had alerted the White House of their plans."
}
] |
8518 | why was the civil rights movement often called the second reconstruction | [
{
"docid": "D201965#0",
"title": "http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/modern-civil-rights-movement-1950s-1960s-often-called-second-reconstruction-compare-legisl-q1085649\nQuestion: The modern Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s is often called a",
"text": "Question: The modern Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s is often called a The modern Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s is often called a Expert Answer No answer yet. Submit this question to the community. Ask question"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2896540#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Civil_War\nAmerican Civil War",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from US Civil War)navigation search American Civil War Clockwise from top: Battle of Gettysburg, Union Captain John Tidball's artillery, Confederate prisoners, ironclad USS Atlanta, ruins of Richmond, Virginia, Battle of Franklin Date April 12, 1861 – May 9, 1865 (by proclamation) [1] (4 years, 3 weeks and 6 days) ( Last shot fired June 22, 1865)Location Southern United States, Northeastern United States, Western United States, Atlantic Ocean Result Union victory Dissolution of the Confederate States U. S. territorial integrity preserved Slavery abolished Beginning of the Reconstruction Era Belligerents United States Confederate States Commanders and leaders Abraham Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant William T. Sherman David Farragut George B. Mc Clellan Henry Halleck George Meadeand others Jefferson Davis Robert E. Lee J. E. Johnston G. T. Beauregard A. S. Johnston †Braxton Braggand others Strength2,200,000: [a]Union Army Union Marines Union Navy Revenue Service698,000 (peak) [2] [ better source needed] [3]750,000–1,000,000: [a] [4]Confederate army Confederate marines Confederate navy360,000 (peak) [2] [5]Casualties and losses110,000+ killed in action/died of wounds 230,000+ accident/disease deaths [6] [7] 25,000–30,000 died in Confederate prisons [2] [6]365,000+ total dead [8] 282,000+ wounded [7] 181,193 captured [2] [ better source needed] [9]Total: 828,000+ casualties94,000+ killed in action/died of wounds [6] 26,000–31,000 died in Union prisons [7]290,000+ total dead 137,000+ wounded 436,658 captured [2] [ better source needed] [10]Total: 864,000+ casualties50,000 free civilians dead [11] 80,000+ slaves dead [12]Total: 785,000–1,000,000+ dead [13] [14] [ show]v t e Theaters of the American Civil War Events leading to the American Civil War Slavery Northwest Ordinance Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions Battle of Negro Fort Missouri Compromise Tariff of 1828Nat Turner's slave rebellion Nullification Crisis The Amistad Prigg v. Pennsylvania Texas annexation Mexican–American War Wilmot Proviso Manifest destiny Underground Railroad Nashville Convention Compromise of 1850Fugitive Slave Act of 1850Uncle Tom's Cabin Kansas–Nebraska Act Ostend Manifesto Bleeding Kansas Caning of Charles Sumner Dred Scott v. Sandford The Impending Crisis of the South Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry1860 presidential election Crittenden Compromise Secession of Southern States Star of the West Corwin Amendment Battle of Fort Sumterv t e The American Civil War (also, known by other names) was a civil war that was fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. As a result of the long-standing controversy over slavery, war broke out in April 1861, when Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina, shortly after U. S. President Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated. The nationalists of the Union proclaimed loyalty to the U. S. Constitution. They faced secessionists of the Confederate States, who advocated for states' rights to expand slavery. Among the 34 U. S. states in February 1861, seven Southern slave states individually declared their secession from the U. S. to form the Confederate States of America, or the South. The Confederacy grew to include eleven slave states. The Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by the United States government, nor was it recognized by any foreign country (although the United Kingdom and France granted it belligerent status ). The states that remained loyal to the U. S. (including the border states where slavery was legal) were known as the Union or the North. The Union and Confederacy quickly raised volunteer and conscription armies that fought mostly in the South over four years. The Union finally won the war when General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at the Battle of Appomattox Court House, followed by a series of surrenders by Confederate generals throughout the southern states."
},
{
"docid": "D2956932#0",
"title": "http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/why-dont-we-ike-civil-rights\nWhy donât we remember Ike as a civil rights hero?",
"text": "President Dwight Eisenhower gestures during a news conference Jan.19, 1956, his first formal meeting with the press since August 4. APWhy don’t we remember Ike as a civil rights hero?05/17/14 12:05 PM — Updated 05/18/14 03:31 PMBy Adam Serwer Sixty years ago, with its historic ruling in Brown v. Board of Education, the U. S. Supreme Court outlawed segregation in public schools. President Dwight D. Eisenhower didn’t sound too happy about that. “The Supreme Court has spoken and I am sworn to uphold the constitutional processes in this country; and I will obey,” Eisenhower said shortly after the ruling. Despite his own Justice Department having sought this ruling, to most observers, it didn’t sound like Ike was much of a fan. And to the South, it signaled that the popular president and war hero wasn’t ready to fight for integration. Ike’s frosty response to Brown has always cast a shadow over the progress he made on civil rights. After all, he worked to desegregate the nation’s capital and fulfilled his predecessor Harry Truman’s order to desegregate the military. The liberal federal judges Eisenhower appointed would serve as a bulwark against the segregationists later appointed by President John F. Kennedy, who was beholden to southern senators from his party. But as a strong believer in federalism, Ike was reluctant to use federal power to intervene on behalf of civil rights in the states, and his civil rights accomplishments were ultimately dwarfed by another successor, Lyndon Johnson, who during the 1950s served as Ike’s nemesis in the Senate as Eisenhower sought the first civil rights bills since Reconstruction."
},
{
"docid": "D1853478#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)\nHistory of Georgia (U.S. state)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Part of a series on the History of the State of Georgia Pre-Columbian European Exploration Colonial Georgia American Revolution Antebellum Period American Civil War Reconstruction Postbellum Economic Growth Agrarian Unrest and Disfranchisement Progressive Era Civil Rights Movement Sun Belt growth and the New Right Georgia (U. S. state) portalv t e The history of Georgia in the United States of America spans pre-Columbian time to the present-day U. S. state of Georgia. The area was inhabited by Native American tribes for thousands of years. A modest Spanish presence was established in the late 16th century, mostly centered on Catholic mission work. The Spanish were largely gone by the early 18th century, though they remained in nearby Florida, and their presence ultimately left little impact on what would become Georgia. ( Most Spanish place names in Georgia date from the 19th century, not from the age of colonization. ) English settlers arrived in the 1730s, led by James Oglethorpe. The name \"\"Georgia\"\", after George II of Great Britain, dates from the creation of this colony. Slavery was forbidden in the colony, but the ban was overturned in 1749. Slaves numbered 18,000 at the time of the American Revolution. The citizens of Georgia agreed with the other 12 colonies concerning trade rights and issues of taxation."
},
{
"docid": "D2983733#0",
"title": "http://afroamhistory.about.com/od/civilrightsstruggle1/a/timeline1960.htm\nCivil Rights Movement Timeline From 1960 to 1964",
"text": "\"Humanities ›History & Culture Civil Rights Movement Timeline From 1960 to 1964Important Dates and Events to Know From the Early 1960s Fight for Equality Share Flipboard Email Print The Black Freedom Struggle Slave Revolts, Abolition, and the Underground Railroad Nat Turner's Rebellion How Slaves Resisted Abolitionist Pamphlet Campaigns The Underground Railroad The Fugitive Slave Act Women Abolitionists The Missouri Compromise and Dred Scott John Brown and His Raid Slavery and the Civil War Emancipation Reconstruction Resistance to Black Codes Radical Reconstruction The Black Church Opposition to Reconstruction: The Rise of the KKK and Other Hate Groups Early 20th Century Rise of Pan-Africanism The Harlem Renaissance Black Soldiers in WWI and WWIIUnderstanding the Jim Crow South The Black Press and Jim Crow The National Association of Colored Women The Southern Civil Rights Movement The SCLCSNCCThe Black Panthers1950s1960 - 19641965 - 1969Freedom Songs Black Power Politics and Race in Late 20th Century Redlining and Housing Segregation Black Representation in Government: Jesse Jackson, Shirley Chisolm, and more Affirmative Action Resisting Racism in Policing and the Justice System Rodney King The War on Drugs The Million Man March Police Racism, Violence, and Black Lives Matter Resisting Racism Todayby Lisa Vox Updated January 22, 2018U. S. Embassy New Delhi/ Flickr CCThis civil rights movement timeline chronicles important dates during the struggle's second chapter, the early 1960s. While the fight for racial equality began in the 1950s, the non-violent techniques the movement embraced began to pay off during the following decade. Civil rights activists and students across the South challenged segregation, and the relatively new technology of television allowed Americans to witness the often brutal response to these protests. President Lyndon B. Johnson successfully pushed through the historic Civil Rights Act of 1964, and a number of other groundbreaking events unfolded between 1960 and 1964, the span covered by this timeline.1960On Feb. 1, four young African American men, students at North Carolina Agriculture and Technical College, go to a Woolworth in Greensboro, N. C., and sit down at a whites-only lunch counter. They order coffee. Despite being denied service, they sit silently and politely at the lunch counter until closing time. Their action marks the start of the Greensboro sit-ins, which sparks similar protests all over the South. On April 15, the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee holds its first meeting. On July 25, the downtown Greensboro Woolworth desegregates its lunch counter after six months of sit-ins. On Oct. 19, Martin Luther King Jr. joins a student sit-in at a whites-only restaurant inside of an Atlanta department store, Rich's."
},
{
"docid": "D2783942#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American_History\nAfrican-American history",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from African American History)navigation search African-American topics History (timeline) [show]Culture [show]Religion [show]Political movements [show]Civic / economic groups [show]Sports [show]Ethnic subdivisions [show]Languages [show]Diaspora [show]Lists [show]Category: African-American society African American portalv t e African-American history is the part of American history that looks at the African-Americans or Black Americans in the United States. Although previously marginalized, African-American history has gained ground in school and university curricula and gained wider scholarly attention since the late 20th century. The black history that pre-dates the slave trade is rarely taught in schools and is almost never acknowledged. As a result many African-Americans grow up believing that slavery is the only event to occur in their history before the civil rights movement, which is not accurate. Millions of African people were forcibly brought to and held captive in the United States from 1555 to 1865. Contents [ hide ]1 Slavery1.1 African origins1.1.1 Regions of Africa1.2 The Middle Passage1.3 Transport2 Early African-American history2.1 Black population in 1700s3 The Revolution and early America4 Religion5 The antebellum period5.1 Abolitionism5.2 The Black community5.3 Haiti's effect on slavery5.4 The Dred Scott decision6 The American Civil War, Emancipation7 Reconstruction8 Jim Crow, disenfranchisement and challenges8.1 Racial terrorism9 Civil rights10 The Great Migration and the Harlem Renaissance11 African-American Businesses11.1 Women in the beauty business12 World War I13 New Deal13.1 Cotton14 World War II14.1 Military14.2 Civilian14.3 Hollywood15 Second Great Migration16 Civil Rights Movement17 Post Civil Rights era of African-American history17.1 Social issues18 Historiography18.1 Knowledge of black history18.2 Scholars of African-American history19 See also20 Notes21 Further reading21.1 Reference books21.2 Surveys21.3 Since 194021.4 Activism and urban culture21.5 Historiography and teaching21.6 Primary sources22 External links Slavery [ edit]African origins [ edit]Most African Americans are descended from Africans brought directly from Africa to America to become slaves. Originally captured in African wars or raids and transported in the Atlantic slave trade. [ 1] African Americans are descended from various ethnic groups, mostly from western and central Africa, including the Sahel. A smaller number came from eastern and southeastern Africa. The major ethnic groups that the enslaved Africans belonged to included the Hausa, Bakongo, Igbo, Mandé, Wolof, Akan, Fon, Yoruba, and Makua, among many others."
},
{
"docid": "D3550045#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120504152351AAt0Ie9\nThere are two goals of Reconstruction of the Civil war.how was the first goal more successful than the other?",
"text": "\"Arts & Humanities History There are two goals of Reconstruction of the Civil war.how was the first goal more successful than the other? The two main goals of Reconstruction were to bring the former Confederate states back into the Union and to ensure the equal citizenship and rights of former slaves. Why was the first goal more successfully achieved than the second?1 following 4 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Cool question! The first goal was obviously completed as the Union won the war and the Confederacy was abolished. After the surrender, William Tecumseh Sherman was in charge of overseeing the southern states as they were reorganized and fashioned so that they would be loyal to the union and not continue to rebel. Along with this responsibility, he was charged with overseeing that all slaves were released from their former owners and peacefully resettled. Though the slavery was abolished, this left a large population of freed slaves who ,all of a sudden, were left without homes, work, or education. Sherman issued Special Field Order No.15, often referred to as 40 acres and a mule. This was supposed to give every freed slave and his family 40 acres of land (then the standard size of a family farm) and a mule (the union army had many mules used during the war that they no longer needed). Though many of the freed slaves received their land and mule, the assassination of Lincoln put Andrew Johnson in office and he revoked the field order returning the land to it's former white owners."
},
{
"docid": "D2926546#0",
"title": "http://civilwar.wikia.com/wiki/Reconstruction_era_of_the_United_States\nReconstruction era of the United States",
"text": "\"In the history of the United States, Reconstruction Era has two uses; the first covers the entire nation in the period 1865–1877 following the Civil War; the second one, used in this article, covers the transformation of the Southern United States from 1863 to 1877, with the reconstruction of state and society in the former Confederacy. Three amendments to the Constitution affected the entire nation. In the different states, Reconstruction began and ended at different times; federal Reconstruction policies were finally abandoned with the Compromise of 1877. [ 1]Reconstruction policies were debated in the North when the war began, and commenced in earnest after the Emancipation Proclamation, issued on January 1, 1863. Reconstruction policies were implemented when a Confederate state came under the control of the Union Army. President Abraham Lincoln set up reconstructed governments in several southern states during the war, including Tennessee, Arkansas and Louisiana, and experimented with giving land to ex-slaves in South Carolina. President Andrew Johnson continued Lincoln's lenient plans despite the widespread bitterness over Lincoln's assassination. Johnson appointed new governors in the summer of 1865, and quickly declared that the war goals of national unity and the ending of slavery had been achieved, so that reconstruction was completed. Republicans in Congress refused to accept Johnson's lenient terms, rejected the new members of Congress selected by the South, and in 1865-66 broke with the president. A sweeping Republican victory in the 1866 Congressional elections in the North gave the Radical Republicans enough control of Congress that they over-rode Johnson's vetoes and began what is called \"\"Radical reconstruction\"\" in 1867."
},
{
"docid": "D1947482#0",
"title": "http://history-world.org/history_of_the_united_states4.htm\n.",
"text": "\"page2page3page4page5page6page7page8page9Message Board Weekly Poll The United States Of America, Part Four This is the story of how the American Republic developed from colonial beginnings in the 16th century, when the first European explorers arrived, until modern times. History of the United States: Continued, Page Four JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY A Transforming Democracy After 1815 Americans transformed the republic of the Founding Fathers into a democracy. State after state revoked property qualifications for voting and holding office—thus transforming Jefferson’s republic of property holders into Andrew Jackson’s mass democracy. Democracy, however, was not for everyone. While states extended political rights to all white men, they often withdrew or limited such rights for blacks. As part of the same trend, the state of New Jersey took the vote away from propertied women, who formerly had possessed that right. Thus the democratization of citizenship applied exclusively to white men. In the mid–19th century, these men went to the polls in record numbers. The election of 1828 attracted 1.2 million voters; that number jumped to 1.5 million in 1836 and to 2.4 million in 1840. Turnout of eligible voters by 1840 was well over 60 percent—higher than it had ever been, and much higher than it is now."
},
{
"docid": "D742202#0",
"title": "https://www.pbs.org/theblues/classroom/defhistory.html\n.",
"text": "\"<< Blues Classroom Click here to download a PDF of this lesson. ( 1.9 MB)Overview This lesson enables teachers to use blues music to explore the history of African Americans in the 20th century. By studying the content of blues songs, students can learn about the experiences and struggles of the working-class Southerners who created the music, including the legacies of slavery and the cotton economy in the South, the development of Jim Crow, the Great Migration, and the Civil Rights Movement. Learning Objectives By completing this lesson, the student will: Familiarize him/herself with some of the major events of African American history since the Civil War, including the development of Jim Crow, the Great Migration, the Civil Rights Movement, and the development of black nationalism Comprehend some of the political and social issues involved in African Americans' struggle for equality in the United States Evaluate blues songs as a primary source Standards Addresses the following themes in the National Curriculum Standards for Social Studies: Primary Themes: II, V Secondary Themes: I, VI, XResources Needed Music: The Blues Teacher's Guide CD: J. B. Lenoir, \"\" Shot on James Meredith \"\"\"\" Trouble So Hard \"\"Skip James, \"\" Hard Time Killin' Floor Blues \"\"Muddy Waters, \"\" Mannish Boy \"\"Chris Thomas King, \"\" Da Thrill Is Gone From Here \"\" Web Sites: http://www.newseum.org/pulitzer/html/4/http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5760/http://www.galegroup.com/free_resources/bhm/Film Tie-Ins Events and Time Periods in African American History Warming by the Devil's Fire (segments featuring Jim Crow trains, black prison work gangs, the 1927 Mississippi River flood, and railroad building)Godfathers and Sons (segment in which Marshall Chess and Chuck D discuss Chicago as a destination for African Americans as well as Europeans)The Soul of a Man (historical footage of sharecroppers and poverty in first segment featuring Skip James; Civil Rights Movement footage in second segment featuring J. B. Lenoir)Waning of Blues Popularity in the late 1950s The Road To Memphis (segment titled \"\"Like Being Black Twice,\"\" in which B. B. King discusses the changing appeal of blues to blacks)Introductory Exercise Traditional political history examines the past in terms of those who led society, drawing on the personal papers, public speeches, and decisions of well-known people, often in government. But for African Americans, who, for 200 years, were systematically denied both a leadership role in society and the kind of education that would produce a rich body of written thought, other kinds of sources are often needed. In particular, scholars have often turned to creative expression—poetry, song, dance—for insight into the thoughts and experiences of African Americans in the past. This exercise, which asks students to study three different sources for the shooting of civil-rights activist James Meredith, will show that the blues can be an important source for this kind of historical work. First, ask students to read the initial Associated Press news report about the shooting. Discuss what kinds of information the article contains and why. What is its tone or attitude toward the shooting?"
},
{
"docid": "D3446531#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/24736534/history-1302-chapter-15-flash-cards/\nHistory 1302 Chapter 15",
"text": "\"63 terms monkey_1796History 1302 Chapter 15Multiple Choice and True and False Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort During the reconstruction the Black church functioned as a vital setting for All of the above One of the Main purposes of the Freedmen's Bureau was to Ensure a fair and Viable system of labor relations between former slaves and former slaveholderswhich of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence? ratification of the thirteenth amendment; tensure of office act; impeachment of johnson; election of grantwhich of the following was not a widespread activity among newly emancipated blacks? moving to the north in search of greater freedom and opportunitywho among the following was NOT a leader of the radical republicans? Andrew Johnsonwhich of the following was NOT a central thrust of the reconstruction amendments to the constitution redistribution of the former slave owners land among the freed slaveswhich of the following was NOT a major effect of reconstruction (at its height) upon southern society? it inspired a mass exodus of southern blacks to lands that had never known slavery.which of the following was NOT a major cause of the decline of Reconstruction a deepening of mutual respect between black and white southerns making reconstruction seem no longer necessarywhat was being reconstructed in Reconstruction? The Nation In the 5 years following the end of the civil war former slaves were granted the following in three amendments to the US constitution: freedom from slavery; recognition as citizens; and the vote for adult black men.the phrase \"\"forty acres and a mule\"\" was derieved from: sherman's field order 15which were central elements in the lives of post-emancipation blacks in the 20yrs. following the end of the civil war? the family, the church, and the school In the aftermath of the civil war, the black church was a powerful influence in the south. what 2 denominators commanded the largest African - American following? Baptist and Methodist As meant in the section on the free labor system, define \"\"free labor\"\" non-slave labor in a market economywhich was not a principal task of the freedmen's bureau (1865-1870)?"
},
{
"docid": "D2179507#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_second_reconstruction_act\nWhat is the second reconstruction act?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States African-American History What is the second reconstruction act? Flag What is the second reconstruction act? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. Second Reconstruction is a term, coined by historian C. Vann Woodward, that refers to the American Civil Rights Movement. In many respects, the mass movement against segregation and discrimination that erupted following World War II, shared many similarities with the period of Reconstruction which followed the American Civil War. The period of Second Reconstruction featured active participation on the part of African-Americans to regain their rights that they had lost during the period of Redemption and Jim Crow segregation in the later part of the 19th century. During Second Reconstruction, African-Americans once again began holding various political offices, and reasserting and reclaiming their civil and political rights as American citizens. Unlike Reconstruction, however, most African-Americans abandoned the Republican Partyfor the Democratic Party. A noteworthy feature of Second Reconstruction was the political realignment that occurred in 1965, which transformed the nature and composition of both the Republican and Democratic Parties, eroding the Democratic Solid South. In the same way, however, that Reconstruction was followed by Redemption, some have also claimed that period following Second Reconstruction could be termed a Second Redemption characterized by more conservatism on the part of the federal government, and several Supreme Court decisions that weakened the scope of civil rights reforms, especially in the Northern States.6 people found this useful Was this answer useful?"
},
{
"docid": "D1332444#0",
"title": "http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Civil_Rights_Movement.aspx\nCIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT",
"text": "\"CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTThe civil rights movement was a struggle by African Americans in the mid-1950s to late 1960s to achieve civil rights equal to those of whites, including equal opportunity in employment, housing, and education, as well as the right to vote, the right of equal access to public facilities, and the right to be free of racial discrimination. No social or political movement of the twentieth century has had as profound an effect on the legal and political institutions of the United States. This movement sought to restore to African Americans the rights of citizenship guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, which had been eroded by segregationist jim crow laws in the South. It fundamentally altered relations between the federal government and the states, as the federal government was forced many times to enforce its laws and protect the rights of African American citizens. The civil rights movement also spurred the reemergence of the judiciary, including the Supreme Court, in its role as protector of individual liberties against majority power. In addition, as the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr, and other leaders of the movement predicted, the movement prompted gains not only for African Americans but also for women, persons with disabilities, and many others. The civil rights movement has been called the Second Reconstruction, in reference to the Reconstruction imposed upon the South following the Civil War. During this period, the fourteenth amendment (1868)—granting equal protection of the laws—and fifteenth amendment (1870)—giving the right to vote to all males regardless of race—were ratified, and troops from the North occupied the South from 1865 to 1877 to enforce the abolition of slavery. However, with the end of Reconstruction in 1877, southern whites again took control of the South, passing a variety of laws that discriminated on the basis of race. These were called Jim Crow laws, or the black codes."
},
{
"docid": "D1837775#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/62647155/apush-reconstruction-civil-rights-movement-flash-cards/\nAPUSH Reconstruction/ Civil Rights Movement",
"text": "\"107 terms jdanto639APUSH Reconstruction/ Civil Rights Movement Flashcards Write Spell Test Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Garrison Frazier A Baptist minister chosen as the group's spokesman when meeting with General William Sherman and Edwin Stanton regarding black rights (specifcally to land)Reconstruction Rebuilding of the shattered nation Sherman's Special Field Order 15 Set aside the Sea Islands and a large area along SC and GA coasts for the settlement of black families on forty acre plots of land. Also offered them broken-down mules that the army could no longer use. -phrase \"\"40 acres and a mule\"\" derived from this. Freedom to blacks Freedom meant escaping numerous injustices such as slavery, punishment by whip, separation of families, denial of education, sexual exploitation, and most importantly sharing the rights and opportunities provided to American citizens Families in Freedom Institutions that had existed before the war like the black family, free blacks' churches and schools, and the secret slave church, were strengthened, expanded, and freed from white supervision. Family played central role in post-emancipation era- many efforts to try to locate loved ones who had been separated via slave trade. Also entrenched traditional gender roles and positions. Church and School Blacks created own churches. Black ministers came to play a large role in politics."
},
{
"docid": "D2525307#0",
"title": "https://msuweb.montclair.edu/~furrg/essays/fieldsideolandrace.html\nIdeology and Race in American History",
"text": "\" (From Region, Race, and Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of C. Vann Woodward. Ed. J. Morgan Kousser and James M. Mc Pherson. New York / Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982, pp. 143-177. ) Ideology and Race in American History Barbara J. Fields The notion of race has played a role in the way Americans think about their history similar to that once played by the frontier and, if anything, more durable. Long after the notion of the frontier has lost its power to do so, that of race continues to tempt many people into the mistaken belief that American experience constitutes the great exception in world history, the great deviation from patterns that seem to hold for everybody else. Elsewhere, classes may have struggled over power and privilege, over oppression and exploitation, over competing senses of justice and right; but in the United States, these were secondary to the great, overarching theme of race. U. B. Phillips once wrote that the determination to preserve a white man's country was the central theme of Southern history. l Today, chastened by the failed hopes of the civil-rights era and genuinely appalled at the ironic turn of events that has seemed at times to give the Ku Klux Klan as much standing in California and Michigan as in Georgia or Mississippi, many humane individuals would regretfully extend Phillips's dictum."
},
{
"docid": "D469809#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_Republican\nRadical Republican",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Radical Republicans (disambiguation). Radical Republicans Leader (s) Senator John C. Frémont ( CA) Senator Charles Sumner ( MA) Representative Thaddeus Stevens ( PA) President Ulysses S. Grant ( OH)Founded 1854Dissolved 1877Merger of Ex Free Soils Succeeded by Stalwart Ideology Abolitionism Reconstructionism National affiliation Republican Party Politics of United States Political parties Elections The Radical Republicans were a faction of American politicians within the Republican Party of the United States from around 1854 (before the American Civil War) until the end of Reconstruction in 1877. They called themselves \"\"Radicals\"\" with a sense of a complete permanent eradication of slavery and secessionism, without compromise. They were opposed during the War by the moderate Republicans (led by President Abraham Lincoln ), by the conservative Republicans, and by the anti-abolitionist and anti-Reconstruction Democratic Party as well as by conservatives in the South and liberals in the North during Reconstruction. [ 1] Radicals led efforts after the war to establish civil rights for former slaves and fully implement emancipation. After weaker measures resulted in 1866 violence against former slaves in the rebel states, Radicals pushed the 14th Amendment and statutory protections through Congress. They disfavored allowing ex Confederates officers to retake political power in the south, and emphasized equality, civil rights and voting rights for the \"\" freedmen \"\" (recently freed slaves). [ 2]During the war, Radical Republicans opposed Lincoln's initial selection of General George B. Mc Clellan for top command of the major eastern Army of the Potomac and his efforts to bring seceded Southern states back into the Union as quickly and easily as possible. Lincoln later recognized Mc Clellan's weakness and relieved him of command. The Radicals passed their own reconstruction plan through the Congress in 1864, but Lincoln vetoed it and was putting his own presidential policies in effect by virtue as military commander-in-chief when he was assassinated in April 1865. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1134191#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_strategy\nSouthern strategy",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For the British strategy in the American Revolutionary War, see Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War. The Southern United States as defined by the Census Bureau In American politics, the Southern strategy was a Republican Party electoral strategy to increase political support among white voters in the South by appealing to racism against African Americans. [ 1] [2] [3] As the civil rights movement and dismantling of Jim Crow laws in the 1950s and 1960s visibly deepened existing racial tensions in much of the Southern United States, Republican politicians such as presidential candidate Richard Nixon and Senator Barry Goldwater developed strategies that successfully contributed to the political realignment of many white, conservative voters in the South that had traditionally supported the Democratic Party to the Republican Party. [ 4] It also helped push the Republican Party much more to the right. [ 4]In academia, the \"\"Southern strategy\"\" refers primarily to \"\"top down\"\" narratives of the political realignment of the South which suggest that Republican leaders consciously appealed to many white Southerners' racial resentments in order to gain their support. [ 5] This top-down narrative of the southern strategy is generally believed to be the primary force that transformed southern politics following the civil rights era. [ 6] [7] This view has been questioned by historians such as Matthew Lassiter, Kevin M. Kruse and Joseph Crespino, who have presented an alternative, \"\"bottom up\"\" narrative, which Lassiter has called the \"\"suburban strategy\"\". This narrative recognizes the centrality of racial backlash to the political realignment of the South, [8] but suggests that this backlash took the form of a defense of de facto segregation in the suburbs rather than overt resistance to racial integration and that the story of this backlash is a national rather than a strictly Southern one. [ 9] [10] [11] [12]The perception that the Republican Party had served as the \"\"vehicle of white supremacy in the South\"\", particularly during the Goldwater campaign and the presidential elections of 1968 and 1972, made it difficult for the Republican Party to win the support of black voters in the South in later years. [ 4] In 2005, Republican National Committee chairman Ken Mehlman formally apologized to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), a national civil rights organization, for exploiting racial polarization to win elections and ignoring the black vote. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3312286#0",
"title": "https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-us-history/period-5/apush-reconstruction/a/life-after-slavery\nOverview",
"text": "Overview The Thirteenth Amendment (1865) ended slavery, and slavery’s end meant newfound freedom for African Americans. During the period of Reconstruction, some 2000 African Americans held government jobs. The black family, the black church, and education were central elements in the lives of post-emancipation African Americans. Many African Americans lived in desperate rural poverty across the South in the decades following the Civil War. Emancipation: promise and poverty For African Americans in the South, life after slavery was a world transformed. Gone were the brutalities and indignities of slave life, the whippings and sexual assaults, the selling and forcible relocation of family members, the denial of education, wages, legal marriage, homeownership, and more. African Americans celebrated their newfound freedom both privately and in public jubilees. But life in the years after slavery also proved to be difficult. Although slavery was over, the brutalities of white race prejudice persisted. After slavery, government across the South instituted laws known as Black Codes."
},
{
"docid": "D1406035#0",
"title": "https://www.quia.com/jg/1271782list.html\n.",
"text": "\"Java Games: Flashcards, matching, concentration, and word search. Chapter 15: Reconstruction 1863-1877Tools Copy this to my account E-mail to a friend Find other activities Start over Help A BWhat was Lincoln's position on how the conquered southern states be treated (after the Civil War)? The former states of the Confederacy should be treated as states that had never really left the Union What was the opposing position to Lincoln's on how the conquered southern states should be treated (after the Civil War)? The former states of the Confederacy should be treated as conquered territory subject to continued military occupation What did the Republicans in the North want for the south after the end of the Civil War? Why? Wanted to continue the economic progress begun during the war because the southern aristocracy still needed a cheap labor force to work its plantations What did the freedmen and women hope to achieve? Was it realized? Why or why not? They hoped to achieve independence and equal rights but traditional beliefs limited the actions of the federal government and constitutional concepts of limited government and states' rights discouraged national leaders from taking bold action (also, little economic help was given to either whites or blacks in the South because most Americans believed that free people in a free society had both an opportunity and a responsibility to provide for themselves)Who was going to have to rebuild the South? The states and individuals (while the federal government concentrated on political issues)What was Abraham Lincoln's belief/view of the southern states leaving the Union?"
},
{
"docid": "D3325387#0",
"title": "https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/29/magazine/voting-rights-act-dream-undone.html\nA Dream Undone",
"text": "\"Photographs by Jeremy M. Lange for The New York Times. Illustration by Ben Wiseman. A Dream Undone Inside the 50-year campaign to roll back the Voting Rights Act. Disenfranchised By JIM RUTENBERG JULY 29, 2015O n the morning of his wedding, in 1956, Henry Frye realized that he had a few hours to spare before the afternoon ceremony. He was staying at his parents’ house in Ellerbe, N. C.; the ceremony would take place 75 miles away, in Greensboro, the hometown of his fiancée; and the drive wouldn’t take long. Frye, who had always been practical, had a practical thought: Now might be a good time to finally register to vote. He was 24 and had just returned from Korea, where he served as an Air Force officer, but he was also a black man in the American South, so he wasn’t entirely surprised when his efforts at the registrar’s office were blocked. Adopting a tactic common in the Jim Crow South, the registrar subjected Frye to what election officials called a literacy test. In 1900, North Carolina voters amended the state’s Constitution to require that all new voters “be able to read and write any section of the Constitution in the English language,” but for decades some registrars had been applying that already broad mandate even more aggressively, targeting perfectly literate black registrants with arbitrary and obscure queries, like which president served when or who had the ultimate power to adjourn Congress. “ I said, ‘Well, I don’t know why are you asking me all of these questions,’ ” Frye, now 83, recalled. “"
},
{
"docid": "D2387878#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States\nLynching in the United States",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search John Heath 's corpse hanging from a pole in Arizona after being lynched on February 22, 1884. The body of George Meadows, lynched near the Pratt Mines in Alabama's Jefferson County on January 15, 1889. Bodies of three men lynched in Georgia, May 1892. Six African-American men lynched in Lee County, Georgia, on January 20, 1916Lynching is the practice of murder by extrajudicial action. Lynchings in the United States rose in number after the American Civil War in the late 1800s, following the emancipation of slaves; they declined after 1930 but were recorded into the 1960s. Lynchings most frequently targeted African-American men and women in the South, with lynchings also occurring in the North during the Great Migration of blacks into Northern areas. The political message—the promotion of white supremacy and black powerlessness—was an important element of the ritual, with lynchings photographed and published as postcards which were popular souvenirs in the U. S. [1] [2] As well as being hanged, victims were sometimes burned alive and tortured, with body parts removed and kept as souvenirs. [ 3]Lynchings were most frequent from 1890 to the 1920s, with a peak in 1892. Starting with large mob actions attended by hundreds or thousands of watchers, lynchings in the 20th century began to be secretly conducted by small groups of people. Lynchings were also common in the Old West, where Native Americans, Latinos, and Asian Americans were the primary victims. ["
}
] |
8520 | why were ziggurats tall? | [
{
"docid": "D2069658#0",
"title": "http://www.chacha.com/question/why-were-ziggurats-so-tall\nWhy were Ziggurats so tall",
"text": "Anonymous Why were Ziggurats so tall January 6, 2011 (5 years ago)In: Health › Fitness Answer Ziggurats were attempted to be built as high as they could because the Mesopotamia's believed that they could reach the sky, connecting the heavens and earth. The largest Ziggurat was 335 feet tall with a base of 300 feet squared. Cha Cha!5 years ago Last Week's Popular Questions for Fitness What type of control did European leaders exercise in 1815? In 1815 the Congress of Vienna re-established Swiss inde and the European powers... How can an athletic trainer prevent the exchange of bodily fluids between the athlete and herself? There is no way to stop 100% of bodily fluids like sweat from exchanging during... Are eggo waffles vegan? Eggo waffles do contain eggs, making them not vegan.... Mmmm, waffles!Are mashed potatoes from KFC vegan The mashed potatoes from KFC contain milk and butter, so they are vegetarian, but... When A man weighs 140 pounds and has two 12 oz. beers and 1 1/2 shot of liquor in one hour. What is his estimated BAC? The estimated BAC for the two beers is 0.034 and 0.021 for the shot which equals... See All Questions ▶"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2164044#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_religion_did_the_sumerians_believe_in\nWhat religion did the sumerians believe in?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Travel & Places Continents and Regions Mesopotamia Sumer What religion did the sumerians believe in? Flag What religion did the sumerians believe in? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. The Sumerians believed that the world was created out of an an ancient sea from whence the universe, gods, and people were created. They believed that the universe was ruled by these gods, who were anthropomorphic (they had human features and personalities) and who represented various natural phenomenon. Each Sumerian city-state had its own patron deity to whom the citizens paid homage. Temples, known as ziggurats, were often erected in the cities to honor and house each city's god. The city of Ur, for example, constructed a ziggurat for Nanna, the god of the moon. The key gods of the Sumerians were Enki (god of water), Ki (god of earth), Enlil (god of air), and An (god of heaven). These main gods were believed to have created the rules of Sumerian society to which all people were expected to adhere."
},
{
"docid": "D1598611#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/6870276/k12-history-unit-1-quizzes-review-flash-cards/\nK12 - History - Unit 1 Quizzes Review",
"text": "77 terms kerryjobrady K12 - History - Unit 1 Quizzes Review Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort When did Homo sapiens first appear? 200,000 B. C. Which method for determining the age of artifacts measures the rate of decay in atoms in volcanic rock? potassium-argon dating What caused prehistoric people to drastically change the way they lived? climate change What did improved farming techniques lead to? division of labor Which best defines history? study of the human past and the story of change over time Which kind of scholar studies objects left behind by humans? archaeologist What does the out of Africa theory maintain? Modern humans originated in Africa and migrated to other parts of the world."
},
{
"docid": "D2060846#0",
"title": "http://www.weeklystandard.com/the-last-shuttle-launch/article/576918\nThe Last Shuttle Launch",
"text": "THE MAGAZINE: From the July 25 Issue The Last Shuttle Launch One giant leap backwards.12:00 AM, Jul 25, 2011 | By P. J. O'Rourke Merritt Island, Florida My seven-year-old son, Cliff, watched the last space shuttle launch from the NASA viewing stands at the Kennedy Space Center. He had a spiritual experience of a kind that no amount of dragging him to Mass or even Fenway Park has inspired. His little face—seemingly made up entirely of open eyes—announced it: “ This is awe!” He didn’t need to say anything and, having forgotten to breathe, he probably couldn’t. Indeed, for the first waking moment in his 89 months on earth, he was silent. The swooped delta of the Atlantis shuttle with its orange gothic squid of a liquid fuel tank and its twin column, party hat-topped solid-fuel boosters—the “full stack” as it’s called—is three-and-a-half miles away but looms nonetheless. Perching on its launcher it is as tall as a 25-story building. There’s a flash below the engine nozzles. A fiery glory pours out on every side. A few seconds later comes the joyful noise, a trumpeting so powerful that the decibels will kill you if you’re closer than 800 feet."
},
{
"docid": "D2055301#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/6069615/apah-g2-flash-cards/\nAPAH G2",
"text": "\"51 terms Xxvillainessx XAPAH G2g2Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Historical Introduction - Ancient Near East -Mesopotamia = land between 2 rivers (Tigris & Euphrates) -9000 BCE in the Neolithic/New Stone Age period -Ancient Near East = area includes Mesopotamia, modern Turkey, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt, and Iran -Sumerians = united by common language/religious culture -Sargon ruled independent/competitive/political entities = city-states -developed the first writing system (cuneiform) -distinct forms of art and architecture (ziggurat) emphasizing the power of the king. -art = little statues w/ ugly cat-looking cross-eyed eyes -eventually fell under the power of the Akkadians -Akkadians were conquered by the Gutians -art = Bronze statue head \"\"man w/ beard\"\" (Akkadian) -art = Gudea; little statue of him seated (diorite, Neo-Sumerian) -Sumerian return to power (known as the Neo-Sumerian period) was short lived -Taken over by Amorites -ruler = Hammurabi, Capital = Babylon -new powers = Babylonians -art = Stele with law code of Hammurabi (basalt) one guy seated on throne, one guy wearing hat standing opposite him The Power of Writing -Sumerian writing = mid-fourth millennium BCE, used for keeping track of goods traded between city-states -consisted of pictographic symbols that represented objects -- -Sumerian scribes developed cuneiform = used a reed stylus to create wedge-shaped marks in wet clay tablets/scratched marks into stone. -Sumerians developed complex system of symbols that allowed them to write about more abstract concepts or to compose literary works such as the Epic of Gilgamesh. -Few mastered this system, but those who did employed a powerful tool for memory, representation, and conceptual thinking. Sumerian Temples -each Sumerian city-state was under the protection of a deity to whom the main temple of the city was dedicated -temple was located at the center of the city-state and was placed on ziggurat (= a large trapezoidal platform that could sometimes have many levels) -Ziggurats were used by most civilizations of Mesopotamia -not well preserved, due to the fragility of the mud-brick material used -art = temple of Uruk (Iraq) or \"\"White Temple\"\"The Ziggurat of Ur -constructed using mud-brick -terraces on top of each of the three platforms & buttress on either side of the central staircase = additional structural support for the ziggurat -temple on the top platform was dedicated to moon god Nanna -patron = Ur-Nammu = ruler during the Neo-Sumerian period -Gate = 3 staircases meet -Stairs = had to climb them to be closer to the celestial realm -Temple = on top of the 3rd platform. May have been statue (may have been broken down for precious reusable metals) -Terraces = platforms/roofs that could be walked on -Buttresses = press up against the exterior wall for additional support The Standard of Ur -King Meskalamdug (c. 2550-2400 BCE) and Queen Pu-Abi (c. 2600-2500 BCE) were buried with servants and precious objects called grave goods. -Standard of Ur = depicts a ruler engaged in a battle -war side and the peace side; story is read as a comic strip; images are read left to right, begins in the lower left-hand corner and ends in the upper right-hand corner -Register = division of space in a composition -Ground Line = artificial line, represents where the base of where elements are positioned -Composite view = Frontal and side views are both seen in a single figure -Hierarchical Scale = size of one element is larger than those elements surrounding it Sumerian Temples -Musical instruments = lyres = placed in the burial chambers --art = bull-headed lyre (made of wood, gold & lapis lazuli); read from bottom to top. man between the two bulls is shown in the center -depicts a banquet, just as the peace side of the standard; half-human/half-animal figures bring food and wine for the celebration; a lyre player entertains the guests."
},
{
"docid": "D2419877#0",
"title": "http://graphics.latimes.com/wilshire-grand-earthquakes/\nBuilt to defy severe quakes, the New Wilshire Grand is seismically chic",
"text": "\"By Thomas Curwen Graphics by Lorena Iñiguez Elebee | Photography by Mel Melcon Contact the reporters November 2, 2014Sharelines For those building tallest skyscraper in a seismic hot zone, earthquake simulations led to big changes New Wilshire Grand's engineer has been consumed by making the tower stand up to fierce ground movements Plans for L. A. 's tallest skyscraper have been tested against 11 of the most severe quakes possible On engineer Leonard Joseph's computer screen, the New Wilshire Grand was an apparition of white lines floating calmly in black space. Then Joseph clicked his mouse, and the 73-story tower began to move, slowly at first, then more violently as a simulated earthquake, magnitude 7.8, shook its foundation. The skyscraper bowed, swayed and wobbled. ADVERTISEMENTJoseph was incredulous. \"\" It's like those inflatable figures on the roadside,\"\" he remembers thinking. If the tower were to dance like that, he realized, it would never stand. The more it bent, the more the gravity load would increase the bending, and down this billion-dollar hotel and office project would fall. Joseph knew the computer had amplified the movements 50-fold to make the trouble spots obvious, a 150-foot bend being more conspicuous than a three-foot bend. Even so, he found the images disturbing, a reminder of the risk of raising a skyscraper in Southern California, particularly one as slender and tall as the New Wilshire Grand. The animation was so sobering that he keeps it under wraps, lest the simulation go viral and raise unfounded fears about the tower's integrity."
},
{
"docid": "D2238573#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/90002241/ap-world-history-ch-1-3-flash-cards/\nAP World History Ch. 1-3",
"text": "\"62 terms leahcantrelle AP World History Ch. 1-3Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort What did the religious or spiritual dimension of Paleolithic culture include? a belief among some in a cylical view of time that emphasized repeated pattersn of regeneration and disintegration (birth & death)During the Paleolithic era, what did the people develop to help deal with human existence? rituals What distinguished the Austronesian migrations to the Pacific Islands from human migrations into the Americas? Austronesian migrants had a significant impact on the new environment and they used boats What is a significant difference between the San and Chumash people? Unlike the San, the Chumash tended to acquire significant quantities of goods. Also, the Chumash had no distinction in rank or class. How were the migrations to Australia and the Pacific Islands similar?"
},
{
"docid": "D2238572#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/89951936/wh-chapters-1-3-flash-cards/\nWH Chapters 1-3",
"text": "\"65 terms emilygusa WH Chapters 1-3Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort1. What did the religious or spiritual dimensions of Paleolithic culture include? ( Chap.1) A belief among some in a cyclical view of time which emphasized endlessly repeated patterns of regeneration and disintegration (birth & death)2. Describe what is happening on the map. ( Chap.1) -human migration -Australia was populated before America3. During the Paleolithic era, what did the people develop to help deal with human existence? ( Chap.1) rituals4. What distinguished the Austronesian migrations to the Pacific islands from human migrations into the Americas? ("
},
{
"docid": "D2247618#0",
"title": "http://survive2012.com/middle-east-pyramids/\nMiddle East & Africa Pyramids",
"text": "Middle East & Africa Pyramids Egypt Egypt is home to the most famous pyramids of all, three well-formed examples located at Giza on the outskirts of Cairo. Just as there are pyramids throughout the world, it should come as no surprise that Egypt has more than just these three. Egyptologists have actually catalogued over 90 major pyramids that were built over the course of 1,000 years (roughly 2600-1550 BC). All the pyramids can be found close to the west bank (none on the east bank) of the Nile, with the majority found along a 17-kilometre stretch incorporating Abu Ghurob, Saqqara and Dashur. Giza is 11 kilometres further north. Because of their size and relative proximity, when visiting a site it is quite normal to see other pyramids on the horizon. Although each Egyptian pyramid has individual features, they are far more alike than houses in our modern suburban streets. The shape we know. The heights range from 17 to 146 metres, with the faces at an angle to the base of 42-57 degrees, with a couple of 18 metre pyramids attaining more than 70 degrees. The largest pyramids were built in quick succession:“The truly gigantic stone pyramids were built over the course of only three generations: Sneferu, Khufu and Khafre."
},
{
"docid": "D590833#0",
"title": "http://www.realhistoryww.com/world_history/ancient/Sumer_Iraq_1a.htm\nSumer-2",
"text": "\"\"\"New\"\" DEEP Search All of Realhistory using Keyword or Phrase Sumer Babylonian Empire Assyrian Empire Achaemenid Persian Empire Alexanders Empire Seleucid Empire Parthian Empire Sassanian Persian Empire Ottoman Empire MAP MAP MAP MAP MAP MAP MAP MAP MAPAncient Man and His First Civilizations Sumer-2Modern Iraq Sumerian Cities The cities of Sumer, first built around 4,000 B. C, {maybe before}, provide the world's first examples of genuine urban centers of large size. In these early cities, especially in Eridu and Urak, people first manifested the high degree of cooperative effort necessary, to make urban life possible. Both of these cities were reflections of this cooperation in their dikes, walls, irrigation canals, and temples. Their efficient agricultural system made it possible to free large numbers of people from working the land. These people were now free to engage in specialized occupations. The early Sumerian cities were characterized by a high degree of social and economic diversity, which gave rise to artisans, merchants, priests, bureaucrats, and for the first time in history, professional soldiers. The almost constant occurrence of war among the city-states of Sumer, spurred the development of military technology and technique far beyond that found anywhere else at the time. One of the duties of a Mesopotamian king was to care for the gods and restore or rebuild their temples. In the late third millennium BC, rulers in southern Mesopotamia often depicted themselves carrying out this pious task in the form of foundation pegs. Foundation pegs were buried in the foundation of buildings to magically protect them and preserve the builder's name for posterity."
},
{
"docid": "D3486912#0",
"title": "http://www.funtrivia.com/askft/Question26576.html\nWhen and where was the first skyscraper built?",
"text": "When and where was the first skyscraper built? Question #26576. Asked by Pop. Last updated Sep 09 2016. Brainy Blonde Answer has 2 votes. Vote for this answer The Home Insurance Building in Chicago erected at the northeast corner of La Salle and Adams streets (on the site now occupied by the west portion of the Field building), is called the first skyscraper. Nine stories and one basement were completed in 1885. Two stories were added in 1891. The architect, Major William Le Baron Jenney, created the first load carrying structural frame, the development of which led to the 'Chicago skeleton' form of construction and the big skyscrapers of later years.http://chicagoskyscrapers.blogspot.com/2007/10/home-insurance-building.html This site lists The RM Hunt: N. Y. Tribune Building, 1873-75 as the first. http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/fa267/19_sky.html The Tower of Babel, if it even existed, is thought to have been only 295ft in height."
},
{
"docid": "D225262#0",
"title": "http://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-asia/enormous-underwater-structure-sea-galilee-mystery-archaeologists-008068\nEnormous Underwater Structure in the Sea of Galilee is a Mystery to Archaeologists",
"text": "\"13 May, 2017 - 22:56 Sam Bostrom Enormous Underwater Structure in the Sea of Galilee is a Mystery to Archaeologists (Read the article on one page)A gigantic monument at the bottom of the Sea of Galilee, as well as several mysterious structures, including a gigantic stone wheel and a moon-shaped monument, were recently found in northern Israel. The mysterious structures have left archaeologists around the world bewildered. Who built them and what were they used for? They may be some of Israel’s most mysterious structures. They are easy to miss from the roadside but can clearly be seen from the skies or beneath the sea. The prehistoric stone monuments of Gilgal Refaim, Jethro Cairn and the circular structure found in the sea of the Galilee went unnoticed for centuries in the disputed regions of the Golan and the Galilee but still archaeologists don't know who built them, or why. Theories have gone wild and include ancient calendars, ceremonial structures, or 'sky burial' sites in which dead bodies were placed on top of stone mounds to be picked apart by vultures. Even more eluding is that that are no archeological evidence of a city near them, and some have therefore posited that the structures is in fact a huge monument carrying symbolic significance. The possible age of the structures is even more enigmatic and many put the estimate anywhere between 3,000 and 12,000 years old, making them older than the pyramid of Giza and Stonehenge in Great Britain. The only thing we can say with certainty is that they are there and they are huge."
},
{
"docid": "D74098#0",
"title": "http://www.bible-history.com/babylonia/BabyloniaThe_Ziggurat.htm\nAncient Babylonia - The Ziggurats",
"text": "\"Ancient Babylonia - The Ziggurats One of the most important aspects of Babylonian religion and tradition, and probably the best known, is the ziggurat. Ziggurats were huge \"\"stepped\"\" structures with, on their summit, far above the ground, a temple. This Temple would have been to the city god. The city ziggurat would easily be the most conspicuous building in the city, towering above any visitors coming to their city. Therefore the ziggurat was not just a religious center but also a center of civic pride. Any visitor could not but see the ziggurat. The ziggurats were built on an immense scale: in the time of Hammurapi they would sometimes reach the height of 150 feet. Around the base there might be more temples or in some case accommodation for priests. Some of the earliest proper ziggurats were built by Ur-Nammu (2112-2095), a late Sumerian king of Ur. These were with three \"\"steps\"\" but later Ziggurats had as many as seven \"\"steps\"\"."
},
{
"docid": "D1253366#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/What-does-the-story-of-the-Tower-of-Babel-mean-to-you\nWhat does the story of the Tower of Babel mean to you?",
"text": "\"Tower of Babel The Bible Stories Religion What does the story of the Tower of Babel mean to you?11 Answers Dion Do, MDIV degree Answered Oct 7, 2015 · Author has 158 answers and 104.4k answer views The story records a point at which mankind has banded together in one government, and social order. All of humanity is united in achieving one goal, to build a tower whereby they might invade heaven and dethrone God. The possibility of this working or not really has nothing whatsoever to do with the story. This is a moral tale that teaches about the power of crowd mentality and it's dangers. The crowd mentality fosters the belief and ideal among the participants that their ideas and combined strength are greater than possible. And it sets the crowd off to attempt things that are beyond belief and ability. The danger lies in allowing the crowd to remain together and united for too long. The crowd ultimately sets onto a task which if successful will result in the total destruction of the crowd. Self emulation, suicide, if you will. It's an interesting quirk in human psychology that is indeed universal."
},
{
"docid": "D3345650#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/53896388/mesopotamia-and-the-fertile-crescent-flash-cards/\nMesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent",
"text": "\"82 terms natsiegel Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Where was Mesopatamia, and what does the name mean? Mesopotamia means \"\"between rivers\"\" in Greek. It lies between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and between Asia Minor and the Persian Gulf. It is a part of a larger area called the Fertile Crescent. The world's first civilizations were in the valleys of which rivers? The Tigris and Euphrates What supported the growth of civilization? The rivers of Southwest Asia, most specifically the Tigris and the Euphrates What is the Fertile Crescent? A large arc of rich, or fertile farmland that extends from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea. What made civilization possible in Mesopotamia? Plentiful food Food production in Mesopotamia led to what?"
},
{
"docid": "D1913720#0",
"title": "http://ccworldhistory.weebly.com/unit-1-neolithic-revolution--river-valley-civilizations.html\nTEKS for Unit 1",
"text": "\"1 / 13A small independent state consisting of an urban center and the surrounding agricultural territory. Click to flip City-State Click to flip City-State View this study set Study these flash cards | Study world flash cards Essential Questions What challenges did humans face during early times and how did they solve them during the Neolithic Revolution? Why are the 5 characteristics essential to a successful civilization? What are the political, social, and economic changes that occurred in the world because of the early river valley civilizations? How did the achievements of these early civilizations influence subsequent cultures? Prehistory Click to listen to Mc Dougal Littell's \"\"Voices from the Past\"\" MP3 about Otzi the Iceman, a prehistoric man from about 3300 BC discovered in the European Alps in AD 1991. Follow Ms. Perez The Iceman1.2KCookie policy Neolithic Revolution The Neolithic Revolution changed the way humans lived. The use of agriculture allowed humans to develop permanent settlements, social classes, and new technologies. Some of these early groups settled in the fertile valleys of the Nile , Tigris-Euphrates , Yellow, and Indus Rivers . This resulted in the rise of the great civilizations in China, India, Egypt, and Mesopotamia ."
},
{
"docid": "D661949#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/art-literature/math-relate-architecture-c6239fa21f233604\nHow Does Math Relate to Architecture?",
"text": "Art & Literature Architecture Q: How Does Math Relate to Architecture? A: Quick Answer Mathematics is the foundation of architecture. The relationship between math and architecture dates back to the earliest examples of man's building of functional structures. In ancient Byzantine, Egyptian, Greek, Islamic and Roman societies, mathematicians were architects, and architects were mathematicians. Mathematicians were called upon when great structures like pyramids, stadia, temples, ziggurats and irrigation projects were to be designed and built. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Are Some Common Layouts of a Church Building? Why Is Architecture Important to Society? What Is a 3-Tier Architecture? Credit: Xi Xin Xing Xi Xin Xing Getty Images Full Answer Without mathematics in any historical epoch, structures would lack integrity. For a building to have strength and stability, it must have precise angles, wall lengths and roof measurements."
},
{
"docid": "D1586118#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/45167564/glencoe-geography-ch-18-flash-cards/\nGlencoe Geography Ch. 18",
"text": "\"120 terms C_Neumeyer Glencoe Geography Ch. 18Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortethnic diversity differences among groups based on their languages, customs, and beliefsinfrastructure the basic urban necessities like streets, water, electricity and sewerscultural diversity differences among groups based on their languages, customs, and beliefs Arabs about 200 million people in N. Africa , SW Asia and Central Asia Arabs most follow Islam Arabic Arab language What has greatly influenced the region? Islamic culture and Arabic Israelis about 6 million people in N. Africa , SW Asia and Central Asia Israelis majority are Jews Israel was founded as a __________________ state. jewish The Arabs ________________ a Jewish state. opposed Turks settled in present-day Turkey Turks built the powerful Ottoman Empire. Turks most practice Islam and speak Turkish Turkish Culture blends Turkish, Islamic and Western elements Iranians about 66.6 million people live in Iran Iranians speak Farsi Iranians most are Shiite Muslims Where is Afghanistan located? on Iran's eastern border What language do the people of Afghanistan speak? many languages What religion are most Afghans?"
},
{
"docid": "D565765#0",
"title": "http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?ParagraphID=arc\n.",
"text": "Mesopotamia and Egypt: 4th millennium BCThe two areas which first develop civilization - Mesopotamia and Egypt - share a natural product which is ideal for relatively small buildings in a warm climate. Bundles of reeds can be bound together to form pillars and beams. Their tops can even be bent inwards and tied to shape an arch or a dome. And the spaces in the frame can be filled with smaller branches and mud to complete a weather-proof shelter. Even the more important buildings in both regions are probably constructed in this style for much of the fourth millennium BC. But the larger tombs and temples of the third millennium require brick and later (in Egypt) stone. Sun-dried mud brick, as used in Jericho as early as 8000 BC, is the building block of man's first monumental buildings - the ziggurats (or temples) of Mesopotamia and the mastabas (or early tombs) of Egypt. In southern Mesopotamia, near the mouths of the Tigris and Euphrates, there is no local stone. Even the great ziggurat at Ur, built in about 2000 BC, is made entirely of brick. In Egypt, by contrast, stone is plentiful."
},
{
"docid": "D1408656#0",
"title": "http://www.ducksters.com/history/mesopotamia/ancient_mesopotamia.php\nAncient Mesopotamia",
"text": "\"Advertisement Ancient Mesopotamia Overview Timeline of Mesopotamia Great Cities of Mesopotamia The Ziggurat Science, Inventions, and Technology Assyrian Army Persian Wars Glossary and Terms Civilizations Sumerians Akkadian Empire Babylonian Empire Assyrian Empire Persian Empire Culture Daily Life of Mesopotamia Art and Artisans Religion and Gods Code of Hammurabi Sumerian Writing and Cuneiform Epic of Gilgamesh People Famous Kings of Mesopotamia Cyrus the Great Darius IHammurabi Nebuchadnezzar IIAncient Mesopotamia refers to the place where humans first formed civilizations. It was here that people first gathered in large cities, learned to write, and created governments. For this reason Mesopotamia is often called the \"\"Cradle of Civilization\"\". Map of Mesopotamia by Atanas Kostovski Geography The word Mesopotamia means \"\"the land between rivers\"\". When people say Mesopotamia they are referring to a section of land in the Middle East between and around the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Today this land is located mostly in the country of Iraq. There are also portions in southwestern Iran, southeastern Turkey, and northeastern Syria. The heart of Mesopotamia lies between the two rivers in southern Iraq. The land there is fertile and there is plenty of water around the major two rivers to allow for irrigation and farming. Advertisement Civilizations and Empires Early settlers in Mesopotamia started to gather in small villages and towns."
},
{
"docid": "D2530601#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/place/Babylon-ancient-city-Mesopotamia-Asia\nBabylon",
"text": "Babylon, Babylonian Bab-ilu, Old Babylonian Bāb-ilim, Hebrew Bavel or Babel, Arabic Aṭlāl Bābil, one of the most famous cities of antiquity. It was the capital of southern Mesopotamia ( Babylonia) from the early 2nd millennium to the early 1st millennium bce and capital of the Neo-Babylonian (Chaldean) empire in the 7th and 6th centuries bce, when it was at the height of its splendour. Its extensive ruins, on the Euphrates River about 55 miles (88 km) south of Baghdad, lie near the modern town of Al-Ḥillah, Iraq. Babylon Overview of Babylon. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises Gmb H, Mainz History Though traces of prehistoric settlement exist, Babylon’s development as a major city was late by Mesopotamian standards; no mention of it existed before the 23rd century bce. After the fall of the 3rd dynasty of Ur, under which Babylon had been a provincial centre, it became the nucleus of a small kingdom established in 1894 bce by the Amorite king Sumuabum, whose successors consolidated its status. The sixth and best-known of the Amorite dynasts, Hammurabi (1792–50 bce ), conquered the surrounding city-states and raised Babylon to the capital of a kingdom comprising all of southern Mesopotamia and part of Assyria (northern Iraq). Its political importance, together with its favourable location, made it henceforth the main commercial and administrative centre of Babylonia, while its wealth and prestige made it a target for foreign conquerors. Stone carving showing Hammurabi, the king of Babylon, standing before a god. © Art Media/Heritage-Images/age fotostock After a Hittite raid in 1595 bce, the city passed to the control of the Kassites ( c. 1570), who established a dynasty lasting more than four centuries."
}
] |
8529 | will chickens eat grubs | [
{
"docid": "D2549281#0",
"title": "http://chickensoncamera.com/2012/04/how-to-get-rid-of-grubs/\nHow To Get Rid Of Grubs",
"text": "How To Get Rid Of Grubs April 20, 2012 admin How To Control Lawn Insects 0What Are Grubs? Grubs are the larva form of other insect pest. Grubs themselves can cause lawn damage and controlling them as larva may help control the adult forms of the insect. What Problems Do Grubs Cause? They eat the roots and stems of small and young plants which can cause disease and kill the plants. An often over looked problem that grubs cause is they attract other pests. Many animals eat grubs and that can damage your lawn as well. One of the biggest problems is that Moles like to eat grubs and they can cause more damage than the grubs call. How Do You Get Rid Of Or Control Grubs? Here are some products that can help control grubs."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D26591#0",
"title": "http://espacepourlavie.ca/en/scat-how-keep-animals-out-your-flower-and-vegetable-gardens\nScat! How to keep animals out of your flower and vegetable gardens",
"text": "Scat! How to keep animals out of your flower and vegetable gardens Here are a few tips for keeping critters away from your favourite plants. Of course, you might decide to just put up with them if they aren't doing too much damage – they are part of nature, after all!Squirrels Choose bulbs that aren't these little rodents' favourites. Good choices are allium, daffodils, grape hyacinth and scilla. Place chicken wire over your beds and bulbs after planting them. Spread some dog or cat hair around as a repellent. Replace it with fresh hair regularly. Sprinkle chicken manure fertilizer on the soil. Squirrels don't like the smell. Remember to follow the directions on the label."
},
{
"docid": "D2983737#0",
"title": "http://wormman.com/mealworm_breeding.cfm\n.",
"text": "Mealworm breeding Breeding Mealworms and Raising mealworms for Reptiles and Blue Birds. Mealworms are a widely used food for reptiles (herp food), bait, fishing and for feeding Sugar gliders, and more. Meal worms are also used for fishing. Pan fish love them. We have giant mealworms that are the same species of the regular, but double the size. They make a great bait! If you just want to learn how to raise meal worms just read on!What you will need to breed mealworms:1. Container. A Rubbermaid or plastic shoe or sweater box will work well.2. Bedding."
},
{
"docid": "D225946#0",
"title": "http://empoweredsustenance.com/raw-eggs-safe/\nHow to Eat Raw Eggs Safely",
"text": "February 17, 2014 169 Comments Affiliate Disclosure How to Eat Raw Eggs Safely Pin 539 Share 2K Email3K“Lick the spoon now, before I add the raw eggs. ”Growing up, when my mom made her weekly loaf of fresh banana bread, she would always add the raw eggs as the last ingredient. My sister and I were allowed to swipe our finger in the batter and take a taste before the eggs were added. I grew up with a terror of consuming raw eggs in any form. In my mind, raw eggs contained salmonella… period. Even a bowl of brownie batter couldn’t tempt me to take one taste of the silky, rich batter. Two years ago, when I began my journey into healing my body with food, my research led me to ask myself with an open mind, “are raw eggs safe?” I learned that raw eggs, and raw yolks in particular, are not only safe but uniquely healthful. Now, I consume three raw egg yolks each day with full confidence of the safety and the knowledge that I am providing my body with nature’s multi-vitamin. What raw eggs are safe?"
},
{
"docid": "D3378616#0",
"title": "https://ca.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090824154327AAPN4hN\nHow long after a Mealworm hatches will it be big full grown?",
"text": "Pets Reptiles How long after a Mealworm hatches will it be big full grown? I know they change from mealworm to beetle. I'm talking about when they are in the mealworm stage, how long does it usually take for them to get big? They're two weeks old right now and about 1/6 of an inch. Follow 5 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Mealworms are the larval form of the darkling beetle. They make excellent feeders for reptiles, birds and small mammals. Sugar gliders love them. They are easy to raise. We have been doing it for fifteen years. Meal worms are easily grown if you give them the ability to grow."
},
{
"docid": "D1799453#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080310060259AAt3Um1\nHow do you get rid of a skunk that hangs around your house?",
"text": "\"Home & Garden Other - Home & Garden How do you get rid of a skunk that hangs around your house?1 following 9 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: don't shoot! :) there is actually a website called howtogetridofskunks.com, lol! here are some tips from there: Who needs coffee when you have a family of wet skunks under your porch? Skunks can spray their musk up to 15 ft. For instructions on getting rid of the smell, read How to get rid of skunk smell. Warning: Skunks can carry rabies. Never approach a live skunk and if someone gets bitten try to capture the skunk so it can be tested for rabies. Keep the head intact as the brain is needed for the test. 1. Keeping skunks away… far away Skunks are scavengers and will eat anything from bugs to garbage."
},
{
"docid": "D3420088#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/Does-GrubHub-handle-actual-delivery-of-food\nDoes GrubHub handle actual delivery of food?",
"text": "Grub Hub (product) Delivery Delivery Services Food Delivery Food Does Grub Hub handle actual delivery of food?ad by Nikah Plan your wedding. Get married in style, plan your wedding. Learn More at planyourwedding.tk13 Answers J Brown, former Senior Manager at KPMG (1993-2005)Answered Feb 17, 2018NO they don’t. They are a demand aggregator. Once you press the “submit order” button, they are keeping your money no matter what happens and you own full responsibility for making sure you get your food. ( there should be a warning to that effect in their app. ) Time passes and you don’t get your food? You can’t call the restaurant or the driver, your deal was with Grub Hub. You can call Grub Hub, but you’ll quickly discover that far from owning satisfactory delivery of the order you already paid for, they quickly pass the buck. They will helpfully inform you that it’s not really their problem, the driver works for a different party and the restaurant just puts the food in the bag."
},
{
"docid": "D2175605#0",
"title": "http://www.hgtv.com/outdoors/gardens/animals-and-wildlife/duck-eggs-411\nDuck Eggs 411",
"text": "\"Duck Eggs 411Find out about the benefits of duck eggs and what makes them different from chicken eggs. Pinterest Facebook Twitter Email By: Lisa Steele Related To: Homesteading Photo by Lisa Steele Backyard ducks, besides being incredibly cute and a natural form of slug and grub control for your yard, also lay some pretty tasty eggs. Depending on the breed and age of the duck, you can expect approximately 150-220 eggs per year as a general rule. Khaki Campbells, Welsh Harlequins, and Pekins are among some of the most consistent as far as egg production goes, but all of our ducks regardless of breed lay quite well through the winter, even without any added light to lengthen the days. Delicious eggs are certainly one of the many benefits of keeping backyard ducks. Duck eggs are roughly 30% larger than a medium chicken egg, weighing in at 3 to 3-½ ounces, so two duck eggs equals three chicken eggs if you are substituting them in a recipe, however I use them in a one-to-one ratio, even in baking, and am always happy with the results. Although duck eggs can be prepared just like chicken eggs—scrambled, fried, poached, hard-boiled or sunny side up—overcooking can make them rubbery, so care should be taken to only just cook them through. Duck eggs contain less water and more fat than a chicken egg and have firmer whites, making them superior for baking and sought after by pastry chefs. Cakes and breads will rise better; cookies will be more moist and chewy. Omelets and quiches will be fluffier and custards creamier."
},
{
"docid": "D1809970#0",
"title": "http://tenrandomfacts.com/witchetty-grub/\nWitchetty Grub",
"text": "Witchetty Grub By Cris | January 5, 2013 | Animals Hooked Stick Grub Witchetty grubs are also known as witchety grubs or witjuti grubs. The term witchetty grub is used for large white larvae of moths that chew through wood and eat roots or sap of certain trees and plants. The most common type of witchetty grub is the larvae of the Cossid Moth. Witchetty grubs are part of the traditional diet of indigenous Australians. Witchetty grubs are eaten either raw or cooked and are very high in protein and have a nutty flavour. They have been said to taste like scrambled eggs, and when cooked they taste like chicken. Witchetty Grub Image courtesy of Nathan Johnson/Flickr The word ‘ witchetty grub’ comes from the indigenous Australian language, Adnyamathanha, from the words ‘ wityu ‘ meaning hooked stick and ‘ vartus ‘ meaning grub. The witchetty bush (acacia kempeanas) is the main food of certain witchetty grubs. The witchetty grub can grow up to 12 cm (4.7 inches) in size. Witchetty grubs live in burrows that they create, up to 60 cm (23 inches) underground."
},
{
"docid": "D823739#0",
"title": "http://www.amny.com/eat-and-drink/yankee-stadium-food-eats-by-seat-1.7625174\nYankee Stadium food: Taquitos, King's Hawaiian and more to make Bronx debut",
"text": "\"Come see the Bronx Bombers this season and make sure to bring your Bambino-sized appetite. Yankee Stadium is packed with out-of-the-cracker-jack-box food options, from logo waffles and egg creams to bacon-stuffed grilled cheese sandwiches. Plus, there are plenty of new vendors making their debut this season. New for 2018: steak and rotisserie chicken specialties, Hawaiian-inspired ballpark grub, decadent milkshakes at Grand Slam Shakes and more. The Bombers’ crosstown rivals, The Mets, have already turned Citi Field into a foodie paradise of sorts, offering dishes from the hottest chefs and buzz-worthy desserts. Here are some of the stadium’s highlights, starting with the newest options: Taquitos Photo Credit: Yankee Stadium Want easy-to-munch Mexican fare? The newest Taquitos stand offers several \"\"cups,\"\" including a \"\"Black Bean Taquito Cup\"\" pictured above, that stuffs spiced black beans into a hand-rolled taquito, served with chili con queso and pico de gallo. For the meat lovers, the stand also offers up a similar item with braised chicken. Where: Section 127Noodle Bowl Stand Photo Credit: Yankee Stadium Mixing traditional American fare with Asian-inspired flavors, the newest addition to Yankee Stadium dining boasts bacon cheeseburger crispy dumplings, with a side of pickles and Thousand Island dressing; and the \"\"General Tso's Crispy Chicken Sandwich,\"\" including a fried chicken patty infused with a sweet, tangy glaze reminiscent of the Chinese staple, topped with Sriracha slaw on a sesame seed bun. Where: Section 127Rotisserie Chicken and Steak Stand Photo Credit: Yankee Stadium A new stand serving flat iron steak and rotisserie-style half chicken over a bed of shoestring fries promises gourmet game-time grub for those so inclined."
},
{
"docid": "D2473754#0",
"title": "http://www.greenviewfertilizer.com/articles/voles-moles\nVoles and Moles in the Lawn",
"text": "Voles and Moles in the Lawn How to get rid of these destructive furry varmints Other than having similar sounding names and both causing havoc to yards, voles and moles have little in common. These are two entirely different pests, yet they’re often confused. Moles seem to be much better known, but it’s really voles causing much of the damage chalked up to moles. It’s important to know which pest you’ve got because effective mole control and vole control depends on targeting the right action to the right animal. Identifying the culprit The biggest difference between moles and voles is the type of damage they cause. Moles are insectivores, and their primary diet is earthworms with a few grubs and insects tossed in as appetizers. They don’t eat plants, and so their landscape carnage is really the incidental damage of tunnels and runways dug in lawns while on the never-ending search for more worms. Voles, on the other hand, are plant-eaters. They feed on grass and perennial-flower roots, they’ll eat seeds and bulbs, and especially in winter when other foods are scarce, they’ll even girdle the bark off trees and shrubs. Meadow voles also make networks of surface tunnels across the lawn under the snow cover of winter when they venture out into open spaces that they’d avoid in the growing season."
},
{
"docid": "D1213908#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witchetty_grub\nWitchetty grub",
"text": "\"A couple of witchetty grubs The witchetty grub (also spelled witchety grub or witjuti grub [1]) is a term used in Australia for the large, white, wood-eating larvae of several moths. Particularly it applies to the larvae of the cossid moth Endoxyla leucomochla, which feeds on the roots of the witchetty bush (named after the grubs) that is found in central Australia. [ 2] The term may also apply to larvae of other cossid moths, ghost moths ( Hepialidae ), and longhorn beetles ( Cerambycidae ). The term is used mainly when the larvae are being considered as food. The grub is the most important insect food of the desert and has historically been a staple in the diets of Aboriginal Australians. [ 3]The different larvae are said to taste similar, probably because they have similar wood-eating habits. Edible either raw or lightly cooked in hot ashes, they are sought out as a high-protein food by Indigenous Australians. The raw witchetty grub tastes similar to almonds, and when cooked, the skin becomes crisp like roast chicken, while the inside becomes light yellow, like a fried egg. [ 3]The word witchetty comes from Adynyamathanha wityu, \"\"hooked stick\"\" and vartu, \"\"grub\"\". Traditionally, it is rare for people to dig for them. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1793624#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_does_centipede_eat\nWhat does centipede eat?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Animal Life Arthropods Centipedes What does centipede eat? Flag What does centipede eat? Answer by Nachtem Confidence votes 151It is not known what Centipedes eat specifically. They have been observered eating, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and small mammals. The Amazonian Centipede has been known to eat bats. Despite this, most Centipedes are believed to subsist on earthworms.4 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Craven 8,452 Contributions What do centipedes eat? Centipedes are active hunters, and they look around for smaller insects or spiders to eat. Rarely, a centipede will attack a larger prey. Where there is no prey, they will con …What eats a centipede?my mum What do centipede eat?woodlouse they eat woodlouse Dr.evil59 7 Contributions What eats centipedes?"
},
{
"docid": "D2613583#0",
"title": "http://www.blogto.com/eat_drink/2014/08/the_top_20_restaurants_near_the_rogers_centre/\n.",
"text": "Eat & Drink Jaclyn Skrobacky Posted on April 11, 2017The top 37 restaurants near the Rogers Centre Restaurants near the Rogers Centre will keep all your bases covered as you head to your next Jays game. If the idea of eating overpriced ballpark grub holds no appeal there are a number of options in the area for both pre and post-game food and drinks. And don't forget! You can bring your own food into the Rogers Centre as long as it's wrapped, bagged or inside a container. Here are my picks for the top restaurants near the Rogers Centre. Quick bites Belly Buster Submarines N ot game for a ballpark dog? You'll find this sub shop on King West serving up another kind of foot-long for under $10. Order hot or cold subs to stay or go. O & B Canteen W ith tons of experience serving pre-theatre crowds, and a quick-service grab and go counter for the really impatient, this Oliver & Bonacini establishment inside the TIFF Bell Lightbox on King West often has a game day special. IQ Food Co. On the hunt fot healthy, vegan or gluten-free?"
},
{
"docid": "D2079976#0",
"title": "http://www.fresheggsdaily.com/2014/06/build-better-dust-bath-for-your-chickens.html\nBuild a BETTER Dust Bath for your Chickens",
"text": "\"Chickens health Build a BETTER Dust Bath for your Chickens June 25, 2014Dust baths are a chicken's way of keeping clean. The fine sand or dirt in their bathing area keeps their feathers in pristine condition and helps them stay free of mites, lice and other parasites. Your chickens will enjoy bathing and sunning themselves - and often bathe in groups. It seems dust bathing is a communal activity! Here are a few tips to building a BETTER dust bath area for your flock. Often chickens will choose their own spot to bathe - whether it be next to your prized rose bushes or in the middle of your dirt driveway - creating deep 'bowls' as the wriggle and squirm to get the dirt deep under their feathers. You can 'encourage' them to use the spot YOU choose by picking a dry spot that gets plenty of sun and is out of the wind. Once you've found your spot, it's time to get busy. Stumps/Logs I loved the idea of ringing the spot I chose in stumps (inspiration found HERE , HERE, HERE, HERE and HERE ), so after we lost a tree in a storm, my husband cut the trunk into logs and I was ready to set up the dust bath area! The stumps help keep the dirt contained and every so often when I overturn the stumps, you should SEE the bugs and grubs for the girls to munch on!"
},
{
"docid": "D2549284#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Do_chickens_eat_grubs\nDo skunks eat grubs?",
"text": "\"Do skunks eat grubs? I think so. I have tons of moles (which also eat grubs) and I saw a skunk about 1:30 am snouting about in my back yard. Alabama What do grubs eat? grubs eat lettuce, garbanzo beans and dead leafs also to give it water one a month for 5 months so it will turn into a bug you want it to be................. grubs …What do witchetty grubs eat?what the heck do witchetty grubs eat What eats grubs? Moles warthogs Do squirrels eat grubs?yes What do grub worms eat? they eat your food scraps or your yard Robbb 62,719 Contributions Did aboriginies eat wichety grubs? They did and they still do. Do moles eat grubs? Yes."
},
{
"docid": "D2642699#0",
"title": "http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/eats/subway-introduces-fritos-filled-crunchy-chicken-enchilada-melt-article-1.1391124\nSubway introduces Fritos-filled Crunchy Chicken Enchilada Melt",
"text": "Subway introduces Fritos-filled Crunchy Chicken Enchilada Melt BY Jeanette Settembre NEW YORK DAILY NEWS Friday, July 5, 2013, 1:41 PMfacebook Tweet email Subway’s Crunchy Chicken Enchilada Melt sandwich features shredded chicken in enchilada sauce, Monterey cheddar and Fritos chips. ( Subway)The five-dollar footlong has some crunchy competition. Waistline-conscious consumers may raise an eyebrow at Subway’s latest menu innovation — a Fritos filled Crunchy Chicken Enchilada Melt that even veggies can’t conceal. The junk-food-filled sandwich features shredded chicken doused in enchilada sauce, Monterey cheddar and Fritos chips. According to a Grub Grade report, the Crunchy Chicken Enchilada Melt has been spotted in central Florida and is now available at Subway restaurants in downtown Seattle ($7.50).“It was a bit of a mess, but quite delicious,” a commenter on Grub Grade’s site wrote. “It’s like a giant taco, a bit better quality than you would get from Taco Bell, but $8.”“It’s like a giant taco, a bit better quality than you would get from Taco Bell,” a commenter on Grub Grade’s site wrote of the new sandwich which, has been spotted in Florida and Seattle for around $7.50. ( Dima Gavrysh/AP)Following the success of other junk-food innovations like Taco Bell’s Beefy Crunch Burrito, which uses Fritos Flamin’ Hot corn chips, the diet-conscious chain appears to be encouraging a cheat day. With the curious jump on board the chip-filled fast-food trend, consumers might be inclined to ask, “What would Jared do?”Sign up for BREAKING NEWS Emailsprivacy policy Send a Letter to the Editor Join the Conversation: facebook Tweet"
},
{
"docid": "D134415#0",
"title": "http://icwdm.org/handbook/carnivor/Skunks.asp\nSKUNKS",
"text": "Home | Ask the Expert | Contact | Site Map | Store| About | FAQ | Disclaimer |SKUNKSJames E. Knight Extension Wildlife Specialist Animal and Range Sciences Montana State University Bozeman, MT 59717 For more skunk control information Fig. 1. Left, the striped skunk, Mephitis mephitis; right, the spotted skunk, Spilogale putorius Identification The skunk, a member of the weasel family, is represented by four species in North America. The skunk has short, stocky legs and proportionately large feet equipped with well-developed claws that enable it to be very adept at digging. The striped skunk (Fig. 1) is characterized by prominent, lateral white stripes that run down its back. Its fur is otherwise jet black. Striped skunks are the most abundant of the four species. The body of the striped skunk is about the size of an ordinary house cat (up to 29 inches [74 cm] long and weighing about 8 pounds [3.6 kg] ). The spotted skunk (Fig."
},
{
"docid": "D2082697#0",
"title": "http://scoopfromthecoop.nutrenaworld.com/tag/why-does-a-chicken-have-a-gizzard/\nUnderstanding Poultry Digestion",
"text": "Understanding Poultry Digestion Posted on January 7, 2013 by Allison W. Instead of asking “Why did the chicken cross the road?” poultry hobbyists may better ask, “How does the chicken chew its feed without any teeth?” Even without teeth, chickens have one of the most efficient digestive systems in the animal kingdom. Let’s take a look at how the poultry digestive system works. Food is taken in with the beak, which is the perfect tool for pecking feed in crumble or pellet form, small grains, grass or insects. Chickens are omnivores – meaning that, in addition to a commercial feed, they can eat meat (grubs, worms, the occasional mouse) and vegetation (grass, weeds and other plants). A small bit of saliva and digestive enzymes are added as the food moves from the mouth into the esophagus. From the esophagus food moves to the crop, an expandable storage compartment located at the base of the chicken’s neck, where it can remain for up to 12 hours. The food trickles from the crop into the bird’s stomach (proventriculus or gizzard) where digestive enzymes are added to the mix and physical grinding of the food occurs. The gizzard is why chickens do not need teeth."
},
{
"docid": "D19763#0",
"title": "https://hencam.com/faq/what-to-feed-your-chickens/\nWhat To Feed Your Chickens",
"text": "What To Feed Your Chickens What chickens eat and what chickens should eat are not always the same thing. Chickens are omnivores. That means they’ll snarf down just about anything, or at least try to! I’ve seen a hen catch and slurp down a snake like spaghetti. I’ve seen a chicken snatch a toad by it’s leg and all of the other hens go in a raucous chase after it, only, at the end to discover that a toad is not good eating. Chickens also eat less exciting foods, like vegetables, fruits, flowers and grass. They eat grains and seeds. They scratch the ground and find bugs and specks of things that we can’t see. So, the question isn’t really what chickens eat, but what the right diet is for them. In the 19th century most chickens were barnyard scavengers."
},
{
"docid": "D2040415#0",
"title": "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/time-apply-grubex-100369.html\nThe Best Time to Apply GrubEx",
"text": "Related Articles How Often Should You Put Grub Killer on Your Lawn? When Should Grub Control Be Put Down? How to Know If You Have Grubs Eating Your Grass Bayer Grub Control vs. Grub Killer Plus Some turfgrass pests can wreak havoc in your lawn without ever being detected. Munching on grass roots, grubs live underground as the larval stages of insects such as beetles and moths. The active ingredient in Grub Ex pesticide, chlorantraniliprole, mitigates grub damage by killing the emerging larvae and breaking the life cycle of these insects. The key to Grub Ex’s effectiveness is applying it when adult insects lay their eggs. Telltale Signs Primary grub damage results from grubs feeding on grass roots. Affected lawns have brown or yellowing areas with sparse patches and spongy areas that develop as the grass dies. Secondary grub damage occurs when animals, such as moles, raccoons and birds, dig holes in your yard as they seek grubs to eat. Damage is typically most extensive on south-facing sloped lawns and in areas that receive full sun."
}
] |
8568 | xavi hernandez wife | [
{
"docid": "D2842117#0",
"title": "http://playersgf.blogspot.com/2014/04/player-wife-spanish-footballer-xavi.html\nPlayer wife: Spanish footballer Xavi Hernandez and his wife Nuria Cunillera",
"text": "Player wife: Spanish footballer Xavi Hernandez and his wife Nuria Cunillera Monday, April 21, 2014 Soccer , Spain , wife Xavi Hernandez a spanish footballer was born in 25th January 1980 in Terrassa. He is now playing for FC Barcelona. He plays for central midfielder. He played more than 150 matches for Bercelona. He started his football career at Under17 Spanish team in the year of 1997. Under his presence Spain has won FIFA 2010 World Cup and 2 EURO Cup of 2008 and 2012. Xavi's girlfriend is Nuria Cunillera is a fashion journalist . On 13 July 2013, Xavi tied with his girlfriend Nuria Cunillera. About 180 of the couple's close family and friends were in attendance for the ceremony. Nuria and has been Xavi's partner since before the European Championship in 2012."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1226980#0",
"title": "https://www.footy-boots.com/worlds-top-ten-highest-paid-footballers/\nTop 10 Highest Paid Footballers",
"text": "5th August 2015Top 10 Highest Paid Footballers Global football stars earn some of the highest wages in the world. We’ve listed the top 10 footballers based on how much they are paid. Commercial and broadcast revenues are at an all time high right now and they are more important than ever to clubs, to enable them to compete financially to put the best talent on the pitch. Endorsement deals; money paid to stars for endorsing a product like a football boot or mobile telephone, continue to increase with brands desperate to associate with the footballer. So which players take home the most? Read on to see who made the cut…10. Luis Suarez – £13m Despite being banned for nibbling on Chiellini, his third biting incident, Luis Suarez is still able to command a hefty income from his boot supplier adidas. Add to that a top contract with Barcelona and it’s no surprise that the Uruguayan is in the Top 10.9. Sergio Aguero – £16m Sergio Aguero, nicknamed Kun Aguero is one of the most talented ‘out and out’ goalscorers in the world. Since 2011 he has been plying his trade at Manchester City with a very healthy salary."
},
{
"docid": "D1401926#0",
"title": "https://www.thoughtco.com/lionel-messi-vs-real-madrid-3557624\nLionel Messi vs Real Madrid",
"text": "Arts, Music, and Recreation ›Sports Lionel Messi vs Real Madrid Share Flipboard Email Printby Stewart Coggin Updated January 10, 2018Lionel Messi has made a habit out of scoring in the clásico between Barcelona and Real Madrid. To date, the Argentinean has netted 17 goals and it is surely only a matter of time before he surpasses Alfredo Di Stefano’s record of 18 in the fixture. Here is a look at Messi’s goals against Real.01of 11March 10 2007 (Primera Liga: Barcelona 3-3 Real Madrid) Three goals Alex Livesey / Getty Images Messi opened his El Clásico account in spectacular fashion with a hat-trick against Real at Camp Nou. He latched onto a Samuel Eto’o pass to cancel out Ruud van Nistelrooy’s opener and then lashed home another from close range after Ronaldinho had seen his shot pushed out by Iker Casillas. Messi’s third equalizer came in the 88th minute when he showed great composure to control a Ronaldinho pass, outpace the Madrid defense and fire across Casillas into the corner. More »02of 11December 13 2008 (Primera Liga: Barcelona 2-0 Real Madrid) One goal Getty Images The Argentine put the icing on the cake at Camp Nou with his team’s second goal in injury time. As Real pressed desperately for an equalizer, Barca broke clear and Thierry Henry slid the ball across to Messi who dinked his shot over Casillas and into the net. Pepe stretched to keep out the shot but crashed into the post. Samuel Eto’o had given Barca the lead a few minutes earlier.03of 11May 2 2009 (Primera Liga: Real Madrid 2-6 Barcelona) Two goals Getty Images This was a precession for the Catalans and one of Madrid’s worst humiliations. Messi capitalized on a defensive howler to put Barca 3-1 up and played a neat one-two with Xavi to make it 5-2 in the second-half."
},
{
"docid": "D2406255#0",
"title": "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2919340/Trying-Good-Wife-Michelle-Obama-dons-Michael-Kors-skirt-suit-State-Union-address-exactly-one-worn-wife-controversial-politician-hit-TV-show.html\nPlaying The Good Wife? Michelle Obama's State of Union outfit is exactly the same as wife of scandal-hit politician in hit TV show",
"text": "Playing The Good Wife? Michelle Obama's State of Union outfit is exactly the same as wife of scandal-hit politician in hit TV show Dressed in a conservative Michael Kors tweed skirt suit, Michelle Obama was dubbed 'flawless' on Tuesday night But what many viewers did not realize is 51-year-old First Lady's designer attire had been worn on-screen before First seen on Julianna Margulies in the role of Alicia Florrick, the wife of a disgraced politician on The Good Wife During Tuesday night's address, Mrs Obama was surrounded by nearly two dozen individuals who have benefited from President Barack Obama's initiatives as she watched her husband speak before Congress on Capitol Hill Among guests were Alan Gross, a US aid worker recently released from a Cuban prison after a five-year detention By Sophie Jane Evans For Dailymail.com Published: 22:16 EDT, 20 January 2015 | Updated: 08:25 EDT, 21 January 20151.7kshares257View comments Dressed in a conservative Michael Kors tweed skirt suit, Michelle Obama was dubbed 'flawless', 'stunning' and a 'picture of perfection' during her husband's annual State of the Union address on Tuesday night. But amid the storm of compliments, what many viewers - and perhaps, the First Lady herself - did not realize is that her designer attire had been worn on-screen before - by the wife of a disgraced politician in the hit TV series The Good Wife. At a price of $797 for the jacket alone (reduced from $1,595 at Neiman Marcus), the skirt suit was first seen on actress Julianna Margulies in the role of Alicia Florrick, the wife of former state attorney Peter Florrick, who was jailed following a notorious political corruption and sex scandal. Although the majority of viewers did not pick up on Mrs Obama's outfit double, some fans of the CBS show did. Twitter user Elaine Teng wrote: 'Michelle Obama is channeling her inner Alicia Florrick tonight', while another user tweeted: 'Michelle Obama is bringing some fierce Alicia Florrick. ' During Tuesday night's address, Mrs Obama, 51, was surrounded by nearly two dozen individuals who have benefited from President Barack Obama's initiatives as she watched her 53-year-old husband address Congress on a range of political issues on Capitol Hill in Washington. Scroll down for video+33 +33Outfit double: Michelle Obama's Michael Kors tweed skirt suit had previously been showcased by Julianna Margulies in her role as the wife of a disgraced politician on The Good Wife Steal Michelle's style in a Michael Kors suit Michael Kors zip-front tweed jacket Reduced to $797 at Neiman Marcus Visit site With her contemporary take on power dressing, Michelle Obama is a sartorial leader we like to keep on our radar. Wearing an effortlessly elegant Michael Kors tweed suit to the President's State of the Union address on Tuesday, Michelle's chic look was described as ‘flawless’ by the onlooking Twitterati. But we’re afraid we have to break it to you that in this instance Mrs Obama wasn’t the first lady to rock this look."
},
{
"docid": "D2842116#0",
"title": "http://www.mid-day.com/articles/barcelona-captain-xavi-and-wife-nuria-expecting-their-first-child/16267176\nBarcelona captain Xavi and wife Nuria expecting their first child",
"text": "\"Barcelona captain Xavi and wife Nuria expecting their first child Jun 05, 2015, 08:29 IST | IANSFC Barcelona captain Xavi Hernandez and his wife Nuria Cunillera will be parents for the first time, the player disclosed at an event Barcelona: FC Barcelona captain Xavi Hernandez and his wife Nuria Cunillera will be parents for the first time, the player disclosed at an event. Xavi Hernandez and Nuria Cunillera. Pic/Getty Images\"\"I and my wife Nuria, the most important person in my life, will go to Qatar, but soon we will be three. Although we don't know the name yet, or the (baby's) socio number, we know we will be three Catalans in Qatar,\"\" the midfield maestro was quoted as saying by Efe yesterday. Hernandez was speaking at an event organised by the Catalan club before his departure to join Qatar's Al-Sadd club. Nuria, who married Xavi two years ago at the wedding held in the Spanish coastal region of Costa Brava, is expected to give birth to their first baby in late 2015. Facebook G+ Twitter Pinterest Feedback \""
},
{
"docid": "D628243#0",
"title": "http://worldsoccer.about.com/od/players/a/messiprofile.htm\nLionel Messi",
"text": "Arts, Music, and Recreation ›Sports Lionel Messi Share Flipboard Email Print Alex Caparros/Getty Imagesby Stewart Coggin Updated April 30, 2017If you're looking for the best soccer player in the world, there are few finer sights than Lionel Messi using a mixture of pace and trickery to beat multiple defenders from his position in the center of the Barcelona attack. Pele and Maradona are considered by many to be the best players ever to have kicked a ball, but it is no exaggeration to say that Messi has now claimed a position alongside these players in soccer's pantheon of greats. The Argentinean joined Barcelona at the age of 13, with the club paying for treatment on a growth hormone deficiency that threatened to stunt his progress. What a shrewd investment that now looks, with Messi already the club's record goalscorer. Quick Facts: Name: Lionel Andrés Messi Nationality: Argentinean Date and Place of Birth: June 24, 1987 in Rosario, Argentina Position: Playmaker Current Club: Barcelona (La Liga)Previous Club: Newell's Old Boys (1995-2000)International Career: 2005 to present Move from Newell's: Messi started playing for Argentinean club Newell's Old Boys at the age of eight after turning out for a few years with his local team. His father was a factory worker and his mother a cleaner, and they were unable to pay the money required to remedy his growth hormone deficiency. This was also the case with River Plate who were interested in signing the player. Barcelona, then under the stewardship of long-time club servant Carles Rexach, pounced with the promise of paying the $800 a month required to pay the bills. It is not an exaggeration to say that the player's destiny and the club's future were redefined. Messi would excel in the youth and B teams before making his first team debut against Barca's city rivals Espanyol."
},
{
"docid": "D769797#0",
"title": "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3042768/Aaron-Hernandez-Prisoner-W106228-not-No-81-moved-maximum-security-prison-s-revealed-hooked-angel-dust-party-drug-gunned-Odin-Lloyd.html\nEXCLUSIVE: Aaron Hernandez is Prisoner W106228 - not No 81 - and moved to suicide watch in maximum security prison as it's revealed he was hooked on 'angel dust' when he gunned down Odin Lloyd",
"text": "\"EXCLUSIVE: Aaron Hernandez is Prisoner W106228 - not No 81 - and moved to suicide watch in maximum security prison as it's revealed he was hooked on 'angel dust' when he gunned down Odin Lloyd New England Patriots No 81 is starting whole life term for murder of Odin Lloyd - and will now go by his prison number He is being moved from the state prison at Cedar Junction to the Souza-Baranowski maximum security facility today where he's on suicide watch Man who knew Hernandez well reveals how he smoked marijuana mixed with 'angel dust' - the dangerous illegal substance PCPAddictive substance is known to lead to violent mood swings Hernandez is still facing another double murder trial By Shekhar Bhatia In Providence, Rhode Island, For Dailymail.com and Michele Mcphee In Boston, Massachusetts For Dailymail.com Published: 16:18 EDT, 17 April 2015 | Updated: 20:15 EDT, 17 April 2015255shares1View comments NFL murderer Aaron Hernandez is no longer No 81 - he is Prisoner W106228, Daily Mail Online can reveal. The official number was issued to Hernandez as he started the rest of his life in jail, at Cedar Junction state prison in Massachusetts. He was being moved to the maximum security Souza-Baranowski Correctional Center near Shirley today. Hernandez is being held separately from other prisoners and is on suicide watch. He is now equipped with green prison scrubs and his tattoos are being examined for gang affiliations. It can also be disclosed that he was hooked on 'angel dust', a drug known to cause users to experience violent outbursts and paranoia. The former New England Patriots star smoked the hallucination-inducing drug in marijuana cigarettes that are known as 'killer joints' in the world of drugs. Sources said the brute, found guilty of murdering Odin Lloyd, was using the dangerous drug for at least a year before the victim was shot dead. SCROLL DOWN FOR VIDEOS+6The beginning of the rest of his life: Aaron Hernandez was taken to the MCI Cedar Junction prison in Walpole, Massachusetts on Wednesday after he was sentenced to life in prison without parole for the 2013 murder of Odin Lloyd. Hernandez circled in red, arriving at the 700-inmate prison+6 +6Nothing to smile about now: Hernandez slumped down in his chair on Wednesday as a guilty verdict was read (left)."
},
{
"docid": "D3338961#0",
"title": "https://www.thetoptens.com/soccer-football-players/\nBest Soccer (Football) Players of All Time",
"text": "\"Best Soccer (Football) Players of All Time The Top Ten1 Lionel Messi Lionel Andrés \"\"Leo\"\" Messi is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Spanish club Barcelona. He is also known as one of the greatest football players of all time. He was born in Rosario, Argentina on June 24th, 1987. No one is nowhere near him... Greatest player to play football... MESSI 10 +865He is the B E S T... Just amazing Wonderful crazy And he plays as someone play on a x-box or Play Station Go Messi go Totally incredible Out of word to say +627Best player ever better than cristiano he is amazing wonderful spectacular incredible crazy unbeatable +502He is both a goal and assist machine. He can shoot and he can also dominate the midfield. - joshsanz+80This little magician is the best. No one can compare to him. G. O. A. T - Ehhh Barcanew V 1799 Comments Vote E2 Pele (Edson Arantes do Nascimento)Edson Arantes do Nascimento, known as Pelé, is a retired Brazilian professional footballer who played as a forward. I think the best footballer of soccer is pele. He is the could be said as the king of football he is the number 1 player in the world of football."
},
{
"docid": "D251296#0",
"title": "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Xavier\nWhat does Xavier mean?",
"text": "\"Home > Xavier♂Xavier What does Xavier mean? X avier ▲ as a boys' name is pronounced ecks-ZAY-vee-er, ZAY-vee-er. It is of Basque origin, and the meaning of Xavier is \"\"new house\"\". From Etcheberria. Saint Francis Xavier was a 16th-century Jesuit missionary who took Christianity to the East Indies and Japan. Band leader Xavier Cugat; baseball player Javier Lopez. ENDS WITH -er ASSOCIATED WITH house, saint, 16th century, leader Variations VARIANTS Javier, Ksawery, Saverio, Saviero, Savion ▼, Savyon, Xathieur, Xavi, Xaviell, Xayvion, Xever, Zavier ▲ALTERNATIVE FORMS VIA JAVIER Havier, Haviero, Javi, Javiero FEMININE FORMS Javiera, Xaviera CREATIVE FORMS (male) (female)MIDDLE NAME PAIRINGS Xavier Keon (X. K.), .. How popular is Xavier? Xavier is a very prominent first name for men (#587 out of 1220, Top 48%) and also a very prominent last name for all people (#12533 out of 150436, Top 8%). ( 2000 U. S. CENSUS)Xavier reached its top position of #68 in the U. S. in 2009, and is currently at #88. ( TOP BABY NAMES, 2016)Which version is better?"
},
{
"docid": "D2564702#0",
"title": "http://ethnicelebs.com/tag/spanish/page/76?mobile_switch=mobile\nTag: Spanish",
"text": "Tag: Spanish Hola Soy Germán Birth Name: Germán Alejandro Garmendia Aranis Place of Birth: Santiago, Chile Date of Birth: April 25, 1990Ethnicity: Chilean (Spanish, possibly other)Hola Soy Germán is a Chilean Internet personality. He is the son of Germán Luis Garmendia Macías and Cecilia del Carmen Aranis Mancilla. Hola Soy Germán’s paternal grandparents are ? Garmendia and ? Macías. Hola Soy Germán’s maternal grandparents are ? Aranis and ? Mancilla. Source: http://holasoygerman.info Manila November 1, 2015HChilean, Spanish, Spanish-Chilean Leave a comment Vicente del Bosque Birth Name: Vicente del Bosque González Place of Birth: Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain Date of Birth: 23 December 1950Ethnicity: Spanish Vicente del Bosque is a former Spanish footballer and football manager. He led the national team to win their first-ever FIFA World Cup in 2010, and then to retain their European Championship in 2012."
},
{
"docid": "D42364#0",
"title": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2017/06/19/7-sailors-died-on-board-the-uss-fitzgerald-here-are-their-stories/\n7 sailors died aboard the USS Fitzgerald. Here are their stories.",
"text": "TOP, FROM LEFT: Xavier Alec Martin, 24; Shingo Alexander Douglass, 25; Dakota Kyle Rigsby, 19; Carlos Victor Ganzon Sibayan, 23. BOTTOM, FROM LEFT: Ngoc Truong Huynh, 25; Noe Hernandez, 26; and Gary Leo Rehm Jr., 37. ( U. S. Navy via AP)First came the crash, then the rushing waters — and then, the wave of grief. The grief swelled after divers found seven bodies in the wreckage of the USS Fitzgerald off the coast of Japan this weekend. It washed across the United States, through dire phone calls, texts and solemn visits. It reached the family of a 19-year-old firefighter who had enlisted in the Navy the year before, and the wife of a 19-year veteran who had been planning his retirement, and fell upon households from Connecticut to the southern end of Texas — people with little more in common than a sudden, immense loss on the other side of the world. A Navy chaplain brought the news to Halethorpe, Md., where Personnel Specialist 1st Class Xavier Martin had lived. On Father’s Day, Martin’s bereaved father stood in front of a CBS WJZ news crew and covered his mouth with his hand. “He’s my only child,” Darrold Martin said. “ He’s all I have."
},
{
"docid": "D238735#0",
"title": "http://www.ibtimes.com/barcelona-vs-atletico-madrid-2015-tv-channel-live-stream-info-prediction-copa-del-rey-1790092\nBarcelona vs. Atlético Madrid 2015: TV Channel, Live Stream Info And Prediction For Copa Del Rey 1st Leg",
"text": "Barcelona vs. Atlético Madrid 2015: TV Channel, Live Stream Info And Prediction For Copa Del Rey 1st Leg By Jason Le Miere @Jason Le Miere On 01/21/15 AT 12:04 PMLuis Suárez, Neymar and Lionel Messi celebrate during Barcelona's win over Atletico Madrid earlier this month. Photo: Reuters Barcelona will be aiming to maintain their strong run of form when they host Atlético Madrid in the first leg of the Copa del Rey quarterfinals on Wednesday. Storm clouds were forming over the Camp Nou following a 1-0 defeat to Real Sociedad at the start of the year, which was followed by the dismissal of sporting director Andoni Zubizarreta, the resignation of his assistant Carles Puyol and strong rumors of a rift between coach Luis Enrique and star man Lionel Messi. But things now look a little brighter on the back of four straight wins by an aggregate score of 16-1, which included an impressive 3-1 defeat of their next opponents. That win came after Barcelona failed to beat Atlético in six attempts last season, with Diego Simeone’s side getting the only victory in that time to decide the sides’ Champions League quarterfinal. And Enrique believes his team could now have an important psychological boost. “To have won that game does not influence the next meeting, but it does mean we go into the game well after failing to win in the six games last season,” he said at his pre-match press conference, reports Barcelona-based publication Sport. A 4-0 win at Deportivo La Coruna on Sunday came when Enrique selected the same starting lineup for consecutive matches for the first time since he took charge last summer. The former Celta Vigo coach’s selection will be complicated on Tuesday, though, by the return to fitness of Xavi. Defender Jeremy Mathieu remains unavailable."
},
{
"docid": "D309405#0",
"title": "http://www.ojjpac.org/memorial.asp\n.",
"text": "\"Ohio Jobs & Justice PACVICTIMS OF ILLEGAL ALIENSMEMORIALIn honor of the thousands of American citizens killed each year by Illegal Aliens. Deaths that could have been prevented if the Congress and the Executive Branch would have secured our border and enforced existing U. S. immigration laws.~ (Please scroll down) ~List of Victims Edwin Jackson, 26Son, Friend, Colt's Football Player Allegedly killed by Manuel Orrego-Savala, 37Manuel Orrego-Savala, a/k/a Alex Cabrera Gonsales, 37, a Guatemalan illegal alien living in Indiana has been arrested for causing the death of Edwin Jackson, 26. Indiana State Police said that Orrego-Savala was driving drunk and crashed into the stopped vehicle in which Jackson was a passenger. Jackson and his Uber driver died from their injuries. Like most cowardly illegal aliens, Orrego-Savala reportedly failed to aid the victims and attempted to flee the scene of the accident on foot but was taken down and arrested. It was reported that Orrego-Savala was not only allegedly drunk, but was driving without a license, and had previously been deported from the U. S. in 2007 and 2009. Jackson's teammates remembered their friend as someone who was not only a great football player but also someone who took the time to aid community groups and institutions such as Riley Children's Hospital. Source: Edwin Jackson was killed by a twice-deported illegal immigrant. Now the Colts' Player's death is par of the Indiana Senate race, By Philip Wegmann, Washington Examiner, 2-6-18Grant Ronnebeck, 213rd Anniversary Tribute Listing Murdered January 22, 2015Son, Friend Allegedly murdered by Apolinar Altamirano, 29Apolinar Altamirano, 29, an unauthorized Mexican illegal alien DREAMer, has been arrested for the January 22, 2015 first-degree murder of Phoenix Quick Trip store clerk Grant Ronnebeck, 21. Altamirano is accused of shooting Ronnebeck and stealing two packs of cigarettes after the 21-year-old clerk demanded payment before giving Altamirano any cigarettes."
},
{
"docid": "D1921685#0",
"title": "http://colorado.rockies.mlb.com/team/broadcasters.jsp?c_id=col\nRockies Broadcasters",
"text": "Rockies Broadcasters Broadcasters: Drew Goodman | Jeff Huson | Ryan Spilborghs | Jack Corrigan | Jerry Schemmel | Javier Olivas | Salvador Hernandez | Carlos Valdez | Affiliates »Drew Goodman - Play-by-Play Announcer - ROOT SPORTSDrew Goodman, one of the most versatile broadcasters in sports, is in his 15th season calling Colorado Rockies games. For 10 years (1994-2004), Goodman was the play-by-play announcer for Denver Nuggets telecasts for the network and local over-the-air stations. From 2002 through 2004, he was one of few sportscasters to regularly call action for telecasts of two professional teams in the same year, annually logging more than 190 games between the Colorado Rockies and Denver Nuggets. Over the past few years, Goodman has called NFL games and major college football games nationally for ESPN Radio. Additionally, Goodman has called Mountain West men’s basketball and various network live events. In January 2016, he earned his 12th Colorado Sportscaster of the Year honor by the National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association. Prior to becoming the Rockies play-by-play voice in 2002, Goodman worked select Major League Baseball national telecasts for FSN and hosted “Rockies Weekly” with Buddy Bell and Colorado Rockies “Pregame Report. ”Goodman’s work in football has been extensive, calling NFL games for NBC and FOX at various times over the last twenty years. For three years, he called the Broncos preseason games on the radio, as well as handling their post-game show for five seasons in the mid-90s. As a veteran in the broadcast world, he has had the privilege of working with the ATP Tennis Tour and World Cup Skiing."
},
{
"docid": "D2077033#0",
"title": "http://www.borderlandbeat.com/2012/10/it-isnt-their-fault-that-they-are.html\n\"\"\"It isn't their fault that they are the children of El Chapo\"\": Former Wife\"",
"text": "\"\"\"It isn't their fault that they are the children of El Chapo\"\": Former Wife Borderland Beat Griselda Lopez Perez the former wife of Joaquin Guzman Loera, the premier leader of the Sinaloa drug trafficking Cartel, denied the accusations and declare that her son does not have links with the drug trafficking. In an interview with Noroeste, Lopez said that it is true that her son was \"\" conceived by Mr Guzman and me (Ovidio) but I have never let my children do what their father does. ”“Chapo’s” former wife, also mother of the deceased Edgar Guzman Lopez, killed in a shootout in May of 2008, assured that Ovidio is a young man of 22 years old that tries to live a life outside the margin of the activities of “El Chapo” Guzman. “It is not their fault they are the children of Joaquin Guzman”, she stated. During the interview, she also stated that she hasn’t seen the gangster for long time, and the same of her children, and she said that she was tired that her children are being accused. The society that see those accusations, think that they are working with that (drug trafficking); I already lost a son because of the wars that have been provoked”. Edagr Guzman It was last May, when two sons of Joaquin Guzman Loera, among them Ovidio Guzman Lopez, were accused by the US Office of Foreign Assets Treasury as members of the Sinaloa Cartel; they were placed on the Kingpin ACT list. According to a communication given by the embassy of the United States, Ivan Archivaldo Guzman Salazar and Ovidio Guzman Lopez participates in a drug trafficking operation led by their father. Last June, the first wife and one of the sons of the gangster of the Sinaloa Cartel, Joaquin “El Chapo” Guzman Loera, were included by the United States, in a drug trafficking list, which now are subject to actions of confiscation and freezing of properties. The accusation against Maria Alejandrina Salazar Hernandez and her son Jesus Alfredo Guzman Salazar was the sixth made by the American Department of Treasure against members and operators of the Sinaloa Cartel."
},
{
"docid": "D1637401#0",
"title": "https://marriedbiography.com/laurie-hernandez-biography/\nLaurie Hernandez Bio",
"text": "Laurie Hernandez Bio Posted on June 7, 2017Single Facts of Laurie Hernandez Age: 17 years 9 months Birth Date: June 09, 2000Horoscope: Gemini Birth Place: Old Bridge, New Jersey, United States Height:4 feet 9 inch Net Worth: $2 million Ethnicity: American Nationality: American Facebook Profile/Page: Twitter Profile: Instagram Profile: Wikipedia Profile: IMDB Profile: Official Website: Ads by Revcontent Related Content Robin Williams' Final Net Worth Stuns His Family Photo Gallery: the 2018 Nissan Rogue Relationship Statistics of Laurie Hernandez What is Laurie Hernandez marital status ? ( single, married, in relation or divorce): Single Is Laurie Hernandez having any relationship affair ? : No More about the relationship Being a child artist, it is not possible for her to be involved in the relationship and all. As being only of 16 years old, she is enjoying her career as a child actress and it is impossible for her focus in the love, affairs and other such matters. Contents [ hide]1 Who is Laurie Hernandez?2 Laurie Hernandez’s Early Life, Childhood, and Education3 Laurie Hernandez’s Career, Salary, and Net Worth4 Laurie Hernandez’s Rumors, and Controversy5 Laurie Hernandez’s Body Measurements Who is Laurie Hernandez? Laurie Hernandez is an American gymnast. Being of only 16 years, she is very hard working and determinative girl. She is best known for competing as a member of the U. S. women’s gymnastics team at the 2016 Summer Olympics. Moreover, she won gold in the team event and silver on the balance beam. She is the youngest member of the U. S. women’s gymnastics team, nicknamed “The Final Five”."
},
{
"docid": "D3422980#0",
"title": "http://www.worldsrichpeople.com/richest-football-players.html\nTop 75 Richest Football Players In The World",
"text": "\"Top 75 Richest Football Players In The World By Abhinandan Lawati It is not a surprise seeing football players earn as much they do. Making the cut in the big leagues is as difficult as winning the lottery. The modern heroes of the game make it easier for commoners like us to get by our difficult lives. Fittingly, they earn a fortune while doing so. We have compiled a list of some of the richest football players in the world. Take a look!The Top 10 richest footballers have a combined net worth of $1.4 billion The Top 10 players combined have won 12 World Player of the year awards. Cristiano Ronaldo leads the scoring charts in the top 10 list with 375 goals.2 players in the Top 10 list have already retired from the game. The Top 10 players have 5 World Cup medals between them. Lionel Messi has won the Ballon D’or the most number of times. He has 4 Ballon D’Ors."
},
{
"docid": "D1955477#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leroy_Jethro_Gibbs\nLeroy Jethro Gibbs",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Leroy Jethro Gibbs NCIS character Leroy Jethro Gibbs First appearance \"\" Ice Queen \"\" ( JAG)Portrayed by Mark Harmon Sean Harmon (teenager) Micah Tayloe Owens (child)Voiced by Josh Robert Thompson ( NCIS: The Video Game) [1]Information Gender Male Occupation NCIS Special Agent Former Gunnery Sergeant ( Marine sniper and military police) ( USMC)Affiliation Ncis Family Jackson Gibbs (father, deceased) Ann Gibbs (mother, deceased)Spouse (s)Shannon Gibbs (deceased)Diane Sterling [2] (divorced, deceased)Rebecca Chase (divorced)Stephanie Flynn (divorced)Children Kelly Gibbs (deceased)Nationality American Career at NCISPosition Supervisory Special Agent Major Case Response Team, Washington DC office Undercover operative, Europe Rank Senior field agent Years of Service c. 1991–present Awards Silver Star, Purple Heart, Navy Meritorious Civilian Service Award Leroy Jethro Gibbs [3] is a fictional character of the CBS TV series NCIS, portrayed by Mark Harmon. [ 4] He is a former U. S Marine Corps Scout Sniper turned special agent who commands a team for the Naval Criminal Investigative Service. Gibbs is the most accomplished marksman on the team and the most skilled at handling violent standoffs; he depends on his other agents heavily for technical forensics and background checks. He is patient but firm with his team and has little patience for bureaucracy; he commands most other main characters — including his current staff Timothy Mc Gee, Ellie Bishop, Nick Torres, Clayton Reeves and Jacqueline Sloane and previous staff Caitlin Todd (killed in the line of duty), Anthony Di Nozzo (left to look after his newly found daughter), Ziva David (killed after leaving NCIS), and Alexandra Quinn (left to look after her sick mother). Leroy Jethro Gibbs was born before 1959 as confirmed in the episode depicting flash backs referring to the death of Joan Matteson and the team focuses on disappearance of Lieutenant Flores in Afganistan. [ 5]Contents [ hide ]1 Development and casting2 Background3 Relationships3.1 Marriages3.2 Other romantic relationships3.3 Family4 Personality5 Awards and citations6 Reception7 References8 External links Development and casting [ edit]Series creator Donald P. Bellisario initially did not think Mark Harmon would fit the role of Gibbs, a \"\"flinty type with a strong sense of honor and respect for the military\"\", but changed his mind after viewing a tape of Harmon's portrayal of a Secret Service agent on The West Wing. [ 6] Co-executive producer Charles Floyd Johnson recalls, \"\"We all looked at that work. And everybody said, 'He's Gibbs.' \"\" [ 7] Harmon was cast in 2003, and Bellisario explained, \"\"I said, 'Oh, my God, he's Gibbs.' He had matured."
},
{
"docid": "D2351909#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_Ballon_d%27Or\nFIFA Ballon d'Or",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the combined FIFA world football player award issued between 2010 and 2015. For the European football award given by France Football, see Ballon d'Or. For the previous award (1991–2009), see FIFA World Player of the Year. For the next award (since 2016), see The Best FIFA Men's Player. Lionel Messi (right), pictured here with Cristiano Ronaldo in 2011, dominated the award with 4 wins, 3 of which won consecutively. The FIFA Ballon d'Or ( French pronunciation: [balɔ̃ dɔʁ], \"\"Golden Ball\"\") was an annual association football award presented to the world's best men's player from 2010 to 2015. Awarded jointly by FIFA and France Football, the prize was a merger of the FIFA World Player of the Year award and the Ballon d'Or, the two most prestigious individual honours in world football. The FIFA Ballon d'Or was awarded based on votes from international journalists and national team coaches and captains, who selected the players they deemed to have performed the best in the previous calendar year. The six editions of the FIFA Ballon d'Or were dominated by Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo, as part of their ongoing rivalry. Barcelona 's Messi won the inaugural Ballon d'Or in 2010 and went on to win three in a row, after his wins in 2011 and 2012."
},
{
"docid": "D2125879#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rookie_(2002_film)\nThe Rookie (2002 film)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. ( January 2016) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)The Rookie Theatrical release poster Directed by John Lee Hancock Produced by Mark Ciardi Gordon Gray Mark Johnson Written by Mike Rich Starring Dennis Quaid Rachel Griffiths Jay Hernandez Brian Cox Music by Carter Burwell Cinematography John Schwartzman Edited by Eric L. Beason Production company Walt Disney Pictures Distributed by Buena Vista Pictures Release date March 29, 2002Running time 127 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $22 million Box office $80.7 million [1]The Rookie is a 2002 American sports drama film directed by John Lee Hancock and produced by Walt Disney Pictures. It is based on the true story of Jim Morris, who had a brief, but famous Major League Baseball career in 1999–2000. The film stars Dennis Quaid, Rachel Griffiths, Jay Hernandez, and Brian Cox. Contents [ hide ]1 Plot2 Cast3 Reception4 Filming locations5 See also6 References7 External links Plot [ edit]The film tells the story of Jim Morris, the son of a career Navy man, who moves the family from Hollywood, Florida to Big Lake, Texas, in order to maintain job security. Jim is shown to be a very skilled pitcher, though his father disapproves of Jim's dream of making it to Major League Baseball. It is later mentioned that the town to which Jim's family moved, Big Lake, has lost its love for baseball, preferring football instead. Thus, he was unable to play baseball in high school."
},
{
"docid": "D3366168#0",
"title": "http://triblive.com/news/allegheny/8593951-74/area-hispanic-population\nHispanic migration to Western Pennsylvania double national rate",
"text": "Hispanic migration to Western Pennsylvania double national rate Brian Bowling | Thursday, June 25, 2015, 12:01 a.m. Stephanie Strasburg | Trib Total Media Gabriel Hernandez, 31, and his wife Santa, 37, talk in El Milagro Restaurant, the Mexican restaurant they run in their neighborhood of Beechview on Wednesday, June 24, 2015. The couple, originally of Honduras and Mexico respectively, are two of a growing number of Latinos living in Allegheny County according to the latest Census figures. Stephanie Strasburg | Trib Total Media The 'T' winds its way down Broadway Ave. in Beechview on Wednesday, June 24, 2015. The neighborhood has become a gathering point for the growing Latino community in Allegheny County according to the most recent Census data. Stephanie Strasburg | Trib Total Media Hugo Santamaria, 25, of Robinson, talks to the Tribune-Review in Beechview on Wednesday, June 24, 2015. Santamaria, who came to the U. S. from Mexico to pursue a better education, says one way the state and county can make the area more friendly to native Spanish speakers is to have Spanish translators available at doctors' offices and hospitals. He says he sometimes goes along with friends to help them communicate with health care providers. Stephanie Strasburg | Trib Total Media Nicoles Ramirez, 30, cooks meat for tacos at Las Palmas in his neighborhood of Beechview on Wednesday, June 24, 2015. Ramirez, originally of Guatemala, is part of the growing Latino community in Allegheny County according to the latest Census figures."
}
] |
8571 | xeroderma pigmentosum is an example of a genetic disorder that involves | [
{
"docid": "D2906004#0",
"title": "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/xeroderma_pigmentosum.htm\nXeroderma pigmentosum",
"text": "\"Xeroderma pigmentosum Must Reads in Health Protecting Your Skin During Winter Watch: My Personal Psoriasis Journey Are You Getting The Best Cancer Care? Keeping An Active Lifestyle With COPDLiver Disease? Find a Doc Who Treats PBCAre You Allergic To Your Clothes? Why Psoriasis Treatments Can Fail Introduction: Xeroderma pigmentosum Description of Xeroderma pigmentosum Xeroderma pigmentosum (medical condition): A rare pigmentary disease that is caused by an... more »See also: Xeroderma pigmentosum : » Introduction: Xeroderma pigmentosum » Symptoms of Xeroderma pigmentosum Xeroderma pigmentosum: a rare genetic condition characterized by an eruption of exposed skin occurring in childhood and photosensitivity with severe sunburn; inherited as a recessive autosomal trait in which DNA repair processesm are defective so they are more likely to chromosome breaks and cancers when exposed to ultraviolet light. Source: Word Net 2.1Xeroderma pigmentosum: An inherited skin disorder characterized by photosensitivity with severe sunburn in infancy, the development of numerous pigmented spots resembling freckles, larger atrophic lesions associated with telangiectasis, and multiple solar keratoses. Transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner, xeroderma pigmentosa involves a defect in nucleotide excision repair (NER), leading to deficient repair of DNA damaged by UV radiation and chromosome breakage. Individuals with this disease develop multiple malignant cutaneous neoplasms at an early age and may suffer from severe ophthalmic and neurologic abnormalities. --2004 Source: Diseases Database Xeroderma pigmentosum: rare pigmentary atrophic autosomal recessive disease manifested as an extreme photosensitivity to ultraviolet light as the result of a deficiency in the enzyme that permits excisional repair of utraviolet damaged DNA. Source: CRISPXeroderma pigmentosum: A rare, pigmentary, and atrophic autosomal recessive disease. It is manifested as an extreme photosensitivity to ULTRAVIOLET RAYS as the result of a deficiency in the enzyme that permits excisional repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA ."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1345577#0",
"title": "http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/xeroderma-pigmentosum\nXeroderma pigmentosum",
"text": "Xeroderma pigmentosum, which is commonly known as XP, is an inherited condition characterized by an extreme sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight. This condition mostly affects the eyes and areas of skin exposed to the sun. Some affected individuals also have problems involving the nervous system. The signs of xeroderma pigmentosum usually appear in infancy or early childhood. Many affected children develop a severe sunburn after spending just a few minutes in the sun. The sunburn causes redness and blistering that can last for weeks. Other affected children do not get sunburned with minimal sun exposure, but instead tan normally. By age 2, almost all children with xeroderma pigmentosum develop freckling of the skin in sun-exposed areas (such as the face, arms, and lips); this type of freckling rarely occurs in young children without the disorder. In affected individuals, exposure to sunlight often causes dry skin (xeroderma) and changes in skin coloring (pigmentation). This combination of features gives the condition its name, xeroderma pigmentosum."
},
{
"docid": "D891483#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progeria\nProgeria",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Progeria Synonyms Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), [1] [2] progeria syndrome [2]A young girl with progeria (left). A healthy cell nucleus (right, top) and a progeric cell nucleus (right, bottom). Pronunciation/ p r oʊ ˈ dʒ ɪər i ə / [3] [4]Specialty Medical genetics Symptoms Growth delay, short height, small face, hair loss [5]Complications Heart disease, stroke, hip dislocations [5]Usual onset 9–24 months [5]Causes Genetic [5]Diagnostic method Based on symptoms, genetic tests [5]Differential diagnosis Hallermann–Streiff syndrome, Gottron's syndrome, Wiedemann–Rautenstrauch syndrome [5]Treatment Mostly symptomatic [5]Medication Lonafarnib [5]Prognosis Average age of death is 13 years [5]Frequency Rare (1 in 18 million) [5]Progeria is an extremely rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder in which symptoms resembling aspects of aging are manifested at a very early age. [ 6] Progeria is one of several progeroid syndromes. [ 7] Those born with progeria typically live to their mid-teens to early twenties. [ 8] [9] It is a genetic condition that occurs as a new mutation, and is rarely inherited, as carriers usually do not live to reproduce. Although the term progeria applies strictly speaking to all diseases characterized by premature aging symptoms, and is often used as such, it is often applied specifically in reference to Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome ( HGPS ). Progeria was first described in 1886 by Jonathan Hutchinson. [ 10] It was also described independently in 1897 by Hastings Gilford. [ 11] The condition was later named Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome."
},
{
"docid": "D1165735#0",
"title": "http://omim.org/entry/216400\nCOCKAYNE SYNDROME A; CSA",
"text": "ICD+# 216400COCKAYNE SYNDROME A; CSAPhenotype-Gene Relationships Location Phenotype Phenotype MIM number Inheritance Phenotype mapping key Gene/Locus Gene/Locus MIM number5q12.1 Cockayne syndrome, type A 216400 AR 3 ERCC8 609412Clinical Synopsis▼ TEXTA number sign (#) is used with this entry because Cockayne syndrome A (CSA) is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the gene encoding the group 8 excision repair cross-complementing protein (ERCC8; 609412) on chromosome 5q11. ▼ Description Cockayne syndrome is characterized by abnormal and slow growth and development that becomes evident within the first few years after birth. ' Cachectic dwarfism' describes the outward appearance of afflicted individuals. Other features include cutaneous photosensitivity, thin, dry hair, a progeroid appearance, progressive pigmentary retinopathy, sensorineural hearing loss, dental caries, and a characteristic stance in the ambulatory patient. Patients often show disproportionately long limbs with large hands and feet, and flexion contractures of joints are usual skeletal features. Knee contractures result in a 'horse-riding stance.' There is delayed neural development and severe progressive neurologic degeneration resulting in mental retardation. The mean age at death in reported cases is 12.5 years, although a few affected individuals have lived into their late teens or twenties. Remarkably, in striking contrast with xeroderma pigmentosum, patients with CS have no significant increase in skin cancer or infection ( Nance and Berry, 1992 ). Lowry (1982) noted that there is an early-onset form of Cockayne syndrome in which patients may show abnormalities at birth and have a shorter survival."
},
{
"docid": "D1032381#0",
"title": "http://reference.medscape.com/features/slideshow/pigmentation\nDisorders of Pigmentation: Slideshow",
"text": "\"More Slideshows Cutaneous Fungal Infections Kawasaki Disease Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF)What's Causing That Itch? -- Bedbugs, Lice, and Mites Other Slideshows For More Informatione Medicine, Dermatology: Diseases of Pigmentation: Albinism Congenital Dermal Melanocytosise Medicine, Dermatology: Hypomelanosis of Ito Lentigoe Medicine, Dermatology: Becker Melanosis Drug-Induced Pigmentatione Medicine, Dermatology: Melasmae Medicine, Dermatology: Pigmented Lesions of the Eyelide Medicine, Dermatology: Pityriasis Alba For More Informatione Medicine, Dermatology: Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation Hermansky-Pudlack Syndromee Medicine, Dermatology: Vitiligoe Medicine, Pediatrics: Carotenemiae Medicine, Dermatology: Argyria Contributor Information Author Lars Grimm, MD, MHS House Staff Department of Internal Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham, North Carolina Disclosure: Lars Grimm, MD, MHS, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships. Editor Robert A. Schwartz, MD Professor and Head, Dermatology Professor of Pathology, Pediatrics, Medicine, and Preventive Medicine and Community Health UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School Newark, New Jersey Disclosure: Robert A. Schwartz, MD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships. Disorders of pigmentation present as skin that is discolored, blotchy, or darker or lighter than normal. They occur when the body produces too little (hypopigmentation) or too much (hyperpigmentation) melanin. Melanin is a pigment that creates hair, skin, and eye color and protects the skin by absorbing ultraviolet light. These disorders can be localized or can diffusely spread about the body. Some pigmentation disorders, such as liver spots, are common, whereas others, such as albinism, are rare, affecting approximately 1 out of every 17,000 people. With some disorders, the cause of dyspigmentation may be readily identified as sun exposure, drug reactions, or inflammation; in other cases, the etiology is not as clear. Most disorders can be diagnosed by appearance."
},
{
"docid": "D3442931#0",
"title": "https://www.dermnetnz.org/topics/photosensitivity/\nWhat is photosensitivity?",
"text": "What is photosensitivity? Photosensitivity refers to various symptoms, diseases and conditions caused or aggravated by exposure to sunlight. A rash due to photosensitivity is a photodermatosis (plural photodermatoses). If the rash is eczematous, it is a photodermatitis. A chemical or drug that causes photosensitivity is a photosensitiser. A phototoxic reaction to a photosensitiser results in an exaggerated sunburn reaction and no immune reaction is involved. A photoallergic reaction to a photosensitiser results in photodermatitis and is due to delayed hypersensitivity reaction. A photoexacerbated condition describes a flare of an underlying skin disease on exposure to sunlight. Photosensitivity Who gets photosensitivity? Photosensitivity occurs in males and females of all races and at all ages."
},
{
"docid": "D312806#0",
"title": "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/k/keratosis/causes.htm\nCauses of Keratosis",
"text": "\"Causes of Keratosis Intro Symptoms Types Causes Treatment Misdiagnosis Deaths Videos Doctors Must Reads in Health Protecting Your Skin During Winter Watch: My Personal Psoriasis Journey Are You Getting The Best Cancer Care? Keeping An Active Lifestyle With COPDLiver Disease? Find a Doc Who Treats PBCAre You Allergic To Your Clothes? Why Psoriasis Treatments Can Fail Contents Keratosis: Introduction Causes of Keratosis Causes of symptoms Related cause information Causes of Keratosis Some types of keratosis are caused by sun exposure. Genetics may also play a role since there is usually a family history of keratosis. Keratosis: Related Medical Conditions To research the causes of Keratosis, consider researching the causes of these these diseases that may be similar, or associated with Keratosis: Seborrhoeic keratosis Keratosis pilaris Radiation related disorders Solar keratosis Actinic keratosis Keratosis: Causes and Types Causes of Types of Keratosis: Review the cause informationfor the various types of Keratosis: Actinic keratosis Seborrheic keratosis Solar keratosis - called \"\"sun spots\"\"Keratosis pilarismore types...»Causes of Broader Categories of Keratosis: Review the causal information about the various more general categories of medical conditions: Skin conditionsmore types...»Keratosis as a symptom: Conditions listing Keratosis as a symptom may also be potential underlying causes of Keratosis. Our database lists the following as having Keratosis as a symptom of that condition: De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome Xeroderma pigmentosum Xeroderma pigmentosum, type 1Xeroderma pigmentosum, type 2Xeroderma pigmentosum, type 3Xeroderma pigmentosum, type 4Xeroderma pigmentosum, type 5Xeroderma pigmentosum, type 6Xeroderma pigmentosum, type 7Related information on causes of Keratosis: As with all medical conditions, there may be many causal factors. Further relevant information on causes of Keratosis may be found in: Contagiousness for Keratosis Genetics of Keratosis Hidden causes of Keratosis» Next page: Symptoms of Keratosis Medical Tools & Articles: Tools & Services: Bookmark this page Symptom Search Symptom Checker Medical Dictionary Medical Articles: Disease & Treatments Search Misdiagnosis Center Full list of interesting articles Forums & Message Boards Ask or answer a question at the Boards: I cannot get a diagnosis. Please help. Tell us your medical story."
},
{
"docid": "D404107#0",
"title": "https://answersingenesis.org/bible-timeline/genealogy/did-adam-and-noah-really-live-over-900-years/\nDid People Like Adam and Noah Really Live Over 900 Years of Age?",
"text": "Sign In or Sign Up English/USAnswers Store Outreach Media Kids Education Donate The New Answers Book 2 Buy Book Genealogy chart from Adams’ Chart of History Answers in Genesis Answers Bible Bible Timeline Bible Genealogy Did People Like Adam and Noah Really Live Over 900 Years of Age? Chapter 16Did People Like Adam and Noah Really Live Over 900 Years of Age?by Dr. Georgia Purdom and Dr. David Menton on May 27, 2010Also available in Español Audio Version Share: The Bible teaches quite plainly that the early patriarchs often lived to be nearly 1,000 years old and even had children when they were several hundred years old!Shop Now“Methuseleh lived 900 years . .. but these stories you’re liable to read in the Bible, they ain’t necessarily so.” 1Along with American composer George Gershwin, many people find it difficult to believe that Methuselah lived to be 969 years old. Nevertheless, the Bible teaches quite plainly that the early patriarchs often lived to be nearly 1,000 years old and even had children when they were several hundred years old! Similar claims of long life spans are found in the secular literature of several ancient cultures (including the Babylonians, Greeks, Romans, Indians, and Chinese). But even a life span of nearly 1,000 years is sadly abbreviated when we consider that God initially created us to live forever. According to the Bible, God created the first humans—Adam and Eve—without sin and with the ability to live forever. God gave the first human couple everything they needed for their eternal health and happiness in the Garden of Eden; but He warned them not to eat fruit from the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil or they would die, as indeed would all their descendants after them ( Genesis 2:16–17). When Satan’s deception prompted Eve to disobey this command and then Adam willfully disobeyed, their minds and bodies profoundly changed ( Genesis 3)."
},
{
"docid": "D2559723#0",
"title": "http://www.skincancerprevention.org/skin-cancer/risk-factors\nRisk Factors for Skin Cancer",
"text": "Home ›Risk Factors for Skin Cancer What Causes Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancer? A risk factor is anything that affects a person's chance of getting a disease such as cancer. Different cancers have different risk factors. Some risk factors, like smoking, can be controlled. Others, like a person's age or family history, can't be changed. But risk factors don't tell us everything. Having a risk factor, or even many risk factors, does not mean that you will get the disease. And many people who get the disease may not have had any known risk factors. Even if a person with basal or squamous cell skin cancer has a risk factor, it is often very hard to know what part that risk factor may have played in getting the cancer. These are risk factors for basal and squamous cell skin cancer: Ultraviolet (UV) light Sunlight is the main source of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can damage the genes in your skin cells."
},
{
"docid": "D1035048#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_syndrome\nCancer syndrome",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Familial adenomatous polyposis is a cancer syndrome where there are hundreds to thousands of benign adenomas in the colon. A cancer syndrome or family cancer syndrome is a genetic disorder in which inherited genetic mutations in one or more genes predispose the affected individuals to the development of cancers and may also cause the early onset of these cancers. Cancer syndromes often show not only a high lifetime risk of developing cancer, but also the development of multiple independent primary tumors. [ 1] Many of these syndromes are caused by mutations in tumor suppressor genes, genes that are involved in protecting the cell from turning cancerous. Other genes that may be affected are DNA repair genes, oncogenes and genes involved in the production of blood vessels ( angiogenesis ). [ 2] Common examples of inherited cancer syndromes are hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome and hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (Lynch syndrome). [ 3] [4]Contents [ hide ]1 Background2 Genetics3 Some examples3.1 Fanconi anemia3.2 Familial adenomatous polyposis3.3 Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer3.4 Hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer3.5 Hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma syndrome3.6 Li-Fraumeni syndrome3.7 MUTYH-associated polyposis3.8 Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome3.9 Von Hippel–Lindau disease3.10 Xeroderma pigmentosum4 DNA repair defects and increased cancer risk5 Genetic Screening6 Preventative actions7 Prevalence of genetic mutations in different ethnic groups8 References Background [ edit]Hereditary cancer syndromes underlie 5 to 10% of all cancers and there are over 50 identifiable hereditary forms of cancer. [ 5] Scientific understanding of cancer susceptibility syndromes is actively expanding: additional syndromes are being found, [6] the underlying biology is becoming clearer, and commercialization of diagnostic genetics methodology is improving clinical access. [ citation needed] Given the prevalence of breast and colon cancer, the most widely recognized syndromes include hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) and hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC, Lynch syndrome). [ 6]Some rare cancers are strongly associated with hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes."
},
{
"docid": "D1990563#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/56489715/genetics-chapter-15-flash-cards/\nGenetics Chapter 15",
"text": "\"53 terms o-mannnn Genetics Chapter 15Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Mutations that arise in nature, from no particular artificial agent, are called ________. spontaneous mutations Nutritional mutations can be defined as ________. those mutations that do not allow an organism to grow on minimal medium but do allow growth on complete medium Conditional mutations are more likely to result from a mutation caused by which of the following alterations to the coding region of a gene? tautomeric shift Two formal terms used to describe categories of mutational nucleotide substitutions in DNA are ________. transversions and transitions Which of the following name two mutagens that would be classified as base analogs? 5-bromouracil and 2-aminopurine A class of mutations that results in multiple contiguous amino acid changes in proteins is likely to be which of the following? frameshift Ultraviolet light causes pyrimidine dimers to form in DNA. Some individuals are genetically incapable of repairing some dimers at \"\"normal\"\" rates."
},
{
"docid": "D2419119#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclobutane\nCyclobutane",
"text": "\"Cyclobutane From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Cyclobutane Names IUPAC namecyclobutane Identifiers CAS Number287-23-03D model ( JSmol)Interactive image Chem Spider8894ECHA Info Card 100.005.468Pub Chem CID9250UNII5X619RB2CYIn Ch I [show]SMILES [show]Properties Chemical formula C 4 H 8Molar mass 56.107 g/mol Appearance Colorless gas Density 0.720 g/cm 3Melting point −91 °C (−132 °F; 182 K)Boiling point 12.5 °C (54.5 °F; 285.6 K)Related compounds Related alkane Butane Related compounds Cyclobutene; Cyclobutadiene Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 k Pa).verify ( what is ? ) Infobox references Cyclobutane is a cycloalkane and organic compound with the formula (CH 2) 4. Cyclobutane is a colourless gas and commercially available as a liquefied gas. Derivatives of cyclobutane are called cyclobutanes. Cyclobutane itself is of no commercial or biological significance, but more complex derivatives are important in biology and biotechnology. Contents [ hide ]1 Structure2 Cyclobutanes in biology and biotechnology3 Preparation4 See also5 References6 External links Structure [ edit]The bond angles between carbon atoms are significantly strained and as such have lower bond energies than related linear or unstrained hydrocarbons, e.g. butane or cyclohexane. As such, cyclobutane is unstable above about 500 °C. The four carbon atoms in cyclobutane are not coplanar, instead the ring typically adopts a folded or \"\"puckered\"\" conformation. [ 1] One of the carbon atoms makes a 25° angle with the plane formed by the other three carbons. In this way some of the eclipsing interactions are reduced."
},
{
"docid": "D2438860#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeroderma\nXeroderma",
"text": "\"Xerosis The surface of the knuckles of a hand with xeroderma Classification and external resources Specialty endocrinology, ophthalmology, dermatology ICD - 10 E50.0-E50.3, H11.1, L85.3ICD - 9-CM 264.0 - 264.3, 372.53, 706.8Diseases DB 32733Medline Plus 000835 [ edit on Wikidata]Xeroderma or xerodermia (also known as xerosis cutis [1] ), derived from the Greek words for \"\"dry skin \"\", is a condition involving the integumentary system, which in most cases can safely be treated with emollients or moisturizers. Xeroderma occurs most commonly on the scalp, lower legs, arms, hands, the knuckles, the sides of the abdomen, and thighs. Symptoms most associated with xeroderma are scaling (the visible peeling of the outer skin layer), itching, and skin cracking. [ 2]Contents [ hide ]1 Common causes2 Prevention3 Cure3.1 Safety4 See also5 References6 External links Common causes [ edit]Xeroderma is a very common condition. It happens more often in the winter when the cold air outside and the hot air inside creates a low relative humidity. This causes the skin to lose moisture and it may crack and peel. Bathing or hand washing too frequently, especially if one is using harsh soaps, can contribute to xeroderma. Xeroderma can be caused by a deficiency of vitamin A, vitamin D, systemic illness, severe sunburn, or some medication. [ 3] Xeroderma can be caused by choline inhibitors. Detergents such as washing powder and dishwashing liquid can cause xeroderma. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1520053#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progeroid_syndromes\nProgeroid syndromes",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Premature aging\"\" redirects here. For aging in general, see Senescence. Progeroid syndromes ( PS) are a group of rare genetic disorders which mimic physiological aging, making affected individuals appear to be older than they are. [ 1] [2] The term progeroid syndrome does not necessarily imply progeria ( Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome ), which is a specific type of progeroid syndrome. Progeroid means \"\"resembling premature aging\"\", a definition that can apply to a broad range of diseases. Familial Alzheimer's disease and familial Parkinson's disease are two well-known accelerated-aging diseases that are more frequent in older individuals. They affect only one tissue and can be classified as unimodal progeroid syndromes. Segmental progeria, which is more frequently associated with the term progeroid syndrome, tends to affect multiple or all tissues while causing affected individuals to exhibit only some of the features associated with aging. All disorders within this group are thought to be monogenic, [3] meaning they arise from mutations of a single gene. Most known PS are due to genetic mutations that lead to either defects in the DNA repair mechanism or defects in lamin A/C. Examples of PS include Werner syndrome (WS), Bloom syndrome (BS), Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), Cockayne syndrome (CS), xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), trichothiodystrophy (TTD), combined xeroderma pigmentosum - Cockayne syndrome (XP-CS), restrictive dermopathy (RD), and Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS)."
},
{
"docid": "D634724#0",
"title": "http://www.cancerindex.org/geneweb/Bloom_Syndrome.html\nNeoplastic Cell Transformation RMI1 Cell Division Sister Chromatid Exchange Genetic Recombination Cell Line DNA RepairCultured Cells Chromosome Disorders RecQ Helicases Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins DNA Sequence Analysis Fanconi Anaemia Fibroblasts Karyotyping Genetic Crossing Over Genomic Instability DNA Helicases Adolescents Tumor Suppressor Proteins Genetic Predisposition BLMBloom SyndromeHerpesvirus 4, Human Adenosine Triphosphatases Heterozygote Phenotype Chromosome Banding Childhood Cancer Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases Mutation Oncogenes Cell Transformation, Viral Chromosome Aberrations B-Lymphocytes DNA Damage Cell Cycle Ataxia-telangiectasia DNA Replication Xeroderma Pigmentosum Cockayne Syndrome WRN",
"text": "Mutated Genes and Abnormal Protein Expression (4)Clicking on the Gene or Topic will take you to a separate more detailed page. Sort this list by clicking on a column heading e.g. 'Gene' or 'Topic'. Show entries Search: Gene Location Aliases Notes Topic Papers BLM15q26.1BS, RECQ2, RECQL2, RECQL3Germline - BLM mutations in Bloom Syndrome417WRN8p12RECQ3, RECQL2, RECQL3- WRN and Bloom Syndrome9RMI19q21.32BLAP75, FAAP75, C9orf76- RMI1 and Bloom Syndrome3RMI216p13.13BLAP18, C16orf75- RMI2 and Bloom Syndrome2Showing 1 to 4 of 4 entries Previous 1 Next Note: list is not exhaustive. Number of papers are based on searches of Pub Med (click on topic title for arbitrary criteria used)."
},
{
"docid": "D1165737#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockayne_syndrome\nCockayne syndrome",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Cockayne (disambiguation). Cocaine syndrome redirects here as a possible misspelling. Or see cocaine. Cockayne syndrome Specialty medical genetics [ edit on Wikidata]Cockayne syndrome ( CS ), also called Neill-Dingwall syndrome, is a rare and fatal autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by growth failure, impaired development of the nervous system, abnormal sensitivity to sunlight ( photosensitivity ), eye disorders and premature aging. [ 1] [2] [3] Failure to thrive and neurological disorders are criteria for diagnosis, while photosensitivity, hearing loss, eye abnormalities, and cavities are other very common features. [ 3] Problems with any or all of the internal organs are possible. It is associated with a group of disorders called leukodystrophies, which are conditions characterized by degradation of neurological white matter. The underlying disorder is a defect in a DNA repair mechanism. [ 4] Unlike other defects of DNA repair, patients with CS are not predisposed to cancer or infection. [ 5] Cockayne syndrome is a rare but destructive disease usually resulting in death within the first or second decade of life."
},
{
"docid": "D1841972#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/20927476/dna-replication-and-repair-flash-cards/\nDNA replication and repair",
"text": "\"23 terms Afro Jay Thunder DNA replication and repair Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort THe similarities between prokaryote and eurkaryote replication *semi-conservative replication - 1old & 1new strand in the daughter cell *Bidirectional repliction - The replication goes both ways Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes *Prokaryotes - circular DNA - single origin of replication - final product is two circular DNA´s *Eukaryotes - Linear DNA - multiple origins of replication - final product is two sister chromatides - Has telomeres at its 4 ends. Acts as a buffer as the cell age, making the DNA shorter and shorter Telomerase An enzyme which ads DNA sequence repeats to telomeres - only found in germ cells and in tumor cells - thus associated with oncogenesis of cells P-arm and Q-arm P-arm - the shortest Q-arm - the longest, with most bands DNA Polymerase *Always reads 3->5, while the product is always synthezised in the 5->3prime direction - thus the DNA strand is growing in a anitparallell and complimentary fashion * Needs a RNA primer added to the 3´end to begin; synthesised by Primase * has proofreading activity done by 3-5 exonuclease activity * High-fidelity DNA synthesis RNA polymerase * Uses its own RNA as a primer * Has no proofreading activity. Incorrect base pairs present * Low-fidelity RNA synthesis Comparison of DNA and RNA *Required template - DNA -> d NMP - RNA -> NMP * Required primer - DNA -> RNA (0.01% its DNA) - RNA -> none Replication fork * DNA helicase creates first Origin \"\"bubble\"\" * replication fork moves bidirectionally Leading strand * reads from 3prime to 5 prime * synthesis from 5prime to 3 prime Lagging strand * discontinous synthesis. Has to made in short segments * goes away from replication fork * Okazaki fragments DNA polymerase and RNAase *RNAase H (5 exoribonuclease activity) digests the RNA primer *DNA polymerase (alpha or delta) extends the fragment 1 to fill in the gap * The gap is connected by a phosphodiesterbond by DNA ligase * Prokaryotic cells only have DNA polymerase III, which does both the jobs of RNAase and DNA polymerase Topoisomerase * Regulates the overwinding or underwinding of DNA. It releaves the tension created during replication * It does this by cutting the phosphate backbone, releasing tension, and then reasembling them again Single stranded DNA binding protein * SSB Protects and stabilises the DNA strands after Helicase has cut them open Steps involved in DNA replication (in prokaryotes and eukaryotes) by proteins - Part 1 * DNA polymerase III in prokaryotes Steps involved in DNA replication (in prokaryotes and eukaryotes) by proteins - Part 2 * Removal of RNA primers - DNA polymerase I in Prokaryote - RNAse H in Ekaryotic cells * Replacement of RNA with DNA - In prokaryotes -> DNA polymerase I - In eukaryotes -> unknown : D * Removal of Supercoils - in prokaryotes -> DNA gyrase - in eukaryotes -> DNA topoisomerase II - Inhibition of these enzymes, Important in destruction of bacteria DNA damage types * Thymine dimer (G1) damage * Mismatched base (G2) damage * Cytosine deamination G1 damage Thymine dimer damage * due to UV radiation - causes adjacent thymine (pyrimidine) dimers to bond to each other - causes mutation or trunkation next time the cell replicates * Recognised by Excision endonuclease - which clips out the \"\"lesion\"\" and puts in a new one - Deficiency causes Xeroderma Pigmentosum * Repaired by DNA polymerase and DNA ligase * happens during G1 phase Mismatched base damage - due to replication error - Mistakes are recognised by gene h MSH2 and h MLH1, mutation in these causes Hereditary nonpyloposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), also called Lynch syndrome - Repaired by DNA polymerase and DNA ligase - Happens during G2 phase Cytosine deamination damage - Can happen spontaneously or be due too heat - Will convert Cytosine into Uracil - Recognised by Uracil glycosylase (cleaves the sugar) and AP (apyrimidininc) endonuclease cleaves the phosphodiesterbond - Repaired by DNA polymerase and DNA ligase - important in G1 phase - if not repaired, G1 phase will be arrested by p53 and Rb Xeroderma Pigmentosum *Caused by deficiency of of Excision endonucleases in Thymine dimer damage * Causes - Extreme UV sensititvity (pale patient) - Excessive fre ckling - Multiple Skin cancers - Corneal Ulcerations DNA ligase Reforms the very last phosphodiesterbond too seal in some sort of nick Genes that controll entry into S-phase *Rb (retnoblastoma) *p53 - Tumor suppressor - can induce apoptosis - Deficiency causes Li-Fraumeni syndrome (many solid tumors) - can be blocked by Hepatatis B and human pampillona virus, causing cancer * removes mutation occuring in G1 phase before the cell enters S-phase Microsatalitte instability *Is a irregular number of di and tri-nucleotides (microsatallites) from one cell to another * due to fault in mismatched base repair system; genes h MSH2 and h MLH1 * also called Lynch syndrome Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Features Quizlet Live Quizlet Learn Diagrams Flashcards Mobile Help Sign up Help Center Honor Code Community Guidelines Students Teachers About Company Press Jobs Privacy Terms Follow us Language© 2018 Quizlet Inc. \""
},
{
"docid": "D669746#0",
"title": "http://www.medicinenet.com/sunburn_and_sun_poisoning/page3.htm\nSunburn (Sun Poisoning) Symptoms, Pain Relief, and Healing Time",
"text": "\"Sunburn (Sun Poisoning) Symptoms, Pain Relief, and Healing Time Center Adult Skin Problems Slideshow Quiz: Is Ringworm Contagious? Gallery of Skin Problems Pictures Summer Skin Hazards FAQs Patient Comments: Sunburn - Experience Patient Comments: Sunburn - Symptoms Patient Comments: Sunburn - Home Remedies Find a local Dermatologist in your town Sunburn and sun poisoning definition and facts What is a sunburn? Which radiation waves from the sun cause skin damage? Pictures of sunburns, blisters, and peeling skin Can sunburns cause skin cancer or other skin problems? How can you tell if you have a mild or moderate sunburn (symptoms)? How can you tell if you have a severe sunburn or sun poisoning (symptoms)? What causes the skin to tan? When to call a doctor for a moderate or severe sunburn What natural home remedies provide sunburn relief fast? Home remedies for blisters What medications are used for the treatment of a sunburn? What type of skin type is most susceptible to sunburn?"
},
{
"docid": "D2123981#0",
"title": "https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/ch-12-gene-mutation/deck/14438493\nCh 12 Gene Mutation",
"text": "\"Individuals with ______ develop numerous skin cancers when exposed to sunlight. Cockayne syndrome Ataxia telangiectasis (AT)Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP)Werner syndrome Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) A mutation that changes the codon GAA to UAA is a ______ mutation. Nonsense Truncation Framshift Missense Viralnonsense UAA is a stop codon Which disease is the result of a somatic mutation? Neurofibromatosis Down syndrome Bird flu Retinoblastoma Huntington's disease Retinoblastoma. Which of the following is not a transversion? G → CT → GT → AA → TC → TC → Ta tranversion is when a purine replaces a pyrimidine or vice versa (A or G to T or C). Which of the following disorders does not involve faulty DNA repair? Xeroderma pigmentosum Trichothiodystrophy Ataxia telangiectasis Marfan syndrome Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer Marfan syndrome The best test of the mutagenic potential of a substance would be: The Ames test A family pedigree Karyotype analysis Beryllium screening Ames test Estimates of spontaneous or de novo, mutation rates are made using dominant disorders because: They will never be detected They can be identified by DNA sequencing All of These They are often obvious in the phenotype They will not affect offspring A mutation expressed only under certain conditions is: Conditional Germinal The worst kind Somatic De novo A nonfunctional gene near a similar but functional gene is called a (n): Expanded gene Transposon Phenocopy Autosome Pseudogene Which of the following is a transition mutation? A → GA → TGG → CCACC → CCAHow do a mutation and a SNP differ? Distinguish between a germline and a somatic mutation."
},
{
"docid": "D1513029#0",
"title": "http://www.knowcancer.com/oncology/melanocytic-nevus/\nMelanocytic Nevus",
"text": "Melanocytic Nevus Melanocytic nevus is a form of skin lesion that appears within the first two decades of life. It originates in the melanocytes (the pigment producing cells) that colonize the epidermis. This disease can appear underneath the skin or on the skin’s surface. Melanocytic nevus is related to common birthmarks and they can appear to be a simple beauty mark. These growths are pinkish to brown in coloration and they are less than a centimeter thick. Melanocytic nevi tend to multiply throughout an individual’s life. This multiplication peaks in the third or fourth decade of life. Although melanocytic nevus is not contagious or life threatening to the patient, treatment immediately upon diagnosis is highly advised. Risk Factors Risk factors associated with melanocytic nevus include: Number: Having 100 or more moles drastically increases your chances of developing melanocytic nevus. Family History: Most patients that develop melanocytic nevus have a parent or sibling with the disorder."
},
{
"docid": "D1327215#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_editing\nGenome editing",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Genome editing, or genome engineering is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, deleted, modified or replaced in the genome of a living organism. In 2018, the common methods for such editing use engineered nucleases, or \"\"molecular scissors\"\". These nucleases create site-specific double-strand breaks (DSBs) at desired locations in the genome. The induced double-strand breaks are repaired through nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR), resulting in targeted mutations ('edits'). As of 2015 four families of engineered nucleases were used: meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector-based nucleases (TALEN), and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats ( CRISPR /Cas9) system. [ 1] [2] [3] [4] Nine genome editors were available as of 2017. [ 5]Genome editing with engineered nucleases, ie all three major classes of these enzymes--zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and engineered meganucleases--were selected by Nature Methods as the 2011 Method of the Year. [ 6] The CRISPR-Cas system was selected by Science as 2015 Breakthrough of the Year. [ 7]Contents [ hide ]1 Background2 Double stranded breaks2.1 Site-specific double stranded breaks3 Engineered nucleases3.1 Meganuclease-based engineering3.2 Zinc finger nuclease-based engineering4 Precision and efficiency of engineered nucleases5 Multiplex Automated Genomic Engineering (MAGE)6 Applications6.1 Targeted gene modification in plants6.2 Gene therapy6.3 Eradicating diseases7 Prospects and limitations7.1 Human enhancement8 Risks9 See also10 References11 Further reading Background [ edit]A common approach in modern biological research is to modify the DNA sequence ( genotype) of an organism (or a single cell) and observe the impact of this change on the organism ( phenotype ). This approach is called reverse genetics and its significance for modern biology lies in its relative simplicity."
}
] |
8585 | you are a forensic document examiner. what does your job entail? | [
{
"docid": "D1776663#0",
"title": "http://study.com/articles/Certified_Forensic_Document_Examiner_Job_Description_and_Requirements.html\nCertified Forensic Document Examiner: Job Description and Requirements",
"text": "Certified Forensic Document Examiner: Job Description and Requirements Learn about the education and preparation needed to become a certified forensic document examiner. Get a quick view of the requirements as well as details about training, job duties and certification requirements to find out if this is the career for you. Show Me Schools View 10 Popular Schools »Certified forensic document examiners often possess a bachelor's degree, and become certified by accruing years of experience, passing designated exams, and going through training programs. They need a sharp eye for detail and the ability to remain unbiased as they look over evidence. Essential Information A certified forensic document examiner, which is a specific type of forensic science technician, verifies whether specific documents have been altered or forged, often testifying in court trials about their findings. They are typically hired by government or law officials and must pass oral and written exams to become certified. Most certification programs require that an applicant have a college degree. Several groups offer certification, and requirements may include an intensive training program in forensic document examination or experience in the field. Required Education Bachelor's degree often required Certification Requirements Training program or experience required; applicants must pass written and oral examinations Projected Job Growth (2014-2024) 27%* (Forensic science technicians)Median Salary (2015) $56,320* (Forensic science technicians)Source: *U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Certified Forensic Document Examiner Job Description The main role of a certified forensic document examiner is to investigate the reliability of a specific text, including checks, contracts, deeds, or medical records."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2626409#0",
"title": "http://www.worldwidelearn.com/online-education-guide/criminal-justice/crime-scene-investigation-major.htm\nWhat Does it Mean to Study Crime Scene Investigation?",
"text": "Tweet What Does it Mean to Study Crime Scene Investigation? Crime scene investigation is one of the most challenging fields in today's job market. Crime scene investigators are often the first people on the scene after a crime has been reported. These professionals are given the responsibility of securing the crime scene and collecting information that can be essential to criminal convictions. It's fascinating work that is ever-changing, but it requires an exceptionally focused mindset and the ability to separate one's emotions from one's work. Crime scene investigators and forensic scientists must: Collect and preserve material evidence found at the crime scene Measure, record and analyze chemical substances, tissue samples, physical materials, and ballistics evidence using advanced equipment Analyze laboratory findings and test results to classify evidence collected at the crime Confer with experts in fingerprinting, ballistics, documents, handwriting, electronics, medicine, chemistry, or metallurgy to interpret evidence Reconstruct crime scenes Prepare presentations and reports of findings (including investigation methods and laboratory techniques)Testify as a witness in trials or hearings Types of Crime Scene Investigation Degrees Careers in crime scene investigation generally require an associate or bachelor's degree in crime scene forensics, criminal justice, forensic science or a related field. Students may also need to earn state licensure or specialized certification for a particular concentration in their field. So when you're setting out to get your degree, license or certification, spend some time thinking about your ultimate career goals. Is there a particular type of crime you'd like to specialize in investigating, or a particular state in which you want to practice? Be sure to find out exactly what the requirements are in your area."
},
{
"docid": "D3282095#0",
"title": "http://www.academia.edu/5468539/Forensic_Linguistics_An_Overview_of_the_Intersection_and_Interaction_of_Language_and_Law\nForensic Linguistics: An Overview of the Intersection and Interaction of Language and Law",
"text": "pdf Forensic Linguistics: An Overview of the Intersection and Interaction of Language and Law9 Pages Forensic Linguistics: An Overview of the Intersection and Interaction of Language and Law Uploaded by Maite Correa Files1 of 2connect to download Get pdf Forensic Linguistics: An Overview of the Intersection and Interaction of Language and Law Download ISSN 1648-2824 KALBŲ STUDIJOS. 2013. 23 NR. * STUDIES ABOUT LANGUAGES. 2013. NO. 23 KALBOTYRA / LINGUISTICS Forensic Linguistics: An Overview of the Intersection and Interaction of Language and Law Maite Correa http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.0.23.5020 Abstract. Forensic Linguistics (FL) is a relatively new subfield within applied linguistics that studies the different intersections between language and the legal field, which is heavily linguistic by nature. In order to have a fair, legal and effective procedure, anyone involved in a legal process (lawyers, judges, police officers, members of a jury, etc.) benefits from possessing a certain awareness of linguistic principles."
},
{
"docid": "D373779#0",
"title": "https://www.learnhowtobecome.org/accountant/\nHow to Become an Accountant: Accounting Degrees & Careers",
"text": "Becoming an accountant requires advanced education, formal certification and a firm commitment to learning the trade. Along the way, prospective accountants need to answer a number of questions: Do I possess the qualities needed to become an accountant or CPA? Can I start a successful career after four years of college or do I need to earn a master’s degree? Should I work for a large corporation or firm, or would I be better off on my own? This comprehensive guide is designed to be a resource for individuals interested in a career as an accountant or CPA. Included are an explanation of what accountants do, a description accounting degrees, and a list of suggested steps one might take to get started. Search Accounting Degree Programs How to Become an Accountant Step 1 Earn the Right Degree Although not required, most accountants attend college and earn a bachelor’s degree. However, a bachelor’s degree in accounting or a related field is considered the minimum education requirement for those who plan to become a CPA. Some states even require advanced coursework beyond the normal bachelor’s degree in subjects such as financial reporting, taxes, auditing and other non- accounting business areas. A total of 150 credit hours in accounting and related areas are commonly needed."
},
{
"docid": "D1597041#0",
"title": "https://www.abfde.org/fde.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Frequently Asked Questions What do \"\"forensic science and \"\"forensic document examination\"\" mean? How can forensic document examiners help attorneys and law enforcement officers? What kind of education does it take to become a document examiner? Has a competent document examiner received specialized training? What do you mean when you say you \"\"certify\"\" document examiners? Is graphology the same as forensic document examination? Where can you find a qualified forensic document examiner? How can I make sure my witness is really an expert? What do the terms \"\"forensic science and \"\"forensic document examination\"\" mean? Forensic science is the application of various sciences to the law."
},
{
"docid": "D2832742#0",
"title": "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-happens-during-an-autopsy.htm\nWhat Happens During an Autopsy?",
"text": "The term “autopsy,” meaning “to see for oneself,” has been in use in reference to determining cause of death by examining a body since 1678. In any instance of a suspicious or violent death, an autopsy is performed to determine the precise cause of death and to collect evidence that may be found in or on the body, such as fibers, fingerprints, bullets, and toxins. In some cases, this examination is required, while in other instances, hospital personnel may ask a family if they would like one. In instances where it is optional, it can still be revealing and may provide important information for other family members, such as evidence of a genetic illness that should be addressed. A physician called a forensic pathologist oversees an autopsy. The process starts with a thorough exterior examination of the body. X-rays are taken and the body is photographed extensively, while the presiding pathologist makes notes about any distinguishing features on the body and any visible injuries. Sometimes, the cause of death is readily apparent during this examination, as might be the case with someone who was decapitated, but the internal examination of the body is also important. After the exterior of the body has been meticulously documented, the forensic pathologist makes a Y-shaped incision in the body's chest and opens the rib cage with a Stryker saw, a specialized saw that will cut through bone but not soft tissue. The major organs of the body, such as the heart, liver, lungs, and stomach, are removed for examination, and small samples are taken for lab inspection."
},
{
"docid": "D1776666#0",
"title": "http://www.forensicdocexaminer.com/\nForensic Document & Handwriting Analysis",
"text": "Forensic Document & Handwriting Analysis Linda L Mitchell- Handwriting Expert & Forensic Document Examiner in San Diego Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 1:23Do you have a case that requires professional analysis by a Certified Questioned Document Examiner. Perhaps you suspect that someone has signed your name to a document, or unfamiliar changes were made to important papers. Besides identifying handwriting, a forensic document examiner, sometimes referred to as a Questioned Document Examiner (QDE), does much more. A document contains all kinds of information that could be helpful for your case. I can determine such things as whether there have been alterations made and whether the document is original. An examination can also include deciphering obliterated writing or erasures and developing indented writing that would otherwise be invisible, among many other things. My state-of-the-art laboratory is well equipped to handle a full range of non-destructive exams required. Don’t hesitate to call me any time if you have questions about my services. You are welcome to contact me at 888-760-0339."
},
{
"docid": "D989099#0",
"title": "http://www.registerednursern.com/forensic-nursing-what-is-forensic-nursing/\nForensic Nursing | What is Forensic Nursing?",
"text": "Forensic Nursing | What is Forensic Nursing? What is a forensic nurse? A forensic nurse provides specialized care to an unique population of patients who have experienced some type of abuse. The victims who endure abuse (whether physical or sexual etc) depend on the skills of a forensic nurse to help care and comfort them in a dire time of need. The psychological, social, and physical trauma that a victim endures during an assault and abuse requires special skills of a trained professional, such as a forensic nurse. A forensic nurse is very important to the anti-violence efforts of the world. A forensic nurse has extensive knowledge in evidence collection and the legal system, providing expert medical testimony in court, and offering consultation services to the authorities. The skill set of a forensic nurse also include documenting patient’s evidence, collection of evidence, evaluating the scope and nature of a patient’s injuries, and storage of physical and biological evidence. Forensic nurses most often work with patients who are victims of sexual assault. There are many types of forensic nurses."
},
{
"docid": "D2928201#0",
"title": "http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/post-mortem/things-to-know/forensic-pathologists.html\nForensic Pathologists: The Death Detectives",
"text": "\"Home / Watch Online The Real CSI Second Chances Map: Death in America Things to Know Interviews0Tweet Forensic Pathologists: The Death Detectives They specialize in determining the causes of sudden, unexpected or violent deaths. But according to the National Academy of Sciences, the U. S. is facing a critical shortage of these professionals. When the National Academy of Sciences released its 2009 report on death investigation in America, it estimated that fewer than 500 physicians nationwide were practicing forensic pathology full-time -- not nearly enough, the blue ribbon panel suggested, to meet the country's health or criminal justice needs. With roughly 500,000 deaths per year referred to a coroner or medical examiner for preliminary investigation, the National Association of Medical Examiners says twice that number of forensic pathologists is needed to provide competent service and ensure that pathologists are not performing more than the 250 to 350 autopsies per year its guidelines recommend. What does a forensic pathologist do? According to the College of American Pathologists, forensic pathologists are experts in investigating and evaluating cases of sudden, unexpected, suspicious and violent death, as well as other specific classes of death defined by state laws. Most serve the public as a coroner or a medical examiner, or by performing autopsies for those officials. Others are in private practice, and may also work as contract pathologists on a fee-for-service basis. Why So Few? Like most medical subspecialties, forensic pathology takes years of training -- typically, four years of medical school, followed by three to four years of training in anatomical or clinical pathology."
},
{
"docid": "D1419519#0",
"title": "http://www.excite.com/education/criminal-justice/forensics/associate\nAssociates Degree in Forensic Science",
"text": "\"Associates Degree in Forensic Science Forensic science is a fast-growing field in the law enforcement sector. With the advancement of technology, scientific principles are now being used to analyze crime scenes and determine the chain of events and elements that were involved in it. Popular TV serials such as CSI have also added to the fascination with forensic science, attracting a large number of individuals into the industry. In 2012, there were approximately 12,900 employed forensic science technicians according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Featured Schools Azusa Pacific's University College - Accredited and flexible degree programs for adult students Visit Site You have goals. Southern New Hampshire University can help you get there!Visit Site���`I�%&/m� {J�J��t��`$ؐ@�������i G#)�*��e Ve]f@�흼�� {���� {����;�N'���?\\fdl��J�ɞ!���?~|? \"\" ~��7N��O�J��a���ڻ?�]f��GG�����,�o�:/?��i�˼��9 i^���}���i���E��tݴ�b L����*���j��f��D��EC�뭏�*�}4JWUӾ.~�����l�;��x��z#�� {�|���E�����;�/v�������ꋼM? KWYM����i��<�=���Q��_Ϫ�z1��~K/�����X�3Lx��t ST�����ҏl���_�S�ˤ�]���UY~;/.����E^�i@#�o�_N� [���`%������f�$��bi��g>N?�z�}�#t�D~U^谛'@��|���מ��������� {����ٗϟ�]��h���������.9}�2]��~�g�X�z������_�4��������� of��EYdm� {��x����� {��7��fh����������_��8 [6m����������s���͛��l�����Ū�q}^W��%>��e {� {��ɿM��ܽ;�E���b5&�K�פj X���٪ u2��f E�Oۻ7a Z�5_T�����g'����W��}J$�ٗ�g�t�B ����,� \\�w�_��������M/��|��٢Imn��ߟ~ɍ :\"\"�}~�8���4_N��_�:�Y��D������Ř&�8�8�� _��Um݇��? ��V-_y Mi��\\U���\"\"�߮K� �j�\\��. � [���w����`�W���Ȧ����� �R�������>���7��F8&����-ca���`�͍1�q�Z���ɼ (g [�ǝ�8��͏g�%;�J �\\����#g�t�M��컬|�L� {G��>.����."
},
{
"docid": "D431639#0",
"title": "https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/careers/college-to-career/chemistry-careers/forensic-chemistry.html\nChemists in the Field",
"text": "Chemists in the Field Jared Roop Criminalist specializing in toxicology, Missouri State Highway Patrol Leah Nemetz Special Agent, U. S. Federal Bureau of Investigation Forensic Chemists All Chemists Overview A mysterious white powder, a blood smear, and a moldy ham sandwich—completely unrelated items to most. But they could be meaningful for forensic chemists, who analyze physical evidence and samples for clues to solve crimes. Television shows such as Bones, CSI, and Dexter have glamorized forensic scientists and made the field more popular, so competition can be intense. However, if you have a strong desire to shape the world of justice by using science to solve crime puzzles, then a career in forensic science could be worth pursuing. Education A strong background in chemistry and instrumental analysis and a good grounding in criminalistics are vital. An undergraduate degree in forensic science or a natural science is required for work in crime laboratories, with extensive coursework in mathematics, chemistry, and biology. More advanced positions, such as lab managers and supervisors, might require a master’s degree. A Ph. D. is often preferred for advancement to positions such as lab director, but it is required for forensic research positions at academic institutions. Those interested in working with trace evidence, such as glass, hairs, and gunshot residue, should focus on instrumentation skills and take courses in geology, soil chemistry, and materials science."
},
{
"docid": "D3362681#0",
"title": "http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-investigation-and-vs-interrogation/\nDifference Between Investigation and Interrogation",
"text": "\"Difference Between Investigation and Interrogation Posted on March 28, 2015 by admin Last updated on: March 28, 2015Investigation vs Interrogation Though the fans of detective shows are well acquainted with the terms investigation and interrogation, if someone asks them to tell the difference between investigation and interrogation, they may draw a blank. This is particularly because, the two words sound similar and, although some of us might have a basic understanding of each term, there is room for confusion. However, there is a difference between investigation and interrogation in the nature of each term. In fact, interrogation falls within the purview of investigation and constitutes one component of an investigation. Let’s examine their definitions in order to distinguish the two terms. What is Investigation? The dictionary defines the term investigation as the action of investigating something or someone, the process of investigating, or the systematic inquiry or examination conducted in order to discover facts. In law, particularly in the criminal justice process, it is defined as the study of facts used to identify, search and prove the guilt of an offender or criminal. An investigation is thus a process, one which closely studies or examines a crime scene or gathered evidence, and analyses and determines the motives and methods of the suspected offenders. This is executed through a variety of tasks; namely, questioning witnesses, interrogating suspects, employing new scientific techniques by way of forensic examination, searching premises, and examining financial and other related documents."
},
{
"docid": "D3063816#0",
"title": "http://www.buzzle.com/articles/what-is-the-difference-between-a-coroner-and-a-medical-examiner.html\nWhat is the Difference Between a Coroner and a Medical Examiner",
"text": "What is the Difference Between a Coroner and a Medical Examiner In this article we'll find out the differences between the job descriptions of a coroner and a medical examiner, and see how using these terms interchangeably is not the right practice. A coroner and a medical examiner, both have jobs closely dealing with death, so it is a common mistake to confuse the two. But there is a vast difference in their jobs. A coroner usually carries out other jobs too, in case he is required to do so. He doubles up as the sheriff in the state of Georgia and can carry out arrest warrants, while in Kentucky they are permitted to carry firearms since they are vested with the authority of peace officers by the state. It all varies from state to state and can get really confusing! Here is a brief article to diffuse that confusion, and help you differentiate between a coroner and a medical examiner. In the United States, the definition of a coroner and a medical examiner varies from county to county. Some counties/ jurisdictions, require the coroner to be a physician, while others do not really require him to have any related qualifications for the job. But in all places, the medical examiner is required to be a trained medical person - either a physician, and if the rules are stricter, then a forensic pathologist, or at least a pathologist."
},
{
"docid": "D2793988#0",
"title": "http://oag.ca.gov/careers/civil\nGetting A State Job",
"text": "\"Getting A State Job Home Careers Getting A State Job In order to gain employment with the California Office of the Attorney General, Department of Justice (DOJ), you must follow several steps, in accordance with the California State Civil Service process. These steps are as follows: Examination Becoming reachable on a list Locating a vacant position Participating in a hiring interview Passing Medical Examinations (if required)Pass a pre-employment drug test (if required)Pass a background clearance Complete probationary period Each of these steps are explained in more detail below. Obtaining employment with DOJ through methods other than the examination process (e.g., transfers or reinstatements), may require steps not identified in this section. Take the examination – To enter state service you must first pass an open competitive examination. Your score on the exam will be ranked compared to how others did on the same exam. Permanent hires are made from the eligible lists created through the examination process (see Step 2). To participate in this process, follow these steps: Exam Bulletins. Obtain an exam bulletin which specifies 1) how, where, and when to file for an exam for a particular classification, and 2) the minimum qualifications (requirements) you must meet to participate in the exam. If you wish to find out more about a particular classification, go to the State Personnel Board (SPB) website. Exam bulletins for some classifications used by DOJ are available from this website in the Examinations section."
},
{
"docid": "D195747#0",
"title": "http://www.excite.com/education/criminal-justice/forensics/careers/how-to-become-a-forensic-scientist\nHow to Become A Forensic Scientist",
"text": "How to Become A Forensic Scientist Types of Forensic Science Degree Programs Forensic science or forensics involves the application of various fields of science to investigate legal issues. It is a diverse field so it gives students a lot of options to choose from. Choosing a field of specialization at the beginning of the program can help you with preparing yourself for a particular career path in forensics. Some of the major subfields of forensic science are forensic pathology, forensic dentistry, forensic psychology, forensic etymology, forensic analysis and forensic accounting. You can even start preparing yourself for a career in forensic science at an early stage in education by studying various science courses such as physics and chemistry and becoming comfortable with college level mathematics and calculus. Featured Schools The following are some of the popular branches of forensic science: Forensic technician: Forensic technicians collect and analyze data from the crime scenes. Forensic Accounting: Forensic accountants interpret the financial evidence involved in the crime. Forensic anthropology: Forensic anthropologists apply physical anthropology to investigate the evidence from human remains or skeletons. Forensic astronomy: Forensic astronomists analyze a criminal data on the basis of information from the past constellations. Forensic chemistry: Forensic chemists can do a lot of different types of investigations like analyzing residues from a gun shot or bomb blast or identification of use of illegal drugs etc."
},
{
"docid": "D3049695#0",
"title": "http://jobdescriptionandresumeexamples.com/how-to-become-a-forensic-investigator/\nHow To Become A Forensic Investigator",
"text": "How To Become A Forensic Investigator Becoming a forensic investigator starts with interest in crime fighting. How To Become A Forensic Investigator If you have interest in fighting crime, then becoming a forensic investigator will be exciting. This post will guide you to getting into the career, but first know that the training that qualifies you to become a forensic investigator is called forensic science. Who is a Forensic Investigator? ( Career Summary)Forensic investigators are basically trained personnel that aid in criminal investigation by gathering and looking at evidence from crime scene to enable law enforcement officers and the justice system determine who is guilty. These investigators go by many names according to the environment or agency they find themselves; from being referred to as crime scene analysts, to forensic technician, or even the popularly called crime scene investigators. They usually are made up of police officers, and many can even be seen attached to the police station on a full time basis, although recently, civilians are being trained in, and given the opportunity to serve a such experts, with a scientific inclination, rather than law enforcement. To become a Forensic Investigator, you need to first:learn all you can about the job Prepare to meet the full requirements of the job Apply for the job after meeting the requirements The final stage is to train and continue to train. The job requires an up to date skill at every level, and so training is very essential Educational Requirements for Becoming a Forensic Investigator Academic training: The forensic investigator career begins with an Associate degree from a technical school, or a Bachelors degree from a college approved by the criminal justice department of the state where the school is situated. You will be expected to take most of your courses in forensics and crime scene investigations, and at the end of the program, you will be awarded a degree in forensic science and crime scene investigations."
},
{
"docid": "D1933500#0",
"title": "http://www.science.utep.edu/forensicscience/index.php/2014-06-06-20-32-42/forensic-faq\nForensic Science FAQs",
"text": "\"Forensic Science FAQs Q: What is Forensic Science? A: Forensic science the application of science to those criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system. A forensic scientist analyzes physical evidence and gives written information and/or expert testimony in a court of law. There are many disciplines and career paths within forensic science. Q: What does a forensic scientist do? A: Many forensic scientists work in crime laboratories. For example, a forensic biologist usually specializes in DNA analysis or continues to medical school to pursue a career as a medical examiner, a forensic chemist analyzes non-biological trace evidence found at crime scenes in order to identify unknown materials and match samples to known substances. A forensic geologist applies soil analysis to crime investigations, and forensic physicist works with trajectories. Q: What are the other specialized forensic science careers outside the crime laboratory? A: Forensic pathology, forensic anthropology, forensic entomology, forensic psychiatry, forensic odontology, forensic engineering and so on."
},
{
"docid": "D1955911#0",
"title": "https://www.ukessays.com/essays/criminology/what-is-a-crime-scene-investigation-criminology-essay.php\nWhat Is A Crime Scene Investigation",
"text": "What Is A Crime Scene Investigation Print Reference this Published: 23rd March, 2015Disclaimer: This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UK Essays. The roles and duties of police officers as first responders crime scene investigators as truth seekers are very important. Actions taken at the beginning of an investigation at a crime scene play a vital role in solving a case. Careful and thorough investigation is the key to ensure that potential physical evidence is not tainted or destroyed or potential witnesses are not overlooked (Reno, 2000). An important factor influencing the ultimate legal significance of evidence is that investigators follow an objective, thorough, and thoughtful approach. The goal of this process is to recognize and preserve physical evidence that will yield reliable information to aid in the investigation. Three main components of an investigation are: physical evidence, interviewing and interrogation (Summerfield, 2005). Key words: Police officers, investigations, potential evidence, physical evidence, crime scene, truth seekers, roles, duties, Fourth Amendment Rights What Is A Crime Scene Investigation?"
},
{
"docid": "D169716#0",
"title": "https://forensiccontrol.com/resources/beginners-guide-computer-forensics/\nIntroduction to computer forensics",
"text": "Introduction to computer forensics Computer forensics is the practice of collecting, analysing and reporting on digital data in a way that is legally admissible. It can be used in the detection and prevention of crime and in any dispute where evidence is stored digitally. Computer forensics follows a similar process to other forensic disciplines, and faces similar issues. Contents1. About2. Uses of computer forensics3. Guidelines4. Live acquisition5. Stages of an examination6. Issues7."
},
{
"docid": "D920730#0",
"title": "http://study.com/videos/Forensic_Science_Professions_Video_Educational_Requirements_for_a_Career_in_Forensics.html\nForensic Science Professions Video: Educational Requirements for a Career in Forensics",
"text": "Forensic Science Professions Video: Educational Requirements for a Career in Forensics Related Videos Law Professions Video: Popular Fields of Law to Practice Law Enforcement Career Video: Becoming a Law Enforcement Professional Photographer Video: Training Requirements for a Career in Photography Graphic Design Professions Video: Options for a Career in the Graphical Arts Forensic Science Professions Video: Educational Requirements for a Career in Forensics Transcript Once an under-appreciated field, forensic science is today the stuff of primetime television dramas. Perhaps due to this recent exposure, crime scene investigation and crime lab technician positions are growing in prevalence and popularity. Recent high school graduates are drawn to these and other law enforcement careers by the opportunity to prevent and prosecute criminal activity. Increased demand for forensic science programs has ensured that degree options are available at post-secondary institutions throughout the nation. Introduction Police officers play a crucial, high-profile role on the front lines of public safety. What isn't fully realized by many, however, are the vast number of law enforcement professionals who work behind the scenes to prevent and prosecute crime. Forensic science technicians are vital members of law enforcement teams across the country. These professionals investigate crime through analysis of evidence found at scenes where crimes have been committed. Their work entails the consideration of many factors, often dictated by the nature and location of a crime. In the case of shootings, for example, forensic scientists may try to match bullets or shell casings with a particular weapon in order to convict an offender."
},
{
"docid": "D1230024#0",
"title": "http://www.excite.com/education/business/accounting\nHow to Get A Finance and Accounting Degree Online",
"text": "\"How to Get A Finance and Accounting Degree Online Anyone who is interested in pursuing a career in finance or accounting should consider getting a bachelor’s degree in finance and accounting. The finance and accounting degree is a combination of the two disciplines. Students interested in pursuing this degree need to take a series of general education, business, accounting, and finance classes over the course of four years, but this time frame may change depending on factors like academic progress or enrollment status. Individuals that enroll in finance and accounting program will learn how to develop investment and accounting strategies for personal and professional use. Featured Schools You have goals. Southern New Hampshire University can help you get there!Visit Site���`I�%&/m� {J�J��t��`$ؐ@�������i G#)�*��e Ve]f@�흼�� {���� {����;�N'���?\\fdl��J�ɞ!���?~|? \"\" ~��7N��O�J��a���ڻ?�]f��GG�����,�o�:/?��i�˼��9 i^���}���i���E��tݴ�b L����*���j��f��D��EC�뭏�*�}4JWUӾ.~�����l�;��x��z#�� {�|���E�����;�/v�������ꋼM? KWYM����i��<�=���Q��_Ϫ�z1��~K/�����X�3Lx��t ST�����ҏl���_�S�ˤ�]���UY~;/.����E^�i@#�o�_N� [���`%������f�$��bi��g>N?�z�}�#t�D~U^谛'@��|���מ��������� {����ٗϟ�]��h���������.9}�2]��~�g�X�z������_�4��������� of��EYdm� {��x����� {��7��fh����������_��8 [6m����������s���͛��l�����Ū�q}^W��%>��e {� {��ɿM��ܽ;�E���b5&�K�פj X���٪ u2��f E�Oۻ7a Z�5_T�����g'����W��}J$�ٗ�g�t�B ���|�Ջ7g/>���Y~AX�o?9>����/_����ʗY�-���涿�����ؠ#����? K�唨�ի3��j I�����/_�i��e������;]�}X����oղ��ؔ���U�m},��������a�� (���������1Z}|� {;�y Uo {���`H��� ���gЍ�� {����_x� (i�c�� ��2&F>��cg�U���̋r�E}�9��3<%�x V\\����R�%���>r��I��t�Ͼ�Z^�wd��b�Z��n���/V���Y�����\\ӟ��v� {�����? �/�㻪�IˋK����>�Students may prefer to pursue this degree online because the program offers them flexibility."
}
] |
8592 | yutaka name meaning | [
{
"docid": "D2104378#0",
"title": "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Yutaka\nYutaka - Meaning of Yutaka",
"text": "\"What does Yutaka mean? Pronounce Yutaka [ 3 syll. yu - ta - ka, yut - aka ] The baby boy name Yutaka is pronounced as Y UW -Taa-Kaa- †. Yutaka is used mostly in the Japanese language and its language of origin is also Japanese. The name means abundance. See also the related categories, abundance and japanese. Yutaka is not frequently used as a baby boy name. It is not ranked within the top 1000. Baby names that sound like Yutaka include Yehowah, Yottoko, Yutah, Yuyutsu (Indian), Eudall, Eudoco, Eudoxio, Eudoceo, Eudoceyo, Eudocio, Eudociyo, Yaites, Yaits, Yates (English), Yatish, Yaytes, Yayts, Yeates (English), Yeats (English), and Yeets.† English pronunciation for Yutaka: Y as in \"\"you (Y. UW)\"\" ; UW as in \"\"two (T. UW)\"\" ; T as in \"\"tee (T. IY)\"\" ; AA as in \"\"odd (AA. D)\"\" ; K as in \"\"key (K. IY)\"\" \""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D3076722#0",
"title": "http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/58046.html\n.",
"text": "\"Associated Topics || Dr. Math Home || Search Dr. Math What is Log? Date: 26 Feb 1995 22:46:28 -0500 From: charley Subject: Math questions Hi, My name is Yutaka Charley and I'm in the 5th grade at PS150Q in NYC. What's 4 to the half power? What does log mean? Thank you. Yutaka Date: 27 Feb 1995 21:54:12 -0500 From: Dr. Ken Subject: Re: Math questions Hello there! I'll address your second question, the one about Logs; and my colleague and buddy Ethan has promised to answer your first question, the one about 4 to the 1/2 power. Here's the definition of Log: b If a = x, then Log (x) = b. a When you read that, you say \"\"if a to the b power equals x, then the Log (or Logarithm) to the base a of x equals b.\"\" Log is short for the word Logarithm. Here are a couple of examples: Since 2^3 = 8, Log (8) = 3. 2 For the rest of this letter we will use ^ to represent exponents - 2^3 means 2 to the third power."
},
{
"docid": "D2791354#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Lucky_Star_episodes\nList of Lucky Star episodes",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This is an episode listing for the anime adaptation of Lucky Star. The anime, containing twenty-four episodes, aired between April 8, 2007 and September 16, 2007 on Chiba TV and is produced by the animation company Kyoto Animation. The series was directed by Japanese animation director Yutaka Yamamoto for the first four episodes, but he was fired and replaced by Yasuhiro Takemoto from episode five on. An original video animation episode was produced following the series and was released on September 26, 2008. An anime adaptation of Miyakawa-ke no Kūfuku, produced by Ordet and Encourage Films, began streaming on Ustream on April 29, 2013. The opening theme is \"\" Take It! Sailor Uniform \"\" ( もってけ!セーラーふく Motteke! Sērāfuku) by Aya Hirano, Emiri Katō, Kaori Fukuhara, and Aya Endo. Lucky Star does not have one consistent ending theme, a new theme is used in each episode; most of them are of theme songs from other anime and from tokusatsu television shows. Each ending theme in episodes one through twelve is performed as a karaoke by one of the principal characters."
},
{
"docid": "D2847840#0",
"title": "http://www.pgatour.com/news/2015/05/10/fowler-s-family-hustles-to-witness-victory.html\nFowler shares thrill of victory with his family",
"text": "Fowler shares thrill of victory with his family May 10, 2015 By Sean Martin , PGATOUR. COMFollow @PGATOURSMartin Rickie Fowler celebrated his PLAYERS victory with those close to him. Pictured from left to right: caddie Joe Skovron, girlfriend Alexis Randock, Fowler, sister Taylor and mother Lynne. ( Stan Badz/PGA TOUR)PONTE VEDRA BEACH, Fla. – Rickie Fowler’s torrid finish at TPC Sawgrass took many by surprise, including his family. Fowler’s sister Taylor and mother Lynne were in Jacksonville International Airport as Rickie was playing the final holes Sunday. They decided to return to the course when Rickie made birdie at No. 17 in regulation. He also birdied the 18th, then won THE PLAYERS Championship on the fourth playoff hole. THE PLAYERS: Final results | Daily Wrap-up | The Upshot | Fowler's big win | Anatomy of record finish | Woods sees progress MORE: Column: Fowler quiets critics | Garcia, Kisner fall just short | Golf Channel re-air schedule | Hole 17 stats“I knew they were planning to leave at 4:00 or so, so I assumed with my less-than-stellar play the first 12 holes that they were well on their way,” Rickie said. He was 1 over par for his first 12 holes Sunday before going 6 under par on the final six."
},
{
"docid": "D2847843#0",
"title": "http://ethnicelebs.com/rickie-fowler\nRickie Fowler",
"text": "\"Rickie Fowlerby cwm85 on July 18, 2015Birth Name: Rick Yutaka Fowler Place of Birth: Orange, California, United States Date of Birth: December 13, 1988Ethnicity: *Japanese (maternal grandfather) *Navajo Native American (maternal grandmother) *likely English (father)Rickie Fowler is an American professional golfer. He plays in the PGA. Rickie’s maternal grandfather is Yutaka (Taka) Tanaka (the son of Shigeru Tanaka and Yoshi Okubo). Yutaka is of Japanese descent. Shigeru was the son of Harujiro Murata and Kune Ogihara. Yoshi was the daughter of Tametsuzu Okubo and Miejoko Kato. Rickie’s maternal grandmother is Jeanice/Jeanie M. Yellowhair. Jeanice is of Navajo Native American background. Source: Marriage record of Rickie’s maternal great-grandparents, Shigeru Tanaka and Yoshi Okubo – https://familysearch.org Celebs with similar background: Jacoby Ellsbury Alice Greczyn Brett Favre Dak Prescott Jordan Fisher Ads by Revcontent From the Web See Christie Brinkley's Former Hamptons Homes & Her New NYC Duplex Remember Heidi Klum's Daughter? Try Not To Gasp When You See How She Looks Now In Pictures: the Wives of Billionaires Drinking Popular \"\"Party Drink\"\" Causes Unbelievable Weight Loss No One Knew She's Battling HIV Cable Companies Are Furious Over This Device That Consumers Are Using to Save Tagged as: English, Japanese, Native American, Navajo \""
},
{
"docid": "D285872#0",
"title": "http://www.tokyofoundation.org/en/articles/2013/japan-agriculture-and-tpp\nJapanâs Agriculture and the TPP",
"text": "Japan’s Agriculture and the TPPTags: TPP, Agriculture, Economic Partnership Agreement, Economy, Consumption Tax Harada, Yutaka (2011-2014)November 21, 2013Share This Print This Related Articles Japanese agriculture is in a dire state, and misguided agricultural policies are partly to blame, states Senior Fellow Yutaka Harada. He sees promise, though, in that some sectors have demonstrated potential for growth even under such circumstances. Japan’s participation in the TPP should benefit many farming households, inasmuch as their income is reliant on a healthy economy as a whole. * * * Introduction*Many Japanese industries are perceived to be strong, active, and competitive in the global market, but agriculture is usually considered an exception. For years, the farm sector has sought protection from international competition, subsidies, and favorable government treatment, and it has been largely successful in getting them until now. In spite of these privileges, Japanese agriculture is in a perilous state, and most farmers oppose any movements toward free trade. Japan has free trade agreements (FTAs) and economic partnership agreements (EPAs) with many countries, but their ratios of trade liberalization are low—around 85% or 86%—with the unliberalized items basically being agricultural products. [ 1]Japan decided to join the negotiations for the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) in March 2013 and has been participating in the talks since July 2013. For the TPP, the United States and other member countries are believed to be seeking liberalization ratios of 96% or higher. [ 2]The Japanese government is believed to be interested in protecting rice, wheat, beef and pork, milk products, and sugar, but if it protects them all, the liberalization ratio will only be around 90%. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3025304#0",
"title": "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0632689/\nHidetoshi Nishijima",
"text": "\"SEE RANKHidetoshi Nishijima Actor Hidetoshi Nishijima was born on March 29, 1971 in Hachioji, Japan. He is an actor, known for Kaze tachinu (2013), Ningen gôkaku (1998) and Tounan kadobeya nikai no onna (2008). See full bio »Born: March 29, 1971 in Hachioji, Japan More at IMDb Pro »Contact Info: View manager1 photo | 4 videos »Quick Links Biography Awards Photo Gallery Filmography (by Job)Trailers and Videos Explore More Can You Guess This Celeb From His Yearbook Photo? Here's a hint: He just might be your favorite superhero. See if you can guess these other celebrities by their yearbook photos. Start the game Share this page: Related News‘Creepy’ Review: ‘Pulse’ Director Kiyoshi Kurosawa Returns to Form with a Chiller That Lives Up to Its Title03 August 2017 | Indiewire Japan’s ‘Crisis’ to Get World Premiere at Miptv16 February 2017 | Variety - TV News The Bottom Shelf: John Carpenter, Absurd, Intruder, Creepy28 January 2017 | Den of Geek See all related articles »Around The Web Powered by Zerg Net On Prime Video Watch Now Kurîpî: Itsuwari no rinjin See more on Prime Video »Create a list »User Lists Related lists from IMDb users My Top 100 Actor of All Timea list of 100 people created 07 Apr 2012See all related lists »Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDb Page Find out more at IMDb Pro »How Much Have You Seen? How much of Hidetoshi Nishijima's work have you seen? User Polls The Best Underseen Movies of 2013What is your Oscar pick for best animated movie of 2013? Best Animated Feature Film of the Year, 86th Academy Awards 2014Best Animated Films That Were Not Really For Kids Foreign Language Films Nominated for Best Animated Feature Film Oscars2014 Golden Globes Foreign-Film Lineup See more polls »3 wins."
},
{
"docid": "D3384506#0",
"title": "http://www.20000-names.com/male_japanese_names_02.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Male Japanese Names [ Suggest Names for this page ] [ Go to Female Japanese Names ] [ 1] [ 2 ]TAMOTSU ( 保 ): Japanese name meaning \"\"defender, protector. \"\" TARO ( 太郎 ): Japanese name meaning \"\"great son,\"\" or \"\"eldest son.\"\" It is usually given to the first-born son. TATSUO (1- 竜夫, 2- 達夫, 3- 龍雄 ): Japanese name meaning 1) \"\"dragon man,\"\" 2) \"\"far-reaching man,\"\" or 3) \"\"imperial man. \"\" TATSUYA ( 竜也 ): Japanese name meaning \"\"dragon-assertive. \"\" TERUO ( 輝男 ): Japanese name meaning \"\"shining man. \"\" TETSUO (1- 哲雄 , 2- 哲夫 ): Japanese name meaning 1) \"\"wise hero\"\" or \"\"wise man. \"\" TETSUYA ( 哲哉 ): Japanese name meaning \"\"sage- (suffering? )\"\" TOMIO ( 富 ): Japanese name meaning \"\"treasured man. \"\" TORU ( 徹 ): Japanese name meaning \"\"penetrating; wayfarer.\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D2205066#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ghost_in_the_Shell_characters\nList of Ghost in the Shell characters",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search [ hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages)This list needs additional citations for verification. ( February 2009)This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. ( May 2009)This is a list of fictional characters in the anime, manga, and film series Ghost in the Shell created by Masamune Shirow. Contents [ hide ]1 Public Security Section 9 members1.1 Section Chief Directors1.2 Lead Investigators1.3 Specialists1.4 Field agents1.5 AI Personnel2 Recurring characters2.1 Activists and criminals2.2 Government personnel2.3 Civilians3 See also4 References Public Security Section 9 members [ edit]Main article: Public Security Section 9Section Chief Directors [ edit]Chief Daisuke Aramaki [ edit]Voiced by: Tamio Ōki (films) and Osamu Saka (SAC) and Ikkyu Jyuku (ARISE) (Japanese); William Frederick Knight and John Swasey (ARISE) (English)Portrayed by: \"\"Beat\"\" Takeshi Kitano ( 2017 film)Lt. Col. Daisuke Aramaki ( 荒巻 大輔 Aramaki Daisuke) is the Chief Executive Director of Public Security Section 9. In Stand Alone Complex, Lt. Col."
},
{
"docid": "D301655#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyon\nList of Haruhi Suzumiya characters",
"text": "\"List of Haruhi Suzumiya characters From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Kyon)navigation search This is a list of the characters featured in the Haruhi Suzumiya franchise. The Haruhi Suzumiya series contains a multitude of other secondary, and minor characters who are introduced throughout the course of the series. Contents [ hide ]1 SOS Brigade members2 Schoolmates2.1 ENOZ3 Agency4 Sasaki's group5 Other characters6 References SOS Brigade members [ edit]The SOS Brigade is a club to investigate mysterious events. Among the members of the SOS Brigade are: Kyon ( キョン)Voiced by: Tomokazu Sugita (Japanese); Crispin Freeman (English)The primary narrator and main protagonist of the series. While his real name is never given, everyone calls him by his nickname \"\"Kyon\"\", given to him by his younger sister. Kyon is a high school student with a laid back and sarcastic attitude. He unintentionally runs into Haruhi and is the only normal human in the SOS Brigade. Even though Haruhi is the title character, the story is told through Kyon's viewpoint. Through narration and dialogue, he provides his insight, perspective, and opinions on events. Kyon is often annoyed by Haruhi's demands but thinks that a world without her would be uninteresting."
},
{
"docid": "D611736#0",
"title": "http://www.japanese-names.org/japanese-boy-names.php\nJapanese Boy Names",
"text": "\"Japanese Boy Names Tweet Here is the complete list of Japanese boy names with most common kanji (Japanese characters) used, and name meanings: AKI meaning \"\"bright / autumn\"\" (明 / 秋) - Japanese unisex name. AKIHIRO meaning \"\"great brightness\"\" (明宏) - Japanese boy name. AKIO meaning \"\"bright man\"\" (昭夫) - Japanese boy name. AKIRA meaning \"\"bright / clear\"\" (明 / 亮) - Japanese unisex name. AOI meaning \"\"blue\"\" (碧) - Japanese unisex name. ARATA meaning \"\"new, fresh\"\" (新) - Japanese boy name. ATSUSHI meaning \"\"industrious director\"\" (敦司) - Japanese boy name. AYUMU meaning \"\"walk dream, vision\"\" (歩夢) - Japanese boy name. DAI meaning \"\"great, large\"\" (大) - Japanese boy name. DAICHI meaning \"\"great land\"\" (大地) - Japanese boy name."
},
{
"docid": "D1759768#0",
"title": "http://www.idsa-india.org/an-jan-4-01html.html\n.",
"text": "\"Abstract China's leadership and the strategic community appear to have done serious study and calculation regarding the country's bargaining strategies with neighbouring countries on the border issue. Bigger claims are advanced with the purpose of acquiring bargaining chips for reaching more realistic settlement that would take care of China's substantive interests. The Soviet-Chinese border agreeement in the eastern sector was signed on May 16, 1991. The issue of a couple of disputed border islands on which there could not be any agreement, was left for future discussions. The agreement on the western sector of the border was signed on September 3, 1994. In December 1999, the two countries formally announced that their 30 year old border dispute had been resolved. Together with the Sino-Russian border, steady progress has been made in resolving Sino-Central Asian Republics' border disputes also. Besides comparatively minor territorial gains, the major Chinese gain in the border settlement with Russia was in acquiring an assured and treaty-bound equal access to the use of the border rivers for all purposes. India can hope to secure its interests in boundary negotiations with China through the policy of simultaneous engagement and containment. India with a 4,700-km long border and the former Soviet Union with 7,500-km long border with China together shared in the past around 80 per cent of China's land border with foreign countries."
},
{
"docid": "D1463615#0",
"title": "http://toonami.wikia.com/wiki/Yu_Yu_Hakusho\nYu Yu Hakusho",
"text": "\"Yu Yu Hakusho Initial Run Network Cartoon Network ( Toonami )Broadcast Run Mar. 3, 2003 [1] - Aug. 29, 2003Episodes112 ( List of Episodes )Second Run Network Cartoon Network (Toonami)Broadcast Run Jan. 5, 2004 [2] - Mar. 26, 2004Final Run Network Cartoon Network (Toonami)Broadcast Run Apr. 17, 2004 [3] - Feb. 26, 2005 [4]Yu Yu Hakusho is a Japanese anime series based on the manga series of the same name, written and illustrated by Yoshihiro Togashi. The anime series, consisting of 112 television episodes, was directed by Noriyuki Abe and co-produced by Fuji Television, Yomiko Advertising, and Studio Pierrot. The series originally aired on Japan's Fuji Television network from October 10, 1992 to January 7, 1995. It was later licensed in North America by Funimation Entertainment in 2001. Yu Yu Hakusho premiered, uncut, on Cartoon Network's Adult Swim on February 23, 2002 [5] and ran until March 2003. The series then moved to Toonami on March 3, 2003 [1], where it aired heavily edited until February 26, 2005 [4]. Yu Yu Hakusho was also part of Adult Swim's April Fools Event in 2012. Contents [ show]Plot Edit Yu Yu Hakusho follows Yusuke Urameshi, a street-brawling delinquent who, in an uncharacteristic act of altruism, is hit by a car and killed in an attempt to save a young boy by pushing him out of the way. His ghost is greeted by Botan, a woman who introduces herself as the pilot of the River Styx, who ferries souls to the \"\"Underworld\"\" where they may be judged for the afterlife. Botan informs Yusuke that his act had caught even the Underworld by surprise and that there was not yet a place made for him in either heaven or hell. Thus Koenma, son of the Underworld's ruler King Enma, offers Yusuke a chance to return to his body through a series of tests."
},
{
"docid": "D290910#0",
"title": "http://www.fanpop.com/clubs/anime/articles/152196/title/japanese-names-with-meanings\njapanese names with their meanings",
"text": "\"310 fansjapanese names with their meanings List by soran posted over a year ago AI meaning \"\"love\"\" (愛藍) - Japanese girl name. AIKA meaning \"\"love song\"\" (愛佳) - Japanese girl name. AIKO meaning \"\"child of love\"\" (愛子) - Japanese girl name. AIMI meaning \"\"love beautiful\"\" (愛美) - Japanese girl name. AINA meaning \"\"love vegetables\"\" (愛菜) - Japanese girl name. AIRI meaning \"\"love jasmine\"\" (愛莉) - Japanese girl name. AKANE meaning \"\"brilliant red\"\" (茜) - Japanese girl name. AKEMI meaning \"\"bright beautiful\"\" (明美) - Japanese girl name. AKI meaning \"\"bright / autumn\"\" (明 / 秋) - Japanese unisex name. AKIHIRO meaning \"\"great brightness\"\" (明宏) - Japanese boy name."
},
{
"docid": "D1485769#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Princess_(manga)\nPrincess Princess (manga)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search [ hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages)This article needs additional citations for verification. ( March 2010)This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. ( March 2010)Princess Princess Cast of Princess Princess, from left to right, Mikoto, Toru and Yuujirouプリンセス・プリンセス ( Purinsesu Purinsesu)Genre Comedy, Drama Manga Written by Mikiyo Tsuda Published by Shinshokan English publisher NA Digital Manga Publishing Demographic Shōjo Magazine Wings Original run August 2002 – April 2006Volumes 5Manga Princess Princess +Written by Mikiyo Tsuda Published by Shinshokan Demographic Shōjo Magazine Wings Original run May 2006 – January 2007Anime television series Directed by Keitaro Motonaga Studio Studio Deen Licensed by NA Media Blasters Original network TV Asahi English network US Toku Original run April 5, 2006 – June 21, 2006Episodes 12Game Princess Princess: Himetachi no Abunai Hōkago Publisher Marvelous Interactive Genre Visual novel Platform Play Station 2Released October 26, 2006Anime and Manga portal Princess Princess ( Japanese: プリンセス・プリンセス Hepburn: Purinsesu Purinsesu) is the title of a fictional series written and illustrated by Japanese author Mikiyo Tsuda about the lives of three high school boys and the school they attend. The series is contained within multiple media pieces which began as a manga first serialized in the manga magazine Wings starting in 2002. After the first manga series ended, a sequel entitled Princess Princess + started serialization in the same magazine in May 2006, and finished in January 2007. An anime has since been adapted from the manga and began airing in Japan on April 5, 2006, produced by the Japanese animation studio, Studio Deen. A live action adaptation called Princess Princess D aired in Japan from June 28, 2006 to September 13, 2006. Finally, a visual novel video game for the Play Station 2 based on the series was released on October 26, 2006 in Japan."
},
{
"docid": "D1506011#0",
"title": "http://www.unesco.org/culture/intangible-heritage/19apa_uk.htm\nKabuki theatre",
"text": "Kabuki theatre Japan Inscribed in 2008 ( 3. COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (originally proclaimed in 2005)Kabuki is a Japanese traditional theatre form, which originated in the Edo period at the beginning of the seventeenth century and was particularly popular among townspeople. Originally, both men and women acted in Kabuki plays, but eventually only male actors performed the plays: a tradition that has remained to the present day. Male actors specialized in women’s roles are called onnagata. Two other major role types are aragoto (rough style) and wagoto (soft style). Kabuki plays are about historical events and moral conflict in relationships of the heart. The actors speak in a monotone voice and are accompanied by traditional instruments. The Kabuki stage is equipped with several gadgets, such as revolving stages and trapdoors through which the actors can appear and disappear. Another speciality of the Kabuki stage is a footbridge (hanamichi) that extends into the audience. Important characteristics of Kabuki theatre include its particular music, costumes, stage devices and props as well as specific plays, language and acting styles, such as the mie, in which the actor holds a characteristic pose to establish his character."
},
{
"docid": "D718011#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unisex_name\nUnisex name",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search A unisex name (also known as an epicene name, a gender-neutral name or an androgynous name) is a given name that can be used by a person regardless of the person's sex. Some countries have laws preventing unisex names, requiring parents to give their children sex-specific names. [ citation needed] In other countries unisex names are sometimes avoided for social reasons. [ citation needed]Names may have different gender connotations from country to country or language to language. For example, the Italian male name Andrea (derived from Greek Andreas) is understood as a female name in many languages, such as English, German, Hungarian, Czech, and Spanish. Parents may name their child in honor of a person of another sex, which – if done widely – can result in the name becoming unisex. For example, Christians, particularly Catholics, may give a child a second/middle name of the opposite sex, e.g. name a son Marie or Maria in honor of the Virgin Mary or formerly Anne for Saint Anne; or name a daughter José in honor of Saint Joseph or Jean in honor of John the Baptist. This practice is rare in English-speaking countries. Some masculine and feminine names are homophones, pronounced the same for both sexes but spelled differently. For example, Yves and Eve and (for some speakers) Artemus and Artemis."
},
{
"docid": "D2599533#0",
"title": "https://www.ladyandthetrack.com/news/15902/what-time-is-the-belmont-stakes.html\nWhat Time Is The Belmont Stakes?",
"text": "Home » News » What Time Is The Belmont Stakes? No Comments What Time Is The Belmont Stakes? What Time Is The Belmont Stakes? by Reinier Macatangay : According to official Belmont Stakes FAQ, the post time for the 148th Belmont Stakes is 6:37 p.m. EST on June 11. According to official Belmont Stakes FAQ, the post time for the 148th Belmont Stakes is 6:37 p.m. EST on June 11. Photo: LATTThe entire Belmont Stakes day card starts at 11:35 a.m. EST. There will be plenty of time for procrastinating handicappers to prepare for racing’s third leg of the Triple Crown. As for television, NBC will offer pre-race coverage from 3 to 5 p.m on NBC Sports. The main coverage will go on NBC and run from from 5 to 7 p.m. In addition, post race coverage goes back to NBC Sports and lasts half an hour from 7 to 7:30 p.m. Bettors and other fans can also access the race by simulcast on their preferred ADW provider. For those attending in person, the parking gates open at 8 a.m. The admission gates open at 8:30 a.m. Although tickets are available at the track, Belmont Park encourages patrons to order online."
},
{
"docid": "D2943140#0",
"title": "http://www.bodybuildingforyou.com/supplements-reviews/taurine-supplement-information.htm\nWhat is Taurine and What are its Benefits?",
"text": "\"What is Taurine and What are its Benefits? Taurine is a semi-essential amino acid that's not as well known as some other aminos like glutamine; however, taurine plays an important role and is found in the heart muscle, white blood cells, central nervous system, and skeletal muscle. It plays an important role in metabolism, and is essential for new borns, since they cannot make it. Adults bodies can make taurine, however, when not enough is made, the deficiency can be corrected by supplementation. Taurine is high in eggs, dairy products, meats and fish proteins. If you're a vegetarian, you maybe deficient in taurine, and if you're a meat eater, you're probably getting enough. It was first discovered in ox bile in 1827, and it wasn't until 1975 that taurine was identified as a important part of human nutrition when it was discovered that formula fed infants were not able to sustain normal urinary taurine levels compared to breast-milk fed infants. Taurine is a building block of all other amino acids. It functions in the brain and heart to help stabilize cell membranes. It comprises of over 50% of the total free amino acid pool of the heart."
},
{
"docid": "D1307750#0",
"title": "http://www.aboutnames.ch/japanese.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Home Links Search News Contact (Eine deutsche Version dieser Seite befindet sich hier . ) Japanese names have some rather special features. A very brief explanation: Most Japanese given names are written in kanji, a script with Chinese origin where each single character stands for a whole word or concept. Most names have two kanji characters, some three, some only one. If you see only the name written in kanji you do not yet know how it is pronounced because each kanji character has several possible pronounciations. The other way round is difficult as well: If you hear a name you cannot be sure how to write it in kanji. ( Many names have several writings, with different meanings according to the actual kanji used.) To resolve such ambiguities the Japanese use Hiragana where the characters stand for syllables. You can read more about Japanese baby names here . If you see only \"\"boxes\"\" instead of Kanji and Hiragana characters in the name tables below the most likely reason is missing Unicode support in your browser and/or operating system."
},
{
"docid": "D2768563#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accordion\nAccordion",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Accordion (disambiguation). Accordion A piano accordion (top) and a button accordion (bottom)Keyboard instrument Hornbostel–Sachs classification 412.132 ( Free-reedaerophone)Developed Early 20th century Playing range Depends on configuration: Right-hand manual Chromatic button accordion Diatonic button accordion Piano accordion Left-hand manual Stradella bass system Free-bass system Related instruments Hand-pumped: Bandoneon, concertina, flutina, garmon, trikitixa, Indian harmonium Foot-pumped: Harmonium, reed organ Mouth-blown: Claviola, melodica, harmonica, Laotian khene, Chinese shēng, Japanese shōElectronic reedless instruments: Electronium, MIDI accordion, Roland Virtual Accordion Musicians Accordionists ( list of accordionists ). More articles Accordion, Chromatic button accordion, Bayan, Diatonic button accordion, Piano accordion, Stradella bass system, Free-bass system, Accordion reed ranks and switches The Brazilian Forró accordionist Dominguinhos Accordions (from 19th-century German Akkordeon, from Akkord —\"\"musical chord, concord of sounds\"\" [1]) are a family of box-shaped musical instruments of the bellows -driven free-reed aerophone type, colloquially referred to as a squeezebox. A person who plays the accordion is called an accordionist. The concertina and bandoneón are related; the harmonium and American reed organ are in the same family. The instrument is played by compressing or expanding the bellows while pressing buttons or keys, causing pallets to open, which allow air to flow across strips of brass or steel, called reeds. These vibrate to produce sound inside the body. Valves on opposing reeds of each note are used to make the instrument's reeds sound louder without air leaking from each reed block. [ notes 1] The performer normally plays the melody on buttons or keys on the right-hand manual, and the accompaniment, consisting of bass and pre-set chord buttons, on the left-hand manual. The accordion is widely spread across the world."
}
] |
8595 | zip for pear ridge dr dallas | [
{
"docid": "D2240202#0",
"title": "http://www.realtor.com/realestateandhomes-detail/4750-Pear-Ridge-Dr_Dallas_TX_75287_M71193-36803\n4750 Pear Ridge Dr, Dallas, TX 75287",
"text": "Directions Off Market Off Market No Estimate Available Estimation is calculated based on tax assessment records, recent sale prices of comparable properties, and other factors. Estimated Rental Price is based on similar rentals in this area. Track Your Home Value Click here to track everything about your home value, equity, and mortgage in one place.202,318 sq ft11.89 acres lot4750 Pear Ridge Dr, Dallas , TX 75287Map Map Commute Time Refi Rates Refi Rates Share Request a FREE Analysis Property Overview - 4750 Pear Ridge Dr, Dallas, TX 75287 is a multi family home built in 1992. The median sales price for the Far North Dallas area is $123,491. According to the Dallas public records, the property at 4750 Pear Ridge Dr, Dallas, TX 75287 has approximately 202,318 square feet, with a lot size of 11.89 acres. Nearby schools include Rose Haggar Elementary School, Frankford Middle School and Shepton High School.100%Less expensive than nearby properties$445,000Neighborhood Median Price Similar Homes For Sale Near Dallas, TXComparison of 4750 Pear Ridge Dr, Dallas, TX 75287 with Nearby Homes: New$350,0003 bd, 2 ba, 2,213 sq ft4428 Windward Cir200,105 sq ft smaller Smaller lot10 years older New$144,9001 bd, 2 ba, 887 sq ft4748 Old Bent Tree Ln Apt 2108201,431 sq ft smaller Smaller lot7 years older New$220,0003 bd, 2 ba, 1,380 sq ft2403 Harbinger Ln200,938 sq ft smaller Smaller lot10 years older New$525,0005 bd, 4 ba, 3,844 sq ft4403 Landlewood Ct198,474 sq ft smaller Smaller lot5 years newer New$429,9003 bd, 2 ba, 2,282 sq ft18516 Vista Del Sol200,036 sq ft smaller Smaller lot2 years older New$449,0004 bd, 3 ba, 2,711 sq ft18616 Gibbons Dr199,607 sq ft smaller Smaller lot4 years newer New$349,9005 bd, 4 ba, 2,900 sq ft18220 Kelly Blvd199,418 sq ft smaller Smaller lot Same year built New$234,0003 bd, 2 ba, 1,403 sq ft2556 Sunscape Ln200,915 sq ft smaller Smaller lot8 years older$299,9993 bd, 3 ba, 2,008 sq ft4005 Windhaven Ln200,310 sq ft smaller Smaller lot1 year older$310,0003 bd, 3 ba, 2,349 sq ft3448 Lark Meadow Way199,969 sq ft smaller Smaller lot1 year newer$150,0001 bd, 1 ba, 907 sq ft18040 Midway Rd Apt 141201,411 sq ft smaller8 years older$340,0003 bd, 3 ba, 2,334 sq ft18947 Waterway Rd199,984 sq ft smaller Smaller lot8 years older More similar homes for sale View All Interested in any of these homes? Contact Agent Property Details for 4750 Pear Ridge Dr Public Records House size: 202,318 sq ft Stories: 1Lot size: 517711Garage: Garage Heating: Unknown Cooling: Unknown Year built: 1992Year renovated: 1992Property type: Multi family Date updated: 11/04/2017Pool: Yes Request a FREE Analysis Nearby Schools Rating* School Name Grades Distance7 Rose Haggar Elementary School K–5 1.2 mi7 Frankford Middle School6–8 3.1 mi6 Shepton High School9–10 1.1 mi5 Mitchell Elementary School K–5 1.1 mi4 Long Middle School6–8 2.8 mi9 Plano West Senior High School11–12 2.8 mi NR Prince of Peace Catholic Private School PK–8 1.5 mi NR Trinity Christian Academy Private School K–12 1.5 mi* School data provided by National Center for Education Statistics, Pitney Bowes, and Great Schools. Intended for reference only. Great Schools Ratings compare a school’s test performance to statewide results. To verify enrollment eligibility, contact the school or district directly."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1603245#0",
"title": "https://www.zip-codes.me/sc-south-carolina/simpsonville/\nSimpsonville SC ZIP Code",
"text": "\"US ZIP Codes Simpsonville ZIP Code Home South Carolina Simpsonville Home > South Carolina > Simpsonville Simpsonville SC ZIP Code Simpsonville city is located in South Carolina State, Greenville County and has a unique zip code assigned by the US Postal Service Office. You can search for the Simpsonville SC zip code by its streets and block numbers if we have some of the Simpsonville streets loaded in our website Simpsonville Area Code is 864 and Time Zone is Eastern (GMT -05:00). Simpsonville Zip Code - South Carolina The US ZIP Code basic format consists of five decimal numerical digits assigned to the Simpsonville City. An extended ZIP+4 code, introduced in the 1980s, includes the five digits of the Simpsonville ZIP code, a hyphen, and four more digits that determine a more specific location within a given ZIP code in Simpsonville, South Carolina. The Simpsonville Zip Code is 29680, 29681. If you want to send a mail to Simpsonville City, you should use the 29680, 29681 Zip Code. In 1983, the U. S. Postal Service introduced an expanded Simpsonville ZIP code system that it called ZIP+4, often called \"\"plus-four codes\"\", \"\"add-on codes\"\", or \"\"add ons\"\". A ZIP+4 code uses the basic 29680, 29681 Zip code plus four additional digits to identify a geographic segment within the five-digit delivery area, such as a Simpsonville city block, a group of apartments, an individual high-volume receiver of mail or any other unit that could use an extra identifier to aid in efficient mail sorting and delivery in South Carolina. Simpsonville, South Carolina - MAPWhat is the Simpsonville Zip Code? The Simpsonville Zip Code in South Carolina is 29680, 29681."
},
{
"docid": "D1260013#0",
"title": "https://www.zip-codes.me/va-virginia/ruther-glen/\nRuther Glen VA ZIP Code",
"text": "\"US ZIP Codes Ruther Glen ZIP Code Home Virginia Ruther Glen Home > Virginia > Ruther Glen Ruther Glen VA ZIP Code Ruther Glen city is located in Virginia State, Caroline County and has a unique zip code assigned by the US Postal Service Office. You can search for the Ruther Glen VA zip code by its streets and block numbers if we have some of the Ruther Glen streets loaded in our website Ruther Glen Area Code is 804 and Time Zone is Eastern (GMT -05:00). Ruther Glen Zip Code - Virginia The US ZIP Code basic format consists of five decimal numerical digits assigned to the Ruther Glen City. An extended ZIP+4 code, introduced in the 1980s, includes the five digits of the Ruther Glen ZIP code, a hyphen, and four more digits that determine a more specific location within a given ZIP code in Ruther Glen, Virginia. The Ruther Glen Zip Code is 22546. If you want to send a mail to Ruther Glen City, you should use the 22546 Zip Code. In 1983, the U. S. Postal Service introduced an expanded Ruther Glen ZIP code system that it called ZIP+4, often called \"\"plus-four codes\"\", \"\"add-on codes\"\", or \"\"add ons\"\". A ZIP+4 code uses the basic 22546 Zip code plus four additional digits to identify a geographic segment within the five-digit delivery area, such as a Ruther Glen city block, a group of apartments, an individual high-volume receiver of mail or any other unit that could use an extra identifier to aid in efficient mail sorting and delivery in Virginia. Ruther Glen, Virginia - MAPWhat is the Ruther Glen Zip Code? The Ruther Glen Zip Code in Virginia is 22546."
},
{
"docid": "D1016237#0",
"title": "http://www.city-data.com/city/Waco-Texas.html\nWaco, Texas",
"text": "Follow city-data.com founder on our Forum or@Lech Mazur Waco, Texassee 62 more add your Submit your own pictures of this city and show them to the World See promotion details and to upload your Waco, Texas photos OSM Map General Map Google Map MSN Map52°F10 miles Wind: 6 mph Pressure: 30.24 in Humidity: 82%Current weather forecast for Waco, TXPopulation in 2016: 134,422Males: 65,206 (48.5%)Females: 69,216 (51.5%)Median resident age: 28.6 years Texas median age: 34.5 years Zip codes: 76701, 76704, 76707, 76710, 76798. Waco Zip Code Map Estimated median household income in 2016: $37,722 ( it was $26,264 in 2000)Waco: $37,722TX: $56,565Estimated per capita income in 2016: $22,348 ( it was $14,584 in 2000) Waco city income, earnings, and wages data Estimated median house or condo value in 2016: $113,300 ( it was $53,200 in 2000 )Waco: $113,300TX: $161,500Mean prices in 2016: All housing units: $145,534; Detached houses: $145,606; Townhouses or other attached units: $190,823; In 2-unit structures: $86,741; In 3-to-4-unit structures: $69,226; In 5-or-more-unit structures: $106,672; Mobile homes: $87,090Median gross rent in 2016: $802. Recent home sales, real estate maps, and home value estimator for zip codes: 76633, 76701, 76704, 76705, 76707, 76708, 76710, 76711, 76712. Waco, TX residents, houses, and apartments details Profiles of local businesses Bears Moving All Pro A/C and Heating Freddy's Frozen Custard & Steakburgers Route 32 Pediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics The Doan Law Firm, P. C. Mr. Roof and Gutters Mc Dermed Law Firm Cli-Max Riding Gear & Motorcycle Accessories Put your B&M business profile right here for free. 50,000 businesses already created their profiles!Options XUser-defined colors Preset color patterns Most recent value% change since 2k Data: Options Get link Loading data... Based on 2000-2016 data Loading data...123Hide US histogram Races in Waco, TX (2016)55,83741.5%White alone43,48732.4%Hispanic30,38322.6%Black alone2,4251.8%Asian alone2,1161.6%Two or more races830.06%American Indian alone550.04%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone360.03%Other race alone Races in Waco detailed stats: ancestries, foreign born residents, place of birth Mar. 2016 cost of living index in Waco: 85.3 (less than average, U. S. average is 100)Recent articles from our blog. Our writers, many of them Ph. D. graduates or candidates, create easy-to-read articles on a wide variety of topics. The return of the vinyl: a period of constant growth in sales Apr 2Police officer fatalities: facts and figures Mar 29The vegan lifestyle: Is it healthy or not? Mar 26Measuring seasonality in new housing starts Mar 23U. S. economic growth: gross domestic product Mar 20Recent posts about Waco, Texas on our local forum with over 2,000,000 registered users. Waco is mentioned 7,352 times on our forum: Come on everyone....tell me what you know about Waco?! ("
},
{
"docid": "D1487450#0",
"title": "https://www.zip-codes.me/mi-michigan/rapid-city/\nRapid City MI ZIP Code",
"text": "\"US ZIP Codes Rapid City ZIP Code Home Michigan Rapid City Home > Michigan > Rapid City Rapid City MI ZIP Code Rapid City city is located in Michigan State, Kalkaska County and has a unique zip code assigned by the US Postal Service Office. You can search for the Rapid City MI zip code by its streets and block numbers if we have some of the Rapid City streets loaded in our website Rapid City Area Code is 231 and Time Zone is Eastern (GMT -05:00). Rapid City Zip Code - Michigan The US ZIP Code basic format consists of five decimal numerical digits assigned to the Rapid City City. An extended ZIP+4 code, introduced in the 1980s, includes the five digits of the Rapid City ZIP code, a hyphen, and four more digits that determine a more specific location within a given ZIP code in Rapid City, Michigan. The Rapid City Zip Code is 49676. If you want to send a mail to Rapid City City, you should use the 49676 Zip Code. In 1983, the U. S. Postal Service introduced an expanded Rapid City ZIP code system that it called ZIP+4, often called \"\"plus-four codes\"\", \"\"add-on codes\"\", or \"\"add ons\"\". A ZIP+4 code uses the basic 49676 Zip code plus four additional digits to identify a geographic segment within the five-digit delivery area, such as a Rapid City city block, a group of apartments, an individual high-volume receiver of mail or any other unit that could use an extra identifier to aid in efficient mail sorting and delivery in Michigan. Rapid City, Michigan - MAPWhat is the Rapid City Zip Code? The Rapid City Zip Code in Michigan is 49676."
},
{
"docid": "D251106#0",
"title": "http://www.city-data.com/city/North-Richland-Hills-Texas.html\nNorth Richland Hills, Texas",
"text": "\"Follow city-data.com founder on our Forum or@Lech Mazur North Richland Hills, Texasadd your Submit your own pictures of this city and show them to the World See promotion details and to upload your North Richland Hills, Texas photos OSM Map General Map Google Map MSN Map48°F9 miles Wind: 3 mph Pressure: 29.90 in Humidity: 94%Current weather forecast for North Richland Hills, TXPopulation in 2016: 69,807Males: 31,684 (45.4%)Females: 38,123 (54.6%)Median resident age: 37.2 years Texas median age: 34.5 years Zip codes: 76182. Estimated median household income in 2016: $59,743 ( it was $56,150 in 2000)North Richland Hills: $59,743TX: $56,565Estimated per capita income in 2016: $32,623 ( it was $25,516 in 2000) North Richland Hills city income, earnings, and wages data Estimated median house or condo value in 2016: $191,500 ( it was $98,900 in 2000 )North Richland Hills: $191,500TX: $161,500Mean prices in 2016: All housing units: $221,535; Detached houses: $225,313; Townhouses or other attached units: $175,628; In 2-unit structures: $141,750; In 3-to-4-unit structures: $113,462; In 5-or-more-unit structures: $203,695; Mobile homes: $100,307; Occupied boats, RVs, vans, etc. : $44,444Median gross rent in 2016: $1,057. Recent home sales, real estate maps, and home value estimator for zip code 76180Recent home sales, real estate maps, and home value estimator for zip code 76182North Richland Hills, TX residents, houses, and apartments details Profiles of local businesses American Medical Plans Cities Real Estate The Benefit Link J A Garrison & Co. certified public accountants Auto Nation Chevrolet North Richland Hills Sam Pack's Five Star Ford north richland hills Texas Storm Kenpo Karate Master Gardener Put your B&M business profile right here for free. 50,000 businesses already created their profiles!Options XUser-defined colors Preset color patterns Most recent value% change since 2k Data: Options Get link Loading data... Based on 2000-2016 data Loading data...123Hide US histogram Races in North Richland Hills, TX (2016)47,89268.0%White alone12,66118.0%Hispanic3,5965.1%Black alone3,1154.4%Asian alone1,6462.3%Two or more races2730.4%American Indian alone3110.4% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone1410.2%Other race alone Races in North Richland Hills detailed stats: ancestries, foreign born residents, place of birth Mar. 2016 cost of living index in North Richland Hills: 94.8 (less than average, U. S. average is 100)Recent articles from our blog. Our writers, many of them Ph. D. graduates or candidates, create easy-to-read articles on a wide variety of topics. The return of the vinyl: a period of constant growth in sales Apr 2Police officer fatalities: facts and figures Mar 29The vegan lifestyle: Is it healthy or not? Mar 26Measuring seasonality in new housing starts Mar 23U. S. economic growth: gross domestic product Mar 20Recent posts about North Richland Hills, Texas on our local forum with over 2,000,000 registered users. North Richland Hills is mentioned 1,028 times on our forum: North Richland Hills new development: Babe's Restaurant (2 replies)New to Texas, North Richland Hills from Oregon (19 replies)Nice Apartments in North Richland Hills (6 replies)Is North Richland Hills nice? ("
},
{
"docid": "D3499277#0",
"title": "https://www.zip-codes.me/oh-ohio/brookville/\nBrookville OH ZIP Code",
"text": "\"US ZIP Codes Brookville ZIP Code Home Ohio Brookville Home > Ohio > Brookville Brookville OH ZIP Code Brookville city is located in Ohio State, Montgomery County and has a unique zip code assigned by the US Postal Service Office. You can search for the Brookville OH zip code by its streets and block numbers if we have some of the Brookville streets loaded in our website Brookville Area Code is 937 and Time Zone is Eastern (GMT -05:00). Brookville Zip Code - Ohio The US ZIP Code basic format consists of five decimal numerical digits assigned to the Brookville City. An extended ZIP+4 code, introduced in the 1980s, includes the five digits of the Brookville ZIP code, a hyphen, and four more digits that determine a more specific location within a given ZIP code in Brookville, Ohio. The Brookville Zip Code is 45309. If you want to send a mail to Brookville City, you should use the 45309 Zip Code. In 1983, the U. S. Postal Service introduced an expanded Brookville ZIP code system that it called ZIP+4, often called \"\"plus-four codes\"\", \"\"add-on codes\"\", or \"\"add ons\"\". A ZIP+4 code uses the basic 45309 Zip code plus four additional digits to identify a geographic segment within the five-digit delivery area, such as a Brookville city block, a group of apartments, an individual high-volume receiver of mail or any other unit that could use an extra identifier to aid in efficient mail sorting and delivery in Ohio. Brookville, Ohio - MAPWhat is the Brookville Zip Code? The Brookville Zip Code in Ohio is 45309."
},
{
"docid": "D1259585#0",
"title": "https://www.zip-codes.me/ga-georgia/ringgold/\nRinggold GA ZIP Code",
"text": "\"US ZIP Codes Ringgold ZIP Code Home Georgia Ringgold Home > Georgia > Ringgold Ringgold GA ZIP Code Ringgold city is located in Georgia State, Catoosa County and has a unique zip code assigned by the US Postal Service Office. You can search for the Ringgold GA zip code by its streets and block numbers if we have some of the Ringgold streets loaded in our website Ringgold Area Code is 706 and Time Zone is Eastern (GMT -05:00). Ringgold Zip Code - Georgia The US ZIP Code basic format consists of five decimal numerical digits assigned to the Ringgold City. An extended ZIP+4 code, introduced in the 1980s, includes the five digits of the Ringgold ZIP code, a hyphen, and four more digits that determine a more specific location within a given ZIP code in Ringgold, Georgia. The Ringgold Zip Code is 30736. If you want to send a mail to Ringgold City, you should use the 30736 Zip Code. In 1983, the U. S. Postal Service introduced an expanded Ringgold ZIP code system that it called ZIP+4, often called \"\"plus-four codes\"\", \"\"add-on codes\"\", or \"\"add ons\"\". A ZIP+4 code uses the basic 30736 Zip code plus four additional digits to identify a geographic segment within the five-digit delivery area, such as a Ringgold city block, a group of apartments, an individual high-volume receiver of mail or any other unit that could use an extra identifier to aid in efficient mail sorting and delivery in Georgia. Ringgold, Georgia - MAPWhat is the Ringgold Zip Code? The Ringgold Zip Code in Georgia is 30736."
},
{
"docid": "D3234808#0",
"title": "https://www.zip-codes.me/wv-west-virginia/belington/\nBelington WV ZIP Code",
"text": "\"US ZIP Codes Belington ZIP Code Home West Virginia Belington Home > West Virginia > Belington Belington WV ZIP Code Belington city is located in West Virginia State, Barbour County and has a unique zip code assigned by the US Postal Service Office. You can search for the Belington WV zip code by its streets and block numbers if we have some of the Belington streets loaded in our website Belington Area Code is 304 and Time Zone is Eastern (GMT -05:00). Belington Zip Code - West Virginia The US ZIP Code basic format consists of five decimal numerical digits assigned to the Belington City. An extended ZIP+4 code, introduced in the 1980s, includes the five digits of the Belington ZIP code, a hyphen, and four more digits that determine a more specific location within a given ZIP code in Belington, West Virginia. The Belington Zip Code is 26250. If you want to send a mail to Belington City, you should use the 26250 Zip Code. In 1983, the U. S. Postal Service introduced an expanded Belington ZIP code system that it called ZIP+4, often called \"\"plus-four codes\"\", \"\"add-on codes\"\", or \"\"add ons\"\". A ZIP+4 code uses the basic 26250 Zip code plus four additional digits to identify a geographic segment within the five-digit delivery area, such as a Belington city block, a group of apartments, an individual high-volume receiver of mail or any other unit that could use an extra identifier to aid in efficient mail sorting and delivery in West Virginia. Belington, West Virginia - MAPWhat is the Belington Zip Code? The Belington Zip Code in West Virginia is 26250."
},
{
"docid": "D532084#0",
"title": "http://www.city-data.com/city/Flower-Mound-Texas.html\nFlower Mound, Texas",
"text": "Follow city-data.com founder on our Forum or@Lech Mazur Flower Mound, Texassee 15 more add your Submit your own pictures of this town and show them to the World See promotion details and to upload your Flower Mound, Texas photos OSM Map General Map Google Map MSN Map61°F10 miles Wind: 6 mph Pressure: 30.20 in Humidity: 42%Current weather forecast for Flower Mound, TXPopulation in 2016: 73,289Males: 35,882 (49.0%)Females: 37,407 (51.0%)Median resident age: 37.9 years Texas median age: 34.5 years Zip codes: 76262. Estimated median household income in 2016: $131,470 ( it was $95,416 in 2000)Flower Mound: $131,470TX: $56,565Estimated per capita income in 2016: $49,453 ( it was $34,699 in 2000) Flower Mound town income, earnings, and wages data Estimated median house or condo value in 2016: $344,300 ( it was $181,800 in 2000 )Flower Mound: $344,300TX: $161,500Mean prices in 2016: All housing units: $290,558; Detached houses: $301,163; Townhouses or other attached units: $211,808; In 2-unit structures: $113,190; In 3-to-4-unit structures: $132,187; In 5-or-more-unit structures: $145,213; Mobile homes: $74,761; Occupied boats, RVs, vans, etc. : $10,126Median gross rent in 2016: $1,710. Recent home sales, real estate maps, and home value estimator for zip code 75022Recent home sales, real estate maps, and home value estimator for zip code 75028Flower Mound, TX residents, houses, and apartments details Profiles of local businesses Kaleidoscope Behavioral Health Elite Custom Fence Stephen Masker Photography, LLCChandler & Knowles CPAs Bottle & Bottega Long Prairie Dental Texas Insurance Training Academy Paint Flower Mound Put your B&M business profile right here for free. 50,000 businesses already created their profiles!Options XUser-defined colors Preset color patterns Most recent value% change since 2k Data: Options Get link Loading data... Based on 2000-2016 data Loading data...123Hide US histogram Races in Flower Mound, TX (2016)54,28772.6%White alone7,50910.0%Asian alone7,2409.7%Hispanic2,7653.7%Black alone2,0882.8%Two or more races3380.5%American Indian alone1630.2%Other race alone90.01%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone Races in Flower Mound detailed stats: ancestries, foreign born residents, place of birth Mar. 2016 cost of living index in Flower Mound: 96.0 (near average, U. S. average is 100)Recent articles from our blog. Our writers, many of them Ph. D. graduates or candidates, create easy-to-read articles on a wide variety of topics. The return of the vinyl: a period of constant growth in sales Apr 2Police officer fatalities: facts and figures Mar 29The vegan lifestyle: Is it healthy or not? Mar 26Measuring seasonality in new housing starts Mar 23U. S. economic growth: gross domestic product Mar 20Recent posts about Flower Mound, Texas on our local forum with over 2,000,000 registered users. Flower Mound is mentioned 7,267 times on our forum: Flower Mound vs. Colleyville vs. ??? ("
},
{
"docid": "D3307963#0",
"title": "https://www.zip-codes.me/ca-california/victorville/\nVictorville CA ZIP Code",
"text": "\"US ZIP Codes Victorville ZIP Code Home California Victorville Home > California > Victorville Victorville CA ZIP Code Victorville city is located in California State, San Bernardino County and has a unique zip code assigned by the US Postal Service Office. You can search for the Victorville CA zip code by its streets and block numbers if we have some of the Victorville streets loaded in our website Victorville Area Code is 760/442/909 and Time Zone is Pacific (GMT -08:00). Victorville Zip Code - California The US ZIP Code basic format consists of five decimal numerical digits assigned to the Victorville City. An extended ZIP+4 code, introduced in the 1980s, includes the five digits of the Victorville ZIP code, a hyphen, and four more digits that determine a more specific location within a given ZIP code in Victorville, California. The Victorville Zip Code is 92392, 92393, 92394, 92395. If you want to send a mail to Victorville City, you should use the 92392, 92393, 92394, 92395 Zip Code. In 1983, the U. S. Postal Service introduced an expanded Victorville ZIP code system that it called ZIP+4, often called \"\"plus-four codes\"\", \"\"add-on codes\"\", or \"\"add ons\"\". A ZIP+4 code uses the basic 92392, 92393, 92394, 92395 Zip code plus four additional digits to identify a geographic segment within the five-digit delivery area, such as a Victorville city block, a group of apartments, an individual high-volume receiver of mail or any other unit that could use an extra identifier to aid in efficient mail sorting and delivery in California. Victorville, California - MAPWhat is the Victorville Zip Code? The Victorville Zip Code in California is 92392, 92393, 92394, 92395."
},
{
"docid": "D2272285#0",
"title": "https://www.zip-codes.me/tn-tennessee/hermitage/\nHermitage TN ZIP Code",
"text": "\"US ZIP Codes Hermitage ZIP Code Home Tennessee Hermitage Home > Tennessee > Hermitage Hermitage TN ZIP Code Hermitage city is located in Tennessee State, Davidson County and has a unique zip code assigned by the US Postal Service Office. You can search for the Hermitage TN zip code by its streets and block numbers if we have some of the Hermitage streets loaded in our website Hermitage Area Code is 615 and Time Zone is Central (GMT -06:00). Hermitage Zip Code - Tennessee The US ZIP Code basic format consists of five decimal numerical digits assigned to the Hermitage City. An extended ZIP+4 code, introduced in the 1980s, includes the five digits of the Hermitage ZIP code, a hyphen, and four more digits that determine a more specific location within a given ZIP code in Hermitage, Tennessee. The Hermitage Zip Code is 37076. If you want to send a mail to Hermitage City, you should use the 37076 Zip Code. In 1983, the U. S. Postal Service introduced an expanded Hermitage ZIP code system that it called ZIP+4, often called \"\"plus-four codes\"\", \"\"add-on codes\"\", or \"\"add ons\"\". A ZIP+4 code uses the basic 37076 Zip code plus four additional digits to identify a geographic segment within the five-digit delivery area, such as a Hermitage city block, a group of apartments, an individual high-volume receiver of mail or any other unit that could use an extra identifier to aid in efficient mail sorting and delivery in Tennessee. Hermitage, Tennessee - MAPWhat is the Hermitage Zip Code? The Hermitage Zip Code in Tennessee is 37076."
},
{
"docid": "D1561843#0",
"title": "https://www.zip-codes.me/va-virginia/suffolk/\nSuffolk VA ZIP Code",
"text": "\"US ZIP Codes Suffolk ZIP Code Home Virginia Suffolk Home > Virginia > Suffolk Suffolk VA ZIP Code Suffolk city is located in Virginia State, Suffolk City County and has a unique zip code assigned by the US Postal Service Office. You can search for the Suffolk VA zip code by its streets and block numbers if we have some of the Suffolk streets loaded in our website Suffolk Area Code is 757 and Time Zone is Eastern (GMT -05:00). Suffolk Zip Code - Virginia The US ZIP Code basic format consists of five decimal numerical digits assigned to the Suffolk City. An extended ZIP+4 code, introduced in the 1980s, includes the five digits of the Suffolk ZIP code, a hyphen, and four more digits that determine a more specific location within a given ZIP code in Suffolk, Virginia. The Suffolk Zip Code is 23432, 23433, 23434, 23435, 23436, 23437, 23438, 23439. If you want to send a mail to Suffolk City, you should use the 23432, 23433, 23434, 23435, 23436, 23437, 23438, 23439 Zip Code. In 1983, the U. S. Postal Service introduced an expanded Suffolk ZIP code system that it called ZIP+4, often called \"\"plus-four codes\"\", \"\"add-on codes\"\", or \"\"add ons\"\". A ZIP+4 code uses the basic 23432, 23433, 23434, 23435, 23436, 23437, 23438, 23439 Zip code plus four additional digits to identify a geographic segment within the five-digit delivery area, such as a Suffolk city block, a group of apartments, an individual high-volume receiver of mail or any other unit that could use an extra identifier to aid in efficient mail sorting and delivery in Virginia. Suffolk, Virginia - MAPWhat is the Suffolk Zip Code? The Suffolk Zip Code in Virginia is 23432, 23433, 23434, 23435, 23436, 23437, 23438, 23439."
},
{
"docid": "D2087678#0",
"title": "http://www.uszip.com/zip/75067\nWelcome to USZip.com",
"text": "\"Welcome to USZip.com USZip.com is an instant ZIP code lookup service featuring geographic and demographic data, crime rates, business information, educational institutes, weather and maps that can be explored by ZIP code or city name.75067 is the zip code for Lewisville, TXAlso in this location: Carrollton, TXCoppell, TXFlower Mound, TXGrapevine, TXTotal population 60,982 ▲Housing units 25,790 ▲Land area (sq. miles)13.29Density (people per sq. mile)4,588.56 ▲Water area (sq. miles)0.10Demographic data for zip code 75067Gender: Male 30,071 ▲Female 30,911 ▲Median age Male 29.50Female 30.60Gender Quantity Male 30,071Female 30,911Gender Households: Total households 24,262 ▲Family households 14,430 ▲Nonfamily households 9,832 ▲Average household size 2.50 ▲Average family size 3.22 ▲Households Quantity Family households 14,430Nonfamily households 9,832Households Housing units: Total housing units 25,790 ▲Occupied housing units 24,262 ▲Owner-occupied 9,926 ▲Renter-occupied 14,336 ▲Vacant housing units 1,528 ▲Housing Units Quantity Owner-occupied units 9,926Renter-occupied units 14,336Vacant units 1,528Housing units Age: Under 5 years 5,173 ▲5 to 9 years 4,558 ▲10 to 14 years 3,727 ▲15 to 19 years 3,691 ▲20 to 24 years 5,821 ▲25 to 34 years 13,305 ▲35 to 44 years 9,296 ▲45 to 54 years 7,608 ▲55 to 59 years 2,454 ▲60 to 64 years 1,989 ▲65 to 74 years 2,029 ▲75 to 84 years 952 ▲85 years and over 379 ▲Median age 30.00 ▲Age 2010 20000-5 5,173 4,5155-9 4,558 3,59710-14 3,727 2,99315-19 3,691 2,91720-24 5,821 5,15825-34 13,305 12,31135-44 9,296 8,68545-54 7,608 4,99855-59 2,454 1,48660-64 1,989 95565-74 2,029 1,05575-84 952 54185+ 379 167Age Race: White 28,840Hispanic or Latino 18,262Black or African American 7,201Asian 5,007American Indian & Alaska Native 203Native Hawaiian & Other Pacific Islander 39Other (One Race) 137Two or More Races 1,293Race Quantity White 28,840Hispanic / Latino 18,262Black / African American 7,201Asian 5,007American Indian & Alaska Native 203Native Hawaiian & Other Pacific Islander 39Other (One Race) 137Two or More Races 1,293Race* Based on 2010, 2000 U. S. Census data Economic data for zip code 75067Employment status: Population (16 years and over)45,483Civilian labor force 36,535Employed 34,612Unemployed 1,923Armed Forces 66Not in labor force 8,882Percent Unemployed 5.3%Type Quantity Employed 34,612Unemployed 1,923Armed Forces 66Employment status Commuting to work: Workers (16 years and over)33,484Car, truck, or van Drove alone 27,622Carpooled 3,945Public transportation (excluding taxicab)200Walked 284Other means 361Worked at home 1,072Mean travel time 25.4 min. Type Drove alone 27,622Carpooled 3,945Public transportation 200Walked 284Other means 361Worked at home 1,072Commuting to work Occupation: Civilian employed population (16 years and over)34,612Management / business / science / arts 12,242Service 5,032Sales / office 10,143Natural resources / construction / maintenance 2,899Production / transportation / material moving 4,296Type Management / business / science / arts 12,242Service 5,032Sales / office 10,143Natural resources / construction / maintenance 2,899Production / transportation / material moving 4,296Occupation Industry: Civilian employed population (16 years and over)34,612Agriculture / forestry / fishing / hunting / mining 310Construction 2,118Manufacturing 3,703Wholesale trade 1,576Retail trade 4,149Transportation / warehousing / utilities 2,320Information 1,040Finance / insurance / real estate / rental / leasing 3,523Professional / scientific / management / administrative / waste management services 4,180Educational services / health care / social assistance 5,850Arts / entertainment / recreation / accommodation / food services 3,752Public administration 604Other services 1,487Type Agriculture / forestry / fishing / hunting / mining 310Construction 2,118Manufacturing 3,703Wholesale trade 1,576Retail trade 4,149Transportation / warehousing / utilities 2,320Information 1,040Finance / insurance / real estate / rental / leasing 3,523Professional / scientific / management / administrative / waste management services 4,180Educational services / health care / social assistance 5,850Arts / entertainment / recreation / accommodation / food services 3,752Public administration 604Other services 1,487Industry Class of worker: Civilian employed population (16 years and over)34,612Private wage & salary workers 29,708Government workers 3,128Self-employed (in own not incorporated business)1,642Unpaid family workers 134Type Quantity Private wage & salary workers 29,708Government workers 3,128Self-employed 1,642Unpaid family workers 134Class of worker Income: Total households 24,153Less than $10,000 649$10,000 to $14,999 504$15,000 to $24,999 2,647$25,000 to $34,999 2,802$35,000 to $49,999 4,528$50,000 to $74,999 5,645$75,000 to $99,999 2,897$100,000 to $149,999 3,068$150,000 to $199,999 1,028$200,000 or more 385Median household income $53,331Mean household income $67,277Percentage of people whose income in the past 12 months is below the poverty level 9.8%Income Households Less than $10,000 649$10,000 - $14,999 504$15,000 - $24,999 2,647$25,000 - $34,999 2,802$35,000 - $49,999 4,528$50,000 - $74,999 5,645$75,000 - $99,999 2,897$100,000 - $149,999 3,068$150,000 - $199,999 1,028$200,000 or more 385Income* Based on 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-year estimates Public schools in 75067Name & Address Phone # of students Free lunch Pupils per teacher Chapel Hill Elementary 1800 Timber Creek Rd (469) 713-5200 0 0 0.0Creekside El 901 Valley View (469) 713-5953 550 199 12.5Dale Jackson Career Ctr 1597 S Edmonds Ln (Other/Alternative School) (469) 713-5186 0 0 0.0Degan El 1680 College Pkwy (469) 713-5967 749 153 14.3Hedrick Elementary 1532 Bellaire Blvd (469) 713-5189 529 332 11.3Hedrick Middle School 1526 Bellaire Blvd (469) 713-5188 633 210 10.3Lakeland Elementary 800 Fox Ave (469) 713-5992 782 534 12.6Learning Ctr 1601 S Edmonds Ln (Other/Alternative School) (469) 713-5185 179 56 5.5Legends Property 1800 Timber Creek Rd (469) 713-5200 0 0 0.0Lewisville H S 1098 W Main St (469) 713-5190 2,605 649 14.7Lillie J Jackson Early Childhood C 1651 Valley Pkwy (469) 713-5986 403 238 23.4Marshall Durham Middle School 2075 Edmonds Ln (469) 713-5963 767 217 11.7Middle School #15 1800 Timber Creek Rd (469) 713-5200 0 0 0.0Parkway Elementary 2100 S Valley Pkwy (469) 713-5979 494 70 13.4Rockbrook Elem 2751 Rockbrook Dr (469) 713-5968 686 187 13.1Southridge Elementary 495 W Corporate Dr (469) 713-5187 652 301 13.3Windhaven Pkwy El P O Box 217 (469) 713-5200 0 0 0.0Winfree Academy Charter School (le 341 Bennett (Other/Alternative School) (214) 222-2200 409 88 29.6List a new School »Public libraries around Lewisville, TXName Address Irving Public Librarywww.cityofirving.org801 W Irving Blvd Irving, TX 75060Lake Cities Librarywww.lakecitieslibrary.org302 S Shady Shores Dr Lake Dallas, TX 75065Lewisville Public Librarylibrary.cityoflewisville.com1197 W Main St Lewisville, TX 75067Roy And Helen Hall Memorial Librarywww.mckinneypubliclibrary.org101 E Hunt St Mckinney, TX 75069Little Elm Public Librarywww.littleelm.org100 W Eldorado Pkwy Little Elm, TX 75068List a new Library »Universities and Colleges around 75067Name Address Phone North Central Texas College1500 North Corinth Lake Dallas, TX 75065 (940) 498-2697Holy Trinity Seminarywww.holytrinityseminary.com1800 East John Carpenter Freeway Irving, TX 75062 (972) 438-2212Keller Graduate School of Management of Dvry Unvrstywww.keller.edu4800 Regent Boulevard Irving, TX 75063 (972) 929-6777List a new University »Hospitals and Medical Centers around 75067Name Address Phone # of beds Baylor Medical Ctr At Garlandwww.baylordallas.edu2300 Marie Curie Boulevard Garland, TX 75042 (972) 487-5000 185Baylor Medical Ctr At Irvingwww.bhcs.com1901 North Macarthur Boulevard Irving, TX 75061 (972) 579-8100 235Baylor/ Richardson Med Centerwww.baylorhealth.com401 West Campbell Road Richardson, TX 75080 (972) 498-4000 113Community Med Center Shermanwww.hcahealthcare.com1111 Gallagher Road Sherman, TX 75090 (903) 870-7000 128Garland Community Hospitalwww.garlandcommunity.com2696 West Walnut Street Garland, TX 75042 (972) 276-7116 113Healthsouth Plano Rehabwww.healthsouth.com2800 West 15th Street Plano, TX 75075 (972) 612-9000 65Ihs Hospital At Planowww.ihs-inc.com1621 Coit Road Plano, TX 75075 (972) 758-5200 30Lake Pointe Medical Centerwww.lakepointemedical.com6800 Scenic Drive Rowlett, TX 75088 (972) 412-2273 84Las Colinas Medical Centerwww.lascolinasmedical.com6800 North Macarthur Boulevard Irving, TX 75039 (972) 969-2000 77Medical Center Of Lewisvillewww.lewisvillemedical.com500 West Main Lewisville, TX 75057 (972) 420-1000 121Medical Center Of Planowww.medicalcenterplano.com3901 West 15th Street Plano, TX 75075 (972) 596-6800 285North Central Medical Centerwww.ncentralmedical.com4500 Medical Center Drive Mckinney, TX 75069 (972) 547-8000 159Presbyterian Hospital Of Planowww.texashealth.org6200 West Parker Road Plano, TX 75093 (972) 981-8000 155Seay Behavioral Health Centerwww.texashealth.org6200 West Parker Road Plano, TX 75093 (972) 608-8000 28Texoma Healthcare Systemwww.thcs.org1000 Memorial Drive Denison, TX 75020 (903) 416-4000 205Texoma Med Ctr Restorative\"\"1000 Memorial Drive, 4th Floor\"\" Denison, TX 75020 (903) 415-4007 29Trinity Medical Centerwww.trinitymedicalcenter.com4343 North Josey Lane Carrollton, TX 75010 (972) 492-1010 137Wilson N Jones Medical Centerwww.wnj.org500 North Highland Avenue Sherman, TX 75092 (903) 870-4611 198List a new Hospital »Hotels, Motels and other accommodations around 75067Hotel name Address # of Rooms Low rate High rate La Quinta Inn Dallas Lewisville1657 S Stemmons Fwy Lewisville, TX 75067 99 39 58Comfort Suites - Lewisville755 E Vista Ridge Mall Dr Lewisville, TX 75067 60 70 77Country Inn and Suites By Carlson Lewisville755 E Vista Ridge Mall Dr Lewisville, TX 75067 64 62 72Residence Inn Lewisville by Marriott755 E Vista Ridge Mall Dr Lewisville,"
},
{
"docid": "D123481#0",
"title": "https://www.zip-codes.me/in-indiana/greenwood/\nGreenwood IN ZIP Code",
"text": "\"US ZIP Codes Greenwood ZIP Code Home Indiana Greenwood Home > Indiana > Greenwood Greenwood IN ZIP Code Greenwood city is located in Indiana State, Johnson County and has a unique zip code assigned by the US Postal Service Office. You can search for the Greenwood IN zip code by its streets and block numbers if we have some of the Greenwood streets loaded in our website Greenwood Area Code is 317 and Time Zone is Eastern (GMT -05:00). Greenwood Zip Code - Indiana The US ZIP Code basic format consists of five decimal numerical digits assigned to the Greenwood City. An extended ZIP+4 code, introduced in the 1980s, includes the five digits of the Greenwood ZIP code, a hyphen, and four more digits that determine a more specific location within a given ZIP code in Greenwood, Indiana. The Greenwood Zip Code is 46142, 46143. If you want to send a mail to Greenwood City, you should use the 46142, 46143 Zip Code. In 1983, the U. S. Postal Service introduced an expanded Greenwood ZIP code system that it called ZIP+4, often called \"\"plus-four codes\"\", \"\"add-on codes\"\", or \"\"add ons\"\". A ZIP+4 code uses the basic 46142, 46143 Zip code plus four additional digits to identify a geographic segment within the five-digit delivery area, such as a Greenwood city block, a group of apartments, an individual high-volume receiver of mail or any other unit that could use an extra identifier to aid in efficient mail sorting and delivery in Indiana. Greenwood, Indiana - MAPWhat is the Greenwood Zip Code? The Greenwood Zip Code in Indiana is 46142, 46143."
},
{
"docid": "D1381004#0",
"title": "https://www.yellowpages.com/bedford-tx/county-clerk\nBedford, TX County Clerk",
"text": "Home Bedford, TX County Clerk Bedford, TX County Clerk About Search Results Sort: Default1. Dallas County District Clerk2600 Lone Star Dr Dallas, TX 75212 (214) 698-4901County & Parish Government Website2. Dallas County Clerk509 Main St Dallas, TX 75202 (214) 653-6018County & Parish Government Website3. Dallas County District Clerk133 N Riverfront Blvd Dallas, TX 75207 (214) 653-7358County & Parish Government Website From Business: The Dallas County Sheriff s Department offers law enforcement services to the citizens of Dallas County, Texas. Located in Dallas, it employs more than 1,600 staff members and operates several jail systems. The department offers traffic enforcement, court security, warrant execution, inmate housing and patrol services. The…4. Dallas County Clerk-Civil Sctn1201 Elm St Dallas, TX 75270 (214) 653-7441County & Parish Government Website5. Tarrant Delinquent Tax Clerk401 W Belknap St Fort Worth, TX 76196 (817) 884-1582County & Parish Government Website6. Courts Clerk133 N Riverfront Blvd Ste 16Dallas, TX 75207 (214) 653-5620County & Parish Government7."
},
{
"docid": "D1122280#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisco,_Texas\nFrisco, Texas",
"text": "\"Frisco, Texas From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Frisco, Texas City City of Frisco Flag Coat of arms Location of Frisco in Collin County, Texas Coordinates: 33°8′29″N 96°48′47″WCoordinates: 33°8′29″N 96°48′47″WCountry United States of America State Texas Counties Collin Denton Government• Type Council-manager• City Council Mayor Jeff Cheney Shona Huffman John Keating Will Sowell Tim Nelson Bill Woodard Brian Livingston• City Manager George Purefoy Area• Total 62.4 sq mi (161.6 km 2)• Land 61.8 sq mi (160.1 km 2)• Water 0.6 sq mi (1.5 km 2)Elevation 774 ft (236 m)Population ( 2010)• Total 116,989• Estimate (March 1, 2018) 173,884• Density 2,720/sq mi (1,050.2/km 2)Time zone CST ( UTC-6)• Summer ( DST) CDT ( UTC-5)ZIP codes 75033-75035, 75071Area code (s) 972 / 469 / 214FIPS code 48-27684GNIS feature ID 1336263 [1]Website www .friscotexas .gov Frisco is a city in Collin and Denton counties in Texas. It is part of the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex, and is approximately 25 miles (40 km) from both Dallas Love Field and Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport. The city population was 116,989 at the 2010 census. [ 2] As of March 1, 2018, the city had an estimated population of 173,884. [ 3] Frisco was the fastest-growing city in the United States in 2009, [4] and also the fastest-growing city in the nation from 2000 to 2009. In the late 1990s, the northern Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex suburban development tide hit the northern border of Plano and spilled into Frisco, sparking explosive growth into the 2000s. Like many of the cities in the northern suburbs of Dallas, Frisco serves as a bedroom community for many professionals who work in the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex. Since 2003, Frisco has received the designation \"\" Tree City USA \"\" by the National Arbor Day Foundation. Since the 2011 NCAA FCS Football Championship game, Frisco has unofficially adopted the nickname \"\"Fargo South\"\" [5] [6] [7] for the end of December and first week of January, during the five-year reign of the North Dakota State University Bison football team (who are based out of Fargo, ND.) The Bison (pronounced \"\"Bi z on\"\" by the huge fan base) made 5 straight trips to Frisco (2011 - 2015) [8], bringing record numbers of fans with them, most of who are from Fargo."
},
{
"docid": "D560047#0",
"title": "https://www.hotelplanner.com/zip/Euless-TX-hotels-in-76039\n76039 Hotels, Motels & Accommodations",
"text": "76039 Hotels, Motels & Accommodations Hyatt Place Dfw : 2350 Global Dr.+1-888-690-52472350 Global Dr., Dfw Airport, TX 75261~1.80 miles east of 760393 star Airport hotel Hotel has 4 meeting rooms More Photos From$ 109Very Good 4.5 /5Read Reviews More Details La Quinta Inn & Suites Dfw Airport West Euless : 431 Airport Freeway+1-888-305-3366431 Airport Freeway, Euless, TX 76040~1.97 miles southwest of 760393-star Airport hotel Airport shuttle available Most guests said the reception staff was great Tasty breakfast More Photos From$ 84Very Good 4.5 /5Review Score More Details Best Western Plus Dfw Airport West Euless+1-800-881-1523421 Airport Fwy, Euless, TX 76040~2.01 miles southwest of 76039Midscale Airport hotel Hotel has 66 rooms More Photos From$ 55Very Good 4.5 /5Read Reviews More Details American Airlines Conference Center in Fort Worth+1-888-283-34044501 Highway 360 South, Fort Worth, TX 76155~2.12 miles south of 760393 star Airport hotel Check in: 3:00 PMMore Photos From$ 80More Details Microtel Inn & Suites+1-866-221-8581901 Airport Frwy West, Euless, TX 76040~2.24 miles southwest of 76039Low Cost Highway property Hotel has 10 suites Service desk would not help us Awful rooms More Photos From$ 45Average 3.0 /5Reviews More Details Quality Inn+1-866-429-57871001 West Airport Freeway, Euless, TX 76040~2.29 miles southwest of 76039Low priced Airport hotel Airport shuttle provided Bathroom needs cleaning Rooms could be cleaner More Photos From$ 30Poor 2.5 /5Latest Reviews More Details Hyatt Regency Dfw : 2334 North International Pkwy.+1-888-690-52812334 North International Pkwy., Dfw Airport, TX 75261~2.35 miles east of 76039High end Airport property72 conference rooms in property Clean and very comfortable beds Rather comfortable More Photos From$ 109Very Good 4.0 /5Read Reviews More Details Hampton Inn & Suites Colleyville Dfw Airport West+1-888-690-52475300 State Highway 121, Colleyville, TX 76034~2.49 miles northwest of 76039Mid-scale Rural hotel5 floors in property More Photos From$ 99Very Good 4.5 /5Read Reviews More Details Motel 6 - Bedford+1-888-305-33662904 Crystal Springs St., Bedford, TX 76021~2.52 miles west of 76039Economical Airport property Fitness / Gym is on-site From$ 44Poor 2.5 /5Latest Reviews More Details Hampton Inn & Suites Dallas Ft. Worth Airport South : 4201 Reggis Court+1-800-881-15234201 Reggis Court, Ft Worth, TX 76155~2.55 miles south of 760393 star property116 rooms in property From$ 90Very Good 4.5 /5Reviews More Details Candlewood Suites Dfw South : 4200 Reggis Court+1-888-283-34044200 Reggis Court, Fort Worth, TX 76155~2.56 miles south of 760392-star Airport property174 suites in property From$ 71Very Good 4.0 /5Read Reviews More Details Holiday Inn Dfw South in Fort Worth+1-866-221-858114320 Centre Station Dr., Fort Worth, TX 76155~2.61 miles south of 76039Three Star Airport hotel Fitness + Health Center Quiet room Most guests said the beds were comfortable From$ 76Very Good 4.5 /5Recent Reviews More Details Dfw Airport Marriott South+1-866-429-57874151 Centreport Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76155~2.65 miles south of 76039Four star Airport property Airport shuttle available Most guests were unsatisfied with the kitchenette Most guests thought the service was very professional From$ 89Very Good 4.0 /5Review Score More Details Days Inn & Suites Dfw Airport+1-888-690-528113954 Trinity Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76040~2.66 miles south of 76039Inexpensive Airport property Fitness center on property Bathroom needs cleaning Near the airport From$ 39Poor 2.5 /5Recent Reviews More Details La Quinta : 4301 Cambridge Rd.+1-888-690-52474301 Cambridge Rd., Ft Worth, TX 76155~2.81 miles southeast of 760393-star hotel From$ 80More Details Thryv Hotel & Conference Center - Dallas+1-888-305-33662200 West Airfield Dr., Dallas, TX 75261~3.01 miles north of 760393 star Airport property Hotel has 2 suites From$ 119Average 3.0 /5Recent Reviews More Details Quality Inn & Suites : 4940 West Airport Freeway+1-800-881-15234940 West Airport Freeway, Irving, TX 75062~3.15 miles southeast of 76039Three Star Airport hotel2 meeting rooms in hotel Clean hotel facilities Close to DFW airport From$ 54Very Good 4.0 /5Recent Reviews More Details Courtyard by Marriott Dfw Airport South Irving : 2280 Valley View Lane+1-888-283-34042280 Valley View Lane, Irving, TX 75062~3.18 miles east of 760393 star Airport hotel Hotel has 4 floors Room was clean Pleasant hotel grounds From$ 79Very Good 4.0 /5Reviews More Details Residence Inn Dallas Dfw Airport South / Irving in Irving+1-866-221-85812200 Valley View Lane, Irving, TX 75062~3.20 miles east of 76039Three Star Airport hotel Airport shuttle available Excellent value Clean From$ 79Very Good 4.5 /5Review Score More Details Hilton Garden Inn Dfw Airport South : 2001 Valley View Lane+1-866-429-57872001 Valley View Lane, Irving, TX 75061~3.22 miles southeast of 76039Three Star Airport hotel20 suites in hotel From$ 85Very Good 4.0 /5Hotel Reviews More Details Holiday Inn Dfw West Bedford+1-888-690-52813005 Airport Freeway, Bedford, TX 76021~3.23 miles west of 760393-star Airport hotel Check in: 3:00 PMFrom$ 99Very Good 4.0 /5Read Reviews More Details Embassy Suites Hotel Dfw South in Irving+1-888-690-52474650 West Airport Freeway, Irving, TX 75062~3.36 miles southeast of 76039Affordable Airport property Hotel has 10 floors Average sized rooms Shower can be a problem From$ 89Very Good 4.0 /5Guest Reviews More Details Atrium Hotel & Suites - Irving+1-888-305-33664600 West Airport Freeway, Irving, TX 75062~3.39 miles southeast of 76039Mid-scale Airport property Check-in: 3:00PMFrom$ 57Average 3.5 /5Recent Reviews More Details La Quinta Inn & Suites Dfw Airport West – Bedford : 1809 Highway 121+1-800-881-15231809 Highway 121, Bedford, TX 76021~3.42 miles west of 76039Three Star Downtown property Fitness center on property From$ 79Very Good 4.5 /5Guest Reviews More Details La Quinta Grand Prairie in Grand Prairie+1-888-283-34041410 North Highway 161, Grand Prairie, TX 75050~3.47 miles east of 760393-star Highway property Check in time: 1:00pm From$ 29Poor 2.5 /5Hotel Reviews More Details Dfw Airport Hotel & Conference Center - Irving+1-866-221-85814440 West Airport Fwy, Irving, TX 75062~3.52 miles east of 76039Cheap Airport property280 rooms in hotel Most guests thought the building wasn't nice Rooms could be cleaner From$ 35Poor 2.0 /5Review Score More Details Holiday Inn Express & Suites Dallas Ft. Worth Airport South in Irving+1-866-429-57874235 West Airport Freeway, Irving, TX 75062~3.69 miles east of 76039Inexpensive Airport property Hotel has 128 suites From$ 79Very Good 4.0 /5Hotel Reviews More Details Super 8 Dfw South+1-888-690-52814245 West Airport Freeway, Irving, TX 75062~3.75 miles east of 76039Inexpensive Airport property Hotel has 2 meeting rooms Almost all guests were happy with the shuttle service Good shuttle service From$ 45Poor 2.5 /5Read Reviews More Details Americas Best Value Inn Bedford / Dfw Airport+1-888-690-52472501 West Airport Freeway, Bedford, TX 76021~3.75 miles west of 76039Two-star property Hotel has 40 rooms Dim light bulbs Service for free From$ 60Poor 2.5 /5Hotel Reviews More Details Country Inn & Suites Dfw Airport South / Arlington+1-888-305-33662000 Hard Rock, Irving, TX 75061~3.76 miles east of 76039Affordable Airport property Hotel has a green policy See policy Most guests said the reception staff was great Most guests said the beds were comfortable From$ 62Very Good 4.0 /5Guest Reviews More Details Homewood Suites by Hilton Ft. Worth Bedford+1-800-881-15232401 Airport Freeway, Bedford, TX 76021~3.78 miles west of 76039Affordable Suburban property Comp. Breakfast From$ 74Average 3.5 /5Recent Reviews More Details Courtyard Dallas Dfw Airport West / Bedford+1-888-283-34042201 Airport Freeway, Bedford, TX 76021~3.84 miles west of 76039Mid-scale Airport property6 meeting rooms in hotel From$ 75Very Good 4.0 /5Reviews More Details Marriott Towneplace Suites Bedford Texas - Bedford+1-866-221-85812301 Plaza Pkwy., Bedford, TX 76021~3.86 miles west of 76039Four-star Airport property Hotel has 3 floors Good breakfast Easily accessible by car From$ 70Very Good 4.0 /5Latest Reviews More Details Best Western Irving Inn & Suites at Dfw Airport+1-866-429-57874110 West Airport Fwy, Irving, TX 75062~3.91 miles east of 76039Affordable Airport property140 rooms in hotel From$ 54Average 3.5 /5Hotel Reviews More Details La Quinta Inn & Suites Dfw Airport South : 4105 West Airport Freeway+1-888-690-52814105 West Airport Freeway, Irving, TX 75062~3.96 miles east of 76039Economy Airport property Check-in: 3 PMBreakfast is average No scrambled eggs From$ 39Very Good 4.5 /5Reviews More Details Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott+1-888-690-52474210 West Airport Freeway, Irving, TX 75062~4.12 miles east of 76039Three Star Airport property Airport shuttle available From$ 74Very Good 4.0 /5Latest Reviews More Details Holiday Inn Express & Suites Dfw Grapevine in Grapevine+1-888-305-3366309 State Highway 114 West, Grapevine, TX 76051~4.18 miles north of 760393-star Airport hotel Check in: 15:00Beds were very comfortable Reception is all right From$ 99Very Good 4.0 /5Latest Reviews More Details Hilton Garden Inn Dfw North / Grapevine - Grapevine+1-800-881-1523205 West State Highway 114, Grapevine, TX 76051~4.18 miles north of 76039Affordable Airport hotel Hotel has 110 rooms Most guests enjoyed the furniture Good furniture From$ 105Very Good 4.0 /5Review Score More Details Super 8 Hotel Grapevine / Dfw Airport : 250 East State Highway 114+1-888-283-3404250 East State Highway 114, Grapevine, TX 76051~4.19 miles north of 76039Economical Downtown property Shuttle from airport available From$ 79Very Good 4.5 /5Guest Reviews More Details Extended Stay Deluxe Dallas Las Colinas Meadow Cre+1-866-221-8581605 Meadow Creek Dr., Las Colinas, TX 75038~4.22 miles east of 760393-star Suburban property4 floors in hotel Great location Spacious rooms From$ 60Average 3.5 /5Reviews More Detai"
},
{
"docid": "D220852#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Ridge,_Texas\nBlue Ridge, Texas",
"text": "\"Blue Ridge, Texas From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For the community in Houston, see Blue Ridge, Houston. Blue Ridge, Texas City Location of Blue Ridge in Collin County, Texas Coordinates: 33°17′57″N 96°24′6″WCoordinates: 33°17′57″N 96°24′6″WCountry United States State Texas County Collin Area• Total 1.12 sq mi (2.9 km 2)• Land 1.12 sq mi (2.9 km 2)• Water 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km 2)Elevation 614 ft (187 m)Population ( 2010)• Total 822• Density 733.9/sq mi (283.4/km 2)Time zone Central (CST) ( UTC-6)• Summer ( DST) CDT ( UTC-5)ZIP code 75424Area code (s) 972FIPS code 48-08872 [1]GNIS feature ID 1352485 [2]Website blueridgecity .com Blue Ridge is a city in Collin County, Texas, United States. The population was 822 at the 2010 census. Contents [ hide ]1 Geography2 Demographics3 History4 References5 External links Geography [ edit]Blue Ridge is located at 33°17′57″N 96°24′6″W (33.299206, -96.401616). [ 3]According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.12 square miles (2.9 km 2 ), all of it land. Demographics [ edit]Historical population Census Pop. % ±1940 424 —1950 306 −27.8%1960 330 7.8%1970 384 16.4%1980 442 15.1%1990 521 17.9%2000 672 29.0%2010 822 22.3%Est. 2016 831 [4] 1.1%U. S. Decennial Census [5]As of the census [1] of 2010, there were 822 people, 284 households, and 210 families residing in the city. The population density was 733.9 people per square mile (283.4/km²). There were 323 housing units at an average density of 288.4 per square mile (111.4/km²)."
},
{
"docid": "D347650#0",
"title": "https://www.rentcafe.com/3-bedroom-apartments-for-rent/us/in/fort-wayne/\n3 Bedroom Apartments for Rent in Fort Wayne, IN - 15 Rentals available",
"text": "Home Indiana Allen County Fort Wayne Neighborhoods Aboite Meadows East Central Fort Wayne Fairfield Highland Park Inverness Lakes Lakewood Park Liberty Hill Mill Ridge Place Rolling Rose Wilmarbee+ More3 Bedroom Apartments for Rent in Fort Wayne, IN - 15 Rentals available Save Search Sort By Best Match Apartment in Wilmarbee Colony Bay Apartments6530 Covington Road, Fort Wayne, IN 46804$495 - $1,4501-3 Beds 1-2 Baths Leto Realty Available Today!Apply Now Contact (260) 432-2510x303Apartment in Lakewood Park Winchester Woods2008 Woodhaven Dr., Fort Wayne, IN 46819$520 - $8001-3 Beds 1-2 Baths Available Today!Apply Now Contact (844) 368-5670Apartment in Mill Ridge Place Windsor Oaks10001 Pin Oak Cir., Fort Wayne, IN 46835$800 - $1,1351-3 Beds 1-2 Baths Regency Windsor Management Available Today!Apply Now Contact (260) 485-8855Home in Woodland Lake Scheumann Properties II LLC5710 Coventry Lane, Fort Wayne, IN 46804$1,030 - $1,2843 Beds 2 Baths Available Today!Apply Now Contact (260) 489-3052Apartment in Highland Park The Summit At Ridgewood1035 Ridgewood Drive, Fort Wayne, IN 46805$511 - $1,1801-3 Beds 1-1.5 Baths Available Today!Apply Now Contact (260) 483-3196Apartment in East Central Fort Wayne Chapel Oaks Apartments859 Buchanan Street, Fort Wayne, IN 46803$460 - $6001-4 Beds 1 Bath Available Today!Apply Now Contact (844) 330-1038Apartment in Rolling Rose Village At Wayne Trace3702 Trace Circle, Fort Wayne, IN 46806Contact for Pricing2-4 Beds 2 Baths Contact (260) 441-2009Home in Fairfield3510 S Harrison St3510 S Harrison St, Fort Wayne, IN 46807$6193 Beds 1 Bath Available Today!Apply Now Contact (904) 400-7501Apartment in Inverness Lakes Preston Pointe At Inverness8075 Preston Pointe, Fort Wayne, IN 46804Contact for Pricing1-4 Beds 1-2 Baths Apply Now Contact (855) 478-4224Apartment in Liberty Hill CCS Properties, LLC5710 Coventry Lane, Fort Wayne, IN 46804Contact for Pricing3 Beds 2 Baths Apply Now Contact (260) 489-3052Sort By Best Match Average Rent for 3 Bedroom apartments in Fort Wayne, INThe average rent for a 3 Bedroom apartment in Fort Wayne, IN, February 2018$1,023 /mo All Rentals $719 1 Bedroom $5762 Bedrooms $765Fort Wayne, IN 3 Bedroom Apartment Rent Ranges$501-$700 13%$701-$1,000 42%$1,001-$1,500 43%$1,501-$2,000 2%Fort Wayne, IN 3 Bedroom Apartment Rent Trends Average Rent View as table/View as graph Check out the average rent prices in Fort Wayne by neighborhood. Most Expensive 3 Bedroom Apartment Colony Bay Apartments $495 - $1,450Cheapest 3 Bedroom Apartment Chapel Oaks Apartments$460 - $600Renting a 3 bedroom apartment in Fort Wayne, INWith 15 apartments in Fort Wayne, IN, it can be hard finding just the right 3 bedroom apartment. Before you even start thinking about size, price and features, you have to choose a neighborhood. And that’s no easy task, considering that, depending on the area, you get a wide range of rentals in Fort Wayne, IN, from very cheap to very expensive. Then you also have to factor in the distance to work, kindergarten and/or school. It’s an important decision, as most likely you’re going to spend the next couple of years in this apartment with your family. You are not just searching for an apartment to live in, you’re searching for a home. The internet is supposed to help, but it only confuses you further with redundant lists of things you should pay attention to. We know the feeling very well."
},
{
"docid": "D1280357#0",
"title": "https://www.zip-codes.me/oh-ohio/doylestown/\nDoylestown OH ZIP Code",
"text": "\"US ZIP Codes Doylestown ZIP Code Home Ohio Doylestown Home > Ohio > Doylestown Doylestown OH ZIP Code Doylestown city is located in Ohio State, Wayne County and has a unique zip code assigned by the US Postal Service Office. You can search for the Doylestown OH zip code by its streets and block numbers if we have some of the Doylestown streets loaded in our website Doylestown Area Code is 330 and Time Zone is Eastern (GMT -05:00). Doylestown Zip Code - Ohio The US ZIP Code basic format consists of five decimal numerical digits assigned to the Doylestown City. An extended ZIP+4 code, introduced in the 1980s, includes the five digits of the Doylestown ZIP code, a hyphen, and four more digits that determine a more specific location within a given ZIP code in Doylestown, Ohio. The Doylestown Zip Code is 44230. If you want to send a mail to Doylestown City, you should use the 44230 Zip Code. In 1983, the U. S. Postal Service introduced an expanded Doylestown ZIP code system that it called ZIP+4, often called \"\"plus-four codes\"\", \"\"add-on codes\"\", or \"\"add ons\"\". A ZIP+4 code uses the basic 44230 Zip code plus four additional digits to identify a geographic segment within the five-digit delivery area, such as a Doylestown city block, a group of apartments, an individual high-volume receiver of mail or any other unit that could use an extra identifier to aid in efficient mail sorting and delivery in Ohio. Doylestown, Ohio - MAPWhat is the Doylestown Zip Code? The Doylestown Zip Code in Ohio is 44230."
}
] |
8596 | zacky vengeance net worth | [
{
"docid": "D2323341#0",
"title": "http://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-celebrities/rock-stars/zacky-vengeance-net-worth/\nZacky Vengeance Net Worth",
"text": "Zacky Vengeance Net Worth How much is Zacky Vengeance Worth?in Richest Celebrities › Rock Stars Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Random Celebrity Zacky Vengeance net worth:$18 Million Zacky Vengeance Net Worth: Zacky Vengeance is the rhythm guitarist, backing vocalist, and founding member for the American heavy metal band Avenged Sevenfold who has a net worth of $18 million dollars. Zacky Vengeance was born Zachary James Baker on December 11, 1981 in Olympia, Washington and grew up in Huntington Beach, California where he attended Huntington Beach High School and formed Avenged Sevenfold there with M. Shadows and The Rev. Before Avenged Sevenfold, his first band was a crust punk band called Society Down. After Society Down, he formed a punk band called MPA*, which stands for Mad Porno Action. He implied that they were both unsuccessful. Baker came up with his stage name Zacky Vengeance because he wanted to get back at all the people from his youth who doubted his potential. He also came up with Jonathan Seward's stage name Johnny Christ, saying it suited him. Vengeance was also responsible for the creation of the shortned symbol for the band: A7X. He is of Italian and German descent. Despite playing the guitar left handed, Vengeance recalls the first guitar he learned to play on was actually a right-handed his parents had bought him for his thirteenth birthday. He learned by playing upside-down, watching his favorite bands and other people he knew who played, and practiced as much as he could. He would also read each edition of Guitar World cover to cover, learning the tabs of the songs published there and watching the professionals perform them until he could play them."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D733974#0",
"title": "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/avenged\navenged",
"text": "\"avenged Also found in: Thesaurus, Legal, Idioms .a·venge (ə-vĕnj′)tr.v. a·venged, a·veng·ing, a·veng·es1. To inflict a punishment or penalty in return for; revenge: avenge a murder.2. To take vengeance on behalf of: avenged their wronged parents. [ Middle English avengen, from Old French avengier : a-, to (from Latin ad-; see ad-) + vengier, to vindicate (from Latin vindicāre, to claim; see vindicate ). ] a·veng′er n.a·veng′ing·ly adv. American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved."
},
{
"docid": "D1135532#0",
"title": "http://www.imdb.com/title/tt3636060/\nPoldark",
"text": "\"FULL CAST AND CREW | TRIVIA | USER REVIEWS | IMDb Pro | MORESHARE8.4/ 1016,725Rate This Poldark TV-14 | 1h | Drama, History, Romance | TV Series (2015– )Episode Guide35 episodes Ross Poldark returns home after American Revolutionary War and rebuilds his life with a new business venture, making new enemies and finding a new love where he least expects it. Creator: Debbie Horsfield Stars: Aidan Turner, Eleanor Tomlinson, Jack Farthing | See full cast & crew »Reviews59 user | 17 critic Popularity322 ( 7 )Watch Now With Prime Video WATCH NOWTop-Rated Episodes S1. E8Episode #1.8Ross faces ruin as, along with the rest of his collective, he must sell to the Warleggans' company at a nominal price. At the same time the disease known as putrid throat sweeps through the county, ...9.1 Rate S2. E10Episode #2.10The mine is at last bringing Ross wealth but Demelza, still slow to forgive, goes to stay with new mother Verity. An angry Ross gives the snide Warleggan a beating after his suggestion that Ross is ...9.1 Rate S1. E4Episode #1.4The news of Demelza and Poldark's marriage spreads through the community, threatening Wheal Leisure's prospects.9.0 Rate See more episodes »Watchlist: Patton Oswalt Loves \"\"Ash vs Evil Dead\"\"Patton Oswalt chats with Tim and Kerri from \"\" The IMDb Show \"\" about their latest movie and TV obsessions. Get their Watchlist recommendations Related News First Look at the BBC’s Adaptation of H. G. Wells’ ‘The War of the Worlds’4 days ago | Variety - TV News Mammoth Screen To Adapt Christie Watson’s Nursing Novel ‘The Language Of Kindness’ For Television7 days ago | Deadline TVAttack of the Adult Babies set for UK release in June29 March 2018 | Flickeringmyth See all related articles »Around The Web Powered by Zerg Net Editorial Lists Related lists from IMDb editors Popular TV Series Streaming with Prime Videoa list of 10 titles updated 2 months ago Popular Television Titles to Discover on Amazon Videoa list of 25 titles updated 5 months ago2017-2018 Fall TV Premiere Datesa list of 157 titles updated 5 months ago October TV Calendara list of 56 titles updated 5 months ago Create a list »User Lists Related lists from IMDb users Seriesa list of 47 titles created 18 Mar 2011TV seriesa list of 28 titles created 1 month ago Tv Shows To Watcha list of 42 titles created 02 Feb 2014The English Cinematic Universea list of 46 titles created 1 month ago Vistasa list of 21 titles created 10 months ago See all related lists »How Much Have You Seen? How many episodes of Poldark have you seen? Related Items Search for \"\" Poldark \"\" on Amazon.com Share this Rating Title: Poldark (2015– )8.4 /10Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site?"
},
{
"docid": "D3163015#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avenged_Sevenfold\nAvenged Sevenfold",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Avenged Sevenfold Avenged Sevenfold in 2016. From left to right: M Shadows, Zacky Vengeance, Johnny Christ, Synyster Gates, and Brooks Wackerman Background information Also known as A7XOrigin Huntington Beach, California, U. S. Genres Heavy metal progressive metalhard rock metalcore (early)Years active 1999–present Labels Capitol Warner Bros. Hopeless Good Life Associated acts Pinkly Smooth, Successful Failure Website avengedsevenfold .com Members M. Shadows Synyster Gates Zacky Vengeance Johnny Christ Brooks Wackerman Past members Matt Wendt The Rev Justin Sane Dameon Ash Arin Ilejay Avenged Sevenfold (sometimes abbreviated as A7X) is an American heavy metal band from Huntington Beach, California, formed in 1999. The band's current lineup consists of lead vocalist M. Shadows, rhythm guitarist and backing vocalist Zacky Vengeance, lead guitarist and backing vocalist Synyster Gates, bassist and backing vocalist Johnny Christ, and drummer Brooks Wackerman. Avenged Sevenfold is known for its diverse rock sound and dramatic imagery in album covers and merchandise. [ 1] Avenged Sevenfold emerged with a metalcore sound on the band's debut Sounding the Seventh Trumpet and continued this sound through their second album Waking the Fallen. However, Avenged Sevenfold's style had evolved by the band's third album and first major label release, City of Evil, into a heavy metal and hard rock style. The band continued to explore new sounds with its self-titled release and enjoyed continued mainstream success before their drummer, James \"\"The Rev\"\" Sullivan, died in 2009. Despite his death, Avenged Sevenfold continued on with the help of now-former Dream Theater drummer Mike Portnoy, and released and toured in support of its fifth album Nightmare in 2010, which debuted on the top spot of the Billboard 200, Avenged Sevenfold's first number one debut. [ 2] In 2011 drummer Arin Ilejay joined the band on tours and recording. Avenged Sevenfold's sixth studio album Hail to the King, which was released in 2013, marked the only Avenged Sevenfold album featuring Arin Ilejay."
},
{
"docid": "D1525756#0",
"title": "http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/voice-compare/Wonder-Woman/Ares/\nAres",
"text": "\"Created by Pokejedservo on May 27 2010 Special thanks to Ultimate Charm, Tyler Mirage for additional sound clips. Justice League Unlimited (2004)Michael York Wonder Woman (2009)Alfred Molina Injustice: Gods Among Us (2013)JG Hertzler DC Super Hero Girls (2015)Fred Tatasciore Sponsored by Revcontent You May Like Remember Her? Try Not to Gasp when You See Her Now Remember Her? Take a Deep Breath Before You See What She Looks Like Now 'Harry Potter' Star Reveals He's Dating a Man Recognize Her? You Will when You See Her Before Her Plastic Surgery Honeymooner's Final Seconds: What Happens Next is Heartbreaking Robin Williams Final Net Worth Brought Us to Tears 30 Big Stars Who Have Yet to Win Hollywood's Most Coveted Award Remember 'The Human Barbie'? Well, You Should See Her Now Comments Add a Comment8000 Saiyanssaid at 11:13 AM on Wed Mar 14 20181 Shout Out!J. G. Herzler is my favorite. Reply Starscreamsfansaid at 3:33 PM on Tue Feb 13 20181 Shout Out!I really like J. G. Hertzler the most in here. He has a really authoritative sound to his voice and the effects really help the performance a lot, making him sound more booming and powerful. Alfred Molina has a great authoritative delivery and he does sound pretty theatrical. I just love his take as much as J. G.'s."
},
{
"docid": "D1998502#0",
"title": "https://networth123.com/rita-moreno-net-worth/\nRita Moreno Net Worth",
"text": "\"Home / Richest Singers / Rita Moreno Net Worth Richest Singers Rita Moreno Net Worth Jennifer Field December 23, 2017 0 Comments 676 Less than a minute Rita Moreno Net Worth is$25 Million Rita Moreno Bio/Wiki 2017Rita Moreno Net Worth $25 Million Puerto Rican singer, dancer, and actress Rita Moreno comes with an estimated net worth of $25 million. She’s the sole Hispanic, and among the few performers to have all four important yearly American amusement awards, including an Oscar, an Emmy, a Grammy as well as a Tony, colloquially generally known as an EGOT. She’s in addition the second Puerto Rican to win an Academy Award. She moved to The Big Apple with her mom when she was five and took her first dance lessons. In the age of 11, she did Spanish language voice-over work. By 14, she appeared in her first Broadway show, Sky drift, playing the part of Angelina. Her performance caught the attention of Hollywood talent scouts. In 1961, she got the part of Anita in the film adaptation of the award winning musical West Side Story. Her performance earned her the Best Supporting Actress Academy Award. Rita Moreno can also be recognized for her work with The Electric Company and Oz, an HBO play."
},
{
"docid": "D3246398#0",
"title": "https://marriedwiki.com/wiki/the-undertaker\nThe Undertaker",
"text": "\"Married Wiki Biography The Undertaker Published on : 28 April, 2017 In Biography Marital status : Married Facts of The Undertaker Date of Birth : March 24 , 1965Age : 53 years old Family Name : Undertaker Birth Place : United States Birth Sign : Aries Height : 6 Feet 10 Inch Relationship short Statistics of The Undertaker What is The Undertaker marital status ? ( married,single, in relation or divorce): Married How many children does The Undertaker have ? ( name): 4 Children Is The Undertaker having any relationship affair ? : No Is The Undertaker Gay ? No0 Affair 3 Married 4 Children Contents: Early Life & Education Professional Wrestling Career Personal Life Net Worth Born name Mark William Calaway is best known by the ring name “The Undertaker” is an American retired professional wrestler, is signed to World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). He started his wrestling career in 1984 with World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW). After wrestling for World Championship Wrestling (WCW), he signed with the then World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) in 1990. He is broadly regarded as one of the extreme professional wrestlers of all time. Early Life & Education The 52-years-old Mark William Calaway known by his stage name The Undertaker grew up in Houston, Texas, with four elder brothers and parents, Frank Compton Calaway (died 22 July 2003), and Betty Catherine Truby. He belongs to white ethnicity and holds an American nationality."
},
{
"docid": "D2446072#0",
"title": "https://www.celebritysizes.com/bae-doona-bra-size-age-weight-height-measurements/\nBae Doona Bra Size, Age, Weight, Height, Measurements",
"text": "Bae Doona Bra Size, Age, Weight, Height, Measurements Posted on July 26, 2017 by Jena 0 Comments Biography: Bae Doona was born on October 11, 1979 in Seoul, South Korea. She got into acting at an early age because her mother works as a stage actress. While studying at Hanyang University, she was discovered as a model. In 1998, she made her acting debut on the Korean show Angel’s Kiss. She made her film debut in the Korean feature The Ring Virus. In the 2000s, she had roles in the films Barking Dogs Never Bite and Plum Blossom. She then became widely recognized for her performance in Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance. In 2005, she made her Japanese debut in Linda Linda Linda. She next became known for her role in the Korean movie The Host. She made her international debut in the German-American film Cloud Atlas."
},
{
"docid": "D529925#0",
"title": "http://www.definitions.net/definition/retribution\nDefinitions &Translations",
"text": "\"Princeton's Word Net (5.00 / 1 vote)Rate this definition:retribution, requital (noun)a justly deserved penaltyretribution (noun)the act of correcting for your wrongdoingvengeance, retribution, payback (noun)the act of taking revenge (harming someone in retaliation for something harmful that they have done) especially in the next life\"\"Vengeance is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord\"\"--Romans 12:19; \"\"For vengeance I would do nothing. This nation is too great to look for mere revenge\"\"--James Garfield; \"\"he swore vengeance on the man who betrayed him\"\"; \"\"the swiftness of divine retribution\"\"Wiktionary (0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition:retribution (Noun)Punishment inflicted in the spirit of moral outrage or personal vengeance. Origin: from retribuere. Webster Dictionary (0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Retribution (noun)the act of retributing; repayment Retribution (noun)that which is given in repayment or compensation; return suitable to the merits or deserts of, as an action; commonly, condign punishment for evil or wrong Retribution (noun)specifically, reward and punishment, as distributed at the general judgment Freebase (4.00 / 1 vote)Rate this definition: Retribution Retribution is a 2006 mystery film, directed by Kiyoshi Kurosawa, of a detective's investigation of serial murders that leads him to a mysterious woman in red who slowly draws him into the darkness. Numerology Chaldean Numerology The numerical value of retribution in Chaldean Numerology is: 3Pythagorean Numerology The numerical value of retribution in Pythagorean Numerology is: 7Sample Sentences & Example Usage Steve King: This is retribution on the highest scale. Hosea Ballou: Disease is the retribution of outraged Nature. Terry Goodkind, \"\"Blood of the Fold\"\": But if used for retribution, magic is vengeance incarnate. Steve King: He's currently throwing tantrums, this is retribution on the highest scale. President Vladimir Putin: It (our campaign) must be intensified in such a way that the criminals understand that retribution is inevitable. Images & Illustrations of retribution \""
},
{
"docid": "D2746502#0",
"title": "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Arch+nemesis\nnemesis",
"text": "\"nemesis (redirected from Arch nemesis) Also found in: Thesaurus, Legal, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia .nem·e·sis (nĕm′ĭ-sĭs)n. pl. nem·e·ses (-sēz′)1. A source of harm or ruin: Uncritical trust is my nemesis.2. Retributive justice in its execution or outcome: To follow the proposed course of action is to invite nemesis.3. An opponent that cannot be beaten or overcome.4. One that inflicts retribution or vengeance.5. Nemesis Greek Mythology The goddess of retributive justice or vengeance. [ Greek, retribution, the goddess Nemesis, from nemein, to allot; see nem- in Indo-European roots . ] American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition."
},
{
"docid": "D617986#0",
"title": "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/retribution\nretribution",
"text": "\"retribution Also found in: Thesaurus, Legal, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia .ret·ri·bu·tion (rĕt′rə-byo͞o′shən)n.1. Punishment administered in return for a wrong committed.2. Theology Punishment or reward distributed in a future life based on performance in thisone. [ Middle English retribucion, repayment, reward, from Old French retribution, from Late Latin retribūtiō, retribūtiōn-, from Latin retribūtus, past participle of retribuere, to pay back : re-, re- + tribuere, to grant; see tribe . ] re·trib′u·tive (rĭ-trĭb′yə-tĭv), re·trib′u·to·ry (-tôr′ē) adj.re·trib′u·tive·ly adv. American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.retribution ( ˌrɛtrɪˈbjuːʃən) n1. the act of punishing or taking vengeance for wrongdoing, sin, or injury2."
},
{
"docid": "D3363980#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_old_is_Avenged_Sevenfold\nHow old is Avenged Sevenfold?",
"text": "Flag How old is Avenged Sevenfold? Edit Answer by JT52 Confidence votes 423The US heavy metal band Avenged Sevenfold was formed in 1999. Original members were Matthew Sanders (M. Shadows) - born July 31, 1981 Zachary Baker (Zacky Vengeance) - born December 11, 1981 Matt Wendt James O. Sullivan (The Rev) - (February 9, 1981 - December 28, 2009) In 2001, the band added Brian Haner Jr. (Synester Gates) - born July 7, 1981 Justin Geever (Justin Sane) - born February 21, 1973 In 2002, the band added Jonathan Seward (Johnny Christ) - born November 18, 19842 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No"
},
{
"docid": "D2543057#0",
"title": "http://www.product-reviews.net/2013/06/19/black-ops-2-dlc-3-with-buried-zombies-ray-gun-2/\nBlack Ops 2 DLC 3 with Buried zombies, Ray Gun 2",
"text": "Black Ops 2 DLC 3 with Buried zombies, Ray Gun 2By Alan Ng - Jun 19, 2013It is that time again for Black Ops 2 players on Xbox 360, as it looks like Black Ops 2 DLC 3 is finally upon us. Activision has now released a gameplay trailer, confirming the name to be Vengeance – the new map pack that will come with four new multiplayer maps and another brand new zombie map to play as well. Without further ado, Black Ops 2 players on Xbox 360 will be able to pick up Vengeance on July 2nd. It will come with Uplink, Detour, Cove and Rush, as multiplayer maps. However, the most exciting aspect of the pack is a new zombies map called Buried. In addition, we can also confirm that Treyarch will be offering a bonus zombie weapon to use – the Ray Gun Mark II. We didn’t see a free weapon with Uprising, but we’re glad to see that Treyarch is bringing the bonus back with Vengeance. This is the official description that Treyarch has provided with regards to the exciting new zombie adventure that is about to drop:“Players will be challenged to face their deepest fears, trapped inside a long-forgotten subterranean Old West mining town infested with swarms of the undead. ”The included picture of the Ray Gun Mark II looks rather special indeed, there’s also a suggestion that once you have unlocked the Vengeance content, you’ll be able to use the Ray Gun 2 in any other Black Ops 2 zombies map which is excellent if really true. The trailer above gives you an initial idea of what to expect, but stay tuned as further details on Buried are bound to leak closer to the July 2 release date."
},
{
"docid": "D1135529#0",
"title": "http://castlists.com/poldark-cast-list-season-2015/\nPoldark Cast List â BBC/PBS Masterpiece",
"text": "Poldark Cast List – BBC/PBS Masterpiece Poldark Cast List: 2015 BBC and PBS TV remake starring Aidan Turner as Captain Ross Poldark, Eleanor Tomlinson as Demelza, Jack Farthing as George Warleggan and Heida Reed as Elizabeth. Poldark 2015 Cast List – BBC One/PBS Masterpiece Getty Images Entertainment Frederick M. Brown View image | gettyimages.com Pictured above: Aidan Turner and Eleanor Tomlinson. Recurring Cast Character Name – Actor/ Actress Ross Poldark – Aidan Turner – And Then There Were None, The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey, The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug, The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies, The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones, Being Human, The Clinic, Hattie, Desperate Romantics, The Secret Scripture Demelza Carne – Eleanor Tomlinson – Jack the Giant Slayer, Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging, Death Comes To Pemberley, The White Queen George Warleggan – Jack Farthing – Cilla, Blandings Cary Warleggan – Pip Torrens – The Heavy Water War, Grantchester, The Promise, Up the Women, Silk, Law & Order: UK, Fleming, Broken News, Bodyguards Elizabeth Poldark née Chynoweth – Heida Reed – Eternal Return, True Bloodthirst, Jo, Silent Witness, DCI Banks Francis Poldark – Kyle Soller Verity Poldark – Ruby Bentall – The Paradise, Larkrise To Candleford, Lost in Austen Charles Poldark – Warren Clarke – In with the Flynns, Dalziel and Pascoe, Bleak House, Down to Earth, The Invisibles, Moving Story, The Locksmith Dwight Enys – Luke Norris Captain Andrew Blamey – Richard Harrington – Hinterland, Alys, Holby Blue, Lark Rise to Candleford, Pen Talar, Collision, Bleak House, Cravings Aunt Agatha – Caroline Blakiston – Mr. Palfrey of Westminster, Brass, Rides, The Line of Beauty, Charters & Caldicott, The Last Song, Agatha Christie’s Miss Marple: At Bertram’s Hotel Jud Paynter – Phil Davies – Silk, Whitechapel, Collision, Being Human, Desperate Romantics, Rose and Maloney, Bleak House, North Square, Births, Marriages and Deaths, White Teeth, High Hopes Prudie Paynter – Beatie Edney – Messiah: The Harrowing, Dressing for Breakfast, Hard Times, Inspector Lewis, Prime Suspect: The Lost Child Zacky Martin – Tristan Sturrock – Jamaica Inn, Bad Girls, Garrow’s Law, Doc Martin Jim Carter – Alexander Arnold – What Remains, Skins, Nighthawks Mark Daniel – Matthew Wilson Paul Daniel – Ed Browning – Teachers, Honest Captain Henshaw – John Hollingworth – The Hour, Da Vinci’s Demons, Wuthering Heights Harris Pascoe – Richard Hope – M. I. T. Murder Investigation Team, High Stakes, Mc Cready and Daughter, A Perfect State, The Demon Headmaster, The Riff Raff Element, Tears Before Bedtime Dr Choake – Robert Daws – Roger Roger, The Royal, Outside Edge, The Wright Way, Coronation Street, Office Gossip, Jeeves and Wooster, Take a Girl Like You Mrs Teague – Mary Woodvine – Space Precinct, Judge John Deed, The Lark, Pie in the Sky, Doc Martin, New Boots Ruth Teague – Harriet Ballard – Inspector Lewis, Switch Horace Treneglos – Michael Culkin – Da Vinci’s Demons, Garrow’s Law, Perfect Strangers, Our Mutual Friend Tom Carne – Mark Frost – Doctors, Hope Springs, The Mill, The Bill, Silent Witness, Faust Margaret – Crystal Leaity – Mr Selfridge, Inspector Lewis Mrs Chynoweth – Sally Dexter – Family, Night & Day, Sugartown, Dalziel and Pascoe, Wittgenstein Jinny – Gracee O’Brien Rev Halse – Robin Ellis – Poldark – original first two series , Capstick’s Law, Cluedo, The Waterfall, The Europeans, She Loves Me, The Good Soldier Keren Smith – Sabrina Bartlett – The Passing Bells, Da Vinci’s Demons Mrs Zacky Martin – Emma Spurgin Hussey Captain – Tim Delap – Black Mirror, To the Ends of the Earth, Four Seasons Soldier – Darcy Vanhinsbergh Landlord – Julian Seager – Da Vinci’s Demons, Stella, The Hollow Crown John Treneglos – Daniel Cook Sir Hugh Bodregun – Patrick Ryecart – The High Life, The Escape Artist, Romeo & Juliet, Rag Nymph Reverend Odgers – Jason Squibb Harry Blewitt – Hywel Simons – The Bill, Casualty 1907Chairman – Geoffrey Bersey Richard Tonkin – Rory Wilton – Doc Martin Sanson – Jason Thorpe – Little Dorrit Jailer – Simon Meacock – DCI Banks, Arthur & George , Jamaica Inn, No Signal, Silent Witness Blight – Billy Geraghty – The Last Detective, The Golden Hour, Mile High This cast list will be regularly updated as the series progresses. PBS Video Preview Aidan Turner's Poldark PBS Drama Preview Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 5:10Plot After serving for Britain in the American War of Independence, Captain Ross Poldark returns to Cornwall, England in 1783 to discover his home and personal life in great turmoil. With his farther past away, his land barren and the love of his life now in the arms of another man, Ross must somehow work to piece his broken world back together. All this while still coming to terms with the horrors of war and amidst an economic background of high prices, low wages and ongoing social unrest. Original Poldark 1975 Lead Cast List Ross Poldark – Robin Ellis – Capstick’s Law Demelza – Angharad Rees – Close to Home Elizabeth Warleggan – Jill Townsend – Cimarron Strip George Warleggan – Ralph Bates – Dear John Prudie Paynter – Mary Wimbush – Century Falls Jud Paynter – Paul Curran – Huntingtower Caroline Penvenen – Judy Geeson – Mad About You"
},
{
"docid": "D2549463#0",
"title": "http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/video-games/Batman-Arkham-Origins/\nBatman: Arkham Origins",
"text": "\"VIEW BY: Characters | Characters / Voice Actors | Voice Cast | Credits Batman: Arkham Origins Cast Batman / Bruce Wayne Joker Deathstroke / Slade Wilson Firefly / Garfield Lynns Bane Copperhead Anarky Electrocutioner Deadshot / Floyd Lawton Robin / Dick Grayson Black Mask / Roman Sionis Penguin / Oswald Cobblepot Killer Croc / Waylon Jones Shiva Alfred Pennyworth Mad Hatter Mr. Freeze / Victor Fries Martin Joseph Lt. James Gordon Sponsored by Revcontent You May Like Remember Her? Take a Deep Breath Before You See What She Looks Like Now Remember Her? Try Not to Gasp when You See Her Now Robin Williams Final Net Worth Brought Us to Tears Recognize Her? You Will when You See Her Before Her Plastic Surgery'Harry Potter' Star Reveals He's Dating a Man Angelina Jolie's Daughter Used To Be Adorable, But Today She Looks Insane Hollywood Says Goodbye to Jamie Lee Curtis The Most Daring Dresses At The 2018 Oscar Awards Comments Add a Comment The Adaptersaid at 9:19 PM on Mon Jun 19 20171 Shout Out!Better game than Arkham Knight. Reply Green Goblin75said at 8:03 PM on Mon Nov 7 20161 Shout Out!I know it's an unpopular opinion, but I actually prefer Origins over the rest of the series. Reply Abdullabsaid at 2:40 PM on Fri Mar 31 20171 Shout Out! @Green Goblin75 youre not the only one, i liked the camera feature used when youre detecting crimes Replyhuzaifa_ahmedsaid at 5:21 PM on Thu Apr 7 20165 Shout Outs!How cool is it that Richard Epcar co-directed this game? Reply Anicomicgeeksaid at 11:15 PM on Fri Oct 9 20152 Shout Outs!Has anyone confirmed that Jon Polito reprised the role of Gillian Loeb in the game? I ask because listening to the voice, it doesn't reall sound like Polito and actually sounds like some of JB Blanc's roles."
},
{
"docid": "D1124331#0",
"title": "http://moneynation.com/john-cena-net-worth/\nJohn Cena Net Worth",
"text": "\"John Cena’s net worth is $24.3 million. The John Cena net worth total comes mainly from his WWE salary, with endorsements making a strong showing too. In fact, analyzing all the John Cena net worth numbers is a bear of a task. That’s because Cena has so many different income streams, from pro wrestling to sponsorships to rapping, TV appearances, merchandise and investment income. For proof, see our complete data table at the bottom of this article. Cena’s WWE salary was “leaked” as $2.75 million in 2016. His career earnings total $41 million, with taxes and expenses knocking that down to a John Cena net worth sum of $24.3 million. John Cena Net Worth Facts John Cena Net Worth Facts John Cena net worth vs The Rock net worth 1/5th as big John Cena net worth vs Hulk Hogan net worth About the same John Cena net worth vs Bear Grylls net worth 4 times bigger John Cena net worth vs Phil Robertson net worth 62% bigger John Cena net worth vs Vin Diesel net worth 1/3 as big John Cena net worth vs Dog the Bounty Hunter net worth 4 times bigger John Cena net worth vs Justin Bieber net worth 1/9th as big John Cena net worth vs Dale Earnhardt Jr. net worth 1/12th as big John Cena net worth vs Barack Obama net worth 8 times bigger John Cena net worth vs typical American family net worth 357 times bigger The John Cena net worth number of $24,301,626 is about 1/5th the size of The Rock’s fortune of $120 million. Hulk Hogan’s net worth of $25 million is about the same as John Cena’s net worth. Cena has about four times more net worth than Bear Grylls’ $6 million and 62% more money than Duck Dynasty star Phil Robertson’s $15 million."
},
{
"docid": "D1051645#0",
"title": "http://www.tweaktown.com/reviews/6626/corsair-vengeance-lpx-16gb-ddr4-2800-quad-channel-memory-kit-review/index.html\nCorsair Vengeance LPX 16GB DDR4-2800 Quad-Channel Memory Kit Review",
"text": "Corsair Vengeance LPX 16GB DDR4-2800 Quad-Channel Memory Kit Review Today we have our first official retail DDR4 memory kit review using the brand new Corsair Vengeance LPX quad-channel kit. Take a look at Shawn's review. By: Shawn Baker | DDR-4 Memory in RAM | Posted: Sep 1, 2014 1:07 pm Comment | Email to a Friend | Font Size: A ATweak Town Rating: 90% Manufacturer: Corsair One of the major changes with Intel's X99 platform is the introduction of DDR4 memory. While we've had a little bit of a look at how DDR4 performs thanks to our initial CPU and motherboard review, we haven't really expanded into its performance at multiple speeds and what the extra speed is able to do. Today, we're going to be taking a look at our first DDR4 RAM kit and it comes from Corsair. While quad-channel isn't new to us, it's been a long time since we've tested it. The X79 market has been quiet for a while now, and because of that, new RAM and motherboard models have been almost non-existent. A while ago, we pulled away from offering graphs in our RAM reviews and instead just focused on the raw speed of the kit under AIDA64. With the introduction of DDR4, we thought it was time to reevaluate our RAM reviews, and see if it was time to maybe change it a bit. While we're continuing to stick to the same style of review in this page form, we're going to put graphs back into the mix, which will include results from other RAM kits that we've tested."
},
{
"docid": "D913757#0",
"title": "http://teamrock.com/feature/2016-09-30/the-a-z-of-avenged-sevenfold\nThe A-Z Of Avenged Sevenfold",
"text": "The A-Z Of Avenged Sevenfold By Paul Brannigan September 30, 2016 Features Everything you need to know about Avenged Sevenfold in alphabetical order Avenged Sevenfold circa 2007 (Image: © Mick Hutson)One of the biggest names in modern metal, Avenged Sevenfold have graduated from the Warped Tour circuit to become arena headliners worldwide. Currently on a US festival run, the band are set to embark upon a 27 date European tour in 2017, taking in 10 shows in the UK and Ireland. Here’s your essential guide to the Huntington Beach, California quintet. A is for… Aaronson, Craig Warner Brothers A&R executive Aaronson signed A7X to the label from Hopeless Records in the summer of 2004, having previously brought Green Day, My Chemical Romance and The Used to the label. When Aaronson passed away in 2014, the band paid tribute to him in a moving statement, stating “We had heard horror stories about independent bands signing with major labels so when we first met Craig we were sceptical. We ended up trusting him and Warner Brothers Records and in the end we are glad that we did. Craig had not only been a personal friend to us through the years, but also helped spearhead many of the band’s successes. ”B is for… Brian Haner Sr The 58-year-old Californian musician/comedian/writer has played guitar on every A7X album from 2005’s City Of Evil through to 2013’s Hail To The King, but is best known to Avenged fans as the father of guitarist Synyster Gates, aka Brian Haner Jr. Syn has hailed his father as his “inspiration”, “hero” and “best friend”, and described him as “a fucking monster” on guitar. Awwww. C is for… Covers Across their 17 year career, Avenged have released just three cover versions, two - Iron Maiden’s Flash Of The Blade and Pantera’s Walk – commissioned by this writer for magazine covermount CDs, with the third, their take on Black Sabbath’s Paranoid appearing on the Warners compilation Covered – A Revolution In Sound."
},
{
"docid": "D2323342#0",
"title": "http://bijog.com/biography/zacky-vengeance\n.",
"text": "\"Click on the image to view the full gallery Zacky Vengeance was born to Maria and James Baker on 11th December 1981 Olympia, Washington, USA as Zachary James Baker. He had an older sister, named Zina, and a younger brother, named Matthew. When he was a teenager, their family moved to Huntington Beach. The presently famous musician has Italian and German roots. He completed his initial education from Huntington Beach High School. At the time when he studied at the school, he formed a group, called Avenged Sevenfold, with his mates. Numerous sources point out that he learnt to play a guitar when he was just 13. At that time, he founded his first band Society Down that played music in the genre of crust punk. After both groups broke up, he ventured to found another band called Mad Porno Action, or simple MPA. However, neither of those groups was successful then, and it led to the emergence of Zacky’s nickname."
},
{
"docid": "D2446069#0",
"title": "https://networth123.com/bae-doona-net-worth/\nBae Doona Net Worth",
"text": "Home / Richest Actors / Bae Doona Net Worth Richest Actors Bae Doona Net Worth Jennifer Field October 29, 2017 0 Comments 120 1 minute read Bae Doona Net Worth is$20 Million Bae Doona Bio/Wiki 2018Bae Doona was created in the year 1979 and at her age, she managed to build herself and she’s regarded as a successful performer at once a great photographer. She was born in South Korea in the area called Seoul. Her nationality is South Korean while her ethnicity is White-interracial. More about her life can be obtained on imdb and Wikipedia and her devotees follow her on Twitter and Facebook. She appears hot and she’s competent to make distinct guys to fall in love with her. She’s hot legs and she likes to wear bikini with smooth feet which adds the attraction to her sex appeal. She was given many parts in different films and tv shows and she became successful. She could get more gains and she’s made up to 20 million as net worth. Even after being successful and popular, she will not talk too much about her life. During the interview about her character in film A Girl At My Door, folks were expecting that she is going to disclose more about her relationship."
},
{
"docid": "D3217691#0",
"title": "http://meramechighlands.com/river.html\nPage Not Found",
"text": "Page Not Found The page you are looking for could not be found. It could have been renamed or may no longer exist. You may try the following options: Re-check the URL in the address bar. Go to (Zacky Website Builder) home page. Notify (Zacky Website Builder) Support if you are convinced this is an error."
}
] |
8600 | zoraida sambolin where did she go to high school | [
{
"docid": "D2023837#0",
"title": "http://myhowbook.com/biography/zoraida-sambolin-bio.html\nZoraida Sambolin ~ Bio",
"text": "\"Biography Zoraida Sambolin ~ Bio By My How Book Team ⚈ Published On: 2013-07-22 06:43:25Zoraida Sambolin's facts Date of Birth July 10th 1965Nationality American Profession Television news Anchor and Reporter Ethnicity White Marital Status Married Children Nick and Sophia Education Loyola University Zoraida Sambolin belonging to American Nationality & White Ethnicity is an example of few rare people who is gifted with both beauty and brain. Sambolin was an American news anchor correspondent to CNN news network. She hosted show named ‘Early Start’ along with Ashleigh Banfield on CNN. The graceful and attractive television journalist has done her utmost to achieve success in her life. Currently she is at the height of her career. She has earned fortune and prosperity beyond measure. In December 2013, she was retired from CNN and has come back to host morning show in WMAQ TV, owned by NBC which is stationed at Chicago. She left the same TV Networks before she joined CNN. On the show of CNN networks Early Start Christine Romans is replacing her. Sambolin was born on July 10 th 1965 in Chicago which is also her native land."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1810797#0",
"title": "https://www.names.org/n/soard/about\nSoard",
"text": "Names.orgpopular this year lists Your Searches: <100 Soard Embed Soard Family Tree Free Horoscope Add Origin and Meaning Gender: Unknown First Name <100in the U. S. since 1880Last Name 624in the U. S. in 2010First Last On This Page Add what Soard means to you Related Names Pronunciation Meanings and Origins Regional Popularity Ethnicity Distribution Fun Facts What Soards Have Visited This Page? Name Poster Related Names104 Cerita (More Popular)110 Sruti (More Popular)112 Syrita (More Popular)116 Zared (More Popular)165 Sarit (More Popular)204 Seerat (More Popular)392 Syretta (More Popular)542 Soraida (More Popular)1k Serita (More Popular)2k Syreeta (More Popular)2k Zoraida (More Popular)5k Sarita (More Popular)<100 Thiransa<100 Muskie<100 Morrisey<100 Hasara<100 Bebia<100 Mqueen<100 Dodey<100 Vector<100 Padure<100 Sammirah<100 Costin<100 Cushmeer How to Pronounce Soard Soard Pronunciations Play Automated Male (English)Play Automated Female (English)How difficult is it to pronounce Soard? Back to Top Meaning and Origin What does the name Soard mean? Find out below. Origin and Meaning of Soard Submit the origin and/or meaning of Soard to us below Origin of Soard Soard Means Cited Source Submit Alt. Meaning S is for scholar, the brilliant in you. O is for outgoing, so sociable are you A is for angelic, a truly pure heart R is for realist, the way you are. D is for diamond, the brilliance you shine. Back to Top Where is the name Soard popular? View popular names by state or region."
},
{
"docid": "D3460506#0",
"title": "http://talk.collegeconfidential.com/parents-forum/1272091-how-much-spending-money-on-campus.html\nhow much spending money on campus?",
"text": "\"« 1 2 3 »Replies to: how much spending money on campus?#1thumper1Registered User Posts: 63,192Senior Member01-08-2012 at 4:11 am This will just be extra spending money, pizza to the dorm, movies, parties, social spending, etc. He's been saving his money forever and is now worried about spending it - lol. But our thing has always been that he'd have to use his own money for these extras. Once we figure out how much he wants/needs we figured we'd set up an account on campus with whatever bank is there and just put in that semesters money Here is my free advice. We also had our kids pay for the things you mention...books, all discretionary spending...using their OWN money. We had THEM open a bank account and we had THEM put the money into it. We really had nothing to do with the management of their spending money for these items. The ONLY time we put money in their accounts was for more expensive things should the situation crop up (e.g. DD was in the hospital and her medications upon discharge were name brands with a high copay...so we put money in her account for that). Since our kids earned the money...and spent the money...we felt that they should handle the accounts. Hands off from us."
},
{
"docid": "D1521049#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Mexico\nEducation in Mexico",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Education in Mexico Secretariat of Public Education Secretary of Education Deputy Secretary Aurelio Nuño Mayer National education budget (2007)Budget MXN $200,930,557,665 USD $20B [1]General details Primary languages Spanish as the standard. Other minority languages are available in their local communities. System type Federal Current system September 25, 1921Literacy (2012)Total 95.1% [2]Male 96.2%Female 94.2%Enrollment Total 26.6 million Primary 18.5 million Secondary 5.8 million Post secondary 2.3 million Attainment Secondary diploma n/a Post-secondary diploma n/a Sources: Sistema Educativo de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Principales cifras, ciclo escolar 2003-2004 pdf and the 2000 Census ( INEGI)Education in Mexico has a long history. The Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico was founded by royal decree in 1551, a few months after the National University of San Marcos in Lima. By comparison, Harvard College, the oldest in Anglo-America, was founded in 1636. Education in Mexico was until relatively recently largely confined to elite males and under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church in Mexico. The Mexican state has been directly involved in education since the nineteenth century, promoting secular education. Control of education was a source of ongoing conflict between the Mexican state and the Roman Catholic Church, which since the colonial era had exclusive charge of education. [ 3] [4] [5] [6] The mid nineteenth-century Liberal Reform separated church and state, which had a direct impact on education."
},
{
"docid": "D3556926#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_school_did_Taylor_Swift_go_to\nWhat school did Taylor Swift go to?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Entertainment & Arts Music Music Genres Country Music Taylor Swift What school did Taylor Swift go to? Flag What school did Taylor Swift go to? Answer by Hotdogfreak45 Confidence votes 114She went to a Christian school called Aaron Academy, in Hendersonville, Tennesse, which she graduated from in July 2008. She went to Hendersonville highschool for her first two years . It is a public school in Hendersonville ,Tenessee that's where she met Abigail . But when she started to become famous that summer before her junior year of highschool. Taylor and her parent's decided that it would be best if she did homeschooling which is why they enrolled her at Aaron 'academy .12 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Nenep 1 Contribution Where did Taylor Swift go to school? Taylor swift went to the Wyomissing School area. Ysjo990712 11 Contributions What school does Taylor Swift go to?"
},
{
"docid": "D2600477#0",
"title": "http://www.bornrich.com/kate-middleton.html\nKate Middleton Net Worth",
"text": "\"Kate Middleton Net Worth Net Worth $ 1000 Thousand Estates and Homes Autos and Cars Wedding Holiday Destinations (Getaways) Cause Brands About Quotes Trivia Born on: 9th Jan 82Born in: United Kingdom Marital status: Married Occupation: The Duchess of Cambridge Kate Middleton net worth is estimated at $1 million. Kate Middleton, also known by her royal title of “The Duchess of Cambridge” is the wife of Prince William and a member of the British Royal family. Prior to her marriage to Prince William she worked with the clothing giant “Jigsaw” and also as a marketing officer for her parents company “Party Pieces”. Middleton has been widely appreciated by the global media for her sense of fashion and style. She has been chosen as one of the top 100 “Most influential people in the world”. Middleton’s status as a Duchess has ensured her a hefty annual allowance estimated to be close to a million dollars. The Duchess also has legal rights to her husband’s fortune estimated to be in the region of $40 million. Even though exact estimates are very hard to come by or verify, it has been speculated that Kate’s personal net worth till date is approximately $1 million. Married into the British Royal family, Catherine, has been famously known for her transformation from a commoner to becoming the Duchess of Cambridge. The Duchess mostly resides in the magnificent Kensington Palace in London which serves as her husband’s official home."
},
{
"docid": "D2967320#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/FAQ/4709\nSerena Williams",
"text": "\"Wiki Answers ® Categories Entertainment & Arts Celebrities Athletes Serena Williams Unanswered | Answered Serena Williams Parent Category: Athletes Serena Jameka Williams (born September 26, 1981) is an American professional tennis player. She has won 23 Grand Slam titles: 11 in singles, ten in women's doubles and two in mixed doubles. In addition, she has won two Olympic gold medals in women's doubles.1 2 3 >What is Serena Williams biggest accomplishment? It's hard to say because she has won so many titles in her career. In singles, she has won the Australian Open five times, Wimbledon four times, the US Open three times and the French Open once. That's a total of 13 Grand Slam singles titles. Add to that, 12 more Grand Slam Doubles titles and two... Is Serena Williams alive or died? She is alive How much money Serena Williams got for 2010 Australian Open?2.325.000 Australian Dollars Did Serena Williams get an associate's degree? No What is Serena Williams kid name?sears How much did Serena Williams earn for the Australia open?$100,000Does Serena Williams do stuff for charity? Yes."
},
{
"docid": "D3191299#0",
"title": "http://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/blindside.php\nThe Blind Side (2009)",
"text": "\"The Blind Side (2009)Starring Sandra Bullock, Tim Mc Graw, Quinton Aaron, Kathy Bates based on book \"\"The Blind Side: Evolution of a Game\"\" by Michael Lewis REEL FACE: REAL FACE: Quinton Aaron Born: August 15, 1984 Birthplace: Bronx, New York City, New York, USA Michael Oher Born: May 28, 1986 Birthplace: Memphis, Tennessee, USASandra Bullock Born: July 26, 1964 Birthplace: Arlington, Virginia, USA Leigh Anne Tuohy Born: August 9, 1960Tim Mc Graw Born: May 1, 1967 Birthplace: Delhi, Louisiana, USA Sean Tuohy Born: November 23, 1959 Birthplace: New Orleans, Louisiana, USAJae Head Born: April 2, 1998 Birthplace: Texas, USA Sean Jr. (S. J.) Tuohy Born: July 4, 1993Lily Collins Born: March 18, 1989 Birthplace: Guildford, Surrey, England, UK (Daughter of singer Phil Collins)Collins Tuohy Born: December 29, 1986Kathy Bates Born: June 28, 1948 Birthplace: Memphis, Tennessee, USA Sue Mitchell (Miss Sue)Born: August 5, 1945Some things in [the movie] are the truth, some things are not. People have got to do things to sell it. But everything is good, though. -Michael Oher (The Baltimore Sun, November 16, 2009)Questioning the Story: Why did Leigh Anne Tuohy take Michael in? \"\" I just think Michael needed somebody, and it was so evident that there was nobody in his life. It just broke my heart,\"\" the real Leigh Anne Tuohy said in a December 2009 20/20 TV interview. Was Michael Oher's birth mother really a crack addict? Yes. The Blind Side true story reveals that Michael's birth mother had been addicted to crack cocaine. \"\" She wasn't really around too much,\"\" Michael recalled in a 20/20 interview. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D1548599#0",
"title": "https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2015/04/09/what-like-poor-ivy-league-school/xPtql5uzDb6r9AUFER8R0O/story.html\nWhat is it like to be poor at an Ivy League school?",
"text": "What is it like to be poor at an Ivy League school? High-achieving, low-income students, often the first in their families to attend college, struggle to feel they belong on elite campuses. Dina Rudick/Globe staff The son of an MBTA bus driver from Jamaica Plain, Harvard sophomore Ted White helps lead the First Generation Student Union, pushing for a better understanding of challenges financially disadvantaged students face. By Brooke Lea Foster April 09, 2015WHEN ANA BARROS first stepped into Harvard Yard as a freshman, she felt so out of place she might as well have had the words “low income” written on her forehead. A girl from Newark doesn’t belong in a place like Harvard, she thought, as she marveled at how green the elms were, how quaint the cobblestone streets. Back home, where her family lives in a modest house bought from Habitat for Humanity, there wasn’t always money for groceries, and the world seemed gray, sirens blaring at all hours. Her parents, who immigrated to the New York area from Colombia before she was born, spoke Spanish at home. It was at school that Barros learned English. A petite 5-foot-2 with high cheekbones and a head of model-worthy hair, Barros found out in an e-mail that she’d been accepted to Harvard — a full scholarship would give her the means to attend. “ I knew at that moment that I’d never suffer in the way that my parents did,” she says."
},
{
"docid": "D1674072#0",
"title": "http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0088847/trivia\nTrivia",
"text": "\"Edit The Breakfast Club (1985)Trivia Showing all 133 items Jump to: Director Cameo (1) | Director Trademark (1) | Spoilers (7)The scene in which all characters sit in a circle on the floor in the library and tell stories about why they were in detention was not scripted. Writer and Director John Hughes told them all to ad-lib.1,067 of 1,073 found this interesting | Share this The film was shot in sequence.587 of 591 found this interesting | Share this Judd Nelson stayed in character off-camera, even bullying Molly Ringwald. John Hughes nearly fired him over this, but, ironically, Paul Gleason defended Nelson, saying that he was a good actor, and he was trying to get into character.685 of 691 found this interesting | Share this It was originally suggested that there would be several sequels to this movie, occurring every ten years, in which \"\"The Breakfast Club\"\" would get back together. This did not come to pass, due to the volatile relationship between John Hughes and Judd Nelson. Hughes stated that he would never work with Nelson again. Also, it was unclear whether or not Hughes still held ill will against his oft-cast starlet, Molly Ringwald. They had a falling out in the late eighties, after Ringwald decided to move on from the teen film genre to pursue more adult roles, thus severing her relationship with Hughes.493 of 497 found this interesting | Share this John Hughes wrote the screenplay to this movie in just two days (July 4 and 5, 1982).420 of 423 found this interesting | Share this Judd Nelson improvised the part at the closing of the film where Bender raises his fist in defiance. He was supposed to just walk into the sunset, so to speak, and John Hughes asked him to play around with a few actions. When he was done and they were finishing up, Nelson threw his fist up without running it by anyone. Everyone loved it, and it has also become an iconic symbol of the 1980s.475 of 479 found this interesting | Share this Molly Ringwald and Anthony Michael Hall dated for a while after filming this movie.236 of 237 found this interesting | Share this In 2010, Molly Ringwald and Anthony Michael Hall told Vanity Fair magazine that John Hughes was receptive to actors' and actresses' improvisations, and some of them (including Brian's reason for having a fake ID, \"\"so I can vote\"\") made it into the final film.367 of 371 found this interesting | Share this Originally, only Claire was supposed to dance, but Molly Ringwald felt uncomfortable, so John Hughes had the entire cast dance.131 of 131 found this interesting | Share this Bender's flinch when Vernon fakes a punch was genuine."
},
{
"docid": "D412894#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/FAQ/9024\nJosephine Baker",
"text": "\"Wiki Answers ® Categories Entertainment & Arts Music Music Genres Jazz Music Josephine Baker Unanswered | Answered Josephine Baker Parent Category: Jazz Music Josephine Baker is one of the most influential and interesting entertainers to have ever lived. This American-born, French citizen broke new ground in international music, dance, and film; and was also a spy for the French government during World War II, and one of the most prominent figures of the American Civil Rights Movement. Please place all of your questions regarding the fascinating life of the \"\"Bronze Venus\"\" into this category.1 2 >Was Josephine Baker involved in the civil rights movement? Yes She was involved in a civil rights movement. How many song did josephine baker produce?10 in the same year What was Josephine Baker know as? Jo-Jo baker, probably to avoid confusion with the silly song about the Flying machine- up she goes, ( an old vaudeville song)- not recorded by Led Zeppelin- Pun intended! JO-JO sounds vaguely masculine and she was photographed on Tanks, for example, if they had two cannons ( as did the M-3 widely... Why did Josephine Baker drop out of school at age 12? Josephine baker drop out to begin her music carrier which she got at the age of 16What inspired josephine baker? A s one of the most prolific contemporary jewelry designers, Suzanna Dai embodies that old adage on genius being 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration. Dai finds a muse and lets her imagination lead her hands to create new levels of art."
},
{
"docid": "D2706796#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_year_did_Mae_jemison_graduate_from_college\nWhat Chicago high school did Mae jemison graduate from?",
"text": "Puppy Lover Pal10 16 Contributions What Chicago high school did Mae jemison graduate from? She went to Morgan Park High School When did mae jemison graduate from high school?when she was 16. Allie Sepulveda 28 Contributions What college did Mae Jemison go to? Mae Jemison went to Cornell Medical College . ( I'm a different person)This may be right but I read she went to Stanford University. What is the name of the college Mae Jemison went to? The school that Mae jemison went to was Cornell Medical school In what year did Mae Jemison become an astronaut? Mae Jemison be came an astronaut in 1992. What year did Mae Jemison die? Mae Jemison Is still alive in the year of 2009What year did Mae jemison graduate from high school?1973Elena9343 2 Contributions Where did Mae c jemison go to college?"
},
{
"docid": "D1483041#0",
"title": "https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/11/us/politics/donald-trump-talking-to-your-kids.html\nThe Parent-Child Discussion That So Many Dread: Donald Trump",
"text": "Election 2016Full Results Exit Polls Trump’s Cabinet The Parent-Child Discussion That So Many Dread: Donald Trump By SARAH LYALL MARCH 10, 2016Jon and Zoraida Michaud with their sons, Thomas, 8, left, and Marcus, 13, at their home in Maplewood, N. J. Mr. Michaud said Thomas told him he was worried that Donald J. Trump would “bring racism back” if he were elected president. Bryan Anselm for The New York Times It was mortifying enough when the Republican debate last week introduced the question of whether it was appropriate for one presidential candidate to accuse another of wetting his pants. But the final straw for Gary Goyette and Andrea Todd, who were watching at home in Sacramento with their 10-year-old son, was Donald J. Trump’s jarring, out-of-left-field boast about his sexual endowment. “We were just incredulous,” Ms. Todd said, when Mr. Trump leeringly declared that there was “no problem” with that part of his anatomy. She and her husband looked at each other, she said, and then looked at their son. “ Gary said, ‘Tommy, you’ve got to leave — you’ve got to get out of here.’ And Tommy actually got up and ran out of the room. ”Many unforeseeable things have happened so far in the raucous Republican presidential race. But the 2016 election — with its rudeness, crudeness, bluster and bullying — has also presented adults with an unexpected, unpleasant quandary: How on earth do they explain Donald Trump to children?“Quite frankly, it’s been quite embarrassing when I have an 11-year-old who is better behaved and more polite than some people who are the potential next leaders of our country,” said Maury Peterson, who runs Parenting Journey, a nonprofit group in Somerville, Mass., that provides support for families. “ This name-calling and making fun of people is basically the opposite of what he’s been taught at home and at school."
},
{
"docid": "D1746010#0",
"title": "http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/exclusive-alleged-dennis-hastert-sex-abuse-victim-named/story?id=31530828\nExclusive: Alleged Dennis Hastert Sex Abuse Victim Named by Family",
"text": "\"Exclusive: Alleged Dennis Hastert Sex Abuse Victim Named by Family By Brian Ross, Rhonda Schwartz JOHN CAPELLJun 5, 2015, 5:28 PM ETJolene Reinboldt/Yorkville High School WATCH Exclusive: Woman Says Hastert Abused Her Brother in High School Email In Steve Reinboldt’s 1970 high school yearbook, wrestling coach Dennis Hastert wrote that Steve was his “great, right hand man” as the student equipment manager of the Yorkville, Illinois wrestling team. But Steve was also a victim of sexual abuse at the hands of Hastert, Steve’s sister said Friday in an interview with ABC News. It is the first time an alleged Hastert victim has been identified by name since his indictment for lying to the FBI and violating federal banking laws to cover-up past misconduct. Hastert, due in court next week, has not responded to the allegations. In an emotional interview, Steve Reinboldt’s sister Jolene said she first learned of her late brother’s purported years-long sexual abuse at the hands of the future Speaker of the House back in 1979 when her brother revealed to her that he was gay and had been out of high school for eight years. “I asked him, when was your first same sex experience. He looked at me and said, ‘It was with Dennis Hastert,’” Jolene said. “ I was stunned. \"\" Jolene said she asked her brother why he never told anyone. “ And he just turned around and kind of looked at me and said, ‘Who is ever going to believe me?’”Do you have information about this or another story?"
},
{
"docid": "D849785#0",
"title": "https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/08/nyregion/chancellor-carmen-farina-changes-new-york-city-schools-course.html\nChancellor Carmen Fariña Changes New York City Schoolsâ Course",
"text": "N. Y. / Region Chancellor Carmen Fariña Changes New York City Schools’ Course By KATE TAYLOR FEB. 6, 2015Carmen Fariña, the New York City schools chancellor, during a December visit to the Happy Dragon School in Brooklyn. Bryan Thomas for The New York Times A dozen principals and New York City education officials were gathered in an office early last year, sorting through a database to look for schools to use as models — those scoring highest on tests, graduation rates and other measures, compared with schools of similar demographics. The new schools chancellor, Carmen Fariña, walked in, saw a spreadsheet projected on the wall and cut off the official who was presenting the data. “ I know a good quality school when I’m in the building,” she said, according to one participant in the meeting. “ We’re going to do this,” she added, “based on the schools we know to be good. ”In the little more than a year since Mayor Bill de Blasio appointed her to lead the city’s Education Department, Ms. Fariña has presided over a methodical dismantling of the policies of Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg ’s first and last chancellors, Joel I. Klein and Dennis M. Walcott. She inherited a department that tracked data closely and used it to decide schools’ fates, rating schools annually from A to F. Principals, many of whom during Mr. Bloomberg’s tenure were drawn from the ranks of novice teachers and given managerial training, were given as much freedom as possible. If their schools did not score high enough on an array of data points — graduation rates, attendance, the number of students passing classes and going to college — they were subject to being closed. In 12 years, the Bloomberg administration either shut down or began to phase out 157 schools and opened 656 new, smaller schools."
},
{
"docid": "D2182235#0",
"title": "https://news.fiu.edu/2015/04/high-school-dropout-soon-to-graduate-from-medical-school/86891\nCollege of Medicine to graduate youngest student to date",
"text": "Posted by Ileana Varela × 04/02/2015 at 1:42 pm Tweet Jennifer Chen is about to become the HWCOM’s youngest grad. She never finished high school. She doesn’t have a GED. Yet, next month, Jennifer Chen will be graduating from FIU with a medical degree. How is that possible? You’re not the only who’s been asking. On their last year of medical school, students traditionally go on interviews with residency programs where they are considering continuing their medical training. Imagine the look on the interviewers’ faces when Chen would volunteer that despite being close to graduating from medical school, she never graduated from high school. “They would look up from their papers and stare at me,” she says. Then they’d ask, “Can you explain how you did that?”Easy."
},
{
"docid": "D423815#0",
"title": "http://www.chacha.com/question/where-did-nicki-minaj-go-to-school\nWhere did Nicki Minaj go to college?",
"text": "\"Anonymous Where did Nicki Minaj go to college? Topics: Education › Colleges & Universities › Nicki Minaj, Musicians, Celebrities, Entertainment Answer Lance Breilein Nicki Minaj did not attend college. She graduated from La Guardia High School in 2003 in Manhattan where she studied singing and acting.0 5 years ago Do you know the answer? Login or Sign Up to answer this question.data-config-site-section=\"\"chacha\"\">Related Nicki Minaj Questions Where did nicki minaj grow up and what did she go to college for Nicki Minaj is a recording artist signed to Young Money Entertainment. She was...did Nicki Minaj attend St. John's University? Nicki Minaj graduated from La Guardia High School which specialized in the... What school did nicki minaj go to? Nicki Minaj graduated from La Guardia High School in Manhattan where she studied...what elementary school did Nicki Minaj go to? No info on what elementary school Nicki Minaj attended. She attended Elizabeth... What middle school did Nicki Minaj go to? Nicki Minaj attended Elizabeth Blackwell Middle School 210 and graduated from... See All Questions ▶Last Week's Popular Questions for Nicki Minaj,what does she mean when she says I mack them dudes up back he coupes up and chuck the deuce up in Nicki Minaj's song Super Bass In the Nicki Minaj song, 'Super Bass' the lyrics, \"\"I mack them dudes up, back he... Does Nicki Minaj have a back tattoo?"
},
{
"docid": "D3327432#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_schools_did_Eleanor_Roosevelt_attend\nWhere did Theodore Roosevelt attend school?",
"text": "Klenmark 5 Contributions Where did Theodore Roosevelt attend school? Theodore Roosevelt attended both Harvard University and Columbia University Lilydakine 1,180 Contributions If you are from the Bronx what changes do you have to get to Eleanor Roosevelt High School in NYC? To go to Eleanor Roosevelt you have to be in District 2. Also, to transfer you either need to be in eighth grade applying for ninth, or ninth applying for tenth. You need to s …Karams.222 10 Contributions What school did Eleanor roosevelt go to?the school she went to was a private school she went there for 8 months and then her grandma pulled her out because she thought it was unsafe Karams.222 10 Contributions Where did Eleanor Roosevelt go to high school?eleanor roosevelt went to west high school. Besteststalker 11 Contributions Were did Eleanor Roosevelt go to school? She went to school somewhere in London, I'm doing the research right now for her. If someone knows the answer, please put it up here and put the source you found it at. That w …Did Eleanor Roosevelt go to school?go ask her. she went to allenswood and had some tutores she didn't go to college Katelynn Sara 1 Contribution Where did Eleanor Roosevelt go to school?"
},
{
"docid": "D1778568#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/FAQ/6888-2\nSelena Quintanilla",
"text": "\"Wiki Answers ® Categories Entertainment & Arts Music Music Genres Pop Music Selena Quintanilla Unanswered | Answered Selena Quintanilla Parent Category: Pop Music Selena Quintanilla, better known simply as Selena, was a Mexican-American singer who was once referred to as the \"\"Mexican Madonna\"\". < 2 3 4 >When did Selena meet her husband? Sometime in 1988 and were married on April 2, 1992Where did yolanda saldivar go to school? Mc Collum high school Who is the black guy in Selena y los dinos?that's an old friend of her family's, Don Shelton. What is Selena's favorite song she wrote?the answer is natrully What was the name of Selena Quintanilla-Pérez tour bus? Big Bertha Why did the killer of Selena kill her? Yolanda was jealous of Selena and she envied her so she killed her. What happened to Selena's killer? She was sentenced to life (or until 2025. ) How did Selena quintanilla inspire people?"
},
{
"docid": "D2880337#0",
"title": "http://www.behindthename.com/name/soraya/comments\nUser comments for Soraya",
"text": "\"Soraya Name Submitted Popularity Related Namesakes Ratings Comments User comments for Soraya Meaning/History Usage Pronunciation Famous Bearer Personal Impression Other (click a heading above to filter the comments by that type)I had a friend in college with this name she was from Puerto Rico. It's a very exotic name but very beautiful. ― Today1 8/6/2006Soraya is the name of the female lead in Hilari Bell's Farsala Trilogy. ― Kelpie 1/11/2007In Persian it means \"\"princess\"\". ― Dravinus 10/17/2007It's so pretty! I didn't know it was a real name though. I thought Hilari Bell made it up. ― Anonymous User 5/8/2008I like this name because it is a good girl name, easy to pronounce and it is sweet, elegant, smart and sexy at the same time. :) ― Anonymous User 7/5/2008This name is also used in Spanish as a variant of \"\"Zoraida\"\". I met a beautiful little girl in Honduras named Soraya (\"\"so-RIE-a\"\"). ―"
},
{
"docid": "D485407#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_did_ruby_bridges_get_the_presidential_citizens_medal\nHow can you get someone the presidential citizens medal?",
"text": "How can you get someone the presidential citizens medal?wow. you can get someone the presdental citizens medal? Gg-2k9 38 Contributions Who is Ruby Bridges? Ruby Bridges was born on September 8, 1954 in Tylertown,Mississippi. At the age of four, she moved with her parents to New Orleans. When she was only six years old, her parents …Karzymay 15 Contributions About ruby bridges?ruby bridges ......-was the first black kid to go to a all white school ruby was not like by the kids mom and dads but that did not stop her from going to a all white schoo …Lindsey4h 21 Contributions Where is Ruby Bridges from? She was born in Tylertown, Mississippi. But later moved to New Orleans, so really she's from Tylertown, Mississippi. She moved to New Orleans Lousiana when she was 4 with her p …Joiroman123 1 Contribution What did Ruby Bridges do? Ruby Bridges was the first African American too go too a all whiteelementary school because she had a extreme intelligence since shewas very smart for her age the elementary s …What does Ruby Bridges do?she waas the first colored person to interegate an all white school Camaiyahester 10 Contributions Why did Ruby Bridges do what she did?"
}
] |
8606 | \what causes blackout | [
{
"docid": "D313636#0",
"title": "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/blackouts.htm\nBlackouts",
"text": "\"Blackouts Intro Types Causes Tests Treatment Symptom Checker Misdiagnosis Deaths Drugs Must Reads in Health Protecting Your Skin During Winter Watch: My Personal Psoriasis Journey Are You Getting The Best Cancer Care? Keeping An Active Lifestyle With COPDLiver Disease? Find a Doc Who Treats PBCAre You Allergic To Your Clothes? Why Psoriasis Treatments Can Fail Blackouts: Blackouts: Introduction Causes (38 conditions)Symptom Checker Types Misdiagnosis Deaths Home Testing Treatments Drug causes (7 drugs)Comorbid Symptoms Classifications News (1 listings)Stories from Users Blackouts: Introduction Blackouts: Loss of consciousness leading to a loss of memory of a specific time. See detailed information below for a list of 38 causes of Blackouts, Symptom Checker, including diseases and drug side effect causes.» Review Causes of Blackouts: Causes | Symptom Checker »Causes of Blackouts: The following medical conditions are some of the possible causes of Blackouts. There are likely to be other possible causes, so ask your doctor about your symptoms. Arrhythmia Aortic stenosis Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy Diabetes mellitus Blood pressure medication Heart attack Aortic dissection Epilepsy Stroke Transient ischaemic attack Prolonged standing Emotional episode Low blood sugar Psychotic episode Drugs Alcohol Cardiac ischemia Cardiac tamponade Congestive heart failure Vasovagal syncope Orthostasis Dehydration Medications Seizuremore causes...»See full list of 38 causes of Blackouts» Review Causes of Blackouts: Causes | Symptom Checker »Home Diagnostic Testing and Blackouts Home medical tests possibly related to Blackouts: Nerve Neuropathy: Related Home Testing: Home Diabetes Test Kits Home Blood Glucose Testing Kitsmore home tests...»Causes of Types of Blackouts: Review the causes of these more specific types of Blackouts: Level of consciousness, decreased (11 causes)Unresponsiveness (44 causes)Reduced alertness (12 causes)more types...»See full list of 3 types for Blackouts Blackouts: Symptom Checker Listed below are some combinations of symptoms associated with Blackouts, as listed in our database. Visit the Symptom Checker , to add and remove symptoms and research your condition. Symptom Checker Blackouts: Symptom Checker Symptom Checker Blackouts and Fainting (27 causes)Blackouts and Delirium (21 causes)Blackouts and Movement symptoms (20 causes)Blackouts and Cognitive impairment (19 causes)Blackouts and Muscle symptoms (19 causes)Blackouts and Seizures (19 causes)Blackouts and Behavioral symptoms (18 causes)Blackouts and Emotional symptoms (17 causes)Blackouts and Nerve symptoms (17 causes)Blackouts and Personality symptoms (17 causes)Blackouts and Society problems (17 causes)Blackouts and Unconsciousness (16 causes)Blackouts and Fatigue (16 causes)Blackouts and Muscle weakness (16 causes)Blackouts and Musculoskeletal symptoms (16 causes)more...»See full list of 501 Symptom Checkers for Blackouts Blackouts Treatments Review further information on Blackouts Treatments ."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D3018726#0",
"title": "https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/1663419?hl=en\nRemove URLs Tool",
"text": "\"Remove URLs Tool Temporarily block search results from sites that you own The Remove URLs tool enables you to temporarily block pages from Google Search results on sites that you own. For sites that you don't own, see here. A successful request lasts only about 90 days. After that, your information can appear on Google search results (see Making removal permanent ). You must be an owner of the search console property that corresponds to the URL to be able to use this tool. If not, follow these instructions instead. To temporarily block a Search Console property page from Google Search: Open the Remove URLs tool. Click Temporarily hide. Enter the relative path of the desired image, page, or directory. The following rules apply: The URL is case-sensitive."
},
{
"docid": "D3460230#0",
"title": "http://www.cbsnews.com/news/sopa-pipa-what-you-need-to-know/\nSOPA, PIPA: What you need to know",
"text": "\"Play Video SOPA, PIPA spark website protests Having trouble using Wikipedia today? That's because the popular crowd-sourced online encyclopedia is participating in an \"\"Internet blackout\"\" in protest of two controversial anti-piracy bills: The Stop Online Piracy Act ( SOPA) and its Senate companion, the Protect IP Act ( PIPA ). Pictures: Websites go dark to protest SOPAThe bills are intended to strengthen protections against copyright infringement and intellectual property theft, but Internet advocates say they would stifle expression on the World Wide Web. In essence, the legislation has pitted content providers -- like the music and film industries -- against Silicon Valley. CBS Corporation is among the media and entertainment companies that support the legislation. \"\" It's not a battle of left versus right,\"\" said progressive activist Adam Green, whose organization Progressive Change Campaign Committee on Tuesday hosted a press conference with opponents of the bills. \"\" Frankly, it's a battle of old versus new. \"\" Here's a basic look at the actions taking place today and the legislation causing all the fuss. What's going on today? The popular link-sharing site Reddit got the ball rolling for today's 24-hour Internet blackout."
},
{
"docid": "D659084#0",
"title": "http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/brownout\nDefinition of âbrownoutâ - English Dictionary",
"text": "Definition of “brownout” - English Dictionary English English Business Examples English Business Examples“brownout” in English See all translationsbrownout noun [ C]/ ˈbraʊn.aʊt / mainly US› an occasion when less electric power than usual is supplied to an area: Peak usage periods, such as extreme cold weather, have been known to spark brownouts. ( Definition of “brownout” from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press)“brownout” in Business English See all translationsbrownout noun [ C]uk / ˈbraʊnaʊt / us NATURAL RESOURCES› a period of time when the electricity supply is not strong enough to supply all the power that is needed: The cafe was without lights because of a brownout. Maryland faces potential brownouts within five years unless it builds new power plants. Compareblackout (Definition of “brownout” from the Cambridge Business English Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)Help us add to the Cambridge Dictionary!BETAThese examples are from external sources. Click on the icon to tell us what you think.brownout Massive brownouts and blackouts lasted for several weeks, even affecting the water supply. From Wikipedia The utilities attempt to meet the demand and succeed or fail to varying degrees ( brownout, rolling blackout, uncontrolled blackout). From Wikipedia In night landings, aircraft lighting can enhance the visual illusions by illuminating the brownout cloud. From Wikipedia The system is designed for day, night and brownout flight environments. From Wikipedia The term brownout comes from the dimming experienced by lighting when the voltage sags. From Wikipedia The brownout phenomenon causes accidents during helicopter landing and take-off operations in arid desert terrain."
},
{
"docid": "D1511380#0",
"title": "http://www.hamsnetwork.org/blackouts/\n.",
"text": "Alcohol induced blackouts generally tend to occur when the alcohol in your bloodstream spikes too high and too rapidly. This exposes your brain to a sudden spike in BAC (blood alcohol content). Most people can avoid alcohol blackouts fairly easily by following a few simple drinking rules to avoid spiking their BAC. However, some people may have a great deal more difficulty in avoiding alcoholic blackouts than other people do. These include people who have had gastric bypass surgery, people with long histories of severe alcohol abuse and withdrawal, and people with genetic irregularities in their alcohol metabolism . If you tend to black out very frequently when you drink even if you drink small amounts of alcohol then alcohol abstinence may be your best drinking goal. Marijuana maintenance is a realistic option for people who have too many problems with alcoholic blackouts or with alcohol withdrawal syndrome . Strategies To Prevent Blackouts Eat The stomach has only a few square feet of surface area to use to absorb liquids, but the small intestine has many thousands of square feet for the purpose of absorbing liquids because it is covered with villi. When you eat a meal then you cause the valve between the stomach and the intestine to close for several hours--this greatly slows the influx of alcohol into the bloodstream and prevents BAC spikes. Hydrate If you drink a lot of water before you have any alcohol then you will not be thirsty."
},
{
"docid": "D547448#0",
"title": "http://www.silencertalk.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=59586\nAAC Brake with Crush Washer OK?",
"text": "\"Board index » Silencers / NFA » Silencer Talk All times are UTC+01:00AAC Brake with Crush Washer OK? Moderators: mpallett, renegade, bakerjw Page 1 of 1 [ 18 posts ]Previous topic | Next topic Author Message Archangel Post subject: AAC Brake with Crush Washer OK? Post Posted: Tue Jun 22, 2010 2:50 pm Offline Silent But Deadly Joined: Wed Nov 29, 2006 5:29 pm Posts: 277I didn't like the shims that came with the muzzle brake so I used a crush washer to install the brake. The M42000 goes on just fine and doesn't seem to be affected by the crush washer. I have not shot the weapon yet. Is the crush washer ok?_________________ Quote: Originally Posted By ken_mays: Sometimes, the professional touch is required. Most chicks aren't down for peeing on your face while you crank the neck of a live chicken. Topchrismartin Post subject: Re: AAC Brake with Crush Washer OK? Post Posted: Tue Jun 22, 2010 2:56 pm Offline Silencertalk Goon Squad Joined: Mon Mar 13, 2006 2:18 am Posts: 4226 Location: Tidewater, VAA crush washer may not crush perfectly flat."
},
{
"docid": "D1777292#0",
"title": "https://www.tvproviders.com/tv-101/why-is-my-cable-picture-fuzzy.html\nWhy is My Cable Picture Fuzzy?",
"text": "\"Why is My Cable Picture Fuzzy?19 Oct 2013 - TV 101Television transmission has come a long way in the last decade, but that doesn't mean every problem has been eliminated. With the changeover to digital, fewer customers need to experience the tragedy of grainy broadcast channels or stations of pure static when it is storming outside. But that doesn't mean you'll always be able to tune in clear, HD cable every time. Customers all over the country occasionally deal with some of the most common fuzzy cable problems, not to mention issues such as tiling and blackouts. A call to the cable company is always a good step to take towards solving the issue, but calling out a repairman may not always be necessary. Fuzzy Cable and Other Problems When most people refer to \"\"fuzzy\"\" digital cable, they are talking about a scrambled picture, filling the screen with something that looks a lot like colorful static. While this is certainly a problem, it isn't the only one cable subscribers may come across. Tiling refers to the problem of an on-screen image breaking down into pixelated blocks, sometimes freezing the TV show in question. And of course blackouts refer to a channel or channels that simply do nothing at all. Some TVs will display a \"\"No Signal Available\"\" message when a blackout has occurred."
},
{
"docid": "D936699#0",
"title": "http://www.nerd4rent.com/reports/powerproblems.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Source: Contingency Planning Anatomy of a Power Disturbance Surges, spikes, blackouts and brownouts...what really happens to your computer when it experiences an out-of-bounds power anomaly? We'll use a nearby lightning strike as an example, although it is just one of countless problems that can strike your system. Lightning strikes a nearby transformer. If the surge is powerful enough, it travels instantaneously through wiring, network, serial and phone lines and more, with the electrical equivalent force of a tidal wave. The surge travels into your computer via the outlet or phone lines. The first casualty is usually a modem or motherboard. Chips go next, and data is lost. The utility responds to overvoltages by disconnecting the grid. This creates brownouts and blackouts. If the voltage drops low enough, or blacks out, the hard disk may crash, destroying the data stored on the disk."
},
{
"docid": "D687515#0",
"title": "http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa63/aa63.htm\n.",
"text": "Print Version Number 63 October 2004ALCOHOL’S DAMAGING EFFECTS ON THE BRAINDifficulty walking, blurred vision, slurred speech, slowed reaction times, impaired memory: Clearly, alcohol affects the brain. Some of these impairments are detectable after only one or two drinks and quickly resolve when drinking stops. On the other hand, a person who drinks heavily over a long period of time may have brain deficits that persist well after he or she achieves sobriety. Exactly how alcohol affects the brain and the likelihood of reversing the impact of heavy drinking on the brain remain hot topics in alcohol research today. We do know that heavy drinking may have extensive and far–reaching effects on the brain, ranging from simple “slips” in memory to permanent and debilitating conditions that require lifetime custodial care. And even moderate drinking leads to short–term impairment, as shown by extensive research on the impact of drinking on driving. A number of factors influence how and to what extent alcohol affects the brain (1), includinghow much and how often a person drinks;the age at which he or she first began drinking, and how long he or she has been drinking;the person’s age, level of education, gender, genetic background, and family history of alcoholism;whether he or she is at risk as a result of prenatal alcohol exposure; andhis or her general health status. This Alcohol Alert reviews some common disorders associated with alcohol–related brain damage and the people at greatest risk for impairment. It looks at traditional as well as emerging therapies for the treatment and prevention of alcohol–related disorders and includes a brief look at the high–tech tools that are helping scientists to better understand the effects of alcohol on the brain. BLACKOUTS AND MEMORY LAPSESAlcohol can produce detectable impairments in memory after only a few drinks and, as the amount of alcohol increases, so does the degree of impairment."
},
{
"docid": "D1963362#0",
"title": "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/14/2003-northeast-blackout_n_3751171.html\nThe 2003 Northeast Blackout, 10 Years Later (PHOTOS)",
"text": "ENVIRONMENT 08/14/2013 08:14 am ET Updated Dec 06, 2017The 2003 Northeast Blackout, 10 Years Later (PHOTOS)A decade ago today, more than 50 million people lost power during the great Northeast Blackout of 2003. An aging electrical grid, a series of technology flaws and a few overgrown trees led to a cascading series of outages stretching from New York City to Ohio and up into Ontario, Canada. Power outages cost the economy between $18 and $33 billion a year, according to a recent report from the Department of Energy. That number can shoot upwards of $75 billion during years with extreme weather events, such as 2012’s Superstorm Sandy. So, ten years later, are we still at risk for another major system failure? Not so much, at least according to industry experts cited in a recent Reuters story. Eight months after the event — the largest ever in North America — the U. S. and Canada created a joint task force to minimize future blackouts, resulting in 2005’s Energy Policy Act. Obviously, power outages are unpredictable by nature and “we’ll never be able to eliminate [blackouts] entirely,” Jay Apt, a former NASA astronaut and physicist and director of the Carnegie Mellon Electricity Industry Center, told Reuters. “ The frequency of large and small blackouts has not really changed since we became good at keeping statistics on them 30 years ago. ”This week, the Obama administration called for an increase in spending to upgrade the nation’s electrical grid as we face the “ increasing incidence of severe weather .”"
},
{
"docid": "D904051#0",
"title": "http://moderncombat.wikia.com/wiki/Modern_Combat_5:_Blackout\nModern Combat 5: Blackout",
"text": "\"MC5Genre First-person shooter Developer Gameloft Bucharest Publisher Gameloft Engine Gameloft's own Release date July 24, 2014Modes Singleplayer Online multiplayer Platforms i OS Android Windows Phone Windows 8.1 and 10 Nexus Player Size 929 MB at initial download, 1.8 GB final (i OS)Requirements i OS 8 or higher (i OS) Android 4.0 or higher (Android)Input methods Touch screen MOGA controllers (Android)Price Free Ratings 17+ (Apple App Store) M ( ESRB) [1] 16+ PEGIPredecessor Modern Combat 4: Zero Hour Update history Game portal Game category Forum Modern Combat 5: Blackout is the sixth edition in the Modern Combat series, and is the first game in the series developed by Gameloft Bucharest. It was released on July 24, 2014 for mobile devices and Microsoft Windows. Gameloft first revealed the game at E3 on June 6, 2013 on their You Tube Channel via a teaser trailer . In contrast with previous Modern Combat titles, Modern Combat 5: Blackout uses a \"\"freemium\"\" model, with the game being free-to-play but allowing players to unlock premium content, such as new weapons and armors with in-Game credits, which can be purchased with real-world currency or received in exchange for viewing in-game ads. Contents [ show]Campaign One noticeable change in Modern Combat 5: Blackout from previous titles is that campaign missions are much shorter. The average mission lasts 5-10 minutes, noticeably shorter than Zero Hour's or Fallen Nation's average mission length of 15-20 minutes. Modern Combat 5: Blackout also introduces allies during missions - characters who travel along with the player and assist during firefights. As in Zero Hour, campaign missions in Blackout vary in style. The game is primarily a first-person shooter; but also includes missions where the player controls mounted guns on vehicles, boats, and even drones; as well as \"\"Spec Ops\"\" missions with unique objectives, such as requiring the player to use a sniper rifle to defend allies from an attack. Unlike in previous titles, there is no difficulty setting - with enemies simply becoming stronger as the player progresses through the missions (enemies will also begin to wield higher-tier weapons in all missions as the player unlocks them in-game)."
},
{
"docid": "D3461374#0",
"title": "http://www.thetruthaboutguns.com/2011/07/foghorn/ammunition-review-300-aac-blackout/\nAmmunition Review: .300 AAC Blackout",
"text": "\"Ammunition Review: .300 AAC Blackoutby Foghorn |Jul 29, 2011 |144 commentsfacebook twitter linkedin email There are problems with the 5.56x45mm NATO round, especially out of short barreled guns — mainly that it’s loud and underpowered compared to what the enemy is using. Many have tried over the years to fix this problem, coming up with wacky calibers like .300 Whisper, 6.8 Rem Special, 6.5mm Grendel, and more recently Wilson Combat’s 6.8mm offering. They all work, but they all have fatal flaws. AAC has come out with a new round that they claim works with existing AR magazines, bolts, bolt carriers, and fixes all the short distance and short barreled problems of the 5.56mm NATO round while still being as quiet as an MP5-SD. Naturally we asked them to put up or shut up, and they invited me out to their Atlanta, Georgia factory to do just that. The put up part, that is. I had a chance to sit down with Kevin Brittingham, the founder of AAC, and discuss .300 Blackout for a while. And by “a while” I mean it was a 45 minute conversation. The man was a fountain of knowledge, and it just kept pouring. He started with some history.300 Blackout, which has turned out to be one of the biggest things going for this company, which we’re totally excited about, that was sort of an accident."
},
{
"docid": "D3260207#0",
"title": "https://symptomchecker.webmd.com/multiple-symptoms?symptoms=blackouts-(memory-time-loss)%7Ccoma%7Cconfusion%7Cdelusions&symptomids=473%7C477%7C57%7C421&locations=2%7C2%7C2%7C2\nBlackouts (memory time loss), Coma, Confusion and Delusions",
"text": "Blackouts (memory time loss), Coma, Confusion and Delusions Web MD Symptom Checker helps you find the most common medical conditions indicated by the symptoms blackouts (memory time loss), coma, confusion and delusions including Medication reaction or side-effect, Schizophrenia, and Head injury. There are 58 conditions associated with blackouts (memory time loss), coma, confusion and delusions. The links below will provide you with more detailed information on these medical conditions from the Web MD Symptom Checker and help provide a better understanding of causes and treatment of these related conditions. Medication reaction or side-effect Medication side effects include nausea, vomiting, stomach upset, weakness, dizziness, seizures, and more. Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a serious, chronic mental illness that causes delusional or hallucinogenic thoughts. Head injury Symptoms of a head injury vary but include headache, nausea, dizziness, memory problems, confusion, and more. Dementia with Lewy bodies Dementia with Lewy bodies is a brain disorder that causes problems managing memory and movement. Stroke A stroke occurs when blood and oxygen to the brain are cut off, and causes numbness, confusion, and more. Diabetic ketoacidosis Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis include dry mouth, excessive thirst and urination, and more. Drug overdose A drug overdose can be fatal and causes sleepiness, confusion, coma, vomiting, and other symptoms."
},
{
"docid": "D3279039#0",
"title": "http://www.ebay.com/bhp/blue-microphone\n$109.00Buy It NowFree Shipping",
"text": "Blue Blueberry Microphones Blue Spark Microphones Blue Baby Bottle Microphones New Blue Yeti - Silver USB Microphone Professional Recording Tri-Capsule Studio$109.00Buy It Now Free Shipping72 watching | 109 sold Yeti doesn't mind getting pushed around, it lets you adjust and pivot the microphone in relation to the sound source. Once you've achieved the desired angle, simply hand-tighten the set knobs to secur... BLUE MICROPHONES Yeti Pro USB Condenser Microphone, Multipattern w/ Wind Screen$200.00Buy It Now Free Shipping The Yeti Pro is the world's first USB microphone combining 24-bit/192 k Hz digital recording resolution with analog XLR output., the Yeti Pro is your ultimate sound solution. More Product Information f... Blue Microphones Snowball USB Condenser Microphone (Black)$49.99Buy It Now Free Shipping The black Snowball from Blue incorporates Blue's revolutionary Ball microphone design with the added convenience of a USB output. The USB output allows an audio signal to be fed directly to software-bas... Blue Microphones Yeti Professional USB Condenser Microphone - Sliver$59.99Buy It Now Free Shipping33 watching | 35 sold Blue Microphones Yeti Teal USB Microphone with Headphones and Knox Pop Filter Authorized Dealer - Full USA Warranty$139.99Buy It Now Free Shipping206 watching | 120 sold Yeti doesn’t mind getting pushed around—it lets you adjust and pivot the microphone in relation to the sound source, which optimizes your sound quality. Once you’ve achieved the desired angle, simply ... Blue Microphones Yeti Professional USB Condenser Microphone - Black$65.00Buy It Now Free Shipping We will provide our best service. Blue Yeti Blackout Professional Omnidirectional USB Microphone with Stand, Black Brand New. Retail Packaging.$109.99Buy It Now Free Shipping174 watching | 209 sold Blue Yeti Blackout has an adjustable, shock absorbing pivot mount for optimized sound quality recording. The Yeti can be used with no drives necessary, just plug in and start recording on your Mac or ... Blue Microphones Yeti Teal USB Microphone with Knox Studio Arm and Pop Filter Authorized Dealer - Full USA Warranty$139.00Buy It Now Free Shipping Blue Microphones Yeti USB Microphone (Teal). Blue Microphone Yeti USB Microphone (Teal)."
},
{
"docid": "D195325#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/102527082/3rd-millennium-classrooms-alcohol-wise-pre-test-flash-cards/\n3rd Millennium Classrooms:: Alcohol-Wise (Pre-test)",
"text": "45 terms Mari_Valenzuela3rd Millennium Classrooms:: Alcohol-Wise (Pre-test)Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort What percentage of first-year students fail to enroll their second year? 33%Select the statement that is true about alcohol tolerance. If you reach a BAC level beyond a normal social drinking range and do not feel some of the effects of lower BACs, you have a higher tolerance for alcohol. Which of the following statements is true about college students and drinking? On average, two out of three college students drink two or fewer alcoholic beverages a week. Which of the following statements is true about college drinking? Many college students have exaggerated views about the quantity and frequency of drinking among their peers. Alcohol-related accidents and violence are the leading cause of death for Amercians under the age of 35."
},
{
"docid": "D1760549#0",
"title": "http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/feb/14/grid-protecting-cipa-enacted-but-in-time/\nGrid-protecting CIPA: Enacted, but in time?",
"text": "\"Print By Ambassador R. James Woolsey and Dr. Peter Vincent Pry - - Tuesday, February 14, 2017Congress, virtually at the last minute and unnoted by the press, finally passed the Critical Infrastructure Protection Act (CIPA) — arguably the single most important piece of legislation approved by Congress in 2016 — by inserting it into the National Defense Authorization Act. The bill, long-championed by Rep. Trent Franks, Arizona Republican, and sponsored by Sen. Ron Johnson, Wisconsin Republican, in the Senate, has traveled a long road. Eight years ago, the Congressional EMP Commission urged Capitol Hill to direct the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to protect the electric grid and other critical infrastructures from a man-made or natural electromagnetic pulse (EMP). EMP could cause a protracted nationwide blackout. The EMP Commission warned a nationwide blackout lasting one year could kill up to 90 percent of the American people through societal collapse and starvation. CIPA implements one of the most important recommendations of the EMP Commission to prevent societal mass destruction. It directs the DHS to establish new national planning scenarios focused on protecting and recovering the nation from an EMP catastrophe. All federal, state and local emergency planning, training and resource allocation are based on the DHS national planning scenarios. Passage of CIPA means that millions of emergency planners and first responders across the nation, including police, firefighters and National Guardsmen, will become part of the solution to the existential threat that is EMP. CIPA also requires the DHS to start pilot programs demonstrating that the national electric grid can be protected from the catastrophic consequences of an EMP event cost-effectively."
},
{
"docid": "D668931#0",
"title": "https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/storms-on-sun.html\n",
"text": "\"Sun-Earth Overview News & Media Resources Missions Multimedia Solar Storm FAQs All NASA Missions Text Size Storms From the Sun March 8, 2012Artist illustration of events on the sun changing the conditions in Near-Earth space. Image Credit: NASA› View larger Space weather starts at the sun. It begins with an eruption such as a huge burst of light and radiation called a solar flare or a gigantic cloud of solar material called a coronal mass ejection (CME). But the effects of those eruptions happen at Earth, or at least near-Earth space. Scientists monitor several kinds of space \"\"weather\"\" events -- geomagnetic storms, solar radiation storms, and radio blackouts – all caused by these immense explosions on the sun. Geomagnetic Storms Auroras occur primarily near Earth's poles. They are the most common and the only visual result of space weather. This aurora image associated with solar flares and CMEs on February 23-24, 2012 was taken over Muonio, Finland before sunrise on February 27, 2012. Image Credit: Courtesy of Thomas Kast› View larger To measure the strength of a geomagnetic storm, scientists measure something called Kp index, which measures the rate of change of magnetic fields near Earth. The Kp index scale goes from 1 to 9."
},
{
"docid": "D1033000#0",
"title": "http://businesstech.co.za/news/general/83429/eskom-blackouts-cost-south-africa-r80-billion-per-month/\nEskom blackouts cost South Africa R80 billion per month",
"text": "Eskom blackouts cost South Africa R80 billion per month Staff Writer 25 March 2015shares Power cuts implemented by Eskom costs South Africa’s economy between $1.7 billion (R20 billion) and $6.8 billion (R80.1 billion) a month, Reuters has reported. The news agency cited a presentation by the department of public enterprises to parliament on Wednesday (25 March).“Load shedding between stages 1 and 3 costs the economy anywhere between 20 billion rand ($1.69 billion) to 80 billion rand per month,” the presentation said. Eskom has been forced into rolling blackouts in 2015 following the collapse of one of its coal storage silos, diesel shortages, and maintenance issues. Leadership issues also continue to plague the power utility following the suspension of Eskom’s CEO, Tshediso Matona, and three other senior executives including the financial director, to allow for the Tsotsi inquiry into the operations of the utility without their interference. Dawie Roodt, director and chief economist at The Efficient Group, said late last year that Eskom’s blackouts had cost South Africa as much as R300 billion since 2008. Energy expert, Chris Yelland recently noted that Eskom’s controlled blackouts, since December 2014, have had a “serious negative economic impact”. The cost to the economy during stage 1 load shedding – 10 hours of blackouts per day for 20 days a month – is R20 billion per month. Stage 2 load shedding, using the same time parameters, costs the economy R40 billion per month, while stage 3 is estimated to cost SA R80 billion per month. World Bank data shows South Africa’s GDP at $350.6 billion (R4.1 trillion), meaning stage 3 load shedding wipes almost 2% of the country’s economic weight off the map. “These costs to the productive economy for load shedding in SA are based on a cost of unserved energy of R100 per k Wh,” said Yelland."
},
{
"docid": "D1965641#0",
"title": "http://www.ourhealth.com/conditions/eye-conditions/blackout-for-a-few-seconds\nBlackout for a few seconds",
"text": "\"Blackout for a few seconds Posted In: Eye conditions 28 Replies Posted By: fishy4 June 16, 2008 03:32 AMOk, i am 15 turning 16 and i have started having this blackout problem which started a few month's ago. If i stand up or sitdown or move really, i will sometimes have a 5-15 second blackout where i loose all my senses and if im standing have to hold on to something to avoid falling over, which doesn't always work, and i end up falling straight backwards. They happen around 5-10 times a week. And im really getting sick of them, becuase it'll look really strange if i just fall over backwards in front of people. But some things that i find have helped are when i feel them coming, i sit down and they aren't as bad, but i still loose my vision, and all my senses go. Also they are really bad if i wake up and go have a shower, i will have to quickly sit down, or i will almost always fall down. It also could be the heat, but i highly doubt it cause it usually happens in my basement up here in Canada. If thats any help. So if anyone could help me or point me in the right direction cause i am so lost! : confused: I will check back and reply to anyone who posts."
},
{
"docid": "D2745824#0",
"title": "https://www.curejoy.com/content/why-is-blinking-important/\nWhy Is Blinking Important? Why Do We Blink Our Eyes?",
"text": "Why Do We Blink? We all blink. Most of the time, we blink naturally without being aware of it. This is spontaneous blinking. Sometimes we blink reflexively as a response to external stimuli, say when an external object (such as an insect) appears suddenly in front of your eyes. We may even blink voluntarily to clear blurry vision or when eyes feel fatigued. Infants and adults blink differently. On an average, infants blink only one or two times every minute, but an adult blinks nearly 14 – 17 times per minute. The reason for this difference is still unknown, but some suggest that infants do not require the same amount of eye lubrication that adults do because of their smaller eyelid opening when compared to adults. The blinking rate can change based on context."
},
{
"docid": "D721228#0",
"title": "http://gizmodo.com/why-the-human-body-cant-handle-heavy-acceleration-1640491171\nWhy the Human Body Can't Handle Heavy Acceleration",
"text": "\"Your browser does not support HTML5 video tag. Our bodies are surprisingly resilient in many situations, but rapid acceleration is not one of them. While the human body can withstand any constant speed—be it 20 miles per hour or 20 billion miles per hour—we can only change that rate of travel relatively slowly. Speed up or slow down too quickly and it's lights out for you, permanently. The A-B-Gs of acceleration Whether you're jumping out of an airplane or tripping over an ottoman, your fall to the ground is governed by the force of the Earth's gravity. This force causes falling objects to accelerate at a rate of 32 feet per second squared until they reach terminal velocity (which is the force of an object's drag equals and cancels out any further acceleration), or the plummeting object impacts another object that halts the fall. Acceleration relative to gravity is quantified in \"\"Gs\"\", a nomenclature most commonly used in aviation, and one that you've surely heard before. 1 G is the equivalent to the pressure applied to the human body by the gravitational constant (9.80665 meters per second squared) at sea level. That is to say, just standing around. G-forces higher than this can't be produced by gravity alone; there has to be a mechanical force in effect as well."
}
] |
8607 | \what did james watson and francis crick discover about dna | [
{
"docid": "D1342648#0",
"title": "http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/watson-and-crick-discover-chemical-structure-of-dna\nWatson and Crick discover chemical structure of DNA",
"text": "Lead Story1953Watson and Crick discover chemical structure of DNAShare this:facebook twitter google+Print Cite On this day in 1953, Cambridge University scientists James D. Watson and Francis H. C. Crick announce that they have determined the double-helix structure of DNA, the molecule containing human genes. Though DNA–short for deoxyribonucleic acid–was discovered in 1869, its crucial role in determining genetic inheritance wasn’t demonstrated until 1943. In the early 1950s, Watson and Crick were only two of many scientists working on figuring out the structure of DNA. California chemist Linus Pauling suggested an incorrect model at the beginning of 1953, prompting Watson and Crick to try and beat Pauling at his own game. On the morning of February 28, they determined that the structure of DNA was a double-helix polymer, or a spiral of two DNA strands, each containing a long chain of monomer nucleotides, wound around each other. According to their findings, DNA replicated itself by separating into individual strands, each of which became the template for a new double helix. In his best-selling book, The Double Helix (1968), Watson later claimed that Crick announced the discovery by walking into the nearby Eagle Pub and blurting out that “we had found the secret of life.” The truth wasn’t that far off, as Watson and Crick had solved a fundamental mystery of science–how it was possible for genetic instructions to be held inside organisms and passed from generation to generation. Watson and Crick’s solution was formally announced on April 25, 1953, following its publication in that month’s issue of Nature magazine. The article revolutionized the study of biology and medicine."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D3469149#0",
"title": "http://faculty.philosophy.umd.edu/LDarden/sciinq/\n.",
"text": "\"I received a query: Are there cases of famous scientists who did good work but also made honest mistakes? Would I write something, as a historian and philosopher of science, readable by a high school graduate, about several such scientists? This paper is the response to that request. Copyright by Lindley Darden 1998The Nature of Scientific Inquiry Professor Lindley Darden, Ph. D. Committee on the History and Philosophy of Science Department of Philosophy University of Maryland, College Park College Park, MD 20742Introduction Science is an error correcting process. Science thrives on open and free debate about the merits of rival hypotheses. Sometimes many rivals are considered before the best is found. It's the nature of scientific inquiry that scientists publish hypotheses that may later be disproved by new evidence and replaced by a better rival. Eventually some hypotheses receive sufficient positive evidence. They become accepted as part of scientific knowledge, with the proviso that even the best theories may be revised in the light of new evidence."
},
{
"docid": "D1677883#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_discovered_molecules\nWho discovered molecules?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Chemistry Who discovered molecules? Flag Who discovered molecules? Answer by Albarz Confidence votes 5.8KAt the time in which he lived, the word 'molecule' was used for all basic particles of matter, including atoms. The Italian, Amadeo Avogadro believed that there were three different types of molecule including 'elementary molecules' (atoms). About a hundred years before Avogrado, Anglo-Irishman Robert Boyle had hypothesised that matter was composed of clusters of particles which he called corpuscles. A Frenchman, Nicolas Lemery used Boyle's corpuscle theory as the basis of his theory that molecules were bound together by a geometric lock.9 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Jessicaacissej 9 Contributions Who discovered the structure of the DNA molecule? Francis Crick and James Watson DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) appears likely to have evolved from the much simpler molecule, RNA. Of course, DNA was not the only possible directi …When was the DNA molecule discovered?describe the shapes of the DNA molecule Amanda Masi 1 Contribution Which scientist discovered the shape of the DNA molecule? Francis Crick and James Watson worked out that DNA was arranged ina double-helix shape."
},
{
"docid": "D1640234#0",
"title": "https://www.dnalc.org/view/16439-Biography-19-Rosalind-Elsie-Franklin-1920-1958-.html\n.",
"text": "\"Website Search ID 16439Biography 19: Rosalind Elsie Franklin (1920-1958)Rosalind Franklin was born in London, England. Her family was well-to-do and both sides were very involved in social and public works. Franklin's father wanted to be a scientist, but World War I cut short his education and he became a college teacher instead. Rosalind Franklin was extremely intelligent and she knew by the age of 15 that she wanted to be a scientist. Her father actively discouraged her interest since it was very difficult for women to have such a career. However, with her excellent education from St. Paul's Girls' School ? one of the few institutions at the time that taught physics and chemistry to girls ? Franklin entered Cambridge University in 1938 to study chemistry. When she graduated, Franklin was awarded a research scholarship to do graduate work. She spent a year in R. G. W. Norrish's lab without great success."
},
{
"docid": "D1448401#0",
"title": "http://www.famousscientists.org/erwin-chargaff/\nErwin Chargaff",
"text": "\"Erwin Chargaff Lived 1905 – 2002. Erwin Chargaff’s research paved the way for the discoveries of DNA’s structure and its method of replication. His observation that DNA varies from species to species made it highly credible that DNA was genetic material. His identification of 1:1 ratios in DNA’s bases allowed James Watson and Francis Crick to see how these bases slotted into the double helix and how DNA could act as a template for copies of itself. Advertisements Beginnings Erwin Chargaff was born into a wealthy family on August 11, 1905, in the city of Czernowitz, one of the provincial capitals of Austria-Hungary. The city is now in Ukraine. Erwin’s father was Hermann Chargaff, who owned a small, private bank. His mother was Rosa Silberstein. Both of his parents were well-educated, German-speaking, Austrian Jews. They had two children: Erwin and his younger sister Greta."
},
{
"docid": "D2970115#0",
"title": "http://dnaftb.org/19/bio.html\nConcept 19 The DNA molecule is shaped like a twisted ladder.",
"text": "\"James Watson and Francis Crick solved the structure of DNA. Other scientists, like Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins, also contributed to this discovery. Go to: Francis Crick (1916-2004)Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958)Maurice Wilkins (1916-2004)James Watson (1928-)James Dewey Watson was born in Chicago. As a child, he was bright and inquisitive. One of his favorite words was \"\"why?\"\" and he wasn't satisfied with simple answers. He accumulated a lot of knowledge by reading the World Almanac, and won $100 as a \"\"Quiz Kid\"\" on a popular radio program. He used this money to buy binoculars for bird-watching ? a serious hobby for himself and his father. Watson entered the University of Chicago at 15 under the gifted youngster program."
},
{
"docid": "D471269#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/4221240/the-discovery-of-dna-flash-cards/\nThe Discovery of DNA",
"text": "\"23 terms qv13felixm The Discovery of DNALearn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort What they did and didn't know -Scientists knew that genes are located on chromosomes, therefore the two chemical components of chromosomes (DNA and protein) were the candidates for genetic material -The pathway to the discovery of the genetic role of DNA started long before Watson and Crick's discovery of the structure in 1953Frederick Griffith -1928 - Was studying a bacteria that can cause pneumonia - His Goal: develop vaccine against a virulent (means disease-causing) strain of the bacterium Frederick Griffith Background Experiments - S (smooth-edged) strains of the bacteria= virulent strain - R (rough colonies) strains of the bacteria= harmless - Griffith injected bacterial strains into live mice in his experiments. Some he gave living R, some living S, some heat-killed S, and others heat killed S AND live RFrederick Griffith Experiment Results -Treatment 1 (R strain), mouse lives, conclusion: R strain is benign -Treatment 2 (S strain), mouse dies, conclusion: S strain is virulent -Treatment 3 (Heat-killed S strain), mouse lives, conclusion: killed S strain cells are benign -Treatment 4 (R strain + Heat-killed S strain), mouse dies, conclusion: live R strain cells were transformed to S strain Griffith;s Conclusion -Heredity material from heat-killed S cells transformed R cells (transformation=transfer of genetic material from one cell to another or from one organism to another) - OVERALL CONCLUSION: heredity material can pass from cell to cell Oswald Avery -1944 -His group's goal: figure out whether the transforming agent in Griffith's experiments was DNA, RNA, or protein Oswald Avery Experiments 1: (Protease enzyme was used to destroy PROTEIN in heat-killed S cells). Heat-killed S cells with no protein + live R cells were injected into a mouse = mouse dead 2. ( RNase was used to destroy RNA in heat-killed S cells). Heat-killed S cells with no RNA + live R cells were injected into a mouse = mouse dead 3. ( DNase was used to destroy DNA in heat-killed S cells). Heat killed S cells with no DNA + live R cells were injected into a mouse = mouse alive Oswald Avery's Conclusion -DNA is responsible for transformation in bacteria Martha Chase and Alfred Hershey -1952 -Their Goal: figure out whether DNA or protein was the \"\"hereditary material\"\" viruses transfer when they enter a bacterium -They studied bacteriophages (phages) or viruses that infect bacteria -T2 infects the bacterium Escherichia coli Martha Chase and Alfred Hershey's Procedure 1.) They labeled T2's DNA and protein with radioactive isotopes (sulfur for protein and phosphorus for DNA) and allowed the protein and DNA to separately infect Escherischia coli (E. Coli) bacteria 2.)"
},
{
"docid": "D528800#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080127124418AA0TIb2\nWhat are three parts of a DNA nucleotide?",
"text": "Science & Mathematics Biology What are three parts of a DNA nucleotide?1)Describe the three parts of a DNA nucleotide 2)relate the base-pairing rules to the structure of DNA 3)Describe the two pieces of information from other scientists that enable James Watson and Francis Crick to discover the double -helical structure of DNA. THANKS2 following Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: -the three parts of a DNA nucleotide consist of a 5 carbon sugar, a nitrogeneous base (adenine, cytosine, thymine, or guanine), and a phostphate group. -the base pairing rule is that adenine (A) always corresponds with thymine (T), and that cytosine (C) always corresponds with guanine (G). A to T, G to C. Because these bases pair together, they form two woven strands (a double helix) which is the structure of DNA -James Watson and Francis Crick had been using models to try to figure out the stucture of DNA, but couldn't until they used Franklin's pictures of DNA and Chargaff's base pairing data. Watson and Crick were then able to create a 3-D model of DNA Hope this helps! =)airin · 1 decade ago2 4 1 comment Asker's rating1) Deoxyribose sugar (5 Carbon sugar), Phosphate group (energy filled), Nitrogenous Base (ATGC). 2) Adenine (A) with Thymine (T) and Guanine (G) with Cytosine (C) in DNA... Adenine (A) with Uracil (U) in RNA. A,G = purines U,T,C = pyrimidines 3) - Crystalography creditted to Rosalind Franklin which shows the circular shape from birds eye view. - The perfect helical shape explained by the intermolecular force (hydrogen bonding). Base pairs are flat and paralell to each successive base pairs (ladder steps)."
},
{
"docid": "D2943732#0",
"title": "http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/tech/rosalind-franklin-legacy.html\nRosalind Franklin's Legacy",
"text": "\"share Rosalind Franklin's Legacy Posted 04.22.03 NOVAWhen it comes to her place in the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA, Rosalind Franklin has not received fair treatment. Or so maintains Lynne Osman Elkin, a professor of biological sciences at California State University, Hayward, who spends much of her time these days trying to clarify Franklin's significant role in one of the 20th century's greatest scientific achievements. In March 2003, Elkin published a lengthy article on Franklin in Physics Today, and she's hard at work on a biography. In this interview, hear what Elkin has to say about exactly where Franklin stands in her mind—and where Photo 51's creator ought to stand in the history books. Click on highlighted words or phrases for a glossary. With all she did to make Watson and Crick's discovery possible, Rosalind Franklin was essentially \"\"a de facto collaborator,\"\" says Lynne Osman Elkin. Enlarge Photo credit: © Novartis Foundation Within reach NOVA: How close did Franklin actually come to deciphering the structure of DNA? Elkin: She was very close. She had all the parameters of the helical backbone. She was the one who figured out that there were two forms of DNA, which made solving the whole structure possible."
},
{
"docid": "D1570180#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/54730148/double-helix-flash-cards/\nDouble Helix",
"text": "\"44 terms Farrow219Double Helix Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Who wrote the introduction to The Double Helix? Sylvia Nasar who was the author of A Beautiful Mind Which is the biography of John Nash, a mathematician Author of The Double Helix? James D. Watson Born on April 6, 1928 in Chicago, Illinois Where did Watson go to college? University of Chicago With whom did Watson collaborate with which resulted in the proposal of the structure of DNA? Francis Crick Where did Watson and Crick do their work on the structure of DNA? At \"\"The Cavendish\"\", a dumpy, run-down lab at Cambridge University in England. What year did Watson and Crick have their findings of the structure of DNA published? June of 1953In what scientific journal was their work on DNA published?"
},
{
"docid": "D1368494#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/10014717/dna-structure-flash-cards/\nDNA Structure",
"text": "\"33 terms Biology Dad DNA Structure Flash cards for Honor's Biology on the structure of DNALearn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort What is DNA? DNA is the molecule that contains the bases that form the code to produce the specific proteins that the organism needs to help determine its traits. What does the abbreviation \"\"DNA\"\" mean? Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid. Why is DNA called the Blueprint for life? DNA is called the blueprint for life because it has the instructions for making an organism Where is DNA found? DNA is found in the nucleus of each cell that the organism has What is the difference between where DNA is located in a eukaryote cell vs. a prokaryote cell? Eukaryotes (e.g., animal cells or plan cells) enclose their DNA in the nuclei."
},
{
"docid": "D2255896#0",
"title": "http://www.visionlearning.com/en/library/Biology/2/DNA-II/160\nDNA II: The Structure of DNA",
"text": "\"Bookmark Glossary Terms Look around you. Most objects you are familiar with will eventually fall into ruin if not constantly maintained: a car will eventually rust and fall to pieces; a house will spring leaks in the roof and fall to the ground; even mountain ranges are eroded by wind and rain. Yet, life on Earth continues to flourish. Your children are no weaker or more likely to fall to pieces than you are. This is because living things have a fascinating and somewhat unique ability to reproduce and make \"\"copies\"\" of themselves. To do this, they must first copy their genetic material, their DNA (see our DNA I module for more information). And it is the unique chemical properties of DNA that allow it to generate copies of itself. As we all know, living things do eventually age and deteriorate, much like the old house and rusty car, but by making copies of our DNA and passing it to our offspring, life continues. The building blocks of DNAScientists first began to investigate the unique chemical properties of DNAlong before the structure of the molecule was understood, and even before DNA was discovered to be the genetic material. In the late 1800s, J. Friedrich Miescher, a Swiss chemist working in Germany, was studying white blood cells (leukocytes)."
},
{
"docid": "D91992#0",
"title": "http://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-dna\nWhat is DNA?",
"text": "In: Facts In the Cell What is DNA? DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a long molecule that contains our unique genetic code. Like a recipe book it holds the instructions for making all the proteins in our bodies. Your genome? is made of a chemical called deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA for short. DNA contains four basic building blocks or ‘The order, or sequence, of these bases form the instructions in the genome. DNA is a two-stranded molecule. DNA has a unique ‘double helix’ shape, like a twisted ladder. An illustration to show the double helix structure of DNA. Image credit: Genome Research Limited Each strand is composed of long sequences of the four bases, A, C, G and T. The bases on one strand of the DNA molecule pair together with The bases always pair together in the same way, A with T, C with G. Each base pair is joined together by?."
},
{
"docid": "D2465112#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins\nMaurice Wilkins",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other people named Maurice Wilkins, see Maurice Wilkins (disambiguation). Maurice Wilkins CBE FRSMaurice Wilkins with one of the cameras he developed specially for X-ray diffraction studies at King's College London [1]Born Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins 15 December 1916 Pongaroa, Wairarapa, New Zealand Died 5 October 2004 (aged 87) Blackheath, London Education King Edward's School, Birmingham Alma mater University of Cambridge (MA) University of Birmingham (Ph D)Known for X-ray diffraction, DNAAwards Lasker Award (1960)Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1962)EMBO Membership (1964) [2]Scientific career Fields Physics Molecular biology Institutions King's College London University of Birmingham University of California, Berkeley University of St Andrews Thesis Phosphorescence decay laws and electronic processes in solids (1940)Doctoral advisor John Randall Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins CBE FRS (15 December 1916 – 5 October 2004) [3] was a New Zealand-born British physicist and molecular biologist, and Nobel laureate whose research contributed to the scientific understanding of phosphorescence, isotope separation, optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction, and to the development of radar. He is best known for his work at King's College London on the structure of DNA. Wilkins' work on DNA falls into two distinct phases. The first was in 1948–50, when his initial studies produced the first clear X-ray images of DNA, which he presented at a conference in Naples in 1951 attended by James Watson. During the second phase, 1951–52, Wilkins produced clear \"\"B form\"\" \"\"X\"\" shaped images from squid sperm, images he sent to James Watson and Francis Crick, causing Watson to write \"\"Wilkins... has obtained extremely excellent X-ray diffraction photographs\"\" [of DNA]. [4] [5]In 1953 Wilkins' colleague Rosalind Franklin instructed Raymond Gosling to hand over to Wilkins a high quality image of \"\"B\"\" form DNA ( Photo 51 ), which she had made in 1952 [6] but had “put it aside” [7] as she was leaving King's College London. Wilkins imprudently [ further explanation needed] showed it to Watson. [ 8] This image, along with the knowledge that Linus Pauling had proposed an incorrect structure of DNA, “mobilised” [9] Watson and Crick to restart model building. With additional information from research reports of Wilkins and Franklin, obtained via Max Perutz, Watson and Crick correctly described the double-helix structure of DNA in 1953. Wilkins continued to test, verify, and make significant corrections to the Watson-Crick DNA model and to study the structure of RNA. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1570181#0",
"title": "http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/28/health/james-watson-dna/index.html\nWatson: 'DNA was my only gold rush'",
"text": "\"Life's work: James Watson STORY HIGHLIGHTSJames Watson, 85, and Francis Crick figured out DNA has a double helix structure Watson and Crick shared a 1962 Nobel Prize for the discovery Watson was also the first director of the Human Genome Project Cold Spring Harbor, New York (CNN) -- At 85, James Watson still plays tennis every week. His hips and knees haven't given out yet, he says, and he likes grass courts. \"\" I try and play people who can hit the ball hard,\"\" he said Tuesday at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, a Long Island, New York, research institution he directed for 25 years. Watson has always gone up against tough competition, especially in science. Most famously, in 1953, he and Francis Crick figured out that DNA, the molecule of life, has a double helix structure, beating their rival Linus Pauling to the answer. Solving the DNA structure set the stage for the foundation of much of modern biology, as scientists use insights about DNA to develop disease treatments, trace the inheritance of physical traits and explore how conditions can be passed down from generation to generation. Having shared the Nobel Prize for the discovery with Crick and Maurice Wilkins in 1962, who are now both deceased, Watson is aware that he perhaps has no competitor in the title of most famous living scientist. \"\" That's really saying, there's not been another DNA,\"\" he said, clad in khaki Bermuda shorts, beige socks and brown loafers. \"\" All you can say is that you were very lucky. You were born at the right time and your parents gave you books when you were young. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D720491#0",
"title": "https://sciencecomm.wikispaces.com/UNIT+2_Did+Rosalind+Franklin+deserve+the+Noble+Prize%3F\nUNIT 2_Did Rosalind Franklin deserve the Noble Prize?",
"text": "\"UNIT 2_Did Rosalind Franklin deserve the Noble Prize? Edit 0 21 …0Tags No tags Notify RSSBacklinks Source Print Export (PDF)Rosalind Franklin [The discovery of deoxyribonucleic acid, more commonly known as DNA of the double-helix structure has an equally twisted story behind its innovation. This fundamental discovery was credited to James Watson and Francis Crick. Very few people outside of the scientific community know of Rosalind Franklin, who was an English scientists, biophysicist, accomplished X-ray crystallographer, chemist, and a molecular biologist. Fewer still are aware that it was because of Rosalind Franklin's clear X-ray photographs clarified the structure of DNA. Four years after Franklin’s death, James Watson, Francis Crick, and Wilkins received the Nobel Prize for discovering the helical structure of the DNA molecule without any recognition for Franklin. Hence, the historical credit for the great discovery of the structure of DNA was awarded without any proper acknowledgment to Franklin's contribution to share the enormous public recognition. Franklin looking into a microscope Working alone in May of 1952, Franklin photographed the DNA. Her clear X-ray photograph showed an “X” presenting the structure of the DNA molecule as a twisted ladder- a helix. Forty-six years after James Watson viewed Franklin's startling photograph, he still recalled it vividly: \"\"I was shown Rosalind Franklin's X-ray photograph, and whoa!"
},
{
"docid": "D1758371#0",
"title": "http://www.nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/dna_double_helix/readmore.html\nThe Discovery of the Molecular Structure of DNA - The Double Helix",
"text": "\"The Discovery of the Molecular Structure of DNA - The Double Helix A Scientific Breakthrough The sentence \"\"This structure has novel features which are of considerable biological interest\"\" may be one of science's most famous understatements. It appeared in April 1953 in the scientific paper where James Watson and Francis Crick presented the structure of the DNA-helix, the molecule that carries genetic information from one generation to the other. Nine years later, in 1962, they shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Maurice Wilkins, for solving one of the most important of all biological riddles. Half a century later, important new implications of this contribution to science are still coming to light. What is DNA? The work of many scientists paved the way for the exploration of DNA. Way back in 1868, almost a century before the Nobel Prize was awarded to Watson, Crick and Wilkins, a young Swiss physician named Friedrich Miescher, isolated something no one had ever seen before from the nuclei of cells. He called the compound \"\"nuclein.\"\" This is today called nucleic acid, the \"\"NA\"\" in DNA (deoxyribo-nucleic-acid) and RNA (ribo-nucleic-acid). Francis Crick and James Watson, 1953."
},
{
"docid": "D1785107#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_is_credited_with_the_discovery_of_DNA\nWhere did they discovery DNA?",
"text": "Where did they discovery DNA? In a lab in Paris. Also whelks, Norway, England, and France. What experiments lead to the discovery of DNA? Friedrich Miescher performed experiments in the lab at the University of Tubingen in 1868. He experimented with the chemicalcomposition of leukocytes, and these experiments led …Why was the discovery of the DNA structure important?because it was the discovery of life Tannerox 133 Contributions What led up to the discovery of DNA?the atomany of a human How has the discovery of DNA benefited mankind? Th discovery of DNA has benefited mankind by allowing us to know who committed a murder, a rape, or any other crime. It has also helped with knowing who a person is if the fac …How are the discoveries of DNA important to genetics? Genetics is the science of DNA, heredity, etc. The discovery of DNA marked the starting point of modern genetics."
},
{
"docid": "D1764616#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080320162209AAjtpFF\nWhat two scientists established the structure of DNA?",
"text": "\"Science & Mathematics Biology What two scientists established the structure of DNA? Follow 24 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: James Watson and Francis Crick named the \"\"double helix\"\". The person people never mention is actually the most important. Rosalind Franklin actually took the very first picture of the double helix. She took X-Ray diffraction pictures of DNA while the men were not in the lab. X-ray diffraction is when X-rays are shot at an unknown object and the X-rays that travel past the object are the ones that show up on the other side. These X-rays are combined to form an image of the unknown object. The best photo Franklin took is now know as photo 51. My backhand is your forehand · 1 decade ago0 2 Comment The two scientists that established the structure of DNA were -James Watson -Francis Crick This occured in 1953. Another scientist, Dr. Rosalind Franklin did an X-ray and showed the shape in 1952."
},
{
"docid": "D2464271#0",
"title": "http://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/30/us/francis-crick-co-discoverer-of-dna-dies-at-88.html\nFrancis Crick, Co-Discoverer of DNA, Dies at 88",
"text": "U. S. Francis Crick, Co-Discoverer of DNA, Dies at 88By NICHOLAS WADE JULY 30, 2004Correction Appended Francis H. C. Crick, co-discoverer of the structure of DNA, the genetic blueprint for life, and the leading molecular biologist of his age, died on Wednesday night in a hospital in San Diego. He was 88. He died after a long battle with colon cancer, said Andrew Porterfield, a spokesman for the Salk Institute, where he worked. Dr. Crick laid the foundations of molecular biology in a sustained burst of creativity that began in 1953 with the discovery of the structure of DNA, the hereditary material, in Cambridge, England, and ended about 13 years later with the subject's primary problems solved, most of them either by Dr. Crick or by scientists in his circle. The discovery of the structure of DNA resolved longstanding questions about the nature of the hereditary material and the manner in which it is copied as one generation succeeds another. The proposal for the structure, almost immediately accepted, was electrifying to scientists not only because of its inherent elegance but also because it showed how biology, evolution and the nature of life itself could ultimately be explained in terms of physics and chemistry. Indeed, the desire to replace religious with rational explanations of life was a principal motivation of Dr. Crick's career. So central is DNA to biology that the names of Francis H. C. Crick and James D. Watson, his American colleague in the discovery, may be remembered as long as those of Darwin and Mendel, the architects of the two pillars of modern biology, the theory of evolution and the laws of genetics. Some consequences of understanding the structure of DNA are already familiar, from linking suspects to crime scene evidence to manipulating it to make genetically engineered crops. But these are just foretastes of a gene-based medical revolution that is expected to unfold in the years ahead now that the human genome -- about three billion units of DNA, encoding all the biological information needed to generate and maintain a living person -- has been deciphered."
},
{
"docid": "D1608237#0",
"title": "http://www.brighthub.com/science/genetics/articles/41927.aspx\n.",
"text": "Learn More About the Scientists Who Discovered DNA and its Structurewritten by: Paul Arnold •edited by: Paul Arnold •updated: 9/11/2009It was Watson and Crick's landmark paper that detailed the double helical structure of DNA, but there is also a long list of inspirational scientists who played key roles in one of the biggest discoveries of the twentieth century. Structure Discovery Frederick Miesche r - is the man who discovered DNA. The Swiss physician isolated a high phosphorous-containing substance from white blood cell nuclei in 1869. It was DNA, which he called 'nuclein' because it had come from the nucleus. He did not know its true nature. Phoebus Levene - the Russian-American biochemist discovered the order of components of nucleic acids; phosphate-sugar-base. He coined the term 'nucleotide.' He also discovered the ribose sugar in RNA, the deoxyribose sugar in DNA, as well as identifying the way the nucleic acids - RNA and DNA - are put together. Oswald Avery - in 1944 he discovered that DNA transmitted hereditary information. This was a revolutionary concept, because the scientific consensus at the time was that DNA was too simple for this task, and that proteins were more likely to be the candidates."
}
] |
8609 | \what is the difference between muscular endurance and muscular strength? | [
{
"docid": "D1365180#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-differences-between-muscular-strength-and-muscular-endurance\nWhat are the differences between muscular strength and muscular endurance?",
"text": "Endurance Strength Training Exercises by Body Part Strengths Muscle Strength and Fitness Muscles Bodybuilding Strength Training and Weightlifting Comparisons Fitness What are the differences between muscular strength and muscular endurance? Update Cancelad by Nikah Plan your wedding. Get married in style, plan your wedding. Learn More at planyourwedding.tk You dismissed this ad. The feedback you provide will help us show you more relevant content in the future. Undo Answer Wiki4 Answers Hoang Nguyen, I have turned my skinny fat body into a fitness one, added 15kg muscles Answered Jun 26, 2016 The marathoner have trained for muscle endurance The sprinter have trained for muscle strength. that's is what you can see when look at their appearance. Strength muscle (big muscle) will show how strong you are but it's get tired very fast. When you training for this you must limit repetition from 8-12reps. Endurance muscle ( small muscle) will help you last longer."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D348213#0",
"title": "http://www.decathlon2000.com/1159/\nDevelopment and Training for the Decathlon ( 2)",
"text": "\"Decathlon 2000 › Articles › Training Page › Development and Training for the Decathlon3 votes Development and Training for the Decathlon ( 2)Sheldon Blockburger Sep 26, 20141. Overview The multi event athlete must possess or attain the following characteristics in order to be successful: MUSCULAR STRENGTH (Power) -Work per unit time (anaerobic strength) EXAMPLES: Weight training (4x5 reps), Multi throws, Medicine Ball, Multi Jumps (Plyos)MUSCULAR ENDURANCE -The ability to sustain muscular contraction over a period of time (sustained aerobic work) EXAMPLES: Weight training (3x12 reps), Circuit training, repeat stairs, repeat hills, 10x200m CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE -Efficient utilization of oxygen over a sustained period of time. EXAMPLES: 3 mile runs, 4x800 meters, 8x400 meters FLEXIBILITY -Enables the body's lever system to apply force over an increased range of motion. Athletic performance will be enhanced, plus the incidence of injury will be reduced. EXAMPLES: Proprioceptive Neurological Facilitation (PNF), Dynamic stretches, Sprint drills NEUROMUSCULAR (Technique) -The coordination of specific movements into a motor pattern to enhance the body's ability to efficiently apply force. This aspect is the most important to an athlete because without technique there is no performance. This part of the athlete takes the longest to train and should have the first priority of the beginning decathlete. PSYCHOLOGICAL -An on-going positive mental outlook, which includes discipline, determination, aggressiveness, desire, perseverance, and positive self-image. You can have all of the above listed qualities (1-5) but if you are not mentally committed you will have a short career. I have come across many better natural athletes than me over the years but I have beaten the majority (99%) of them because they have lacked the desire to be great.2."
},
{
"docid": "D2044358#0",
"title": "http://www.livestrong.com/article/341360-cardiovascular-muscular-endurance/\nCardiovascular & Muscular Endurance",
"text": "Cardiovascular & Muscular Enduranceby SHANNON GEORGE Sept. 11, 2017Cardiovascular endurance and muscular endurance are two of the basic components of physical fitness, which also include flexibility, muscular strength and body composition. Improving your cardiovascular and muscular endurance provides numerous health benefits, including better heart health, protection from injury, weight control and more. Practicing endurance activities can also help you get in shape to play your favorite sport. Video of the Day Error setting up player: Invalid license key Endurance Defined Cardiovascular endurance, also called cardiorespiratory endurance or aerobic fitness, is the ability of the heart and lungs to deliver oxygen to the body's tissues during sustained physical activity. If you have good cardiovascular endurance, you will be able to do an aerobic activity that elevates the heart rate, such as jogging or swimming, for at least 20 minutes at a time without stopping. Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle, or group of muscles, to perform continuously without fatigue. For example, as you build muscular endurance in your arm and chest muscles, you will be able to perform an increasing number of pushups without tiring. Benefits of Endurance Having cardiovascular endurance is integral for heart health. Aerobic activities that build cardiovascular endurance help control several heart disease risk factors, including high cholesterol, high blood pressure and obesity. Activities that build muscular endurance, such as calisthenics, weight training and certain cardio activities, help control weight by improving your muscle-to-fat ratio, which improves your body composition and your body's ability to burn calories."
},
{
"docid": "D690744#0",
"title": "https://www.trxtraining.com/train/different-types-of-workouts-to-consider\n",
"text": "Body Transformation Series, Part 4 of 7“What is the best method for you to train for cardio, strength, endurance or flexibility? The answer depends on what you want to accomplish – the goals of your training. There are several options you can choose from and TRX Suspension Training is an effective, powerful and portable tool which can be part of all of the following techniques. ”Years ago, when prescribing exercise, we used a number of unproven training systems based on the ideas and experiences of well-intentioned physicians, coaches and educators. But exercise science and prescription today is based on the results of thousands of peer-reviewed research studies and best practices of experts in the field. The correct dose is based on the type of exercise being performed, the time, intensity and frequency of training, as well as, your individual needs. There are many ways to improve fitness. You can apply a variety of techniques using a systematic approach gradually, or you can rush the process, pushing too far too fast, risking soreness, overtraining and even injury. Improving fitness involves increasing the range of motion and pace of movements, strengthening the muscles of the body both inside and out, decreasing fat and learning to move in a more fluid, uninhibited way. You earn your fitness, minute-by-minute, day-by-day as you engage in appropriate training exercises."
},
{
"docid": "D2143072#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_Muscular_endurance\nWhat is Muscular endurance?",
"text": "Flag What is Muscular endurance? Answer by Skyking1124 Confidence votes 9Muscular endurance is very important for people playing sports and who have to sustain an activity for long periods of time. Muscular endurance is determined by how well your slow twitch muscle fibers are developed. In case your wondering what slow twitch muscle fibers are, I will explain. There are generally two types of muscle fibers in your body, slow twitch and fast twitch. Slow twitch muscle fibers cannot exert as much force as fast twitch, but can sustain an effort over a much greater period of time. Fast twitch muscle fibers can exert a great amount of force but for a very limited amount of time. Therefore, slow twitch equals endurance, while fast twitch equals strength. If you are looking to improve muscular endurance, the best way would be to involve yourself in just about any cardivascular activity, such as running, biking, and playing sports. Even walking will help you stay healthy and condition your leg muscles, to a point."
},
{
"docid": "D2359634#0",
"title": "http://www.sport-fitness-advisor.com/muscular-endurance.html\nMuscular Endurance Training",
"text": "Strength Training Muscular Endurance Training Add Comment by J Anderson 69,623 Views The combination of strength and endurance results in muscular endurance – the ability to perform many repetitions against a given resistance for a prolonged period of time (1). It is a crucial element of fitness for athletes such as distance runners, swimmers, cyclists and rowers. It’s also important for success in many team sports like soccer, field hockey and Australian rules football. Traditionally, muscular endurance programs have used moderate loads lifted for 12-25 repetitions. However, this is completely inadequate for many sports such as boxing, canoeing, distance running, cycling, swimming, rowing, x-country skiing, triathlon and many others. Any form of training must mirror the specific demands of the sport. In resistance training, this means that the load used should match the resistance that must be overcome while competing. The number of repetitions or the duration of exercise bouts in a session should approach that during the event. Recall that muscular endurance training makes up only one part of the annual strength program – even for endurance athletes. It should follow a phase of maximal strength training."
},
{
"docid": "D2368006#0",
"title": "https://550cord.com/army-physical-fitness-training-fm-21-20/Ch10.asp\n.",
"text": "\"CHAPTER 10Developing the Program The goal of the Army's physical fitness program is to improve each soldier's physical ability so he can survive and win on the battlefield. Physical fitness includes all aspects of physical performance, not just performance on the APFT. Leaders must understand the principles of exercise, the FITT factors, and know how to apply them in order to develop a sound PT program that will improve all the fitness components. To plan PT successfully, the commander and MFT must know the training management system. ( See FM 25-100 . ) Commanders should not be satisfied with merely meeting the minimum requirements for physical training which is having all of their soldiers pass the APFT. They must develop programs that train soldiers to maximize their physical performance. Leaders should use incentives. More importantly, they must set the example through their own participation. Commanders must develop programs that train soldiers to maximize their physical performance."
},
{
"docid": "D2813008#0",
"title": "http://www.evansworkout.com/workout-intensity-how-many-reps-should-you-do/\nWorkout Intensity â How Many Reps Should You Do?",
"text": "Workout Intensity – How Many Reps Should You Do? What is Workout Intensity?“Workout Intensity” refers to the amount of physical effort you put into your workout. Four Components of Workout Intensity There are many different definitions of Workout Intensity, but it can be broken down into four main factors:1. Number of Reps per Set 2. Load (How much weight to lift) 3. Failure 4. Rest Intervals1. Number of Reps per Set One of the most common questions in weightlifting is: how many “reps” (repetitions) of an exercise should I do? A “Rep” is defined as the action of moving a weight from point A to point B once. A “Set” is the consecutive execution of a number of reps."
},
{
"docid": "D572616#0",
"title": "http://www.humankinetics.com/excerpts/excerpts/Muscular-strength-and-muscular-endurance-for-elementary-students---The-Physical-Best-Program-NASPE\nMuscular strength and muscular endurance for elementary students",
"text": "Muscular strength and muscular endurance for elementary students This is an excerpt from Physical Best Activity Guide, Third Edition: Elementary Level by the National Association for Sport and PE (NASPE). Muscular strength and endurance—Muscular strength is the strongest force possible that a group of muscles can produce to perform a task. Muscular endurance is the ability to move your body or an object repeatedly without getting tired. For most activities, you use both muscular strength and endurance. Purpose Students will identify and perform activities that emphasize two of the health-related fitness components: muscular strength and muscular endurance. Relationship to National Standards Physical education standard 2: Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies, and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities. Physical education standard 4: Achieves and maintains a health-enhancing level of physical fitness. Equipment Upbeat music and player Mats to use for floor work Procedure1. Ask students how important muscles are and have them point to a muscle and state how that muscle helps them. The answer is that a muscle helps do all kinds of movements and that strong muscles help us do things better and easier.2."
},
{
"docid": "D775900#0",
"title": "http://general.utpb.edu/FAC/eldridge_j/KINE3350/chapter_20_review.htm\n.",
"text": "\"CHAPTER 20 - MUSCULAR CONTRACTION AND HUMAN MOVEMENTSYNOPSISThis chapter begins with the definition and classification of muscle contraction at the whole muscle level (dynamic, isokinematic, static) and at the muscle fiber level (isotonic, isokinetic, isometric). The first section also presents neural and mechanical (length-tension-angle relationships, force-velocity relationships, elasticity-force relationships, and architectural design) factors that influence force development. The second portion of the chapter deals with muscular fatigue, including the most likely causes of fatigue to various categories of activity, and muscle soreness. Methods of assessing muscular strength are presented in the third section of the chapter. The influence of age and sex on muscular function is detailed in the fourth portion of the chapter. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the role of genetics in determining an individual ’s strength or response to a strength training program. Exercise - The Result of Contraction Tension vs Load Classification of Muscle Contractions Isotonic Contraction - A muscle fiber contraction in which the tension generated by the muscle fiber is constant through the range of motion Dynamic Contraction - A muscle contraction in which the force exerted varies as the muscle shortens to accommodate change in muscle length and/or joint angle throughout the range of motion while moving a constant external load Isokinetic Contraction - A muscle fiber contraction in which the velocity of the contraction is kept constant Isokinematic Contraction - A muscle contraction in which the rate of limb displacement or joint rotation is held constant with the use of specialized equipment Isometric Contraction - A muscle fiber contraction that does not result in a length change in muscle fiber Static Contraction - A muscle contraction that produces an increase in muscle tension but does not cause meaningful limb displacement or joint displacement and therefore does not result in movement of the skeleton Force Development and Gradation of Response Neural activation Rate-coding Number coding (recruitment)Mechanical Factorsa. Length-tension-angle relationshipsb. Force-velocity and power-velocity relationshipsc. Elasticity-force relationshipsd."
},
{
"docid": "D276867#0",
"title": "http://www.aworkoutroutine.com/how-long-to-rest-between-sets-exercises/\nHow Long To Rest Between Sets And Exercises: Workout Rest Times",
"text": "How Long To Rest Between Sets And Exercises: Workout Rest Times Last Updated on January 20, 2018After you’ve selected the exercises you will perform in each of your workouts and put them in their ideal order, the next important step is to answer the following questions: How long should you rest between sets of an exercise? How long should you rest between different exercises? Simply put, if your rest periods are too long or too short, you’ll end up sacrificing the results you want to some degree. The goal is to find that sweet spot right in between resting too much or too little. When you find that, you’ll have found your optimal rest time. As it turns out, there’s primarily 3 major factors that influence what your ideal rest times should be: What intensity/rep range you are using for a given exercise. How demanding that exercise is on your body as a whole. Your primary goal (building muscle, increasing strength, losing fat, etc.). Based on these three factors, it’s pretty common to see rest time recommendations of anywhere from 0 seconds to 5 minutes between sets and exercises. Yeah, that’s a pretty broad range."
},
{
"docid": "D3477565#0",
"title": "https://www.ahealthyphilosophy.com/article/muscular-endurance\nMuscular Endurance",
"text": "Muscular Endurance Published: December 19, 2014Nordic walking is a muscular endurance activity Muscular endurance is a key component of physical fitness which is determined by a person's level of cardiovascular endurance, muscular endurance, muscular strength,flexibility, and body compositio n. Muscular endurance is associated with improved quality of life, and with many health benefits, especially those associated with stronger muscles, bones, tendons, and ligaments. Muscular endurance refers to the ability of skeletal muscle to repeatedly (dynamically) or statically contract, or exert a submaximal force, over an extended period of time. Endurance physical activities are activities which can be sustained for a long period of time, and since muscular endurance is closely related to cardiovascular endurance many cardiovascular endurance activities can double as muscle endurance activities. Improved muscular endurance as well as benefitting athletes in their chosen sport can benefit non athletes by making work and every day activities easier, decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease, improve body composition by increasing lean body tissue, and decrease the risk of physical injury. Muscular endurance strengthens muscles Muscular endurance is closely associated with muscular strength and performance of muscular endurance activities will improve muscular strength although muscle strength gains may not be as great as that which can be obtained by performing muscular strength activities. Muscular endurance differs from muscular strength in that muscular endurance activities preferentially develop slow twitch muscle fibres, rather than fast twitch muscle fibres, and is more dependent on aerobic metabolism. Training protocols for muscular endurance and muscular strength also differ with respect to repetition, load and duration. Resistance training Muscular endurance strengthens bones, tendons, and ligaments Activities which increase muscular endurance also increase the strength of tendons, ligaments and bones. Tendons, which attach muscles to bones, and ligaments which attach bone to bone, are involved in muscle movements and will respond to muscular endurance activities by becoming stronger. Muscular endurance activities, especially if they are weight bearing, also increase bone strength and bone density and may reduce the risk of osteoporosis...link to the full article to learn more."
},
{
"docid": "D3248272#0",
"title": "http://athleteculture.com/training/physical-fitness-types-muscular-endurance/\nPhysical Fitness Types: Muscular Endurance",
"text": "Training Published on April 21st, 2013 | by Joe Starks0Home » Training »Physical Fitness Types: Muscular Endurance When training for any sport you wish to have some level of muscular endurance. Endurance offers you more energy and stamina when it comes to taxing exercises. Becoming more durable when it comes to exercising is one of the ways to get fitter in general. Building endurance is the first step a totally unfit person must take towards a fitter future. So what exactly is endurance? How do you train it? Do we all need it? What is endurance? Endurance is the ability to last longer while doing a specific workout. There are three main types of endurance training: Aerobic endurance Speed endurance Strength endurance During aerobic endurance you wish to improve your body’s energy supplying system."
},
{
"docid": "D3320955#0",
"title": "https://bretcontreras.com/training-for-maximum-muscle-growth-explained/\nTraining for Maximum Muscle Growth Explained",
"text": "\"We all want bigger muscles, and in order to build bigger muscles, we need to get stronger – much stronger. Gaining strength through progressive overload ensures that we continue to place more tension on the muscles over time, forcing them to adapt by growing larger. Heavier weights equals greater tension which equals bigger muscles. Got it? Great!However, heavier weights alone will not build the biggest muscles. Powerlifters lift heavier weight than bodybuilders, thereby placing greater tension on their musculature compared to bodybuilders. Yet despite this greater tension, bodybuilders are still bigger. If tension were the be-all-end-all, powerlifters would out-muscle bodybuilders. We can’t say it’s just the drugs. Think about it – both types of lifters take anabolic steroids, natural bodybuilders are still bigger than natural powerlifters, and when powerlifters want to build more muscle, they borrow methodology from bodybuilders by employing higher-rep assistance lifts with shorter rest times in between sets."
},
{
"docid": "D2845232#0",
"title": "https://www.scribd.com/doc/162882476/PEBC-Test-1-CONCEPTS-OF-FITNESS-W-ANSWERS\n1.25 / 1.25 points Question 1 Prevention of low back pain is a benefit of increased flexibility. True Fals e Question 2 1.25 / 1.",
"text": "1.25 / 1.25 points Question 1 Prevention of low back pain is a benefit of increased flexibility. True Fals e Question 2 1.25 / 1.25 points To improve flexibility, it is necessary to perform stretching exercises every day. True Fals e Question 3 1.25 / 1.25 points A warmed up muscle will be more flexible and have greater range of motion. True Fals e Question 4 1.25 / 1.25 points Which of the following is NOT considered a health benefit of exercise? reduced risk of heart disease reduced risk of kidney disease reduced risk of diabetes reduced risk of bone loss with age 1.25 / 1.25 points Question 5 Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the major components of health related physical fitness? cardiorespiratory fitness muscular endurance body composition motor skills Question 6 Total wellness can be achieved by balancing cardiorespiratory fitness and flexibility physical, emotional, intellectual, social, and spiritual health physical, social, and mental health psychological and physical health 1.25 / 1.25 points Question 7 If you smoke, are not aware of its health risks, and have no desire to stop, in what stage of change are you? precontemplatio n contemplation preparation maintenance 1.25 / 1.25 points Question 8 Completing a written contract to modify an unhealthy behavior serves to 1.25 / 1.25 points25 points Question 10 Which of the following is NOT considered a goal of Healthy People 2010? to improve health of all Americans to improve the quality of life to create disparities in health across populations to improve length of life in years Question 11 A commonly used strategy to assist with behavior modification is self monitoring to identify behavior change barriers self reinforcement by rewarding yourself for reaching your goals setting short term and long term goals all of the above Question 12 Diabetes is a disease characterized by low blood sugar levels high blood glucose levels hypoglycemia none of the above 1.25 / 1.25 points 1.25 / 1.25 / 1. which results in muscular damage 1.25 points Question 13 An ad promoting a weight loss product that seems too good to be true indicates it is a product worth buying. True Fals e Question 14 1.25 / 1.25 / 1.provide a start date to take action outline steps you will take to measure success list potential rewards for obtaining your goal all of the above Question 9 Wellness can be defined as Feeling good state of high physical fitness state of optimal health state of good emotional health 1.25 points .25 points In regard to physical fitness.25 / 1."
},
{
"docid": "D2466723#0",
"title": "http://www.chiro.org/ACAPress/Rehabilitation_Methodology.html\n.",
"text": "INTRODUCTIONStrengthening exercises for the muscular system play an essential role in the chiropractic management of various neuromusculoskeletal disorders. Knowledge of various training methods and exercise techniques are thus among the most important requirements for effective treatment. [ 1] Properly conducted individual exercise programs help prevent many injuries and serve to shorten the recovery period necessary to restore the patient back to health. [ 2] Exercise programs can be designed to increase strength, aid weight loss, increase cardiorespiratory efficiency, or simply improve overall musculoskeletal performance. All exercise programs should have specific goals in mind. The cornerstone of exercise is Davis’ Law, or the (SAID) principle that states that the body makes specific adaptation to imposed demands. [ 3] The more specific the exercise, the more specific the adaptation. Exercise, therefore, should be as specific as possible to the individual’s goals and needs. The patient who participates in a well-devised, scientifically based, properly instructed exercise program should benefit in at least four areas: [ 41. Enhanced musculoskeletal performance 2."
},
{
"docid": "D285928#0",
"title": "http://exercise.lovetoknow.com/How_Long_Does_it_Take_to_Get_in_Shape\nHow Long Does it Take to Get in Shape?",
"text": "\"How Long Does it Take to Get in Shape? By Nadia Santiago Certified Personal Trainer & Group Fitness Instructor Source When you hear the words \"\"get in shape,\"\" do pictures of chiseled abs and bulging biceps pop in your head, or do you have something else in mind? According to Healthline, it may take more than six weeks to see results in the mirror after starting a health and fitness routine. However, you will start experiencing the benefits of getting in shape in as little as 14 days. As long as you stick with it, physical fitness will follow. What Does \"\"Getting in Shape\"\" Look Like? There are many benefits of getting in shape and many ways to get there. To find the way that's right for you, it's helpful to know the five components of physical fitness. Body Composition Body composition is measured by calculating the amount of fat in your body as it relates to your muscle mass. A healthy body composition is essential to overall health and can help you to avoid heart disease and diabetes."
},
{
"docid": "D2673409#0",
"title": "http://www.livestrong.com/article/236728-is-lifting-weights-good-for-kids/\nIs Lifting Weights Good for Kids?",
"text": "Is Lifting Weights Good for Kids?by SARAH COLLINS June 13, 2017Teaching a child to safely and properly lift weights can start him off on the path to healthy habits. Lifting weights, or strength training, involves frequent repetitions with moderate amounts of weight, as well as resistance and isometric exercises. Improving your child's muscular strength and endurance can help both physical and emotional well-being. Video of the Day Error setting up player: Invalid license key Benefits of Weight Lifting for Children If your child is involved in sports, strength training can help her increase endurance, protect her muscles and joints from injury, and improve her performance. Even if your child is not involved in sports, weightlifting can help per have strong bones, healthy blood pressure and cholesterol levels, higher metabolism and improved self-esteem. The Difference Between Bodybuilding and Strength Training Strength training is healthy for a child. Bodybuilding and powerlifting, which focus on competition, can be dangerous. The intensity of bodybuilding and powerlifting can strain a child’s muscles, tendons and growth plates, where cartilage has not converted to bone. These activities are even more dangerous when the child does not use proper technique in an attempt to lift heavier weights. If your child begins a strength training routine, explain the difference between his new activity and bodybuilding."
},
{
"docid": "D1146093#0",
"title": "https://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/beta_alanine.htm\nBeta-Alanine: Science Meets Real World Results!",
"text": "\"Nutrition Supplementation Beta-Alanine: Science Meets Real World Results!Sebastian Balcombe, Ash Batheja & Anssi Manninen November 04, 2015 • 13 min read Beta-alanine efficacy is backed by major university and peer-reviewed studies. In reading this article, you will understand how beta-alanine works. You will also learn how to maximize its use and how it can help you safely. Vital Stats Name: Sebastian Balcombe Occupation: Founder and CEO of Athletic Edge Education: BS in exercise physiology from Florida Atlantic University Website: Athletic Edge Nutrition With literally hundreds of different supplements available and so many that are based on bogus claims and ridiculous hype, it's a challenge to find even one that delivers results. If you've rummaged through the garbage of the supplement scrap heap, you know how difficult it is to find solid science or real-world proof. Beta-alanine is an exception. This supplement actually lives up to its claim: beta-alanine efficacy is backed by major university, peer-reviewed studies performed on humans, not the typical cell or rat studies upon which many supplement manufacturers generally base claims. The science behind beta-alanine makes sense and it works. In reading this article, you will understand how beta-alanine works. You will also learn how to maximize its use and how it can help you safely work out much harder and longer."
},
{
"docid": "D926285#0",
"title": "http://www.brianmac.co.uk/weight.htm\nWeight Training",
"text": "Weight Training Better performances can be the product of a number of factors. This product is primarily the outcome of efficient technique, the progression of speed and the maturing competitive attitude on a sound basis of general endurance, all round strength and general mobility. The development of all round strength is best achieved via circuit training and then progressing this through weight training. How do we get stronger? A muscle will only strengthen when forced to operate beyond its customary intensity (overload). Overload can be progressed by increasing the:resistance e.g. adding 10kg to the barbellnumber of repetitions with a particular weightnumber of sets of the exercise Muscle Fibre Hypertrophy Resistance training will increase the muscle size (hypertrophy). Muscle growth depends on the muscle fibre type activated and the pattern of recruitment. Muscle growth is due to one or more of the following adaptations: Increased contractile proteins (actin & myosin)Increased number of and size of myofibrils per muscle fibre Increased amounts of connective, tendinous & ligamentous tissues Increased enzymes and stored nutrients Muscle Movement Muscle contraction is initiated by an electrical charge from the central nervous system. The exercise that causes the greatest amount of electrical activity within the muscle group will potential produce the greatest gains in mass and strength. Lorenzo Cornacchia (Bompa et al."
},
{
"docid": "D33788#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/29716259/muscular-strength-and-endurance-flash-cards/\nMuscular Strength and Endurance",
"text": "\"41 terms xchui89Muscular Strength and Endurance Physiological Kinesiology 350 EWULearn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Muscular Strength The amount of force a muscle can produce in a single, maximum effort. Muscular Endurance The ability of a muscle to remain contracted or contract repeatedly for a long period of time. The Benefits Increased lean body mass (LBM) Elevated resting metabolism Improved body composition Increased bone density Elevated HDL cholesterol levels Increased ease of daily tasks Improved athletic performance Fitness vs. Exercise Remember that just because you are fit, doesn't mean you will be the benefactor of the aforementioned. MSE exercise, resistance training, is the key to improving your overall health and realizing many of the benefits. Hypertrophy & Power Resistance training can develop other aspects besides muscular strength and endurance. Muscular hypertrophy: training the muscles to become as large as possible. Muscular power: training the muscle to produce as much force as possible in a short period of time. Muscular hypertrophy training the muscles to become as large as possible. Muscular power training the muscle to produce as much force as possible in a short period of time. Hypertrophy & Power Most of the health and fitness benefits of resistance training can be derived from training for muscular strength and endurance, hence the focus on these two areas, instead of hypertrophy and power."
}
] |
8610 | \what is the function of cabinet members in the federal bureaucracy? | [
{
"docid": "D1129594#0",
"title": "https://brainly.com/question/1423401\nWhat is the function of cabinet members in the federal bureaucracy? A) They oversee large executive departments and report to Congress. B) They oversee large independent agencies and report to the president. C) They oversee large federal departments and report to the president. D) They oversee large executive departments and report to the president.",
"text": "High School Social studies 5 points What is the function of cabinet members in the federal bureaucracy? A) They oversee large executive departments and report to Congress. B) They oversee large independent agencies and report to the president. C) They oversee large federal departments and report to the president. D) They oversee large executive departments and report to the president. Ask for details Follow Reportby Tylerkauffman99 06/14/2016Verified answer What is a Verified Answer? Log in to view the full answer. Unlock Verified Answers and get help from subject experts. Unlock verified answer Answersmetchelle Ambitious The answer is letter C. The function of the cabinet members in the federal bureaucracy is they oversee large federal departments and report to the president. There are about 15 cabinet departments and these are: Department of State, Treasury Department, Departments of Defense, the Interior, Justice, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, Health and Human Sciences, Energy, Education, Veteran Affairs and Homeland Security."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1129595#0",
"title": "https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-presidency-the-cabinet-the-bureaucracy.html\nThe Presidency, the Cabinet & the Bureaucracy",
"text": "\" {\"\"error\"\":true,\"\"iframe\"\":true}Your next lesson will play in 10 seconds Add to Timeline Autoplay 10K views Create an account to start this course today Try it free for 5 days!Create An Account Recommended Lessons and Courses for You Related Lessons Related Courses Presidential Powers: Major Types & Examples Presidential Executive Order: Definition & Example Government Corporation: Definition & Example The Iron Triangle: Definition, Theory & Examples Lesson Transcript Instructor: Amy Troolin Amy has MA degrees in History, English, and Theology. She has taught college English and religious education classes and currently works as a freelance writer. In this lesson, we will explore the relationships between the president and the bureaucracy. We will focus especially on the cabinet, independent regulatory agencies, and the Office of Management and Budget. The Chance of a Lifetime You stare at your boss in open-mouthed surprise. You can hardly believe what you're hearing. It's the chance of a lifetime for a journalist like you. She has just asked you to write an exposé on the inner workings of the bureaucracy surrounding the president. You immediately agree to your boss's request and assure her that you'll get right on it and that you'll get the scoop on this subject like no one ever has before. She smiles at your enthusiasm and leaves you to your work."
},
{
"docid": "D1908414#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/32023272/pols-exam-4-study-guide-flash-cards/\nPOLS Exam 4: Study Guide",
"text": "\"100 terms Alexandra_Zaso POLS Exam 4: Study Guide Ohio University POLS 1010Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later1. What best describes the structural makeup of the legislature in the United States? bicameral: house of representatives and senate2. Which branch or chamber of government was specifically created to closely represent the people's views? house of representatives3. How often are House members elected? every 2 years4. Which constitutional amendment shifted the power to elect senators from state legislators to popular elections?"
},
{
"docid": "D1123217#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/1944528/the-judiciary-bureaucracy-flash-cards/\nThe Judiciary & Bureaucracy",
"text": "\"61 terms Superwormie The Judiciary & Bureaucracy A. P. Government and Politics Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Judicial Review The ability of the court to review act of other branches of government and the states Judiciary Act of 1789 Developed the three-tiered system of the federal court system Marbury v. Madison (1803) First use of judicial review Trial Court First place where a case goes. Uses original juristdiction. Appellate Court Next place where a case goes. Reviews findings by lower courts. Jurisdiction The ability of the court to hear and decide issues of cases Original Jurisdiction Determine facts of cases - used in trials. Appellate Jurisdiction The ability of a higher court to review/revise decisions made by lower courts. Criminal law Individuals - protection of property and/or safety of individuals. Civil law Businesses/corporations vs. individuals. Groups vs. individuals. Constitutional Courts Courts made specifically by the Constitution or by Congress through the Constitution."
},
{
"docid": "D463175#0",
"title": "http://www.flashcardmachine.com/ch13-thefederalbureaucracy.html\nShared Flashcard Set",
"text": "\"Shared Flashcard Set Details Title Ch. 13-The Federal Bureaucracy Description N/ATotal Cards 22Subject Political Studies Level Undergraduate 1Created 12/09/2014Click here to study/print these flashcards . Create your own flash cards! Sign up here . Additional Political Studies Flashcards Cards Term Administrative Law Judge Definition An official who presides at a trial-like administrative hearing to settle a dispute between an agency & someone adversely affected by a decision of that agency. Term Agency Point of View Definition The tendency of bureaucrats to place the interests of their agency ahead of other interests & ahead of the priorities sought by the president or Congress. Term Budgetary Process Definition The process through which annual federal spending & revenue determinations are made. Term Bureaucracy Definition A system of organization & control based on the principles of hierarchical authority, job specialization, & formalized rules. Term Bureaucratic Accountability Definition The degree to which bureaucrats are held accountable for the power they exercise. Term Cabinet (Executive) Departments Definition The major administrative organizations within the federal executive bureaucracy, each of which is headed by a secretary, or in the case of Justice, the attorney general."
},
{
"docid": "D1733454#0",
"title": "http://www.wwnorton.com/college/polisci/we-the-people8/full/ch/14/outline.aspx\nBureaucracy in a Democracy",
"text": "Chapter 14Bureaucracy in a Democracy Chapter Outline Bureaucracy and Bureaucrats Bureaucracy is simply a form of organization. Specialization and repetition are essential to the efficiency of any organization. Despite fears of bureaucratic growth, the federal service has grown little during the past thirty-five years. The national government is large, but the federal service has not been growing any faster than the economy or the society. The primary tasks of bureaucracy are to implement the laws passed by Congress and issue rules. Because legislation often sets only broad parameters for government action, one important job of the bureaucracy is to fill in the blanks—to interpret the intentions of Congress and the president prior to implementation of orders by determining how laws should be implemented. The lower efficiency of public agencies can be attributed to the added constraints put on them, as compared with those put on private agencies. Through civil service reform, national and state governments have attempted to reduce political interference in public bureaucracies by implementing a merit system for hiring and granting certain public bureaucrats legal protection from being fired without a show of cause. At the higher levels of government agencies, including such posts as cabinet secretaries and assistant secretaries, many jobs are filled with political appointees and are not part of the merit system. The Organization of the Executive Branch Cabinet departments, agencies, and bureaus are the operating parts of the bureaucracy."
},
{
"docid": "D8427#0",
"title": "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Executive+Branch\nExecutive Branch",
"text": "\"Executive Branch Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Wikipedia . Executive Branch The branch of the U. S. government that is composed of the president and all the individuals,agencies, and departments that report to the president, and that is responsible for administeringand enforcing the laws that Congress passes. The U. S. government is composed of three branches: legislative, judicial, and executive. Thelegislative branch consists of the U. S. Congress, which is responsible for creating laws. The judicialbranch is composed of the federal courts, which are responsible for ruling on the validity of the lawsthat Congress passes and applying them in individual cases. The executive branch differs from both in scope and function. The Executive Branch and the Constitution The executive branch has undergone tremendous changes over the years, making it very differentfrom what it was under George Washington. Today's executive branch is much larger, morecomplex, and more powerful than it was when the United States was founded. When the writers of the Constitution were initially deciding what powers and responsibilities theexecutive branch—headed by the president—would have, they were heavily influenced by theirexperience with the British government under King George III. Having seen how the king and other European monarchs tended to abuse their powers, the designers of the Constitution wanted to placestrict limits on the power that the president would have."
},
{
"docid": "D2745922#0",
"title": "http://www.webpages.ttu.edu/ndometri/POLS%203341/Review%20Quest-3341/Exec%20Branch%20Review.htm\n.",
"text": "\"EXECUTIVE BRANCH: FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCALTRUE OR FALSEAll cabinet agencies are headed by a “Secretary” except for Defense where the leader’s title is “Commander in Chief. A signing statement may be used to describe how the president will interpret a law. The EOP is a cabinet department Key white house staff officials are part of the inner cabinet Most federal government employees work in Washington DC or the surrounding metropolitan area. When we refer to an agency as being “captured” that means it is controlled or heavily influenced by the businesses or interests it was designed to regulate. Like the president, when a new Texas governor takes office s/he can fire the leaders of major state agencies that served with the prior governor. The City of Lubbock has a Federal Building that includes a number of field offices of federal agencies. The term bureau refers to an entity with a focused task and identifiable personnel and budget. The Civil Rights Division within the Department of Justice is an example of an independent agency The Federal Reserve Board is an example of an independent agency. Many federal independent agencies are headed by commissioners who have fixed terms of office and cannot be fired or replaced by the president until the end of their term. Major Presidential Appointments, such as the Secretary of State, must be approved by the U. S. Senate."
},
{
"docid": "D3457086#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/17555418/gov-and-politics-mid-term-review-flash-cards/\nGov and Politics Mid-term Review",
"text": "\"81 terms matt_shockey Gov and Politics Mid-term Review University of Arkansas Fort Smith Mid term review; concurrent credit Mc Murray Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Americans' national identity rests largely upon shared political ideals The American political culture includes all of the following ideas except economic equality Cultural beliefs are said to be mythic ideas, which means that they are symbolic postures that reflect partly what is ideal and partly what is real Political conflict is rooted in which two general conditions of society differeing values and scarcity of resources In a constitutional system, citizens have basic right which government cannot take away America's founding principles have roots in religious beliefs Americans' emphasis on self sufficiency and material accumulation reflects their belief in individualis In the second treatise on civil government, _____ argued that all individuals have certain natural rights, including life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. John Locke A major criticism of the theory of pluralism is that only a small number of powerful groups are well organized and influence policymakers. Politics inherently involves conflict E Pluribus Unum means out of many, one.____ is the ability of persons or institutions to control policy. Power The idea that government should be restricted in its lawful uses of power and hence in its ability to deprive people of tehir liberty is expressed by teh term limited government. Through the grants of power in the Constitution, the Framers sought to both empower government and limit it. The principle of checks and balances is based on the notion that power must be used to offset power. Marbury v. Madison is a landmark Supreme Court decision because it set the precedent for judicial review. The writer of the Constitution used the term ___ to describe the form of government in which power resides in the people but is exercised through a system of representative institutions. Republic The term of office for a US senator is _ years, while that of a member of the US House is _ years."
},
{
"docid": "D1627934#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/12658529/the-presidency-the-cabinet-flash-cards/\nThe Presidency: The Cabinet",
"text": "\"11 terms Joseph Mark Brown The Presidency: The Cabinet The cabinet of the president of the USA. Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort What is the cabinet? The advisory group selected by the president to aid him in making decisions and coordinating the work of the federal government. How did the cabinet come to be created, and who sits in it? The president's cabinet is not mentioned in the Constitution. According to presidential scholar Richard Fenno, it is, \"\"institutionalised by usage alone\"\". In other words, it's used because it is used. The cabinet is an advice-giving group selected by the president to aid him in making decisions, membership of which is determined both by tradition and by presidential discretion. By tradition, it is made up of the heads of the fifteen executive departments. By presidential discretion, other can be given 'cabinet rank', such as the US ambassador to the United Nations."
},
{
"docid": "D826467#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/20057603/ap-gov-chapter-13-and-14-flash-cards/\nAP Gov Chapter 13 and 14",
"text": "\"102 terms stouey AP Gov Chapter 13 and 14Chapter 13- the presidency Chapter 14- the bureaucracy Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sortdivided government the control of the presidency by one party and the control of one or both houses of Congress by the other State of the Union address annual speech delivered by the president in late January or early February in fulfillment of the constitutional obligation of reporting to Congress the state of the unionbully pulpit the nature of president status as an ideal vehicle for persuading the public to support the president's policiesveto power power giving presidents the capacity to prevent bills passed by Congress from becoming law. it may be overridden by a two-thirds vote in each congressional chamber. most state governors also have veto power over their legislaturesoverride congressional passage of a bill by a two-thirds vote despite the presidents vetopocket veto presidential veto after congressional adjournment, executed merely by not signing the bill into officeline item veto presidential authority to negate particular provisions of a law while letting the remainder stand; granted by Congress in 1996 but stuck down by the Supreme Court in 1998administration the president and his political appointees, who are responsible for directing the executive branch of governmentcabinet top administration officials, most of whom are heads of departments in the executive branchsecretary the title of the head of a department within the executive branchwhite house office political appointees who work directly for the president, many of whom occupy offices in the White Houseexecutive office of the president (EOP) agency that houses both top coordinating offices and other operating agencies.commander in chief the president in his constitutional role as head of the U. S. armed forcestransition the period after a presidential candidate has won the November election, but before the candidate assumes office as president on January 20th.honeymoon the first several months of a presidency, when reporters are more forgiving than usual, Congress is more inclined to be cooperative, and the public is more receptive to new approaches.efficient aspect according to Walter Bagehot, the aspect of government that involves making policy, administering the laws, and settling disputes.dignified aspect according to Walter Bagehot, the aspect of government, including royalty and ceremony, that generates citizen respect and loyaltyfirst lady traditional title of the president's wifeinherent executive power presidential authority inherent in the executive branch of government, although not specifically mentioned in the Constitution.executive order a presidential directive that has the force of law although it is not enacted by Congressexecutive privilege the right of the president to deny Congress information it request on the grounds that the activities of the executive branch must be kept confidentialimpeachment recommendation by a majority of the House of Representatives that a president, another official in the executive branch, or a judge of the federal courts be removed from office; removed from office; removal depends on a two-thirds vote of the Senateindependent counsel legal officer (originally called special prosecutor) appointed by a court to investigate allegations of criminal activity on the part of high-ranking members of the executive branchbeltway insider the politically influential people who work inside the highway that surrounds Washington, D. C.presidential popularity evaluation of a president by voters, usually as measured by a survey question asking the adult population how well they think the president is doing the jobbureaucracy hierarchical organization of officials with responsibility for specific tasksagency the basic organizational unit of federal government. Also known as office or bureaudepartment a collection of federal agencies that reports to a secretary who serves in the president's cabinetgovernment corporation independent organization created by Congress to fulfill functions related to business.administrative discretion the power of a bureaucracy to interpret a legislative mandatepatronage jobs, contracts, or favors given by politicians to their friends and alliesspoils system a system of government employment in which workers are hired on the basis of party loyaltycivil service a system in which government employees are chosen according to their educational qualifications, performance on examinations, and work experiencemugwumps organized in the 1880s, a group of civil-service reformers, including professors, journalists, clerics, and business leaders, who maintained that government officials should be chosen on a merit basis, not for their political connections. Pendleton Act legislation passed in 1883 creating the Civil Service Commission Hatch Act a 1939 law prohibiting federal employees from engaging in political campaigning and solicitationin-and-outers political appointees who come in, go out, and come back in again with each change in administrationinner cabinet the four orginial departments (Stae, Defense, Treasury, and Justice) whose secretaries typically have the closest ties to the presidentouter cabinet newer departments that have less access to the president but have evolved in such ways as to provide interest-group access to the executive branch of governmentindependent regulatory agencies agencies with quasi-judicial responsibilities that are meant to be carried out in a manner free of presidential interference. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) agency responsible for developing the president's budget, setting personnel policy in the executive branch, and reviewing all proposed legislation sent by the executive branch to Congress to ensure it is consistent with the president's agendaend run an agency's effort to avoid OMB controls by appealing to its allies in Congress Congressional Budget Office (CBO) congressional agency that evaluates the president's budget as well as the budgetary implications of all other legislation.senatorial courtesy an informal rule that the Senate will not confirm nominees for positions within a state unless it has the approval of the state's senior senator from the president's partyrecess appointment a presidential appointment made without Senate confirmation while the Senate is in recessearmark in an agency's budget, a specific congressional designation of the way money is to be spentiron triangle a close, stable connection among agencies, interest groups, and congressional committeessunshine law a 1976 law requiring that federal government meeting be held in publicwho plays a major role in showing the president's power? the mediarealities about president's power there are numerous checks in his power:veto can be overlooked, senate ratify amendments, all laws have to originate in Congress, congressional oversight, power of the purse, impeach/remove from office, and declare executive actions/laws unconstitutional. President plays numerous roles and responsibilities President comes into office with high expectation Americans have split view f the president: people like strong powerful man however they fear giving to much power to one person Presidents 8 roles: chief of state, chief executive, chief administrator, chief diplomat, commander in chief, chief legislator, chief or party, chief citizeninformal roles of the president: chief of state, chief diplomat, chief legislator, chief of party, and chief citizenformal roles of the president: chief executive, chief administrator, chief diplomat, commander in chief, and chief legislatorchief of state goes foreign, deals with foreign policychief executive job of executive branch to implement laws, read and understand laws INS an agency in the Department of Justice that enforces laws and regulations for the admission of foreign-born persons to the United Stateschief administrator head of the gov't which spends money to appropriate moneybudget process... president proposes a budget, congress passes 15 separate spending bill (don't vote on each cabinet, bundle them), then they either are dead on arrival or amended, then the executive branch spends the money How does the executive branch spend money? most of the money goes to programs which have mandate situations meaning certain money has to go to them (example Social Security and medicare). 3.87 trillion spent in 2012discretionary spending how much you want to give to a program, can go up or down."
},
{
"docid": "D1623696#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/8496272/us-government-unit-4-test-flash-cards/\nUS Government Unit 4 Test",
"text": "\"130 terms Boomer Sooner01US Government Unit 4 Test Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort In case the President is disabled, the way the Vice President is determined by the Twenty-Fifth Amendment According to the Constitution, the President must Be atleast 25 years of age As of January 20, 2001, the President receives a yearly salary of $400,000The electoral system broke down in the election of 1800 because of the rise of political parties If an incumbent President is seeking another term in office, who will his party likely nominate? The President A state's presidential electors are chosen by Popular Vote A President can serve no more than _____ years in office 10According to the Presidential Succession Act of 1947, which of these officers follows the Vice President in the line of presidential succession? Speaker of the House The President may decide to resume duties after an illness by informing Congress that no inability exists, but that decision can be challenged by the Vice President and a majority of the Cabinet Most presidential caucuses differ from Statewide presidential primaries in all of the following ways EXCEPT the main purpose for which the delegates are chosen During the nomination process, political battles are most likely to occur in presidential primaries in the party out of power The national convention is held to accomplish all of the following EXCEPT select the party's delegates The least number of presidential electors a State can have is three Which of the following is NOT an agrument against the electoral college system? The reults depend upon how State congressional districts are drawn The order of succession to the presidency after the Vice President is determinded by the Presidential Succession Act Which of the following is a way that presidential disability is determinded? The Vice President and a majority of the Cabinet inform Congress in writing A formal duty assigned to the Vice President by the Constitution is to preside over the Senate A presidential primary can be none of the above The first session of the national convention is generally devoted to giving speeches The first and most widely publicized caucus today is held in the State of Iowa The most widely supported plan for reform of the electoral college is the Direct popular election plan All of the following are characteristics that usually determine who is nominated for President EXCEPT Protestant faith Which of the following is NOT a formal qualification for the presidency? must have extensive prior political experience One of the major flaws in the electoral college system is that the winner of the popular vote is not guaranteed the presidency The Framers of the Constitution called for the President to be elected by a body of electors The major importance of the 12th Amendment is that it eliminated the possibility of a tie for the presidency Most of the sessions at the national convention are spent listening to party speeches and reports Which of the following statements is NOT an agrument for direct popular election of the President? The small States would gain an advantage in a direct election plan The main agrument in favor of limiting the President to a single 6-year term is that it would free the President from the demands of a second-term campaign The power of the presidency has been cause for debate MAINLY because the Constitution provided a loose definition of executive power Which of the following has NOT worked to strengthen the power of the presidency? the constitutional system of checks and balances Which of the following statements about the President's power of removal is TRUE?"
},
{
"docid": "D1198293#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/2550409/polisci1100-flash-cards/\nPOLISCI1100",
"text": "\"160 terms saposlover POLISCI1100Questions for Poli Scii 1100 Final Exam Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort THe Supreme Court's ruling in Bush v. Gore can be viewed as an \"\"activist\"\" ruling in that: The Court involved itself in what many considered to be a political issue In regards to the federal courts, the Constitution states that: There will be a Supreme Court and those inferior courts that COngress chooses to establis The federal judiciary is described in Article ____ of the Constitution. 3In Federalist Paper No. 78, Alexander Hamilton makes the argument that: The Court should have the power to check the legislature since the legislature cannot be trusted to check itself Constitutional courts are those courts that: Are created by Congress under Article 3 of the Constitution The three main types of courts that make up the federal judiciary are: District, circuit, Supreme True or False: Federal district courts are courts of original jurisdiction? True Judicial review is the power of the Supreme Court to: Invalidate acts fo the other branches of government if it finds thos acts to be in violation of the Constitution True or False: Federal Judges are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate True__________ refers to the doctrine that courts should base their interpretation of a law or constitutional provision on past precedent. Stare Decisis According to the Constitution, the number of judges on the Supreme Court is: The Constitution does not say. Congress determines the number of sitting judges. True or False? : Most members of the Supreme Court have had their education at very expensive and selective universities."
},
{
"docid": "D2177646#0",
"title": "http://www.sparknotes.com/us-government-and-politics/american-government/the-bureaucracy/section2.rhtml\nThe Bureaucracy",
"text": "The Federal Bureaucracy<< Prev Section Page 1of 2Next Page >The federal bureaucracy is huge: roughly 2.6 million employees, plus many freelance contractors. Everybody in the bureaucracy works to administer the law. For the most part, the executive branch manages the federal bureaucracy. Although the executive branch controls the majority of the federal bureaucracy, the legislative and judiciary branches also have some influence. Congress, for example, controls the Library of Congress, the Congressional Research Service, and the Government Accountability Office, among other bureaucracies. Through its power of oversight, Congress also monitors the federal bureaucracy to make sure that it acts properly. The courts sometimes get involved in the bureaucracy when issues of law and constitutionality arise, such as when a civil service regulation is violated or if an agency oversteps its jurisdiction. There are five types of organizations in the federal bureaucracy: Cabinet departments Independent executive agencies Independent regulatory agencies Government corporations Presidential commissions Bureaucratic Growth The federal bureaucracy was small throughout much of American history. But the Great Depression, World War II, the Cold War, and President Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society programs greatly expanded the role of the federal government. George W. Bush’s War on Terror has also expanded and redefined the role of the federal government and has necessitated the creation of new organizations, such as the Department of Homeland Security."
},
{
"docid": "D1640618#0",
"title": "https://classroom.synonym.com/what-are-the-duties-of-each-branch-of-government-12081444.html\nWhat Are the Duties of Each Branch of Government?",
"text": "\"Home » Classroom What Are the Duties of Each Branch of Government? By Gregory Crews; Updated September 29, 2017Three branches comprise the federal government of the United States. The federal government of the United States is comprised of three branches of government to carry out civil powers and functions. The legislative branch (Congress) makes the laws, the executive branch (led by the President) enforces and carries out the laws, and the judicial branch (headed by the Supreme Court) interprets the laws. This system of checks and balances helps to ensure that power is distributed evenly among the three branches of government. Executive Branch The executive branch of the government ensures that the laws of the United States are carried out. The executive office is headed by a president, assisted by a vice president and cabinet. The cabinet is an advisory body that includes the heads of major departments, such as State, Defense, Justice, and Agriculture, among others. They are also assisted by independent agencies, popularly called the \"\"bureaucracy,\"\" which administer federal programs. The executive branch is established by Article II of the Constitution."
},
{
"docid": "D2657946#0",
"title": "http://www.course-notes.org/US_Gov_and_Politics/Outlines/American_Government_7th_Edition_Textbook/Chapter_13_The_Bureaucracy\nChapter 13 - The Bureaucracy",
"text": "Home » AP US Gov and Politics » Outlines » American Government, 7th Edition Textbook Chapter 13 - The Bureaucracy Printer Friendly Intro Stuff: Bureaucracy (the real meaning) = A large, complex organization composed of appointed officials, where authority is divided among several managers and/or departments. Bureaucracies have come to be associated with “waste, confusion, red tape, and rigidity.” We blame many of our problems on “the bureaucracy.” But in actuality, many of the problems are a result of the actions of Congress, the courts, and the president. Distinctiveness of the American Bureaucracy Bureaucratic government is a part of all modern societies. However, the United States has three aspects of constitutional system and political traditions that make it distinctive. Political authority over the bureaucracy is shared among several institutions rather than placed into one set of hands. This contrasts with systems such as the British one, where the prime minister rules supreme (in theory). Most agencies of the federal government share functions with related agencies in state and local government. This contrasts with systems present in places like France, where the things like education, health, housing, etc."
},
{
"docid": "D1739638#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_role_of_the_cabinet\nWhat is the role of the cabinet?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States US Presidents What is the role of the cabinet? Flag What is the role of the cabinet? Answer by J. P. Helm Confidence votes 112KRetired professor of math and computer science having taught for 36 years at a state supported university in Virginia The purpose of the Cabinet is to advise the President on matters relating to the duties of their respective offices. Each of the 15 cabinet secretaries runs one of the major departments of the federal government.6 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Colin Peters 610,892 Contributions Be helpful What are the roles and responsibilities of the cabinet minister? Generally speaking a cabinet minister is a political appointee who broadly agrees with the policies of his or her party in a specific field of government. It is their job to …Lamb2 5,414 Contributions What is the role of the president's cabinet? The role of the president's cabinet is to help the president make important decisions. What is the role of the presidents cabinet?the Cabinet's role is to advise the President on any subject he may require relating tothe duties of each member's respective office. What is the role of the cabinet level departments in the federal bureaucracy?"
},
{
"docid": "D202575#0",
"title": "http://history-world.org/united_states_government.htm\n.",
"text": "\"UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT, Part One Author: William Kehen, Ph D. Columbia University1996The federal government of the United States was created by the Constitution, which went into operation in 1789 when the first Congress convened and George Washington took the oath of office as president. The government is called federal because it was formed by a compact (the Constitution) among 13 political units (the states). These states agreed to give up part of their independence, or sovereignty, in order to form a central authority and submit themselves to it. Thus, what was essentially a group of 13 separate countries under the Articles of Confederation united to form one nation under the Constitution When the Declaration of Independence was issued in 1776, it used the term United States of America. Until the Constitution was adopted and ratified, however, the 13 states did not really form one nation. They each held onto so many powers individually, including conducting foreign policy and trade negotiations, that the Continental Congress could only do what the states allowed. The Articles were never the law of the land to the extent that the Constitution is. In essence, the United States as a nation did not come into existence until the Constitution began to function as the framework of the government. Once the Constitution was in place, tension between the states and the federal government did not automatically cease. Many political thinkers believed that the states were really the supreme authority."
},
{
"docid": "D3401384#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Presidency\nImperial Presidency",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the concept of imperial presidency in American politics. For its use in the analysis of South Korean politics under Park Chung-hee, see Yushin Constitution. Imperial Presidency is a term used to describe the modern presidency of the United States which became popular in the 1960s and served as the title of a 1973 volume by historian Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., who wrote The Imperial Presidency out of two concerns: that the U. S. presidency was uncontrollable and that it had exceeded the constitutional limits. [ 1]It was based on a number of observations. Up until the 1930s, the president had few staff, most of them based in the U. S. Capitol, where the President has always had an office (the President's Room ). The office is no longer used except for ceremonial occasions, but in the 19th and early 20th centuries, presidents were regularly based there with a small staff. Franklin D. Roosevelt 's leadership (in office 1933–1945) during the Great Depression and World War II changed the presidency. His leadership in the new age of electronic media, the growth of executive agencies under the New Deal, his Brain Trust advisors, and the creation of the Executive Office of the President in 1939 led to a transformation of the presidency. The president has a large executive staff most often crowded in the West Wing (redesigned in 1934), the basement of the White House, or in the Eisenhower Executive Office Building, which is beside the White House and used by the Departments of Defense and State. Progressive overcrowding in the West Wing led President Richard Nixon to convert the former presidential swimming pool into a press room."
},
{
"docid": "D2531946#0",
"title": "http://www.dummies.com/education/politics-government/how-the-presidents-cabinet-and-departments-in-washington-d-c-work/\nHow the Presidentâs Cabinet and Departments in Washington, D.C., Work",
"text": "Education Politics & Government How the President’s Cabinet and Departments in Washington, D. C., Work How the President’s Cabinet and Departments in Washington, D. C., Work Related Book How Washington Actually Works For Dummies By Greg Rushford Excerpted from How Washington Actually Works For Dummies The President’s Cabinet in Washington, D. C., includes the Vice President and the heads of 15 executive departments: the secretaries of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Labor, State, Transportation, Treasury, and Veterans Affairs, as well as the Attorney General, who heads the Department of Justice. In addition, in every administration a small number of other senior officials are normally accorded Cabinet rank and attend Cabinet meetings as principals. In the Obama administration, these include the White House Chief of Staff, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the U. S. Trade Representative, the United States Ambassador to the United Nations, and the Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers. The executive departments are the bread and butter of the federal bureaucracy. They employ the majority of federal workers and account for most discretionary spending. George Washington’s administration had only three departments: State, Treasury, and War. Each of these three still exists today, although the War Department became the Department of Defense in the late 1940s. Other departments have been added by Congress as the need arose, and the addition of new executive departments accelerated during the 20th century. The most recently minted organization, the Department of Homeland Security, was established in 2002 in response to the 9/11 attacks of 2001. All large and complicated organizations have a degree of arbitrariness in their structure, and the federal bureaucracy is no different."
},
{
"docid": "D1553228#0",
"title": "http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/APGOV_Notes_WeekThirteenBureaucarcy.htm\n.",
"text": "\"The Bureaucracy Objectives1. Compare and contrast the American and British models of government bureaucracy.2. Sketch the history of the growth of bureaucracy in this country, and the different uses to which it has been put.3. Discuss the recruitment, retention, and personal characteristics of federal bureaucrats.4. Show how the roles and missions of the agencies are affected by both internal and external factors.5. Review congressional measures to control the bureaucracy, and evaluate their effectiveness.6. List the \"\"pathologies\"\" that may affect bureaucracies, and discuss why it is so difficult to reform the bureaucracy. Text Outline I. Distinctiveness of the American bureaucracy A. Constitutional system and traditions make bureaucracy distinctive 1. Supervision shared by president and Congress2. Federal agencies share functions with state and local governments3."
}
] |
8614 | ]assertion definition | [
{
"docid": "D943093#0",
"title": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/assertion/\nAssertion",
"text": "Assertion First published Mon Jan 22, 2007; substantive revision Wed Dec 31, 2014An assertion is a speech act in which something is claimed to hold, for instance that there are infinitely many prime numbers, or, with respect to some time t, that there is a traffic congestion on Brooklyn Bridge at t, or, of some person x with respect to some time t, that x has a tooth ache at t. The concept of assertion has occupied a central place in the philosophy of language, since it is often thought that making assertions is the use of language most crucial to linguistic meaning. In recent years, by contrast, most of the interest in assertion has come from epistemology. The nature of assertion and its relation to other categories and phenomena have been subject to much controversy. Some of the ideas of assertion will be presented below. The article will situate assertion within speech act theory and pragmatics more generally, and then go on to present the current main accounts of assertion. [ 1]By an account of assertion is here meant a theory of what it consists in to make an assertion. According to such accounts, there are deep properties of assertion: specifying those properties is specifying what a speaker essentially does in making an assertion (e.g., express a belief ). There must also be surface properties, which are the properties by which we can tell whether an utterance is an assertion, for instance that it is made by means of uttering a sentence in the indicative mood. Some accounts specify deep properties only, while others relate deep properties to surface properties, as we shall see.1. Speech acts2."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D3278821#0",
"title": "http://www.definitions.net/definition/Assertion\nDefinitions &Translations",
"text": "Princeton's Word Net (4.00 / 1 vote)Rate this definition:assertion, averment, asseveration (noun)a declaration that is made emphatically (as if no supporting evidence were necessary)affirmation, assertion, statement (noun)the act of affirming or asserting or stating something Wiktionary (5.00 / 1 vote)Rate this definition:assertion (Noun)The act of asserting, or that which is asserted; positive declaration or averment; affirmation; statement asserted; position advanced.assertion (Noun)Maintenance; vindication; as, the assertion of one's rights or prerogatives.assertion (Noun)A statement in a program asserting a condition expected to be true at a particular point, used in debugging. Origin: assertion, from assertio Webster Dictionary (5.00 / 2 votes)Rate this definition: Assertion (noun)the act of asserting, or that which is asserted; positive declaration or averment; affirmation; statement asserted; position advanced Assertion (noun)maintenance; vindication; as, the assertion of one's rights or prerogatives Origin: [L. assertio, fr. asserere. ] Freebase (4.00 / 1 vote)Rate this definition: Assertion In computer programming, an assertion is a predicate placed in a program to indicate that the developer thinks that the predicate is always true at that place. British National Corpus Nouns Frequency Rank popularity for the word 'assertion' in Nouns Frequency: #2820Anagrams for assertion »señoritas, senoritasairstonesnotarisesrai stonesreasonist Señoritas Numerology Chaldean Numerology The numerical value of assertion in Chaldean Numerology is: 4Pythagorean Numerology The numerical value of assertion in Pythagorean Numerology is: 3Sample Sentences & Example Usage Matthew Bates: We disagree with your assertion that 'Kovalchuk has had a significant role in Energomash,'. Homeland Security Secretary Jeh Johnson: Chairman Chaffetz's assertion that this department has been 'uncooperative' is simply wrong. James Anthony Froude: Philosophy goes no further than probabilities, and in every assertion keeps a doubt in reserve. Superintendent Alton L. Frailey: However, the assertion that the teacher tried to force her to deny her God or threatened her God, that was not corroborated. Catt Sadler: We don’t agree with Debra Messing’s assertion, we’re not in the business of being a megaphone for an inaccurate story. Images & Illustrations of assertion"
},
{
"docid": "D3278822#0",
"title": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/assertion\nassertion",
"text": "\"assertionnoun as·ser·tion \\ ə-ˈsər-shən, a- \\Popularity: Top 40% of words Trending Now:oligarch glib depose omnibus acrimony ALLExamples: assertion in a Sentence Time Traveler! Explore the year a word first appeared Definition of assertion: the act of asserting or something that is asserted: such asa: insistent and positive affirming, maintaining, or defending (as of a right or attribute)an assertion of ownership/innocenceb: a declaration that something is the case He presented no evidence to support his assertions. See assertion defined for kids Examples of assertion in a Sentencethe assertion that all men have certain unalienable rights is set forth in the Declaration of Independencemade the unlikely assertion that gravity affects light Recent Examples of assertion from the Web Jim Trotter, the president of the Pro Football Writers of America, took exception to Lockhart’s assertion that the league had tried to become more transparent.— ken belson, New York Times, \"\"The Battle-Scarred West Wing Veteran Scripting the N. F. L.’s Anthem Message,\"\" 29 Oct. 2017Nance spent most of an hour-long hearing Monday questioning the prosecution about whether Mr. Trump’s assertion that the public knew his position on the case would affect views of Sgt.— nancy a. youssef, WSJ, \"\"Trump Ruined Bergdahl’s Chances for a Fair Sentence, Lawyers Argue,\"\" 23 Oct. 2017That dovetails with Matthews’s assertion that postpeak struggles don’t come from kismet or one’s endorphins being out of whack, but rather from inside the players’ heads.— mark bechtel, SI.com, \"\"Will Record Win Streak Hurt Indians in the Postseason? Not Necessarily,\"\" 3 Oct. 2017These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'assertion.' Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback. Origin and Etymology of assertionsee assert NEW!"
},
{
"docid": "D2845921#0",
"title": "http://www.yourdictionary.com/claim\nclaim",
"text": "claimclaim Use claim in a sentence The passenger retrieved his luggage from the baggage claim area. Licensed from Getty Imagesnoun The definition of a claim is a demand for something which is due. An example of claim is a document given to the insurance company stating money is wanted for car damages.verb Claim means to take or assert ownership of something or to state something as true. An example of claim is to recover a lost jacket from the lost and found. An example of claim is to announce that a specific person was responsible for a specific mistake. Your Dictionary definition and usage example. Copyright © 2018 by Love To Know Corp Link/Citeclaimto demand or ask for as rightfully belonging or due to one; assert one's right to (a title, accomplishment, etc. that should be recognized): to claim a record in the high jumpto call for; require; deserve: a problem that claims attentionto state as a fact or as one's belief (something that may be called into question); assert Origin of claim Middle English claimen from Old French claimer, to call, claim from Classical Latin clamare, to cry out: see clamora demand for something rightfully or allegedly duea right or title to something: her sole claim to famesomething claimed, asa piece of land staked out by a settler or minermoney demanded for an insurance settlementa statement, as a fact, of something that may be called into question; assertionclaim Idiomslay claim toto assert one's right or title to Webster's New World College Dictionary, Fifth Edition Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Link/Citeclaimtransitive verbclaimed, claim·ing, claims To demand, ask for, or take as one's own or one's due: claim a reward; claim one's luggage at the airport carousel."
},
{
"docid": "D3278823#0",
"title": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/self-assertion\nself-assertion",
"text": "self-assertionnoun self-as·ser·tion \\ ˌself-ə-ˈsər-shən \\Popularity: Bottom 40% of words Trending Now:oligarch glib depose omnibus acrimony ALLTime Traveler! Explore the year a word first appeared Definition of self-assertion1: the act of asserting oneself or one's own rights, claims, or opinions2: the act of asserting one's superiority over others See self-assertion defined for English-language learners See self-assertion defined for kids First Known Use of self-assertion1806SELF-ASSERTION Defined for English Language Learnersself-assertionnoun Definition of self-assertion for English Language Learners: the act of expressing or defending your rights, claims, or opinions in a confident or forceful way Seen and Heard What made you want to look up self-assertion? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).show"
},
{
"docid": "D1748370#0",
"title": "http://www.yourdictionary.com/dogmatic\ndogmatic",
"text": "dogmaticdog·mat·ic Use dogmatic in a sentenceadjective The definition of dogmatic is the strong expression of opinions as if they were facts. An example of dogmatic is insisting that a feminist view is the one and only way to look at literature. Your Dictionary definition and usage example. Copyright © 2018 by Love To Know Corp Link/Citedogmaticof or like dogma; doctrinalstating opinion in an assertive or arrogant manner also dog·mat′i·cal Origin of dogmatic Classical Latin dogmaticus from Classical Greek dogmatikos Webster's New World College Dictionary, Fifth Edition Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Link/Citedogmaticadjective Relating to, characteristic of, or resulting from dogma.a. Asserting or insisting upon ideas or principles, especially when unproven or unexamined, in an imperious or arrogant manner: “People in recovery groups can be dogmatic, asserting that the group's way is 'the way' or bashing other approaches” ( Anne M. Fletcher )b. Characterized by such assertion, often with an unconsidered rejection of criticism: a dogmatic adherence to a single educational model. Origin of dogmatic Late Latin dogmaticus from Greek dogmatikos from dogma dogmat- belief ; see dogma . Related Forms:dog·mat′i·cal·lyadverb THE AMERICAN HERITAGE® DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, FIFTH EDITION by the Editors of the American Heritage Dictionaries. Copyright © 2016, 2011 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company."
},
{
"docid": "D2850625#0",
"title": "http://www.flashcardmachine.com/fallacies7.html\nShared Flashcard Set",
"text": "\"Shared Flashcard Set Details Title Fallacies Description Fallacies and there examples Total Cards 17Subject Other Level Undergraduate 2Created 03/01/2011Click here to study/print these flashcards . Create your own flash cards! Sign up here . Additional Other Flashcards Cards Term Genetic fallacy: an attempt to discredit a position by condemning its source, or to establish a position by again condemning the source of an opposing viewpoint. Definition Ad hominem abusive (to the man):referred to as a character assassination, Ad hominem is an attempt to disparage the character of the person presenting the argument; deny the persons intelligence; question the persons integrity; all while not addressing the statements/arguments being presented. Example: Dad does nothing but lie, which is why this whole situation is happening in the first place. Ad hominem circumstantial:attempts to attack a claim by asserting that the person making the claim is making it simply out of self-interest. Example: I think that we should reject what congressman Rangel has to say about the ethical issues of fundraising because he is a Democrat. Term Ambiguity (equivocation)Definitioninstead of using words to clarify a point, language is used to make things more confusing. A term is used in more than one way."
},
{
"docid": "D885397#0",
"title": "http://www.wifcon.com/discussion/index.php?/topic/613-uca-definitization/\nUCA Definitization",
"text": "\"govconlaw New Member Members03 posts Report post Posted April 16, 2010We're trying to definitize an unpriced contract modification with a government agency and submitted a definitization proposal as directed by the agency The agency asked for an REA certification to go with our definitization proposal. Our thought is that a definitization proposal directed by the CO is not an REA. Any thoughts, opinions, or citations on this? Vern Edwards Orange Diamond Member Members07,655 posts Gender: Male Location: Portland, Oregon Report post Posted April 16, 2010govconlaw said: We're trying to definitize an unpriced contract modification with a government agency and submitted a definitization proposal as directed by the agency The agency asked for an REA certification to go with our definitization proposal. Our thought is that a definitization proposal directed by the CO is not an REA. Any thoughts, opinions, or citations on this?1. Is the contract with DOD?2. What kind of unpriced contract modification was it? Was it within the scope of the contract and pursuant to a contract clause, or was it for additional supplies or services outside the scope of the contract?3. You say that you submitted a definitization proposal \"\"as directed.\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D1235783#0",
"title": "http://www.dictionary.com/browse/assert\nassert",
"text": "\"assert [ uh - surt]Spell Syllables Synonyms Examples Word Origin See more synonyms on Thesaurus.comverb (used with object)1. to state with assurance, confidence, or force; state strongly or positively; affirm; aver: He asserted his innocence of the crime.2. to maintain or defend (claims, rights, etc.).3. to state as having existence; affirm; postulate: to assert a first cause as necessary. Idioms4. assert oneself, to insist on one's rights, declare one's views forcefully, etc. : The candidate finally asserted himself about property taxes. Origin of assert Expand Latin1595-16051595-1605; < Latin assertus joined to, defended, claimed (past participle of asserere ), equivalent to as-as- + ser- (see series) + -tus past participle suffix Related forms Expandasserter, assertor, nounassertible, adjectivemisassert, verb (used with object)overassert, verb (used with object)preassert, verb (used with object)reassert, verb (used with object)Synonyms Expand See more synonyms on Thesaurus.com1. asseverate, avow, maintain. 2."
},
{
"docid": "D2745182#0",
"title": "http://www.definitions.net/definition/affirm\nDefinitions &Translations",
"text": "\"Princeton's Word Net (0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition:confirm, corroborate, sustain, substantiate, support, affirm (verb)establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts\"\"his story confirmed my doubts\"\"; \"\"The evidence supports the defendant\"\"affirm, verify, assert, avow, aver, swan, swear (verb)to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true\"\"Before God I swear I am innocent\"\"affirm (verb)say yes to Wiktionary (0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition:affirm (Verb)To agree, verify or concur; to answer positively. She affirmed that she would go when I asked her.affirm (Verb)To support or encourage They did everything they could to affirm the children's self-confidence. Webster Dictionary (0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Affirm (verb)to assert or confirm, as a judgment, decree, or order, brought before an appellate court for review Affirm (verb)to assert positively; to tell with confidence; to aver; to maintain as true; -- opposed to deny Affirm (verb)to declare, as a fact, solemnly, under judicial sanction. See Affirmation, 4Affirm (verb)to declare or assert positively Affirm (verb)to make a solemn declaration, before an authorized magistrate or tribunal, under the penalties of perjury; to testify by affirmation Chambers 20th Century Dictionary (0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Affirmaf-fėrm′, v.t. to assert confidently or positively: to ratify a judgment: to confirm or maintain a statement of one's own or another's: ( log.) to make a statement in the affirmative: ( law) to make a formal declaration or affirmation, without an oath.— adj. Affirm′able, that may be affirmed (with of ).— n. Affirm′ance, affirmation, assertion, confirmation.— adj."
},
{
"docid": "D228750#0",
"title": "http://www.techdesignforums.com/practice/technique/clock-domain-and-reset-verification-low-power/\nClock-domain and reset verification in the low-power design era",
"text": "Clock-domain and reset verification in the low-power design era By Vaishnav Gorur | 1 Comment | Posted: March 11, 2013 Topics/Categories: EDA - Verification | Tags: clock domain crossing (CDC), clock gating, low power, reset | Organizations: Real Intent Print Share The multiple clock domains on today’s So Cs create a hotbed for clock-domain crossing bugs to thrive. Low-power design techniques increase the complexity of tracking these bugs down. Find out how these failures arise and what to do about them. So Cs integrate components from many sources. Accompanying this abundance of features is significant complexity that needs to be correctly handled. One source of complexity is that multiple components may operate at very different clock frequency ranges from their counterparts. Further, the clock inputs into many logic cones will be selectively disabled to save energy. The existence of multiple clock domains, the need for signals to cross between them, and the use of clock-disabling logic to save power create a hotbed in which clock-domain crossing (CDC) bugs thrive. CDC bugs lurk at the crossroads of bad design implementation, overlooked timing paths and incomplete verification. If the signal crossing from one asynchronous domain to another arrives too close to the receiving clock edge, the captured value can be non-deterministic due to setup or hold-time violations."
},
{
"docid": "D1327899#0",
"title": "http://dictionary.sensagent.com/cocky/en-en/\ndefinitions - cockyreport a problem",
"text": "\"definitions - cockyreport a problemcocky (adj.)1. overly self-confident or self-assertive \"\"a very cocky young man\"\"Advertizing ▼Merriam Webster Cocky, a. Pert. [ Slang]Advertizing ▼definition (more)definition of Wikipediasynonyms - cockyreport a problemcocky (adj. ) arrogant, bumptious, conceited, self-conceited, stuck-up, supercilious, vainphrasescocky humour • cocky-leeky Boo Cocky (Robot Chicken episode) • Cocky (album) • Cocky (mascot) • Cocky Ollyanalogical dictionarycocky (adj.) [ colloquial]deposit, lodge, stick, wedge - assertiveness, self-assertiveness - assertively [Dérivé]unassertive [Ant. ] assertive, self-asserting, self-assertive [Similaire]cocky (adj.) ↕Wikipedia Cockyupdate From Wikipedia Cocky may mean: Cocky, boldly or brashly self-confident Cocky, Australian slang for cockatoo Cocky, Australian slang for farmer Cocky (mascot), the mascot for the University of South Carolina athletics teams, a stylised gamecock Cocky (album), an album by Kid Rock All translations of cocky \""
},
{
"docid": "D970196#0",
"title": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/lying-definition/\nThe Definition of Lying and Deception",
"text": "The Definition of Lying and Deception First published Thu Feb 21, 2008; substantive revision Fri Dec 25, 2015Questions central to the philosophical discussion of lying to others and other-deception (interpersonal deceiving) may be divided into two kinds. Questions of the first kind are definitional or conceptual. They include the questions of how lying is to be defined, how deceiving is to be defined, and whether lying is always a form of deceiving. Questions of the second kind are normative — more particularly, moral. They include the questions of whether lying and deceiving are either defeasibly or non-defeasibly morally wrong, whether lying is morally worse than deceiving, and whether, if lying and deception are defeasibly morally wrong, they are merely morally optional on certain occasions, or are sometimes morally obligatory. In this entry, we only consider questions of the first kind.1. Traditional Definition of Lying1.1 Statement Condition1.2 Untruthfulness Condition1.3 Addressee Condition1.4 Intention to Deceive the Addressee Condition1.5 Objections to the Traditional Definition of Lying2. Deceptionism vs. Non-Deceptionism About Lying2.1 Simple Deceptionism2.2 Complex Deceptionism2.3 Moral Deceptionism2.4 Non-Deceptionism3. Traditional Definition of Deception3.1 Objections to the Traditional Definition of Deception Bibliography Academic Tools Other Internet Resources Related Entries1. Traditional Definition of Lying There is no universally accepted definition of lying to others."
},
{
"docid": "D3335069#0",
"title": "https://www.ndsu.edu/counseling/self_help/assertiveness_skills/\nAssertiveness Skills",
"text": "Assertiveness Skills Four Styles of Communication1) Passive Definition: Involves violating your own rights by failing to express honest feelings, thoughts, and beliefs and consequently allowing others to also violate your rights: or expressing your thoughts and feelings in such an apologetic, timid manner that others can easily disregard them. Purpose: To be liked and accepted by others. To avoid unpleasant and risky situations. Avoid confrontation and conflict with others. Characteristics: Low self-esteem, dependent, submissive and overly compliant, pessimistic, depressed, feels anxious, helpless, and powerless; simmers with rage inside, tension headaches or psychosomatic complaints. Attitude: I’m not okay, everyone else is. Interactions with others: Puts oneself down. Allows others to choose for him/her to tell oneself what to do, but then resents them for it. Her/his ideas, opinions, or plans are easily influenced or changed by others. Gives in or withdraws when conflict arises."
},
{
"docid": "D673796#0",
"title": "http://www.yourdictionary.com/allegation\nallegation",
"text": "allegational·le·ga·tion Use allegation in a sentencenoun The definition of an allegation is an accusation against someone without proof. An example of an allegation is when a parent accuses his child of stealing money out of his wallet, but he is only making a guess since he didn’t see it happen. An allegation is defined as an accusation made by a person or a group of people in a legal setting, which then needs to be proven through an investigation. An example of an allegation is when a group of children come forward and say a specific adult sexually abused them, and then the police investigate in order to discover whether or not there is enough proof for an arrest. Your Dictionary definition and usage example. Copyright © 2018 by Love To Know Corp Link/Citeallegationthe act of allegingsomething alleged; assertionan assertion made without proof Law an assertion, made in a pleading, that its maker proposes to support with evidence Origin of allegation Middle English allegacioun from Old French allegation from Classical Latin allegatio from allegare: see allege Webster's New World College Dictionary, Fifth Edition Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Link/Citeallegationnoun An assertion that someone has done something wrong, often without proof: Allegations of excessive drinking tarnished the CEO's reputation. Law An assertion that someone has engaged in an unlawful act. Origin of allegation French allégation from Latin allēgātiō allēgātiōn- from allēgātus past participle of allēgāreto dispatch, adduce ad- ad- lēgāre to depute ; see legate ."
},
{
"docid": "D3514250#0",
"title": "http://www.fpnotebook.com/neuro/Exam/InsghtAndJdgmnt.htm\nInsight and Judgement",
"text": "\"See Also Page Contents Mental Status Exam Appearance, Behavior and Attitude Exam Attention and Concentration Higher Integrative Function Executive Function Intellectual Function Thought Process Thought Content Thought Form Delusion Obsession Abstract Thought Speech Exam Affect Examination Memory Evaluation Orientation Exam Perception Exam Misperception Illusion Hallucinationadvertisement II. Exam: Judgement Judgment is an assessment of real life problem-solving skills Testing What should you do if you find a stamped (not canceled) and addressed envelope? III. Exam: Insight Insight is an understanding of their condition (including abnormal thoughts)Testing Tell me about your illness and if it is worse now? What medications are you taking? IV. References Zum, Swaminathan and Egan in Herbert (2014) EM: Rap 14 (7): 11-13Tomb (1992) Psychiatry, 4th Ed, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, p. 6-11Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing)These images are a random sampling from a Bing search on the term \"\"Insight and Judgement.\"\" Click on the image (or right click) to open the source website in a new browser window. Search Bing for all related images Related Studies (from Trip Database) Open in New Window Ontology: Judgment (C0022423)Definition (ICF) Mental functions involved in discriminating between and evaluating different options, such as those involved in forming an opinion. Definition (ICF-CY) Mental functions involved in discriminating between and evaluating different options, such as those involved in forming an opinion."
},
{
"docid": "D2500412#0",
"title": "https://www.irs.gov/irm/part20/irm_20-001-005-cont01.html\nChapter 1. Penalty Handbook",
"text": "\"Part 20. Penalty and Interest Chapter 1. Penalty Handbook Section 5. Return Related Penalties20.1.5 Return Related Penalties Manual Transmittal December 13, 2016Purpose (1) This transmits revised IRM 20.1.5, Penalty Handbook, Return-Related Penalties. Background This section provides policies and procedures for penalty applications for IRC 6662, Imposition of Accuracy-Related Penalty on Underpayments, IRC 6662A, Imposition of Accuracy-Related Penalty on Understatements With Respect to Reportable Transactions, IRC 6663, Imposition of Fraud Penalty, and IRC 6676, Erroneous Claim for Refund or Credit. Material Changes (1) Minor editorial changes have been made throughout this IRM. Web site addresses, legal references, and IRM references were reviewed and updated as necessary. ( 2) Other significant changes to this IRM include the following: Reference Description20.1.5.2.1 (9) Updated language to agree with changes resulting from the passing of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes (PATH) Act on December 18, 201520.1.5.16 (2) Updated language to agree with changes resulting from the passing of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes (PATH) Act on December 18, 201520.1.5.16 (3) Updated language to agree with changes resulting from the passing of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes (PATH) Act on December 18, 201520.1.5.16 (4) Updated language to agree with changes resulting from the passing of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes (PATH) Act on December 18, 201520.1.5.16 (5) Editorial clarification20.1.5.16 (6) Updated language to agree with changes resulting from the passing of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes (PATH) Act on December 18, 201520.1.5.16 (7) Example was added20.1.5.16 (8) Updated language to agree with changes resulting from the passing of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes (PATH) Act on December 18, 201520.1.5.16 (9) Note was added20.1.5.16.3 (1) Updated language to agree with changes resulting from the passing of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes (PATH) Act on December 18, 201520.1.5.16.3 (2) Updated language to agree with changes resulting from the passing of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes (PATH) Act on December 18, 201520.1.5.16.3 (4) Updated language to agree with changes resulting from the passing of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes (PATH) Act on December 18, 201520.1.5.16.3 (5) Updated language to agree with changes resulting from the passing of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes (PATH) Act on December 18, 201520.1.5.16.6 (6) Updated language to agree with changes resulting from the passing of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes (PATH) Act on December 18, 201520.1.5.16.3.1 (2) Updated language to agree with changes resulting from the passing of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes (PATH) Act on December 18, 201520.1.5.16.4 (2) Editorial clarification20.1.5.16.5 (15) Updated language to agree with changes resulting from the passing of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes (PATH) Act on December 18, 201520.1.5.16.6 (6) (b) Updated language to agree with changes resulting from the passing of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes (PATH) Act on December 18, 201520.1.5.16.9 (1) Updated language to agree with changes resulting from the passing of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes (PATH) Act on December 18, 201520.1.5.16.9 (2) Updated language to agree with changes resulting from the passing of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes (PATH) Act on December 18, 201520.1.5.16.9 (3) Updated language to agree with changes resulting from the passing of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes (PATH) Act on December 18, 2015Effect on Other Documents IRM 20.1.5, dated 01-24-2012, is superseded. This revision incorporates (1) examples from Chief Counsel Memorandum, Accuracy—Related Penalty on Underpayment—Frozen Refundable Tax Credits; (2) IPU 12U0725 dated March 23, 2012, and supersedes IPU 12U0995 dated May 4, 2012. Audience Small Business/Self-Employed (SB/SE), Large Business and International (LB&I), Tax Exempt and Government Entities (TE/GE), Appeals, Wage and Investment (W&I), and other employees who address accuracy-related penalties, fraud penalty, and the erroneous claim for refund or credit penalty."
},
{
"docid": "D1203702#0",
"title": "http://www.literarydevices.com/claim/\nClaim",
"text": "Definition of Claim In literature, a claim is a statement that asserts something to be true. A claim can either be factual or a judgment. Claims can work on their own or in conjunction with other claims to form a larger argument . The word claim comes from the Latin word clamare, which means “to cry out, shout.” Thus, the definition of claim comes from this idea of crying out a proposition, which can then be argued, verified, or disproved. There are many other contemporary definitions of claim, such as to assert ownership of, to have, or to call for. However, in literature, claims have a special function of presenting the author’s main ideas or opinions which he or she can later support with more evidence. Common Examples of Claim We all make claims on a nearly daily basis, if not daily. We make claims when stating our opinions or sharing facts with others. There are countless examples of claims in advertising, rhetoric, and ordinary conversations."
},
{
"docid": "D2242434#0",
"title": "https://www.16personalities.com/articles/our-theory\nOur Framework",
"text": "Our Framework Jump to: Introduction Often the very first question people ask after completing our personality test is “What do these letters mean?” We are of course referring to those mysterious acronyms like INTJ-A, ENFP-T, or ESTJ-A. As you may have already learned from the Type Descriptions or articles on the website, the five letters of these acronyms each refer to a specific trait, with certain trait combinations forming various types and type groups. But before we discuss those traits in depth, let’s explore their historical foundations. The Historical Detour Since the dawn of time, humans have drawn up schematics to describe and categorize our personalities. From the four temperaments of the ancient civilizations to the latest advances in psychology, we have been driven to fit the variables and complexities of human personality into well-defined models. Although we are still some time away from being able to do that, the current models account for our most important personality traits and can predict our behavior with a high degree of accuracy. Personality is just one of many factors that guide our behavior, however. Our actions are also influenced by our environment, our experiences, and our individual goals. On our website, we describe how people belonging to a specific personality type are likely to behave. We outline indicators and tendencies, however, not definitive guidelines or answers."
},
{
"docid": "D587330#0",
"title": "http://www.drjeanette.com/emotionalhealth.html\nWhat is Emotional Health? An Emotional Health Definition",
"text": "\"What is Emotional Health? An Emotional Health Definition Emotional Health, Emotional Wellness and Emotional Intelligence Defined by Licensed Psychologist Emotional Health Definition: Emotional health is defined by the degree to which you feel emotionally secure and relaxed in everyday life. An emotionally healthy person has a relaxed body, an open mind and an open heart. The more emotional health you have, the more self-esteem you have. This means you do not frequently react with knee jerk responses, anxiety or panic to the events that occur in your life. Instead, you are usually calm and patient with yourself and others. You are an emotionally safe person to be around because you feel emotionally secure. Emotionally safe people do not judge or criticize others. This is because they have learned not to judge and criticize themselves. Emotionally healthy people feel safe and secure with their own emotions and feelings."
},
{
"docid": "D2965588#0",
"title": "http://dictionary.reverso.net/english-definition/to%20claim%20credit%20for%20sth\nto claim credit for sth definition, to claim credit for sth meaning | English dictionary",
"text": "claimvb mainly tr1 to demand as being due or as one's property; assert one's title or right tohe claimed the record2 takes a clause as object or an infinitive to assert as a fact; maintain against denialhe claimed to be telling the truth3 to call for or need; deservethis problem claims our attention4 to takethe accident claimed four livesn5 an assertion of a right; a demand for something as due6 an assertion of something as true, real, or factualhe made claims for his innocence7 a right or just title to something; basis for demanda claim to fame8 ♦ lay claim to or stake a claim to to assert one's possession of or right to9 anything that is claimed, esp. in a formal or legal manner, such as a piece of land staked out by a miner10a a demand for payment in connection with an insurance policy, etc.b the sum of money demanded (C13: from Old French claimer to call, appeal, from Latin clamare to shout) ♦ claimable adj ♦ claimant, claimer n Particulars of Claimpl n (Law) (in England) the first reading made by the plaintiff in a county court action, showing the facts upon which he relies in support of his claim and the relief asked forreward claimn (Austral. history) a claim granted to a miner who discovered gold in a new areastatement of claimn (Law) (in England) the first pleading made by the plaintiff in a High Court action showing the facts upon which he relies in support of his claim and the relief asked for English Collins Dictionary - English Definition & Thesaurus"
}
] |
8628 | ____ is a common defense asserted in assault and battery charges.. | [
{
"docid": "D1008850#0",
"title": "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Self-Defense\nSelf-Defense",
"text": "\"Self-Defense Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia . Self-Defense The protection of one's person or property against some injury attempted by another. Self-defense is a defense to certain criminal charges as well as to some civil claims. Under both Criminal Law and Tort Law, self-defense is commonly asserted in cases of Homicide, Assault and Battery, and other crimes involving the attempted use of violence against an individual. Statutory and case law governing self-defense is generally the same in tort and criminal law. A person claiming self-defense must prove at trial that the self-defense was justified. Generally a person may use reasonable force when it appears reasonably necessary to prevent an impendinginjury. A person using force in self-defense should use only so much force as is required to repel theattack. Nondeadly force can be used to repel either a nondeadly attack or a deadly attack. Deadly Force may be used to fend off an attacker who is using deadly force but may not be used to repel an attacker who is not using deadly force."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1036101#0",
"title": "http://www.mycaliforniadefenselawyer.com/criminal-charges/assault-battery/\nCalifornia Assault & Battery Laws",
"text": "California Assault & Battery Laws Assaults are quite common but severely punished offenses in the state of California. We know that situations happen where emotions are high and mistakes are made. Often, if you are facing assault and battery charges, you are instantly treated like a criminal, without being given any benefit of the doubt. Criminal Charge in California? Please call (800) 944-8912. As a group of experienced defense attorneys, we have helped many clients just like you, charged with assault in California. We know the stress you are under and the fear of the unknown that plagues your mind when you wonder what you could be facing. Could I go to jail for assault? What will happen to me if I end up with a permanent criminal record? We understand what you are going through, and can help you face the situation with some honest answers to your questions based on extensive criminal courtroom experience."
},
{
"docid": "D875984#0",
"title": "http://www.assaultandbattery.org/south-carolina/\nSouth Carolina",
"text": "In the state of South Carolina, assault crimes are taken very seriously. If you are arrested for an assault, it’s completely normal to feel nervous about the potential outcomes. A local defense attorney can put your mind at ease as they advocate on your behalf in the S. C. criminal courts. Assault offenses in S. C. are categorized according to seriousness. The circumstances of your case including your mindset at the occurrence of the assault will play a role in how you are charged. If the alleged victim is injured, the severity of their injury also plays a role. Assault and Battery of a High and Aggravated Nature This is a battery charge, involving physical contact, which results in great bodily harm or in a manner which was likely to produce death or great bodily injury. Great bodily injury includes permanent disfigurement or loss of use of a limb. ABHAN is considered the most serious of assault charges and is a felony that carries up to 20 years in prison. First Degree Assault and Battery – Laws and Penalties This is a felony offense in South Carolina and carries a potential sentence of up to 10 years behind bars."
},
{
"docid": "D1769170#0",
"title": "http://criminal-law.freeadvice.com/criminal-law/violent_crimes/felony-child-abuse.htm\nFelony Child Abuse",
"text": "Felony Child Abuseby Free Advice staff Felony child abuse encompasses the abuse or assault of any child. When a child is negligently, recklessly, intentionally, or knowingly injured by an act or omission by any person, then that person can be charged with felony child abuse. Even if the charge could be considered a misdemeanor family violence charge, most states will allow a higher charge of felony child abuse (or injury to a child) to be filed because of a general policy interest to protect children. Felony Child Abuse Elements A person can be charged with felony child abuse when he is involved in an injury to a child. To support a felony child abuse charge, law enforcement must develop some evidence of an appropriate mental state. Mental state refers to a person’s intentions or thought processes which lead to the eventual injury of a child. The level of a felony child abuse charge will increase as the mental state increases. For example, if a person is charged with only negligent acts, he will usually be charged with a lower level felony, as opposed to a defendant who intentionally tries to hurt a child. The different mental states used in a felony child abuse charge are: negligence, recklessness, knowingly, or intentionally. The next major elements of a felony child abuse charge are child and injury."
},
{
"docid": "D1605705#0",
"title": "http://statelaws.findlaw.com/maryland-law/maryland-assault-laws.html\nMaryland Assault Laws",
"text": "Maryland Assault Laws Historically, assault has been closely associated with battery as assault often refers to threats of, or attempts to cause, physical harm to another while battery refers to actual physical harm. However, in the modern era, assault and battery are defined differently among states, with some states incorporating all related crimes under assault. That's the case in Maryland which has different degrees of assault (not battery) based on the type of harm involved. For example, while common assault or second degree assault involves threats of, or actual, offensive physical contact, first degree assault involves threats of, or actual, serious physical injury. Offensive physical contact is that which a reasonable person would find offensive while serious physical injury is defined as those which: Create a substantial risk of death; or Cause permanent or protracted serious disfigurement or functional loss or impairment of body parts or organs. The different degrees of assault can also apply based on: The identity of the victim (law enforcement officers, firefighters, parole officers - second degree felony assault);The identity of the perpetrator (inmates)Whether any weapons are used (firearms - first degree assault). Maryland Assault Laws at A Glance For more information on specific Maryland assault laws, see the chart below. Statutes Maryland Criminal Code Section 3-202 (first degree assault)Maryland Criminal Code Section 3-203 (common assault and second degree assault)Maryland Criminal Code Section 3-205 (assault by an inmate)Possible Penalties First Degree Assault: This is a felony punishable by up to 25 years in prison. Second Degree Felony Assault: This is punishable by up to 10 years in prison and up to $5,000 in fines. Second Degree Misdemeanor Assault/Assault By An Inmate: This is punishable by up to 10 years in prison and up to $2,500 in fines."
},
{
"docid": "D1588260#0",
"title": "http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-shiloh\nBattle Of Shiloh",
"text": "\"Battle Of Shiloh Information about the Battle Of Shiloh, a major Civil War Battle of the Western Theater during the American Civil War Battle Of Shiloh Summary: The Battle of Shiloh (aka Battle of Pittsburg Landing) was fought on April 6–7, 1862, in southwestern Tennessee not far from Corinth, Mississippi. General Albert Sidney Johnston, commander of Confederate forces in the Western Theater, hoped to defeat Union major general Ulysses S. Grant’s Army of the Tennessee before it could be reinforced by Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell’s Army of the Ohio, which was marching from Nashville. Battle Of Shiloh Facts Location Location: Pittsburg Landing. Hardin County, Tennessee Dates Dates: April 6-7, 1862Generals Union: Ulysses S. Grant, Army of the Tennessee, 47,700 Don Carlos Buell, Army of the Ohio, 18,000Confederate: Albert Sidney Johnston, Army of the Mississippi, 45,000 P. G. T. Beauregard (following Johnston’s death)Soldiers Engaged Union: 66,000 Confederate: 44,700Important Events & Figures Hornet’s Nest Sunken Road Peach Orchard Ruggles’s Battery Defense of Pittsburg Landing Outcome Outcome: Union Victory Battle Of Shiloh Casualties Union: 13,000 Confederate: 10,700Battle Of Shiloh Pictures Battle Of Shiloh Images, Pictures and Photos Battle Of Shiloh Pictures Battle Of Shiloh Maps Battle Of Shiloh Maps Battle Of Shiloh Articles Explore articles from the History Net archives about the Battle Of Shiloh» See all Battle Of Shiloh Articles The Battle of Shiloh Begins Johnston initiated a surprise attack on Grant’s camps around Shiloh Church and drove the Federal forces back to a defensive perimeter on the heights above Pittsburg Landing on the Tennessee River. During the afternoon, Johnston was wounded in the leg and bled to death. He was replaced by Gen. Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard, commander of the Army of the Mississippi. As darkness fell, Beauregard called a halt to the fighting and pulled his weary soldiers back from the landing, where they were being shelled by two gunboats, USS Lexington and USS Tyler. He believed Grant’s army was beaten and that Buell’s army was miles away. Buell’s men arrived and ferried across the Tennessee River during the night, and a \"\"lost\"\" division of Grant’s army under Maj."
},
{
"docid": "D3027660#0",
"title": "http://nationalparalegal.edu/public_documents/courseware_asp_files/criminalLaw/otherAgainsPersons/AssaultandBattery.asp\nAssault and Battery",
"text": "Assault and Battery Terms: Battery: A harmful or offensive contact that is unlawful and not consented to by the victim. Criminal Assault: The reasonable apprehension of an immediate battery or an attempt to commit a battery. A criminal battery is an unlawful use of force against another person. The actus reus of battery is simply using the force. Please note that the defendant does not actually have to injure the victim in order to be convicted of criminal battery. Further, the force does not necessarily have to be applied directly by the defendant. Rather, the force can be applied indirectly, as in a situation where the defendant forces someone else to do the touching or the touching is committed as the result of a force that the defendant sets in motion. For example: Pedro throws a baseball at Nomar which hits Nomar in the head. In this situation, Pedro has not actually touched Nomar. However, he has indirectly touched Nomar because the touching was committed by a force, the baseball, that Pedro set in motion."
},
{
"docid": "D912987#0",
"title": "http://www.lacriminaldefensepartners.com/california-domestic-battery-domestic-violence-laws/\n7 Things You Need To Know About âDomestic Batteryâ",
"text": "In California, there are three types of domestic violence crimes that you can be charged with. Aggravated Domestic Battery,Corporal Injury To A Spouse or Co-Habitant And “Domestic Battery” pursuant to Penal Code Section 243 (e) (1) which is the least serious one of the three. Below Are 7 Things You Need To Know About Domestic Battery. List Of Information Overview of Penal Code 243 (e) (1)Domestic Battery vs. Domestic Violence How Does The Prosecutor Prove The Charge Legal Defenses Penalties For Domestic Battery Related Offenses How We Can Help Request A Free Consultation Overview of Penal Code 243 (e) (1)California Penal Code Section 243 (e) (1) — California’s law on domestic battery – defines this offense as a “battery” committed against a person with whom you have an intimate relationship. 1. Example James and Kathy were having a fight and Kathy told James that she hates him and never wants to see him again. She then used the palm of her hand to push him away without applying much force. Even though James suffered no injury, Kathy can be charged with domestic battery under Penal Code Section 243 (e) (1) pc, because even the slightest touching can be enough to commit a battery if it is done in a rude or angry way. Making contact with another person, including through his or her clothing, is enough. The touching does not have to cause pain or injury of any kind."
},
{
"docid": "D698053#0",
"title": "https://criminal-law.freeadvice.com/criminal-law/violent_crimes/domestic-battery-charges.htm\nDomestic Battery Charges",
"text": "\"Domestic Battery Chargesby Free Advice staff Domestic battery charges start with a basic assault or battery allegation . The charge is also called domestic violence, domestic abuse, or assault family violence. Even though very similar to a regular criminal battery allegation, domestic battery charges can result in more severe consequences. Someone facing domestic battery charges should understand the charge, defenses, and consequences before accepting a plea bargain. Understanding the Domestic Battery Charge Like the name suggests, domestic battery charges first start with an assault or battery. A heated argument is not enough. Domestic battery charges must include proof of some type of assault, or physical contact, that resulted in the victim experiencing pain. If the victim wasn’t physically touched or did not feel any pain as the result of a touch, then the charges never expand to the second element. The second element requires proof of a domestic relationship between the victim and the defendant. The term domestic relationship can be very narrow or broad, depending on the state's definition of domestic."
},
{
"docid": "D3265781#0",
"title": "https://criminal-law.freeadvice.com/criminal-law/violent_crimes/assault_battery.htm\nWhat is the difference between assault and battery?",
"text": "What is the difference between assault and battery?by Free Advice staff In some jurisdictions assault is defined as the threat of bodily harm that reasonably causes fear of harm in the victim while battery is the actual physical impact on another person. If the victim has not actually been touched, but only threatened (or someone attempted to touch them), then the crime is assault. If the victim has been touched in a painful, harmful, violent, or offensive way by the person committing the crime, this might be battery. Even a minor touching can qualify as batter providing it is painful, harmful, or offensive to the victim. Assault and Battery Across Jurisdictions In certain jurisdictions, assault and battery are often paired together as one offense. The reason for this is, when someone commits battery they usually have the intent to harm, and threaten the person before committing the physical act. There will also be different degrees of battery including first degree, second degree, and third degree. Each degree describes how serious the crime may be. In other jurisdictions, assault is defined in broader terms as any intentional physical contact with an individual without their consent. In these states, the definition of assault encompasses the definition of battery of other jurisdictions."
},
{
"docid": "D1605701#0",
"title": "https://ricelawmd.com/1st-2nd-degree-assault-in-maryland/\nMaryland 1st & 2nd Degree Assault Lawyer",
"text": "Maryland 1st & 2nd Degree Assault Lawyer What are the different types of assault and battery crimes in Maryland? Under Maryland criminal law, there are two types of assault one can be charged with in Maryland: First degree assault, and Second degree assault Second degree assault on a police officer. If you’ve been charged with assault, there is likely a defense to the crime. Maryland assault lawyer Randolph Rice has defended hundreds of clients charged with first and second degree assault in Maryland. Avoiding jail, fines and probation by winning with a “not guilty” verdict if the goal in almost every case. Since assault charges are very technical and rely on substantial evidence to prove, there are various defenses that can be presented to increase the likelihood of success at trial. If charged with assault in Maryland, contact attorney Randolph Rice, to schedule a free legal consultation at (410) 288-2900 or email him for immediate help. In Maryland, including Baltimore County, Baltimore City, Harford County, Howard County, Anne Arundel County, Carroll County, Cecil County and Worcester County ( Ocean City and Snow Hill ), the assault & battery statutes are contained in Title 3 of the Maryland Criminal Code. The subsections of the Maryland assault & battery title contain the following crimes: Assault in the first degree;Assault in the second degree;Assault in the second degree on a law enforcement officer or police officer;Reckless endangerment;Attempted poising;Common Assault Questions Maryland residents and individuals charged in Maryland with assault have a lot of questions, here are some of the most common questions and answers we hear from our clients: How to get second degree assault charges dropped? What are the Maryland assault laws?"
},
{
"docid": "D720545#0",
"title": "https://criminal-law.freeadvice.com/criminal-law/violent_crimes/aggravated_assault.htm\nWhat is aggravated assault?",
"text": "What is aggravated assault?by Free Advice staff Aggravated assault is an attempt to cause serious bodily injury to another or to cause serious bodily injury purposely, knowingly or recklessly, with an extreme indifference to the value of human life. Aggravated assault also occurs when a person attempts to cause or purposely or knowingly causes bodily injury to another with a deadly weapon. In all jurisdictions, statutes punish aggravated assaults, such as assault with the intent to murder, rob, kill, or rape, as well as assault with a dangerous or deadly weapon, more severely than simple assaults. Aggravated vs. Simple Assault As opposed to aggravated assault, a simple assault (also just assault) is any willful attempt or threat to inflict injury upon the person of another. What this means is, an assault may be committed without actually touching, striking, or doing bodily harm to the person of another. An intentional display of force that would give the other person reason to fear or expect bodily harm constitutes assault. For example, if an individual threatens another while holding up his or her fist, this is probably simple assault. However, if the assailant has a deadly weapon while threatening injury upon another, this would most likely elevate the charge to aggravated assault. Deadly weapons are weapons that may be used to cause a serious or fatal injury. Deadly weapons include guns and knives, but can also include other instruments that, under normal circumstances, wouldn’t be considered deadly weapons."
},
{
"docid": "D2942391#0",
"title": "http://criminal-law.freeadvice.com/criminal-law/violent_crimes/criminal-battery.htm\nCriminal Battery Charges",
"text": "Criminal Battery Chargesby Free Advice staff Criminal battery is any touching that causes another pain. Because many criminal battery charges are classified as misdemeanor offenses, a large number of defendants show up to court and accept a plea bargain, as long as the plea involves probation or time-served provision. Before a defendant accepts a plea bargain, he should be aware of the nature of a criminal battery charge, possible defenses, and the consequences of a criminal battery conviction. What Is Criminal Battery? Criminal battery is a very broad term for a classification of offensive physical contact. Many states use the term interchangeably with other terms like assault, battery, and domestic violence. In order to qualify as a criminal battery, law enforcement must first show that a battery occurred. Words alone do not constitute a criminal battery charge. Battery requires a defendant to have physical contact with the victim. The touch can be a slight push, a slap, or swipe with a flyswatter."
},
{
"docid": "D1488838#0",
"title": "http://www.noonancriminaldefense.com/assault-battery/assault-and-battery-on-person-over-age-60.html\nAssault and Battery on Person Over Age 60",
"text": "Assault and Battery on Person Over Age 60Brockton Assault and Battery Criminal Defense Attorneys There are three degrees for which a person can be charged for assaulting an elderly person: Simple assault and battery on a person over age 60, Assault and battery upon a person over age 60 causing bodily injury, Assault and battery on a person over age 60 or disabled person that causes serious bodily injury. Depending on how you are charged you could be sentenced to up to 10 years in prison. Any assault and battery conviction will remain on a public criminal record and can lead to job loss, difficulties in finding employment or educational opportunities. Assault and battery is a serious offense and the prosecutor will work hard to prove your guilt. In most cases involving assault charges, the prosecutor will also seek the maximum punishment possible. For the best possible outcome, you need a criminal defense attorney who has experience in cases involving assault and battery charges; an attorney who will take the time to investigate your case and prepare a strong defense in your favor. No matter where you are located, we are just a phone call away. Call our Brockton Assault and Battery Defense Lawyers to schedule a free no-obligation case review and consultation at (508) 584-6955 and you will have taken your first step to find out how best to confront this important matter. You can also click here to use our Free Case Evaluation Form. Criminal Penalties For Assault and Battery on Person Over Age 60Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 265, Section 13K defines the crime of assault and battery upon an elderly person."
},
{
"docid": "D1526248#0",
"title": "http://criminal-law.freeadvice.com/criminal-law/violent_crimes/aggravated_assault.htm\nWhat is aggravated assault?",
"text": "What is aggravated assault?by Free Advice staff Aggravated assault is an attempt to cause serious bodily injury to another or to cause serious bodily injury purposely, knowingly or recklessly, with an extreme indifference to the value of human life. Aggravated assault also occurs when a person attempts to cause or purposely or knowingly causes bodily injury to another with a deadly weapon. In all jurisdictions, statutes punish aggravated assaults, such as assault with the intent to murder, rob, kill, or rape, as well as assault with a dangerous or deadly weapon, more severely than simple assaults. Aggravated vs. Simple Assault As opposed to aggravated assault, a simple assault (also just assault) is any willful attempt or threat to inflict injury upon the person of another. What this means is, an assault may be committed without actually touching, striking, or doing bodily harm to the person of another. An intentional display of force that would give the other person reason to fear or expect bodily harm constitutes assault. For example, if an individual threatens another while holding up his or her fist, this is probably simple assault. However, if the assailant has a deadly weapon while threatening injury upon another, this would most likely elevate the charge to aggravated assault. Deadly weapons are weapons that may be used to cause a serious or fatal injury. Deadly weapons include guns and knives, but can also include other instruments that, under normal circumstances, wouldn’t be considered deadly weapons."
},
{
"docid": "D3239520#0",
"title": "http://www.mymassachusettsdefenselawyer.com/massachusetts-criminal-charges/indecent-assault-battery/\nIndecent Assault and Battery",
"text": "Indecent Assault and Battery Being accused of a serious and embarrassing crime like indecent assault and battery might just be the worst day of your life. Criminal Charge in Massachusetts? Call Attorney Russell Matson at (781) 817-6332. And it isn’t just embarrassing, it’s also extremely frightening. You are understandably extremely concerned about what could happen to do. Could I go to jail? Could I end up as a registered sex offender? These questions don’t have simple answers, it really depends on the seriousness of the alleged incident and a number of other factors. The risks are real, but the good news is that we have been able to help people avoid these worst outcomes. We can give you specific advice in a free and confidential criminal case evaluation."
},
{
"docid": "D3388283#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whistleblower_protection_in_United_States\nWhistleblower protection in the United States",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Whistleblower protection in United States)navigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( December 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Federal government of the United States 's whistleblower awareness poster A whistleblower is a person who exposes any kind of information or activity that is deemed illegal, unethical, or not correct within an organization that is either private or public. The Whistleblower Protection Act was made into federal law in the United States in 1989. It was made to protect federal whistleblowers who work for the government and report agency misconduct. Whistleblower protection laws and regulations guarantee freedom of speech for workers and contractors in certain situations. Whistleblowers have the right to file complaints that they believe are reasonable evidences of a violation of a law, rule or regulation; gross mismanagement; gross waste of funds; an abuse of authority; or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety. Contents [ hide ]1 Law1.1 Public law1.1.1 Administrative1.1.2 Criminal1.1.3 State law1.1.4 U. S. labor law and policy1.1.5 Supreme Court2 Disclosing misconduct, free speech and retaliation3 Acts3.1 False Claims Act of 18633.2 Lloyd–La Follette Act of 19123.3 Freedom of Information Act of 19663.4 Civil Service Reform Act of 19783.5 Ethics in Government Act of 19783.6 Whistleblower Protection Act of 19893.7 No FEAR Act of 20023.8 Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 20024 National security protections5 Reporting5.1 Federal workers5.2 Private companies and non-profit organizations5.3 Unionization5.4 Labor disputes5.5 Grievances5.6 Meetings6 Exemptions and limitations to whistleblower protections7 See also8 References9 External links Law [ edit]The law covering whistleblowers falls under the category of Public law. Public law [ edit]Public law is law that governs the relationship between people and the State, and it is composed of three types: constitutional law, criminal law, and administrative law."
},
{
"docid": "D3464483#0",
"title": "http://caselaw.findlaw.com/fl-district-court-of-appeal/1600059.html\nGARRETT v. STATE",
"text": "Find Law Caselaw Florida FL Dist. Ct. App. GARRETT v. STATEGARRETT v. STATEReset AAFont size: Print Wilso N GARRETT, Petitioner, v. STATE of Florida, Respondent. No. 1D11–5357. Decided: April 27, 2012Richard A. Greenberg of Rumberger, Kirk & Caldwell, P. A., Tallahassee; Michael Ufferman of the Michael Ufferman Law Firm, P. A., Tallahassee, for Petitioner. Pamela Jo Bondi, Attorney General, and Samuel A. Perrone, Assistant Attorney General, Tallahassee, for Respondent. This petition for writ of prohibition challenges the denial of a motion for discharge based on a violation of the speedy trial rule. For the reasons that follow, we grant the petition."
},
{
"docid": "D54500#0",
"title": "http://cmcdefense.com/blog/jail-assault-on-a-minor/\nJail Sentencing for Assault on a Minor",
"text": "There are three forms of assault that can be punishable in a court of a law: common assault, criminal assault, or aggravated assault. Common assault is almost any behavior that can be judged as offensive or threatening, which is done with the volition to harm someone else but fails in physical harm. For instance, if you try to hit someone with a punch, a kick, or an object and miss, you have committed a common attack against them. Even though no physical harm was done, the failure to commit a criminal attack may still be prosecuted as a common one. Criminal assault is associated with battery and is harmful, physical contact, which has resulted in another person’s injury. For instance, punching, kicking, or using an object whether by striking or throwing are forms of battery as long as the victim has been physically harmed. Aggravated assault is where the offender uses a foreign object as a weapon and injures his or her victim severely, which goes beyond the normalcy of a common criminal strike. Facing charges for assaulting a minor? Contact our assault lawyers for a free case evaluation. Jail-time and high monetary fines are common reprimands for a conviction, especially if the endangerment involves a minor."
},
{
"docid": "D653732#0",
"title": "http://www.massdui.com/assault-and-battery/\nAssault and Battery",
"text": "Assault and Battery If you are charged with Assault and Battery, please contact us to speak with my associate, Henry Fasoldt, Senior Trial Attorney at the Law Offices of Russell Matson. Henry has a lot of experience and success with assault cases and defending other related criminal offenses. Our criminal defense web site for misdemeanor and felony criminal charges is www. My Massachusetts Defense Lawyer.com. Don’t plead guilty on a Massachusetts Assault and Battery charge without getting a consultation from an criminal defense lawyer who knows how to beat these charges. The Law Offices of Russell J Matson, PC works exclusiving on drunk driving defense, criminal defense, and driving law cases. Mr. Matson has concentrated his practice in the area of drunk driving defense, and is dedicating his practice to protecting his clients rights on those charges. CHAPTER 265. CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON Chapter 265: Section 13A Assault or assault and battery; punishment Section 13A. (a) Whoever commits an assault or an assault and battery upon another shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than 21/2 years in a house of correction or by a fine of not more than $1,000. A summons may be issued instead of a warrant for the arrest of any person upon a complaint for a violation of any provision of this subsection if in the judgment of the court or justice receiving the complaint there is reason to believe that he will appear upon a summons. ("
},
{
"docid": "D748313#0",
"title": "http://www.urbelislaw.com/assault-and-battery-with-a-dangerous-weapon-abdw.html\nAssault and Battery with a Dangerous Weapon (ABDW) and Aggravated ABDW",
"text": "\"Assault and Battery with a Dangerous Weapon (ABDW) and Aggravated ABDWMassachusetts Assault and Battery with a Dangerous Weapon In Massachusetts, under MGL c. 265 s. 15A, assault and battery with a dangerous weapon is a felony which carries up to 10 years in state prison and $5,000 fine. The term \"\"dangerous weapon\"\" is very broad. I have seen this charge arise from stabbing someone with a knife, to attempting to hit someone with a car, to throwing a drink in someone's face. The facts and circumstances of each case must be thoroughly investigated. Very often, the prosecution relies solely on the testimony of the alleged victim. If the victim is unavailable or unwilling to testify on the day of trial, there may be grounds for dismissal. However, it is not the alleged victim's decision as to whether or not the case moves forward. If the prosecution believes that it has a strong enough case without the testimony of the alleged victim, then it will proceed with the testimony of other witnesses, physical evidence, pictures, or any other evidence to prove its case, even if doing so is against the wishes of the person you are accused of harming. Also, if you are charged with this offense and the court determines that you have tried to prevent one of the witnesses from testifying, or event discussed the case with the alleged victim, you could face an addition charge of witness intimidation. It is important that you not discuss the case with law enforcement, friends, and especially your accuser, without first speaking with a criminal defense attorney."
}
] |
8630 | ____ is a markup language rather than a programming language. | [
{
"docid": "D3146346#0",
"title": "http://www.expression-web-tutorials.com/learning-html.html\nLearning HTML - HyperText Markup Language",
"text": "\"Learning HTML - Hyper Text Markup Language Microsoft Expression Web is a professional Web design tool that is designed to create standards-based Web sites. The following skills are required in order to use Microsoft Expression Web successfully: XHTML / HTMLCascading Style Sheets (CSS) for styling page elements CSS for page layout You can read more about Prerequisites for Using Microsoft Expression Web from Microsoft. What is HTML? HTML stands for H yper T ext M arkup L anguage and is a language for describing web pages. HTML is a markup language rather than a programming language and makes use of HTML tags to structure the content of your web pages. Is there a difference between HTML and XHTML? XHTML is more choosy than HTML in that there are some elements that absolutely must appear in the XHTML markup, but which may be omitted if you’re using HTML 4 and earlier versions. If you would like more information on these differences see: HTML vs XHTML by W3schools HTML Versus XHTML by Site Point By default, Expression Web uses XHTML markup!If you want to successfully work with Expression Web AND be able to troubleshoot your pages, you will need a good working knowledge of the basic HTML tags you will use to build your web pages. HTML Tags HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html> and normally come in pairs <html> </html>. The first tag of the pair is the opening or start tag, the next one the closing or end tag. Listed below are ONLY a few of the tags you will need to learn about in order to work on structuring your web pages.<body> tag The <body> tag defines the document's body and contains contains all the contents of an HTML document, such as text, hyperlinks, images, tables, lists, etc."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1023059#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASP.NET\nASP.NET",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Not to be confused with UNESCO ASPNet. ASP. NETDeveloper (s) Microsoft Initial release January 5, 2002; 16 years ago Stable release 4.7.1 / October 17, 2017; 5 months ago [1]Development status Succeeded by ASP. NET Core Written in . NET languages Operating system Microsoft Windows, Linux and mac OSType Web application framework License Apache 2.0Website asp .net ASP. NETFilename extension .aspx, .cshtml, .vbhtml Internet media type text/html Developed by Microsoft ASP. NET is an open-source [2] server-side web application framework designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. It was developed by Microsoft to allow programmers to build dynamic web sites, web applications and web services. It was first released in January 2002 with version 1.0 of the . NET Framework, and is the successor to Microsoft's Active Server Pages (ASP) technology."
},
{
"docid": "D1215711#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML\nXHTML",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search XHTMLFilename extension .xhtml, .xht, .xml, .html, .htm Internet media type application/xhtml+xml Developed by World Wide Web Consortium Initial release 26 January 2000Latest release 5.0 (28 October 2014; 3 years ago)Type of format Markup language Extended from XML, HTMLStandard W3C HTML5 (Recommendation)Open format? Yes HTMLHTML Dynamic HTML HTML5audiocanvas video XHTMLBasic Mobile Profile C-HTMLHTML elementspan and div HTML attribute HTML frame HTML editor Character encodings Unicode Language code Document Object Model Browser Object Model Style sheets CSSFont family Web colors HTML scripting Java Script Web GL Web CLW3CValidator WHATWG Quirks mode Web storage Web browser (layout) engine Comparisons Document markup languages Web browsers HTML Non-standard HTML HTML5canvasmedia XHTML1.1v t e Extensible Hypertext Markup Language ( XHTML) is part of the family of XML markup languages. It mirrors or extends versions of the widely used Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), the language in which Web pages are formulated. While HTML, prior to HTML5, was defined as an application of Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), a flexible markup language framework, XHTML is an application of XML, a more restrictive subset of SGML. XHTML documents are well-formed and may therefore be parsed using standard XML parsers, unlike HTML, which requires a lenient HTML-specific parser. [ 1]XHTML 1.0 became a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Recommendation on January 26, 2000. XHTML 1.1 became a W3C Recommendation on May 31, 2001. The standard known as XHTML5 is being developed as an XML adaptation of the HTML5 specification. [ 2] [3]Contents1 Overview1.1 Motivation1.2 Relationship to HTML1.3 Adoption1.4 Criticism2 Versions of XHTML2.1 XHTML 1.02.2 Modularization of XHTML2.3 XHTML 1.1: Module-based XHTML2.4 XHTML Basic2.4.1 XHTML-Print2.5 XHTML Mobile Profile2.5.1 XHTML Mobile Profile 1.12.5.2 XHTML Mobile Profile 1.22.5.3 XHTML Mobile Profile 1.32.6 XHTML 1.22.7 XHTML 2.02.8 XHTML53 Semantic content in XHTML4 Valid XHTML documents4.1 Root element4.2 DOCTYPEs4.3 XML declaration4.4 Common errors5 Backward compatibility5.1 Examples6 Cross-compatibility of XHTML and HTML7 See also8 References9 External links Overview [ edit]XHTML 1.0 is \"\"a reformulation of the three HTML 4 document types as applications of XML 1.0\"\". [ 4] The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) also continues to maintain the HTML 4.01 Recommendation, and the specifications for HTML5 and XHTML5 are being actively developed."
},
{
"docid": "D911386#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_InDesign\nAdobe InDesign",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Adobe In Design Adobe In Design CS6 running on OS XDeveloper (s) Adobe Systems Initial release August 31, 1999Stable release CC 2018 (13.1.0.76) / March 13, 2018Written in C++ [1]Operating system Windows, mac OSAvailable in 24 languages [2] [ show] List of languages Type Desktop publishing License Trialware Website adobe .com /products /indesign /Adobe In Design is a desktop publishing software application produced by Adobe Systems. It can be used to create works such as posters, flyers, brochures, magazines, newspapers, presentations, books and ebooks. In Design can also publish content suitable for tablet devices in conjunction with Adobe Digital Publishing Suite. Graphic designers and production artists are the principal users, creating and laying out periodical publications, posters, and print media. It also supports export to EPUB and SWF formats to create e-books and digital publications, including digital magazines, and content suitable for consumption on tablet computers. In addition, In Design supports XML, style sheets, and other coding markup, making it suitable for exporting tagged text content for use in other digital and online formats. The Adobe In Copy word processor uses the same formatting engine as In Design. Contents [ hide ]1 History1.1 In Design and Leopard1.2 Server version2 File format3 Versions4 Internationalization and localization5 User groups6 See also7 References8 External links History [ edit]In Design is the successor to Adobe Page Maker, which was acquired by Adobe with the purchase of Aldus in late 1994. ( Freehand, a competitor to Adobe Illustrator and also made by Aldus, was sold to Altsys, the maker of Fontographer.) By 1998 Page Maker had lost almost the entire professional market to the comparatively feature-rich Quark XPress 3.3, released in 1992, and 4.0, released in 1996."
},
{
"docid": "D2486938#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070926050829AAmsycl\nWhat are the differences between scripting languages and programming languages?",
"text": "\"Computers & Internet Programming & Design What are the differences between scripting languages and programming languages? Follow 6 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Scripting languages are languages that allow you to send commands directly to a system that executes these commands. These commands are read line by line and executed. An error is issued when a line cannot be executed for any reasn (wrong syntax, illegal operation,...). e.g. Python, shell-script, Matlab Programming languages are languages that allow you to create a program by writing structured code that is read all at once by the system, checked for errors, and translated into an unreadable format that the machine can then execute. e.g. Java, C/C++, Visual Basic... Programming languages are generally faster in execution than scripting languages but are often more difficult to use and have more rigid syntax. You can generally use either of them to do pretty much anything, though each is more suited for specific applications. Khaled · 1 decade ago2 0 Comment The short answer: These days, the line between a scripting language and a programming language is blurred. As such, in practical application, the differences are meaningless. So the answer is: no."
},
{
"docid": "D198358#0",
"title": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/glossary-135216.html\n",
"text": "\"Glossary Note For simplicity, the Java programming language is called Java in the rest of this document. A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | ZAabstract A Java keyword used in a class definition to specify that a class is not to be instantiated, but rather inherited by other classes. An abstract class can have abstract methods that are not implemented in the abstract class, but in subclasses.abstract class A class that contains one or more abstract methods, and therefore can never be instantiated. Abstract classes are defined so that other classes can extend them and make them concrete by implementing the abstract methods.abstract method A method that has no implementation. Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT)A collection of graphical user interface (GUI) components that were implemented using native-platform versions of the components. These components provide that subset of functionality which is common to all native platforms. Largely supplanted by the Project Swing component set. See also Swing.access control The methods by which interactions with resources are limited to collections of users or programs for the purpose of enforcing integrity, confidentiality, or availability constraints. ACIDThe acronym for the four properties guaranteed by transactions: atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability.actual parameter list The arguments specified in a particular method call. See also formal parameter list."
},
{
"docid": "D2519888#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_HTML\nSemantic HTML",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Semantic markup\"\" redirects here. For more general usage, see separation of content and presentation. For semantics in programming languages, see Semantics (computer science). Semantic HTML is the use of HTML markup to reinforce the semantics, or meaning, of the information in webpages and web applications rather than merely to define its presentation or look. Semantic HTML is processed by traditional web browsers as well as by many other user agents. CSS is used to suggest its presentation to human users. As an example, recent HTML standards discourage use of the element i ( italic, a typeface) [1] in preference of more accurate elements such as em (emphasis); the CSS stylesheet should then specify whether emphasis is denoted by an italic font, a bold font, underlining, slower or louder audible speech etc. This is because italics are used for purposes other than emphasis, such as citing a source; for this, HTML 4 provides the element cite. [ 2] Another use for italics is foreign phrases or loanwords; web designers may use built-in XHTML language attributes [3] or specify their own semantic markup by choosing appropriate names for the class attribute values of HTML elements (e.g. class=\"\"loanword\"\" ). Marking emphasis, citations and loanwords in different ways makes it easier for web agents such as search engines and other software to ascertain the significance of the text."
},
{
"docid": "D1649278#0",
"title": "https://www.data.gov/developers/blog/primer-machine-readability-online-documents-and-data\nA Primer on Machine Readability for Online Documents and Data",
"text": "A Primer on Machine Readability for Online Documents and Data September 24, 2012 By admin Submitted by Jim Hendler, Head, Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and Theresa A. Pardo, Director, Center for Technology in Government, Associate Research Professor, Public Administration and Policy and Informatics, University at Albany, State University of New York. Government agencies are investing in strategies to increase access to information created, collected, and held by government. While these strategies typically involve placing information on the web, they sometimes exhibit a misunderstanding of the importance of providing that information in “machine readable” formats. The degree to which information is machine readable, however, is critical to meeting priorities such as open government and open data, and directly influences, and in many cases limits, the uses citizens and other interested parties can make of that information. Historically, efforts to make government information available to the public have focused on pushing static information about government programs and services to the web. The intended user has been a human who can read, print, and take actions based on reading the material or by engaging in a form-based transaction. In some cases, users were able to query the data or map the results using sophisticated geospatial displays. Access to the data itself, on the other hand, was rarely provided. This historical practice has been dictated in large part by the capabilities of familiar web technologies (such as HTML and PDF) and a narrow vision of the expected users and uses of the information. Machine readable formats expand that field of vision to new users and new uses and require technologies (such as RDF, XML, and JSON) that may be less familiar in this context, but are still proven and widely used in other arenas (such as web services and content management)."
},
{
"docid": "D292386#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles\nWikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia< Wikipedia: Manual of Stylenavigation search MOS: TITLE and MOS: TITLES redirect here. This material pertains to titles of works. For people's honorific and occupational titles, see WP: Manual of Style § Titles of people, and (for more details) WP: Manual of Style/Biographies § Honorific titles. For complete guidance on the handling of titles of works, see further detail at the following pages (until the material is better consolidated): WP: Article titles ( WP: TITLE, WP: TITLES) for the policy on what a title should be, i.e. the name chosen to indicate what an article is about and to distinguish it from other articles WP: Manual of Style § Titles of works (which summarizes the key points)WP: Manual of Style § Italics §§ Titles and WP: Manual of Style/Text formatting § Names and titles (both summarize details provided on the page below)WP: Manual of Style § Punctuation §§ Quotation marks §§§ Names and titles (summarizes details provided on the page below)WP: Manual of Style/Lists of works WP: Manual of Style/Music § Capitalization This guideline is a part of the English Wikipedia's Manual of Style. It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow, though it is best treated with common sense, and occasional exceptions may apply. Any substantive edit to this page should reflect consensus. When in doubt, discuss first on the talk page. Shortcuts MOS: TITLEWP: MOSTITLEMOS: TWP: MOSTManual of Style (Mo S)Content [show]Formatting [show]Images [show]Layout [show]Lists [show]Legal [show]By topic area [show]Related guidelines [show]Overview Contents Tipsv t e This part of the Manual of Style covers title formats and style for works of art or artifice, such as capitalization and italics versus quotation marks. Contents [ hide ]1 Italics1.1 Major works1.2 Similar cases1.3 Link formatting1.4 Italicizing Wikipedia article titles2 Quotation marks2.1 Minor works2.2 Additional markup3 Neither3.1 Scripture3.2 Series titles4 Punctuation5 Capital letters6 Indefinite and definite articles7 Translations8 Typographic effects9 Abbreviation of long titles10 Notes Italics [ edit]See also: Wikipedia: Article titles § Italics and other formatting, and Wikipedia: Manual of Style/Text formatting § Italic face It has been suggested that portions of Wikipedia: Manual of Style/Text formatting (parts of the sections #Composition titles and #When not to use italics ) be split from it and merged into this section. ( Discuss) (August 2016)Italic type ( text like this, marked up with pairs of apostrophes as ''text like this'') should be used for the following types of names and titles, or abbreviations thereof: Major works [ edit]Shortcuts MOS: MAJORWORKMOS: ITALICTITLEAudio albums (musical or spoken-word)Books, multi-volume works (e.g. encyclopedias), and booklets Non-generic names of major independent compositions (see Wikipedia: Naming conventions (music) § Definitions – italics for more detail) : Musicals, operas, operettas and other self-contained pieces of musical theatre Named oratorios, cantatas, motets, orchestral works, and other compositions beyond the scope of a single song or dance: Symphony No."
},
{
"docid": "D842776#0",
"title": "http://www.htmlgoodies.com/beyond/xml/article.php/3473531\nWhat is XML?",
"text": "\"Post a comment Email Article Print Article Share Articles What is XML? By Joe Burns WEBINAR: Live Application Security Testing: An Integral Part of Dev Ops Date: 4/17/2018 @ 1 p.m. ETWatch →Tweet Use these to jump around or read it all... [ Okay, What Is It?] [ DTD (Document Type Definition)] [ Making Your Own Blocks] [ So, What's Wrong With HTML?] [ Two Kinds of XML Pages] [ Creating the DTD] [ Is There More?] [ So, Now What? ] The buzz-word \"\"XML\"\" is beginning to pop up all over the Net, and in the Goodies e-mail box. People are wondering what this new language is and how it's going to effect the way people write. To be honest, I was wondering the same thing until I started looking into it. Avid readers of HTML Goodies already know that XML is mentioned in two other tutorials (as of 5/11/98): HTML 4.0 and the Active Channel Tutorial. The language is starting to make a few in-roads into the Web and that makes a few people nervous."
},
{
"docid": "D2313558#0",
"title": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/uwp/porting/getting-started-choosing-a-programming-language\nGetting started: Choosing a programming language",
"text": "\"Docs Windows UWP Develop Porting apps to Windows 10Getting started: Choosing a programming language February 8, 2017 3 minutes to read Contributors In this article Choosing a programming language Giving C# a go Next step Choosing a programming language Before we go any further, you should know about the programming languages that you can choose from when you develop Universal Windows Platform (UWP) apps. Although the walkthroughs in this article use C#, you can develop UWP apps using one or more programming languages (see Languages, tools and frameworks ). You can develop using C++, C#, Microsoft Visual Basic, and Java Script. Java Script uses HTML5 markup for UI layout, and the other languages use a markup language called Extensible Application Markup Language (XAML) to describe their UI. Although we're focusing on C# in this article, the other languages offer unique benefits, which you may want to explore. For example, if your app's performance is a primary concern, especially for intensive graphics, then C++ might be the right choice. The Microsoft . NET version of Visual Basic is great for Visual Basic app developers. Java Script with HTML5 is great for those coming from a web development background. For more info, see one of the following: Create your first UWP app using C++Create your first UWP app using C# or Visual Basic Create your first UWP app using Java Script Note For apps that use 3D graphics, the Open GL and Open GL ES standards are not natively available for UWP apps."
},
{
"docid": "D992880#0",
"title": "http://helpdeskgeek.com/how-to/change-e-mail-messages-to-plain-text-format-in-windows-live-mail/\nChange E-mail Messages to Plain Text Format in Windows Live Mail",
"text": "Change E-mail Messages to Plain Text Format in Windows Live Mail Most modern e-mail programs offer you the opportunity to format the message in either rich text (HTML) or plain text. Although it may seem trivial, the choice you make may determine whether your recipients can read your e-mail. Learn how to change e-mail messages in Windows Live Mail from rich text (HTML) to plain text format. What is Rich Text (HTML) E-mail Format? If you are familiar with any modern word processing application, you are also familiar with the ability to markup text to be bold, italicized, underlined, subscripted, superscripted, and many others. Rich Text (HTML) works similarly in that it takes a markup language, invisible to the user, to tell the application where formatting such as italics begins and ends. E-mail functions similarly when it comes to marking up text. However, with the proliferation of mobile texting and e-mail, not all applications such as those installed in cell phones are capable of displaying all rich text (HTML) markups. E-mail messages received with this markup can become garbled or even display the markup itself within the message. The solution is to choose plain text formatting."
},
{
"docid": "D2413418#0",
"title": "http://xml.ascc.net/resource/schematron/schematron.html\nThe Schematron",
"text": "\" (If you have have news about Schematron or similar schema languages, please email Rick Jelliffe ricko (at) topologi.com News 2006November ISO Schematron now available from ISO to purchase (paper version) or online for free for limited use, under Publicly Available Specification program Schematron finds increasing use. Examples from UK include Lloyds of London insurance markets, UK Health Department, UK Police Services (more than 45 million records). Other notable adoptees include Japanese government and US ACCORD insurance. News 2005February Minor editorial corrections to ISO Schematron Committe Draft available at SCHEMATRON. COMSchematron 1.5 validation available in new Topologi Judge validation utility and Topologi Markup Editor 2.4 editor January Schematron 1.5 validation support added to Oxygen XML editor News 2004The final committee draft of ISO Schematron is now available at SCHEMATRON. COM , a website set up to provide material concerning the International Standard Schematron. Daniel Cazzulino to speak All about Schematron at Applied XML Developer's Conference (DEVCON) October Rick Jelliffe to give keynote Method and Opportunity at XML Open 2004, Cambridge University, UK, September The Committee Draft of ISO Schematron is available here in PDF. For an ASCII version, here is Google's transcription. The draft International Standard, with several improvements, is expected to be prepared and available in October 2004. The editor, Rick Jelliffe, would like to express his appreciation for the Open Source implementers who have used the drafts to implement Schematron and provide feedback, and to the reviewers from the international standards bodies for their careful scrutinization."
},
{
"docid": "D910637#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_does_the_acronym_HTML_stand_for\nWhat does the acronym HTML stand for?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Technology Computers Computer Programming Web Programming HTMLWhat does the acronym HTML stand for? Flag What does the acronym HTML stand for? Answer by Answers Publisher Confidence votes 416KHyper Text Markup Language. Note that Hypertext is written as one word, although it contains two of the initials. The acronym HTML stands for hyper text markup language. HTML can also stand for high temperature materials laboratory. Hyper text markup language is standard protocol for fixing and showing documents on the World Wide Web.2 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Jay O 2,386 Contributions In three words I can sum up everything I've learned about life: it goes on. - Robert Frost What does HTML stand for? HTML stands for H yper T ext M arkup L anguage."
},
{
"docid": "D819456#0",
"title": "http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/xml-file-case-wondering/\nWhat Is An XML File & What Are Its Uses? [In Case You Were Wondering]",
"text": "Web Culture What Is An XML File & What Are Its Uses? [ In Case You Were Wondering]Tina Sieber August 10, 2010 4 minutes What Is An XML File & What Are Its Uses? [ In Case You Were Wondering]Facebook Twitter Pinterest Stumbleupon Email Advertisement There are countless file extensions out there and new ones seem to crop up every day. When you happen to discover one you have never heard of before, I bet your initial instinct is to suspect malware, rather than being excited to find out what it is. Did you ever wonder what an XML file is? XML stands for E x tensible M arkup L anguage. A markup language is used to annotate text or add additional information. These annotations are not shown to the end-user, but are needed by the ‘machine’ to read and subsequently process the text correctly. A very well known example is HTML ( H yper T ext M arkup L anguage). Websites are coded in HTML (and other programming languages), however, you (should) never see a trace of the code."
},
{
"docid": "D1605613#0",
"title": "http://techterms.com/definition/markup_language\nMarkup Language",
"text": "\"Home : Technical Terms : Markup Language Definition Markup Language A markup language is a computer language that uses tags to define elements within a document. It is human-readable, meaning markup files contain standard words, rather than typical programming syntax. While several markup languages exist, the two most popular are HTML and XML. HTML is a markup language used for creating webpages. The contents of each webpage are defined by HTML tags. Basic page tags, such as <head>, <body>, and <div> define sections of the page, while tags such as <table>, <form>, <image>, and <a> define elements within the page. Most elements require a beginning and end tag, with the content placed between the tags. For example, a link to the Tech Terms.com home page may use the following HTML code:<a href=\"\"http://www.techterms.com\"\">Tech Terms.com</a>XML is used for storing structured data, rather than formatting information on a page. While HTML documents use predefined tags (like the examples above), XML files use custom tags to define elements. For example, an XML file that stores information about computer models may include the following section:<computer><manufacturer>Dell</manufacturer><model>XPS 17</model><components><processor>2.00 GHz Intel Core i7</processor><ram>6GB</ram><storage>1TB</storage></components></computer>XML is called the \"\"Extensible Markup Language\"\" since custom tags can be used to support a wide range of elements."
},
{
"docid": "D434999#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20060728062524AATiy57\nWhat does URL and HTML stands for ? What's the difference of two?",
"text": "\"Computers & Internet Internet What does URL and HTML stands for ? What's the difference of two? I just wan't to know this because I always see this in email and net but i don't have any idea what is all about3 following 9 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: URL is universal resource locator. It is a web address... for example... http://www.yahoo.com HTML is hypertext markup language it is used to program and design websites. If you click view then view source you can see what HTML looks like. Duds331 · 1 decade ago2 0 Comment In the same way that you write everyday things in the English language, programmers write websites in their own languages. Different languages have their different strengths and weaknesses, but one of the most basic, common, languages is called HTML. Viewing something in HTML, for example, often means seeing it the way the person who coded it wanted it to look. Many email websites like Hotmail have a built-in HTML editor that allows you to make words bold or underlined, change the colours, etc. This means you using the program to help you write your own HTML to change the look of your text."
},
{
"docid": "D826646#0",
"title": "http://web-source.net/web_design_languages.htm\nSelecting the Best Web Design Language for Your Project",
"text": "Selecting the Best Web Design Language for Your Project If you'd like to create and publish your own web site on the Internet, your first step should be to decide what type of web site you would like to create and what web design language you would like to use. Although there are several web design languages to choose from, make sure you take some time to research your options to ensure you're making the best choice for your project. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)The easiest and most popular web design language is Hypertext Markup Language, better known as HTML. This language is so simple you can type the syntax into a text editor, such as Notepad, save it with an .html extension and instantly have a web page. You can learn more about HTML here: http://www.w3schools.com/html/ Although HTML will enable you to create simple web sites, if you want something more dynamic, you'll need to look into using other languages: PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor, better known as PHP, is a highly popular, server-side scripting language that can be embedded directly into HTML coding. PHP can do anything that CGI (Common Gateway Interface) can do, such as process form data and auto generate dynamic content. However, PHP can do much more. It can be used on all major operating systems and supports most web servers. PHP's main focus is development for the web, so it has a quick development time and can solve scenarios much quicker than some of the other web design languages. You can learn more about PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor here: http://www.php.net/Cold Fusion Cold Fusion, developed by Macromedia, is used to build and serve web pages."
},
{
"docid": "D3538548#0",
"title": "https://www.scriptol.com/programming/list-programming-languages.php\nList of Programming Languages in Alphabetical Order",
"text": "\"List of Programming Languages in Alphabetical Order By Scriptol.com The list of programming languages is comprised of all languages implemented in a compiler or an interpreter, in alphabetical order. And for recent languages, there is at least one widely used program written in this language. In addition, historical languages with no compiler, but that may have influenced design of further work are included also, provided that the author of the further language has made a verifiable reference to them. Most entries in the list has a link to a website or a download page for the compiler or the interpreter. For historical languages, a link to a dedicated website or a description. Additional info such as date and type of language may be added too. Programming languages Procedural and functional languages. Markup languages and data formats XML, XAML, XUL... Database or query languages SQL and other languages. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y ZAA+. 2001 Similar to APL."
},
{
"docid": "D651004#0",
"title": "http://www.xml.com/pub/a/98/10/guide0.html?page=3\n.",
"text": "\"A Technical Introduction to XMLOctober 3, 1998Norman Walsh Author's Note: It is somewhat remarkable to think that this article, which appeared initially in the Winter 1997 edition of the World Wide Web Journal was out of date by the time the final XML Recommendation was approved in February. And even as this update brings the article back into line with the final spec, a new series of recommendations are under development. When finished, these will bring namespaces, linking, schemas, stylesheets, and more to the table. This introduction to XML presents the Extensible Markup Language at a reasonably technical level for anyone interested in learning more about structured documents. In addition to covering the XML 1.0 Specification, this article outlines related XML specifications, which are evolving. The article is organized in four main sections plus an appendix. Start Here What is XML? What's a Document? So XML is Just Like HTML? So XML Is Just Like SGML?"
},
{
"docid": "D2393#0",
"title": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/tutorials/what-is-a-file-extension/\nWhat is a File Extension?",
"text": "\"What is a File Extension? Lawrence Abrams July 17, 2012 Read 158,782 times Table of Contents What are file extensions? How to change the program associated with a file extension How malware writers use extensions to trick you into running a virus Common File Extensions Further Reading What are file extensions A file extension, or file name extension, is the letters immediately shown after the last period in a file name. For example, the file extension.txt has an extension of .txt. This extension allows the operating system to know what type of file it is and what program to run when you double-click on it. There are no particular rules regarding how an extension should be formatted other than it must begin with a period and have at least one character after it. For the most part, file extensions consist of three characters, which are typically letters or digits, that textually represent the type of file it is. Some examples of file extensions include .txt, .mp3, .jpg, and .gz, which represent text files, mp3 files, jpeg image files, and files compressed with the gzip program. As you can see, the actual extension name gives clues as to the type of file it is. When trying to determine a file's extension it is important to remember that the extension is simply the last period in a file and the characters that follow it."
}
] |
8633 | ____ is a terminal emulation protocol used to log on to remote hosts using the tcp/ip protocol suite. | [
{
"docid": "D1267153#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telnet\nTelnet",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Not to be confused with Telenet. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( April 2014) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Telnet is a protocol used on the Internet or local area networks to provide a bidirectional interactive text-oriented communication facility using a virtual terminal connection. User data is interspersed in-band with Telnet control information in an 8-bit byte oriented data connection over the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Telnet was developed in 1969 beginning with RFC 15, extended in RFC 854, and standardized as Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Internet Standard STD 8, one of the first Internet standards. The name stands for \"\" tel etype net work\"\". [ 1] [2]Historically, Telnet provided access to a command-line interface (usually, of an operating system) on a remote host, including most network equipment and operating systems with a configuration utility (including systems based on Windows NT ). [ clarification needed] However, because of serious security concerns when using Telnet over an open network such as the Internet, its use for this purpose has waned significantly in favor of SSH."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1109594#0",
"title": "https://www.w3.org/People/Frystyk/thesis/TcpIp.html\nThe Internet Protocol Stack",
"text": "Henrik Frystyk, July 1994The Internet Protocol Stack As mentioned in the Internet Section the Internet is an abstraction from the underlying network technologies and physical address resolution. This section introduces the basic components of the Internet protocol stack and relates the stack to the ISO OSI reference protocol stack model. The model of the Internet protocol stack is illustrated in the figure below. This documents describes the various parts presented in this diagram. The upper layer protocols, e.g., FTP, Telnet, TFTP etc. are described in the Presentation Layer Protocol section. This leaves the following topics as sections in this document: Internet Protocol (IP)User Datagram Protocol (UDP)Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)Transactional Transmission Control Protocol (T/TCP)TCP/IP and OSI/RMInternet Protocol (IP)As seen in the figure above, the Internet protocol stack provides a connection oriented reliable branch (TCP) and an connectionless unreliable branch (UDP) both build on top of the Internet Protocol. The Internet Protocol layer in the TCP/IP protocol stack is the first layer that introduces the virtual network abstraction that is the basic principle of the Internet model. All physical implementation details (ideally even though this is not quite true) are hidden below the IP layer. The IP layer provides an unreliable, connectionless delivery system."
},
{
"docid": "D961282#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOCKS\nSOCKS",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the internet protocol. For other uses, see Socks (disambiguation). Internet protocol suite Application layer BGP DHCP DNS FTP HTTP IMAPLDAP MGCP MQTT NNTP NTP POPONC/RPC RTP RTSP RIP SIP SMTPSNMP SSH Telnet TLS/SSL XMPPmore... Transport layer TCP UDP DCCP SCTP RSVP more... Internet layer IPIPv4 IPv6ICMP ICMPv6 ECN IGMPIPsec more... Link layer ARP NDP OSPF Tunnels L2TPPPPMACEthernet DSL ISDN FDDImore...v t e Socket Secure ( SOCKS) is an Internet protocol that exchanges network packets between a client and server through a proxy server. SOCKS5 additionally provides authentication so only authorized users may access a server. Practically, a SOCKS server proxies TCP connections to an arbitrary IP address, and provides a means for UDP packets to be forwarded. SOCKS performs at Layer 5 of the OSI model (the session layer, an intermediate layer between the presentation layer and the transport layer ). SOCKS server accepts incoming client connection on TCP port 1080. [ 1] [2]Contents1 History2 Usage3 Use in cybercrime4 Comparison to HTTP proxying4.1 SOCKS4.2 HTTP5 Protocol5.1 SOCKS45.2 SOCKS4a5.3 SOCKS56 Software6.1 Servers6.1.1 SOCKS proxy server implementations6.1.2 Other programs providing SOCKS server interface6.2 Clients6.2.1 Proxifiers6.2.1.1 Translating proxies7 References8 External links History [ edit]The protocol was originally developed/designed by David Koblas, a system administrator of MIPS Computer Systems. After MIPS was taken over by Silicon Graphics in 1992, Koblas presented a paper on SOCKS at that year's Usenix Security Symposium, making SOCKS publicly available. [ 3] The protocol was extended to version 4 by Ying-Da Lee of NEC."
},
{
"docid": "D231941#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol\nFile Transfer Protocol",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"FTP\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see FTP (disambiguation). Internet protocol suite Application layer BGP DHCP DNS FTP HTTP IMAPLDAP MGCP MQTT NNTP NTP POPONC/RPC RTP RTSP RIP SIP SMTPSNMP SSH Telnet TLS/SSL XMPPmore... Transport layer TCP UDP DCCP SCTP RSVP more... Internet layer IPIPv4 IPv6ICMP ICMPv6 ECN IGMPIPsec more... Link layer ARP NDP OSPF Tunnels L2TPPPPMACEthernet DSL ISDN FDDImore...v t e The File Transfer Protocol ( FTP) is a standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network. FTP is built on a client-server model architecture and uses separate control and data connections between the client and the server. [ 1] FTP users may authenticate themselves with a clear-text sign-in protocol, normally in the form of a username and password, but can connect anonymously if the server is configured to allow it. For secure transmission that protects the username and password, and encrypts the content, FTP is often secured with SSL/TLS ( FTPS ). SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) is sometimes also used instead; it is technologically different. The first FTP client applications were command-line programs developed before operating systems had graphical user interfaces, and are still shipped with most Windows, Unix, and Linux operating systems. [ 2] [3] Many FTP clients and automation utilities have since been developed for desktops, servers, mobile devices, and hardware, and FTP has been incorporated into productivity applications, such as web page editors. Contents [ hide ]1 History of FTP server2 Protocol overview2.1 Communication and data transfer2.2 Login2.3 Anonymous FTP2.4 NAT and firewall traversal2.5 Differences from HTTP3 Web browser support3.1 Syntax4 Security4.1 FTP over SSH5 Derivatives5.1 FTPS5.2 SSH File Transfer Protocol5.3 Trivial File Transfer Protocol5.4 Simple File Transfer Protocol6 FTP commands7 FTP reply codes8 FTP Servers9 See also10 References11 Further reading12 External links History of FTP server [ edit]The original specification for the File Transfer Protocol was written by Abhay Bhushan and published as RFC 114 on 16 April 1971."
},
{
"docid": "D228953#0",
"title": "http://users.telenet.be/mydotcom/library/network/dostcpip.htm\nDOS TCP/IP",
"text": "\"whereami : How To ... Hacker \\ library \\ Network \\ DOS TCP/IPDOS TCP/IPDOS TCP/IP connectivity from scratch Inhoud : Introduction DOS TCP/IP on a Local Area Network Dial-up connection to the Internet with DOS TCP/IPDo It Yourself : Connecting DOS to the internet Links to further documentation, and software downloads Bonus Track : Maintaining multiple ISP accounts ... What we want to achieve is a DOS application (ftp, web browser) to communicate with an application or service on a remote computer. To do so, this application will need to be able to deliver data (bits) to the network interface card (or the serial port and then on to the modem) so that this device can send the bits to the remote computer, where -hopefully- they will be understood. We'll only discuss how to successfully send those bits to the other machine. Whether or not that machine, or the software running on that machine, will respond, and whether or not that response will be what you like it to be, is beyond the scope of this article. You can successfully send an HTTP request to a web server, but if the web page you request does not exist, ... You can successfully send a username and password to a server, but if you're not a legitimate user ... You can successfully send a request to get a cup of coffee from an ftp server, but ... In the example of the web browser : your web browser will create HTTP packets that need to be sent to the web browser. Your network card doesn't know anything about HTTP packets. Therefore, through a number of steps, each HTTP packet will be modified : bits will be added, the packet may be split into 2 ore more packets, more bits may be added, etc. until they have a format your network card can handle. ( For a little more detailed explanations, see First Steps in Networking ). This assembling and disassembling of packets is done by software, often called 'driver', 'layer' or 'interface'."
},
{
"docid": "D2297940#0",
"title": "http://www.mikeparr.info/java5th/networkprogramming/internetprinciples.html\n.",
"text": "\"Internet Principles This page reviews the central concepts of software on the internet. It briefly explains: TCP/IPUDPIP Addressesdomain namesthe domain name systemportssockets URL's TCP/IPThe Internet is the network that connects computers all over the world. It works according to a set of agreed protocols. TCP ( Transmission Control Protocol) and IP ( Internet Protocol) are the most commonly-used protocols for using the Internet. ( But there are others at lower levels.) The combination is simply known as TCP/IP. The Internet is a packet switching system. Any message is broken into packets that are transmitted independently across the interment (sometime by different routes). These packets are called datagrams. The route chosen for each datagram depends on the traffic at any point in time."
},
{
"docid": "D2041517#0",
"title": "http://mathcs.slu.edu/~chambers/spring13/443/assignments/lab03.html\nStateful Firewalls",
"text": "\"Stateful Firewalls Adapted from the lab by Peter A. H. Peterson and Dr. Peter Reiher, UCLA {pahp, reiher}@cs.ucla.edu, with Dr. Tanya Crenshaw, UP {[email protected]}Due: Tuesday, Feb. 12, by 11:59PM via email Contents Overview Required Reading Firewalls Policy Design Firewall and Network Testing Toolsiptablesnmapifconfigtelnetnetcat Assignment Instructions Setup Saving your work Restoring your work Tasks Firewall Configuration Firewall Testing Tips and Tricks Using environment variables Testing your firewall What Can Go Wrong Submission Instructions Overview The purpose of this exercise is to introduce you to filesystem and network access control schemes and the \"\"principle of least privilege\"\" through the use of POSIX filesystem permissions and iptables firewalls. After this exercise, you will:understand the basics of stateful firewallsbe able to apply that knowledge to configure a basic firewall in Linux using iptables. Required Reading Firewalls Stateless Firewalls In the late 1980s, the Internet was just beginning to grow beyond its early academic and governmental applications into the commercial and personal worlds. The Great Internet Worm in November of 1988 infected around 6,000 hosts (roughly 10% of the Internet) in the first major infection of its kind and helped to focus research and awareness on securing computers from unauthorized access. It was in this environment that the first firewalls were written about and developed at Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) and Bell Labs (AT&T). The first functional firewalls inspected individual packet headers without regard for established connections, other packets, or their contents. These kind of firewalls became known as \"\"packet filters\"\" because they literally filtered the packets one by one according to a set of criteria, not unlike a quality control inspector on an assembly line. For TCP and UDP, these criteria could be reduced essentially to the source and destination addresses and ports in the packet header. For example, a packet filter could reject or drop any packets destined for port 23 (telnet) on host 10.10.10.10 from any address other than 10.10.10.11. This kind of filter could rapidly and inexpensively inspect and classify packets without using much space (although they were not very \"\"smart\"\")."
},
{
"docid": "D1060878#0",
"title": "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa940091(v=winembedded.5).aspx\nInternet Spades",
"text": "\"Docs Previous Versions Component Help Component Help Reference Internet Spades Internet Spades April 14, 2010 2 minutes to read The Internet Spades component provides the necessary files for the Internet Spades game client portion of the Internet Games Core component. This component includes the following files and applications: Shvlzm.exe: An executable file that launches Zclientm.exe with the necessary settings to run Internet Spades Shvl.chm: A Help file for Internet Spades Shvl.dll: Game logic for Internet Spades Shvlres.dll: Resources for Internet Spades, such as art, sounds, and strings Shvlzm.exe launches the Internet Games Core component and instructs it to use the other files as the specific game help, logic, and resources. Services There are no services associated with this component. Associated Components This component requires the Internet Games Core component. Settings There are no configurable settings for this component. Last updated on Wednesday, October 18, 2006© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Share | Theme Component Help Component Help Reference Build Dialog Box. NET Framework 1.1. NET Framework 2.01394 AV/C Protocol Driver1394 Host1394 Host Debugger I/O Driver1394 Kernel Debugger Support Library1394 Net Adapter1394 Virtual Debug Driver1600SW Flat Panel32-Bit to 16-Bit Metafile Conversion Library505 Pn P506 Pn P61883 Class Bus Device61883 Class Bus Device61883 Protocol Driver Accessibility Control Panel Accessibility Core Accessibility Wizard Accessories/Communications Programs Accessories/System Tools Acm Core Codecs ACPI Fan ACPI Fixed Feature Button ACPI Multiprocessor PCACPI Power Button ACPI Sleep Button ACPI Thermal Zone ACPI Uniprocessor PCActive Directory Online Database Backup Library Active Directory Service Interface (ADSI) Core Active Directory Service Interface (ADSI) LDAP Provider Active Directory Service Interface (ADSI) Netware 3."
},
{
"docid": "D1666161#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo_%28computing%29\nEcho (computing)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For the computer command-line interpreter command named echo, see echo (command). In computer telecommunications, echo is the display or return of sent data at or to the sending end of a transmission. Echo can be either local echo, where the sending device itself displays the sent data, or remote echo, where the receiving device returns the sent data that it receives to the sender (which is of course simply no local echo from the point of view of the sending device itself). [ 1] [2] That latter, when used as a form of error detection to determine that data received at the remote end of a communications line are the same as data sent, is also known as echoplex, echo check, or loop check. When two modems are communicating in echoplex mode, for example, the remote modem echoes whatever it receives from the local modem. [ 3] [4] [5] [6] [7]Contents [ hide ]1 Terminological confusion: echo is not duplex2 The devices that echo locally3 Controlling local echo3.1 Terminal emulators3.2 Modems3.3 Host systems4 Footnotes5 References5.1 What supports what5.2 Sources used Terminological confusion: echo is not duplex [ edit]Whilst local echo and remote echo are sometimes referred to as \"\"half-duplex\"\" and \"\"full-duplex\"\", those latter appellations are strictly incorrect, and are misleading (see duplex for their correct meanings). Whilst local echo is often used with half-duplex transmission, so that bandwidth is not wasted upon remotely echoing data from the remote end of the communications channel, it is not the same as half-duplex transmission. A full-duplex communications channel can still employ local echo, and a half-duplex channel can still (albeit wastefully) employ remote echo, or no echo at all. [ 8] [6]Indeed, for example, that is the case for echoplex error checking, which requires full-duplex communication, so that received data can be echoed back as they are being received. [ 9] [10]Similarly, for another example, in the case of the TELNET communications protocol a local echo protocol operates on top of a full-duplex underlying protocol."
},
{
"docid": "D1893222#0",
"title": "http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/about/security-center/securing-nx-os.html\nCisco Guide to Securing NX-OS Software Devices",
"text": "Introduction Prerequisites Requirements Components Used Conventions Principles of Secure Operations Monitor Cisco Security Advisories and Responses Use Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting Centralize Log Collection and Monitoring Use Secure Protocols When Possible Gain Traffic Visibility with Net Flow Perform Configuration Management Recommendations for Creating Strong Passwords Securing the Management Plane General Management-Plane Hardening Managing Passwords Enforcing Strong Password Selection Disabling Unused Services Setting the EXEC Timeout Value Using Management Interfaces Limiting Access to the Network with Infrastructure ACLs Filtering Internet Control Message Protocol Packets Filtering IP Fragments Securing Interactive Management Sessions Encrypting Management Sessions Securing the Console Port, Auxiliary Port, and Connectivity Management Processor Controlling Vty Lines Displaying Warning Banners Using AAATACACS+ Authentication Authentication Fallback TACACS+ Command Authorization TACACS+ Command Accounting Redundant AAA Servers Securing SNMPSNMP Community Strings SNMP Community Strings with ACLsi ACLs SNMP Version 3Logging Best Practices Send Logs to a Central Location Assign Logging Level Do Not Log to Console or Monitor Sessions Log to the Log File Configure Logging Source Interface Configure Logging Time Stamps Cisco NX-OS Configuration Management Configuration Checkpoint and Configuration Rollback Configuration Change Notification and Logging Securing the Control Plane General Control-Plane Hardening IP ICMP Redirect Messages ICMP Unreachable Messages Proxy Address Resolution Protocol NTPLimiting the Effect of Control-Plane Traffic on the CPUUnderstanding Control-Plane Traffici ACLs Co PPSecuring the Data Plane General Data-Plane Hardening Disabling IP Source Routing Disabling ICMP Redirect Messages Disabling or Limiting IP Directed Broadcasts Filtering Transit Traffic with t ACLs Filtering ICMP Packets Filtering IP Fragments Implementing Antispoofing Protection Configuring u RPFUsing IP Source Guard Using Port Security Using DAIConfiguring Antispoofing ACLs Limiting the Effect of Data-Plane Traffic on the CPUFeatures and Traffic Types That Affect the CPUTraffic Identification and Traceback Net Flow Classification ACLs Access Control with VLAN Maps and PACLs Access Control with VLAN Maps Access Control with PACLs Access Control with MAC Address ACLs Private VLANs Isolated VLANs Community VLANs Promiscuous Ports Conclusion Appendix A: Cisco NX-OS Hardening Checklist Appendix B: Enabling FIPS Mode Introduction This document contains information to help you secure, or harden, your Cisco NX-OS Software system devices, which increases the overall security of your network. The document is organized according to the three planes into which functions of a network device can be categorized. It provides an overview of each security feature included in Cisco NX-OS and includes references to related documentation. The three functional planes of a network are the management plane, control plane, and data plane. Each provides functions that need to be protected. Management plane: The management plane is the flow path that traffic uses when it is sent to a Cisco NX-OS device. This plane consists of applications and protocols such as Secure Shell (SSH) and Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). Control plane: The control plane of a network device processes the traffic that is important to maintaining the functions of the network infrastructure. The control plane consists of applications and protocols between network devices, including Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) and Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs) such as Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). Data plane: The data plane forwards data through a network device."
},
{
"docid": "D98417#0",
"title": "http://docwiki.cisco.com/wiki/DECnet\nDECnet",
"text": "DECnet is a group of data communications products, including a protocol suite, developed and supported by Digital Equipment Corporation (Digital). The first version of DECnet, released in 1975, allowed two directly attached PDP-11 minicomputers to communicate. In recent years, Digital has included support for nonproprietary protocols, but DECnet remains the most important of Digital's network product offerings. This article provides a summary of the DECnet protocol suite, Digital's networking architectures, and the overall operation of DECnet traffic management. Several versions of DECnet have been released. The first allowed two directly attached minicomputers to communicate. Subsequent releases expanded the DECnet functionality by adding support for additional proprietary and standard protocols, while remaining compatible with the immediately preceding release. This means that the protocols are backward compatible. Currently, two versions of DECnet are in wide use: DECnet Phase IV and DECnet/OSI. Figure: In a DECnet-Based Internetwork, Routers Interconnect Workstations and VAXs illustrates a DECnet internetwork, with routers interconnecting two LANs that contain workstations and VAXs."
},
{
"docid": "D2512123#0",
"title": "http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=426638&seqNum=3\nAn Overview of the syslog Protocol",
"text": "Configuring Cisco Devices to Use a Syslog Server Most Cisco devices use the syslog protocol to manage system logs and alerts. But unlike their PC and server counterparts, Cisco devices lack large internal storage space for storing these logs. To overcome this limitation, Cisco devices offer the following two options: Internal buffer— The device's operating system allocates a small part of memory buffers to log the most recent messages. The buffer size is limited to few kilobytes. This option is enabled by default. However, when the device reboots, these syslog messages are lost. Syslog— Use a UNIX-style SYSLOG protocol to send messages to an external device for storing. The storage size does not depend on the router's resources and is limited only by the available disk space on the external syslog server. This option is not enabled by default. TIPBefore configuring a Cisco device to send syslog messages, make sure that it is configured with the right date, time, and time zone."
},
{
"docid": "D3400488#0",
"title": "http://www.flashcardmachine.com/3-network2005indepth.html\nShared Flashcard Set",
"text": "Shared Flashcard Set Details Title 3 NETWORK+ 2005 IN DEPTHDescription n/a Total Cards 109Subject Other Level Not Applicable Created 06/11/2013Click here to study/print these flashcards . Create your own flash cards! Sign up here . Additional Other Flashcards Cards Term A _____ is a group of computers and other devices that are connected by some type of transmission media. Definition Network Term In a _____ network, every computer can communicate directly with any other computer. Definition Peer-to-Peer Term Which of the following terms describes a network of computers and other devices that is confined to a relatively small space, such as one building or even one office? Definition LANTerm The _____ is the main circuit that controls the computer. Definition Motherboard Term_____ ensure thtat data are transferred whole, in sequence, and without error from one node on the network to another. Definition Protocols Term_____ coordinate the storage and transfer of e-mail between users on a netowrk. Definition Mail Services Term A (n) _____ is a computer installed with the appropriate software to supply Web pages to many different clients upon demand."
},
{
"docid": "D150317#0",
"title": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd349799(v=ws.10).aspx\nSystem Services",
"text": "\"Docs Previous Versions Windows System Services July 2, 2012 134 minutes to read In this article Windows Server 2008 Services Overview Windows Vista Services Overview Service isolation Restricted SIDs System Service Settings Vulnerability Countermeasure Do not set permissions on service objects Potential impact Descriptions of System Services Application Experience Application Information Application Layer Gateway Service Application Management Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS)Base Filtering Engine Block Level Backup Engine Service Certificate Propagation Certificate Services Cluster Service CNG Key Isolation COM+ Event System COM+ System Application Computer Browser Cryptographic Services DCOM Server Process Launcher Desktop Window Manager Session Manager DFS Namespace DFS Replication DHCP Client DHCP Server Diagnostic Policy Service Diagnostic Service Host Diagnostic System Host Distributed File System Distributed Link Tracking Client Distributed Link Tracking Server Distributed Transaction Coordinator DNS Client DNS Server Windows Event Log Extensible Authentication Protocol Fax Service Function Discovery Provider Host Function Discovery Resource Publication Group Policy Client Health Key and Certificate Management Help and Support HTTP SSLHuman Interface Device Access IIS Admin Service IKE and Auth IP IPsec Keying Modules Indexing Service Interactive Services Detection Internet Connection Sharing Intersite Messaging IP Helper (IP Version 6 Helper Service)IPsec Policy Agent Kerberos Key Distribution Center Ktm Rm for Distributed Transaction Coordinator Link-Layer Topology Discovery Mapper Message Queuing Message Queuing Triggers Microsoft . NET Framework NGENMicrosoft i SCSI Initiator Service Microsoft Fibre Channel Platform Registration Service Microsoft Software Shadow Copy Provider Multimedia Class Scheduler Net. Tcp Port Sharing Service Netlogon Network Access Protection Agent Network Connections Network List Service Network Location Awareness (NLA)Network Store Interface Service Offline Files Peer Name Resolution Protocol Peer Networking Grouping Peer Networking Identity Manager Performance Logs and Alerts Plug and Play Pn P-X IP Bus Enumerator PNRP Machine Name Publication Service Portable Device Enumerator Service Print Spooler Problem Reports and Solutions Control Panel Support Program Compatibility Assistant Service Protected Storage Quality Windows Audio Video Experience Ready Boost Remote Access Auto Connection Manager Remote Access Connection Manager Remote Procedure Call (RPC)Remote Procedure Call (RPC) Locator Remote Registry Resultant Set of Policy Provider Routing and Remote Access Secondary Logon Security Accounts Manager Security Center Server Shell Hardware Detection Simple TCP/IP Services SL UI Notification Service Smart Card Smart Card Removal Policy SNMPSNMP Trap Software Licensing Special Administration Console Helper SSDP Discovery Service Superfetch System Event Notification Tablet PC Input Service Task Scheduler TCP/IP Net BIOS Helper Service Telephony Telnet Terminal Services Terminal Services Configuration Terminal Services User Mode Port Redirector Themes Thread Ordering Server TPM Base Services UPn P Device Host User Profile Service Virtual Disk Service Volume Shadow Copy Web Client Windows Audio Windows Audio Endpoint Builder Windows Backup Windows Card Space Windows Color System Windows Connect Now - Config Registrar Windows Defender Windows Driver Foundation - User-mode Driver Framework Windows Error Reporting Service Windows Event Collector Windows Firewall Windows Image Acquisition (WIA)Windows Installer Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)Windows Management Instrumentation Windows Media Player Network Sharing Service Windows Modules Installer Windows Presentation Foundation Font Cache 3.0.0.0Windows Remote Management (WS-Management)Windows Search Windows Time Windows Update (Automatic Updates)Win HTTP Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Service Wired Auto Config WLAN Autoconfig WMI Performance Adapter Workstation World Wide Web Publishing Service Applies To: Windows Server 2008System services are programs that load automatically either as part of an application's startup process or the operating system startup process to support the different tasks required of the operating system. In recent years, services have been an attractive target for creators of malicious software, such as viruses, who want to attack the Windows® operating systems. Examples of viruses that exploit core Windows services include Blaster, Sasser, and Code Red. There are a number of reasons for this situation: Services are typically long-running. Often, they start when the system starts and stop when it shuts down. Services are often network-facing, making them especially vulnerable to remote attacks. Services typically run in a high-privilege account such as Local System. For Windows Vista® and Windows Server® 2008, some enhancements were made to the core services to accomplish the following goals: Limiting access to services by user applications."
},
{
"docid": "D2523455#0",
"title": "http://www.tech-faq.com/considerations-in-planning-a-network-infrastructure.html\nConsiderations in Planning a Network Infrastructure",
"text": "Considerations in Planning a Network Infrastructure Defining Network Infrastructure A network can be defined as the grouping of hardware devices and software components which are necessary to connect devices within the organization, and to connect the organization to other organizations and the Internet. Typical hardware components utilized in a networking environment are network interface cards, computers, routers, hubs, switches, printers, and cabling and phone lines. Typical software components utilized in a networking environment are the network services and protocols needed to enable devices to communicate. Only after the hardware is installed and configured, can operating systems and software be installed into the network infrastructure. The operating systems which you install on your computers are considered the main software components within the network infrastructure. This is due to the operating system containing network communication protocols that enable network communication to occur. The operating system also typically includes applications and services that implement security for network communication. Another concept, namely network infrastructure, is also commonly used to refer to the grouping of physical hardware and logical components which are needed to provide a number of features for the network, including these common features: Connectivity Routing and switching capabilities Network security Access control The network or network infrastructure has to exist before a number of servers needed to support applications which are needed by your users can be deployed into your networking environment: File and print servers Web and messaging servers Database servers Application servers When you plan your network infrastructure, a number of key elements need to be clarified or determined: Determine which physical hardware components are needed for the network infrastructure which you want to implement. Determine the software components needed for the network infrastructure. Determine the following important factors for your hardware and software components: Specific location of these components How the components are to be installed."
},
{
"docid": "D2287661#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetBIOS\nNetBIOS",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Net BEUI\"\" and \"\"Net BIOS Enhanced User Interface\"\" redirect here. For specifically the protocol available in Microsoft Windows, see Net BIOS Frames protocol. For details, see § Net BEUI. [ hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages)This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. ( August 2012)This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. Please help improve it to make it understandable to non-experts, without removing the technical details. ( September 2010)Net BIOS / ˈ n ɛ t b ʌ ɪ. ɒ s / is an acronym for Network Basic Input/Output System."
},
{
"docid": "D258437#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model\nOSI model",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search OSI modelby layer7. Application layer6. Presentation layer5. Session layer4. Transport layer3. Network layer2. Data link layer1. Physical layerv t e The Open Systems Interconnection model ( OSI model) is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of a telecommunication or computing system without regard to its underlying internal structure and technology. Its goal is the interoperability of diverse communication systems with standard protocols. The model partitions a communication system into abstraction layers."
},
{
"docid": "D1941991#0",
"title": "http://lpc1.clpccd.cc.ca.us/lpc/mdaoud/Cnt52/LessonPlanSection01.htm\nSection 1.1: Networking Overview",
"text": "Section 1.1: Networking Overview Summary This section provides an introduction to networking. Lecture Focus Questions: Why are protocols important for networking? What are the advantages of a client/server network when compared to a peer-to-peer network? What is the main characteristic of a subnet ? How can you tell one subnet from another? How does an intranet differ from the Internet? What is the main purpose of an extranet ? Video/Demo Time1.1.1 Introduction to Networking 9:15 1.1.2 Network Types 12:18 1.1.3 Networking Terms 11:04Total 32:37Section 1.2: Network Topologies Summary This section discusses network topologies; how devices are connected and how messages flow from device to device. Two types of network topologies are discussed: Physical topologies identify the physical way the network is wired: Bus Ring Star Mesh Logical topologies identify the way in which messages are sent: Bus Ring Star Lecture Focus Questions: What is defined by the logical topology? How does the logical topology differ from the physical topology?"
},
{
"docid": "D1251417#0",
"title": "https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/3/html/Security_Guide/ch-ports.html\nAppendix C. Common Ports",
"text": "\"Appendix C. Common Ports The following tables list the most common communication ports used by services, daemons, and programs included in Red Hat Enterprise Linux. This listing can also be found in the /etc/services file. For the official list of Well Known, Registered, and Dynamic ports as designated by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), refer to the following URL:http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers Note The Layer, where listed, denotes whether the service or protocol uses TCP or UDP for transport. If not listed, the service/protocol can use both TCP and UDP. Port # / Layer Name Comment1 tcpmux TCP port service multiplexer5 rje Remote Job Entry7 echo Echo service9 discard Null service for connection testing11 systat System Status service for listing connected ports13 daytime Sends date and time to requesting host17 qotd Sends quote of the day to connected host18 msp Message Send Protocol19 chargen Character Generation service; sends endless stream of characters20 ftp-data FTP data port21 ftp File Transfer Protocol (FTP) port; sometimes used by File Service Protocol (FSP)22 ssh Secure Shell (SSH) service23 telnet The Telnet service25 smtp Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)37 time Time Protocol39 rlp Resource Location Protocol42 nameserver Internet Name Service43 nicname WHOIS directory service49 tacacs Terminal Access Controller Access Control System for TCP/IP based authentication and access50 re-mail-ck Remote Mail Checking Protocol53 domain domain name services (such as BIND)63 whois++ WHOIS++, extended WHOIS services67 bootps Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) services; also used by Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) services68 bootpc Bootstrap (BOOTP) client; also used by Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) clients69 tftp Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)70 gopher Gopher Internet document search and retrieval71 netrjs-1 Remote Job Service72 netrjs-2 Remote Job Service73 netrjs-3 Remote Job Service73 netrjs-4 Remote Job Service79 finger Finger service for user contact information80 http Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for World Wide Web (WWW) services88 kerberos Kerberos network authentication system95 supdup Telnet protocol extension101 hostname Hostname services on SRI-NIC machines102 iso-tsap ISO Development Environment (ISODE) network applications105 csnet-ns Mailbox nameserver; also used by CSO nameserver107 rtelnet Remote Telnet109 pop2 Post Office Protocol version 2110 pop3 Post Office Protocol version 3111 sunrpc Remote Procedure Call (RPC) Protocol for remote command execution, used by Network Filesystem (NFS)113 auth Authentication and Ident protocols115 sftp Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) services117 uucp-path Unix-to-Unix Copy Protocol (UUCP) Path services119 nntp Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) for the USENET discussion system123 ntp Network Time Protocol (NTP)137 netbios-ns NETBIOS Name Services used in Red Hat Enterprise Linux by Samba138 netbios-dgm NETBIOS Datagram Services used in Red Hat Enterprise Linux by Samba139 netbios-ssn NETBIOS Session Services used in Red Hat Enterprise Linux by Samba143 imap Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)161 snmp Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)162 snmptrap Traps for SNMP163 cmip-man Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP)164 cmip-agent Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP)174 mailq MAILQ177 xdmcp X Display Manager Control Protocol178 nextstep Ne XTStep window server179 bgp Border Gateway Protocol191 prospero Cliffod Neuman's Prospero services194 irc Internet Relay Chat (IRC)199 smux SNMP UNIX Multiplexer201 at-rtmp Apple Talk routing202 at-nbp Apple Talk name binding204 at-echo Apple Talk echo206 at-zis Apple Talk zone information209 qmtp Quick Mail Transfer Protocol (QMTP)210 z39.50 NISO Z39.50 database213 ipx Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX), a datagram protocol commonly used in Novell Netware environments220 imap3 Internet Message Access Protocol version 3245 link LINK347 fatserv Fatmen Server363 rsvp_tunnel RSVP Tunnel369 rpc2portmap Coda filesystem portmapper370 codaauth2 Coda filesystem authentication services372 ulistproc UNIX Listserv389 ldap Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)427 svrloc Service Location Protocol (SLP)434 mobileip-agent Mobile Internet Protocol (IP) agent435 mobilip-mn Mobile Internet Protocol (IP) manager443 https Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)444 snpp Simple Network Paging Protocol445 microsoft-ds Server Message Block (SMB) over TCP/IP464 kpasswd Kerberos password and key changing services468 photuris Photuris session key management protocol487 saft Simple Asynchronous File Transfer (SAFT) protocol488 gss-http Generic Security Services (GSS) for HTTP496 pim-rp-disc Rendezvous Point Discovery (RP-DISC) for Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) services500 isakmp Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP)535 iiop Internet Inter-Orb Protocol (IIOP)538 gdomap GNUstep Distributed Objects Mapper (GDOMAP)546 dhcpv6-client Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) version 6 client547 dhcpv6-server Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) version 6 Service554 rtsp Real Time Stream Control Protocol (RTSP)563 nntps Network News Transport Protocol over Secure Sockets Layer (NNTPS)565 whoami whoami587 submission Mail Message Submission Agent (MSA)610 npmp-local Network Peripheral Management Protocol (NPMP) local / Distributed Queueing System (DQS)611 npmp-gui Network Peripheral Management Protocol (NPMP) GUI / Distributed Queueing System (DQS)612 hmmp-ind HMMP Indication / DQS631 ipp Internet Printing Protocol (IPP)636 ldaps Lightweight Directory Access Protocol over Secure Sockets Layer (LDAPS)674 acap Application Configuration Access Protocol (ACAP)694 ha-cluster Heartbeat services for High-Availability Clusters749 kerberos-adm Kerberos version 5 (v5) 'kadmin' database administration750 kerberos-iv Kerberos version 4 (v4) services765 webster Network Dictionary767 phonebook Network Phonebook873 rsync rsync file transfer services992 telnets Telnet over Secure Sockets Layer (Telnet S)993 imaps Internet Message Access Protocol over Secure Sockets Layer (IMAPS)994 ircs Internet Relay Chat over Secure Sockets Layer (IRCS)995 pop3s Post Office Protocol version 3 over Secure Sockets Layer (POP3S)Table C-1. Well Known Ports The following ports are UNIX-specific and cover services ranging from email to authentication and more. Names enclosed in brackets (for example, [ service ]) are either daemon names for the service or common alias (es). Port # / Layer Name Comment512/tcp exec Authentication for remote process execution512/udp biff [comsat] Asynchrous mail client (biff) and service (comsat)513/tcp login Remote Login (rlogin)513/udp who [whod] who logged user listing514/tcp shell [cmd] remote shell (rshell) and remote copy (rcp) with no logging514/udp syslog UNIX system logging service515 printer [spooler] line printer (lpr) spooler517/udp talk talk remote calling service and client518/udp ntalk Network talk (ntalk) remote calling service and client519 utime [unixtime] UNIX time (utime) protocol520/tcp efs Extended Filename Server (EFS)520/udp router [route, routed] Routing Information Protocol (RIP)521 ripng Routing Information Protocol for Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)525 timed [timeserver] Time daemon (timed)526/tcp tempo [newdate] Tempo530/tcp courier [rpc] Courier Remote Procedure Call (RPC) protocol531/tcp conference [chat] Internet Relay Chat532 netnews Netnews533/udp netwall Netwall for emergency broadcasts540/tcp uucp [uucpd] Unix-to-Unix copy services543/tcp klogin Kerberos version 5 (v5) remote login544/tcp kshell Kerberos version 5 (v5) remote shell548 afpovertcp Appletalk Filing Protocol (AFP) over Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)556 remotefs [rfs_server, rfs] Brunhoff's Remote Filesystem (RFS)Table C-2. UNIX Specific Ports Table C-3 lists ports submitted by the network and software community to the IANA for formal registration in the port number list. Port # / Layer Name Comment1080 socks SOCKS network application proxy services1236 bvcontrol [rmtcfg] Garcilis Packeten Remote Configuration Server [a]1300 h323hostcallsc H.323 teleconferencing Host Call Secure1433 ms-sql-s Microsoft SQL Server1434 ms-sql-m Microsoft SQL Monitor1494 ica Citrix ICA Client1512 wins Microsoft Windows Internet Name Server1524 ingreslock Ingres Database Management System (DBMS) lock services1525 prospero-np Prospero non-priveleged1645 datametrics [old-radius] Datametrics / old radius entry1646 sa-msg-port [oldradacct] sa-msg-port / old radacct entry1649 kermit Kermit file transfer and management service1701 l2tp [l2f] Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (LT2P) / layer 2 forwarding (L2F)1718 h323gatedisc H.323 telecommunication Gatekeeper Discovery1719 h323gatestat H.323 telecommunication Gatekeeper Status1720 h323hostcall H.323 telecommunication Host Call setup1758 tftp-mcast Trivial FTP Multicast1759 mtftp Multicast Trivial FTP (MTFTP)1789 hello Hello router communication protocol1812 radius Radius dial-up authentication and accounting services1813 radius-acct Radius Accounting1911 mtp Starlight Networks Multimedia Transport Protocol (MTP)1985 hsrp Cisco Hot Standby Router Protocol1986 licensedaemon Cisco License Management Daemon1997 gdp-port Cisco Gateway Discovery Protocol (GDP)2049 nfs [nfsd] Network File System (NFS)2102 zephyr-srv Zephyr notice transport and delivery Server2103 zephyr-clt Zephyr serv-hm connection2104 zephyr-hm Zephyr host manager2401 cvspserver Concurrent Versions System (CVS) client/server operations2430/tcp venus Venus cache manager for Coda file system (codacon port)2430/udp venus Venus cache manager for Coda file system (callback/wbc interface)2431/tcp venus-se Venus Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) side effects2431/udp venus-se Venus User Datagram Protocol (UDP) side effects2432/udp codasrv Coda file system server port2433/tcp codasrv-se Coda file system TCP side effects2433/udp codasrv-se Coda file system"
},
{
"docid": "D3099843#0",
"title": "https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/4494.troubleshooting-the-rpc-server-is-unavailable.aspx\n\"Windows Server Troubleshooting: \"\"The RPC server is unavailable\"\"\"",
"text": "\"Windows Server Troubleshooting: \"\"The RPC server is unavailable\"\"Table of Contents Introduction The RPC Server The RPC Client RPC Quick Fixes Unable to resolve DNS or Net BIOS names in an Active Directory environment. The RPC service or related services may not be started Network Connectivity Verify ports needed by RPC are open File and Printer Sharing is not enabled Name Resolution DNS Name Resolution Net BIOS Name Resolution TCP Session Establishment Firewall/Network RPC Discovery Discovery - RPC Over TCPIPDiscovery - RPC Over SMBRPC Communication How to identify the RPC traffic in a trace RPC over TCPIPRPC over HTTP Port 80RPC over HTTP Port 443RPC over SMB aka “Named Pipes”Kerberos Authentication NTLM Authentication Troubleshooting Authentication Active Directory Symptoms: Troubleshooting Tools and Methods Methods to generate RPC Traffic Tools for Testing RPCTools for monitoring RPCUsing Port Qry Resources RPC Blogs External Tech Net Magazine article KB Article Introduction Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is an inter-process communication technique to allow client and server software to communicate on a network. The RPC protocol is based on a client/server model. The client makes a procedure call that appears to be local but is actually run on a remote computer. During this process, the procedure call arguments are bundled and passed through the network to the server. The arguments are then unpacked and run on the server. The result is again bundled and passed back to the client, where it is converted to a return value for the client's procedure call. RPC is used by several components in Windows Server, such as the File Replication Service (FRS), Active Directory Replication, Certificate services, DCOM, domain join, DCPromo and RDP, NLB and Cluster, Microsoft Operations Master, Exchange and SQL. The RPC Server An RPC server is a communications interface provided by an application or service that allows remote clients to connect, pass commands, and transfer data using the RPC protocol. A typical example of an RPC server is Microsoft Exchange Server."
},
{
"docid": "D2284527#0",
"title": "http://www.mcmcse.com/comptia/network/N10004_study_guide.shtml\nNetwork+ Study Guide (N10-004)",
"text": "\"Network+ Study Guide (N10-004)This is our free study guide for Comp TIA's Network+ certification exam (N10-004). If you would like to report an error or contribute additional information, please use the contact link at the bottom of the site, or post in our forums. We hope you find this guide useful in your studies. Domain 1.0: Network Technologies Domain 1.1: Common Networking Protocols TCP - TCP breaks data into manageable packets and tracks information such as source and destination of packets. It is able to reroute packets and is responsible for guaranteed delivery of the data. IP - This is a connectionless protocol, which means that a session is not created before sending data. IP is responsible for addressing and routing of packets between computers. It does not guarantee delivery and does not give acknowledgement of packets that are lost or sent out of order as this is the responsibility of higher layer protocols such as TCP. UDP - A connectionless, datagram service that provides an unreliable, best-effort delivery. ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol enables systems on a TCP/IP network to share status and error information such as with the use of PING and TRACERT utilities."
}
] |
8650 | _____ are predefined actions that the project team will take if an identified risk event occurs. | [
{
"docid": "D2783179#0",
"title": "https://pm4id.org/chapter/11-2-risk-management-process/\n11.2 Risk Management Process",
"text": "11.2 Risk Management Process Visit Audio Recordings for the audio version of this section. LEARNING OBJECTIVESIdentify the major elements in managing project risk. Describe the processes for identifying project risk. Describe the processes for evaluating risk. Describe the processes for mitigating risk. Managing risks on projects is a process that includes risk assessment and a mitigation strategy for those risks. Risk assessment includes both the identification of potential risk and the evaluation of the potential impact of the risk. A risk mitigation plan is designed to eliminate or minimize the impact of the risk events —occurrences that have a negative impact on the project. Identifying risk is both a creative and a disciplined process. The creative process includes brainstorming sessions where the team is asked to create a list of everything that could go wrong."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1417324#0",
"title": "https://journal.uptimeinstitute.com/the-making-of-a-good-method-of-procedure/\nThe Making of a Good Method of Procedure",
"text": "The Making of a Good Method of Procedure Operations Share thisby Kevin Heslin Good MOPs (method of procedure) help humans manage the complexity inherent in data centers By Alfonso Aranda with Lee Kirby Data centers are complex techno–human systems. The number of interrelated and interdependent elements (including the human element) that interact in the normal operation of a data center and the large number of interactions that take place combine to generate this complexity. These interactions include any installation or decommissioning of IT equipment; expansion or reconfiguration of the electrical, mechanical, control infrastructure, and ancillary installations (fuel, fire, and water treatment systems, etc. ); and any maintenance action, etc. Increased automation adds more working and failure modes, which adds complexity to the system. Failure Types Complexity generates a high risk of data center failure, which can originate in the infrastructure (electrical, mechanical, IT, communications) or as a result of interaction between those who manage the infrastructure and systems within those infrastructures or systems. Uptime Institute considers these interactions to be the leading cause of data center outages. Failures of infrastructure can by contained and mitigated by redundancy in the data center, depending on the topology (Tier). Building a more robust and resilient infrastructure does not minimize these failures; additional mechanisms, organizational and operational in nature, must be deployed to prevent failures caused by human activities in the data center. One such mechanism, the methods of procedure or MOP, is a step-by-step sequence of actions to be executed by maintenance/operations technicians performing an operation or action that implies a change of state in any critical component of an installation."
},
{
"docid": "D1385853#0",
"title": "https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/secrets-running-project-status-meetings-7009\nThe secrets to running project status meetings that work!",
"text": "Learning Library The secrets to running project status meetings that work!Tweet Conference Paper Team Building , Skill Development 19 October 2008Brownlee, Dana How to cite this article: Brownlee, D. (2008). The secrets to running project status meetings that work! Paper presented at PMI® Global Congress 2008—North America, Denver, CO. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute. Abstract One of the project manager’s key responsibilities is to be aware of the status of the project at any given time. In order to do that, status meetings become a critical tool throughout the lifecycle of the project. Too often, unfortunately, these critically important meetings become unbearably inefficient, ineffective, and at times almost painful! The good news is that there are simple techniques that project managers can employ to improve the overall efficacy of these sessions. Purpose of Project Status Meetings A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK ® Guide) defines status review meetings as follows: Status review meetings are regularly scheduled events to exchange information about the project. On most projects, status review meetings will be held at various frequencies and on different levels."
},
{
"docid": "D3420468#0",
"title": "https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/project-selected-audit-internal-controls-8169\nHelp! Your project has been selected for an audit--what now?",
"text": "Learning Library Help! Your project has been selected for an audit--what now? Tweet Conference Paper Quality Management 2006Gumz, Joy How to cite this article: Gumz, J. (2006). Help! Your project has been selected for an audit—what now? Paper presented at PMI® Global Congress 2006—EMEA, Madrid, Spain. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute. Introduction“You've been selected for an audit.” are not the words most project managers want to hear. Their fears are understandable."
},
{
"docid": "D396230#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/13773059/project-management-flash-cards/\nProject Management",
"text": "\"213 terms steffunny Project Management Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Def of a Project Temporary - has a definite beginning and end Has Purpose - undertaken to create a unique product, service or result Def of Project Management Applied knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements Def of Business Advantage achievement of goals resource utilization Information-based decision making Def of Competitive Advantage culture of execution and collaboration getting the \"\"right\"\" results reliably Def of Scope A recognized project constraints schedule,financial resources, objectives, and staff Def of Scope Creep the tendency of most projects to shift boundaries (money, time, etc) as the project moves forward Def of Gold Plating adding needless details to a project Def of Project Risk those factors that may delay or obstruct a project's completion. Part of a project manager's job is to plan for and reduce the amount of risk to a project. T or F: No project can run smoothly if expectations, responsibilities, objectives, and timelines are not clearly understood by all stakeholders, or those who are invested in your project. TRUEDef of Deliverables Are unique and verifiable -- it must be possible to confirm that they have been generated by the project Must meet expectations of project stakeholders Timeliness and quality are key determinants of project success5 process areas of project management IPEMC Initiation Planning, Execution/Implementation Monitoring and Controlling Closing Def of Life-Cycle (project approach) Framework for managing the unfolding of a project over time Structured as a series of sequential, and possibly over-lapping, phases Def of Life-Cycle Phase Activities focused on a specific outcome Key opportunity for mgmt review of deliverables and milestone definition for a project Def of Process Set of related actions directed at accomplishing a specific result minimizes risk and eliminates problems.4 Type of project life cycles (approaches 1. Linear 2. Iterative 3. Adaptive 4. Agile Reaons why projects are authorized and initiated Technological advances Customer requests Legal/regulatory requirements Market demands Activities during the Planning Phase Assemble your team Develop time line and resources Consider breaking down large projects into smaller, more manageable ones Develop the plan Estimate costs Communications Plan Activities during the Execution Phase Coordinate resources Supervise project activities Communicate wisely with team members re."
},
{
"docid": "D256359#0",
"title": "http://sebokwiki.org/wiki/System_Verification\nSystem Verification",
"text": "\"navigation search System Verification System Verification is a set of actions used to check the correctness of any element, such as a system element, a system, a document, a service, a task, a requirement, etc. These types of actions are planned and carried out throughout the life cycle of the system. Verification is a generic term that needs to be instantiated within the context it occurs. As a process, verification is a transverse activity to every life cycle stage of the system. In particular, during the development cycle of the system, the verification process is performed in parallel with the system definition and system realization processes and applies to any activity and any product resulting from the activity. The activities of every life cycle process and those of the verification process can work together. For example, the integration process frequently uses the verification process. It is important to remember that verification, while separate from validation, is intended to be performed in conjunction with validation. Contents [ hide ]1 Definition and Purpose2 Principles and Concepts2.1 Concept of Verification Action2.1.1 Why Verify?2.1.2 What to Verify?2.2 Verification versus Validation2.3 Integration, Verification, and Validation of the System3 Process Approach3.1 Purpose and Principle of the Approach3.2 Activities of the Process3.3 Artifacts and Ontology Elements3.4 Methods and Techniques4 Practical Considerations4.1 Pitfalls4.2 Proven Practices5 References5.1 Works Cited5.2 Primary References5.3 Additional References6 SEBo K Discussion Definition and Purpose Verification is the confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that specified requirements have been fulfilled. With a note added in ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288, the scope of verification includes a set of activities that compares a system or system element against the requirements, architecture and design characteristics, and other properties to be verified (ISO/IEC/IEEE 2015)."
},
{
"docid": "D490191#0",
"title": "http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/ProjectMgmt/OnlineGuide/ConstructionPlanTheWork.htm\n",
"text": "Construction Pre-Construction Home Tutorial Contacts Glossary Tools & Forms Plan the Work Process Map (pdf 50KB)Enterprise Project Structure (EPS) / Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)Schedule Development Project Cost Estimate / Budget Development Risk Management Plan Change Management Plan Communication Plan Quality (QA/QC) Plan Transition and Closure Plan Plan the Work is the portion of the project management process that produces the Construction Project Management Plan. The construction management plan should complement the pre-construction PMP and integrate pre-construction information and commitments as appropriate. Project Management Plan The Construction Project Management Plan defines the project performance baseline—the project deliverables, schedule and budget plans—and the management methods used by the project team to deliver the project. The project performance baseline documents the project team’s detailed goals for the performance of the project within the scope, schedule, and budget parameters established by region or organization management. The baseline includes: Scope - the deliverables to be produced by the project team. Schedule - the logical sequence of work and related milestones. Budget - the allocation for the project. Risk – potential risks to the project. The Construction Project Management Plan includes the Risk Management, Change Management, Communication Management, Quality Management, and Transition and Closure plans. These plans help align the team toward uniform goals and describe how the team will: Ensure work done by the contractor is in compliance with the contract."
},
{
"docid": "D3180255#0",
"title": "http://cobaltpm.com/issue-and-risk-management/\nIssues and Risks in Project Management",
"text": "Managing project issues and risks is important to project management. Issues and risks must be managed effectively in order to provide the best chance of project success. First, let’s define issues and risks. What is a Project Issue? An issue is a problem related to a project that is about to occur or is currently occurring. An issue must be resolved as soon as possible, otherwise it will have detrimental effects on the project. What is a Project Risk? A risk is the possibility of an issue that has not occurred yet, and if it occurs it would have a negative impact on a project. Risks can become issues if they are not addressed properly. The process of risk management includes identifying, analyzing and addressing risks in order to mitigate their negative effects on a project."
},
{
"docid": "D1047370#0",
"title": "https://www.mitre.org/publications/systems-engineering-guide/acquisition-systems-engineering/risk-management/risk-mitigation-planning-implementation-and-progress-monitoring\nRisk Mitigation Planning, Implementation, and Progress Monitoring",
"text": "\"Risk Mitigation Planning, Implementation, and Progress Monitoring Print Definition: Risk mitigation planning is the process of developing options and actions to enhance opportunities and reduce threats to project objectives [1]. Risk mitigation implementation is the process of executing risk mitigation actions. Risk mitigation progress monitoring includes tracking identified risks, identifying new risks, and evaluating risk process effectiveness throughout the project [1]. Keywords: risk, risk management, risk mitigation, risk mitigation implementation, risk mitigation planning, risk mitigation progress monitoring MITRE SE Roles & Expectations: MITRE systems engineers (SEs) working on government programs develop actionable risk mitigation strategies and monitoring metrics, monitor implementation of risk mitigation plans to ensure successful project and program completion, collaborate with the government team in conducting risk reviews across projects and programs, and analyze metrics to determine ongoing risk status and identify serious risks to elevate to the sponsor or customer [2]. Background Risk mitigation planning, implementation, and progress monitoring are depicted in Figure 1. As part of an iterative process, the risk tracking tool is used to record the results of risk prioritization analysis (step 3) that provides input to both risk mitigation (step 4) and risk impact assessment (step 2). Figure 1. Risk Management: Fundamental Steps [3]The risk mitigation step involves development of mitigation plans designed to manage, eliminate, or reduce risk to an acceptable level. Once a plan is implemented, it is continually monitored to assess its efficacy with the intent of revising the course-of-action if needed. Risk Mitigation Strategies General guidelines for applying risk mitigation handling options are shown in Figure 2. These options are based on the assessed combination of the probability of occurrence and severity of the consequence for an identified risk. These guidelines are appropriate for many, but not all, projects and programs. Figure 2."
},
{
"docid": "D3334646#0",
"title": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc531022.aspx\nProcess 2: Assess, Monitor, and Control Risk",
"text": "Published: April 25, 2008 | Updated: October 10, 2008Risk management is IT’s attempt to address risk while achieving management objectives. IT organizations achieve long-term success by managing risk through the effective use of internal controls. Internal controls are specific activities performed by people or systems designed to ensure that business objectives are met. Careful design, documentation, and operation of controls are crucial at every level of the organization. Being “in control” means the chances of experiencing adverse impacts from undesirable events are at acceptable levels and that the likelihood of achieving objectives is satisfactory. Internal control is intertwined with and directly affected by an organization’s governance activities. Figure 5 illustrates the activities of risk management. It is important to understand that the process of managing each risk goes through all of these activities at least once and often cycles through numerous times. Because each risk has its own timeline, multiple risks might be in each stage at any given point. Figure 5."
},
{
"docid": "D2001244#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/17947175/pmnote-flash-cards/\nPMnote",
"text": "\"186 terms ldtkhai PMnote PMP Exam Prep: Questions, Answers, & Explanations, 2012 Edition by Christopher Scordo Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort A project is: A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. Project management is: The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements. Managing a project typically includes: Balancing the competing project constraints including scope, quality, schedule, budget, resources, and risk. Portfolio management refers to: Identifying, prioritizing, authorizing, managing, and controlling projects, programs, and other related work, to achieve specific strategic business objectives. Project success is measured by: Product and project quality, timeliness, budget compliance, and degree of customer satisfaction. A program is a: Group of related projects managed in a coordinated way. A primary function of a project management office (PMO) is to support the project manager in a variety of ways which generally include all of the following \"\"Managing shared resources across all projects administered by the PMO. Identifying and developing project management methodology, best practices, and standards."
},
{
"docid": "D251647#0",
"title": "https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/incident\nIncident Management",
"text": "When an emergency occurs or there is a disruption to the business, organized teams will respond in accordance with established plans. Public emergency services may be called to assist. Contractors may be engaged and other resources may be needed. Inquiries from the news media, the community, employees and their families and local officials may overwhelm telephone lines. How should a business manage all of these activities and resources? Businesses should have an incident management system (IMS). An IMS is “the combination of facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures and communications operating within a common organizational structure, designed to aid in the management of resources during incidents” [ NFPA 1600 ]. The National Incident Management System (NIMS) was established by FEMA and includes the Incident Command System (ICS). NIMS is used as the standard for emergency management by all public agencies in the United States for both planned and emergency events. Businesses with organized emergency response teams that interface with public emergency services can benefit from using the ICS."
},
{
"docid": "D240113#0",
"title": "http://www.kautilyasociety.com/tvph/output_oriented/project_detailed_planning.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Project Detailed Planning phase. ( Scope definition)Designing into details the programme/project activities and their expected outputs. Designing and executing projects Project Planning Planning is the stage that comes after the initiation stage and before execution and control . Detailed planning builds upon the work performed during Project Origination and Initiation. N ow the Project Scope document is developed, enhanced, and refined, until it forms a definitive plan for the rest of the project. The Project Plan Document is the deliverable that terminates the planning phase (and opens the of execution phase of the programme cycle management). The Project Plan Document will include a detailed description of the of the activities, i.e. the work needed in order to produce the project deliverables that were not specified in the Project Scope document. The activities that project teams carry out must produce outputs that will empower project beneficiaries to better interact with their communities and utilise project deliverables to achieve the project outcomes These outcomes will enable the communities to tackle the problems identified and produce changes in the factors generating these problems, thereby contributing to the achievement of the project objectives. ( Note: Technically the process of detailed project planning is also called \"\" scope definition \"\" , i.e. the process of detailing the scope document (technically called the\"\" scope statement . \"\") Essentially in this phase the team that is planning the project subdivides the project deliverables (as identified in the Project Scope document) into smaller, more manageable deliverables; then they list the activities required to deliver those deliverables and identify the resources and time required for those activities."
},
{
"docid": "D844140#0",
"title": "http://sixsigmastudyguide.com/project-charter/\nProject Charter",
"text": "Six Sigma Study Guide December 20, 2013 Leave a Comment Project Charter The project charter is a set of a documents that provide purpose and motivation for the initiative. Serves as a working document for the team and as a reference for the rest of the company. Acts as a guiding hand for the Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle ( Deming wheel, Shewhart wheel). Use the it as a guide to managing the project, meeting deliverables, etc Also good as a method of problem identification in the sense that it clearly documents the scope and business impact of the problem the Six Sigma team is attempting to solve. The project charter should also clearly state what the intended goals are and how success will be measured. Project Charter Overview Remember, a project charter is a living document. You will update this throughout the course of the project. “Any road will get you there, if you don’t know where you are going.” – Lewis Carroll The Six Elements of a Good Project Charter Problem Statement Start your project charter here with a clear problem statement. Describes the problem you are trying to solve or the opportunity you are trying to capitalize upon in an objective manner without commentary or opinion."
},
{
"docid": "D1494347#0",
"title": "http://prince2.wiki/Risk\nRisk",
"text": "Risknavigation search Thisarticle is also available in Portuguese, French, Spanish, Polish. Most Project Managers don’t really get a chance to practice Risk Management. This is covered very well in all the Project Management methods, but it seems to get forgotten about as soon as the project starts up. Even if Project Managers spend an appropriate amount of time on Risk Management, they may stop once they realize that nobody is interested in the Risk information, as there may be very little awareness of Risk Management in the organization. Project Managers are not to blame. They first need a Risk Management approach to follow, and the rest of the organization also has to be aware of the importance of Risk Management. If you are working in a Program environment, there will most likely be a standard approach to Risk Management and hopefully you will have received training. If you are not working in a Program environment, then you should check if there are standard procedures available for Risk Management in the company or in use by other Project Managers. The knowledge provided in this Risk Theme provides an excellent approach to Risk Management that you will be able to understand and use. I believe that the most important thing to understand in this theme is the structure of the Risk Register, how to use it to enter Risk information, and how to track risks during the project."
},
{
"docid": "D2544702#0",
"title": "https://www.nps.gov/policy/mp/chapter4.htm\n.",
"text": "4 Natural Resource Management The National Park Service will preserve and protect the natural resources, processes, systems, and values of units of the national park system in an unimpaired condition to perpetuate their inherent integrity and to provide present and future generations with the opportunity to enjoy them. Introduction The National Park Service will strive to understand, maintain, restore, and protect the inherent integrity of the natural resources, processes, systems, and values of the parks while providing meaningful and appropriate opportunities to enjoy them. The Service recognizes that natural processes and species are evolving, and the Service will allow this evolution to continue—minimally influenced by human actions. The natural resources, processes, systems, and values that the Service preserves are described generally in the 1916 NPS Organic Act and in the enabling legislation or presidential proclamation establishing each park. They are described in greater detail in management plans specific to each park. Natural resources, processes, systems, and values found in parks include· physical resources such as water, air, soils, topographic features, geologic features, paleontological resources, and natural soundscapes and clear skies, both during the day and at night· physical processes such as weather, erosion, cave formation, and wildland fire· biological resources such as native plants, animals, and communities· biological processes such as photosynthesis, succession, and evolution· ecosystems· highly valued associated characteristics such as scenic views In this chapter, natural resources, processes, systems, and values are all included in the term “natural resources.” The term “natural condition” is used here to describe the condition of resources that would occur in the absence of human dominance over the landscape. The Service manages the natural resources of parks to maintain them in an unimpaired condition for present and future generations in accordance with NPS-specific statutes, including the NPS Organic Act and the National Parks Omnibus Management Act of 1998; general environmental laws such as the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Endangered Species Act of 1973, the National Environmental Policy Act, and the Wilderness Act; executive orders; and applicable regulations. Activities that take place outside park boundaries and that are not managed by the Service can profoundly affect the Service’s ability to protect natural resources inside the parks. The Service will act to protect natural resources from impacts caused by external activities by working cooperatively with federal, state, and local agencies; tribal authorities; user groups; adjacent landowners; and others to identify and achieve broad natural resource goals."
},
{
"docid": "D3309027#0",
"title": "http://www.oas.org/dsd/publications/unit/oea66e/ch01.htm\nCHAPTER 1 - INCORPORATING NATURAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT INTO THE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING PROCESS",
"text": "\"CHAPTER 1 - INCORPORATING NATURAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT INTO THE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING PROCESSA. WHAT ARE NATURAL HAZARDS? B. SUSCEPTIBILITY TO VULNERABILITY REDUCTIONC. HAZARD MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNINGD. HAZARD MANAGEMENT IN SELECTED ECONOMIC SECTORSE. IMPLEMENTING THE RECOMMENDATIONS: STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE AGENCIES 1REFERENCESSUMMARYThis chapter defines natural hazards and their relationship to natural resources (they are negative resources), to environment (they are an aspect of environmental problems), and to development (they are a constraint to development and can be aggravated by it). The chapter demonstrates that the means of reducing the impact of natural hazards is now available. The factors that influence susceptibility to vulnerability reduction-the nature of the hazard, the nature of the study area, and institutional factors-are discussed. The core of the chapter explains how to incorporate natural hazard management into the process of integrated development planning, describing the process used by the OAS-Study Design, Diagnosis, Action Proposals, Implementation-and the hazard management activities associated with each phase. The chapter goes on to show how the impact of natural hazards on selected economic sectors can be reduced using energy, tourism, and agriculture as examples."
},
{
"docid": "D3167468#0",
"title": "https://www.ukessays.com/essays/computer-science/types-of-clinical-decision-support-system-computer-science-essay.php\nTypes Of Clinical Decision Support System Computer Science Essay",
"text": "\"Types Of Clinical Decision Support System Computer Science Essay Print Reference this Published: 23rd March, 2015Disclaimer: This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UK Essays. Nowadays, technology is growing rapidly. With such tremendously growth of technology, many field of industry is taking the chance in adopting these technologies to transform their business flow to fit with the environment. Medical is one of the industries that changing their services to provide better care and better treatment to patients. Many clinical center, hospitals or medical organization is investing on Clinical Decision Support System to improve the quality of decision making from the progress of diagnosis. What is Clinical Decision Support System? Clinical Decision Support Systems are \"\"active knowledge systems which use two or more items of patient data to generate case-specific advice\"\" from Wyatt J, Spiegelhalter D, 1991 (Open Clinical 2001-2009)It designed to integrate with a medical knowledge database as well as patient data to generate case specific advises to users. In another words, it is designed to healthcare professional to make medical decision."
},
{
"docid": "D1163019#0",
"title": "https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_07.htm\nRisk Analysis and Risk Management",
"text": "\"By the Mind Tools Content Team (124)Risk Analysis and Risk Management Evaluating and Managing Risks Whatever your role, it's likely that you'll need to make a decision that involves an element of risk at some point. Risk is made up of two parts: the probability of something going wrong, and the negative consequences if it does. Risk can be hard to spot, however, let alone prepare for and manage. And, if you're hit by a consequence that you hadn't planned for, costs, time, and reputations could be on the line. This makes Risk Analysis an essential tool when your work involves risk. It can help you identify and understand the risks that you could face in your role. In turn, this helps you manage these risks, and minimize their impact on your plans. In this article and video, we look at how you can use Risk Analysis to identify and manage risk effectively. Risk Analysis and Risk Management Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 1:57Learn how to conduct effective Risk Analysis to identify and manage risk in your organization."
},
{
"docid": "D988834#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_management\nEmergency management",
"text": "\"Emergency management From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Emergency management is the organization and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies (preparedness, response, and recovery). The aim is to reduce the harmful effects of all hazards, including disasters. It should not be equated to \"\"disaster management\"\". The World Health Organization defines an emergency as the state in which normal procedures are interrupted, and immediate measures need to be taken to prevent that state turning into a disaster. Thus, emergency management is crucial to avoid the disruption transforming into a disaster, which is even harder to recover from. [ 1]Contents [ hide ]1 Emergency planning ideals2 Health and safety of workers2.1 Physical exposures2.2 Chemical exposures2.3 Biological exposures2.4 Psychosocial exposures2.5 Volunteer responsibilities2.6 Employer responsibilities3 Implementation ideals3.1 Pre-incident training and testing3.2 Communicating and incident assessment4 Phases and personal activities4.1 Prevention4.2 Mitigation strategy4.3 Preparedness4.4 Local Emergency Planning Committees4.5 Preparedness measures4.6 Response4.7 Recovery5 As a profession5.1 Principles5.2 Tools6 Within other professions6.1 Other tools7 International organizations7.1 The International Emergency Management Society7.2 International Association of Emergency Managers7.3 International Recovery Platform7.4 The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement7.5 Baptist Global Response7.6 United Nations7.7 World Bank7.8 European Union7.9 Other organisation8 National organizations8.1 Australia8.2 Canada8.3 Germany8.4 India8.5 Malaysia8.6 Nepal8.7 New Zealand8.8 Pakistan8.9 Philippines8.10 Russia8.11 Somalia8.12 The Netherlands8.13 United Kingdom8.14 United States9 SMAUG model – a basis for prioritizing hazard risks10 See also11 References12 Further reading13 External links Emergency planning ideals [ edit]This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( March 2014) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)If possible, emergency planning should aim to prevent emergencies from occurring, and failing that, should develop a good action plan to mitigate the results and effects of any emergencies. As time goes on, and more data become available, usually through the study of emergencies as they occur, a plan should evolve."
},
{
"docid": "D2415226#0",
"title": "https://technology.berkeley.edu/tpo/glossary\nPM Glossary",
"text": "\"Listed below are a set of commonly used project management terms. If you would like the Technology Program Office to make modifications to this list, please send your recommendations to [email protected]. A-E | F-L | M-S | T-ZAcceptance Criteria: those criteria, including performance requirements and essential conditions that must be met before the project deliverables are accepted. Activity: an action necessary to achieve a project task and is the smallest unit of project work. Assumptions: factors that, for project planning purposes, are considered to be true and do not require proof.\\Budget: the approved funding estimate for completing the full scope of project work described in the work breakdown structure. Business Case: a written document that describes the reasons for initiating a project; it also describes the resources, such as money, staff time, and equipment, that are required to achieve the specific business goals. Change Control: the process of identifying, documenting, approving or rejecting changes to the project plan. Communications Management Plan: a document that describes the communications needs for a project. It describes:how, when, and in what form project information will be distributedwho will receive the information and the kinds they will receive.who is responsible for preparing the information Constraint: a restriction which is either internal or external to the project that will restrict the performance of the project. For example, a fixed amount of money allotted for a project budget is a cost constraint, and a set date by which a project must be completed is a time constraint."
}
] |
8653 | _____ can selectively enhance the growth and proliferation of mutated cells. | [
{
"docid": "D544136#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncogene\nOncogene",
"text": "\"For the journal, see Oncogene (journal). Illustration of how a normal cell is converted to a cancer cell, when an oncogene becomes activated An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. [ 1] In tumor cells, they are often mutated and/or expressed at high levels. [ 2]Most normal cells will undergo a programmed form of rapid cell death ( apoptosis) when critical functions are altered and malfunctioning. Activated oncogenes can cause those cells designated for apoptosis to survive and proliferate instead. [ 3] Most oncogenes began as proto-oncogenes, normal genes involved in cell growth and proliferation or inhibition of apoptosis. If normal genes promoting cellular growth, through mutation, are up-regulated, (gain of function mutation) they will predispose the cell to cancer and are thus termed oncogenes. Usually multiple oncogenes, along with mutated apoptotic and/or tumor suppressor genes will all act in concert to cause cancer. Since the 1970s, dozens of oncogenes have been identified in human cancer. Many cancer drugs target the proteins encoded by oncogenes. ["
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1157595#0",
"title": "http://www.genetics.org/content/190/3/841\nGene Overexpression: Uses, Mechanisms, and Interpretation",
"text": "Previous Article Gene Overexpression: Uses, Mechanisms, and Interpretation Gregory Prelich Genetics March 1, 2012 vol. 190 no. 3 841-854; https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.111.136911Article Figures & Data Info & Metrics Abstract The classical genetic approach for exploring biological pathways typically begins by identifying mutations that cause a phenotype of interest. Overexpression or misexpression of a wild-type gene product, however, can also cause mutant phenotypes, providing geneticists with an alternative yet powerful tool to identify pathway components that might remain undetected using traditional loss-of-function analysis. This review describes the history of overexpression, the mechanisms that are responsible for overexpression phenotypes, tests that begin to distinguish between those mechanisms, the varied ways in which overexpression is used, the methods and reagents available in several organisms, and the relevance of overexpression to human disease. Moderation is a fatal thing. Nothing succeeds like excess (Oscar Wilde). Too much of a good thing is wonderful (Mae West). WHEN the preceding viewpoints on the benefits of excess were conveyed by Oscar Wilde and Mae West, it is safe to assume that they were not commenting on genetic methodology after scanning the latest scientific literature, but their sentiments nonetheless ring true with geneticists who have used gene overexpression as part of their research modus operandi. An impressive variety of molecular mechanisms ensures that genes are expressed at the appropriate level and under the appropriate conditions."
},
{
"docid": "D2445135#0",
"title": "http://cancerdiscovery.aacrjournals.org/content/3/12/1404.full\nDiscovery of a Mutant-Selective Covalent Inhibitor of EGFR that Overcomes T790M-Mediated Resistance in NSCLC",
"text": "Research Articles Discovery of a Mutant-Selective Covalent Inhibitor of EGFR that Overcomes T790M-Mediated Resistance in NSCLCAnnette O. Walter, Robert Tjin Tham Sjin, Henry J. Haringsma, Kadoaki Ohashi, Jing Sun, Kwangho Lee, Aleksandr Dubrovskiy, Matthew Labenski, Zhendong Zhu, Zhigang Wang, Michael Sheets, Thia St Martin, Russell Karp, Dan van Kalken, Prasoon Chaturvedi, Deqiang Niu, Mariana Nacht, Russell C. Petter, William Westlin, Kevin Lin, Sarah Jaw-Tsai, Mitch Raponi, Terry Van Dyke, Jeff Etter, Zoe Weaver, William Pao, Juswinder Singh, Andrew D. Simmons, Thomas C. Harding and Andrew Allen DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290. CD-13-0314 Published December 2013Article Figures & Data Info & Metrics PDFAbstract Patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating EGF receptor ( EGFR) mutations initially respond to first-generation reversible EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, clinical efficacy is limited by acquired resistance, frequently driven by the EGFR T790M mutation. CO-1686 is a novel, irreversible, and orally delivered kinase inhibitor that specifically targets the mutant forms of EGFR, including T790M, while exhibiting minimal activity toward the wild-type (WT) receptor. Oral administration of CO-1686 as single agent induces tumor regression in EGFR -mutated NSCLC tumor xenograft and transgenic models. Minimal activity of CO-1686 against the WT EGFR receptor was observed. In NSCLC cells with acquired resistance to CO-1686 in vitro, there was no evidence of additional mutations or amplification of the EGFR gene, but resistant cells exhibited signs of epithelial–mesenchymal transition and demonstrated increased sensitivity to AKT inhibitors. These results suggest that CO-1686 may offer a novel therapeutic option for patients with mutant EGFR NSCLC. Significance: We report the preclinical development of a novel covalent inhibitor, CO-1686, that irreversibly and selectively inhibits mutant EGFR, in particular the T790M drug-resistance mutation, in NSCLC models. CO-1686 is the first drug of its class in clinical development for the treatment of T790M-positive NSCLC, potentially offering potent inhibition of mutant EGFR while avoiding the on-target toxicity observed with inhibition of the WT EGFR."
},
{
"docid": "D1273342#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_Tyrosine_Kinase\nTyrosine kinase",
"text": "\"Protein tyrosine kinasepdb 2HCK, rendered in Py MOLIdentifiers Symbol Pkinase_Tyr Pfam PF07714Inter Pro IPR001245SMART Tyr Kc PROSITE PDOC00629SCOP 1apm SUPERFAMILY 1apm OPM superfamily 207OPM protein 2k1k CDD cd00192 [ show] Available protein structures: A tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a protein in a cell. It functions as an \"\"on\"\" or \"\"off\"\" switch in many cellular functions. Tyrosine kinases are a subclass of protein kinase. The phosphate group is attached to the amino acid tyrosine on the protein. Tyrosine kinases are a subgroup of the larger class of protein kinases that attach phosphate groups to other amino acids ( serine and threonine ). Phosphorylation of proteins by kinases is an important mechanism in communicating signals within a cell ( signal transduction) and regulating cellular activity, such as cell division. Protein kinases can become mutated, stuck in the \"\"on\"\" position, and cause unregulated growth of the cell, which is a necessary step for the development of cancer. Therefore, kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib, are often effective cancer treatments. Most tyrosine kinases have an associated protein tyrosine phosphatase, which removes the phosphate group. Contents [ hide ]1 Reaction2 Function3 Regulation3.1 Erythrocytes as an example3.2 Other examples4 Structure5 Families5.1 Receptor5.2 Cytoplasmic/non-receptor6 Clinical significance6.1 Non-small cell lung cancer6.2 Chronic myeloid leukemia6.3 Gastrointestinal stromal tumors7 Inhibitors7.1 GIST and Imatinib7.2 Chronic myelogenous leukemia and nilotinib7.3 Others8 Examples9 See also10 References11 External links Reaction [ edit]Protein kinases are a group of enzymes that possess a catalytic subunit that transfers the gamma (terminal) phosphate from nucleotide triphosphates (often ATP) to one or more amino acid residues in a protein substrate side-chain, resulting in a conformational change affecting protein function."
},
{
"docid": "D2353163#0",
"title": "http://www.nature.com/nchembio/journal/v11/n1/full/nchembio.1712.html\nTargeting mitochondria metabolism for cancer therapy",
"text": "Altmetric: 13 Citations: 177More detail Perspective Targeting mitochondria metabolism for cancer therapy Samuel E Weinberg & Navdeep S Chandel Nature Chemical Biology 11, 9 – 15 (2015)doi :10.1038/nchembio.1712Download Citation Cancer therapy Metabolic pathways Small molecules Received:16 July 2014Accepted:04 November 2014Published online:17 December 2014Abstract Mitochondria have a well-recognized role in the production of ATP and the intermediates needed for macromolecule biosynthesis, such as nucleotides. Mitochondria also participate in the activation of signaling pathways. Overall, accumulating evidence now suggests that mitochondrial bioenergetics, biosynthesis and signaling are required for tumorigenesis. Thus, emerging studies have begun to demonstrate that mitochondrial metabolism is potentially a fruitful arena for cancer therapy. In this Perspective, we highlight recent developments in targeting mitochondrial metabolism for the treatment of cancer. Subscribe to Nature Chemical Biology for full access:$59Subscribe Additional access options: Already a subscriber? Log in now or Register for online access. Login via Athens | Login via Shibboleth | Use a document delivery service | Purchase a site license References1. Bonnet, S. et al. A mitochondria-K channel axis is suppressed in cancer and its normalization promotes apoptosis and inhibits cancer growth."
},
{
"docid": "D3545813#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/4520709/genetics-post-midterm-flash-cards/\nGenetics Post-midterm",
"text": "\"153 terms sarahussain25Genetics Post-midterm Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Hardy Weinberg Principle Frequency of an allele or genotype is constant in a population over time if: -Population is large -Mating is random (non-selective) -There are no new mutations -There is no selection/discrimination to affect allele frequencies -There is no migration (gene flow) to change allele frequencies Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium Frequency of genotype MM + Frequency of genotype MN + Frequency of genotype NN = 1Allele Frequency Proportion of CHROMOSOMES that contain a specific allele Frequency of allele M + Frequency of allele N = 1 (p + q = 1)Genotype Frequency p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 p^2 = frequency of MM genotype 2pq = MN q^2 = NNCarrier frequency 2 x root of disease incidence (root of q^2) In cystic fibrosis, if the incidence is 1 in 2500: q^2 = 1/2500 q = 1/50 Carrier frequency = 2 x 1/50 = 1/25Heterozygote Advantage Often seen when a population has a high prevalence of a condition Sickle Cell Anemia: Autosomal recessive; Single aa change causes Hb to form fibers. Under low O2, Hb S aggregate and form fibrate precipitiates, giving RBCs a spikey appearance In carriers, the presence of malaria parasite causes the RBC to rupture, making the plasmodium unable to reproduce Cystic Fibrosis: MAYBE an advantage to carriers in surviving diseases of body fluid loss (diarrhea, cholera)Sickle Cell Anemia Cause: Single missense point mutation on position 6 of the b globin chain, replacing a glutamate with a valine. Autosomal recessive. Effects: Creates Hb S instead of Hb A, which form fibers and are insolube at deoxygenated states. This causes sickling of the RBCs, which impairs their flow and causes the \"\"sickle cell crisis\"\". Benign for carriers (Hb AS) (although at low O2 saturation, can cause issues), homozygous (Hb SS) causes disease. Symptoms: Pleiotropic effects: Anemia, hemolysis, vaso-occlusion, ischemia around abdomen and long bones, pain, splenic infarction increases bacterial infections (pneumonia), hematuria/renal failure, heart failure, CVAs, splenomegaly, abnormal skull Treatment: Fetal Hb inducers - 5-azacytidine, hydroxyurea, butyrate, which all induce g globin chains by altering methylation and histone deacetylation (epigenetics). Hb F less likely to form polymers than Hb Aa Thalassemia Distribution: South east Asia, Africa, Mediterranean; carrier frequency as high as 1 in 5 Cause: Can be caused by unequal crossing over during meiotic recombination, causing deficiency in a globin chain synthesis. -"
},
{
"docid": "D3324427#0",
"title": "https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/950151-overview\nOverview",
"text": "\"Overview Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and type 2 (NF2) are neurocutaneous disorders inherited as autosomal dominant genetic syndromes. Autosomal dominant genetic transmission indicates that one copy of the altered gene is required for phenotypic expression. Autosomal dominant syndromes are characterized by a high rate of mutational change that occurs for the first time in an individual. NF1 and NF2 differ with regard to their age of clinical onset, clinical manifestations, gene loci, and gene protein products; in both conditions, however, the altered gene products have an important role in the dysregulation of tumor suppression. This article focuses on the genetics of NF1 and NF2. Neurofibromatosis type 1Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), also known as peripheral neurofibromatosis or von Recklinghausen disease, is an autosomal dominant genetic condition caused by a mutation in or a deletion of the NF1 gene. Only one copy of a mutated or deleted NF1 gene is required to affect an individual. Descendants of an affected individual have a 50% risk of inheriting the altered NF1 gene; however, the phenotype of individuals with NF1 is widely variable, even among genetically related family members. [ 1]The NF1 gene product is a cytoplasmic protein called neurofibromin 1, which appears to have diverse functions in many different tissues. Although not all functional aspects of neurofibromin 1 are known, it does activate ras -GTPase. ["
},
{
"docid": "D753371#0",
"title": "http://www.nature.com/nrc/journal/v12/n4/full/nrc3236.html\nAntibody therapy of cancer",
"text": "Altmetric: 52 Citations: 747More detail Review Antibody therapy of cancer Andrew M. Scott, Jedd D. Wolchok & Lloyd J. Old Nature Reviews Cancer 12, 278 – 287 (2012)doi :10.1038/nrc3236Download Citation Cancer immunotherapy Imaging Immunology Therapeutics Tumour immunology Published online:22 March 2012Abstract The use of monoclonal antibodies (m Abs) for cancer therapy has achieved considerable success in recent years. Antibody–drug conjugates are powerful new treatment options for lymphomas and solid tumours, and immunomodulatory antibodies have also recently achieved remarkable clinical success. The development of therapeutic antibodies requires a deep understanding of cancer serology, protein-engineering techniques, mechanisms of action and resistance, and the interplay between the immune system and cancer cells. This Review outlines the fundamental strategies that are required to develop antibody therapies for cancer patients through iterative approaches to target and antibody selection, extending from preclinical studies to human trials. Key points Antibody-based therapy for cancer has become established over the past 15 years and is now one of the most successful and important strategies for treating patients with haematological malignancies and solid tumours. Evidence from clinical trials of antibodies in cancer patients has revealed the importance of iterative approaches for the selection of antigen targets and optimal antibodies. The killing of tumour cells using monoclonal antibodies (m Abs) can result from direct action of the antibody (through receptor blockade, for example), immune-mediated cell killing mechanisms, payload delivery, and specific effects of an antibody on the tumour vasculature and stroma. Tumour antigens that have been successfully targeted include epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ERBB2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), CD20, CD30 and CD52. Serological, genomic, proteomic and bioinformatic databases have also been used to identify antigens and receptors that are overexpressed in tumour cell populations or that are linked to gene mutations identified as driving cancer cell proliferation, including EGFRv III, MET, CTLA4 and fibroblast activation protein (FAP). The successful development of candidate m Abs for the clinic involves a complex process of scientific and preclinical evaluations that include identification of the physical and chemical properties of the antibody; the detailed specificity analysis of antigen expression; the study of the immune effector functions and signalling pathway effects of the antibody; the analysis of in vivo antibody localization and distribution in transplanted or syngeneic tumour systems; and the observation of the in vivo therapeutic activity of the antibody."
},
{
"docid": "D1613861#0",
"title": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574334907180133\nDevelopment and Function of the Epicardium",
"text": "Advances in Developmental Biology Volume 18, 2007, Pages 333-357Development and Function of the Epicardium Jörg Männer * Pilar Ruiz‐Lozano †Show morehttps://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-3349 (07)18013-3 Get rights and content Abstract The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart and it is formed by mesothelial cells that derive from a transient structure of precursor cells (the proepicardium). Proepicardial cells migrate over the postlooped heart, followed by migration of committed endothelial and smooth muscle precursors from the proepicardium through the subepicardial matrix where the coronary arteries develop. Epicardial cells undergo epithelial–mesenchymal transition to become coronary vascular smooth muscle, perivascular fibroblasts, and intermyocardial fibroblasts. The origin of coronary endothelial cells is still under debate. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on epicardial development with special emphasis on the cellular processes and genetic networks that regulate coronary arteriogenesis and myocardial growth. Previous chapter Next chapter1. Introduction The function of the mature vertebrate heart not only depends on the integrity of its force‐producing elements (myocardial cells) but also on structural elements such as the cardiac connective tissue (interstitium), the cardiac pacemaking and conduction system, the coronary blood and lymph vessels, and nerves. A well‐known feature of the heart is the three‐layered structure of its free walls. These tissue layers consist of the epicardium, the myocardium, and the endocardium, starting from the outside. The myocardium is the musculature of the heart that contracts to propel the blood through the arteries."
},
{
"docid": "D3097952#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocrine_signalling\nAutocrine signalling",
"text": "\"Autocrine signalling From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Autocrine signaling is a form of cell signaling in which a cell secretes a hormone or chemical messenger (called the autocrine agent) that binds to autocrine receptors on that same cell, leading to changes in the cell. [ 1] This can be contrasted with paracrine signaling, intracrine signaling, or classical endocrine signaling. Contents [ hide ]1 Examples2 Cancer2.1 In the Wnt pathway2.2 IL-62.3 VEGF2.4 Promotion of metastasis2.5 Development of therapeutic targets2.6 Role in drug resistance3 See also4 References5 External links Examples [ edit]An example of an autocrine agent is the cytokine interleukin-1 in monocytes. When interleukin-1 is produced in response to external stimuli, it can bind to cell-surface receptors on the same cell that produced it. [ citation needed]Another example occurs in activated T cell lymphocytes, i.e., when a T cell is induced to mature by binding to a peptide: MHC complex on a professional antigen-presenting cell and by the B7: CD28 costimulatory signal. Upon activation, \"\"low-affinity\"\" IL-2 receptors are replaced by \"\"high-affinity\"\" IL-2 receptors consisting of α, β, and γ chains. The cell then releases IL-2, which binds to its own new IL-2 receptors, causing self-stimulation and ultimately a monoclonal population of T cells. These T cells can then go on to perform effector functions such as macrophage activation, B cell activation, and cell-mediated cytoxicity. [ citation needed]Cancer [ edit]Tumor development is a complex process that requires cell division, growth, and survival. One approach used by tumors to upregulate growth and survival is through autocrine production of growth and survival factors."
},
{
"docid": "D462606#0",
"title": "http://www.nature.com/modpathol/journal/v17/n4/full/3800063a.html\nBiological behavior of keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma: telomerase activity and COX-2 as potential markers",
"text": "Altmetric: 1 Citations: 34More detail Original Article Biological behavior of keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma: telomerase activity and COX-2 as potential markers Thomas C Putti, Ming Teh & Yoke S Lee Modern Pathology 17, 468 – 475 (2004)doi :10.1038/modpathol.3800063Download Citation Received:17 June 2003Revised:29 October 2003Accepted:11 November 2003Published online:13 February 2004Abstract Distinguishing keratoacanthoma from squamous cell carcinoma is a persistent issue in pathology practice. Solitary keratoacanthoma is a self-limiting lesion as opposed to rather aggressive clinical behavior of squamous cell carcinoma. Several markers were studied to understand their biology and to separate these two lesions on a firm basis, but without much success. In this study, we plan to utilize recent markers such as telomerase activity and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) along with more established marker p53 in understanding the biologic differences between keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma. We studied 17 well to moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and 24 early proliferative phase keratoacanthoma by immunohistochemistry for the expression of p53 protein, COX-2 and telomerase activity. Higher telomerase activity was found in 11/17 squamous cell carcinoma (65%) compared to 4/24 (17%) of keratoacanthoma. Similarly, stronger expression of p53 and COX-2 was detected in 12 (71%) and 11 (65%) cases of squamous cell carcinoma compared to 2 (8%) and 2 (8%) cases of keratoacanthoma respectively. A highly significant ‘ P ’ value was obtained for telomerase activity (0.001), p53 (0.000), and COX-2 (0.001). Telomerase activity, COX-2, and p53 expression provide evidence that keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma are indeed distinct entities and also help in discriminating these two lesions, which closely resemble each other on conventional morphology. Although these markers present new insights into the biologic variation of keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma, they are of limited value for routine application in histological distinction of these two lesions."
},
{
"docid": "D1280781#0",
"title": "http://www.nature.com/nrd/journal/v10/n11/full/nrd3531.html\nReview",
"text": "Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 10, 868-880 (November 2011) | doi :10.1038/nrd3531Rapamycin passes the torch: a new generation of m TOR inhibitors Don Benjamin 1 , Marco Colombi 1 , Christoph Moroni 1 & Michael N. Hall 1About the authors Top Abstract Mammalian target of rapamycin (m TOR) is an atypical protein kinase that controls growth and metabolism in response to nutrients, growth factors and cellular energy levels, and it is frequently dysregulated in cancer and metabolic disorders. Rapamycin is an allosteric inhibitor of m TOR, and was approved as an immuno-suppressant in 1999. In recent years, interest has focused on its potential as an anticancer drug. However, the performance of rapamycin and its analogues (rapalogues) has been undistinguished despite isolated successes in subsets of cancer, suggesting that the full therapeutic potential of targeting m TOR has yet to be exploited. A new generation of ATP-competitive inhibitors that directly target the m TOR catalytic site display potent and comprehensive m TOR inhibition and are in early clinical trials. View At a Glance High resolution image (103 KB )As the name implies, the discovery of target of rapamycin (TOR) is intimately linked to the discovery of rapamycin. The soil bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus was first isolated from a soil sample collected on Easter Island (Rapa Nui) in 1965, and rapamycin, a secondary metabolite produced by S. hygroscopicus, was first isolated in the 1970s 1. Rapamycin possesses potent antifungal properties and, in mammalian cellular assays, antitumour and immunosuppressive activity 2, 3. This broad range of anti-proliferative activity made it an important tool for studying cell growth regulation and spurred interest in its mode of action. To identify its elusive target, scientists exploited rapamycin's antifungal properties 2."
},
{
"docid": "D1368626#0",
"title": "http://www.diindolylmethane-dim.com/references.htm\nDiindolylmethane ( DIM) Information Resource Center",
"text": "\"Diindolylmethane ( DIM) Information Resource Center An Initiative of Faculty Members and Research Fellows at the University of California at Berkeley Home / Formation / Molecular Biology / Clinical Applications / Research at Cal / References Scientific References on Diindolylmethane This section is updated regularly. Paper abstracts are presented in chronological order from most recent. Med Chem. 2017 Sep 21. doi: 10.2174/1573406413666170922095011. [ Epub ahead of print]IRS-1 p Y612 and Akt-1/PKB p T308 Phosphorylation and Antiinflammatory Effect of Diindolylmethane in Adipocytes Cocultured with Macrophages. Alfonso LV (1), Javier GBJ (2), Sofía GGA (1), Ernesto ULP (1), Susana DTA (1), Ruth BTM (1), Sergio SE (3), Francisco MVJ (4), Felipe JSL (5), Socorro ABJ (2), Estela BRB (1). Author information: (1)Instituto de Investigacion en Enfermedades Cronico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara;Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico. ( 2)Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina y Terapia Genica, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara;Guadalajara, Jalisco."
},
{
"docid": "D1280778#0",
"title": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2698317/\nRapamycin and mTOR kinase inhibitors",
"text": "J Chem Biol. 2008 Nov; 1 (1-4): 27–36. Published online 2008 May 15. doi: 10.1007/s12154-008-0003-5PMCID: PMC2698317Rapamycin and m TOR kinase inhibitors Lisa M. Ballou 1 and Richard Z. Lin 1, 2, 3, 4Author information ► Article notes ► Copyright and License information ►This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Go to: Abstract Mammalian target of rapamycin (m TOR) is a protein kinase that controls cell growth, proliferation, and survival. m TOR signaling is often upregulated in cancer and there is great interest in developing drugs that target this enzyme. Rapamycin and its analogs bind to a domain separate from the catalytic site to block a subset of m TOR functions. These drugs are extremely selective for m TOR and are already in clinical use for treating cancers, but they could potentially activate an m TOR-dependent survival pathway that could lead to treatment failure. By contrast, small molecules that compete with ATP in the catalytic site would inhibit all of the kinase-dependent functions of m TOR without activating the survival pathway. Several non-selective m TOR kinase inhibitors have been described and here we review their chemical and cellular properties."
},
{
"docid": "D1943356#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic\nHaematopoiesis",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Hematopoietic)navigation search Diagram showing the development of different blood cells from haematopoietic stem cell to mature cells More detailed and comprehensive diagram that shows the development of different blood cells in humans. * The morphological characteristics of the hematopoietic cells are shown as seen in a Wright’s stain, May-Giemsa stain or May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain. Alternative names of certain cells are indicated between parentheses. * Certain cells may have more than one characteristic appearance. In these cases, more than one representation of the same cell has been included. * Together, the monocyte and the lymphocytes comprise the agranulocytes, as opposed to the granulocytes (basophil, neurtophil and eosinophil) that are produced during granulopoiesis. * B., N. and E. stand for Basophilic, Neutrophilic and Eosinophilic, respectively – as in Basophilic promyelocyte. For lymphocytes, the T and B are actual designations. [ 1] The polychromatic erythrocyte (reticulocyte) at the right shows its characteristic appearance when stained with methylene blue or Azure B. [2] The erythrocyte at the right is a more accurate representation of its appearance in reality when viewed through a microscope. [ 3] Other cells that arise from the monocyte: osteoclast, microglia (central nervous system), Langerhans cell (epidermis), Kupffer cell (liver). ["
},
{
"docid": "D2721969#0",
"title": "https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/tag/glycolysis/\nLeaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence (LPBI) Group",
"text": "Warburg Effect Revisited – 2Posted in Academic Publishing, Amino acids, Anaerobic Glycolysis, Biochemical pathways, Biological Networks, Cancer and Current Therapeutics, CANCER BIOLOGY & Innovations in Cancer Therapy, Cell Biology, Curation, Cytoskeleton, Developmental biology, Disease Biology, Enzymes and isoenzymes, Fatty acids, Gene Regulation, Lipid metabolism, Liver & Digestive Diseases Research, Metabolism, Metabolomics, Methods, Na-K-ATPase, Oxidative phosphorylation, Pentose monophosphate shunt, Phosphorylation, Proteins, Proteomics, Pyridine nucleotides, Signaling, Signaling & Cell Circuits, Ubiquitinylation, Warburg effect, tagged ATP, Cancer - General, carcinogenesis, dysfunctional cell, energetics, glutamate, Glycolysis, lactic acid, metabolism of cancer cell, mitochondria, proliferation on March 30, 2015| 4 Comments »1 Vote Warburg Effect Revisited – 2Writer and Curator: Larry H. Bernstein, MD, FCAPFinding Dysregulation in the Cancer Cell2.1. Warburg Effect Revisited One of the great observations of the 20 th century was the behavior of cancer cells to proliferate and rely on anaerobic glycolysis for the source of energy. This was a restatement of the Pasteur effect, described 60 years earlier by the great French scientist in yeast experiments. The experiments with yeast were again reperformed by Jose EDS Roselino, a Brazilian biochemist, who established an explanation for it 50 years after Warburg. It is quite amazing the mitochondria were not yet discovered at the time that Warburg carried out the single-cell thickness measurements in his respiratory apparatus. He concluded from the observation that the cancer cells grew in a media that became acidic from producing lactic acid, that the cells were dysfunctional in the utilization of oxygen, as nonmalignant cells efficiently utilized oxygen. He also related the metabolic events to observations made by Meyerhof. The mitochondria and the citric acid cycle at this time had not yet been discovered, and the latter was, worked out by Hans Krebs and Albert Szent-Gyorgi, both of whom worked with him on mitochondrial metabolism. The normal cell utilizes glucose efficiently and lipids as well, generating energy through oxidative phosphorylation, with the production of ATP in a manner previously described in these posts. Greater clarity was achieved with the discovery of Coenzyme A, and finally the electron transport chain (ETC)."
},
{
"docid": "D562096#0",
"title": "http://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(14)01865-2/fulltext\nFibroid growth and medical options for treatment",
"text": "Fibroid growth and medical options for treatment Nathalie Chabbert-Buffet, M. D., Ph. D. Correspondence information about the author M. D., Ph. D. Nathalie Chabbert-Buffet Email the author M. D., Ph. D. Nathalie Chabbert-Buffet, Nathalie Esber, M. Sc., Philippe Bouchard, M. D. Fibroid growth and medical options for treatment DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.1238Abstract Full Text Images References Article Outline Fibroid growth Histology Genetics Risk Factors for Fibroids Role of Sex Steroids Fibroid treatment Progestins Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Aromatase Inhibitors Gn RH Analogues Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulators Endometrium Changes Other Potential Therapeutic Options Conclusion References Although fibroids are common benign tumors, their impact on women's quality of life can be considerable. The most frequent symptoms are uterine bleeding, resulting in anemia, and pelvic pain. Fibroids can be of genetic or hormonal origin or arise from intrauterine events. Current options for medical treatment include control of estradiol and progesterone production or action and are discussed in this review. Although curative treatment of fibroids relies on surgical strategies, the current trend is for uterine-sparing treatment to preserve fertility and avoid unnecessary surgery. Currently approved medical treatments include intrauterine progestin delivery to reduce uterine bleeding, Gn RH analogues, and, more recently, selective progesterone receptor modulators to control uterine bleeding and reduce fibroid volume."
},
{
"docid": "D842769#0",
"title": "http://www.sdbonline.org/sites/fly/torstoll/decapen1.htm\n.",
"text": "\"BIOLOGICAL OVERVIEWIn a first phase of its developmentally crucial expression, decapentaplegic is responsible for dorsal/ventral polarity in the fly. In a second phase of its activity, as segments appear, dpp functions in the definition of boundaries between segmental compartments. As part of this process, dpp, along with wingless and hedgehog, defines the position of future limbs, including wings, legs and antenna. Dpp also has an independent role in the structuring of the mesoderm. Later, during the final process of appendage development, and acting downstream of engrailed and hedgehog, dpp defines boundaries between appendage compartments assuring correct anterior/posterior polarity. dpp has an analogous function in the development of the eye, where it is primarily responsible for the progression of the morphogenetic furrow, the induction site of the Drosophila retina. In the first process, the structuring of dorsal/ventral polarity, dpp is repressed in the ventral portion of the trunk by the dorsal gene product. Receptors for the secreted Dpp protein, Saxophone, Thick veins and Punt, are found in both the ectoderm and the underlying mesoderm. They mediate the transduction of the dpp signal to the interior of the cell through a phosphorylation cascade activating gene transcription (for review, see Raftery, 1999). Phosphorylation, the major mechanism of the cell for transduction of signals from protein to protein, involves the attachment of phosphate residues to appropriate target molecules."
},
{
"docid": "D1325543#0",
"title": "http://www.nature.com/leu/journal/vaop/nretr/full/leu2009207a.html\nProteinase 3 ( PR3) gene is highly expressed in CBF leukemias and codes for a protein with abnormal nuclear localization that confers drug sensitivity",
"text": "Altmetric: 1More detail Original Article Proteinase 3 ( PR3) gene is highly expressed in CBF leukemias and codes for a protein with abnormal nuclear localization that confers drug sensitivity D Cilloni, S Carturan, C Maffè, F Messa, F Arruga, E Messa, M Pradotto, M Pautasso, C Zanone, P Fornaciari, I Defilippi, A Rotolo, E Greco, I Iacobucci, G Martinelli, F Lo-Coco, E Bracco & G Saglio Leukemiadoi :10.1038/leu.2009.207Download Citation Acute myeloid leukaemia Cancer therapeutic resistance NF-kappa B Proteases Received: 18 August 2009Accepted:03 September 2009Published online:14 January 2010Retracted: 08 April 2010Abstract Core-binding factor (CBF) leukemias are characterized by a high degree of sensitivity to high-dose cytarabine (ARA-C) treatment and by a relatively favorable prognosis compared with most other forms of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The molecular basis of the response to chemotherapy is still being analyzed. The proteinase 3 ( PR3) gene codes for a serine protease with a broad spectrum of proteolytic activity. PR3 is involved in the control of proliferation of myeloid leukemia cells, and when it is abnormally expressed, it confers factor-independent growth to hematopoietic cells. In this study, we analyzed the expression levels of PR3 in 113 AML patients. PR3 is highly expressed in AML, mainly in CBF leukemias in which PR3 is not only expressed, but also abnormally localized within the nuclear compartment. Nuclear PR3 results in cleavage of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 into an inactive p56 subunit lacking any transcriptional activity. The nuclear localization of PR3 is responsible for increased proliferation, apoptosis arrest and increased sensitivity to high-dose ARA-C. This study provides a new molecular mechanism that is responsible for NF-κB inactivation and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy in CBF leukemias. Introduction The core-binding factors ( CBF s) are a group of heterodimeric transcriptional regulators containing a common beta ( CBFB) and one of three alpha components. 1 The CBF acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) result from translocations involving either the alpha component RUNX1 (formerly known as CBFA2 or AML1) or CBFB."
},
{
"docid": "D16583#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haematopoiesis\nHaematopoiesis",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Diagram showing the development of different blood cells from haematopoietic stem cell to mature cells More detailed and comprehensive diagram that shows the development of different blood cells in humans. * The morphological characteristics of the hematopoietic cells are shown as seen in a Wright’s stain, May-Giemsa stain or May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain. Alternative names of certain cells are indicated between parentheses. * Certain cells may have more than one characteristic appearance. In these cases, more than one representation of the same cell has been included. * Together, the monocyte and the lymphocytes comprise the agranulocytes, as opposed to the granulocytes (basophil, neurtophil and eosinophil) that are produced during granulopoiesis. * B., N. and E. stand for Basophilic, Neutrophilic and Eosinophilic, respectively – as in Basophilic promyelocyte. For lymphocytes, the T and B are actual designations. [ 1] The polychromatic erythrocyte (reticulocyte) at the right shows its characteristic appearance when stained with methylene blue or Azure B. [2] The erythrocyte at the right is a more accurate representation of its appearance in reality when viewed through a microscope. [ 3] Other cells that arise from the monocyte: osteoclast, microglia (central nervous system), Langerhans cell (epidermis), Kupffer cell (liver). ["
},
{
"docid": "D775745#0",
"title": "http://theoncologist.alphamedpress.org/content/8/6/531.full\nActivation of Tyrosine Kinases in Cancer",
"text": "The Oncologist Skip to main page content HOME ONLINE FIRST CURRENT ISSUE BROWSE BY TOPIC SUPPLEMENTSGlobal Health & Cancer Chabner Colloquia Prostate Cancer Anemia Management Renal Cell Carcinoma Breast Cancer Complete List ARCHIVES VIDEOS CMECME Activities My CMESearch for Keyword: GOAdvanced Search User Name Register Password Sign In Advertisement Advertisement Activation of Tyrosine Kinases in Cancer Gordana Vlahovic and Jeffrey Crawford+ Author Affiliations Duke University Medical Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Durham, North Carolina, USAJeffrey Crawford, M. D., Duke University Medical Center, Box 3198, Morris Building, Room 25178, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. Telephone: 919-684-5195; Fax: 919-681-5864; e-mail: [email protected] Received December 2, 2002. Accepted July 29, 2003. L earning O bjectives After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Identify the advantages of small molecule inhibitors. Explain the significant role that tyrosine kinase plays in signal transduction. Describe the tyrosine kinase inhibitors clinical data. Access and take the CME test online and receive one hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME. The Oncologist.com Next Section Abstract Receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (TKs) have emerged as clinically useful drug target molecules for treating certain types of cancer. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-TK is a transmembrane receptor TK that is overexpressed or aberrantly activated in the most common solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer and cancers of the breast, prostate, and colon. Activation of the EGFR-TK enzyme results in autophosphorylation, which drives signal transduction pathways leading to tumor growth and malignant progression."
}
] |
8654 | _____ cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death among young people | [
{
"docid": "D284315#0",
"title": "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sudden-cardiac-arrest/in-depth/sudden-death/ART-20047571\nSudden death in young people: Heart problems often blamed",
"text": "Sudden death in young people: Heart problems often blamed Sudden death in young people is rare, but those at risk can take precautions. Find out more about the risk factors, causes and treatments. By Mayo Clinic Staff Sudden death in people younger than 35, often due to undiscovered heart defects or overlooked heart abnormalities, is rare. When these sudden deaths occur, it's often during physical activity, such as playing a sport, and more often occurs in males than in females. Millions of elementary, high school and college athletes compete yearly without incident. If you or your child is at risk of sudden death, talk to your doctor about precautions you can take. How common is sudden cardiac death in young people? Most deaths due to cardiac arrest are in older adults, particularly those with coronary artery disease. Cardiac arrest is the leading cause of death in young athletes, but the incidence of it is unclear. Perhaps 1 in every 50,000 sudden cardiac deaths a year occurs in young athletes."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1515635#0",
"title": "http://www.sportsmd.com/youth-sports/importance-pre-participation-physical-exam/\nImportance of Pre-Participation Physical Exam",
"text": "Share 30 Tweet +1 Pin Share30Importance of Pre-Participation Physical Exam (PPPE)Article Contents Importance of Pre-Participation Physical Exam (PPPE)What is the purpose of a PPPE? What are the current types of pre-participation physical exams? Why is the medical history the most important component of the PPPE? By Terry Zeigler, Ed D, ATCThis is the time of year when hundreds of young athletes are lining up for pre-participation physical exams (PPPE). Pre-participation physical exams are required for athletes to participate in middle school and high school sports and summer camps. With the increased media attention on including electrocardiograms as part of PPPEs for the purpose of detecting hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the leading cause of sudden death in young athletes,pre-participation physical exams are receiving more consideration (Maron, B., 2010). Specifically, sports medicine personnel are reviewing the quality and what is required in these exams to ensure that they are sufficient to identify young athletes who may be at risk for further injury or possible sudden death. What is the purpose of a PPPE? The purpose of the PPPE is to identify athletes that may be at risk for further injury or illness and to refer these athletes for additional medical evaluation prior to allowing them to participate. The specific purposes include the following:• To identify athletes at risk of sudden death • To identify medical conditions that may require further evaluation and treatment before participation • To identify orthopedic conditions that may require further evaluation and treatment, including physical therapy, before participation • To identify at-risk adolescents and young adults who are at risk for substance abuse, STDs, pregnancy, violence, depression, and so on • To satisfy legal requirements of athletic governing boards Identification of athletes who may be at risk for sudden death is currently a hot topic in the world of sports medicine."
},
{
"docid": "D2128098#0",
"title": "http://www.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/heart-failure/print.html\nHeart Failure In-Depth Report",
"text": "\"Heart Failure In-Depth Report Background To understand what occurs in heart failure, it helps to be familiar with the anatomy of the heart and how it works. The heart is composed of two independent pumping systems, one on the right side, and the other on the left. Each has two chambers, an atrium and a ventricle. The ventricles are the major pumps in the heart. The external structures of the heart include the ventricles, atria, arteries, and veins. Arteries carry blood away from the heart while veins carry blood into the heart. The vessels colored blue indicate the transport of blood with relatively low content of oxygen and high content of carbon dioxide. The vessels colored red indicate the transport of blood with relatively high content of oxygen and low content of carbon dioxide. The Right Side of the Heart. The right system receives blood from the veins of the whole body."
},
{
"docid": "D1132899#0",
"title": "http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/26/health/what-is-heart-failure-heart-attack-sudden-cardiac-arrest-explainer/index.html\nWhat are heart failure, heart attack and cardiac arrest?",
"text": "\"What are heart failure, heart attack and cardiac arrest? By Susan Scutti, CNNUpdated 5:11 PM ET, Mon October 2, 2017Story highlights A heart attack is a muscle problem, but sudden cardiac arrest is an electrical problem A heart attack can lead to sudden cardiac death, leaving a patient only minutes to live unless treated (CNN) Cardiovascular disease is the No. 1 killer around the world. It killed an estimated 17.7 million people in 2015, representing 31% of all deaths globally, according to the World Health Organization. But not all heart disease is the same. It can affect the blood vessels to the heart or brain, heart muscles and valves, and other areas of the body. Cardiovascular diseases can require long-term treatment, or they can come on suddenly and seriously. \"\" That's why it's very important for all of us to learn how to do cardiopulmonary resuscitation,\"\" said Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association. \"\" That's the first step when someone collapses to help save their life,\"\" added Goldberg, who is also medical director of the Joan H. Tisch Center for Women's Health at the NYU Langone Medical Center in NYC. What is heart failure?"
},
{
"docid": "D303420#0",
"title": "https://patient.info/doctor/extrasystoles\nExtrasystoles",
"text": "Cardiovascular Disease Save Print Share Actions Extrasystoles Authored by Dr Colin Tidy, 16 Apr 2014This article is for Medical Professionals In this article Epidemiology Significance of extrasystoles Risk factors for extrasystoles Presentation Assessment Investigations Which patients need referral from primary care? Management Synonyms: ectopic beats, premature beats, premature atrial or ventricular complexes The normal heart rate and rhythm are determined by the sino-atrial node in the right atrium, which acts as the pacemaker for the heart. This node discharges electric current through the atria causing them to contract. The electric current then passes through the atrioventricular (AV) node which lies within the lower interatrial septum. Electrical impulses pass from here into the Purkinje's network, along the right and left bundles of His, and excite the ventricular muscles causing their contraction. The conduction system and myocardium have a nerve supply and are hormone sensitive (to catecholamines), which allows regulation of the heartbeat according to different activities, stress and excitement. Extrasystoles are essentially extra beats, or contractions, which interrupt the normal regular rhythm of the heart. They occur when there is electrical discharge from somewhere in the heart other than the sino-atrial node. They are classified as atrial or ventricular extrasystoles according to their site of origin. Epidemiology [ 1]Both atrial and ventricular extrasystoles are common at all ages."
},
{
"docid": "D37615#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiomyopathy\nCardiomyopathy",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Cardiomyopathy Opened left ventricle showing thickening, dilatation, and subendocardial fibrosis noticeable as increased whiteness of the inside of the heart. Specialty Cardiology Symptoms Shortness of breath, feeling tired, swelling of the legs [1]Complications Heart failure, irregular heart beat, sudden cardiac death [2] [1]Types Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, takotsubo cardiomyopathy [3]Causes Unknown, genetic, alcohol, heavy metals, amyloidosis, stress [4] [3]Treatment Depends on type and symptoms [5]Frequency 2.5 million with myocarditis (2015) [6]Deaths 354,000 with myocarditis (2015) [7]Cardiomyopathy is a group of diseases that affect the heart muscle. [ 8] Early on there may be few or no symptoms. [ 1] Some people may have shortness of breath, feel tired, or have swelling of the legs due to heart failure. [ 1] An irregular heart beat may occur as well as fainting. [ 1] Those affected are at an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. [ 2]Types of cardiomyopathy include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, and takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome). [ 3] In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy the heart muscle enlarges and thickens. [ 3] In dilated cardiomyopathy the ventricles enlarge and weaken. [ 3] In restrictive cardiomyopathy the ventricle stiffens. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1114046#0",
"title": "http://www.mottchildren.org/conditions-treatments/ped-heart/conditions/sudden-cardiac-arrest\nSudden Cardiac Arrest in the Young",
"text": "Sudden Cardiac Arrest in the Young What is sudden cardiac arrest? Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a condition in which the heartbeat stops abruptly and unexpectedly. This usually is caused by ventricular fibrillation (VF), an abnormality in the heart's electrical system. When this happens, blood stops flowing to the brain the heart and the rest of the body, and the person collapses. A quick combination of CPR and defibrillation can restore life. Is SCA the same as a heart attack? No. A heart attack is a condition in which a blood clot suddenly blocks a coronary artery, resulting in the death of the heart muscle supplied by that artery, unless the clot is opened within a few hours. Heart attack victims usually experience symptoms such as chest discomfort or pain and remain conscious. Most people who have a heart attack survive the event."
},
{
"docid": "D1999154#0",
"title": "http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Arrhythmia/SymptomsDiagnosisMonitoringofArrhythmia/Syncope_UCM_430006_Article.jsp\nSyncope (Fainting)",
"text": "\"Syncope (Fainting)Updated: Jun 9,2017What is syncope? Syncope is a temporary loss of consciousness usually related to insufficient blood flow to the brain. It’s also called fainting or \"\"passing out. \"\" It most often occurs when blood pressure is too low (hypotension) and the heart doesn't pump enough oxygen to the brain. It can be benign or a symptom of an underlying medical condition. What causes syncope? Syncope is a symptom that can be due to several causes, ranging from benign to life-threatening conditions. Many non life-threatening factors, such as overheating, dehydration, heavy sweating, exhaustion or the pooling of blood in the legs due to sudden changes in body position, can trigger syncope. It’s important to determine the cause of syncope and any underlying conditions. However, several serious heart conditions, such as bradycardia, tachycardia or blood flow obstruction, can also cause syncope."
},
{
"docid": "D3241505#0",
"title": "https://www.aafp.org/afp/2011/0915/p640.html\nEvaluation of Syncope",
"text": "Evaluation of Syncope PDF PRINT COMMENTSSHAREA more recent article on syncope is available. ROBERT L. GAUER, MD, Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, North Carolina Am Fam Physician. 2011 Sep 15;84 (6):640-650. Related letter: Consider Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome in Patients with Syncope Syncope is a transient and abrupt loss of consciousness with complete return to preexisting neurologic function. It is classified as neurally mediated (i.e., carotid sinus hypersensitivity, situational, or vasovagal), cardiac, orthostatic, or neurogenic. Older adults are more likely to have orthostatic, carotid sinus hypersensitivity, or cardiac syncope, whereas younger adults are more likely to have vasovagal syncope. Common nonsyncopal syndromes with similar presentations include seizures, metabolic and psychogenic disorders, and acute intoxication. Patients presenting with syncope (other than neurally mediated and orthostatic syncope) are at increased risk of death from any cause. Useful clinical rules to assess the short-term risk of death and the need for immediate hospitalization include the San Francisco Syncope Rule and the Risk Stratification of Syncope in the Emergency Department rule. Guidelines suggest an algorithmic approach to the evaluation of syncope that begins with the history and physical examination."
},
{
"docid": "D415315#0",
"title": "http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/cardiology/dilated-restrictive-cardiomyopathy/\nDilated and Restrictive Cardiomyopathies",
"text": "\"Dilated and Restrictive Cardiomyopathies Corinne Bott-Silverman, MDBaran Aksut, MDPublished: November 2015Contents Cardiomyopathies are diseases of the myocardium associated with cardiac dysfunction. 1 Table 1 lists the five types of cardiomyopathy: dilated, hypertrophicn restrictive arrhythmogenic right ventricular, and unclassified. Many conditions manifest as one type of cardiomyopathy and progress to another. For example, hypertensive heart disease can begin with a hypertrophic pattern and subsequently become a dilated cardiomyopathy. In addition, some conditions have features of more than one type of cardiomyopathy. For example, sarcoidosis can have features of restrictive and dilated cardiomyopathy at different times in the course of the disease. Cardiomyopathy often results in the heart failure syndrome, with a number of systemic manifestations. On the other hand, many systemic conditions have cardiac involvement and manifest primarily as heart failure. The cardiomyopathies represent a diverse group of conditions whose final common pathway is myocardial dysfunction. With few exceptions, histologic findings are nonspecific and include myocyte hypertrophy, cellular necrosis, and fibrosis."
},
{
"docid": "D2350956#0",
"title": "http://abcnews.go.com/Health/HeartDisease/high-school-basketball-star-dies-court/story?id=13055595\nWes Leonard: Michigan High School Basketball Star Dies After Game-Winning Shot",
"text": "\"Wes Leonard: Michigan High School Basketball Star Dies After Game-Winning Shot By Katie Moisse, Emily Cohen KATE SLAMANMarch 4, 2011ABCNEWS.com WATCH Teen Collapses After Winning Basketball Game Email Celebration turned to tragedy Thursday night at a Michigan high school when 16-year-old Wes Leonard collapsed on the basketball court and later died after scoring the game-winning shot in overtime, helping his team clinch a perfect season. According to Dr. David A Start, the forensic pathologist and medical examiner of Ottawa County, the cause of death was cardiac arrest due to dilated cardiomyopathy -- an enlarged heart. Leonard's game-winning layup, which earned two of his 21 points that game, led the undefeated Fennville Blackhawks to a 57-55 win over Bridgman High School. Teammates hoisted in him the air moments before he collapsed. \"\" He made the shot and then the game was over, we had won, everyone rushed the court,\"\" said Tobias Hutchins, a senior at Fennville High School who was at the standing-room-only game. \"\" He did the team lineups where they all shake hands, the basketball team held him up, he started walking, then collapsed. \"\" The gym went quiet as coaches and players surrounded Leonard, who was lying on his back. \"\" Nobody knew for sure why he had collapsed and was suddenly on the floor,\"\" said Tim Breed, a spokesperson for Holland Hospital who was also at the game. Suspecting possible heat exhaustion, people tried to and cool Leonard down with ice packs while waiting for the ambulance. \"\" There was a sense of the crowd being stunned and just being shocked,\"\" Breed said. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D2909697#0",
"title": "http://www.pethealthnetwork.com/cat-health/cat-diseases-conditions-a-z/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-hcm-cats\nHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Cats",
"text": "Cat Health Cat Diseases & Conditions A-Z Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Cats Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Cats Posts by: Dr. Justine A. Lee, DVM, DACVECCCat Diseases & Conditions A-ZHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM), a type of abnormal thickening of the heart, is the most common cause of heart disease in cats. It is often an “occult” silent killer, and it can result in sudden death in cats. HCM is often diagnosed in young to middle-aged male cats. Certain breeds, such as the Maine Coon or Ragdoll, may be predisposed, suggesting a possible genetic component. However, most of the time, the cause of HCM in cats remains unknown. With HCM, the normal heart muscle is replaced by fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue). This causes the heart to become too muscular (i.e., thicker or “hypertrophied”), and the main heart chamber that pumps blood to the body (left ventricle) becomes too small, making less room for blood. This can result in: An abnormally dilated left atrium Abnormal blood flow to develop within this part of the heart With HCM, the fibrous connective tissue doesn’t function like normal heart muscle so the heart does not contract normally; again, this results in less blood being pumped into circulation. Because HCM results in a severely thickened and poorly functioning heart muscle, congestive heart failure, an irregular heart beat (e.g., arrhythmia) and/or life threatening blood clots (commonly called a “saddle thrombus”) can occur, making this disease the most common cause of sudden death in indoor cats. How HCM hides Unfortunately, HCM can often go undiagnosed at home."
},
{
"docid": "D1314617#0",
"title": "http://www.aetna.com/cpb/medical/data/100_199/0140.html\nGenetic Testing",
"text": "\"Number: 0140Policy Aetna considers genetic testing medically necessary to establish a molecular diagnosis of an inheritable disease when all of the following are met: The member displays clinical features, or is at direct risk of inheriting the mutation in question (pre-symptomatic); and The result of the test will directly impact the treatment being delivered to the member; and After history, physical examination, pedigree analysis, genetic counseling, and completion of conventional diagnostic studies, a definitive diagnosis remains uncertain, and one of the following diagnoses is suspected (this list is not all-inclusive); and Disease-specific criteria met. Note: reference to \"\"see below\"\" indicates additional criteria outlined in policy. Achondroplasia (FGFR3)Albinism Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (SERPINA1)Alpha thalassemia / Hb Bart hydrops fetalis syndrome/Hb H disease ** (HBA1/HBA2, alpha globin 1 and alpha globulin 2) (see below)Angelman syndrome (GABRA, SNRPN) (see below)Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) (see below)Bardet-Biedl syndrome Beta thalassemia ** (beta globin) (see below)Bloom syndrome (BLM)CADASIL (see below)Cadherin-1 (hereditary diffuse gastric cancer) (see below)Canavan disease (ASPA (aspartoacylase A))Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) (see below)Charcot-Marie Tooth disease (PMP-22)Classical lissencephaly Congenital adrenal hyperplasia/21 hydroxylase deficiency (CYP21A2) *Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (PHOX2B)Congenital muscular dystrophytype 1C (MDC1C) (FKRP (Fukutin related protein))Crouzon syndrome (FGFR2, FGFR3)Cystic fibrosis (CFTR) (see below)Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (dystrophin) (see below)Dysferlin myopathy Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (see below)Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD1, 2, and 3)Fabry disease Factor V Leiden mutation (F5 (Factor V)) (see below)Factor XIII deficiency, congenital (F13 (Factor XIII beta globulin))Familial adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) (see below)Familial dysautonomia (IKBKAP)Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (see below)Familial Mediterranean fever (MEFV)Fanconi anemia (FANCC, FANCD)Fragile X syndrome, FRAXA (FMR1) (see below)Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA (frataxin))Galactosemia (GALT)Gaucher disease (GBA (acid beta glucosidase))Gitelman's syndrome Hemoglobin E thalassemia **Hemoglobin S and/or C **Hemophilia A/VWF (F8 ( Factor VIII))Hemophilia B (F9 (Factor IX))Hereditary amyloidosis (TTR variants)Hereditary deafness (GJB2 (Connexin-26, Connexin-32))Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)Hereditary hemochromatosis (HFE) (see below)Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) syndrome (fumarate hydratase (FH) gene)Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP)Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6. MSI) (see below)Hereditary pancreatitis (PRSS1) (see below)Hereditary paraganglioma (SDHD, SDHB)Hereditary polyposis coli (APC) (see below)Hereditary spastic paraplegia 3 (SPG3A) and 4 (SPG4, SPAST)Huntington's disease (HTT, HD (Huntington)) (see below)Hypochondroplasia (FGFR3)Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (see below)Jackson-Weiss syndrome (FGFR2)Joubert syndrome Kallmann syndrome (FGFR1)Kennedy disease (SBMA)Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)Leigh Syndrome and NARP (neurogenic muscle weakness, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa)Loeys-Dietz Syndrome (LDS) (see below)Long QT syndrome (see below)Limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD1, LGMD2) (FKRP (Fukutin related protein))Malignant hyperthermia (RYR1) (see below)Maple syrup urine disease (branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1)Marfan’s syndrome (TGFBR1, TGFBR2) (see below)Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY2, MODY3) (see below)Mc Ardle's disease Medium chain acyl co A dehydrogenase deficiency (ACADM)Medullary thyroid carcinoma MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes) (MTTL1, t RNAleu)Meckel-Gruber syndrome Mucolipidosis type IV (MCOLN1, mucolipin 1)Mucopolysaccharidoses type 1 (MPS-1)Muenke syndrome (FGFR3)Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1Muscle-Eye-Brain disease (POMGNT1)MUTYH-associated polyposis (MYH) (see below)Myoclonic epilepsy (MERRF) (MTTK (t RNAlys))Myotonic dystrophy (DMPK, ZNF-9) (see below)Neimann-Pick disease, type A (SMPD1, sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase)Nephrotic syndrome, congenital (NPHS1, NPHS2) (see below)Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1, neurofibromin) (see below)Neurofibromatosis type 2 (Merlin) (see below)Neutropenia, congenital cyclic Nephronophthisis Osteogenesis imperfecta (see below)Phenylketonuria (PAH)Pfeiffer syndrome (FGFR1)Prader-Willi-Angelman syndrome (SNRPN, GABRA5, NIPA1, UBE3A, ANCR, GABRA) (see below)Primary dystonia (TOR1A (DYT1)) (see below)Prothrombin (F2 (Factor II, 20210G> A mutation)) (see below)Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD)Retinoblastoma (Rh)Rett syndrome (FOXG1, MECP2)RPE65 mutation-associated retinal dystrophy Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (TWIST, FGFR2)SHOX-related short stature (see below)Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome Spinal muscular atrophy (SMN1, SMN2) (see below)Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA types 1, 2, 3 (MJD), 6 (CACNA1A), 7, 8, 10, 17 and DRPLA) (see below)Tay-Sachs disease (HEXA (hexosaminidase A)) (see below)Thanatophoric dysplasia (FGFR3)Thoracic aortic aneurysms/dissections (TAAD) (see below)Von Gierke disease (G6PC, Glycogen storage disease, Type 1a)Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL) (see below)Walker-Warburg syndrome (POMGNT1)22q11 deletion syndromes (DCGR (CATCH-22))* Medically necessary if results of the adrenocortical profile following cosyntropin stimulation test are equivocal or for purposes of genetic counseling. ** Electrophoresis is the appropriate initial laboratory test for individuals judged to be at-risk for a hemoglobin disorder. In the absence of specific information regarding advances in the knowledge of mutation characteristics for a particular disorder, the current literature indicates that genetic tests for inherited disease need only be conducted once per lifetime of the member. Note: Genetic testing of Aetna members is excluded from coverage under Aetna's benefit plans if the testing is performed primarily for the medical management of other family members who are not covered under an Aetna benefit plan. In these circumstances, the insurance carrier for the family members who are not covered by Aetna should be contacted regarding coverage of genetic testing. Occasionally, genetic testing of tissue samples from other family members who are not covered by Aetna may be required to provide the medical information necessary for the proper medical care of an Aetna member. Aetna covers genetic testing for heritable disorders in non-Aetna members when all of the following conditions are met: The information is needed to adequately assess risk in the Aetna member; and The information will be used in the immediate care plan of the Aetna member; and The non-Aetna member's benefit plan, if any, will not cover the test (a copy of the denial letter *** from the non-Aetna member's benefit plan must be provided). ***"
},
{
"docid": "D2081794#0",
"title": "http://the-medical-dictionary.com/arrhythmogenic_right_ventricular_dysplasia.htm\nArrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia",
"text": "Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia ( ARVD, also known as arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy or ARVC) is a type of nonischemic cardiomyopathy that involves primarily the right ventricle. It is characterized by hypokinetic areas involving the free wall of the right ventricle, with fibrofatty replacement of the right ventricular myocardium, with associated arrhythmias originating in the right ventricle. more... Home Diseases AAagenaes syndrome Aarskog Ose Pande syndrome Aarskog syndrome Aase Smith syndrome Aase syndrome ABCD syndrome Abdallat Davis Farrage... Abdominal aortic aneurysm Abdominal cystic... Abdominal defects Ablutophobia Absence of Gluteal muscle Acalvaria Acanthocheilonemiasis Acanthocytosis Acarophobia Acatalasemia Accessory pancreas Achalasia Achard syndrome Achard-Thiers syndrome Acheiropodia Achondrogenesis Achondrogenesis type 1AAchondrogenesis type 1BAchondroplasia Achondroplastic dwarfism Achromatopsia Acid maltase deficiency Ackerman syndrome Acne Acne rosacea Acoustic neuroma Acquired ichthyosis Acquired syphilis Acrofacial dysostosis,... Acromegaly Acrophobia Acrospiroma Actinomycosis Activated protein C... Acute febrile... Acute intermittent porphyria Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Acute lymphocytic leukemia Acute mountain sickness Acute myelocytic leukemia Acute myelogenous leukemia Acute necrotizing... Acute promyelocytic leukemia Acute renal failure Acute respiratory... Acute tubular necrosis Adams Nance syndrome Adams-Oliver syndrome Addison's disease Adducted thumb syndrome... Adenoid cystic carcinoma Adenoma Adenomyosis Adenosine deaminase... Adenosine monophosphate... Adie syndrome Adrenal incidentaloma Adrenal insufficiency Adrenocortical carcinoma Adrenogenital syndrome Adrenoleukodystrophy Aerophobia Agoraphobia Agrizoophobia Agyrophobia Aicardi syndrome Aichmophobia AIDSAIDS Dementia Complex Ainhum Albinism Albright's hereditary... Albuminurophobia Alcaptonuria Alcohol fetopathy Alcoholic hepatitis Alcoholic liver cirrhosis Alektorophobia Alexander disease Alien hand syndrome Alkaptonuria Alliumphobia Alopecia Alopecia areata Alopecia totalis Alopecia universalis Alpers disease Alpha 1-antitrypsin... Alpha-mannosidosis Alport syndrome Alternating hemiplegia Alzheimer's disease Amaurosis Amblyopia Ambras syndrome Amelogenesis imperfecta Amenorrhea American trypanosomiasis Amoebiasis Amyloidosis Amyotrophic lateral... Anaphylaxis Androgen insensitivity... Anemia Anemia, Diamond-Blackfan Anemia, Pernicious Anemia, Sideroblastic Anemophobia Anencephaly Aneurysm Aneurysm Aneurysm of sinus of... Angelman syndrome Anguillulosis Aniridia Anisakiasis Ankylosing spondylitis Ankylostomiasis Annular pancreas Anorchidism Anorexia nervosa Anosmia Anotia Anthophobia Anthrax disease Antiphospholipid syndrome Antisocial personality... Antithrombin deficiency,... Anton's syndrome Aortic aneurysm Aortic coarctation Aortic dissection Aortic valve stenosis Apert syndrome Aphthous stomatitis Apiphobia Aplastic anemia Appendicitis Apraxia Arachnoiditis Argininosuccinate... Argininosuccinic aciduria Argyria Arnold-Chiari malformation Arrhythmogenic right... Arteriovenous malformation Arteritis Arthritis Arthritis, Juvenile Arthrogryposis Arthrogryposis multiplex... Asbestosis Ascariasis Aseptic meningitis Asherman's syndrome Aspartylglycosaminuria Aspergillosis Asphyxia neonatorum Asthenia Asthenia Asthenophobia Asthma Astrocytoma Ataxia telangiectasia Atelectasis Atelosteogenesis, type IIAtherosclerosis Athetosis Atopic Dermatitis Atrial septal defect Atrioventricular septal... Atrophy Attention Deficit... Autoimmune hepatitis Autoimmune... Automysophobia Autonomic dysfunction Familial Alzheimer disease Senescence BCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZMedicines Overview ARVD is an important cause of ventricular arrhythmias in children and young adults. It is seen predominantly in males, and 30-50% of cases have a familial distribution. It is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, with variable expression. The penetrance is 20-35% in general, but significantly higher in Italy. Seven gene loci have been implicated in ARVD. However, about 50% of families that express ARVD that undergo genetic screening do not show linkage with any of the known chromosomal loci. It is unclear whether the pathogenesis varies with the different loci involved. A standard genetic screening test is not available."
},
{
"docid": "D2314529#0",
"title": "https://www.sads.org/What-is-SADS\nWarning Signs of SADS",
"text": "Sudden Arrhythmia Death Syndromes (SADS) are genetic heart conditions that can cause sudden death in young, apparently healthy, people. These conditions can be treated and deaths can be prevented. Warning Signs of SADSfamily history of unexpected, unexplained sudden death under age 40fainting or seizure during exercise, excitement or startleconsistent or unusual chest pain and/or shortness of breath during exercise. Please click here if you or a child you know have any of these Warning Signs Because SADS condition are passed down from parent to child, each child of an affected parent has a 50% chance of inheriting the condition. It is estimated that over half of the 4,000 SADS deaths each year of children, teens, or young adults have one of the top two warning signs: 1) family history – of a SADS diagnosis or sudden unexplained death (usually undiagnosed and untreated) of a family member, or 2) fainting. SADS conditions occur because the electrical system of the heart is not working properly, so that the heart beats with an abnormal rhythm. Facts about SADS Conditions Each year in the U nited States, approximately 210,000 Americans die suddenly and unexpectedly due to Sudden Cardiac Arrest. ( American Heart Association 2017)10-12% of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) cases are due to Long QT Syndrome. LQTS is now known to be 3 times more common in the US than childhood leukemia.1 in 200,000 high school athletes in the US will die suddenly, most without any prior symptoms— JAMA 1996; 276SADS conditions are: Brugada Syndrome Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT)Long QT Syndrome (LQTS)Short QT Syndrome (SQTS)Timothy Syndrome Wolff Parkinson White (WPW)Other SADS related conditions may include malformations of the heart muscle. A dysplasia (misplaced) or cardiomyopathy (thickening) of the heart muscle can be related to Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), or Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DM)."
},
{
"docid": "D1308713#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocarditis\nMyocarditis",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Myocarditis Synonyms Inflammatory cardiomyopathy A microscope image of myocarditis at autopsy in a person with acute onset of heart failure Specialty Cardiology Symptoms Shortness of breath, chest pain, decreased ability to exercise, irregular heartbeat [1]Complications Heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrest [1]Duration Hours to months [1]Causes Usually viral infection, also bacterial infections, certain medications, toxins, autoimmune disorders [1] [2]Diagnostic method Electrocardiogram, blood troponin, heart MRI, heart biopsy [1] [2]Treatment Medications, implantable cardiac defibrillator, heart transplant [1] [2]Medication ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, diuretics, corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin [1] [2]Frequency 2.5 million with cardiomyopathy (2015) [3]Deaths 354,000 with cardiomyopathy (2015) [4]Myocarditis, also known as inflammatory cardiomyopathy, is inflammation of the heart muscle. [ 1] Symptoms can include shortness of breath, chest pain, decreased ability to exercise, and an irregular heartbeat. [ 1] The duration of problems can vary from hours to months. [ 1] Complications may include heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy or cardiac arrest. [ 1]Myocarditis is most often due to a viral infection. [ 1] Other causes include bacterial infections, certain medications, toxins, and autoimmune disorders. [ 1] [2] A diagnosis may be supported by an electrocardiogram (ECG), increased troponin, heart MRI, and occasionally a heart biopsy. [ 1] [2] An ultrasound of the heart is important to rule out other potential causes such as heart valve problems. [ 2]Treatment depends on both the severity and the cause. [ 1] [2] Medications such as ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and diuretics are often used. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1239214#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/48860294/current-chapter-10-heart-disease-flash-cards/\nCurrent Chapter 10-Heart Disease",
"text": "\"184 terms er_trauma_nurse_grl Current Chapter 10-Heart Disease Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort What are the most common signs and symptoms of heart disease? The most common s/s of heart disease are dyspnea, chest pain, palpitations, syncope or presyncope, and fatigue. None are specific, and interpretation depends on the entire clinical picture and, in many cases, diagnostic testing. Chest pain or discomfort: Chest pain and other forms of discomfort are common symptoms that can occur as a result of pulmonary, pleural, or musculoskeletal disease, esophageal or other GI disorders, or anxiety states, as well as many cardiovascular diseases. Myocardial ischemia: Myocardial ischemia is a frequent cause of cardiac chest pain and is usually described as dull, aching, or as a sensation of \"\"pressure,\"\" \"\"tightness,\"\" \"\"squeezing,\"\" or \"\"gas,\"\" rather than as sharp or spasmodic. Ischemic symptoms: frequently are first noted only with exercise or cardiac stress from cold exposure, meals, or a combination of factors and often resolve quickly once the inciting event is over. Progressive symptoms or symptoms at rest may represent unstable angina due to coronary plaque rupture and thrombosis. Myocardial infarction: Protracted episodes often represent myocardial infarction, although 1/3rd of patients with acute myocardial infarctions do not have chest pain. When present, the pain is commonly accompanied by a sense of anxiety or uneasiness. The location is usually retrosternal or left precordial."
},
{
"docid": "D501600#0",
"title": "https://www.verywell.com/premature-ventricular-complexes-pvcs-1745222\nPremature Ventricular Complexes - PVCs",
"text": "\"Heart Health Heart Disease Palpitations & Arrhythmias Premature Ventricular Complexes - PVCs How significant are they, and what should you do about them? By Richard N. Fogoros, MD, a board-certified physician Updated July 14, 2017Share Pin Email Print Article Table of Contents Overview Symptoms Significance Diagnosis Risk Level Treatments Back To Top Yagi Studio/Getty Images Among the many different types of cardiac arrhythmias, few have created as much consternation and confusion among both doctors and patients as premature ventricular complexes (PVCs, also called premature ventricular contractions). In various doctors offices, and at various points in history, PVCs have been regarded as either harbingers of impending death, or as completely benign phenomena that require no attention whatsoever. The right answer is somewhere in between these two extremes. To really understand the significance of PVCs, we need to review what they are, what they imply in terms of medical prognosis, how they ought to be evaluated, and how they ought to be treated. Overview A PVC is an extra electrical impulse arising from one of the cardiac ventricles. Because this extra impulse appears before the next normal heart beat has a chance to occur, it is called \"\"premature. \"\" Read about the cardiac chambers. Read about the heart's electrical system. PVCs are diagnosed by observing them on an electocardiogram."
},
{
"docid": "D753485#0",
"title": "http://www.optimal-heart-health.com/enlargedheart.html\nEnlarged Heart: Sign Of An Underlying Problem",
"text": "Enlarged Heart: Sign Of An Underlying Problem What Causes An Enlarged Heart? Like any muscle an enlarged heart is caused by overwork. Bodybuilders know that building large muscles requires that the muscles be overworked. It is the same with the heart. The human heart is already a workhorse. The average heart beats nearly 100,000 times per day and moves about 2,000 gallons of blood. That is quite a load. But what happens when the heart gets weaker and can not keep up with the demand? The heart enlarges to compensate for its inability to handle the workload. When the heart becomes too weak under increased strain it works harder."
},
{
"docid": "D1388874#0",
"title": "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/inherited+cardiomyopathy\ncardiomyopathy",
"text": "\"cardiomyopathy (redirected from inherited cardiomyopathy) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia . Cardiomyopathy Definition Cardiomyopathy is a chronic disease of the heart muscle (myocardium), in which the muscle is abnormally enlarged, thickened, and/or stiffened. The weakened heart muscle loses the ability to pump blood effectively, resulting in irregular heartbeats ( arrhythmias) and possibly even heart failure. Description Cardiomyopathy, a disease of the heart muscle, primarily affects the left ventricle, which is themain pumping chamber of the heart. The disease is often associated with inadequate heartpumping and other heart function abnormalities. Cardiomyopathy is not common (affecting about50,000 persons in the United States) but it can be severely disabling or fatal. Severe cases mayresult in heart failure and will require a heart transplant for patient survival. Cardiomyopathy is a heart condition that not only affects middle-aged and elderly persons, but can also affect infants,children, and adolescents. There are four major types of cardiomyopathy: Dilated ( congestive cardiomyopathy ). This is the most common form of the disease."
},
{
"docid": "D422604#0",
"title": "http://www.emedicinehealth.com/cardiomyopathy/page3_em.htm\nCardiomyopathy",
"text": "\"What is cardiomyopathy? What are the signs and symptoms of cardiomyopathy? What causes cardiomyopathy? What causes primary cardiomyopathy? What causes secondary cardiomyopathy? What causes extrinsic and intrinsic cardiomyopathies? How is cardiomyopathy diagnosed? When to seek medical care for cardiomyopathy What is the treatment for cardiomyopathy? What medications treat cardiomyopathies? Do I need to follow-up with my doctor after being diagnosed and treated for cardiomyopathy?"
}
] |
8659 | _____ criminology focuses on the common actions of lawbreakers | [
{
"docid": "D2362361#0",
"title": "http://fs.huntingdon.edu/jlewis/Outlines/TerrorWhiteCh02.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Chapter 2Individual and Group Behavior This chapter focuses on some of the criminological aspects of terrorism. Terrorists have the same social and psychological motivations of all other people, and they tend to behave in predictable manners. Experienced hostage negotiators are keenly aware of the human needs and fears in even the most hardened terrorists. Yet, terrorists also behave differently than mainstream criminals. Terrorists place a greater emphasis on some of the factors that motivate normal behavior. For example, politics and religion are more important to many terrorists than they are to most people. In addition, the techniques that work against common criminality may not work against terrorists. Police officers cannot apprehend terrorists by using standard investigation and arrest procedures. Finally, terrorists must be able to justify their actions, at least to their own satisfaction. Since they have no legitimate social structure such as a nation-state or an official organization, the role of group support and the group’s belief system become extremely important in understanding terrorist behavior."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D635244#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_choice_theory_(criminology)\nRational choice theory (criminology)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Criminology and penology Theory [hide]Anomie Biosocial criminology Broken windows Collective efficacy Crime analysis Criminalization Differential association Deviance Labeling theory Psychopathy Rational choice Social control Social disorganization Social learning Strain Subculture Symbolic interactionism Victimology Types of crime [show]Penology [show]Schools [show]v t e In criminology, rational choice theory adopts a utilitarian belief that man is a reasoning actor who weighs means and ends, costs and benefits, and makes a rational choice. This method was designed by Cornish and Clarke to assist in thinking about situational crime prevention. [ 1] It is assumed that crime is purposive behavior designed to meet the offender’s commonplace needs for such things as money, status, sex and excitement, and that meeting these needs involves the making of (sometimes quite rudimentary) decisions and choices, constrained as these are by limits, ability, and the availability of relevant information... [2]Contents [ hide ]1 Assumptions and central points2 Elements3 Routine activity theory4 Situational crime prevention5 Emotions6 Notes7 References Assumptions and central points [ edit]Rational choice is based on numerous assumptions, one of which is individualism. [ 3] The offender sees himself as an individual. The second is that individuals have to maximize their goals, and the third is that individuals are self-interested. [ 4] Offenders are thinking about themselves and how to advance their personal goals. Central points of the theory are described as follows: [5]The human being is a rational actor. Rationality involves end/means calculations. People (freely) choose behavior, both conforming and deviant, based on their rational calculations. The central element of calculation involves a cost benefit analysis: Pleasure versus pain or hedonistic calculus."
},
{
"docid": "D223369#0",
"title": "http://www.ncchild.org/staff/\nStaff & Fellows",
"text": "Staff & Fellows Michelle Hughes Executive Director Michelle joined NC Child in October 2014. As Executive Director, Michelle oversees the staff, finances, and strategic direction of the organization. Additionally, Michelle serves as NC Child’s primary point of contact to external allies, including policymakers, the media, and private allies. Michelle has worked in the field of children’s advocacy for almost 20 years in North Carolina. She has served in a number of executive and leadership positions including Project Director of the Partnering for Excellence Initiative at Benchmarks, Executive Vice-President for Prevent Child Abuse North Carolina, and Public Action Director at the NC Child Advocacy Institute, the organizational predecessor to NC Child. Michelle’s leadership and advocacy for children has been recognized both nationally and in North Carolina. She is the 2012 recipient of the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children, Youth and Families Commissioner’s Award and the 2012 North Carolina Pediatric Society, Tom Vitaglione Child Health Advocacy Award. A graduate of Loyola College in Baltimore, Maryland, Michelle holds Master’s degrees in English and Social Work from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Michelle can be reached at 919.834.6623 ext. 224 or at [email protected]."
},
{
"docid": "D1881406#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recidivism\nRecidivism",
"text": "\"Recidivism From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about recidivism in criminology and penology. For recidivism in medicine, see Recidivism (medicine). \"\" Repeat offender\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Repeat Offender. The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. ( December 2010) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Criminology and penology Theory Types of crime Penology Deterrence Incapacitation Prisonreformabolition Prisonerprisoner abuseprisoners' rights Rehabilitation Recidivism Justice in penology Participatory Restorative Retributive Solitary confinement Schoolsv t e Positive criminology People Italian school of positive criminology ( Enrico Ferri, Raffaele Garofalo, Cesare Lombroso) Natti Ronel Topics Peacemaking criminology Positive psychology Recidivism Rehabilitation (penology)Reintegrative shaming Restorative justice Right realism Social integration Therapeutic jurisprudencev t e Recidivism ( / r ɪ ˈ s ɪ d ɪ v ɪ z əm /; from recidive and ism, from Latin recidīvus \"\"recurring\"\", from re- \"\"back\"\" and cadō \"\"I fall\"\") is the act of a person repeating an undesirable behavior after they have either experienced negative consequences of that behavior, or have been trained to extinguish that behavior. It is also used to refer to the percentage of former prisoners who are rearrested for a similar offense. [ 1]The term is frequently used in conjunction with criminal behavior and substance abuse. ( Recidivism is a synonym for \"\" relapse \"\", which is more commonly used in medicine and in the disease model of addiction .)"
},
{
"docid": "D2415156#0",
"title": "https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Color_of_Justice_Race_Ethnicity_and.html?id=hNflgBAGvYgC\nThe Color of Justice: Race, Ethnicity, and Crime in America",
"text": "The Color of Justice: Race, Ethnicity, and Crime in America Samuel Walker, Cassia Spohn, Miriam De Lone Cengage Learning, Jul 25, 2012 - Social Science - 560 pages0 Reviews Comprehensive and balanced, THE COLOR OF JUSTICE is the definitive book on current research and theories of racial and ethnic discrimination within America's Criminal Justice system. The best and the most recent research on patterns of criminal behavior and victimization, police practices, court processing and sentencing, the death penalty, and correctional programs are covered giving students the facts and theoretical foundation they need to make their own informed decisions about discrimination in the system. Uniquely unbiased, THE COLOR OF JUSTICE makes every effort to incorporate discussion of all major race groups found in the United States. Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may not be available in the ebook version. More »Preview this book »What people are saying - Write a review We haven't found any reviews in the usual places. Selected pages Title Page Table of Contents Index References Contents Race Ethnicity and Crime Americans Continuing Crisis ... 1Victims and Offenders Myths and Realities about Crime ... 39Race Ethnicity Social Structure and Crime ... 97Justice on the Street? The Police and Racial and Ethnic Minorities ... 129The Courts A Quest for Justice during the Pretrial Process ... 195Justice on the Bench? Trial and Adjudication in Criminal Court ... 241Race and Sentencing In Search of Fairness and Justice ... 281The Color of Death Race and the Death Penalty ... 345Corrections in America A Portrait in Color ... 403Minority Youth and Crime Minority Youth in Court ... 443The Color of Justice 491Selected Bibliography 497Index 521Copyright Other editions - View all‹Dec 5, 2016Limited preview Jul 25, 2012Limited preview Dec 5, 2016Limited preview2004Snippet view1996Snippet view Jun 16, 2011No preview Dec 5, 2016No preview Dec 5, 2016No preview›Common terms and phrases African American African American males African American offenders American and Hispanic American and whiteargue arrest Asian Americans attorneys behavior Bureau of Justice capital punishment charged Chicago colorconvicted crack cocaine criminal justice system Criminology death penalty defendants Delinquency Department of Justice differences drug offenders evidence example factors federal felony females Gender groups higher homicide Ibid immigration impact incarceration rates inmates involving jail jurors jury Justice Statistics Juvenile Justice Latinomurder National Native American neighborhood non-Hispanic pattern percent peremptory challenges Pew Hispanic Center police departments police officers pretrial prosecutors punishment race and ethnicity race/ethnicity racial and ethnic racial discrimination racial disparities racial minorities racial profiling rape result Review robberysentenced to death sentencing decisions social stereotypes Supreme Court tion trial U. S. Department U. S. Supreme Court United victimization rates violent crimes war on drugs Washington White African white offenders women York About the author (2012)Samuel Walker is Professor Emeritus of Criminal Justice at the University of Nebraska, Omaha, where he taught for 31 years before retiring in 2005. He is the author of 13 books on policing, criminal justice history and policy, and civil liberties. His current research involves police accountability, focusing primarily on citizen oversight of the police and police Early Intervention Systems (EIS)."
},
{
"docid": "D2627406#0",
"title": "http://www.studymode.com/subjects/what-is-the-importance-of-studying-psychology-in-a-criminology-student-page1.html\n\"\"\"What Is The Importance Of Studying Psychology In A Criminology Student\"\" Essays and Research Papers\"",
"text": "\"What Is The Importance Of Studying Psychology In A Criminology Student What is the importance of studying sociology? Of the various social sciences, sociology seems to be the youngest. It is gradually developing. Still it has remarkable progress. Its uses are recognized widely today. In modern times, there is a growing realization of the importance of the scientific study of social phenomena and the means of promoting what Prof. Giddings calls human adequacy (human welfare). The study of sociology has a great value especially in modern complex society. Some of the... Anthropology, Band society, Institution 967 Words | 3 Pages Open Document Criminology Criminology CJA/314 February 14, 2013 Criminology Criminology is the body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon. Criminology is the scientific approach to studying criminal behavior (Bryant & Peck, 2007). “"
},
{
"docid": "D3317#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labeling_theory\nLabeling theory",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ( February 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Labeling theory is the theory of how the self-identity and behavior of individuals may be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them. It is associated with the concepts of self-fulfilling prophecy and stereotyping. Labeling theory holds that deviance is not inherent to an act, but instead focuses on the tendency of majorities to negatively label minorities or those seen as deviant from standard cultural norms. [ 1] The theory was prominent during the 1960s and 1970s, and some modified versions of the theory have developed and are still currently popular. A stigma is defined as a powerfully negative label that changes a person's self-concept and social identity. [ 2]Labeling theory is closely related to social-construction and symbolic-interaction analysis. [ 2] Labeling theory was developed by sociologists during the 1960s. Howard Saul Becker's book Outsiders was extremely influential in the development of this theory and its rise to popularity."
},
{
"docid": "D525163#0",
"title": "http://www.shestokas.com/general-law/criminal-law/the-purpose-of-criminal-punishment/\nThe Purpose of Criminal Punishment",
"text": "The Purpose of Criminal Punishment October 25, 2012 by David J. Shestokas Filed Under: Criminal Law Tagged With: criminal defense, criminal law, felony, legal process, misdemeanor People who break the law are punished. Criminal penalties range from a small fine or community service to the death penalty. Why are criminals punished? To justify imposing punishment on one of its members, a society must have a purpose. Most people accept that there are consequences for criminal conduct. The consequences are generally unpleasant and extract from the lawbreaker either his liberty or his property. Once someone is found guilty of a crime, either a felony or amisdemeanor, punishment is imposed. There is not a single reason to impose a penalty. The reasons for punishing lawbreakers are varied, and the reasons vary with the crime but each punishment has a purpose: Retribution or Revenge Deterrence/Public Education Incapacitation Rehabilitation Retribution or Revenge A crime is considered an act that not only injures the specific victim, but also harms society. A person’s harmful acts may outrage the society as a whole."
},
{
"docid": "D3181791#0",
"title": "https://www.d.umn.edu/~bmork/2306/readings/cohenfelson.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach LAWRENCE E. COHEN and MARCUS FELSON American Sociological Review 1979INTRODUCTIONIn its summary report the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence (1969: xxxvii) presents an important sociological paradox: Why, we must ask, have urban violent crime rates increased substantially during the past decade when the conditions that are supposed to cause violent crime have not worsened-have, indeed, generally improved? The Bureau of the Census, in its latest report on trends in social and economic conditions in metropolitan areas, states that most \"\"indicators of well-being point toward progress in the cities since 196O.\"\" Thus, for example, the proportion of blacks in cities who completed high school rose from 43 percent in 1960 to 61 percent in 1968; unemployment rates dropped significantly between 1959 and 1967 and the median family income of blacks in cities increased from 61 percent to (8 percent of the median white family income during the same period. Also during the same period the number of persons living below the legally-defined poverty level in cities declined from 11.3 million to 8.3 million. Despite the general continuation of these trends in social and economic conditions in the United States, the Uniform Crime Report (FBI, 1975:49) indicates that between 1960 and 1975 reported rates of robbery, aggravated assault, forcible rape and homicide increased by 263%, 164%, 174%, and 188%, respectively. Similar property crime rate increases reported during this same period' (e.g., 200% for burglary rate) suggest that the paradox noted by the Violence Commission applies to nonviolent offenses as well. In the present paper we consider these paradoxical trends in crime rates in terms of changes in the \"\"routine activities\"\" of everyday life. We believe the structure of such activities influences criminal opportunity and therefore affects trends in a class of crimes we refer to as direct-contact predatory violations. Predatory violations are defined here as illegal acts in which \"\"someone definitely and intentionally takes or damages the person or property of another\"\" (Glaser, 1971:4). Further, this analysis is confined to those predatory violations involving direct'@physical contact between at least one offender and at least one person or object which that offender attempts to take or damage. We argue that structural changes in routine activity patterns can influence crime rates by affecting the convergence in space and time of the three minimal elements of direct-contact predatory violations: (1) motivated offenders, (2) suitable targets, and (3) the absence of capable guardians against a violation."
},
{
"docid": "D1297580#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_minimis\nDe minimis",
"text": "\"De minimis From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search De minimis is a Latin expression meaning \"\"about minimal things\"\", normally in the locutions de minimis non curat praetor (\"\"The praetor does not concern himself with trifles\"\") or de minimis non curat lex (\"\"The law does not concern itself with trifles\"\") a legal doctrine by which a court refuses to consider trifling matters. [ 1] [2] Queen Christina of Sweden (r. 1633–1654) favoured the similar Latin adage, aquila non capit muscās (the eagle does not catch flies). [ 3]The general term has come to have a variety of specialised meanings in various contexts as shown below, which indicate that beneath a certain low level a quantity is regarded as trivial, and treated commensurately. Contents [ hide ]1 Examples of application of the de minimis rule1.1 Taxation1.2 European Union usage1.3 Criminology and crime1.4 Risk assessment1.5 Copyright1.6 Education1.7 Miscellaneous examples2 See also3 References Examples of application of the de minimis rule [ edit]Taxation [ edit]Under U. S. tax rules, the de minimis rule governs the treatment of small amounts of market discount. Under the rule, if a bond is purchased with a small amount of market discount (an amount less than 0.25% of the face value of a bond times the number of complete years between the bond's acquisition date and its maturity date) the market discount is considered to be zero. If the market discount is less than the de minimis amount, the discount on the bond is generally treated as a capital gain upon disposition or redemption rather than as ordinary income. [ 4] Under Internal Revenue Service guidelines, the de minimis rule can also apply to any benefit, property, or service provided to an employee that has so little value that reporting for it would be unreasonable or administratively impracticable; for example, use of a company photocopier to copy personal documents – see de minimis fringe benefit. Cash is not excludable, regardless of the amount. [ 5]Specifically in U. S. State income tax, de minimis refers to the point at which withholdings should be initiated for a nonresident working in a state which taxes personal income. Not all U. S. states levy income taxes, and there's little consistency among nonresident de minimis standards for those that do."
},
{
"docid": "D1600258#0",
"title": "http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195396607/obo-9780195396607-0078.xml\nLabeling TheoryRay Paternoster, Ronet BachmanLAST REVIEWED: 05 May 2017LAST MODIFIED: 28 May 2013DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780195396607-0078",
"text": "Labeling Theory Ray Paternoster, Ronet Bachman LAST REVIEWED: 05 May 2017LAST MODIFIED: 28 May 2013DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780195396607-0078Introduction Labeling theory is a vibrant area of research and theoretical development within the field of criminology. Originating in the mid- to late-1960s in the United States at a moment of tremendous political and cultural conflict, labeling theorists brought to center stage the role of government agencies, and social processes in general, in the creation of deviance and crime. The theory represented both a theoretical and methodological break from the past, and it could reasonably be argued that it was one of the dominant theoretical perspectives in the study of crime and deviance from the late 1960s until the early 1980s. It was also responsible for spurring countless empirical studies over this time period. Although there were periods when interest in labeling process was in decline, particularly after 1985, labeling theory has had a bit of a resurgence in recent years. Labeling theory has become part of a more general criminological theory of sanctions that includes deterrence theory’s focus on the crime reduction possibilities of sanctions, procedural justice theory’s focus on the importance of the manner in which sanctions are imposed, and defiance/reintegrative theory’s emphasis on individual differences in the social bond and persons’ emotional reaction to the label. Labeling theories of crime are often referred to as social reaction theories, because they focus primarily on the consequences of responses or reactions to crime. These responses or reactions typically focus on three sets of actors: (1) informal social others, such as the friends, parents, or partners of persons committing crimes, and who disapprove of the offender’s behavior; (2) organizations or institutions such as the criminal justice system, whose function it is to “do something about” crime; and (3) those who perceive a threat by some behavior and want to see legislation passed to outlaw it. All of these very diverse actions have one thing in common: they are all reactions to crime. As such, they are said to be “labels” because they have the quality of attaching a name or a signature to someone or some behavior—hence the name “labeling theory.”"
},
{
"docid": "D2307635#0",
"title": "http://www.criminaljusticeprograms.com/specialty/criminologist/\nCriminologist (found programs from 159 schools)",
"text": "\"Essential Aspects of a Criminology Major and Criminology Careers A criminologist degree will train degree holders to understand what makes criminals tick as well as how to circumvent their negative impacts on society. Criminologists utilize many of the same skillsets as detectives, though their job is less hands-on and draws more on the fields of sociology and psychology than on forensic methods. Their job isn't so much to catch criminals as it is to predict criminals' moves and work with local law enforcement to stay one step ahead of the bad guys. With the recent popularity of such shows as \"\"CSI,\"\" the field of criminology has become far more fascinating than ever to the general public. As sociologists, criminologists study factors such as when and where crimes are most often committed, the reasons for criminal behavior, and the types of crimes most often committed. They may also research crime's effect on society at large, and the government's response to crime. Criminologist Job Description What Jobs Can You Get With A Criminology Degree? Criminologists usually work closely with both local and federal law enforcement offices, and sometimes may even be employed by such agencies. The idea is to help law enforcement professionals catch criminals more quickly, predict patterns of criminal behavior, and improve agency response to crime. A criminologist may be called on by a small-town police department to help them solve a series of crimes, or may earn a paycheck from the FBI."
},
{
"docid": "D1816643#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoner\nPrisoner",
"text": "\"Prisoner From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Inmate\"\" redirects here. For the WWII bombardment, see Operation Inmate. For other uses, see Prisoner (disambiguation). Criminology and penology Theory [show]Types of crime [show]Penology [hide]Deterrence Incapacitation Prisonreformabolition Prisonerprisoner abuseprisoners' rights Rehabilitation Recidivism Justice in penology Participatory Restorative Retributive Solitary confinement Schools [show]v t e Gustave Doré 's image of the exercise yard at Newgate Prison (1872)A prisoner, (also known as an inmate or detainee) is a person who is deprived of liberty against his or her will. This can be by confinement, captivity, or by forcible restraint. The term applies particularly to those on trial or serving a prison sentence in a prison. [ 1]Contents [ hide ]1 English law2 History3 Psychological effects3.1 In solitary confinement3.2 Stockholm syndrome4 Inmate culture4.1 Convict code5 Rights5.1 United States6 Types7 See also8 References9 Further reading10 External links English law [ edit]\"\"Prisoner\"\" is a legal term for a person who is imprisoned. [ 2]In section 1 of the Prison Security Act 1992, the word \"\"prisoner\"\" means any person for the time being in a prison as a result of any requirement imposed by a court or otherwise that he be detained in legal custody. [ 3]\"\"Prisoner\"\" was a legal term for a person prosecuted for felony. It was not applicable to a person prosecuted for misdemeanour. ["
},
{
"docid": "D762246#0",
"title": "https://www.flashcardmachine.com/pearson-criminal-justice3.html\nShared Flashcard Set",
"text": "\"Shared Flashcard Set Details Title Pearson Criminal Justice Description Notes from Class and Chapter 3Total Cards 71Subject Criminal Justice Level Undergraduate 2Created 03/09/2011Click here to study/print these flashcards . Create your own flash cards! Sign up here . Additional Criminal Justice Flashcards Cards Term Agricultural History Definition Mostly farming Large Families Civil War accelerated industrial rev. Communities spread out Term Industry Definition Conformity driving force. Neighborhoods develop around factories. Merchants, schools, churches. Term Urbanization Definition Easier for kids to do riskier things with a number of kids. ( Peer Pressure0Term1825 New York House of Refuge Definition All children in trouble there. Children had no rights."
},
{
"docid": "D536492#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/strain-theory-sociology\nStrain theory",
"text": "Alternative Title: social-structural-strain theory Strain theory, in sociology, proposal that pressure derived from social factors, such as lack of income or lack of quality education, drives individuals to commit crime. The ideas underlying strain theory were first advanced in the 1930s by American sociologist Robert K. Merton, whose work on the subject became especially influential in the 1950s. Other researchers set forth similar ideas, including American criminologist Albert Cohen and American sociologists Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin. Classic strain theories focused primarily on disadvantaged groups, wherein common aspirations (e.g., realizing the “American dream”) and the inability to achieve those goals was considered a driving factor behind crime. Individuals whose incomes placed them below the poverty threshold, for example, were unable to realize common, socially accepted ambitions through legal means, and thus they were forced down a path of criminal behaviour to achieve their goals. Those theories later were reformulated, most prominently by American criminologists Robert Agnew and Steven F. Messner and Richard Rosenfeld. The result of Agnew’s work was general strain theory, which addressed weaknesses in earlier strain theories, including inadequate explanations for middle-class delinquency and inconsistencies between aspirations and expectations for fulfilling them. Key components of general strain theory included its consideration for the role of emotion in strain-derived crime and its consideration of a broad range of possible sources of societal pressure that might cause a person to commit crime. Learn More in these related articles:criminology: Sociological theories Social-structural-strain theories attempt to explain the high rate of theft for monetary gain in the United States as a product of the class structure of American society. They hold that pressures to achieve financial success drive people to engage in this type of crime."
},
{
"docid": "D2581365#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_the_difference_between_philosophy_and_sociology\nWhat is the difference between psychology and sociology?",
"text": "\"123bret 1 Contribution What is the difference between psychology and sociology? Psychology vs. Sociology Psychology examines more of the workings of the human mind, why persons think and behave as they do. Sociology tends to examine groups of persons ( …Andrew Sheldon 19 Contributions What is the difference between sociology and philosophy? Answer: Philosophy is the study of existence with the intent of developing epistemological, moral or political value judgements or imperatives to support decision-making as …Ntembu 33,923 Contributions Difference between anthropology and sociology? Anthropology is the science of human beings and their ancestors through time and space relating to physical character. It deals with origin and destiny. Sociology is the study …Snowball8123 89 Contributions What is the different between psychology and sociology? Sociology is the study of society and focuses on issues regarding inequalities, systems of privilege, \"\"self\"\" development and identity construction, differences among specific …What is the difference between philosophical and sociological? The term 'philosophical' literally means \"\"having to do withwisdom-loving\"\", while the term 'sociological' means \"\"having to dowith the study of society\"\". In practical terms, phi …Difference between psychology and sociology?"
},
{
"docid": "D775761#0",
"title": "http://www.detectiveedu.org/how-to-become-a-criminologist/\nRequirements to Become a Criminologist",
"text": "A criminologist studies crime prevention, the causes of crime, criminal behavior, and society’s response to crime. Criminology is a subset of sociology and psychology, although it has been classified as its own applied discipline. This field of study also draws on a number of other areas, including anthropology, psychiatry, biology, statistics, and economics, with subdivisions of criminology including everything from penology (the study of prisons and prison systems) and biocriminology (the study of the biological basis of criminal behavior) to forensic science and criminalistics. The job of a criminologist may include: Measuring crime and analyzing crime patterns Preventing/controlling crime, through the formulation and implementation of educational and rehabilitative programs Analyzing a criminal’s role in society and how society and the media respond to criminals in society Analyzing the responsiveness of law enforcement to crime Analyzing the rehabilitation of criminals and the effectiveness of rehabilitation and correctional programs SPONSOREDFeatured Programs: Regis University offers an Online Bachelor and Master of Science in Criminology Saint Joseph's University offers an Online Master of Science in Criminal Justice Capella University offers 100% online criminal justice degree programs and is proud to be partnered with the FBI National Academy Associates (FBINAA). Criminology has had an impact on the criminal justice system and has produced notable findings that have influenced how our law enforcement, corrections, and courts system address crime and criminals. Therefore, its significance cannot be overvalued or disregarded in today’s society. Individuals who want to learn how to become a criminologist must be prepared to meet specific requirements as to serve as a valuable member of this applied social science. Requirements to Become a Criminologist: Education and Degree Options Criminology, as a multidisciplinary field, lends itself to various, appropriate areas of study. As such, individuals who want to become criminologists may choose a number of paths of study to achieve this career goal. Although there are a number of universities and colleges that offer undergraduate degrees in criminology, the availability of these programs is not as widely available as other areas of study, such as psychology and sociology, for example; therefore, it is quite common for individuals to pursue a broader course of study for their undergraduate degree and then pursue criminology or a related field for their graduate degree, a common pursuit among criminologists."
},
{
"docid": "D68933#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmate\nPrisoner",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Inmate)navigation search\"\"Inmate\"\" redirects here. For the WWII bombardment, see Operation Inmate. For other uses, see Prisoner (disambiguation). Criminology and penology Theory [show]Types of crime [show]Penology [hide]Deterrence Incapacitation Prisonreformabolition Prisonerprisoner abuseprisoners' rights Rehabilitation Recidivism Justice in penology Participatory Restorative Retributive Solitary confinement Schools [show]v t e Gustave Doré 's image of the exercise yard at Newgate Prison (1872)A prisoner, (also known as an inmate or detainee) is a person who is deprived of liberty against his or her will. This can be by confinement, captivity, or by forcible restraint. The term applies particularly to those on trial or serving a prison sentence in a prison. [ 1]Contents [ hide ]1 English law2 History3 Psychological effects3.1 In solitary confinement3.2 Stockholm syndrome4 Inmate culture4.1 Convict code5 Rights5.1 United States6 Types7 See also8 References9 Further reading10 External links English law [ edit]\"\"Prisoner\"\" is a legal term for a person who is imprisoned. [ 2]In section 1 of the Prison Security Act 1992, the word \"\"prisoner\"\" means any person for the time being in a prison as a result of any requirement imposed by a court or otherwise that he be detained in legal custody. [ 3]\"\"Prisoner\"\" was a legal term for a person prosecuted for felony. It was not applicable to a person prosecuted for misdemeanour. ["
},
{
"docid": "D59235#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restorative_justice\nRestorative justice",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is written like a personal reflection or opinion essay that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings about a topic. Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style. ( March 2018) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)It has been suggested that Circle justice be merged into this article. ( Discuss) Proposed since March 2018. Criminology and penology Theory [show]Types of crime [show]Penology [hide]Deterrence Incapacitation Prisonreformabolition Prisonerprisoner abuseprisoners' rights Rehabilitation Recidivism Justice in penology Participatory Restorative Retributive Solitary confinement Schools [show]v t e Positive criminology People Italian school of positive criminology ( Enrico Ferri, Raffaele Garofalo, Cesare Lombroso) Natti Ronel Topics Peacemaking criminology Positive psychology Recidivism Rehabilitation (penology)Reintegrative shaming Restorative justice Right realism Social integration Therapeutic jurisprudencev t e Alternative dispute resolution Arbitration Conciliation Mediation Negotiation Collaborative law Conflict resolution Dispute resolution Lawyer-supported mediation Party-directed mediation Restorative justicev t e Restorative justice is an approach to justice that personalizes the crime by having the victims and the offenders mediate a restitution agreement to the satisfaction of each, as well as involving the community. This contrasts to other approaches such as retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, or incapacitation. Victims take an active role in the process. Meanwhile, offenders take meaningful responsibility for their actions, seizing the opportunity to right their wrongs and redeem themselves, in their own eyes and in the eyes of the community. [ 1] In addition, the restorative justice approach aims to help the offender to avoid future offenses. The approach is based on a theory of justice that considers crime and wrongdoing to be an offense against an individual or community, rather than the state. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1008083#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strain_theory_(sociology)\nStrain theory (sociology)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ( September 2012) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Criminology and penology Theory [hide]Anomie Biosocial criminology Broken windows Collective efficacy Crime analysis Criminalization Differential association Deviance Labeling theory Psychopathy Rational choice Social control Social disorganization Social learning Strain Subculture Symbolic interactionism Victimology Types of crime [show]Penology [show]Schools [show]v t e In sociology and criminology, strain theory states that social structures within society may pressure citizens to commit crime. Following on the work of Émile Durkheim, strain theories have been advanced by Robert King Merton (1938), Albert K. Cohen (1955), Richard Cloward, Lloyd Ohlin (1960), Neil Smelser (1963), Robert Agnew (1992), Steven Messner and Richard Rosenfeld (1994). Contents [ hide ]1 Strain theory1.1 Merton's theory2 Derived theories2.1 General strain theory2.2 Institutional anomie theory2.3 Illegitimate opportunities theory3 Other strain theorists3.1 Robert Agnew3.2 Jie Zhang4 Criticism5 Studies6 See also7 References8 External links Strain theory [ edit]Strain theory is a sociology and criminology theory developed in 1938 by Robert K. Merton. [ 1] The theory states that society puts pressure on individuals to achieve socially accepted goals (such as the American dream) though they lack the means, this leads to strain which may lead the individuals to commit crimes. Examples being selling drugs or becoming involved in prostitution to gain financial security. [ 1]Strain may either be: Structural: this refers to the processes at the societal level which filter down and affect how the individual perceives his or her needs, i.e. if particular social structures are inherently inadequate or there is inadequate regulation, this may change the individual's perceptions as to means and opportunities; or Individual: this refers to the frictions and pains experienced by an individual as he or she looks for ways to satisfy his or her needs, i.e. if the goals of a society become significant to an individual, actually achieving them may become more important than the means adopted. Merton's theory [ edit]Robert King Merton was an American sociologist who argued that society can encourage deviance to a large degree. Merton believed that socially accepted goals put pressure on people to conform."
},
{
"docid": "D1181766#0",
"title": "http://lawin.org/criminology-italian-school/\nCriminology Italian School",
"text": "\"Contents Criminology Italian School Development of Criminology: Modern Criminology in the Italian School Introduction to Criminology Italian School Resources Notes and References Guide to Criminology Italian School In this Section Criminology Italian School Development of Criminology: Modern Criminology in the Italian School Introduction to Criminology Italian School The founding of modern scientific criminology is generally credited to the so-called Italian school and to the work of its three principal exponents-Cesare Lombroso, Enrico Ferri, and Raffaele Garofalo. The first edition of Lombroso's most important work, L'uomo delinquente (The Criminal Man, 1876), attracted a great deal of attention because it appeared to demonstrate the feasibility of a genuinely scientific study of criminal behavior. Lombroso asserted that criminals are a distinct physical and biological type. He believed that the true criminal could be identified by observing certain physical traits, including a long lower jaw, asymmetric cranium, and other detectable conditions. These traits, according to Lombroso, did not cause criminal behavior, but they revealed an inherent propensity (inclination) to crime. Lombroso taught that the propensity toward crime was the result of atavism, a reversion to a more primitive state of human development. One of Lombroso's students, Enrico Ferri, accepted the existence of a criminal type but also focused on factors other than inherited physical characteristics as predictors of crime. He considered social factors such as population trends, religion, and the nature of the family. Ferri also proposed a more elaborate classification of criminal types, including the born or instinctive criminal, the insane criminal, the passionate criminal, the involuntary criminal, the occasional criminal, and the habitual criminal. According to Ferri, the last two types were not innate criminals but rather the products of unfortunate family or environmental circumstances."
}
] |
8660 | _____ discovered significant differences between organisms originally categorized under the monera kingdom; thus, these organisms were placed into two separate domains | [
{
"docid": "D1439658#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/16044418/biology-unit-9-microbiology-and-biodiversity-flash-cards/\nBiology Unit 9 Microbiology And Biodiversity",
"text": "\"2 terms dumastl487Biology Unit 9 Microbiology And Biodiversity Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Archaea and Bacteria Domains The Archaea and Bacteria domains encompass relatives of the oldest organisms on Earth. They are highly diverse because of all the time they have had to evolve and differentiate. These organisms are everywhere. They are on everything you touch and ingest. In fact, there are billions of bacteria in your intestines right now! The members of both Archaea and Bacteria have several similarities. For one, they are all prokaryotes. This means, they are all one-celled and are absent of a true nucleus."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2587590#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/10711381/biology-1-ch-17-flash-cards/\nBiology 1 Ch. 17",
"text": "\"87 terms leskovaa Biology 1 Ch. 17Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sortorganisms can be classified based on physical characteristicslinneaus classified based on physical characteristics, butnow can see DNA so changes are made to his system Linneaus made system caleld taxonomy which is the science of naming/classifying organismstaxon group of organisms in classified systembinomial nomenclature two-part scientific naming sytem -latin phrases -in italics -2 part: genus name (capitalize), and species descriptor (lower case and never written alone)a genus includes one or more physically simular species -species thought to be closely relatedscientific names help scientists communicate cause some species have simular names or many nameslinneaus had 7 levels called hiarchy -each level is included in level aboue -levels get more specific from kingdoms to specieslinneause had limmitations on taxonomy -didnt account for the molecular data due to no technology avaiblabe so it was based on physical characteristicsphysical characterisits arnet always result of close relationship -genetics show more acurate and is alwas\\ys the final saymodern characterists is based on evolotionary relationshipscladistics classifies based on common ansestorphlogeny evolutionary history of group -gotten from living species, fossils, and molecular data -shown in branching tree diagramcladistis is common method to make evolutionary tree -based on common ansestory and place in order that they desended from common ansestorcladogram evolutionary tree made by usings cladisticsclade group of species sharing common ansestor -each species in clade share some traits, but also have some changed traitsderived characters traits shared in diffrent degrees by clades -basis of arranging species in cladogram -the more closely related two are, the more derived characters shared -reoresented by hashmarknode where each branch of cladogram splits -represent most common ansestor in clade -clades are identified by snipping branch under nodemolecular evidnece shows species relationships -can confirm/disprove classification based on traitsmolecular clocks provide clues to evolutionary history -use mutations to estimate evolutionary timemutations add up at constant rate in related species -rate is the ticking of the molecular clock, the more time, the more mutationsscientists estimate molecular clock rate by linking data and real time -an even known to seperate species -first apperence of species in fossil records2 types of molecular clocks mitochondrial DNA and ribosomal RNA -diffrent molecules have diff mutationdiffrent mutation rates -higher rate mutation rates are better to study for closely related species -lower rates are better to study distantly related speciesmitochondrial DNA used to study closely related spceies -mutatin rate 10 times fatster than nuclear DNA -passed down, unshuffled from mother offspringribosomal RNA found in ribosome -used to study distincly related species (lower rate than most DNA) -has many conservative regionscurrent tree of life has 3 domainsclassification is a work in progresstree of life in 1753 linneaus said -plantea -animiliatree of life in 1866 haekel said all single-cell organisms move to protista -plantea -animilia -protistatree of life in 1938 copeland said prokaryotes moved to monera -plantae -animalia -protista -moneratree of life in 1959 whitaker said fungi make own kingdom -plantea -animilia -protista -monera -fungitree of life in 1977 woese said monera split to bacteria and archea -plantae -animalia -protista -fungi -bacteria -archea3 domains in tree of life -bacteria -archea -eukaryadomains -above kingdoms -proposed by carl wose based on r RNA studies of prokaryoted -clearly shows prokaryotes diversitydomain bacteria has prokaryotes in kingdom bacteria -largest group on earth -calssifed by shape, need for oxygen, and deises causeddomain archea has prokaryotes in kingdom archea -cell walls walls chemically diffrent than bacteria -differnece was discovered by studying RNA -known for living in extreme placesdomain eukary has eukarypted in kingdom protista, plantea, animalia, and fungibacteria, and archea can be difficult to classify cause they transfer genes amoung selves outside of repredution -blurs the lines of \"\"species\"\" -more research needed to be known about prokaryoteslinnaean taxonoxy classifies....based on...into groups called... -organisms -physical traits -taxonlinnaean taxonomy names...using a system called...which gives each species a... -species -binomial nomenclature -scientific namehow are the seven levels of linneaus' classificatin system organized hiarchydescribe the trend in the levels, or taxa, as you move down from kingdom to species they get from nost general to most specificseven taxa od linneaus classificantion -kingodom -phylum -class -order -family -genus -specieswhy did linnaeus base system on physical simularities alone, as opposed to molecular/genetic simularities techonology not availablewhy are physical simularities amoung species not always the result of close relationship animal traits can be evolved throughout convergent evolution (adapting simular conditions)why do scientists today rely on molecular/genetic simularities to classify organisms it will show a more accurate way of classificationtaxonomy is the science of... and...organisms -naming -classifyingwords from...lanuage are used in binomial nomenclature latinin binomial nomenclature, each species has unique name that includes... and... desciptor -genus -specieswhat is phylogeny evolutionary hisory for group of specieshow can phylogeny be shown branching tree diagramsdescribe main goal of cladistics to place species in order in which they desended from a common descenderwhat is clade group of species that share common ansestorhow are derived characters used in making a cladogram traits called derived charatcter are used to see the evolutionary relationships with a group of species -the more relates 2 things are the closer they will be on cladogramon a cladogram what is node and what does it represent where a branch split is a ndode, they represent the most recent common ancector shared by a cladegive two examples of molecular evidence that can be used to help determine species relatedness dna sequences can be used and protein/genes can determine species relatednesswhy are evolutinary trees often changed it is a work in progress due to molecular results showing otherwise ideas than phyisical simularitieswhat can be concluded if the genes of two species are ofund to be nearly identical the species are very closely relatedphylo- comes from greek word meaning \"\"class\"\" and the sufix \"\"geny\"\" means \"\"origen\"\". how meanings applied to the term phylogeny phlylogeny is the historic \"\"origin\"\" of groups of \"\"class\"\" of specieshow are the words cladistics and cladogram related cladogram can illustrate data compromised of claudisticstraits that are shared by some species of a group being studied, which other species in that group do not have, are called... derived characterswhat are molecular clocks models that use mutation rates to measure evolutionary timeexplain how species become moer and more diffret at the molecular level, after they have diverged from a common ansestor the more time passed from 2 diverged species, the more mutaions will build up so each will be more diffrent on a molecular levelhow can scientists estimate mutaion rates for use on developing a molecular clock they find links between molecular and real time data (can be found in geology/fossils)depending on how closely related species are, scientists must choose a molucule with an appropriate...rate to use as molecular clock mutaiondescription of mt DNA molecule -in mitochondriawhy mt DNA unique -found only in mitochondria -always inherited from motherhow mt DNA useful for molecular clock -mutaion rate 10 faster that nucelar DNA -used for closely related speciesdescrption of r RNA molecule -in ribosome where protiens madewhy r RNA unique -accumulate mutation slowlyhow r RNA useful for molecular clock -used to study disnatly related species (from diffrent kingdom ans phylum) -low mutation ratehow has kingdoms changed over years from 2 to 6 kingdomsdescribe woese discovery/impact it had on tree of life found 2 groups of genetically diffrent prokaryoted so the monera group split into bacteris and archeain 1753 the kingdoms LInneaus -animalia -planteain 1866 kingdoms Haeacked added protista -animalia -plantea -protistain 1938 kingdoms copeland add monera -animalia -protista -plantea -monerain 1959 kingdoms whittaken add fungi -animlia -plantea -protista -monera -fungiin 1977 kingdoms woese split monera -animalia -plantea -protista -archea -bacteria -fungicharacteristics of bacteria one of largest groups -have shape weird -need oxygen -can cause dieseasebacteria kingdom include -single-celled prokaryotes in bacteria kingdomarchea characteristics cell wall chemically diffrent -can live in extreme placesarchea kingdom include single-cell prokaryotes in archea kingdomeukarya characteristcs have distant nucleas and membrane-bound organelleseukarya kingdom include eukaryotic cells -prostita -plantea -fungi -animaliawhy difficult to classify bacteria and archea down to species level organisms transer gense in weird reproduction so not exactly \"\"species\"\" \""
},
{
"docid": "D2805231#0",
"title": "http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-eubacteria-and-vs-archaebacteria/\nDifference Between Eubacteria and Archaebacteria",
"text": "\"Difference Between Eubacteria and Archaebacteria Posted on August 3, 2012 by admin Eubacteria vs Archaebacteria All living things are categorized into two main groups such as prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Bacteria, which belong to the Monera kingdom, are a well-known prokaryotic organism. In 1970, a new organism was identified, and it was different from bacteria as implied in DNA analysis. So, later this classification was changed as Eubacteria, Archaebacteria and Eukaryota. However, “Archaebacteria” is not an accurate term for this new organism since they are not bacteria, so they are called Archaea. This group is considered as the primitive living organisms of the planet. Although Archaea and eubacteria are considered as two groups, they are prokaryotic organisms. Archaea (Archaebacteria)Archaea is unicellular, and it is found in extreme environments such as in deep sea, hot springs, alkaline or acid water. The early planet had different environment composition from the environment of today. This oldest living organism had tolerance for that harsh environment."
},
{
"docid": "D2462254#0",
"title": "http://slideplayer.com/theme/ppt-on-kingdom-monera-bacteria-13797.html\nPpt on kingdom monera bacteria",
"text": "\"acids Several sugars Lipids Purine and pyrimidine bases (found in DNA, RNA & ATP) Kingdom Monera Species number low (~17, 000), but most numerous on Earth 3.5 byo Two Divisions Eubacteria ( Bacteria & Cyanobacteria) Archaebacteria Kingdom Monera Prokaryotic Single-celled Diverse energy types: Chemoautotrophic- Purple sulfur bacteria Photoautotrophic- cyanobacteria Heterotrophic- E. coli saprobes parasites Kingdom Monera Some with cell walls, but cell walls composed of peptidoglycan, not cellulose (as/from the environment 5. Unicellular, prokaryotic, autotrophic or heterotrophic 6. Multi-cellular, heterotrophic, ingest food Review: 1. Which kingdom is made up of unicellular organisms with no nucleus? ( 1.) Protists (2.) Fungi (3.) Monera (4.) Plants 2. Bacteria are found in the kingdom (1.)"
},
{
"docid": "D804138#0",
"title": "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/classification+system\nclassification",
"text": "\"classification (redirected from classification system) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Wikipedia . See also: Examples of Systematic Classification (table)Examples of Systematic Classification Common Name Species Name Genus Family Order Class Phylum (Division) Kingdom Humans Homo sapiens Homo Hominidae Primates Mammalia Chordata Animalia Rhesus monkey Macaca mulatta Macaca Cercopithecidae..... Click the link for more information.classification,in biology, the systematic categorization of organisms into a coherentscheme. The original purpose of biological classification, or systematics, was to organize the vastnumber of known plants and animals into categories that could be named, remembered, anddiscussed. Modern classification also attempts to show the evolutionary relationships amongorganisms (see the table entitled Examples of Systematic Classification Examples of Systematic Classification Common Name Species Name Genus Family Order Class Phylum (Division) Kingdom Humans Homo sapiens Homo Hominidae Primates Mammalia Chordata Animalia Rhesus monkey Macaca mulatta Macaca Cercopithecidae..... Click the link for more information.). A system based on categories that show such relationships is called a natural system of classification; one based on categories assigned only for convenience (e.g., a classification of flowers by color) is an artificialsystem. Modern classification is part of the broader science of taxonomy, the study of the relationships of organisms, which includes collection, preservation, and study of specimens, and analysis of dataprovided by various areas of biological research. Nomenclature is the assigning of names to organisms and to the categories in which they are classified. A modern branch of taxonomy, called numerical taxonomy, uses computers to compare very largenumbers of traits without weighting any type of trait—in contrast to the traditional view that certaincharacteristics are more significant than others in showing relationships. For example, the structure of flower parts is considered more significant than the shape of the leaves in flowering plantsbecause leaf shape appears to evolve much more quickly. Much of the science of taxonomy hasbeen concerned with judging which traits are most significant."
},
{
"docid": "D1619955#0",
"title": "http://plantphys.info/organismal/lechtml/bacteria.shtml\n.",
"text": "\"Course Schedule Plant Phys Info Homepagexx Email Ross Koning Kingdom Bacteria Clickable Index of Bacteria Cellular Structure Homeostasis Growth Movement Reproduction Response Evolution You have learned that living organisms have at least seven unique properties listed in the index above. As Bacteria are living organisms, then they must possess these properties as well. What are Bacteria? We have learned that Biology can be illustrated as a tree of life: In this tree of life, one of the basal branches evolves into a group of organisms that is part of Domain Prokarya, and is the current extant Kingdom Bacteria. Eubacteria is a synonym used by some authors for the kingdom of the bacteria. Number of Kingdoms2 3 5 6 8Plantae Monera Monera Bacteria Bacteria Plantae Monera Monera Archaea Archaea As you may recall, bacteria were first part of Kingdom Plantae (green) when there were only two kingdoms. The organisms had cell walls at least and so that was enough for them to end up in that kingdom. Once we understood that they lack a nucleus or chloroplast or mitochondrion, the bacteria needed to be moved into a new kingdom... Monera (yellow) was created for them in the 3 to 5 kingdom era. The Archaea were split out from Monera in the transition to 6 kingdoms, so Monera was renamed Bacteria (or Eubacteria). Bacteria are found as fossils in rocks dating to 3.5 billion years before present time, so these are the most ancient forms of life that are known."
},
{
"docid": "D1074753#0",
"title": "http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookintro.html\nINTRODUCTION: THE NATURE OF SCIENCE AND BIOLOGY",
"text": "\"INTRODUCTION: THE NATURE OF SCIENCE AND BIOLOGYTable of Contents Biology: The Science of Our Lives | Science and the Scientific Method | Theories Contributing to Modern Biology Development of the Theory of Evolution | The Modern View of the Age of the Earth | Development of the Modern View of Evolution Darwinian Evolution | The Diversity of Life | Characteristics of Living things | Levels of Organization | Learning Objectives Terms | Review Questions | Links | References Biology: The Science of Our Lives | Back to Top Biology literally means \"\"the study of life\"\". Biology is such a broad field, covering the minute workings of chemical machines inside our cells, to broad scale concepts of ecosystems and global climate change. Biologists study intimate details of the human brain, the composition of our genes, and even the functioning of our reproductive system. Biologists recently all but completed the deciphering of the human genome, the sequence of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) bases that may determine much of our innate capabilities and predispositions to certain forms of behavior and illnesses. DNA sequences have played major roles in criminal cases (O. J. Simpson, as well as the reversal of death penalties for many wrongfully convicted individuals), as well as the impeachment of President Clinton (the stain at least did not lie). We are bombarded with headlines about possible health risks from favorite foods (Chinese, Mexican, hamburgers, etc.) as well as the potential benefits of eating other foods such as cooked tomatoes. Informercials tout the benefits of metabolism-adjusting drugs for weight loss. Many Americans are turning to herbal remedies to ease arthritis pain, improve memory, as well as improve our moods. Can a biology book give you the answers to these questions?"
},
{
"docid": "D2470863#0",
"title": "http://paleontology.wikia.com/wiki/Organism\nOrganism",
"text": "\"These Escherichia coli cells provide an example of a Microorganism In biology and ecology, an organism (in Greek organon = instrument) is a living complex adaptive system of organs that influence each other in such a way that they function in some way as a stable whole. The origin of life on Earth and the relationships between its major lineages are controversial. Two main grades may be distinguished, the prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The prokaryotes are generally considered to represent two separate domains, called the Bacteria and Archaea, which are not closer to one another than to the eukaryotes. The gap between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is widely considered a major missing link in evolutionary history. Two eukaryoticorganelles, namely mitochondria and chloroplasts, are generally considered to be derived from endosymbiotic bacteria. Fungi, animals and plants are examples of species that are eukaryote. The phrase complex organism describes any organism with more than one cell . Contents [ show]Semantics The word \"\" organism \"\" may broadly be defined as an assembly of molecules that influence each other in such a way that they function as a more or less stable whole and have properties of life. However, many sources, lexical and scientific, add conditions that are problematic to defining the word."
},
{
"docid": "D116468#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/16338173/ap-biology-evolution-flash-cards/\nAP Biology - Evolution",
"text": "\"132 terms Emilie-Jolie AP Biology - Evolution Ch. 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.1-27.2 (p. 452-564)Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortevolution Descent with modification; the idea that living species are descendants of ancestral species that were different from the present-day ones; also defined more narrowly as the change in the genetic composition of a population from generation to generation. ( p. 452)fossil a preserved remnant or impression of a organism that lived in the past. ( p (p. 454)strata a rock layer formed when new layers of sediment cover older ones and compress them. ( p. 454)paleontology the study of fossils. ( p 454)catastrophism The principle that events in the past occurred suddenly and were caused by different mechanisms than those operating today. ( p. 454)uniformitarianism The principle stating that mechanisms of change are constant over time. ( p. 454)natural selection a process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits."
},
{
"docid": "D291002#0",
"title": "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/bacterium\nbacteria",
"text": "\"bacteria [pl. of bacterium], microscopic unicellular prokaryotic organisms characterized by the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Once considered a part of the plant kingdom, bacteria were eventually placed in a separate kingdom, Monera Monera,taxonomic kingdom that comprises the prokaryotes (bacteria and cyanobacteria). Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and usuallylack membrane-bound organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts; see cell, in biology)...... Click the link for more information.. Bacteria fallinto one of two groups, Archaebacteria Archaebacteria, diverse group of bacteria (prokaryotes), sometimes called the archaea and considered a major group unto themselves. Archaebacteria are contrasted with the Eubacteria,from which they differ biochemically in the arrangement of the bases in their ribosomal RNA and..... Click the link for more information. ( ancient forms thought to have evolved separately fromother bacteria) and Eubacteria. A recently proposed system classifies the Archaebacteria, or Archaea, and the Eubacteria, or Bacteria, as major groupings (sometimes called domains) abovethe kingdom level. Bacteria were the only form of life on earth for 2 billion years. They were first observed by Antonyvan Leeuwenhoek Leeuwenhoek, Antony van, 1632–1723, Dutch student of natural history and maker of microscopes, b. Delft. His use of lenses in examining cloth as a draper's apprentice probably led to his interest in lens making...... Click the link for more information.in the 17th cent. ;"
},
{
"docid": "D3210175#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotes\nEukaryote",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Eukaryotes)navigation search\"\"Eukaryotic cell\"\" redirects here. For the journal, see Eukaryotic Cell (journal). Eukaryotes Temporal range: Rhyacian - Present2100–0Ma Had'n Archean Proterozoic Pha. Eukaryotes and some examples of their diversity – clockwise from top left: Red mason bee, Boletus edulis, Common chimpanzee, Isotricha intestinalis, Persian buttercup, and Volvox carteri Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota ( Chatton, 1925) Whittaker & Margulis, 1978Supergroups [2] and kingdoms Archaeplastida Kingdom Plantae – Plants Hacrobia [1]SAR ( Stramenopiles + Alveolata + Rhizaria)Excavata Amoebozoa Opisthokonta Kingdom Animalia – Animals Kingdom Fungi Eukaryotic organisms that cannot be classified under the kingdoms Plantae, Animalia or Fungi are sometimes grouped in the kingdom Protista. A eukaryote ( / juː ˈ k ær i. oʊ t / or / juː ˈ k ær i ə t /) is any organism whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes ( Bacteria and Archaea ). [ 3] [4] [5] Eukaryotes belong to the domain Eukaryota or Eukarya. Their name comes from the Greek εὖ ( eu, \"\"well\"\" or \"\"true\"\") and κάρυον ( karyon, \"\"nut\"\" or \"\"kernel\"\"). [ 6] Eukaryotic cells also contain other membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus, and in addition, some cells of plants and algae contain chloroplasts. Unlike unicellular archaea and bacteria, eukaryotes may also be multicellular and include organisms consisting of many cell types forming different kinds of tissue. Eukaryotes can reproduce both asexually through mitosis and sexually through meiosis and gamete fusion."
},
{
"docid": "D226969#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Organisms_in_the_kingdoms_Eubacteria_and_Archaebacteria_were_previously_grouped_in_a_kingdom_called\nOrganisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were previously grouped in a kingdom called?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Organisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were previously grouped in a kingdom called? Flag Organisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were previously grouped in a kingdom called? Answer by Idkgoogleit Confidence votes 72Monera1 person found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Little Miss Sucnshine 1 Contribution Does archaebacteria and eubacteria belong to the same kingdom? They use to belong to the same kingdom: Moneran, but scientists thought that they were important enough to belong in their own kingdom, especially since archaebacteria is the …Why was Kingdom Monera split into Archaebacteria and Eubacteria?because they are different How does eubacteria differ from kingdom archaebacteria? Eubacteria has peptidoglycan and Archaebacteria Does Not. Why are archaebacteria and eubacteria placed in separate kingdoms? Archaebacteria and Eubacteria are placed in separate kingdoms because eubacteria has a different chemical makeup than archaebacteria. Archaebacteria and eubacteria are in what kingdom?prokaryote The kingdom Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were once grouped in a kingdom called? Monera Kingdom."
},
{
"docid": "D1183290#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic\nEukaryote",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Eukaryotic)navigation search\"\"Eukaryotic cell\"\" redirects here. For the journal, see Eukaryotic Cell (journal). Eukaryotes Temporal range: Rhyacian - Present2100–0Ma Had'n Archean Proterozoic Pha. Eukaryotes and some examples of their diversity – clockwise from top left: Red mason bee, Boletus edulis, Common chimpanzee, Isotricha intestinalis, Persian buttercup, and Volvox carteri Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota ( Chatton, 1925) Whittaker & Margulis, 1978Supergroups [2] and kingdoms Archaeplastida Kingdom Plantae – Plants Hacrobia [1]SAR ( Stramenopiles + Alveolata + Rhizaria)Excavata Amoebozoa Opisthokonta Kingdom Animalia – Animals Kingdom Fungi Eukaryotic organisms that cannot be classified under the kingdoms Plantae, Animalia or Fungi are sometimes grouped in the kingdom Protista. A eukaryote ( / juː ˈ k ær i. oʊ t / or / juː ˈ k ær i ə t /) is any organism whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes ( Bacteria and Archaea ). [ 3] [4] [5] Eukaryotes belong to the domain Eukaryota or Eukarya. Their name comes from the Greek εὖ ( eu, \"\"well\"\" or \"\"true\"\") and κάρυον ( karyon, \"\"nut\"\" or \"\"kernel\"\"). [ 6] Eukaryotic cells also contain other membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus, and in addition, some cells of plants and algae contain chloroplasts. Unlike unicellular archaea and bacteria, eukaryotes may also be multicellular and include organisms consisting of many cell types forming different kinds of tissue. Eukaryotes can reproduce both asexually through mitosis and sexually through meiosis and gamete fusion."
},
{
"docid": "D1492296#0",
"title": "http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-monera-and-vs-protista/\nDifference Between Monera and Protista",
"text": "\"Difference Between Monera and Protista Posted on October 13, 2015 by Yash Key Difference – Monera vs Protista Monera and Protista are two kingdoms of living organisms that represent the unicellular organisms though there exists a difference between them based on the cell structure and organization. All living organisms are classified into five kingdoms based on their complexity of the cell structure, body organization, modes of nutrition, lifestyle, and phylogenetic relationship. Monera and Protista represent the most primarily build unicellular organisms, while Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia include the most complex multicellular organisms. The main difference between Monera and Protista is that Monera has a unicellular prokaryotic cellular organization which lack membrane-bounded organelles whereas Protista has a unicellular eukaryotic cellular organization with membrane-bounded organelles. What is Monera? Kingdom Monera consists of all the prokaryotes, which include bacteria, blue-green algae, and cyanobacteria. The unicellular, microscopic prokaryotes often live in moist conditions. Some of them live as solitary organisms while some live in colonies. The colonial species can be found as filaments or short chains. Since they are prokaryotes, they lack an organized, membrane-bounded nucleus, but only a circular DNA molecule."
},
{
"docid": "D252543#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/science/protist\nProtist",
"text": "Protist, any member of a group of diverse eukaryotic, predominantly unicellular microscopic organisms. They may share certain morphological and physiological characteristics with animals or plants or both. The term protist typically is used in reference to a eukaryote that is not a true animal, plant, or fungus or in reference to a eukaryote that lacks a multicellular stage. Paramecium caudatum is an example of a protist. John J. Lee Defining the protists From the time of Aristotle, near the end of the 4th century bce, until well after the middle of the 20th century, the entire biotic world was generally considered divisible into just two great kingdoms, the plants and the animals. The separation was based on the assumption that plants are pigmented (basically green), nonmotile (most commonly from being rooted in the soil ), photosynthetic and therefore capable solely of self-contained (autotrophic) nutrition, and unique in possessing cellulosic walls around their cells. By contrast, animals are without photosynthetic pigments (colourless), actively motile, nutritionally phagotrophic (and therefore required to capture or absorb important nutrients), and without walls around their cells. Euglena Euglena gracilis (highly magnified) in fresh water. Single-celled Euglena are photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms that feature a single flagellum. They are found widely in nature."
},
{
"docid": "D518740#0",
"title": "https://studymoose.com/the-five-kingdom-and-three-domain-classification-system-essay\nThe Five kingdom and three domain classification system Essay",
"text": "The Five kingdom and three domain classification system Essay Custom Student Mr. Teacher ENG 1001-0414 June 2016The Five kingdom and three domain classification system Classification is the method used by scientists to order living organisms. All species have a unique classification that results in a binomial name. classification is used to make it easier for different species to be identified by scientists. The current system, the Three Domain System , groups organisms primarily based on differences in ribosomal RNA structure. Ribosomal RNA is a molecular building block for ribosomes . Under this system, organisms are classified into three domains and six kingdoms . The domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. The kingdoms are Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria), Eubacteria (true bacteria), Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. The system used for classifying organisms change due to new discoveries being constantly made making some organisms harder to classify into a specific kingdom or domain. This is why different criteria is being added so that newly discovered organisms can be classified."
},
{
"docid": "D1195490#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classification\nTaxonomy (biology)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Biological classification)navigation search For other uses, see Taxonomy (disambiguation). This article is about the field of biology. For the practice of stuffing and mounting animals, see Taxidermy. \"\" Scientific classification\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Scientific classification (disambiguation). Part of a series on Evolutionary biology Diagrammatic representation of the divergence of modern taxonomic groups from their common ancestor Key topics [show]Processes and outcomes [show]Natural history [show]History of evolutionary theory [show]Fields and applications [show]Social implications [show]Evolutionary biology portal Category Book Related topicsv t e Taxonomy (from Ancient Greek τάξις ( taxis), meaning 'arrangement', and -νομία ( -nomia), meaning ' method ') is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped together into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a super-group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic hierarchy. The principal ranks in modern use are domain, kingdom, phylum (division is sometimes used in botany in place of phylum), class, order, family, genus and species. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus is regarded as the father of taxonomy, as he developed a system known as Linnaean taxonomy for categorization of organisms and binomial nomenclature for naming organisms. With the advent of such fields of study as phylogenetics, cladistics, and systematics, the Linnaean system has progressed to a system of modern biological classification based on the evolutionary relationships between organisms, both living and extinct."
},
{
"docid": "D3540943#0",
"title": "http://zipcodezoo.com/index.php/species\nspecies",
"text": "\"species For other uses, see species (disambiguation). In biology, a species (abbreviated sp., with the plural form species abbreviated spp.) is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, the difficulty of defining species is known as the species problem. Differing measures are often used, such as similarity of DNA, morphology, or ecological niche. Presence of specific locally adapted traits may further subdivide species into \"\" infraspecific taxa \"\" such as subspecies (and in botany other taxa are used, such as varieties, subvarieties, and formae ). Species hypothesized to have the same ancestors are placed in one genus, based on similarities. The similarity of species is judged based on comparison of physical attributes, and where available, their DNA sequences."
},
{
"docid": "D8864#0",
"title": "http://www.slideserve.com/johana/biologists-use-a-classification-system-to-group-organisms-in\nBiologists use a classification system to group organisms in part because organisms - PowerPoint PPT Presentation",
"text": "Download1 / 102Biologists use a classification system to group organisms in part because organisms - Power Point PPT Presentation By johana Follow User1746 Views Uploaded on Jun 04, 2013Description Statistics Report Biologists use a classification system to group organisms in part because organisms. are going extinct. are very numerous and diverse. are too much alike. share too many derived characters. The study of organisms requires the use of. only large, general categories of organisms. Download Presentation Power Point Slideshow about 'Biologists use a classification system to group organisms in part because organisms' - johana An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - E N D - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Presentation Transcript Biologists use a classification system to group organisms in part because organismsare going extinct.are very numerous and diverse.are too much alike.share too many derived characters. The study of organisms requires the use ofonly large, general categories of organisms.only small, specific categories of organisms.both large and small categories of organisms.no categories of organisms."
},
{
"docid": "D3214211#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/92308756/freshman-bio-test-chapter-18-flash-cards/\nFreshman Bio Test: Chapter 18",
"text": "\"163 terms KATHERINE_PETTYFreshman Bio Test: Chapter 18Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort The most important difference between classification during the time of Linnaeus and current classification is that organisms are now grouped according to their: evolutionary relationships Which are the two highest level taxa in the Linnaean system? phylum and kingdom The grouping of organisms based on their common descent is called: evolutionary classification Similar DNA sequences in genes can be evidence of: common ancestory Several different classes make up a: phylum Based on their name, you know that the baboons Papio annubis and Papio cyoncephalus do NOT belong to the same: species In Linnaeus's system of classification, how many levels are there? 7In addition to Animalia, Plantae and Fungi, the six-kingdom system of classification includes: Protista, Archaebacteria and Eubacteria From their scientific names Zea mays and Allium cepa, you know that the two organisms are: in different genera (genus)At any level of organization, groups that have biological meaning are referred to as: taxa The third smallest taxon in the Linnaean system of classification is the: family The most important difference between classification during the time of Linnaeus and current classification is that organisms are now grouped according to their: evolutionary relationships How do binomial, or two-part, names compare with early versions of scientific names? they tend to be shorter One reason common names are not useful to biologists is that they: can apply to more than one animal Modern methods of classification include the idea that all organisms share a common: ancestor Based on its name, the organism Malus sylverstris is in the: genus Malus Animals that are warm-blooded, have body hair and produce milk for their young are grouped in the class: Mammalia Modern methods of classification that Linnaeus did not use include comparisons of: molecular structures The three-domain system recognizes fundamental differences between two groups of: prokaryotes According to the rules of binomial nomenclature, which of the terms is capitalized? the genus name only One goal of scientists is to assign every organism a universally accepted name according to the system know as: binomial nomenclature In evolutionary classification, a monophyletic group includes one: ancestors and all its descendants Traditional classifications tended to take into account primarily: visible similarities and differences The three domains are: Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria Systematics is: a science of name and grouping organisms What do all organisms have in common? They use all DNA to pass on information Homo habilis and Homo erectus do NOT belong to the same: species What kind of analysis focuses on the order in which derived characters appeared in organisms? cladistic analysis To be useful, a scientific name has to refer to: a single species The second part of a scientific name is unique to each: species in its genus A genus is composed of a number of similar: species In biology, a trait that arose in an ancestor and is passed along to its descendants is referred to as a: derived character Linnaean classification involves: both large and small categories of organisms The first part of the name refers to the _____, or a group of similar species. Genus What is the science of naming and grouping organisms called: systematics Modern systematic try to group organisms based on: evolutionary relationships The goal of systematic is to organize living things into groups, called _____, that have biological meaning."
},
{
"docid": "D1995238#0",
"title": "http://wikivisually.com/wiki/Yeast\nYeast",
"text": "\"Yeast From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For the use of yeast as a baking ingredient, see baker's yeast. Yeast Yeast of the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cross-sectional labelled diagram of a typical yeast cell Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Fungi Phyla and Subphyla Ascomycota p. p. Saccharomycotina (true yeasts)Taphrinomycotina p. p. Schizosaccharomycetes (fission yeasts)Basidiomycota p. p. Agaricomycotina p. p. Tremellomycetes Pucciniomycotina p. p. Microbotryomycetes Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom. The first yeast originated hundreds of millions of years ago, and 1,500 species are currently identified. [ 1] [2] [3] They are estimated to constitute 1% of all described fungal species. [ 4] Yeasts are unicellular organisms which evolved from multicellular ancestors, [5] with some species having the ability to develop multicellular characteristics by forming strings of connected budding cells known as pseudohyphae or false hyphae. [ 6] Yeast sizes vary greatly, depending on species and environment, typically measuring 3–4 µm in diameter, although some yeasts can grow to 40 µm in size. [ 7] Most yeasts reproduce asexually by mitosis, and many do so by the asymmetric division process known as budding. Yeasts, with their single-celled growth habit, can be contrasted with molds, which grow hyphae. Fungal species that can take both forms (depending on temperature or other conditions) are called dimorphic fungi (\"\"dimorphic\"\" means \"\"having two forms\"\"). By fermentation, the yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae converts carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and alcohols – for thousands of years the carbon dioxide has been used in baking and the alcohol in alcoholic beverages. ["
}
] |
8664 | _____ feedback stimulates your body to respond in the same direction as a stimulus. negative positive | [
{
"docid": "D2867628#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Feedback_stimulates_your_body_to_respond_in_the_same_direction_as_a_stimulus\nHow do stimulus respond to human body?",
"text": "How do stimulus respond to human body?a stimulus is an external factor that causes the nerve endings inyour sesnse organ to send an electric impulse In positive feedback the initial stimulus produces a response that the stimulus?exagerrates the stimulus Respond to a stimulus? Irritability When the body reacts to stop, or work in the opposite direction of, a stimulus, it is known as? Negative feedback How do hormones help the body respond to a harmed hormonal stimulus?hormones help the body respond to a harmed hormonal system by giving messages to your brain in a long of period of time. Rumba 38,300 Contributions How do horses respond to stimulus? Like most other higher life forms. They respond with affection and devotion to people with a soft voice and loving hands. Likewise, if they are treated to negative stimuli, th …What is an example of stimulus respond?biting whatever bit them What responds to stimull?2222334456kryj When your body responds to stimulus it is called?it is the stimulus because its the same thing x!PWhat name is given to the process in which cells respond to over - stimulation by becoming less sensitive to the stimulus?desensitization When the body reacts to stop or work in the opposite direction of a stimulus is it known as negative feedback or positive feedback?negative feedback How does a flamingo respond to stimulus?a flamingo responds to stimuli/stimulus in many ways. if you are wondering, response to stimulus is basically a cause and effect. for humans and example of the stimulus (when …"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D22125#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_adaptation\nNeural adaptation",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Neural adaptation or sensory adaptation is a change over time in the responsiveness of the sensory system to a constant stimulus. It is usually experienced as a change in the stimulus. For example, if one rests one's hand on a table, one immediately feels the table's surface on one's skin. Within a few seconds, however, one ceases to feel the table's surface. The sensory neurons stimulated by the table's surface respond immediately, but then respond less and less until they may not respond at all; this is an example of neural adaptation. All sensory and neural systems have a form of adaptation to constantly detect changes in the environment. Neural receptor cells that process and receive stimulation go through constant changes for mammals and other living organisms to sense vital changes in their environment. Some key players in several neural systems include Ca 2+ ions (see Calcium in biology) that send negative feedback in second messenger pathways that allow the neural receptor cells to close or open channels in response to the changes of ion flow. [ 1] There are also mechanoreception systems that use calcium inflow to physically affect certain proteins and move them to close or open channels. Functionally, it is highly possible that adaptation may enhance the limited response range of neurons to encode sensory signals with much larger dynamic ranges by shifting the range of stimulus amplitudes. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2280390#0",
"title": "http://homeostasisinthemuscularsystem.weebly.com/index.html\nHOMEOSTASIS",
"text": "HOMEOSTASISHomeostasis Diagram What is homeostasis? Homeostasis is the process which the body is able to maintain a state of stable physiological balance or basically maintain equilibrium. If we didn’t have homeostasis in our bodies, we would not be able to survive! Stimulus-A change occurs in the internal or external environment that disturbs homeostasis. ( Heat, cold, noise, pressure, lack of oxygen are external stimulus. Internal stimulus includes changes in blood pressure, p H balance, salt concentration, high or low blood sugar.) Receptors-A sensor that monitors the environment and responds to the stimulus by sending information to the control centre. The flow of the information occurs along the afferent pathway. Control Centre-determines a set point and is where a variable is to be maintained. A set point is the level or range."
},
{
"docid": "D1861977#0",
"title": "http://what-when-how.com/nursing/the-endocrine-system-structure-and-function-nursing-part-2/\nThe Endocrine System (Structure and Function) (Nursing) Part 2",
"text": "\"The Endocrine System (Structure and Function) (Nursing) Part 2Middle Lobe The most important hormone secreted by the middle lobe (pars intermedia) of the pituitary is melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which is stimulated by CRH from the hypothalamus. MSH influences skin pigmentation and is chemically similar to ACTH (produced in the anterior lobe). The hypothalamus inhibits secretion of MSH by secreting melanocyte-inhibiting factor (MIF). Posterior Lobe The posterior lobe of the pituitary, also called the neurohypophysis, is actually an outgrowth of the hypothalamus and is embryonically derived from the nervous system. Hormones are not secreted there but are stored and released. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are in close proximity to each other. The two hormones released by the posterior lobe, oxytocin and vasopressin, are secreted in the hypothalamus by neurosecretory cells, and then released by the neurohypophysis (see Fig. 20-2). Oxytocin (from neurosecretory cells) stimulates the uterus to contract during delivery and helps to keep it contracted after delivery (to prevent hemorrhage). It also stimulates the release of milk from a new mother’s breasts."
},
{
"docid": "D19677#0",
"title": "https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/Homeostasis\nHuman Physiology/Homeostasis",
"text": "\"< Human Physiology This is the latest reviewed version, checked on 14 February 2018 . There are 2 pending changes awaiting review. Quality: minimalnavigation search Human Physiology — Cell physiology →Homeostasis — Cells — Integumentary — Nervous — Senses — Muscular — Blood — Cardiovascular — Immune — Urinary — Respiratory — Gastrointestinal — Nutrition — Endocrine — Reproduction (male) — Reproduction (female) — Pregnancy — Genetics — Development — Answers Contents1 Overview1.1 What is Homeostasis?1.2 Positive and Negative Feedback1.3 Cruise Control on a car as a simple metaphor for homeostasis2 Pathways That Alter Homeostasis3 Homeostasis Throughout the Body3.1 Nervous System3.2 Endocrine System3.3 Integumentary System3.4 Skeletal System3.5 Muscular System3.6 Cardiovascular System3.7 Lymphatic System3.8 Respiratory System3.9 Digestive System3.10 Urinary System3.11 Reproductive System3.12 Excretory System4 Thermoregulation5 Body Composition6 Body Fluid Distribution7 Dehydration and Volume Depletion8 Water Balance9 Sodium Balance10 Potassium Balance11 Calcium and Phosphate Balance12 Case Study13 Other Examples14 Review Questions I14.1 Review Answers15 Glossary Overview [ edit]The human organism consists of trillions of cells all working together for the maintenance of the entire organism. While cells may perform very different functions, all the cells are quite similar in their metabolic requirements. Maintaining a constant internal environment with all that the cells need to survive (oxygen, glucose, mineral ions, waste removal, and so forth) is necessary for the well-being of individual cells and the well-being of the entire body. The varied processes by which the body regulates its internal environment are collectively referred to as homeostasis. What is Homeostasis? [ edit]Homeostasis in a general sense refers to stability or balance in a system. It is the body's attempt to maintain a constant internal environment. Maintaining a stable internal environment requires constant monitoring and adjustments as conditions change."
},
{
"docid": "D541921#0",
"title": "http://homeostasisinthemuscularsystem.weebly.com/\nHOMEOSTASIS",
"text": "HOMEOSTASISHomeostasis Diagram What is homeostasis? Homeostasis is the process which the body is able to maintain a state of stable physiological balance or basically maintain equilibrium. If we didn’t have homeostasis in our bodies, we would not be able to survive! Stimulus-A change occurs in the internal or external environment that disturbs homeostasis. ( Heat, cold, noise, pressure, lack of oxygen are external stimulus. Internal stimulus includes changes in blood pressure, p H balance, salt concentration, high or low blood sugar.) Receptors-A sensor that monitors the environment and responds to the stimulus by sending information to the control centre. The flow of the information occurs along the afferent pathway. Control Centre-determines a set point and is where a variable is to be maintained. A set point is the level or range."
},
{
"docid": "D1613244#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/102108659/chapter-11-emotion-flash-cards/\nChapter 11 Emotion",
"text": "\"77 terms crestwoodrunner Chapter 11 Emotion Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Emotion - refers to - consists - evo - refers to positive or negative reactions to particular situations - consist of patterns of physio changes and accompanying behaviors or urges to perform these behaviors - responses accomp by feelings - no such thing as neutral emotion - useful purposes served by emotional behaviors are what guided evo of our brainthree aspects of emotions 1. patterns of emotional responses 2. expressions of emotion - these two give rise to the third: 3. feelings of emotions Emotional response - three components all controlled by separate neural systems: 1. behavioral- muscular movements 2. automatic- facilitate the behaviors providing quick mobilization for vigorous movement; symp branch increases, para decreases, heart rate increases, size of blood vessels shunt circulation away from digestive organs toward muscles 3. hormonal- reinforce auto responses, hormones secreted by adrenal medulla (epine, nore) to further increase blood flow to muscles and cause nutrients in muscles to convert to glucose; adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones which make glucose available to musclesresearch most research on physio of emotions has been confined to fear and anger; emotions assoc with situations in which we must defend ourselves or loved ones Fear - integration of components of fear controlled by amygdalaamygdala - major roles - location/parts - input (2) - 3 major regions - activation - involved in effects of - plays role in physio and behavioral reactions to objects and situations that have bio signficance - emotional response and emotional recognition - located in temporal lobes; several groups of nuclei each with diff inputs and outputs and functions - subdivided into 12 regions - gets info from superior colliculi, pulvinar has origin in primitive magnocell system - lateral nucleus, basal nucleus, central nucleus - single neurons in nuclei of amyg become active when emotionally relevant stimuli present - involved in effects of olfactory stimuli on reproductive physio and behaviorlateral nucleus (LA) A nucleus of the amygdala that receives sensory information from the neocortex, thalamus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus - sends projections to the basal, accessory basal, and central nucleus of the amygdala. Basal nucleus (B) A nucleus of the amygdala that receives information from the lateral nucleus and sends projections to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the central nucleus. Ventral striatum (a brain region involved in the effects of reinforcing stimuli on learning)central nucleus (CE) - input - output - function - damage The region of the amygdala that receives information from the basal, lateral, and accessory basal nuclei - hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla (emotional responses) - most imp part of brain for expression of emotional responses provoked by aversive stimuli - reduces wide range of emotional behaviors and physio responses Animals: - destruction of CE (4) - no longer show fear when confronted with stimuli that have been paired with aversive events - act more tame - blood levels of stress hormones are lower - less likely to develop ulcers or other stress induced illnessesstimulation of CE - by - results in (2) - suggests - with electricity or excitatory amino acid results and physio and behavior signs of fear and agitation - long term stimulation produces in stress-induced illness such as gastric ulcers - auto and endo responses controlled by central nucleus are those responsible for the harmful effects of long-term stressactivation of CE - stimuli - few stimuli automatically activate CE and produce fear reactions - more importantly is ability to learn particular stimuli is dangerous - once learned, HR and BP increase, muscles tense, adrenals secrete epine Conditioned emotional response - is - includes - most basic form of emotional learning - A classically conditioned response that occurs when a neutral stimulus is followed by an aversive stimulus; usually includes autonomic, behavioral, and endocrine components such as changes in heart rate, freezing, and secretion of stress-related hormones.rats classical conditioning - 5 1. shock produces UCR (HR increases, adrenals secrete catecholamines and steroids) 2."
},
{
"docid": "D3398096#0",
"title": "https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/introduction-to-anatomy-and-physiology-1/homeostasis-32/disease-as-homeostatic-imbalance-285-9170/\nHomeostasis",
"text": "Homeostatic Control Homeostasis is maintained by the body’s responses to adverse stimuli, ensuring maintenance of an optimal physiological environment. Learning Objectives Model the feedback process of homeostasis Key Takeaways Key Points Homeostatic control mechanisms have at least three interdependent components: a receptor, integrating center, and effector. The receptor senses environmental stimuli, sending the information to the integrating center. The integrating center, generally a region of the brain called the hypothalamus, signals an effector (e.g. muscles or an organ ) to respond to the stimuli. Positive feedback enhances or accelerates output created by an activated stimulus. Platelet aggregation and accumulation in response to injury is an example of positive feedback. Negative feedback brings a system back to its level of normal functioning. Adjustments of blood pressure, metabolism, and body temperature are all negative feedback. Key Termshomeostasis: The ability of a system or living organism to adjust its internal environment to maintain a stable equilibrium, such as the ability of warm-blooded animals to maintain a constant body temperature.negative feedback: A feedback loop in which the output of a system reduces the activity that causes that output.positive feedback: A feedback loop in which the output of a system is increased by the mechanism’s own influence on the system that creates that output. Examples When an individual doesn’t have enough to eat, the body adjusts by slowing down metabolism so that he or she expends fewer calories."
},
{
"docid": "D5181#0",
"title": "https://homeostasisinthemuscularsystem.weebly.com/\nHOMEOSTASIS",
"text": "HOMEOSTASISHomeostasis Diagram What is homeostasis? Homeostasis is the process which the body is able to maintain a state of stable physiological balance or basically maintain equilibrium. If we didn’t have homeostasis in our bodies, we would not be able to survive! Stimulus-A change occurs in the internal or external environment that disturbs homeostasis. ( Heat, cold, noise, pressure, lack of oxygen are external stimulus. Internal stimulus includes changes in blood pressure, p H balance, salt concentration, high or low blood sugar.) Receptors-A sensor that monitors the environment and responds to the stimulus by sending information to the control centre. The flow of the information occurs along the afferent pathway. Control Centre-determines a set point and is where a variable is to be maintained. A set point is the level or range."
},
{
"docid": "D333073#0",
"title": "http://www.cram.com/flashcards/psl300h1-human-physiology-1-5883429\nPsl300H1: Human Physiology 1",
"text": "\"Related Flashcards Muscle Physiology Flashcards » PSL300H1: Human Physiology 1Psl300H1: Human Physiology 1by joohyun , May 2015Subjects: PSL300H1, PSL300, PSL300H1FClick to Rate \"\"Hated It\"\" Click to Rate \"\"Didn't Like It\"\" Click to Rate \"\"Liked It\"\" Click to Rate \"\"Really Liked It\"\" Click to Rate \"\"Loved It\"\"Favorite Add to folder [? ] Flag Flashcards Memorize Test Games Tweet Study your flashcards anywhere!Download the official Cram app for free >How to study your flashcards. Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards. right arrow key left arrow key Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back. down key up key H key: Show hint (3rd side). h key A key: Read text to speech. a key Click or Press Spacebar to Begin »Card Range To Studythrough Share Print Export Clone946 Cards in this Set Front Back What is the cell membrane? Composed of a phospholipid bilayer Lipid-soluble molecules and gases diffuse through readily Water-soluble molecules cannot cross without help such as polar molecules and proteins Impermeable to organic anions such as proteins Permeability depends on molecular size, lipid solubility and charge What does the permeability of a cell membrane depend on? Molecule size, lipid solubility and charge What is simple diffusion? Small, lipid-soluble molecules and gases pass either directly through the phospholipid bilayer or through pores Movement of substrate down its concentration gradient Relative rate of diffusion is roughly proportional to the concentration gradient across the membrane Passive (no energy input required from ATP)What is facilitated diffusion?"
},
{
"docid": "D578699#0",
"title": "http://www.iep.utm.edu/emotion/\nTheories of Emotion",
"text": "\"Theories of Emotion There are different theories of emotion to explain what emotions are and how they operate. This is challenging, since emotions can be analyzed from many different perspectives. In one sense, emotions are sophisticated and subtle, the epitome of what make us human. In another sense, however, human emotions seem to be very similar to (if not the same as) the responses that other animals display. Further, the emotions that we have and how we express them reflect our social environment, but it also seems likely that emotions were shaped by natural selection over time. These and other conflicting features of the emotions make constructing a theory difficult and have led to the creation of a variety of different theories. Theories of emotion can be categorized in terms of the context within which the explanation is developed. The standard contexts are evolutionary, social and internal. Evolutionary theories attempt to provide an historical analysis of the emotions, usually with a special interest in explaining why humans today have the emotions that they do. Social theories explain emotions as the products of cultures and societies."
},
{
"docid": "D2452653#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/6298123/homeostasis-and-the-internal-environment-flash-cards/\nHomeostasis and the Internal Environment",
"text": "\"21 terms Beej72Homeostasis and the Internal Environment Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sorthomeostasis— maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment:intracellular fluid— fluid within the cell:extracellular fluid— body fluid outside of cells (20% plasma..80% interstitial fluid)intercellular fluid—same as extracellular: intercellular fluid—same as extracellular:: transcellular fluid not inside cells, separated from plasma and interstitial fluid.. it is a fluid for specialized compartments such as occular and spinal:interstitial fluid —solution that bathes and surrounds the cells: plasma—colorless watery fluid of the blood and lymph that contains no cells but which blood cells travel in: negative feedback loop has a stimulus that moves away from the set point and always a response that moves back to the set point achieving homeostasis:: positive feedback loop has a stimulus that moves away from the set point and no response moving back toward the set point but eventually all pfl's are eventually controlled by negative feedback loops.2. You should be able to explain what constitutes the human \"\"internal environment\"\". : the internal environment is made up of tissue fluid. That bathes all cells making up the body. Extracellular fluid!3. You should be able to explain why the maintenance of homeostasis is so important, and describe the consequences of a departure from this state. : ph balance...a body too acidic or alkaline would not survive .. you would die4. You should be able to list the parameters regulated by homeostatic mechanisms. :"
},
{
"docid": "D2569854#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_does_negative_feedback_mean_in_biology\nWhat does negative feedback mean in biology?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Biology Human Anatomy and Physiology What does negative feedback mean in biology? Flag What does negative feedback mean in biology? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. Negative feedback is a process that happens when your systems need to slow down or completely stop a process that is happening. When you eat, food travels into your stomach, and digestion begins. You don't need your stomach working if you aren't eating. The digestive system works with a series of hormones and nervous impulses to stop and start the secretion of acids in your stomach. Another example of negative feedback occurs when your body's temperature begins to rise and a negative feedback response works to counteract and stop the rise in temperature. Sweating is a good example of negative feedback.13 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Mattisfrommars 1 Contribution What is negative feedback?"
},
{
"docid": "D2188372#0",
"title": "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/rectosphincteric+reflex\nreflex",
"text": "\"reflex (redirected from rectosphincteric reflex) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Encyclopedia .reflex [ re´fleks] a reflected action or movement; the sum total of any particular automatic response mediated by thenervous system. A reflex is built into the nervous system and does not need the intervention of conscious thought to take effect. The knee jerk is an example of the simplest type of reflex. When the knee is tapped, the nerve thatreceives this stimulus sends an impulse to the spinal cord, where it is relayed to a motor nerve. Thiscauses the quadriceps muscle at the front of the thigh to contract and jerk the leg up. This reflex, or simple reflex arc, involves only two nerves and one synapse. The leg begins to jerk up while thebrain is just becoming aware of the tap. Other simple reflexes, the stretch reflexes, help the body maintain its balance. Every time a muscle is stretched, it reacts with a reflex impulse to contract. As a person reaches or leans, the skeletalmuscles tense and tighten, tending to hold him and keep him from falling."
},
{
"docid": "D3372742#0",
"title": "http://www.growtaller.net/advancedexplanations.html\n.",
"text": "\"Advanced Explanations For Kimi The exact process used by Kimi to stimulate the pituitary gland into producing more growth hormone and help you grow taller is very advanced. The original research paper for Kimi's invention was more than 30 pages long, full of pictures, diagrams, and terminologies. However, in order to help you better understand the mechanisms, functionalities and benefits of this great grow taller device, we simplified and organized the professional research information into the following advanced explanations for Kimi. To fully understand, you should carefully read the following sections step by step (please do not skip any section). After you finish reading you can understand the exact answers to the following advanced questions about Kimi and growing taller in general: Question 1: What exactly is growth hormone and how does it affect human growth? Question 2: What exactly is pituitary gland and how does it exactly control the secretion of growth hormone? Question 3: Why does NOT Kimi stimulate the exact nerve points directly correspond to the pituitary gland (the spots under your big toes)? Question 4: How exactly does the application of Kimi stimulate pituitary gland into producing more growth hormone? Question 5: Why is the application of Kimi different from taking any form of artificial growth hormone directly? Question 6: Why is the application of Kimi the most natural and effective way to increase your growth hormone level?"
},
{
"docid": "D1451932#0",
"title": "http://www.course-notes.org/biology/outlines/chapter_39_plant_responses_to_internal_and_external_signals\nChapter 39 - Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals",
"text": "Home » AP Biology » Outlines Chapter 39 - Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals Printer Friendly Chapter 39 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals Lecture Outline Overview: Stimuli and a Stationary Life At every stage in the life of a plant, sensitivity to the environment and coordination of responses are evident. One part of a plant can send signals to other parts. Plants can sense gravity and the direction of light. A plant’s morphology and physiology are constantly tuned to its variable surroundings by complex interactions between environmental stimuli and internal signals. At the organismal level, plants and animals respond to environmental stimuli by very different means. Animals, being mobile, respond mainly by behavioral mechanisms, moving toward positive stimuli and away from negative stimuli. Rooted in one location for life, a plant generally responds to environmental cues by adjusting its pattern of growth and development. As a result, plants of the same species vary in body form much more than do animals of the same species. At the cellular level, plants and all other eukaryotes are surprisingly similar in their signaling mechanisms. Concept 39.1 Signal transduction pathways link signal reception to response All organisms, including plants, have the ability to receive specific environmental and internal signals and respond to them in ways that enhance survival and reproductive success."
},
{
"docid": "D44275#0",
"title": "http://www.angelfire.com/sd2/bi183/enotes5.html\n.",
"text": "\"LESSON FIVE: THE NERVOUS SYSTEMChapters 13-16CHAPTER 13: Nervous Tissue OVERVIEW OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEMThe nervous system is composed of neurons or nerve cells and their supporting structures. Types of Neurons There are three classes of neurons; each class corresponds to a different aspect of nervous system function. Sensory Neurons. Sensory or afferent neurons are specialized to detect stimuli and transmit information about them to the central nervous system. These neurons may connect any organ to the central nervous system. A stimulus is a change in the environment; it may be light, heat, pressure, or a chemical, for example. A receptor is a cell specialized to respond to a stimulus. A receptor may be a neuron that responds directly, or it may be a separate cell that communicates with a sensory neuron. Interneurons. Ninety per cent of neurons are interneurons , which lie entirely within the central nervous system."
},
{
"docid": "D1401021#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/12440521/response-to-stimuli-flash-cards/\nResponse to stimuli",
"text": "20 terms Frankieml Response to stimuli Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort What is a stimulus? A detectable change in the internal or external environment that produces a response in an organism Why do animals need to be able to respond to stimulus? To increase chance of survival, breeding and pasing on alleles to next generation. Selection pressure to favour organisms with appropriate responses. Why do plants respond to stimuli much slower than animals? - Receptors produce chemicals not nerve impulses and effects respond by growing not muscle contraction What is a taxis? A simple response whose direction is determine by the direction of the stimulus. What is a kinesis?"
},
{
"docid": "D2855744#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/105806280/chapter-9-flash-cards/\nChapter 9",
"text": "\"60 terms pineapplelovesguava Chapter 9Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort RNA polymerase the enzyme that catalyzes transcription (it binds with a promoter during the initiation stage of transcription)Transcription the transfer of genetic information from the base sequence of DNA to the base sequence of RNATranslation Conversion of information encoded in the nucleotide sequence of an m RNA molecule into the linear sequence of amino acids in a protein Messenger RNA (m RNA) messenger RNA- a single stranded complementary copy of the amino acid coding nucleotide sequence of a gene Template strand the single stranded DNA that serves to specify the nucleotide sequence of a synthesized polynucleotide strand Coding strand the strand of DNA that is not used for transcription and is identical in sequence to m RNA, except it contains uracil instead of thymine Transfer RNA (t RNA) An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the m RNA. Codon A group of 3 nucleotides (triplets) in m RNA which encodes the information for a specific amino acid in a protein Anticodon A group of 3 nucleotides in a t RNA molecule that pairs with a complementary sequence ( a codon) in an m RNA molecule Promoter Regulatory region located at the beginning of a gene- a region of a DNA molecule to which RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription Ribosomal RNA (r RNA) RNA molecules that form part of the ribosome Transcription factor A regulatory protein that binds to DNA and affects transcription of specific genes Ribosome Cytoplasmic particles that aide in the production of protein Intron removed in pre-m RNA- nucleotide sequences present in genes that are not translated into the amino acid sequence of a protein and therefore not present in mature m RNAExon DNA sequences that are transcribed, joined to other exons during m RNA processing and translated into the amino acid sequence of a proteinm RNA splicing Process that removes introns from pre-m RNAs and joins exons together. Degenerate codon a codon that specifies the same amino acid as another codon. Amino acid One of 20 subunits of proteins. Protein A class of cellular macromolecules composed of amino acid monomers linked together and folded into a 3-d shape Start codon a codon present in m RNA that signals the location for translation to begin. The codon AUG functions as a start codon and codes for the amino acid methionine Stop codon (UAA, UGA, & UAG) A codon in m RNA that signals the end of translation (protein synthesis)cap added on the 5' prime end in pre-m RNA- a modified base of guanine nucleotide Poly-A tail a series of 30 to 100 \"\"A\"\" nucleotides added on the 3' prime end in pre-m RNAExplain what is meant by the statement \"\"Every gene has a control panel and a coding sequence.\"\" What does the control panel do? What does the coding sequence do?"
},
{
"docid": "D1653281#0",
"title": "https://cssac.unc.edu/programs/learning-center/Resources/Study/Guides/Biology%20101/Hormones\nHormones",
"text": "Text: Increase font size Decrease font size Hormones Endocrine system, animal and plant hormones Topic: Hormones Concept: a. Endocrine System Concept Overview: The endocrine system includes several glands and scattered cells and the hormones they secrete into the bloodstream. A hormone exerts a specific physiological effect on target cells, which have receptors for it. Exocrine glands deliver substances into ducts, which open onto body surfaces. The nervous and endocrine systems interact to maintain homeostasis. The nervous system acts faster and more locally than the endocrine system. Neurosecretory cells, which are neurons that secrete hormones, are a physical and evolutionary link between the two systems. In a negative feedback loop, excess of a hormone or the product of a hormone-induced response suppresses further synthesis or release of that hormone until levels return to normal. In a positive feedback loop, the hormone causes an event that increases its production. Ions or nutrient levels near the endocrine cells, input from the nervous system, and other hormones control feedback loops. Concept: b. Animal Hormones Concept Overview: More complex invertebrates have interacting hormones."
},
{
"docid": "D2165659#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/9122335/ap-17-endocrine-part-3-hormone-control-flash-cards/\nAP 17 Endocrine Part 3 - Hormone Control",
"text": "22 terms meason4583 PLUSAP 17 Endocrine Part 3 - Hormone Controlchapter 17 endocrine system part 3 hormone control Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Most Hormones Controlled by? negative feedback system3 Regulations of Hormone Secretion Rate Most hormones not secreted at constant rate and regulated by 1) action of substance other than hormone on an endocrine gland (ex: glucose), 2) neural control of endocrine gland (ex: stress), 3) control of secretory activity of one endocrine gland by hormone or neurohormone secreted by another endocrine (ex: thyroid)3 Types of Stimuli That Control Hormone Release Humoral Stimuli, Neural Stimuli, Hormonal Stimuli Humoral Stimuli - Secretion Blood-born molecules (molecules that circulate in blood) can directly stimulate the release of some hormones. These hormones sensitive to blood levels of particular substances, such as glucose, calcium or sodium. Control by Humoral Stimuli When blood levels of a particular molecule changes, the hormone is released in response to the molecule's concentration. Ex - long distance runner not having to urinate up to 12hrs after race due to high level of blood-solute concentration, Calcium released from bone w/low blood calcium, elevated blood lucose simulates insulin by pancreas Neural Stimuli to Endocrine Gland - Secretion involves neural stimulus of endocrine glands; Following action potentials, neurons release a neurotransmitter into the synapse with the cells that produce the hormone; when stimulus is no longer present, neural stimulation declines and secretion decreases. Neural Stimuli Directly to Blood - Secretion some neurons secrete chemical messengers directly to blood when they are stimulated, making them hormones (neuropeptides) which can stimulate hormone secretion from other endocrine cells and are called releasing hormones (usually reserved for hormones from hypothalamus)Neuropeptides chemical messengers from neurons that are secreted directly into blood when they are stimulated - some can stimulate hormone secretion from other endocrine cells (releasing hormones)Control by Neural Stimuli ex -in response to stimuli (stress/excercise), sympathetic division of ANS stimulates the adrenal gland ot secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine, which help body respond to stimulus (elevated heart rate, increased blood flow)Hormonal Stimuli - Secretion occurs when a hormone is secreted that, in turn, stimulates the secretion of other hormones. Most common are tropic hormones (produced in anterior pituitary). Many tropic hormones are prt of complex process in which releasing hormone from hupothalamus stimulates the release of tropic hormone from pituitary."
}
] |
8669 | _____ includes the populations of different species in a region. | [
{
"docid": "D2767744#0",
"title": "http://www.countrysideinfo.co.uk/biodvy.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Biodiversity and Conservationby Dr Barbara Corker What is Biodiversity? Biodiversity is a modern term which simply means \"\" the variety of life on earth\"\". This variety can be measured on several different levels. Genetic - variation between individuals of the same species. This includes genetic variation between individuals in a single population , as well as variations between different populations of the same species. Genetic differences can now be measured using increasingly sophisticated techniques. These differences are the raw material of evolution. Species - species diversity is the variety of species in a given region or area. This can either be determined by counting the number of different species present, or by determining taxonomic diversity. Taxonomic diversity is more precise and considers the relationship of species to each other."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2640636#0",
"title": "http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/glossary/index.html\n.",
"text": "\"Glossary A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | Y | Zacquired trait: A phenotypic characteristic, acquired during growth and development, that is not genetically based and therefore cannot be passed on to the next generation (for example, the large muscles of a weightlifter). adaptation: Any heritable characteristic of an organism that improves its ability to survive and reproduce in its environment. Also used to describe the process of genetic change within a population, as influenced by natural selection . adaptive landscape: A graph of the average fitness of a population in relation to the frequencies of genotypes in it. Peaks on the landscape correspond to genotypic frequencies at which the average fitness is high, valleys to genotypic frequencies at which the average fitness is low. Also called a fitness surface. adaptive logic: A behavior has adaptive logic if it tends to increase the number of offspring that an individual contributes to the next and following generations. If such a behavior is even partly genetically determined, it will tend to become widespread in the population. Then, even if circumstances change such that it no longer provides any survival or reproductive advantage, the behavior will still tend to be exhibited -- unless it becomes positively disadvantageous in the new environment. adaptive radiation: The diversification, over evolutionary time, of a species or group of species into several different species or subspecies that are typically adapted to different ecological niches (for example, Darwin's finches)."
},
{
"docid": "D1732400#0",
"title": "http://scienceheathen.com/2013/03/07/extinction-mass-extinctions-extinct-species-and-the-ongoing-6th-great-mass-extinction/\nExtinction, Mass Extinctions, Extinct Species, And The Ongoing 6th Great Mass Extinction",
"text": "\"Extinction is the process by which a species, genus, or family, becomes extinct — no longer existing and living in the world. It is the abolition and annihilation of something that previously existed in the world. In the case of biology, it refers specifically to the end of an evolutionary line, or a branch on the tree of life. The actual moment of extinction is considered to be when the last individual representative of a species or group is no longer living. But functional extinction can occur considerably earlier than that — as the result of loss of genetic diversity, range, and/or the ability for a population to breed and recover. Most types of life, especially animals, are closely tied to their ecological niches and environments. With a loss of their living environment, and its accompanying species, extinction is almost inevitable for many types of life. Species diversification and emergence typically doesn’t occur in these circumstances, it usually happens within healthy ecosystems. The long-period of time that follows large extinction events when no new species emerge is referred to as a dead zone. Mass extinctions are events in which a very significant percentage of the species on the planet go extinct."
},
{
"docid": "D1598495#0",
"title": "http://www.icimod.org/?q=1509\nRetreating Indigenous Bee Populations (Apis Cerana) and Livelihoods of Himalayan Farmers",
"text": "\"Retreating Indigenous Bee Populations (Apis Cerana) and Livelihoods of Himalayan Farmers Introduction The term 'Mountain Agriculture' comprises crops, livestock, fruit, vegetables, forests, and honeybees. Mountain farming systems are geared to deal with threats such as famine, drought, and other natural disasters. As they have few other resources, most mountain people depend on the income generated by farming or livestock. As honeybees and bee products are a source of cash income, nutrition, and medicine, beekeeping has become an important component of (middle) mountain agriculture. Honeybee biodiversity of Hindu Kush Himalayas (HKH) include Apis dorsata, Apis florea and Apis laboriosa, whose products are collected, but these bees can't be kept in hives, Asian hive bee Apis cerana and exotic Apis mellifera are being kept in hives. The region is also home to many species of stingless bees, bumble bees, and solitary bees. Traditionally bees have been kept for the production of honey and other bee products. But as farmers turn more towards cash crops, especially fruits and vegetables, there is an increasing recognition of their important role in pollination. Status of Apis cerana Beekeeping Apis cerana is a part of the natural heritage of mountain communities. Studies carried out by International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) reveal that Apis cerana populations can be divided into three sub-species, namely Apis cerana cerana, Apis cerana himalaya and Apis cerana indica."
},
{
"docid": "D1546210#0",
"title": "http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/cormorants/faq.htm\nCormorant Ecology - FAQ",
"text": "\"Additional tools Cormorant Ecology - FAQShortcut to sections: General Profile & Taxonomy Protection & Population Status Appearance Population Dynamics Biology, Ecology & Behaviour Diet & Feeding Reproduction & Cormorant Life Cycle Effects On Fish Stocks Distribution & Migration General Profile & Taxonomy Q: What are the main characteristics of cormorants? A: The complete scientific name of 'our' cormorant is Phalacrocorax carbo (Linnaeus 1758). It appears black at a distance, but closer inspection reveals that the individual feathers have a green-blue sheen bordered with black, which produces a scale-like effect. The cormorant has broad, webbed feet, a rather long neck and a large, strong bill with a sharp hook at its end. In summer, adults show white patches on the face and a neat circular patch on the flanks. Immature birds are more brownish-black and most have a whitish belly in particular in their first year of life. Cormorants are generally gregarious, nesting in colonies, gathering in flocks and often also hunting together in groups, which sometimes number up to 4,000 birds. They catch fish by diving from the surface, chasing their prey under water and seizing it with the hooked bill. In Europe, it can hardly be confused with any other bird. Only the shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis looks similar, but this species is much smaller."
},
{
"docid": "D928865#0",
"title": "http://waynesword.palomar.edu/termfl2.htm\nBotany 115 Terminology",
"text": "\"Wayne's Word Index Noteworthy Plants Trivia Lemnaceae Biology 101 Botany Search Botany 115 Terminology Flower Terminology Part 2Go To Flower Terminology Part 1Go To Flower Terminology Part 3Inflorescence Terminology Part 1Inflorescence Terminology Part 2Go To Leaf Terminology Part 1Go To Leaf Terminology Part 27. Shapes Of Flowers Left: Pacific madrone ( Arbutus menziesii ), an evergreen tree with smooth red bark that is native to forests of the Pacific coast of North America. It occurs in isolated (disjunct) populations in the mountains of southern California and northern Baja California. Arbutus peninsularis is endemic to mountains of the Cape region in Baja California. Another Mexican madroño ( A. xalapensis) grows in mountainous regions of Sinaloa and Chihuahua south through Veracruz and Oaxaca to Guatemala. Right: The urn-shaped (urceolate) flowers of the European strawberry tree ( A. unedo) are typical of madrones, manzanita ( Arctostaphylos) and other members of the heath family (Ericaceae). See Edible Berries of Strawberry Tree8. Shapes Of Flowers (Cont. ) Papilionaceous Flower Of Fabaceae (Legume Family)Family Fabaceae--Subfamily Papilionoideae: A dissected flower of Erythrina crista-galli showing all the major perianth segments removed from their attachment inside the calyx. The five petals consist of one large, oval banner or standard, two elongate keel petals that are fused together enclosing the stamens, and two reduced wings."
},
{
"docid": "D3110388#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/16962710/combo-with-unit-6-mastering-biology-and-5-others-flash-cards/\nCombo with Unit 6 Mastering Biology and 5 others",
"text": "\"317 terms cboucher77Combo with Unit 6 Mastering Biology and 5 others Which of the following sensory receptors is incorrectly paired with its category? rod-electromagnetic receptor taste receptor-chemoreceptor muscle spindle-mechanoreceptor olfactory receptor-electromagnetic receptor hair cell-mechanoreceptor olfactory receptor-electromagnetic receptor The middle ear converts air pressure waves to fluid pressure waves. fluid pressure waves to nerve impulses. air pressure waves to nerve impulses. fluid pressure waves to air pressure waves. pressure waves to hair cell movements. air pressure waves to fluid pressure waves. During the contraction of a vertebrate skeletal muscle fiber, calcium ions spread action potentials through the T tubules. break cross-bridges by acting as a cofactor in the hydrolysis of ATP. transmit action potentials from the motor neuron to the muscle fiber."
},
{
"docid": "D2416138#0",
"title": "http://www.thefishsite.com/articles/1447/fao-state-of-world-fisheries-aquaculture-report-fish-consumption/\nFAO State of World Fisheries, Aquaculture Report - Fish Consumption",
"text": "\"FAO State of World Fisheries, Aquaculture Report - Fish Consumption Environment Sustainability Post-harvest Economics Politics Banrie10 September 2012, at 1:00am As a valuable source of nutrients, globally fish provides about three billion people with almost 20 percent of their average per capita intake of animal protein, and 4.3 billion people with about 15 percent of such protein, according to the FAO's \"\"The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2012\"\" report. Fish and fishery products represent a valuable source of nutrients of fundamental importance for diversified and healthy diets. With a few exceptions for selected species, fish is usually low in saturated fats, carbohydrates and cholesterol. Fish provides not only high-value protein, but also a wide range of essential micronutrients, including various vitamins (D, A and B), minerals (including calcium, iodine, zinc, iron and selenium) and polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid). While average per capita fish consumption may be low, even small quantities of fish can have a significant positive nutritional impact by providing essential amino acids, fats and micronutrients that are scarce in vegetable-based diets. There is evidence of beneficial effects of fish consumption in relation to coronary heart disease, stroke, age-related macular degeneration and mental health. There is also convincing evidence of benefits in terms of growth and development, in particular for women and children during gestation and infancy for optimal brain development of children. On average, fish provides only about 33 calories per capita per day. However, it can exceed 150 calories per capita per day in countries where there is a lack of alternative protein food and where a preference for fish has been developed and maintained (e.g. Iceland, Japan and several small island States). The dietary contribution of fish is more significant in terms of animal proteins, as a portion of 150 g of fish provides about 5060 percent of the daily protein requirements for an adult."
},
{
"docid": "D1723870#0",
"title": "http://australianmuseum.net.au/when-and-where-did-our-species-originate\nWhen and where did our species originate?",
"text": "When and where did our species originate? When and where modern humans arose is still debated. Skhul 5 skull Homo sapiens front view Photographer: Carl Bento © Australian Musuem Want FREE general admission all year round? Our species, Homo sapiens, has now spread to all parts of the world, but our origins are debated. There are several viewpoints on this but the two major and opposing opinions are the ‘Out of Africa’ model and the ‘Multiregional’ model. Out of Africa model The ‘Out of Africa’ model is currently the most widely favoured explanation accounting for the origins of modern humans. It suggests that modern humans originated in Africa within the last 200,000 years from a single group of ancestors. Modern humans continued to evolve in Africa and had spread to the Middle East by 100,000 years ago and possibly as early as 160,000 years ago. Modern humans only became well established elsewhere in the last 50,000 years. The ‘Out of Africa’ model has had a variety of names including:‘The Garden of Eden’ hypothesis‘Noah’s Ark’ hypothesis‘Out of Africa 2’ hypothesis, which distinguishes the earlier and later dispersals of humans out of Africa."
},
{
"docid": "D2075829#0",
"title": "http://sci.waikato.ac.nz/evolution/HumanEvolution.shtml\n.",
"text": "\"Human Evolution Miocene Apes The Earliest Hominids The Australopithecines Homo Species Trends in Human Evolution Human Cultural Evolution Mitochondrial DNAOther examples of on-going human evolution Introduction Humans are a young species, in geological terms. The average \"\"lifespan\"\" of a mammal species, measured by its duration in the fossil record, is around 10 million years. While hominids have followed a separate evolutionary path since their divergence from the ape lineage, around 7 million years ago, our own species ( Homo sapiens) is much younger. Fossils classified as archaic H. sapiens appear about 400,000 years ago, and the earliest known modern humans date back only 170,000 years. Our knowledge of human evolution is changing rapidly, as new fossils are discovered and described every year. Thirty years ago, it was generally accepted that humans and the great apes last shared a common ancestor perhaps 16-20 million years ago, and that the separate human branch was occupied by only a few species, each evolving from the one before. Now we know, through a combination of new fossil finds and molecular biology, that humans and chimpanzees diverged as little as 7 million years ago, and that our own lineage is \"\"bushy\"\", with many different species in existence at the same time. Our view of our evolutionary past has changed as social attitudes have changed. Darwin was remarkably prescient when he wrote, in 1871 \"\"The Descent of Man\"\", that humans had evolved in Africa and were closely related to the great apes (gorilla, chimpanzee, and orang-utan). But at that time this view was anathema to many, since the majority of people still accepted the concept of special creation."
},
{
"docid": "D157640#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_evolutionary_genetics\nHuman evolutionary genetics",
"text": "\"Human evolutionary genetics From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Human evolutionary genetics studies how one human genome differs from another human genome, the evolutionary past that gave rise to it, and its current effects. Differences between genomes have anthropological, medical and forensic implications and applications. Genetic data can provide important insight into human evolution. Contents [ hide ]1 Origin of apes2 Cladistics3 Speciation of humans and the African apes3.1 General observations3.2 Divergence times3.3 Divergence times and ancestral effective population size4 Genetic differences between humans and other great apes4.1 Gene loss4.1.1 Hair keratin gene KRTHAP14.1.2 Myosin gene MYH164.1.3 Other4.2 Gene addition4.3 Human-specific DNA insertions4.4 Selection pressures4.5 Sequence divergence between humans and apes5 Genetic differences between modern humans and Neanderthals6 Genetic differences among modern humans7 See also8 References9 Further reading10 External links Origin of apes [ edit]Human timelineview • discuss • edit-10 —–-9 —–-8 —–-7 —–-6 —–-5 —–-4 —–-3 —–-2 —–-1 —–0 —Human-like apes Nakalipithecus Ouranopithecus Sahelanthropus Orrorin Ardipithecus Australopithecus Homo habilis Homo erectus Neanderthal Homo sapiens← Earlier apes← LCA-Gorilla separation← Possibly bipedal← LCA-Chimpanzee separation← Earliest bipedal← Earliest stone tools← Earliest exit from Africa← Earliest fire use← Earliest in Europe← Earliest cooking← Earliest clothes← Modern speech← Modern humans P l e i s t o c e n e P l i o c e n e M i o c e n e H o m i n i d s Axis scale: million years Also see: Life timeline and Nature timeline The taxonomic relationships of hominoids. Biologists classify humans, along with only a few other species, as great apes (species in the family Hominidae ). The living Hominidae include two distinct species of chimpanzee (the bonobo, Pan paniscus, and the common chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes ), two species of gorilla (the western gorilla, Gorilla gorilla, and the eastern gorilla, Gorilla graueri ), and two species of orangutan (the Bornean orangutan, Pongo pygmaeus, and the Sumatran orangutan, Pongo abelii ). The great apes with the family Hylobatidae of gibbons form the superfamily Hominoidea of apes. Apes, in turn, belong to the primate order (>400 species), along with the Old World monkeys, the New World monkeys, and others. Data from both mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA) and nuclear DNA (n DNA) indicate that primates belong to the group of Euarchontoglires, together with Rodentia, Lagomorpha, Dermoptera, and Scandentia. [ 1] This is further supported by Alu-like short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) which have been found only in members of the Euarchontoglires. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2894029#0",
"title": "http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/geography-environment/reptiles-and-amphibians\nReptiles and Amphibians",
"text": "Reptiles and Amphibians Original entry by Whit Gibbons, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, John Jensen, Georgia Department of Natural Resources,05/25/2004Last edited by Chris Dobbs on 07/26/2017Amphibians Reptiles Potentially Harmful Species Commercial Value Conservation Issues Endangered Species The richest biodiversity of reptile and amphibian species (herpetofauna) in the United States is concentrated in the Southeast. Home to more than 150 species of herpetofauna, Georgia ranks high among the states in total number of native species. One reason for the great herpetofaunal diversity in Georgia is that the state hosts many different terrestrial and aquatic habitats, including upland and bottomland mixed pine and hardwood forests, mountain coniferous forests, pine flatwoods, cypress–tupelo gum swamps, sandhills, streams, rivers, isolated wetlands, and caves, as well as salt marshes, coastal islands, and the ocean. The extensive habitat diversity, coupled with a moderate climate, is ideal for supporting a wide variety of reptile and amphibian species. Amphibians Georgia Bullfrog is home to approximately eighty species of amphibians, including at least fifty different kinds of salamanders. On the Coastal Plain are the giant salamanders, sirens and amphiumas, which can reach lengths of more than three feet, and the equally massive hellbender ( Cryptobranchus alleganiensis ), found in mountain trout streams. The numerous woodland salamanders of the southern Appalachian Mountains of Georgia and neighboring states give this region the highest salamander diversity in the world. The unusual Pigeon Mountain salamander ( Plethodon petraeus) is found nowhere else except in an area of northern Georgia. The limestone and cave-rich portion of southwest Georgia is home to the bizarre albino and eyeless Georgia blind salamander ( Haideotriton wallacei ). Thirty native species of frogs (as well as the greenhouse frog ( Eleutherodactylus planirostris ), native to the Caribbean) are found in the state, including several species of tree frogs, chorus frogs, and toads."
},
{
"docid": "D3021319#0",
"title": "http://www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=140\nSpecies Profile",
"text": "\"Species Profile Swift Fox Scientific Name: Vulpes velox Taxonomy Group: Mammals Range: Alberta, Saskatchewan Last COSEWIC Assessment: November 2009 Last COSEWIC Designation: Threatened SARA Status: Schedule 1, Threatened Go to advanced search Quick Links: | Photo | Description | Distribution and Population | Habitat | Biology | Threats | Protection | Recovery Initiatives | Recovery Team | National Recovery Program | Documents Image of Swift Fox Top Description The Swift Fox is smaller and more slender than the Red Fox, and is lighter in colour. It is buffy-yellow with a black tip on its bushy tail. Its ears are relatively large and pointed. The fur grows in thicker towards the end of the summer. The Swift Fox measures approximately 80 cm in length, of which its tail makes up about 28 cm, and stands about 30 cm high at the shoulder. On average, the male fox weighs 2.45 kg and the female weighs 2.25 kg. Top Distribution and Population The Swift Fox was once found in dry prairie habitat from the southern Canadian prairie to Texas, but the species began to decline early this century. The last Canadian specimen was captured in Govenlock, Saskatchewan in 1928. The Swift Fox has made a comeback in much of its U. S. range and is being reintroduced in Canada. Captive breeding of the Swift Fox in Canada began in 1973 through a privately-run program."
},
{
"docid": "D351534#0",
"title": "http://www.iucnredlist.org/static/categories_criteria_3_1\n2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1)",
"text": "2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1)Contents Introduction Preamble Definitions The Categories The Criteria for Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable I. INTRODUCTIONThe IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria are intended to be an easily and widely understood system for classifying species at high risk of global extinction. The general aim of the system is to provide an explicit, objective framework for the classification of the broadest range of species according to their extinction risk. However, while the Red List may focus attention on those taxa at the highest risk, it is not the sole means of setting priorities for conservation measures for their protection. Extensive consultation and testing in the development of the system strongly suggest that it is robust across most organisms. However, it should be noted that although the system places species into the threatened categories with a high degree of consistency, the criteria do not take into account the life histories of every species. Hence, in certain individual cases, the risk of extinction may be under- or over-estimated. Before 1994 the more subjective threatened species categories used in IUCN Red Data Books and Red Lists had been in place, with some modification, for almost 30 years. Although the need to revise the categories had long been recognized (Fitter and Fitter 1987), the current phase of development only began in 1989 following a request from the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) Steering Committee to develop a more objective approach. The IUCN Council adopted the new Red List system in 1994. The IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria have several specific aims:to provide a system that can be applied consistently by different people;to improve objectivity by providing users with clear guidance on how to evaluate different factors which affect the risk of extinction;to provide a system which will facilitate comparisons across widely different taxa;to give people using threatened species lists a better understanding of how individual species were classified."
},
{
"docid": "D2108808#0",
"title": "http://www.edgeofexistence.org/mammals/species_info.php?id=126\n.",
"text": "20. Asian tapir (Tapirus indicus) EN© Fletcher and Baylis1Overview The Asian, or Malayan, tapir is the largest and most evolutionarily distinct of the four living species of tapir. It is also the only surviving Old World species. It is characterised by its long, fleshy, prehensile nose and distinctive black and white colouration which apparently breaks up the outline of the body in the gloom of the forests in which it lives. Formerly ranging across Southeast Asia, the tapir today exists as a series of isolated populations, the largest of which are in Malaysia. Habitat destruction is largely responsible for historical declines of this species, and continues to be the main threat today. Hunting, a relatively minor threat in the past, is also becoming more of a concern; as other preferred prey species are becoming more depleted hunters are increasingly looking towards tapirs as a food source. Urgent Conservation Actions Current research and conservation actions should continue in all Asian tapir range states. Distribution Indonesia (Sumatra), Malaysia, Myanmar and Thailand. ED Score: 36.04EDGE Score: 5.69<< Previous (EDGE): Giant Panda Next (EDGE): Bolivian Chinchilla Rat >>Associated Blog Posts New EDGE mammal arrives at London Zoo15th Jul 13ZSL has recently welcomed a new arrival to London Zoo."
},
{
"docid": "D1513651#0",
"title": "http://ocean.si.edu/census-marine-life\nThe Census of Marine Life",
"text": "\"The Census of Marine Lifeby The Ocean Portal Team This yeti crab ( Kiwa hirsuta) was discovered in 2005 and has no eyes. It was found by the Census of marine Life on a hydrothermal vent near Easter Island at a depth of 2,200 meters. Credit: A. Fifis, Ifremer/Ch Ess, Census of Marine Life Did you know that over 17,000 species thrive in the deep sea where no light penetrates the ocean waves? Or that an old restaurant menu can teach us about the history of fish populations? Or that there are 38,000 different kinds of microbes in a liter of seawater? These were all discoveries made by the Census of Marine Life, a 10-year international effort that assessed the diversity (how many different kinds), distribution (where they live), and abundance (how many individuals) of marine life. The effort brought together unprecedented amounts of information on marine species into databases that provide a ‘phone book’ of sorts for the ocean. During the decade of the Census of Marine Life, more than 6,000 potential new ocean species were discovered by the roughly 2,700 participating scientists from more than 80 countries. Census scientists searched the global ocean to learn more about species as large as the blue whale and as small as a zooplankter or microbe. They sampled from the world's coldest regions to the warm tropics, from deep-sea hydrothermal vents to coastal ecosystems."
},
{
"docid": "D3396010#0",
"title": "https://conbio.org/professional-development/education-programs/conservation-biology-faq\nConservation Biology FAQs",
"text": "\"Conservation Biology FAQs What is conservation biology? What is biodiversity? Why do scientists say there is biodiversity crisis? Why is biodiversity valuable? Why does biodiversity consist of several parts: genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity? What is a species? What does endangered mean? Why is protecting any one species important? What is an ecosystem and how is it relevant to conservation biology? How do biologists measure biodiversity?"
},
{
"docid": "D318032#0",
"title": "http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/geography-environment/birds\nBirds",
"text": "\"Birds Original entry by J. Michael Meyers, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, University of Georgia,01/14/2005Last edited by NGE Staff on 11/30/2016History of Ornithology in Georgia Geographic Features, Habitats, and Bird Communities How Birds Relate to Plants and Landscape Changes Bird Extinctions and Restorations Birds, more than any other vertebrate (an animal with a backbone), dominate Georgia's landscapes. The state's diversity of habitats and physical features, from the northern mountains to the swamps and coastal islands, provides habitats for approximately 347 species of birds that live in Georgia at some point during their lifetimes. Between 90 and 110 species breed and nest in south Georgia. This number increases Ospreyin north Georgia to almost 130 nesting birds. The study of birds, also called ornithology, began as early as 1723 in Georgia. Georgia's birds are divided into four groups based on their seasonal activity in the state. Some are permanent residents of Georgia, such as the northern cardinal ( Cardinalis cardinalis ), while others, such as the indigo bunting ( Passerina cyanea ), are summer-breeding birds that migrate from Central and South America (neotropics) and the Caribbean in the spring. Summer-breeding birds nest in Georgia but return south to the neotropics in the fall. Others migrate from the north in late fall. The birds in this second migratory group are called winter residents, and they return north to nest in the spring."
},
{
"docid": "D1854692#0",
"title": "http://bjc.berkeley.edu/bjc-r/cur/programming/simulation/ecosystem-simulation.html\n.",
"text": "Natural ecosystems are often incredibly sensitive to change, such as the introduction or removal of a species. A healthy ecosystem is said to be in equilibrium, which is a relatively stable state that keeps population sizes within a sustainable range (not too many of a certain species alive or dead). Consider the case of bears (who only eat fish) and salmon (who are only hunted by bears): If the bear population grows particularly large one year, the total population will require more fish to feed it. This will make the salmon population shrink. Over time, if there are fewer salmon, there will not be enough food for all of the bears to eat. Some bears will starve and fewer cubs will be able to prosper, leading to a smaller overall population the next year. As more time passes and the bear population gets smaller, the salmon population will start to increase again due to having fewer natural predators. In a perfectly stable ecosystem, this cycle can continue indefinitely. Of course, natural ecosystems are far more complex than this simple example, but the relationship between species applies to complex ecosystems as well. Because of all of the interdependence between various species, it can be very difficult to understand the implications of small changes to an ecosystem in the real world because (a) the relationships between species can be incredibly complex and (b) actual experimentation in real-world ecosystems can be catastrophic -- by the time observable changes have taken place, it's often too late to stop their effects."
},
{
"docid": "D1682484#0",
"title": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123847195000496\nIn Situ, Ex Situ Conservation",
"text": "Encyclopedia of Biodiversity (Second Edition)2013, Pages 313–323In Situ, Ex Situ Conservation Nigel Maxted Current as of 31 October 2016Show morehttps://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384719-5.00049-6 Get rights and content Abstract In situ and ex situ conservation focuses on the maintenance of species diversity within or away from their natural habitats, respectively. This article outlines why conservation is needed, the major threats to species, and how diversity is maintained at the ecosystem, species, and genetic levels. A model for biodiversity conservation is presented which includes: selection of target taxa for conservation, gene pool concepts, ecogeographic surveys, field surveying, clarification of conservation objectives, the two basic conservation strategies ( in situ and ex situ) and the range of conservation techniques, and ways that conservation is often linked to some form of utilization. Keywords Complementary conservation; Ecogeographic surveys; Ex situ conservation; Gap analysis; Gene pool concepts; In situ conservation; Selection of target taxa; Sustainable conservation; Threat assessment; Utilization Glossary Complementary conservation Application of a range of conservation techniques (including ex situ and in situ) to conserve the target taxon, one technique acting as a backup to another. The degree of emphasis placed on each technique depends on the conservation aims, the type of species being conserved, the resources available, and whether the species has utilization potential. Conservation Maintenance of the diversity of living organisms, their habitats, and the interrelationships among organisms and their environment. Ecogeography Analysis of a species’ ecological, geographical, and taxonomic characteristics to assist in the formulation of collection and conservation priorities. Effective population size (Ne)Number of conserved individuals that would undergo the same amount of random genetic drift as the actual population. Ex situ conservation Conservation of the components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. Gap analysis Formalized analysis of a species’ ecological, geographical, and taxonomic range compared with that currently sampled for active conservation to identify ‘gaps’ and therefore future conservation priorities."
},
{
"docid": "D429334#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/13551207/ap-bio-unit-11-flash-cards/\nAP Bio Unit 11",
"text": "\"85 terms alex_donovan AP Bio Unit 11Flashcards Learn Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Define ecology The study of how organisms interact with their environment Describe the relationship between ecology and evolution Environmental factors interacting with variation within populations cause evolutionary change. Explain how dispersal may limit distribution of a species Dispersal: the movement of individuals away from centers of high population density or from their area of origin contributes to the global distribution of organisms Explain how behavior may limit distribution of a species. Individuals seem to avoid certain habitats, even when habitats are suitable, their distribution may be limited by habitat selection behavior Explain how biotic factors may limit distribution of a species. A species cannot complete its full life cycle if transplanted to a new area; this inability to survive and reproduce may be due to negative interactions with other organisms in the form of predation, parasitism, disease, or competition Explain how abiotic factors may limit distribution of a species. The global distribution of organisms broadly reflects the influence of abiotic factors, such as regional differences in temperature, water, and sunlight Define climate. Describe what 4 factors can strongly influence global climate patterns. Climate is the prevailing weather conditions in a particular area. Temperature, wind, water, and sunlight are the major components of climate."
}
] |
8673 | _____ is a form of autocracy | [
{
"docid": "D69731#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocracy\nAutocracy",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Part of the Politics series Basic forms of government Power structure Separation Associated state Dominion Chiefdom Federalism Federation Confederation Devolution Integration Empire Hegemony Unitary state Administrative division Power source Democracypower of many Direct Representative Liberal Social Demarchy others Oligarchypower of few Aristocracy Plutocracy Kraterocracy Stratocracy Timocracy Meritocracy Technocracy Geniocracy Noocracy Kritarchy Particracy Ergatocracy Netocracy Autocracypower of one Despotism Dictatorship Military dictatorship Others Anocracy Anarchy Theocracy Power ideology Monarchy vs. republicsocio-political ideologies Absolute Legalist Constitutional Parliamentary Directorial Semi-presidential Presidential Authoritarian vs. libertariansocio-economic ideologies Tribalism Despotism Feudalism Colonialism Minarchism Distributism Anarchism Socialism Communism Totalitarianism Global vs. localgeo-cultural ideologies Commune City-state National government Intergovernmental organisation World government Politics portalv t e An autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power (social and political) is concentrated in the hands of one person, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps for the implicit threat of a coup d'état or mass insurrection ). [ 1] Absolute monarchies (such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Brunei and Swaziland) and dictatorships (such as Cuba, China, North Korea and Syria) are the main modern-day forms of autocracy. In earlier times, the term \"\"autocrat\"\" was coined as a favorable feature of the ruler, having some connection to the concept of \"\"lack of conflicts of interests\"\" as well as an indication of grandeur and power. The Russian Tsar for example was styled, \"\"Autocrat of all the Russias\"\", as late as the early 20th century. Contents [ hide ]1 History and etymology2 Comparison with other forms of government3 Origin and developments4 Maintenance5 Autocracy promotion6 Historical examples7 See also8 References9 External links History and etymology [ edit]In the Medieval Greek language, the term Autocrates was used for anyone holding the title emperor, regardless of the actual power of the monarch. Some historical Slavic monarchs, such as Russian tsars and emperors, included the title Autocrat as part of their official styles, distinguishing them from the constitutional monarchs elsewhere in Europe. Comparison with other forms of government [ edit]Both totalitarianism and military dictatorship are often identified with, but need not be, an autocracy. Totalitarianism is a system where the state strives to control every aspect of life and civil society. It can be headed by a supreme dictator, making it autocratic, but it can also have a collective leadership such as a commune, junta, or single political party. In an analysis of militarized disputes between two states, if one of the states involved was an autocracy the chance of violence occurring doubled. ["
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D656713#0",
"title": "http://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-governments.html\nGet Smarter By Knowing the Different Types of Governments That Exist",
"text": "\"Get Smarter By Knowing the Different Types of Governments That Exist Let's take a look at the various types of governments and governance systems that have been adopted by mankind throughout the world, from the ancient city-states of Greece to the nations of the 21st century. \"\" Government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the Earth.\"\" Abraham Lincoln How much thought do we give to government? Not much, except for the times when things like roads, phone lines, and the economy are jammed. Tax returns remind us of the government too, so do hurricanes, dwindling social security and politicians. My point is, the government doesn't remind us of the good things in life, not often. When it works, we barely notice, but when things go wrong, the glaring deficiencies of the system present themselves everywhere. This piece is not, however, about the shortcomings of our government and whether we can find solutions to them, a task that seems to be way beyond any human endeavor, but about the forms that governments have, both in theory and the real world. What is Government? According to Ayn Rand, A government is an institution that holds the exclusive power to enforce certain rules of social conduct in a given geographical area."
},
{
"docid": "D1838301#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form_of_government\nGovernment",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Form of government)navigation search For other uses, see Government (disambiguation) and Gov (disambiguation). Part of the Politics series Basic forms of government Power structure Separation Associated state Dominion Chiefdom Federalism Federation Confederation Devolution Integration Empire Hegemony Unitary state Administrative division Power source Democracypower of many Direct Representative Liberal Social Demarchy others Oligarchypower of few Aristocracy Plutocracy Kraterocracy Stratocracy Timocracy Meritocracy Technocracy Geniocracy Noocracy Kritarchy Particracy Ergatocracy Netocracy Autocracypower of one Despotism Dictatorship Military dictatorship Others Anocracy Anarchy Theocracy Power ideology Monarchy vs. republicsocio-political ideologies Absolute Legalist Constitutional Parliamentary Directorial Semi-presidential Presidential Authoritarian vs. libertariansocio-economic ideologies Tribalism Despotism Feudalism Colonialism Minarchism Distributism Anarchism Socialism Communism Totalitarianism Global vs. localgeo-cultural ideologies Commune City-state National government Intergovernmental organisation World government Politics portalv t e Part of a series on Politics Primary topics [show]Political systems [show]Academic disciplines [show]Public administration [show]Policy [show]Organs of government [show]Related topics [show]Subseries [hide]Electoral systems Elections ( voting)Federalism Form of government Ideology Political campaigning Political partiesv t e A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, often a state. [ 1]In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a means by which state policies are enforced, as well as a mechanism for determining the policy. Each government has a kind of constitution, a statement of its governing principles and philosophy. Typically the philosophy chosen is some balance between the principle of individual freedom and the idea of absolute state authority ( tyranny ). While all types of organizations have governance, the word government is often used more specifically to refer to the approximately 200 independent national governments on Earth, as well as subsidiary organizations. [ 2]Historically prevalent forms of government include aristocracy, timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, theocracy and tyranny. The main aspect of any philosophy of government is how political power is obtained, with the two main forms being electoral contest and hereditary succession. Contents [ hide ]1 Definitions and etymology2 History3 Political science3.1 Classifying government3.2 Social-political ambiguity3.3 The dialectical forms of government4 Forms of government4.1 Autocracy4.2 Aristocracy4.3 Democracy4.3.1 Republics5 Scope of government5.1 Federalism6 Economic systems7 Maps8 See also8.1 Principles8.2 Autonomy9 References10 Bibliography11 Further reading12 External links Definitions and etymology [ edit]A government is the system to govern a state or community. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2294176#0",
"title": "http://www.academia.edu/6202099/Personalism_A_type_or_characteristic_of_authoritarian_regimes\nPersonalism: A type or characteristic of authoritarian regimes?",
"text": "pdf Personalism: A type or characteristic of authoritarian regimes?20 Pages Personalism: A type or characteristic of authoritarian regimes? Uploaded by J. Van den Boschconnect to download Get pdf Personalism: A type or characteristic of authoritarian regimes? Download S TAT I / A R T I C L E S Personalism: A type or characteristic of authoritarian regimes? Jeroen Van den Bosch* Abstract / his paper takes a closer look at those authoritarian political regimes with a leader holding absolute power referred to as either ‘personalist’ or ‘neo-patrimonial regimes. In the literature, these regimes have been set apart since they exhibit a diferent behavior than their counter- parts that are not under personal rule. his paper proposes another approach and aims to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of such regimes not being treated as a separate type, but analyzed with regard to their personalist element as a characteristic that can be present in various autocratic types. Firstly, this paper gives an overview of the characteristics of personalism and the dynamics by which autocrats acquire such amounts of personal power. Secondly, to provide data for the question at hand, the author links medium-N quantitative datasets of regimes in Sub-Saharan Africa (1972–2010). By linking insights from Hadenius & Teorell, Bueno de Mesquita, Geddes and many other prominent scholars who have contributed to political regime theory, the author investigates the various sources of personalist regimes in Sub-Saharan Africa in order to answer the research question. Keywords / dictatorship, personal rule, personalist regimes, political regimes, Sub-Saharan Africa * Jeroen Van den Bosch, Faculty of Political Science and Journalism, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, POLAND."
},
{
"docid": "D69732#0",
"title": "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/autocracy\nautocracy",
"text": "autocracy Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Financial, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia .au·toc·ra·cy (ô-tŏk′rə-sē)n. pl. au·toc·ra·cies1. Government by a single person having unlimited power; despotism.2. A country or state that is governed by a single person with unlimited power. American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.autocracy ( ɔːˈtɒkrəsɪ) n, pl -cies1. ( Government, Politics & Diplomacy) government by an individual with unrestricted authority2. ("
},
{
"docid": "D765064#0",
"title": "http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/List_of_forms_of_government\nList of forms of government",
"text": "\"navigation search It doesn't stop at the water's edge Politics Theory Political spectrum Political party Government ( forms of)Practice International relations Propaganda War Philosophies National anarchism Political philosophy Socialism Terms Discrimination Gun control Supply side economics As usual Anti-electoralism Partisan Wingnut Country sectionsv - t - e This page contains too many unsourced statements and needs to be improved . List of forms of government could use some help. Please research the article's assertions. Whatever is credible should be sourced, and what is not should be removed. Ever wondered what all those -ocracies and -archies were? Seek no further than Rational Wiki's list of forms of government. It should be noted that not all of these are mutually exclusive. For example, the United States is both a (representative) democracy and a republic, and dictatorships are often kleptocracies. Not to mention the fact that Confederacies, Federations, and Unitary countries are not political systems in the sense that democracies and monarchies are; those terms denote how power is divided vis a vis the regions of a nation. Whether a government is confederated, federal, or unitary does not necessarily affect how democratic/monarchical a government is."
},
{
"docid": "D574491#0",
"title": "http://www.studymode.com/subjects/definition-of-democracy-page1.html\n\"\"\"Definition Of Democracy\"\" Essays and Research Papers\"",
"text": "\"\"\"Definition Of Democracy\"\" Essays and Research Papers Definition Of Democracy Etymologically, democracy comes from two Greek words, demos and cratein. Demos means society while cratein means authority. There are many terminological definitions of democracy, one of it is definition is by Henry B. Mayo stating that democracy is a political system showing the public policy determined by representatives audited effectively by the society by having periodic elections based on principles of political similarities in a situation where there is freedom to choose. This means that... Communist state, Democracy, Elections 1451 Words | 5 Pages Open Document Definition of Democracy Definition of democracy Democracy is a term referring to a form of government whereby all citizens are equally eligible in the creation, development and proposal of laws. It is a principle of freedom meant to improve the citizen lives and the cities. It is when the people in a nation are the main source of political power either directly or through elected representatives. Democracy encompasses economic, cultural and social conditions which enable freedom and equality in the practice of political... Autocracy, Democracy, Government 602 Words | 2 Pages Open Document Democracythe world are democracies. Knowing what is a democracy is really important, especially for those who live in a democracy. It allows you to understand what is the rule that the government plays in the society and know what are your rights and duties under a democratic administration. This essay will seek to define Democracy, the meaning of the word, the system and the history, and describe two of the most famous democracies: Direct democracy and Representative democracy ."
},
{
"docid": "D2866121#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/21619763/141-142-flash-cards/\n14.1 & 14.2",
"text": "\"46 terms Syd Hudock14.1 & 14.2Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Under Alexander 3, what behavior would result in arrest as a political prisoner? -questioning absolute authority of the czar -worship outside the Russian Orthodox Church -spoke a language other than Russian -trying to get around censorship... if teachers didn't send reports on students -if you were Jewish What was gained by the czar's censorship and strict policing? It gave him \"\"total\"\" control and helped to wipe out revolutionaries (continued autocracy) -creates a cultural Russia and nationalism behind him -gives him more power because of fear What measures were taken to make Russia more competitive with Europe and the U. S? Nicholas' minister found foreign investors and raised taxes which helped the heavy industry of steel. Russia began to work on a railroad that would connect European Russia to the Pacific Ocean- the trans-Siberian railway. industrialized!Why did industrialization in Russia lead to unrest? There were bad working conditions, low wages, and child labor. The government outlawed trade unions so many unhappy workers went on strike."
},
{
"docid": "D90716#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government\nGovernment",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Government (disambiguation) and Gov (disambiguation). Part of the Politics series Basic forms of government Power structure Separation Associated state Dominion Chiefdom Federalism Federation Confederation Devolution Integration Empire Hegemony Unitary state Administrative division Power source Democracypower of many Direct Representative Liberal Social Demarchy others Oligarchypower of few Aristocracy Plutocracy Kraterocracy Stratocracy Timocracy Meritocracy Technocracy Geniocracy Noocracy Kritarchy Particracy Ergatocracy Netocracy Autocracypower of one Despotism Dictatorship Military dictatorship Others Anocracy Anarchy Theocracy Power ideology Monarchy vs. republicsocio-political ideologies Absolute Legalist Constitutional Parliamentary Directorial Semi-presidential Presidential Authoritarian vs. libertariansocio-economic ideologies Tribalism Despotism Feudalism Colonialism Minarchism Distributism Anarchism Socialism Communism Totalitarianism Global vs. localgeo-cultural ideologies Commune City-state National government Intergovernmental organisation World government Politics portalv t e Part of a series on Politics Primary topics [show]Political systems [show]Academic disciplines [show]Public administration [show]Policy [show]Organs of government [show]Related topics [show]Subseries [hide]Electoral systems Elections ( voting)Federalism Form of government Ideology Political campaigning Political partiesv t e A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, often a state. [ 1]In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a means by which state policies are enforced, as well as a mechanism for determining the policy. Each government has a kind of constitution, a statement of its governing principles and philosophy. Typically the philosophy chosen is some balance between the principle of individual freedom and the idea of absolute state authority ( tyranny ). While all types of organizations have governance, the word government is often used more specifically to refer to the approximately 200 independent national governments on Earth, as well as subsidiary organizations. [ 2]Historically prevalent forms of government include aristocracy, timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, theocracy and tyranny. The main aspect of any philosophy of government is how political power is obtained, with the two main forms being electoral contest and hereditary succession. Contents [ hide ]1 Definitions and etymology2 History3 Political science3.1 Classifying government3.2 Social-political ambiguity3.3 The dialectical forms of government4 Forms of government4.1 Autocracy4.2 Aristocracy4.3 Democracy4.3.1 Republics5 Scope of government5.1 Federalism6 Economic systems7 Maps8 See also8.1 Principles8.2 Autonomy9 References10 Bibliography11 Further reading12 External links Definitions and etymology [ edit]A government is the system to govern a state or community. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2420023#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_form_of_government_is_Andorra_Europe\nWhat form of government is Andorra Europe?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Travel & Places Continents and Regions Continents Europe What form of government is Andorra Europe? Flag What form of government is Andorra Europe? Edit Answer by European Union Confidence votes 45.9KAndorra is a unitary parliamentary constitutional diarchy. Basically, Andorra is a constitutional diarchy. A diarchy is where there are two heads of state, compared to a monarchy which only has one. The President of France and the Bishop of Urgell serve as Co-Princes of Andorra.1 person found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Charlie N. 122,923 Contributions I have spent many years renovating buildings and leading a commercial handyman crew. What is Andorra? Andorra is a tiny country in the mountains between Spain and France Edit Isadora Duncan 220,164 Contributions What type of government does Andorra have? A Parlialentary Democracy and Co-principality."
},
{
"docid": "D2230709#0",
"title": "http://www.tristarmedia.com/bestofrussia/decembrists.html\n.",
"text": "\"T he history of Russia encompasses a vast range of revolutionary activity, aimed at the overthrow of the autocracy, from the unsuccessful uprising of Stepan Razin to the bloody upheaval of 1917. For the most part, the early revolts were provoked by the common folk who lacked functional knowledge of politics and economics to implement concrete reforms had they succeeded. I n the early19th century, however, the tide changed direction as revolutionary ideas began to permeate the minds of young noblemen who, having witnessed the benefits delivered by the constitutional government to the countries of Western Europe, were prompted to release their motherland from the manacles of autocratic oppression. A ppropriately named after the unsuccessful uprising of December 14, 1825 against Tzar Nicholas I, these men entered the pages of history as the Decembrists. A lthough the Decembrist insurrection completely failed, it was nonetheless the first attempt in modern Russian history to overthrow the absolutist regime whose leaders pursued specific political goals: reorganization of the government and abolition of serfdom. F or the first time in the history of Russia, there existed an influential group of society that held conception of Russian state as distinct and separate from the ruler and administrative institutions. Intoxicated with the progressive ideas of Western Enlightenment, these young men undertook an onerous task of eradicating the absolutist regime and backwardness of their country. S ocially, nineteenth century Russia developed along the lines very different from those of Western Europe. General backwardness of the Russian society, particularly evident in the dominance of agriculture and enslavement of the peasantry, contrasts sharply with the rise of modern urban capitalistic state in the countries of Western Europe. The impact of the delayed progress was not as poignantly perceived until the War of 1812 and subsequent exposure to the Western culture saturated with sentiments of individual rights and freedoms and fashioned in the manner of a contemporary industrial state."
},
{
"docid": "D2468034#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-autocracy-dictatorship-oligarchy-absolutism-and-tyranny\nWhat is the difference between autocracy, dictatorship, oligarchy, absolutism and tyranny?",
"text": "Oligarchies Dictatorships Politics What is the difference between autocracy, dictatorship, oligarchy, absolutism and tyranny?7 Answers Anonymous Answered Dec 30, 2015Autocracy- One person with absolute power over the entire country without any limits. May be benevolent or evil, it depends. Historically, absolute monarchies such as the Russian Empire before 1905 and Nazi Germany were autocracies. Tyranny- One person with absolute power over the entire country without any limits but gained their power through illegal means. Usually cruel and oppressive. May sometimes be considered an autocracy. Tyrants include the Kim family in North Korea and Pol Pot. Dictatorship- Dictatorship can mean rule by one person or by one political body such as a military junta with absolute or near absolute power. They may have come into power legally or illegally. Tyranny and autocracy are forms of dictatorship."
},
{
"docid": "D2429723#0",
"title": "http://eng.tzar.ru/museums/history/monarchy\n.",
"text": "Russian Monarchy The history of the Imperial Romanov Family is part of Russian history, with its several pages devoted to Tsarskoye Selo. After Peter the Great became the first Russian emperor in 1721, Russia was the empire and absolute monarchy until the last Russian emperor Nicholas II’s abdication in 1917. For nearly two centuries, nine emperors and four empresses succeeded one another on the Russian throne. Biographies of many of them were closely related to Tsarskoye Selo, where the Russian imperial court lived in summer. Catherine I gave the imperial summer residence its birth, Catherine II gave it its prime. Tsarskoye Selo was a family home with plenty of happy days to many Russian emperors. Emperor Peter IPeter I the Great (1672–1725), Russia’s first emperor and the most celebrated one of the Romanov dynasty. The world history knew not many brilliant reformers like Peter. His sweeping reform modernized all sides of Russia including legislation, courts, finances, cities, church, army and social life. The Great Northern War of 1700 – 1721, during which Russia with its allies Denmark and Saxony opposed Sweden to seize the Baltic coast, became the engine of Peter’s reform."
},
{
"docid": "D2742169#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/The_difference_between_republic_and_oligarchy\nThe difference between republic and oligarchy?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society Politics and Government The difference between republic and oligarchy? Flag The difference between republic and oligarchy? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time.with oligarchy decisions are made by the few,so the majority does not benefit,but with a republic,rules are made by representatives of the people so the majority benefits.1 person found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Joncey 144,431 Contributions What are the differences between a federal republic and republic? A federal republic consists of states with a high degree of autonomy and they cannot be merged and their boundaries cannot be altered by the national legislature. Examples of …What are the differences between oligarchy and theocracy? They are functionally the same. Theocracy is the rule by a small number of a religious sect. The Vatican is an example of a theocracy. The Massachusetts Bay Company was anothe …What is the difference between autocracy and oligarchy?"
},
{
"docid": "D833557#0",
"title": "http://www.chacha.com/question/in-what-kind-of-government-does-a-small-group-have-a-firm-control-over-a-country%3F-a.-monarchy-b.-oligarchy-c.-totalitarian-d.-representative-democracy\nIn what kind of government does a small group have a firm control over a country? A. Monarchy B. Oligarchy C. Totalitarian D. Representative democracy.",
"text": "\"kyle wiles In what kind of government does a small group have a firm control over a country? A. Monarchy B. Oligarchy C. Totalitarian D. Representative democracy. Asked on March 24, 2016 (9 months ago) Topics: Politics › Government › Democracy, Monarchy, Oligarchy Answer Aadori --In an oligarchy, a small group has a firm control over a country.0 9 months ago Tucson, AZDo you know the answer? Login or Sign Up to answer this question.data-config-site-section=\"\"chacha\"\">Related Democracy Questions Which of the following is a government in which the power comes from the people who, elect officials to govern on their behalf? A. Direct Democracy B. Absolute Monarchy C. Oligarchy D. Republic. The answer is A} Direct Democracy.. Where the people vote on issues.what is a type of government that has a monarchy, Representative government, autocracy, oligarchy, or direct democracy? Constitutional monarchy. A monarchy is a form of government in which an individual... The government in which the chief magistrate (ruler) holds office by hereditary right is called (a) a democracy (be) a monarchy (C) an oligarchy. That would be considered a monarchy. In which form of government do individuals have the most freedom?"
},
{
"docid": "D1756794#0",
"title": "http://www.governmentvs.com/en/autocracy-examples/style-6\nAutocracy Examples",
"text": "Autocracy Examples≡ Filter ≡ Order By≡ Sort By Filter Value Governments? Majority Rule? Succession? Parliament? Constitution? Word Origin Period? Origin Era Authoritarian Definition | Character... | Countries | History Add to compare✘Neither Heritance nor Elective Sometimes present Sometimes present 17th century AD A. D. Autocracy Definition | Character... | Countries | History Add to compare✘Heritance as well as Elective Absent Absent 17th century AD B. C. Chiefdom Definition | Character... | Countries | History Add to compare✘Heritance as well as Elective Sometimes present Sometimes present 14th century AD A. D. Despotism Definition | Character... | Countries | History Add to compare✘Heritance Absent Absent 14th century BC B. C. Dictatorship Definition | Character... | Countries | History Add to compare✘Heritance as well as Elective Sometimes present Sometimes present 16th century AD A. D. Fascism Definition | Character... | Countries | History Add to compare✘Neither Heritance nor Elective Absent Present 18th century AD A. D. Kleptocracy Definition | Character... | Countries | History Add to compare✘Neither Heritance nor Elective Sometimes present Sometimes present 17th century AD A. D. Kratocracy Definition | Character... | Countries | History Add to compare✘Heritance Absent Absent 19th century AD A. D. Stratocracy Definition | Character... | Countries | History Add to compare✘Neither Heritance nor Elective Sometimes present Sometimes present 17th century AD A. D. Totalitarian Definition | Character... | Countries | History Add to compare✘Neither Heritance nor Elective Absent Absent 18th century AD B. C. Page of 2 Results per page Types of Autocracy A nation adopts a type of government after considering various facts. When these government forms are adopted for governing, they are modified slightly according to the social or economic or political conditions prevalent at that time. This sires Types of Autocracy. Those government forms which come under Autocracy Examples +, have similar primary principle."
},
{
"docid": "D1639071#0",
"title": "https://www.homeworkmarket.com/content/countries-autocracy-based-governments-have\nCountries with autocracy-based governments have",
"text": "Countries with autocracy-based governments havemckennabrianne Field: Government Posted : 4 years ago Due : 21/01/2014 Budget : $ 3Report Issue A. a small group of leaders with similar political views B. regular elections to select representative officials C. a single ruler who may be a monarch or dictator D. shared decisions between citizens and leaders Answers 6teacher Charles Rated 1244 times Chat Not rated 4 years ago Purchase the answer to view itc.doc Buy answer $3puja Rated 694 times Chat Not rated 4 years ago Purchase the answer to view it Buy answer $3SMA Pro Rated 262 times Chat Not rated 4 years ago Purchase the answer to view it Buy answer $3excellentassignments Rated 242 times Chat Not rated 4 years ago Purchase the answer to view it Buy answer $1unique9270Rated 168 times Chat Not rated 4 years ago Purchase the answer to view it Buy answer $0.5Work Smart Rated 65 times Chat Not rated 4 years ago Purchase the answer to view itautocracy-based_governments.doc Buy answer $3"
},
{
"docid": "D2601286#0",
"title": "http://www.governmentvs.com/en/authoritarian-vs-autocracy-definition/comparison-57-40-11\nAuthoritarian vs Autocracy Definition",
"text": "Authoritarian vs Autocracy Definition Facebook Twitter Google+ Email Linked In▼Authoritarian▼Autocracyswap <> Autocracy vs Authoritarian Definition Summary Definition Characteristics Countries History Similarities Differences All▼ ▼Definition A government which signifies blind trust towards the authority A government type in which a single person has unlimited authority Oxford Dictionary At the expense of personal freedom when obediece to authority is enforced then it is called as Authoritarian Government A system of government in which absolute power is with one person. Cambridge Dictionary A type of government that demands people to obey complete and refuses to give them any freedom. A government form in which unlimited power or authority is with a single person or a small group. Merriam-Webster Dictionary A government type which expects people to obey rules and laws blindly. When on person possesses unlimited power in a government, then it is called as Autocracy. Etymology Word Origin Language (s) English, Latin English, Greek Latin Root auctor - auctoritas Not Applicable Greek Root Not Applicable autokrateia Other autorite (Old French) - author (English) autocrat (English)Word Origin Period 17th century AD 17th century AD ⇅Similar Government Types Autocracy Despotism Dictatorship Fascism Totalitarian Authoritarian Despotism Dictatorship Fascism Kleptocracy Characteristics >> << Summary Comparison of Authoritarian vs Autocracy Definition Definition is the most distinguishing factor for any type of government. Comparison of Authoritarian vs Autocracy definition provides you with the exact difference between the meanings of both the types of government. It is now easier to compare Authoritarian Definition vs Authoritarian Definition from three different dictionaries. Along with the dictionary definitions, etymology comparisonn is also provided. Etymology gives the difference between the word origins of both the government forms."
},
{
"docid": "D2834937#0",
"title": "https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/government-15/democracy-115/the-spread-of-liberal-democracy-639-10408/\nDemocracy",
"text": "Democracy Democracy is an egalitarian form of government in which all the citizens of a nation together determine policy, laws, and state actions. Learning Objectives Discuss the definition of democracy: its core qualities, and any controversy over those qualities Key Takeaways Key Points The most common system that is deemed democratic in the modern world is parliamentary democracy in which the voting public takes part in elections and chooses politicians to represent them in a legislative assembly. A purer form is direct democracy in which the voting public makes direct decisions or participates directly in the political process. Elements considered essential to democracy include freedom of political expression, freedom of speech, and freedom of the press, so that citizens are adequately informed and able to vote according to their own best interests as they see them. Majority rule is often listed as a characteristic of democracy. However, it is also possible for a minority to be oppressed by a tyranny of the majority in the absence of governmental or constitutional protections of individual or group rights. Key Termsegalitarian: Characterized by social equality and equal rights for all people.civil society: All of the institutions, voluntary organizations, and corporate bodies that are less than the state but greater than the family. Parliament: A democratic government’s legislature. Democracy is an egalitarian form of government in which all the citizens of a nation together determine public policy, the laws, and the actions of their state. It requires that all citizens (meeting certain qualifications) have an equal opportunity to express their opinion."
},
{
"docid": "D1730054#0",
"title": "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Totalitarian+government\ntotalitarianism",
"text": "\"totalitarianism (redirected from Totalitarian government) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal .totalitarianism (tōtăl'ĭtâr`ēənĭzəm), a modern autocratic government in which the stateinvolves itself in all facets of society, including the daily life of its citizens. A totalitarian governmentseeks to control not only all economic and political matters but the attitudes, values, and beliefs of its population, erasing the distinction between state and society. The citizen's duty to the statebecomes the primary concern of the community, and the goal of the state is the replacement of existing society with a perfect society. Various totalitarian systems, however, have different ideological goals. For example, of the statesmost commonly described as totalitarian—the Soviet Union under Stalin, Nazi Germany, and the People's Republic of China under Mao—the Communist regimes of the Soviet Union and Chinasought the universal fulfillment of humankind through the establishment of a classless society (seecommunismcommunism,fundamentally, a system of social organization in which property (especially real property and the means of production) is held in common. Thus, the ejido system of theindigenous people of Mexico and the property-and-work system of the Inca were both communist,..... Click the link for more information. ); German National Socialism National Socialism or Nazism,doctrines and policies of the National Socialist German Workers' party, which ruled Germany under Adolf Hitler from 1933 to 1945...... Click the link for more information., on the other hand, attempted to establish thesuperiority of the so-called Aryan race. Characteristics Despite the many differences among totalitarian states, they have several characteristics in common, of which the two most important are: the existence of an ideology that addresses allaspects of life and outlines means to attain the final goal, and a single mass party through whichthe people are mobilized to muster energy and support. The party is generally led by a dictatordictator,originally a Roman magistrate appointed to rule the state in times of emergency; in modern usage, an absolutist or autocratic ruler who assumes extraconstitutional powers."
},
{
"docid": "D983231#0",
"title": "http://www.audioenglish.org/dictionary/despotism.htm\nDESPOTISM",
"text": "\"Audio English.org » Dictionary » D » Desirable ... Desquamate DESPOTISMPronunciation (US): Dictionary entry overview: What does despotism mean?• DESPOTISM (noun) The noun DESPOTISM has 2 senses:1. dominance through threat of punishment and violence 2. a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc. ) Familiarity information: DESPOTISM used as a noun is rare. Dictionary entry details• DESPOTISM (noun)Sense 1 despotism [BACK TO TOP]Meaning: Dominance through threat of punishment and violence Classified under: Nouns denoting stable states of affairs Synonyms:absolutism; despotism; tyranny Hypernyms (\"\"despotism\"\" is a kind of...):ascendance; ascendancy; ascendence; ascendency; control; dominance (the state that exists when one person or group has power over another)Sense 2 despotism [BACK TO TOP]Meaning: A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc. ) Classified under: Nouns denoting groupings of people or objects Synonyms:shogunate; authoritarianism; Caesarism; tyranny; dictatorship; monocracy; one-man rule; totalitarianism; Stalinism; absolutism; despotism Hypernyms (\"\"despotism\"\" is a kind of...):autarchy; autocracy (a political system governed by a single individual)Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of \"\"despotism\"\"):police state (a country that maintains repressive control over the people by means of police (especially secret police))Learn English with... Proverbs of the week\"\"Don't throw out the baby with the bathwater.\"\" ( English proverb) \"\"A fish cannot live without water.\"\" ( Albanian proverb) \"\"Every sun has to set.\"\" ( Arabic proverb) \"\"With friends like these, who needs enemies?\"\" ( Croatian proverb)DESPOTISM: related words searches» Meaning of ascendency » Meaning of ascendence » autocracy definition » police state: pronunciation in phonetic transcription » Definition of autarchy DESPOTDESPOTICDESPOTICALDESPOTISMDESQUAMATEDESQUAMATIONDESSERTDESSERT APPLEDESSERT PLATEDESSERT SPOONEnglish learning courses About Practical English About Telephone English About Accounting English Learn English Free English Language Dictionary British and American English pronunciation Other popular searches:» what does ivy league mean » densification » what does optimistic mean » bumper-to-bumper » meaning of greek letters Page delivered in 0.0383 seconds \""
}
] |
8677 | _____ is a killing that is committed with extreme recklessness or negligence. | [
{
"docid": "D803108#0",
"title": "http://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-charges/involuntary-manslaughter-overview.html\nInvoluntary Manslaughter Overview",
"text": "\"Involuntary Manslaughter Overview Involuntary manslaughter usually refers to an unintentional killing that results from recklessness or criminal negligence, or from an unlawful act that is a misdemeanor or low-level felony (such as a DUI ). The usual distinction from voluntary manslaughter is that involuntary manslaughter (sometimes called \"\"criminally negligent homicide\"\") is a crime in which the victim's death is unintended. As an illustration, consider the following scenario. Dan comes home to find his wife in bed with Victor. Distraught, Dan heads to a local bar to drown his sorrows. After having five drinks, Dan jumps into his car and drives down the street at twice the posted speed limit. If Dan had killed Victor in a \"\"heat of passion\"\" at the time he discovered the affair, then he could be charged with voluntary manslaughter. However, if Dan instead accidentally hit and killed a pedestrian while driving recklessly and intoxicated, he could be charged with involuntary manslaughter. Elements of the Offense Three elements must be satisfied in order for someone to be found guilty of involuntary manslaughter: Someone was killed as a result of the defendant's actions. The act either was inherently dangerous to others or done with reckless disregard for human life."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D824130#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murderer\nMurder",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Murderer)navigation search This article is about the crime. For other uses, see Murder (disambiguation). \"\" Murderer\"\" and \"\"Double murder\"\" redirect here. For the film, see Double Murder. For other uses, see Murderer (disambiguation). For a broader coverage related to this topic, see Homicide. The assassination of Agamemnon, an illustration from Stories from the Greek Tragedians by Alfred Church, 1897. Criminal law Elements Actus reus Mens rea Causation Concurrence Scope of criminal liability Complicity Corporate Vicarious Severity of offense Felony Infraction (also called violation)Misdemeanor Inchoate offenses Attempt Conspiracy Incitement Solicitation Offence against the person Assassination Assault Battery Bigamy Criminal negligence False imprisonment Home invasion Homicide Kidnapping Manslaughter ( corporate) Mayhem Murdercorporate Negligent homicide Public indecency Rape Robbery Sexual assault Crimes against property Arson Blackmail Bribery Burglary Embezzlement Extortion False pretenses Fraud Larceny Payola Pickpocketing Possessing stolen property Robbery Smuggling Tax evasion Theft Crimes against justice Compounding Malfeasance in office Miscarriage of justice Misprision Obstruction Perjury Perverting the course of justice Victimless crimes Adultery Apostasy Buggery Providing contraception information ( Comstock law)Dueling Fornication Gambling Incest Lewd and lascivious behavior Exhibitionism Creation of obscenity Prostitution Recreational drug use (including alcohol, when prohibited) Sodomy Suicide Crimes against animals Cruelty to animals Wildlife smuggling Bestiality Defences to liability Automatism Consent Defence of property Diminished responsibility Duress Entrapment Ignorantia juris non excusat Infancy Insanity Justification Mistake ( of law) Necessity Provocation Self-defence Other common-law areas Contracts Evidence Property Torts Wills, trusts and estates Portals Criminal justice Lawv t e Part of a series on Homicide Murder Note: Varies by jurisdiction Assassination Cannibalism Child murder Consensual homicide Contract killing Crime of passion Depraved-heart murder Execution-style murder Felony murder rule Feticide Honor killing Human sacrifice Infanticide Child sacrifice Internet homicide Lonely hearts killer Lust murder Lynching Mass murder Mass shooting Misdemeanor murder Murder–suicide Poisoning Proxy murder Pseudocommando Serial killer Spree killer Thrill killing Torture murder Vehicle-ramming attack Manslaughter In English law Voluntary manslaughter Negligent homicide Vehicular homicide Non-criminal homicide Note: Varies by jurisdiction Assisted suicide Capital punishment Euthanasia Feticide Justifiable homicide War By victim or victims Suicide Family Avunculicide (Nepoticide) Familicide Mariticide Uxoricide Prolicide Filicide Infanticide Neonaticide Siblicide Fratricide Sororicide Parricide Matricide Patricide Other Blood libel Capital punishment Crucifixion Democide Friendly fire Gendercide Genocide Omnicide Regicide Stoning Tyrannicide War crimev t e Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification or valid excuse, especially the unlawful killing of another human being with malice aforethought. [ 1] [2] [3] This state of mind may, depending upon the jurisdiction, distinguish murder from other forms of unlawful homicide, such as manslaughter. Manslaughter is a killing committed in the absence of malice, brought about by reasonable provocation, or diminished capacity."
},
{
"docid": "D992326#0",
"title": "http://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-charges/homicide-definition.html\nHomicide Definition",
"text": "\"Homicide Definition Download article as a PDFTo begin with, not all homicides are crimes. Homicides include all killings of humans. Many homicides, such as murder and manslaughter, violate criminal laws. Others, such as a killing committed in justified self-defense, are not criminal. Illegal killings range from manslaughter to murder, with multiple degrees of each representing the gravity of the crime. Murder First degree murder is the most serious criminal homicide. Typically, first degree murder is both intentional and premeditated. Premeditated can mean anything from a long time plan to kill the victim, to a shorter term plan. The intent of the accused murderer does not need to be focused on the actual victim. If someone planned on killing one victim, but by accident kills someone else, the murder is still intentional and premeditated meaning a first degree murder charge."
},
{
"docid": "D144109#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manslaughter_in_English_law\nManslaughter in English law",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search In the English law of homicide, manslaughter is a less serious offence than murder, the differential being between levels of fault based on the mens rea ( Latin for \"\"guilty mind\"\") or by reason of a partial defence. In England and Wales, the usual practice is to prefer a charge of murder, with the judge or defence able to introduce manslaughter as an option (see lesser included offence ). The jury then decides whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty of either murder or manslaughter. On conviction for manslaughter, sentencing is at the judge's discretion, whereas a sentence of life imprisonment is mandatory on conviction for murder. Manslaughter may be either voluntary or involuntary, depending on whether the accused has the required mens rea for murder. Contents [ hide ]1 Voluntary manslaughter1.1 Diminished responsibility1.1.1 Abnormality of mind1.1.2 Specified causes1.1.3 Substantial impairment of mental responsibility1.2 Loss of control1.3 Suicide pacts2 Involuntary manslaughter2.1 Manslaughter by gross negligence2.2 Death by dangerous driving2.3 Manslaughter by an unlawful and dangerous act2.4 Unlawful (constructive) act manslaughter and the liability imposed on drug suppliers3 Defence4 Mode of trial and sentence5 Attempt6 History6.1 Voluntary manslaughter - former partial defence of provocation6.1.1 Acts constituting provocation6.1.2 Subjective limb: provocation in fact6.1.3 Objective limb: the reasonable man test7 See also8 References Voluntary manslaughter [ edit]Voluntary manslaughter occurs when the defendant kills with mens rea (an intention to kill or cause grievous bodily harm ), but one of those partial defences which reduce murder to manslaughter applies (these consist of mitigating circumstances which reduce the defendant's culpability). The original mitigating factors were provocation and chance medley which existed at common law, but the former has been abolished by statute, the latter has been held no longer to exist [1] and new defences have been created by statute. The Homicide Act 1957 now provides two defences which may be raised to allow the court to find the accused guilty of voluntary manslaughter: diminished responsibility and suicide pact. The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 creates the defence of \"\"loss of control\"\". Diminished responsibility [ edit]Main article: Diminished responsibility in English law See also: Diminished responsibility Under section 2 of the Homicide Act 1957 there are three requirements for the defendant to raise the defence of diminished responsibility."
},
{
"docid": "D2958244#0",
"title": "http://www.mymassachusettsdefenselawyer.com/massachusetts-criminal-charges/negligent-operation-reckless-driving/\nNegligent Operation / Reckless Driving",
"text": "Negligent Operation / Reckless Driving A negligent operation criminal citation is not just a traffic ticket, it is a criminal offense. Criminal Charge in Massachusetts? Call Attorney Russell Matson at (781) 817-6332. An arrest or citation for negligent operation of a motor vehicle (also known as “driving to endanger”, “operating so as to endanger” or generically reckless driving) is, in fact, a fairly serious criminal offense. Charges like this are far more than a “ticket” (even when you are handed a citation by the officer) and shouldn’t be handled without the help of a local Massachusetts defense attorney. I have personally defended many cases like this, with excellent results for my clients. Case Wins – Negligent Operation March 2018 Operating to Endanger Newburyport – 6 month file, to be Dismissed March 2018 Operating to Endanger Plymouth – 6 month CWOF November 2017 Operating to Endanger Brockton – Dismissed April 2017 Operating to Endanger Falmouth – Dismissed April 2017 Operating to Endanger Woburn – 6 month file, to be Dismissed February 2017 Operating to Endanger w/Serious Injury Westfield District Court 2 Year CWOF, Community Service, Restitution January 2017 Operating to Endanger Greenfield – Pretrial Probation, Dismissed December 2016 Operating to Endanger Concord – Filed for 1 year, Dismissed December 2016 Negligent Operation Waltham – Filed for 1 year, Dismissed October 2016 Negligent Operation Quincy – Filed for 3 Months, Dismissed October 2016 Operating to Endanger Uxbridge – CWOF for 3 Months September 2016 Operating to Endanger Quincy – Dismissed Negligent Operation Pittsfield – Dismissed September 2016 Negligent Operation Fall River – No Criminal Complaint Issued September 2016 Negligent Operation Boston – Continued without a Finding August 2016 Negligent Operation + Failure to stop Uxbridge – Dismissed Negligent Operation Hingham – Dismissed July 2016 Negligent Operation Plymouth – Pretrial Probation June 2016 Negligent Operation Salem – Dismissed Negligent Operation Lawrence – Dismissed January 2016 Operating to Endanger Attleboro – Dismissed Negligent Operation Orange – Dismissed Negligent Operation Brockton – Dismissed at pretrial hearing December 2015 Negligent Operation Plymouth – Dismissed after 6 months Operating to Endanger Hingham – Dismissed November 2015 Operating to Endanger Quincy – Dismissed Operating to Endanger Attleboro – Dismissed Operating to Endanger Somerville – Dismissed September 2015 Negligent Operation Framingham – Dismissed Quincy – Dismissed August 2015 Operating to Endanger Barnstable – Dismissed Negligent Operation Worcester – Dismissed July 2015 Negligent Operation Cambridge – Dismissed June 2015 Negligent Operation Leominster- Dismissed Quite often, I can make this charge go away at a clerk’s hearing. I’ve used a wide variety of winning defense strategies at these hearings, detailed below. The police may decide to charge you with a criminal driving offense like negligent operation or operating to endanger for a variety of reasons, although they are all subjective on the part of the police officer. You may be accused of speeding and cutting people off or riding too closely."
},
{
"docid": "D800617#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mens_rea\nMens rea",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Criminal law Elements Actus reus Mens rea Causation Concurrence Scope of criminal liability Complicity Corporate Vicarious Severity of offense Felony Infraction (also called violation)Misdemeanor Inchoate offenses Attempt Conspiracy Incitement Solicitation Offence against the person Assassination Assault Battery Bigamy Criminal negligence False imprisonment Home invasion Homicide Kidnapping Manslaughter ( corporate) Mayhem Murdercorporate Negligent homicide Public indecency Rape Robbery Sexual assault Crimes against property Arson Blackmail Bribery Burglary Embezzlement Extortion False pretenses Fraud Larceny Payola Pickpocketing Possessing stolen property Robbery Smuggling Tax evasion Theft Crimes against justice Compounding Malfeasance in office Miscarriage of justice Misprision Obstruction Perjury Perverting the course of justice Victimless crimes Adultery Apostasy Buggery Providing contraception information ( Comstock law)Dueling Fornication Gambling Incest Lewd and lascivious behavior Exhibitionism Creation of obscenity Prostitution Recreational drug use (including alcohol, when prohibited) Sodomy Suicide Crimes against animals Cruelty to animals Wildlife smuggling Bestiality Defences to liability Automatism Consent Defence of property Diminished responsibility Duress Entrapment Ignorantia juris non excusat Infancy Insanity Justification Mistake ( of law) Necessity Provocation Self-defence Other common-law areas Contracts Evidence Property Torts Wills, trusts and estates Portals Criminal justice Lawv t e Mens rea ( / ˈ m ɛ n z ˈ r iː ə /; Law Latin for \"\" guilty mind \"\" [1] [2] [3]) is the mental element of a person's intention to commit a crime or knowledge that one's action or lack of action would cause a crime to be committed. It is a necessaryelement of many crimes. The standard common law test of criminal liability is expressed in the Latin phrase actus reus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea, i.e. \"\"the act is not culpable unless the mind is guilty\"\". In jurisdictions with due process, there must be both actus reus (\"\"guilty act\"\") and mens rea for a defendant to be guilty of a crime (see concurrence ). As a general rule, someone who acted without mental fault is not liable in criminal law. Exceptions are known as strict liability crimes. In civil law, it is usually not necessary to prove a subjective mental element to establish liability for breach of contract or tort, for example. But if a tort is intentionally committed or a contract is intentionally breached, such intent may increase the scope of liability and the damages payable to the plaintiff. In some jurisdictions, the terms mens rea and actus reus have been replaced by alternative terminology. In Australia, mens rea is now called \"\"fault elements\"\" or \"\"mental elements\"\" and actus reus is now called \"\"physical elements\"\" or \"\"external elements\"\"."
},
{
"docid": "D2722283#0",
"title": "http://injury.findlaw.com/accident-injury-law/recklessness.html\nRecklessness",
"text": "Recklessness Download article as a PDFSometimes a person's conduct is so reckless that it becomes the basis for a lawsuit or criminal prosecution. If a person acts with such utter disregard for the safety of others -- and knows (or should know) that his actions may cause harm to someone else -- he may be liable for injuries caused by his recklessness. There are four basic theories of liabilities which, depending on the type of lawsuit, can render a defendant liable for injuries he or she causes. Intent (also called willfulness) means the person acted with the intent to cause harm. Recklessness means the person knew (or should have known) that his or her action were likely to cause harm. Negligence means that the person acted in violation of a duty to someone else, with the breach of that duty causing harm to someone else. Strict liability is reserved for certain specific situations where someone can be held liable for harms they cause no matter what their mental state was. Recklessness involves conduct that is short of actual intent to cause harm, but greater than simple negligence. Unlike negligence -- which occurs when a person unknowingly takes a risk that they should have been aware of -- recklessness means to knowingly take a risk. State laws prohibit many reckless behaviors and look upon reckless actors as social dangers because they gamble with other people's safety."
},
{
"docid": "D144111#0",
"title": "http://statelaws.findlaw.com/pennsylvania-law/pennsylvania-involuntary-manslaughter-laws.html\nPennsylvania Involuntary Manslaughter Laws",
"text": "Pennsylvania Involuntary Manslaughter Laws Overview of Pennsylvania Involuntary Manslaughter Laws Involuntary manslaughter, unlike other homicide charges set by Pennsylvania law, does not require an intent to kill. Rather than rely on the defendant's intent, the charge of involuntary manslaughter penalizes unintentional killings. By pursuing involuntary manslaughter, the state seeks to prevent and punish activities that happen with disregard for human life. To prove involuntary manslaughter, a prosecutor must show that the defendant caused the victim's death by reckless or grossly negligent conduct while engaging a lawful or unlawful activity. A lawful act such as driving a car may be the basis for involuntary manslaughter if the defendant drove recklessly. The prosecutor must show a causal link between the defendant's reckless or negligent conduct and the victim's death. If the chain of events leading to the homicide does not trace back directly or substantially to the defendant, the state may have difficult time with proving involuntary manslaughter. A prosecutor can establish gross negligence or recklessness by comparing the defendant's actions with an established standard of care that a reasonable person would follow. The prosecutor might also look at whether the defendant purposefully ignored a known danger or continued an activity even when significant risks became obvious. Below you will find more specific information about Pennsylvania's involuntary manslaughter laws."
},
{
"docid": "D2477858#0",
"title": "https://www.drivinglaws.org/resources/washington-negligent-reckless-driving-laws-penalties.htm\nWashington's Reckless Driving Laws and Penalties",
"text": "\"Washington's Reckless Driving Laws and Penalties Read about Washington’s reckless driving laws and the consequences of a conviction. By John Mc Curley, Attorney Facing a DUI? We've helped 115 clients find attorneys today. Please answer a few questions to help us match you with attorneys in your area. Select a Practice Area Prior alcohol related offenses\"\"In Nolo you can trust. \"\"— The New York Times Why You Can Trust Us We match 50,000 consumers with lawyers every month. Our service is 100% free of charge. Nolo is a part of the Martindale Nolo network, which has been matching clients with attorneys for 100+ years. Featured In Copyright © 2018 Nolo ® Self-help services may not be permitted in all states. The information provided on this site is not legal advice, does not constitute a lawyer referral service, and no attorney-client or confidential relationship is or will be formed by use of the site."
},
{
"docid": "D612547#0",
"title": "https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/1997/aug/15/medical-malpractice-instruction-warranted-in-eighth-amendment-suit/\nMedical Malpractice Instruction Warranted in Eighth Amendment Suit",
"text": "\"Medical Malpractice Instruction Warranted in Eighth Amendment Suit Loaded on Aug. 15, 1997 published in Prison Legal News August, 1997, page 22Filed under: Medical , Systemic Medical Neglect , Skeletal Injury , Eighth Amendment , Jury Instructions . Location: New York . Share: The court of appeals for the second circuit held that in some cases medical malpractice may constitute an eighth amendment violation and a failure to instruct a jury accordingly is reversible error. William Hathaway, a New York state prisoner, filed suit claiming prison doctors violated his eighth amendment right to medical care by taking two years to repair broken pins in his hip. This is the third time the appeals court has reversed and remanded this case. See: Hathaway v. Coughlin, 841 F.2d 48 (2nd Cir. 1988) and 37 F.3d 63 (2nd Cir. 1994) [PLN, March, 1995]. After being remanded for trial after the second remand a jury rendered a verdict in favor of Dr. Foote, the prison doctor who failed to treat Hathaway. The jury ruled that Hathaway had proved he had a serious medical need but did not prove that Dr. Foote was deliberately indifferent to that need. A successful deliberate indifference claim under the eighth amendment has two components that must be proven."
},
{
"docid": "D2722282#0",
"title": "https://www.polleverywhere.com/example/polls/is-a-killing-that-is-committed-with-extreme-recklessness-or-neglige-9265183\n\"\"\"is a killing that is committed with extreme recklessness or negligence\"\"\"",
"text": "\"\"\"is a killing that is committed with extreme recklessness or negligence\"\"A Poll Everywhere user asked an audience that very same question. Crowdsource answersis a killing that is committed with extreme recklessness or negligence Poll question Looks like a Poll Everywhere user asked an audience that very same question. You can crowdsource answers too! We'll walk you through the steps to turn this quesiton into a live poll. After that, you can ask any crowd, anywhere, anytime. Much more fun than asking Google. Crowdsource answers to this question. This is how it works Step 1Ask your audience a question with the Poll Everywhere app Step 2Audience answers in real time using mobile phones or web browsers Step 3See your response live on the web or in a Power Point presentation Still have questions? We invented this live text/web polling bonanza back in 2007. Now over 60% of the Fortune 500 and 100,000 educators use Poll Everywhere to engage everyone."
},
{
"docid": "D2915035#0",
"title": "https://www.nrlc.org/federal/unbornvictims/statehomicidelaws092302/\nState Homicide Laws That Recognize Unborn Victims",
"text": "State Homicide Laws That Recognize Unborn Victims● April 2, 2018 ● Unborn Victims of Violence National Right to Life Committee April 2, 2018What appears below is a summary of the laws of the 38 states that recognize the unlawful killing of an unborn child as homicide in at least some circumstances. The federal Unborn Victims of Violence Act , enacted April 1, 2004, covers unborn victims of federal and military crimes. If you wish to view or download a breakdown of state fetal homicide laws as a PDF document, click here. Full-Coverage Unborn Victim States (30) (States With Homicide Laws That Recognize Unborn Children as Victims Throughout the Period of Pre-natal Development)Alabama: Legislation taking effect July 1, 2006 (HB 19) amended Section 13A-6-1 of the Code of Alabama to include “an unborn child in utero at any stage of development, regardless of viability” as a “person” and “human being” for purposes of the state laws dealing with murder, manslaughter, criminally negligent homicide, and assault. Alaska: Alaska Statutes 11.41 (as amended by Senate Bill 20, enacted June 16, 2006) establishes the crimes of “murder of an unborn child,” “manslaughter of an unborn child,” “criminally negligent homicide of an unborn child,” and “assault of an unborn child.” Alaska Statutes 11.81.900 (b) defines “unborn child” as “a member of species Homo sapiens, at any stage of development, who is carried in the womb. ”Arizona: The “unborn child in the womb at any stage of its development” is fully covered by the state’s murder and manslaughter statutes. For purposes of establishing the level of punishment, a victim who is “an unborn child shall be treated like a minor who is under twelve years of age.” Senate Bill 1052, signed into law on April 25, 2005, amending the following sections of the Arizona Revised Statutes: 13-604, 13-604.01, 13-703, 13-1102, 13-1103, 13-1104, 13-1105, 13-4062, 31-412, 41-1604.11 and 41-1604.13. Arkansas: Effective in August, 2013, the killing of an “unborn child” is capital murder, murder in the first degree, murder in the second degree, manslaughter, or negligent homicide."
},
{
"docid": "D1696097#0",
"title": "http://law.wustl.edu/COURSES/INAZU/crimlaw/elements/mens-rea/\n.",
"text": "Unit 9: Introduction to Mens Rea Key Terms: Mens Rea (offense level and element level), Intent, Motive, Transferred Intent, Knowledge, Willfulness, Negligence, Reasonable Person, Recklessness, Malice, Strict Liability One of the most difficult and important inquiries of criminal responsibility is a defendant’s mental state, or mens rea . With few exceptions, criminal responsibility requires some degree of mens rea, and punishment can vary with the level of mens rea that can be proven. The reason for this is intuitively clear: if Mary elbows Jeff, it should matter whether she did so maliciously, carelessly, or accidentally. You should think of mens rea in two distinct ways: offense level and element level. Offense level mens rea tries to capture the blameworthiness of the overall conduct that resulted in a criminally punishable harm. Element level mens rea looks at the mental state that statutes or judicial decisions assign to each element of a criminal offense. Suppose that Jeff is a police officer. If Mary is charged with criminally assaulting a law enforcement officer for elbowing Jeff, we will want to be assured that her overall purpose was culpable (offense level mens rea). But to prove criminal liability (and depending on how the statutory offense is worded), we may also need to know that: (1) she intended to cause Jeff harm by elbowing him; (2) she knew that elbowing Jeff could be harmful; and (3) she knew that Jeff was a law enforcement officer. You should keep in mind different categories of mens rea that generally attach to different levels of culpability."
},
{
"docid": "D803109#0",
"title": "http://statelaws.findlaw.com/north-carolina-law/north-carolina-voluntary-manslaughter-laws.html\nNorth Carolina Voluntary Manslaughter Laws",
"text": "\"North Carolina Voluntary Manslaughter Laws Voluntary manslaughter refers to an intentional killing resulting from some sort of provocation, often called a \"\"heat of passion\"\" crime. This charge typically is reserved for instances where the defendant acted rashly, under the influence of extreme emotional distress. Involuntary manslaughter, on the other hand, is an accidental killing resulting from criminally negligent or reckless behavior. While states can treat voluntary manslaughter laws differently, North Carolina penalizes the offense (upon conviction) with a minimum of four years in prison. Voluntary Manslaughter Statutes in North Carolina The basics of North Carolina voluntary manslaughter laws are listed in the table below. Code Section North Carolina General Statutes § 14-18Definition of the Crime Any intentional killing in which the offender acted in the heat of passion or in response to provocation (not premeditated or planned)Classifications / Penalties Class D felony; 51-64 months in prison Defenses Self-defense; death was an accident (in which case it may be reduced to an involuntary manslaughter charge); insanity; actual innocence Possible voluntary manslaughter defenses are similar to other homicide defenses, and will vary according to the law of the state they are in and the circumstances of the case. First, a defendant facing a voluntary manslaughter charge could attempt to prove that they didn’t actually commit the crime, by providing an alibi or attacking the credibility of the prosecution’s evidence. A defendant could also concede his or her behavior, but claim that their actions were justified as self-defense. In this case the defendant would need to prove he or she had a reasonable need to use deadly force to protect his or her own life and that there was no bad behavior on his or her part. Finally, a voluntary manslaughter defendant could plead insanity at the time of the homicide."
},
{
"docid": "D3072526#0",
"title": "http://www.debate.org/opinions/should-bullies-be-charged-with-murder-if-their-victims-commit-suicide\nShould bullies be charged with murder if their victims commit suicide?",
"text": "\"Should bullies be charged with murder if their victims commit suicide? Asked by: The Shameless Truth Add a New Topic Add to My Favorites Debate This Topic Report This Topic77% Say Yes 23% Say No Yes yes yes Bullies are responsible for their own words and/or actions. If someone kills themselves because of their mean words, well so be it. Bullies should be charged for the wrong that they have done just as Murderers should be charged for anyone they kill. I wish we didn't need to use fifty words... Posted by: kawaii_crazy Report Post Reply Challenge13Punish the cause Regardless of whether or not they meant for the person to kill themselves it happens. If I accidentally kill someone with my car I should be held responsible even though it was unintentional. That bad part is that bullies know that people commit suicide sometimes and don't stop, that seems equal, if not worse to vehicular manslaughter Posted by: robert Molendyk Report Post Reply Challenge2A resounding yes In many cases, the victim doesn't even consider suicide prior to the bullying. As the bully caused the victim to take sper own life through the bully's actions, there is no way that such instances can be considered as anything other than murder on the part of the bully. Therefore, bullies should be charged with murder if their victims commit suicide. Report Post Reply2Bullies Can Be Harsh and Ignorant I believe that bullies can be extremely harsh and inconsiderate and ignorant of other people's lives and problems."
},
{
"docid": "D107912#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_law\nCriminal law",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Penal law\"\" redirects here. For the historic British laws punishing nonconformists, see Penal law (British). \"\" Criminal case\"\" redirects here. For game, see Criminal Case (video game). For the 1989 film, see Criminal Law (film). Criminal law Elements Actus reus Mens rea Causation Concurrence Scope of criminal liability Complicity Corporate Vicarious Severity of offense Felony Infraction (also called violation)Misdemeanor Inchoate offenses Attempt Conspiracy Incitement Solicitation Offence against the person Assassination Assault Battery Bigamy Criminal negligence False imprisonment Home invasion Homicide Kidnapping Manslaughter ( corporate) Mayhem Murdercorporate Negligent homicide Public indecency Rape Robbery Sexual assault Crimes against property Arson Blackmail Bribery Burglary Embezzlement Extortion False pretenses Fraud Larceny Payola Pickpocketing Possessing stolen property Robbery Smuggling Tax evasion Theft Crimes against justice Compounding Malfeasance in office Miscarriage of justice Misprision Obstruction Perjury Perverting the course of justice Victimless crimes Adultery Apostasy Buggery Providing contraception information ( Comstock law)Dueling Fornication Gambling Incest Lewd and lascivious behavior Exhibitionism Creation of obscenity Prostitution Recreational drug use (including alcohol, when prohibited) Sodomy Suicide Crimes against animals Cruelty to animals Wildlife smuggling Bestiality Defences to liability Automatism Consent Defence of property Diminished responsibility Duress Entrapment Ignorantia juris non excusat Infancy Insanity Justification Mistake ( of law) Necessity Provocation Self-defence Other common-law areas Contracts Evidence Property Torts Wills, trusts and estates Portals Criminal justice Lawv t e Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime. It proscribes conduct perceived as threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health, safety, and moral welfare of people. Most criminal law is established by statute, which is to say that the laws are enacted by a legislature. It includes the punishment of people who violate these laws. Criminal law varies according to jurisdiction, and differs from civil law, where emphasis is more on dispute resolution and victim compensation than on punishment."
},
{
"docid": "D3556078#0",
"title": "https://www.criminal-lawyer-colorado.com/cases-we-defend/understanding-the-complex-colorado-crime-of-reckless-endangerment-crs-18-3-208.html\n.",
"text": "Understanding The Complex Colorado Crime of Reckless Endangerment C. R. S. 18-3-208by H. Michael Steinberg – A Denver, Colorado Reckless Endangerment Attorney, C. R. S. 18-3-208A person who recklessly engages in conduct which creates a substantial risk of serious bodily injury to another person commits Colorado Reckless Endangerment, which is a class-3 misdemeanor in our state. C. R. S. 18-3-208. The definition of “ recklessly ” is: “A person acts recklessly when he consciously disregards a substantial and unjustifiable risk that a result will occur or that a circumstance exists. ”Every Crime is broken down into it’s elements – to prove this crime beyond a reasonable doubt – the District Attorney mut prove that:1. The Defendant2. Recklessly3, Engaged in Conduct which created a Substantial Risk of Serious Bodily Injury4. To Another Person The focus on most defenses to this crime is defeating the mental state behind the act itself – that mental state is “Recklessly.” Sometimes that requires the testimony of an expert on the standard of care to be applied in a given example of someone’s conduct. For example when it comes to the crime of manslaughter in Colorado: Recklessness involves a higher level of culpability than criminal negligence, but requires less culpability than intentional actions. The State establishes a cause of action for reckless manslaughter when it proves the defendant caused the victim’s death and the defendant Consciously disregarded a substantial and Unjustified risk that he would Cause the death of another."
},
{
"docid": "D2126476#0",
"title": "http://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/criminal-defense/domestic-violence/mississippi-domestic-violence-laws-charges-pen\nMississippi Domestic Violence Laws",
"text": "\"Mississippi Domestic Violence Laws By Lauren Baldwin, Contributing Author Defend your rights. We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today. Please answer a few questions to help us match you with attorneys in your area. Select a Practice Area When was the alleged crime committed? \"\" In Nolo you can trust. \"\"— The New York Times Why You Can Trust Us We match 50,000 consumers with lawyers every month. Our service is 100% free of charge. Nolo is a part of the Martindale Nolo network, which has been matching clients with attorneys for 100+ years. Featured In Copyright © 2018 Nolo ® Self-help services may not be permitted in all states. The information provided on this site is not legal advice, does not constitute a lawyer referral service, and no attorney-client or confidential relationship is or will be formed by use of the site."
},
{
"docid": "D166036#0",
"title": "http://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-law-basics/mens-rea-a-defendant-s-mental-state.html\nMens Rea - A Defendant's Mental State",
"text": "\"Mens Rea - A Defendant's Mental State Mens Rea -- A Defendant's Mental State Most crimes require what attorneys refer to as \"\"mens rea,\"\" which is simply Latin for a \"\"guilty mind.\"\" In other words, what a defendant was thinking and what the defendant intended when the crime was committed. Mens rea allows the criminal justice system to differentiate between someone who did not mean to commit a crime and someone who intentionally set out to commit a crime. To give an example, imagine two drivers who end up hitting and killing a pedestrian. Driver 1 never saw the person until it was too late, tried his or her best to brake, but could do nothing to stop the accident and in fact ended up killing the pedestrian. Driver 1 is still liable, but likely only in civil court for monetary damages. Driver 2, on the other hand, had been out looking for the pedestrian and upon seeing him, steered towards him, hit the gas pedal and slammed into him, killing him instantly. Driver 2 is probably criminally liable because he intended to kill the pedestrian, or at least he intended to cause serious bodily harm. Even though the pedestrian is killed in both scenarios (the outcome is the same), the intent of both drivers was very different and their punishments will be substantially different as a result. Careless versus Criminal Carelessness is generally referred to as \"\" negligence \"\" in legal terminology, and generally results in only civil liability."
},
{
"docid": "D299634#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complicit\nComplicity",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Complicit)navigation search For other uses, see Complicity (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( December 2012) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Criminal law Elements Actus reus Mens rea Causation Concurrence Scope of criminal liability Complicity Corporate Vicarious Severity of offense Felony Infraction (also called violation)Misdemeanor Inchoate offenses Attempt Conspiracy Incitement Solicitation Offence against the person Assassination Assault Battery Bigamy Criminal negligence False imprisonment Home invasion Homicide Kidnapping Manslaughter ( corporate) Mayhem Murdercorporate Negligent homicide Public indecency Rape Robbery Sexual assault Crimes against property Arson Blackmail Bribery Burglary Embezzlement Extortion False pretenses Fraud Larceny Payola Pickpocketing Possessing stolen property Robbery Smuggling Tax evasion Theft Crimes against justice Compounding Malfeasance in office Miscarriage of justice Misprision Obstruction Perjury Perverting the course of justice Victimless crimes Adultery Apostasy Buggery Providing contraception information ( Comstock law)Dueling Fornication Gambling Incest Lewd and lascivious behavior Exhibitionism Creation of obscenity Prostitution Recreational drug use (including alcohol, when prohibited) Sodomy Suicide Crimes against animals Cruelty to animals Wildlife smuggling Bestiality Defences to liability Automatism Consent Defence of property Diminished responsibility Duress Entrapment Ignorantia juris non excusat Infancy Insanity Justification Mistake ( of law) Necessity Provocation Self-defence Other common-law areas Contracts Evidence Property Torts Wills, trusts and estates Portals Criminal justice Lawv t e Complicity is the participation in a completed criminal act of an accomplice, a partner in the crime who aids or encourages (abets) other perpetrators of that crime, and who shared with them an intent to act to complete the crime. [ 1]: 725-804 A person is an accomplice of another person in the commission of a crime if they purpose the completion of a crime, and toward that end, if that person solicits or encourages the other person, or aids or attempts to aid in planning or committing the crime, or has legal duty to prevent that crime but fails to properly make an effort to prevent it. [ 2]Unlike attempt, solicitation, and conspiracy, which are crimes in and of themselves, complicity is not itself a crime, but is a way of committing a crime. [ 1]: 725 Complicity also differs from attempt, solicitation, and conspiracy in that it always depends on that crime having been completed, i.e., it is never inchoate. [ 1]: 725 Complicity does not require causation of the crime, merely participation in the commission of the crime. [ 3] In cases where one is complicit because of a failure to act when one has a duty to act to prevent a crime, complicity differs from omission in that liability for complicity arises from the relationship to other perpetrators, whereas liability for omission arises from a duty relationship to the victim. ["
},
{
"docid": "D32896#0",
"title": "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Manslaughter\nmanslaughter",
"text": "\"manslaughter Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia . Manslaughter The unjustifiable, inexcusable, and intentional killing of a human being without deliberation,premeditation, and malice. The unlawful killing of a human being without any deliberation, whichmay be involuntary, in the commission of a lawful act without due caution and circumspection. Manslaughter is a distinct crime and is not considered a lesser degree of murder. The essentialdistinction between the two offenses is that malice aforethought must be present for murder,whereas it must be absent for manslaughter. Manslaughter is not as serious a crime as murder. On the other hand, it is not a justifiable or excusable killing for which little or no punishment is imposed. At Common Law, as well as under current statutes, the offense can be either voluntary or Involuntary Manslaughter. The main difference between the two is that voluntary manslaughterrequires an intent to kill or cause serious bodily harm while involuntary manslaughter does not. Premeditation or deliberation, however, are elements of murder and not of manslaughter."
}
] |
8680 | _____ is a manner of speech or writing that uses irony, mockery, or wit to ridicule something. | [
{
"docid": "D2360674#0",
"title": "http://www.weegy.com/?ConversationId=7F363E05\n.",
"text": "Question and answer Q: _____ is a manner of speech or writing that uses irony, mockery, or wit to ridicule something. Pantomime Satire Heroic drama Elizabethan drama Autobiography A: Satire is a manner of speech or writing that uses irony, mockery, or wit to ridicule something. Get an answer Search for an answer or ask Weegy (Free)_____ is a manner of speech or writing that uses irony, mockery, or wit to ridicule something. Pantomime Satire Heroic drama Elizabethan drama Autobiography"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1587878#0",
"title": "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/jest\njest",
"text": "\"jest Also found in: Thesaurus, Legal, Acronyms, Idioms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia .jest (jĕst)n.1. A playful or frivolous mood or manner: spoken in jest.2. A playful remark; a witticism or joke.3. A playful or amusing act; a prank.4. An object of ridicule; a laughingstock: \"\"There are people ... so cruel as to make a jest of me\"\" (Charles Dickens).intr.v. jest·ed, jest·ing, jests1. To make witty or amusing remarks.2. To act in a playful or facetious manner. [ Middle English geste, tale, from Old French, from Latin gesta, deeds, from neuter pl. pastparticiple of gerere, to perform . ]"
},
{
"docid": "D185558#0",
"title": "http://ai.stanford.edu/~csewell/culture/litterms.htm\nLiterary Terms",
"text": "\"Literary Terms Major Literary Termsallegory - device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction inaddition to the literal meaningalliteration - the repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words (eg \"\"she sells sea shells\"\")allusion - a direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as anevent, book, myth, place, or work of artambiguity - the multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, orpassageanalogy - a similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between themantecedent - the word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronounaphorism - a terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general turht or moral principleapostrophe - a figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personifiedabstraction, such as liberty or loveatmosphere - the emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the settingand partly by the author's choice of objects that are describedclause - a grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verbcolloquial - the use of slang or informalities in speech or writingconceit - a fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy betweenseemingly dissimilar objectsconnotation - the nonliteral, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaningdenotation - the strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or colordiction - refereing to style, diction refers to the writer's word choices, especially with regard to theircorrectness, clearness, or effectivenessdidactic - from the Greek, literally means \"\"teaching\"\"euphemism - from the Greek for \"\"good speech,\"\" a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for agenerally unpleasant word or conceptextended metaphor - a metaphor developed at great length, ocurring frequently in or throughout a workfigurative language - writing or speech that is not intended to carry litera meaning and is usually meant tobe imaginative and vividfigure of speech - a device used to produce figurative languagegeneric convntions - refers to traditions for each genregenre - the major category into which a literary work fits (eg prose, poetry, and drama)homily - literally \"\"sermon\"\", or any serious talk, speech, or lecture providing moral or spiritual advicehyperbole - a figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatementimagery - the sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or representabstractionsinfer (inference) - to draw a reasonable conclusion from the informaion presentedinvective - an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive languageirony - the contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meantverbal irony - words literally state the opposite of speaker's true meaningsituational irony - events turn out the opposite of what was expecteddramatic irony - facts or events are unknown to a character but known to the reader or audience orother characters in workloose sentence - a type of sentence in which the main idea comes first, followed by dependent grammaticalunitsmetaphor - a figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution ofone for the other, suggesting some similaritymetonomy - from the Greek \"\"changed label\"\", the name of one object is substituted for that of anotherclosely associated with it (eg \"\"the White House\"\" for the President)mood - grammatically, the verbal units and a speaker's attitude (indicative, subjunctive, imperative);literarily, the prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a wordnarrative - the telling of a story or an account of an event or sereis of eventsonomatopoeia - natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words (eg buzz, hiss)oxymoron - from the Greek for \"\"pointedly foolish,\"\" author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggesta paradoxparadox - a statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closerinspection contains some degree of truth or validityparallelism - from the Greek for \"\"beside one another,\"\" the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words,phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarityparody - a work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the speific aim of comic effectand/or ridiculepedantic - an adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, orbookishperiodic sentences - a sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the endpersonification - a figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animasl, orinanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotionspoint of view - the perspective from which a story is told (first person, third person omniscient, or thirdperson limited omniscient)predicate adjective - one type of subject complement, an adjective, group of adjectives, or adjective cluasethat follows a linking verbpredicate nominative - another type of subject complement, a noun, group of nouns, or noun clause thatrenames the subjectprose - genre including fiction, nonfiction, written in ordinary languagerepetition - the duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of languagerhetoric - from the Greek for \"\"orator,\"\" the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently,and persuasivelyrhetorical modes - the variety, conventions, and purposes of the major kinds of writing (exposition explainsand analyzes information; argumentation proves validity of an idea; description re-creates, invents,or presents a person, place, event or action; narration tells a story or recount an event)sarcasm - from the Greek for \"\"to tear flesh,\"\" involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt orridicule someone or somethingsatire - a work that targets human vices and follies or social institutinos and conventions for reform orridiculesemantics - the branch of linguistics which studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychologicaldevelopment (etymology), their connotations, and their relation to one anotherstyle - an evaluation of the sum of the choices an author maks in blending diction, syntx, figurativelanguage, and other literary devices; or, classification of authors to a group and comparion of anauthor to similar authorssubject complement - the word or clause that follows a linking verb and complements, or completes, thesubject of the sentence by either renaming it or describing itsubordinate clause - contains a subject and verb (like all clauses) but cannot stand alone; does not expresscomplete thoughtsyllogism - from the Greek for \"\"reckoning together,\"\" a deductive system of fromal logic that presents twopremises (first \"\"major,\"\" second \"\"minor\"\") that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion (eg All men aremortal, Socrates is a man, Socrates is mortal)symbol (symbolism) - anything that represents or stands for something else (natural, conventional, literary)syntax - the way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentencestheme - the central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into lifethesis - in expository writing, the thesis statement is the sentence or group of sentences that directly expressthe author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or propositiontone - similar to mood, describes the author's attitude toward his material, the audience, or bothtransition - a word or phrase that links different ideasunderstatement - the ironic minimalizing of fact, presents something as less significant than it iswit - intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights Poetic Feet U - unaccented syllable, A - accented syllableamphimacer - AUAanapest - UUAantibacchus - AAUbacchius - UAAchouambus - AUUAdactyl - AUUiambus - UApyrrhic - UUspondee - UUtrochee - AUbreve - symbol for unstressed syllablemacron - a \"\"-\"\" symbol to divide syllables Minor Literary Termsabecedarius - acrostic in ABC... orderacatalectic - metrically completeaccismus - pretended refusalacmeism - Russian precise realadonic - dactyl and a spondeeadversarius - addressed in satireaetat - at his ageaffective fallacy - judge resultsagon - debateagroikos - Frye's term for the fourth stock character, is easily deceivedalazon - braggartalba - lament daybreakalexandrine - 6 iambsalloeostropha - Milton's term for an irregular stanzaambages - misleading truthambo - bothamoebean - pastoral alternateamphibology - 2 meaningsamphigory - sounds good, no meaningamphisbaenic rhyme - switch order (eg step - pets)ana - scraps of informationanacoluthon - don't end sentence as it startedanacoenesis - questionanacreontic poetry - Bacchanaliananacrusis - extra unaccented syllable at startanadiplosis - last word of one line is first word of next lineanagnorsis - peripetyanalepsis - Grave's term for the vivid unconsciousanalogism vs. anomalism - language orgin debateanaphone - anagram of soundsanaphora - expression repeated at start of linesanastomosis - interconnectionanathema - denounce Angry Young Men - in Britain 1950s and 1960sanisobaric - rhyme but with different accentsanthropomorphism - humanlike objectsantimeria - change part of speechantimetabole - repeat words in opposite orderantiphon - sung verseantiphrasis - opposite meaningantiquarianism - study past relicsstrophe - (ancient Greek chorus) moves left, then antistophe, epodeantonomasia - proper name for an ideaaparithmesis - list numbersaphaeresis - omit first syllableaphorism - wise saying with known authorapocopated rhyme - add unstressed syllable to a rhymeapocope - omit soundsapodictic - argue with proofapo koinon - in commonapolelymenon - Milton's term for monostrophicapologue - moral fableapophasis - make an assertion while disproving it at the same timeapophrades - unlucky daysaporia - pretended indec"
},
{
"docid": "D2680082#0",
"title": "http://www.bbcamerica.com/anglophenia/2014/03/personality-quiz-sarcastic/\nPersonality Quiz: How Sarcastic Are You?",
"text": "By Fraser Mc Alpine | 4 years ago For years, Brits have stereotypically defined their sense of humor against that of people in the U. S. by smugly stating that Americans don’t ‘get’ irony. This is bull. If saying what you do not mean for comic effect—whether for the purposes of sarcasm, mockery, ridicule, scorn, sneering or scoffing—was incomprehensible in America, how do you explain Chandler Bing in Friends? Or the wise-cracking movie comedies of Billy Wilder? Or gangsters in movies sitting around in their finery, breaking each other’s balls? Or, y’know, comedy? Make no mistake, while the Brits possibly see sarcasm as more of an honorable pastime than Americans do, it’s by no means absent from American life. And if sarcasm truly is the lowest form of wit, it’s still pretty good compared to no wit at all. So, here’s a quiz to put this assumption to the test. It’s a really, really good quiz."
},
{
"docid": "D534667#0",
"title": "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/farce\nfarce",
"text": "\"farce Also found in: Thesaurus, Legal, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. Related to farce: farce comedyfarce (färs)n.1.a. A light dramatic work in which highly improbable plot situations, exaggeratedcharacters, and often slapstick elements are used for humorous effect.b. The branch of literature constituting such works.c. The broad or spirited humor characteristic of such works.2. A ludicrous, empty show; a mockery: The fixed election was a farce.3. A seasoned stuffing, as for roasted turkey.tr.v. farced, farc·ing, farc·es1. To pad (a speech, for example) with jokes or witticisms.2. To stuff, as for roasting. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2107644#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/390627/ap-literature-terms-flash-cards/\nAP Literature Terms",
"text": "\"144 terms Nyssa PAP Literature Terms The Glossary of Literary Terms for the AP English Literature and Composition Test Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Abstract Complex, discusses intangible qualities like good and evil, seldom uses examples to support its points. Academic Dry and rhetorical writing; sucking all the life out of its subject with analysis. Accent In poetry, the stressed portion of a word. Aesthetic Appealing to the senses; a coherent sense of taste. Allegory A story in which each aspect of the story has a symbolic meaning outside the tale itself. Alliteration The repetition of initial consonant sounds. Allusion A reference to another work or famous figure. Anachronism \"\"Misplaced in time.\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D902189#0",
"title": "http://www.123helpme.com/view.asp?id=89888\nTHE ELEMENT OF SATIRE WITH RESPECT TO CHAUCER?S ?CANTERBURY TALES?",
"text": "\"THE ELEMENT OF SATIRE WITH RESPECT TO CHAUCER? S ? CANTERBURY TALES? :: 2 Works Cited Length: 1275 words (3.6 double-spaced pages)Rating: Excellent Open Document- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Text Preview More ↓Continue reading... Open Document THESIS: THE ELEMENT OF SATIRE WITH RESPECT TO CHAUCER’S “CANTERBURY TALES” It is human nature to laugh when an event goes wrong or to make a mockery of an all too serious person. But what if authors had the power to use this instinct within humans to drive a point across? In fact they do and they call this literary tool…satire. Many authors have used this tool as a backbone in their writings; others have only managed to throw in elements of satire here and there. However, there was one author who had mastered this literary tool, and who could use it to the extremes. He had the ability to use it as playfully and lightheartedly as if to just tease. But, in an instant, he could use it to denigrate a person and ruin all that was left of their self-dignity."
},
{
"docid": "D1898268#0",
"title": "http://www4.ncsu.edu/~dsbeckma/222Glossary.html\n.",
"text": "\"Glossary of Literary Terms; cumulative over the semester Literature of the Absurd Has its roots in Expressionism and Surrealism as well as the fiction of Joyce and Kafka; emerged after World War II as a rebellion against the essential beliefs and values of traditional culture and literature and the assumption that man is a rational creature who lives in a partially intelligible universe, that he is part of an orderly social structure, and that he is capable of heroism and dignity, even in defeat. Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus: “In a universe that is suddenly deprived of illusions and light, man feels a stranger. His is an irremediable exile…This divorce between man and his life, the actor and his setting, truly constitutes the feeling of Absurdity.” Ionesco in an essay on Kakfa: “Cut off from his religious, metaphysical and transcendental roots, man is lost; all his actions become senseless, absurd, useless.” Abrams, A Glossary of Literary Terms. Aestheticism 19th century aestheticism holds that art should be independent of social, political, or moral teaching. Hence the doctrine of l'art pour l'art (see Art for Art's Sake below), a concept derived from the philosopher Immanuel Kant as well as Edgar Allan Poe's argument that the supreme poem is one written for its own sake. Aestheticism was headquartered in France with Baudelaire and Walter Pater in England.• \"\"There is no such thing as a moral or immoral book. Books are well-written, or badly written, that is all. \"\"• \"\" It is through Art, and through Art only, that we can shield ourselves from the sordid perils of actual existence. \"\"• \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D1996704#0",
"title": "https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/satire\nDefinition of 'satire'",
"text": "Definition of 'satire'Learner: satire English: satire American: satire Example sentences Trends Translationssatire ( s æ taɪəʳ)Word forms: plural satires1. uncountable noun Satire is the use of humour or exaggeration in order to show how foolish or wicked some people's behaviour or ideas are. The commercial side of the Christmas season is an easy target for satire.2. countable noun A satire is a play, film, or novel in which humour or exaggeration is used to criticize something....a sharp satire on the American political process. [ + on]Synonyms: parody, mockery, caricature, send-up [ British, informal] More Synonyms of satire More Synonyms of satire COBUILD Advanced English Dictionary. Copyright © Harper Collins Publisherssatirein British ( ˈsætaɪə)noun1. a novel, play, entertainment, etc, in which topical issues, folly, or evil are held up to scorn by means of ridicule and irony2. the genre constituted by such works3. the use of ridicule, irony, etc, to create such an effect Collins English Dictionary. Copyright © Harper Collins Publishers Word origin of 'satire' C16: from Latin satira a mixture, from satur sated, from satis enoughsatirein American ( ˈsæˌtaɪr; saˈtīrˌ)noun1."
},
{
"docid": "D2609824#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/2738836/9th-grade-literary-terms-flash-cards/\n9th Grade Literary Terms",
"text": "\"94 terms clubguppy9th Grade Literary Terms6/28/13 -- Updated the list so it has no duplicates!Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Allusion a reference to a statement, person, place, event, or thing well known from literature, history, religion, pop culture, etc. Catharsis an emotional release which brings about renewal of the self or welcome relief from anxiety, tension, etc. Character a person in a story. Antagonist an obstacle to the protagonist or character who is involved in the most important conflict with the protagonist. Protagonist the main character, the one who \"\"drives the action. \"\" Round a realistic character that has many different character traits; fully developed; three-dimensional. Flat a character that, having only one or two traits, is easily described and one-dimensional (like a cardboard figure). Static a character who remains the same or changes very little from beginning to end."
},
{
"docid": "D1124082#0",
"title": "https://www.litcharts.com/literary-devices-and-terms/satire\nSatire Definition",
"text": "\"Satire Definition What is satire? Here’s a quick and simple definition: Satire is the use of humor, irony, sarcasm, or ridicule to criticize something or someone. Public figures, such as politicians, are often the subject of satire, but satirists can take aim at other targets as well—from societal conventions to government policies. Satire is an entertaining form of social commentary, and it occurs in many forms: there are satirical novels, poems, and essays, as well as satirical films, shows, and cartoons. Alec Baldwin's impersonation of Donald Trump on Saturday Night Live is an example of satire. Some additional key details about satire: Satire is a bit unusual as a literary term because it can be used to describe both a literary device and the specific genre of literature that makes use of the device. Just like a comedy is comedic because it uses comedy, a satire is satirical because it uses satire. For most of this entry, the word \"\"satire\"\" will be used refer to the device, not the genre. Satire often coincides with the use of other literary devices, such as irony, malapropism, overstatement, understatement, juxtaposition, or parody. Though most satires seek to draw laughter, there are many unfunny or even dark examples of satire, such as George Orwell's Animal Farm or Bret Easton Ellis's American Psycho, which criticize communist societies and capitalist societies, respectively."
},
{
"docid": "D2166163#0",
"title": "https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/jul/20/nicolas-cage-frozen-ground\nNicolas Cage: 'People think I'm not in on the joke'",
"text": "\"Nicolas Cage Interview Nicolas Cage: 'People think I'm not in on the joke'By Emma Brockes The castles. The cars. The out-there acting. The 108-day marriage to Lisa Marie Presley. Nicolas Cage has a reputation for excess – but we've got him all wrong, he says@emmabrockes Sat 20 Jul 2013 04.00 EDT04.00 EDT1,424 323'For a while there,' Cage says of his reputation, 'it was the three Cs: castles, comic books and cars.' Photograph: Nigel Parry/CPi Syndication T o start with, the thing most often said of Nicolas Cage: he is weird-looking, with constituent parts that don't promise to add up to a movie star. His hair, like cultivated grassland, is lush at the top and sparse at the root. There is something puppety about his face. And, of course, there are his eyes, which, like the Woody Allen joke – \"\"You have the most eyes I've ever seen on any person\"\" – qualify him to play both romantic leads and psychopaths. At 49, Cage overturns every industry standard, and there's no denying it: the result is transfixing. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D1025901#0",
"title": "http://humorexperimental.weebly.com/types-of-comedy.html\nTypes of Comedy",
"text": "Types of Comedy Anecdotes: Anecdotes are nothing but narration of interesting humorous events, which can be used to make the audience laugh. This is a very popular type of comedy. Banter: Banter is a form of comedy that includes sitcoms, exchange of witty remarks, and participation in harmless teasing. Blendword: Blendword comedy is nothing but the creation of funny words by blending two or three words. Blue Humor/Off-Color Humor: There is a thin line between blue-humor and vulgarity. Blue humor is based on subjects like body parts or sex. Blunder: This is a genre of humor, which involves a character or a comedian making foolish mistakes, which seem humorous to others. There is one person who personifies this genre in humor and although I am not a great fan, he is quite popular for his blunder-comedy - Rowan Atkinson as Mr. Bean. Burlesque: This is a form of satire, since Burlesque comedy involves ridiculing any basic style of speech or even writing. Burlesque is theatrical entertainment of broad and parodic humor, which usually involves comic skits."
},
{
"docid": "D3314949#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/5795708/literary-terms-you-must-know-for-ap-flash-cards/\nLiterary Terms You MUST Know for AP",
"text": "\"129 terms danaegleason Literary Terms You MUST Know for AP129 literary terms that you will probably need for English III AP and the English Literature and Composition AP test. Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Absolute A word free from limitations or qualifications; all or nothing words \"\"best, all, unique, perfect\"\"Adage A familiar proverb or wise saying \"\"Look before you leap! \"\" Ad Honimen Argument An argument attacking an individual's character rather than his or her position on an issue \"\"You may argue that God doesn't exist, but you're a fat idiot\"\"Allegory A literary work in which characters or objects of action represent abstractions \"\"The blindfolded figure with scales is a symbolic allegory of justice\"\"Alliteration The repetition of initial sounds in successive neighboring words \"\"On the scrolls of silver snowy sentences:\"\"Allusion A reference to something literary, mythological, or historical that the author assumes the reader will recognize. Analogy A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way \"\"A computer is like the brain\"\"Anaphora The repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of consecutive lines or sentences. \"\" We shall fight... We shall fight... We shall fight...\"\"Anachronism Something or someone that is not in its correct historical or chronological time especially a thing that belongs to an earlier time. \"\" The sword to modern warfare. \"\" Anecdote A brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event. \"\" I performed the high kick routine after getting 12 stitches in my knee. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D1996707#0",
"title": "https://literaryterms.net/satire/\nSatire",
"text": "Satire Definition & Examples When & How to Write Satire Quiz I. What is Satire? The formal definition of satire is “the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people’s stupidity or vices.” It’s an extremely broad category. The “or” in the definition is key – most satires are humorous, ironic, and exaggerated, but they only have to be one of these things to count as satire. There are two important things to remember about satire: It makes fun of a person, idea, or institution Its purpose is not just to entertain, but also to inform or make people think. II. Examples of Satire Example 1The famous comic strip Calvin & Hobbes was renowned for its satire. The comic takes on everything from politics and science to parenting. Calvin himself satirizes selfish, lazy, media-saturated Americans, while his father satirizes the opposite extreme. Example 2Most political cartoons are satirical – they use humor, irony, or exaggeration to make a point about politics."
},
{
"docid": "D2841003#0",
"title": "http://literarydevices.net/brevity-is-the-soul-of-wit/\nBrevity is the Soul of Wit",
"text": "Brevity is the Soul of Wit Origin of Brevity is the Soul of Wit It is one of the countless phrases coined by William Shakespeare. It appears in his play, Hamlet, in the second act, where Polonius says, “Since brevity is the soul of wit / And tediousness the limbs and outward flourishes, I will be brief…” However, doubt about the creation of this phrase lurks among literary circles. Some critics argue that, by using this proverb in his play, Shakespeare made it popular, though the phrase was already in use. On the other hand, some doubt the veracity of this argument. Meaning of Brevity is the Soul of Wit This phrase has multiplicity of meanings. In one sense, it means that a good piece of writing, or a good speech, should be brief and concise. However, in another sense, it implies that funny speech should be short; otherwise, it tends to lose its flavor. On the other hand, if explored on a word-by-word level, its meanings are quite interesting. The use of the word “wit” also is debatable, which here refers to knowledge, wisdom, intelligence and humor, as it was used for wisdom and intelligence during the Shakespearean era. Hence, this phrase has won proverbial approval, which means that knowledge and intelligence need be expressed in as few words as possible."
},
{
"docid": "D3159487#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/5468615/ap-english-language-and-composition-rhetoric-terms-flash-cards/\nAP English Language and Composition Rhetoric Terms",
"text": "\"97 terms kberglund AP English Language and Composition Rhetoric Terms Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Abstract Considered apart from concrete existence. Allegory A story illustrating an idea or a moral principle in which objects take on symbolic meanings. Allusion A reference in one literary work to the words, characters, themes, etc. found in another literary work. Alliteration Repetition of the same sound beginning several words in sequence. Antithesis (a) Opposition, or contrast of ideas or words in a balanced or parallel construction. Example, They promised freedom and delivered slavery. ( b) the direct opposite."
},
{
"docid": "D2293729#0",
"title": "https://www.netessays.net/viewpaper/129926.html\nSearch over 10,000 FREE Essays!",
"text": "\"The Importance of Being Earnest is an excellent example of a Comedy of Manners as it mocks the behaviours of Victorian aristocracy, it explores the social conduct of upper-middle class society. The plot revolves around lust between characters, the play features verbal wit and Algernon acts as an unscrupulous character - these are all main features of a Comedy of Manners. One traditional convention Wilde uses in the first Act of The Importance of Being Earnest is by exploring the social conduct of the Victorian upper-middle class society. He does this with Lady Bracknell's character as she behaves as though she behaves as a male role in choosing who Gwendolyn should marry; \"\"Pardon me, you are not engaged to any one. When you do become engaged to some one, I, or your father, should his health permit him, will inform you of the fact. An engagement ¦ And now I have a few questions to put to you Mr Worthing. While I am making these inquiries, you, Gwendolyn, will wait for me below in the carriage. This implies that Lady Bracknell will choose who Gwendolyn marries as it was seen as women were too feeble and foolish to chose their husbands for themselves. Lady Bracknell will not let Gwendolyn marry without her approval, she asks Jack a series of questions which gives Jack the opportunity to gain Lady Bracknell's approval of him. \"\" ¦ Should his health permit him ¦ Suggests that males are the weaker gender."
},
{
"docid": "D1032173#0",
"title": "http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4h2927t.html\n.",
"text": "\"Fellow Citizens, I am not wanting in respect for the fathers of this republic. The signers of the Declaration of Independence were brave men. They were great men, too Ñ great enough to give frame to a great age. It does not often happen to a nation to raise, at one time, such a number of truly great men. The point from which I am compelled to view them is not, certainly, the most favorable; and yet I cannot contemplate their great deeds with less than admiration. They were statesmen, patriots and heroes, and for the good they did, and the principles they contended for, I will unite with you to honor their memory.... ... Fellow-citizens, pardon me, allow me to ask, why am I called upon to speak here to-day? What have I, or those I represent, to do with your national independence? Are the great principles of political freedom and of natural justice, embodied in that Declaration of Independence, extended to us? and am I, therefore, called upon to bring our humble offering to the national altar, and to confess the benefits and express devout gratitude for the blessings resulting from your independence to us? Would to God, both for your sakes and ours, that an affirmative answer could be truthfully returned to these questions!"
},
{
"docid": "D89165#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/2257937/literary-terms-advanced-flash-cards/\nLiterary Terms - Advanced",
"text": "\"153 terms isyed_ahs Literary Terms - Advanced Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Alliteration: the repetition of initial sounds in successive or neighboring words Allusion: a reference to something literary, mythological, or historical that the author assumes the reader will recognize Anecdote: a brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event Antagonist: the character that the main character (protagonist) struggles against. Antithesis: a statement in which two opposing ideas are balanced Antonym: words with opposite meanings Archetype: a detail, image, or character type that occurs frequently in literature and myth and is thought to appeal in a universal way to the unconscious and to evoke a response Argument: a statement of the meaning or main point of a literary work Aside: a short speech, delivered to the audience or to another character, that others onstage are not supposed to hear. Audience: the intended reader of a piece Climax: the point of highest interest in a literary work Complex sentence: a sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause Compound sentence: a sentence with two or more coordinate independent clauses, often joined by one or more conjunctions Conflict - external: a struggle between two forces. An external conflict can take place between two characters; between a character and a group; between a character and society as a whole; or between a character and an animal or a force of nature. Conflict - internal: An internal conflict is a struggle that takes place within a character's mind or heart. In an internal conflict, a character might struggle with paralyzing fear or a need for revenge. Concrete details: details that relate to or describe actual, specific things or events Connotation: the implied or associative meaning of a word Convey: how the author gets the point across Declarative sentence: a sentence that makes a statement or declaration Denotation: the literal meaning of a word Dialogue: conversation between two or more people Diction: the word choices made by a writer Ellipsis: the omission of a word or phrase which is grammatically necessary but can be deduced for the context (\"\"Some people prefer cats; others, dogs. \"\") Epic: a long narrative poem written in elevated style which present the adventures of characters of high position and episodes that are important to the history of a race or nation Exclamatory sentence: a sentence expressing strong feeling, usually punctuated with an exclamation mark Fable: a brief story that leads to a moral, often using animals as characters Fantasy: a story that concerns an unreal world or contains unreal characters; a fantasy may be merely whimsical, or it may present a serious point Fiction: a story that is not true or is made up Flashback: the insertion of an earlier event into the normal chronological order of a narrative Flat character: a character who embodies a single quality and who does not develop in the course of a story Foil: A character who is in most ways opposite to the main character (protagonist) or one who is nearly the same as the protagonist."
},
{
"docid": "D491814#0",
"title": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/humor\nhumor",
"text": "\"1humornoun hu·mor \\ ˈhyü-mər, ˈyü- \\Popularity: Top 30% of words | Updated on: 6 Apr 2018Trending Now:oligarch glib depose omnibus acrimony ALLTip: Synonym Guide Examples: humor in a Sentence Editor's Note: Did You Know? Time Traveler! Explore the year a word first appeared Definition of humor1 a: a normal functioning bodily semifluid or fluid (such as the blood or lymph)b physiology: a secretion (such as a hormone) that is an excitant of activity2 a in medieval physiology: a fluid or juice of an animal or plant; specifically: one of the four fluids entering into the constitution of the body and determining by their relative proportions a person's health and temperamentb: characteristic or habitual disposition or bent: temperamentof cheerful humorc: an often temporary state of mind imposed especially by circumstanceswas in no humor to listend: a sudden, unpredictable, or unreasoning inclination: whim… conceived the humor of impeaching casual passers-by … and wreaking vengeance on them. — Charles Dickensthe uncertain humors of nature3 a: that quality which appeals to a sense of the ludicrous or absurdly incongruous: a funny or amusing quality Try to appreciate the humor of the situation.b: the mental faculty of discovering, expressing, or appreciating the ludicrous or absurdly incongruous: the ability to be funny or to be amused by things that are funnya guy with a great sense of humorc: something that is or is designed to be comical or amusing The book is a collection of American humor.not a fan of the comedian's brand of humor— out of humor: out of sorts See humor defined for English-language learners See humor defined for kids Examples of humor in a Sentence He didn't appreciate the humor of the situation. Someday, you'll see the humor in this. Everyone likes the gentle humor of his stories of family life. She doesn't care for ethnic humor. The book is a collection of American humor. His humor is one of his most attractive qualities. Recent Examples of humor from the Web First performed in Milan in 1832, the opera is lauded for its humor and character development, and as an excellent representation of the bel canto tradition.—"
}
] |
8690 | _____ is an oral or written statement, promise, or other representation about the quality of a product. | [
{
"docid": "D695051#0",
"title": "http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/free-books/small-claims-book/chapter2-7.html\nBreach of Warranty Cases in Small Claims Court",
"text": "\"In simplest terms, a warranty is a promise by the manufacturer or seller of a product that the product is of a certain quality or that they will repair the product for a stated period of time. The manufacturer or seller is legally obligated to live up to its promise if the product turns out to have a defect that's covered by the warranty. Warranty law is extremely confusing, even to lawyers. A principal reason for this is that three separate warranty laws can apply to the retail sale of consumer goods. The unhappy result is that, short of presenting a major legal treatise, it's impossible to thoroughly explain warranty law. Instead, this article will review the basic rules. Types of Warranties There are a number of different types of warranties that might apply to your defective product. Express Written Warranty If a new or used consumer product comes with an express written warranty, you have the right to rely on what it says. The express warranty may be the seller's written description of the product that you relied on when deciding to purchase it (for example, a promise that a car is defect free). Or, the express warranty may be the manufacturer's or retailer's written promise to maintain the performance of the product (for example, a promise to repair or replace defective parts for a stated period)."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D957898#0",
"title": "http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/consumerprotectionact/consumerprotectionact.html\nThe Consumer Protection Act, 1986",
"text": "The Consumer Protection Act, 1986Page Contents [ hide]PREAMBLECHAPTER I: PRELIMINARY1. Short title, extent, commencement and applications2. Definitions3. Act not in derogation of any other law CHAPTER II: CONSUMER PROTECTION COUNCILS4. The Central Consumer Protection Council5. Procedure for meetings of the Central Council6. Objects of the Central Council7. The State Consumer Protection Councils8. Objects of the State Council CHAPTER III: CONSUMER DISPUTES REDRESSAL AGENCIES9. Establishment of Consumer Disputes Redressal Agencies10."
},
{
"docid": "D157651#0",
"title": "http://hydra.humanities.uci.edu/derrida/sec.html\nSignature, Event, Context",
"text": "\"Is it certain that there corresponds to the word communication a unique, univocalconcept, a concept that can be rigorously grasped and transmitted: a communicable concept? Following a strange figure of discourse, one first must ask whether the word or signifier \"\"communication\"\" communicates a determined content, an identifiable meaning, a describable value. But in order to articulate and to propose this question, I already had to anticipate the meaning of the word communication: I have had to predetermine communication as the vehicle, transport, or site of passage of a meaning, and of a meaning that is one. If communication had several meanings, and if this plurality could not be reduced, then from the outset it would not be justified to define communication itself as the transmission of a meaning, assuming that we are capable of understanding one another as concerns each of these words (transmission, meaning, etc.). Now, the word communication, which nothing initially authorizes us to overlook as a word, and to impoverish as a polysemic word, opens a semantic field which precisely is not limited to semantics, semiotics, and even less to linguistics. To the semantic field of the word communication belongs the fact that it also des- ignates nonsemantic movements. Here at least provisional recourse to ordinary language and to the equivocalities of natural language teaches us that one may, for example, communicate a movement or that a tremor, a shock, a displacement of force can be communicated that is, propagated, transmitted. It is also said that different or distant places can communicate between each other by means of a given passageway or opening. What happens in this case, what is transmitted or communicated are not phenomena of meaning or signification. In these cases we are dealing neither with a semantic or conceptual content, nor with a semiotic operation, and even less with a linguistic exchange."
},
{
"docid": "D274740#0",
"title": "http://www.smart-publications.com/articles/the-business-of-chelation-and-why-EDTA-oral-chelation-is-best/\nThe Business of Chelation and Why EDTA Oral Chelation is Best!",
"text": "The Business of Chelation and Why EDTA Oral Chelation is Best!Exposing the monetary motives, false prophets, and doomsday naysayers who are trying to destroy the legitimate chelation industry Let me say this up front … this is not an article about chelation itself. Instead, the purpose here is to write an article about the business of chelation. Rest assured, chelation is big business, one the pharmaceutical companies and the heart surgeons wish didn’t exist, and one that has brought out more profiteers and charlatans than I care to count. My intent here is to explore and expose the dangerous chelation products I’ve seen advertised in print and on the internet, as well as debunk the false claims that I believe are destroying what once promised to be a true revolution in health care and healthy aging. I also intend to explain the basic science-based facts about chelation therapy, and provide you with the information you need to sort through the hype and make informed purchasing choices. What’s on the chelation market and who is selling It? There are all manners and types of chelation products available. A quick Google search of the term “chelation” brings up nearly 2 million results in less than one second. Of course, you can refine your search by using the phrase “oral chelation” and that will get it down to less than 300,000 results. However, the major players in the chelation business pay big money to the search engines to make sure their websites come up “page 1” when someone searches on either of these search terms."
},
{
"docid": "D3072424#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/15312060/law-midterm-2-flash-cards/\nLaw-Midterm 2",
"text": "\"230 terms cmcrey Law-Midterm 2Law-Midterm 2Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sortthree levels of performance of a contract: complete substantial inferiorbreach of contract a contracting party's failure to perform an absolute duty owed under a contractcomplete performance situation in which a party to a contract renders performance exactly as required by the contract. Complete performance discharges the party's obligations under the contracttender of performance an unconditional and absolute offer by a contracting party to perform his or her obligations under a contract.substantial performance performance by a contracting party that deviates only slightly from complete performanceminor breach breach that occurs when a party renders substantial performance of his or her contractual dutiesmaterial breach breach that occurs when a party renders inferior performance of his or her contractual dutiesinferior performance situation in which a party fails to perform express or implied contractual obligations and impairs or destroys the essence of a contractexecuted contract contract that has been fully carried out2 ways to recover damages from a minor breach (substantial performance): -deduct the cost to repair the defect from the contract price and paying the rest -suing to recover the cost if already paid2 things you can do under inferior performance or material breach: -rescind contract -sue for damagesanticipatory breach a breach that occurs when one contracting party informs the other that he or she will not perform his or her contractual duties when due (anticipatory repudiation)monetary damages award of moneycompensatory damages award of money intended to compensate a nonbreaching party for the loss of the bargain. compensatory damages place the nonbreaching party in the same position as if the contract had been fully performed by restoring the \"\"benefit of the bargain\"\"mitigation a nonbreaching party's legal duty to avoid or reduce damages caused by a breach of contractconsequential damages foreseeable damages that arise from circumstances outside a contract. To be liable for these damages, the breaching party must know or have reason to know that the breach will cause special damages to the other party4 types of monetary damages: -compensatory damages -consequential damages -liquidated damages -nominal damagesliquidated damages damages the parties to a contract agree in advance should be paid if the contract is breached (penalty)nominal damages damages awarded when the nonbreaching party sues the breaching party even though no financial loss has resulted from the breach. Nominal damages are usually $1 or some other small amountwrit of attachment an order of the court that enables a gov't officer to seize property of the breaching party and sell it at auction to satisfy a judgmentwrit of garnishment order of the court that orders that wages, bank accounts, or other property of the breaching party held by third persons be paid to the non-breaching party to satisfy a judgmentrescission action to rescind a contract. rescission is available if there has been a material breach of contract, fraud, duress, undue influence or mistake; must make restitutionrestitution return of goods or property received from the other party to rescind a contract. if the actual goods or property are not available, a cash equivalent must be madespecific performance remedy that orders the breaching party to perform the acts promised in the contract specific performance is usually awarded in cases in which the subject matter is unique, such as in contract involving land, heirlooms and paintings3 types of equitable remedies: -specific performance -injunction -reformationreformation equitable doctrine the permits the court to rewrite a contract to express the parties' true intentionsinjunction court order that prohibits a person from doing a certain actintentional inference with contractual relations tort that arises when a third party induces a contracting party to breach the contract with another partycovenant of good faith and fair dealing implied covenant under which the parties to a contract not only are held to the express terms of the contract but are also required to act in \"\"good faith\"\" and deal fairly in all respect in obtaining the objective of the contract (tort of bad faith)Tort from contract can recover damages for personal injury, pain and suffering, emotional distress and possibly punitive damages3 elements that must be shown to prove intentional interference with contractual relations: -valid, enforceable contract between the contracting parties -third-party knowledge of this contract -third-party inducement to breach the contractprivity of contract state of 2 specified parties being in a contractassignment transfer of contractual rights by an obligee to another partyassignor obligee who transfers a rightassignee party to whom a right has been transferred2 exceptions where a third party can gain rights under another's contract: -assignees to whom rights are subsequently transferred -intended third-party beneficiaries to whom the contracting parties intended to give rights under the contract at the time of contractingpersonal service contract generally not assignable (can't transfer to another person)future right cannot assign a right you expect to have in the futurea legal right that arises out of a breach of contract _____ be assigned may *bank can sell rights to collect on a loanright to sue another party for violation of personal rights ____ be assigned cannot usually *recovery for personal injurycannot *can't transfer insurance to someone else if the assignment would materially alter the risk or duties of the obligator, a contract _____ be assignedwhen assignor makes an assignment of a right under a contract, the assignee is under a duty to notify the obligor that: -the assignment was made -performance must be rendered to the assigneeanit-assignment clause prohibits assignment of rights under contractapproval clause obligor has to approve assignments of contract American rule/New York rule first assignment in time prevailsenglish rule first assignee to give notice to the obligorpossession of tangible token rule under American or ENglish rule, if the assignor makes successive assignments of a contract right that is represented by a tangible token, such as a stock certificate or savings account passbook, the first assignee who recieves delivery of the tangible token prevails over subsequent assigneesdelegation of duties transfer of contractual duties by an obligor to another party for performancedelegator obligor who has transferred his or her dutydelegatee party to whom a duty has been transferred-personal service contracts calling for the exercise of personal skills, discretion or expertise -contracts whose performance would materially vary if the obligor's duties were delegated 2 instances when duties cannot be delegated:assumption of duties situation in which a delegation of duties contains the term assumption, I assume the duties, or other similar language. In such a case, the deligatee is legally liable to the obligee for nonperformanceanti-delegation clause clause that prohibits the delegation of duties under the contractintended third-party beneficiary third party who is not in privity of contract and can enforce the contract against the promisordonee beneficiary contract enetered into with the intent to confer a benefit or gift on an intended third partypromisee contracting party who directs that the benefit be conferred on anotherpromisor contracting party who agrees to confer performance for the benefit of the third persondonee beneficiary third person on whom the benefit is to be conferred2 types of intended beneficiaries: creditor beneficiary contract donee beneficiary contractcreditor beneficiary contract a contract that arises in the following situation: -debtor borrows money -debtor signs an agreement to pay back the money plus interest -debtor sells the item to a third party before the loan is paid off -third party promises the debtor that he or she will pay the remainder of the loan to the creditorcreditor beneficiary original creditor who becomes a beneficiary under the debtor's new contract with another partyif the promisor fails to perform according to the second contract, the creditor beneficiary can: -enforce the original contract against the original debtor promisor -enforce the new contract against the new debtor promisor (but can only collect once)incidental beneficiary party who is unintentionally benefited by other people's contracts; can't sue or enforcecovenant unconditional promise to performcondition qualification of a promise that becomes a covenant if it is met-conditions precedent -conditions subsequent -concurrent conditions 3 types of conditions:condition precedent condition that requires the occurrence of an event before a party is obligated to perform a duty under a contractpersonal satisfaction test subjective test that applies to contracts involving personal taste and comfortreasonable person test objective test that applies to commercial contracts and contracts involving mechanical fitnessconditional subsequent condition whose occurrence or nonoccurence of a specific even automatically excuses the preformance of an existing cntractual duty to performconcurrent condition condition that exists when the parties to a contract must render performance simultaneously; each party's absolute duty to perform is conditioned ont eh other party's absolute duty to performimplied-in-fact condition condition that can be implied from the circumstances surrounding a contract and the parties' conduct3 instances when you do not have to perform a contract: -mutual agreement -impossibility of performance -operation of law4 ways to discharge contract under mutual agreement: -mutual rescission: enter into a second agreement that terminates the first one"
},
{
"docid": "D3475604#0",
"title": "http://www.michigan.gov/documents/consumer_protection_act_54984_7.htm\n.",
"text": "\"AN ACT to prohibit certain methods, acts, and practices in trade or commerce; to prescribe certain powers and duties; to provide for certain remedies, damages, and penalties; to provide for the promulgation of rules; to provide for certain investigations; and to prescribe penalties. History: 1976, Act 331, Eff. Apr. 1, 1977. The People of the State of Michigan enact: MCL 445.901 Short title. Sec. 1. This act shall be known and may be cited as the \"\"Michigan consumer protection act\"\". History: 1976, Act 331, Eff. Apr. 1, 1977. MCL 445.902 Definitions."
},
{
"docid": "D92776#0",
"title": "http://www.edd.ca.gov/UIBDG/Preface_PR_15.htm\nPreface PR 15",
"text": "\"Preface PR 15Employment Contracts The law that governs relationships between employers and employees comes from many sources: contract law, labor law, wages and hours laws, tort law (e.g., wrongful discharge, discrimination, sexual harassment), criminal law, health and safety laws, and so forth, with overlap between kinds of law. This chapter provides an overview of contract law as it relates to employment contracts. A. Employment as a Contract The employment relationship establishes a contract, whether it is written or oral, express or implied. As summed up in Foley v. Interactive Data: We begin by acknowledging the fundamental principle of freedom of contract: employer and employee are free to agree to a contract terminable at will or subject to limitations. Their agreement will be enforced so long as it does not violate legal strictures external to the contract, such as laws affecting union membership and activity, prohibitions on indentured servitude, or the many other legal restrictions . . . which place certain restraints on the employment arrangement. A contract is defined as an enforceable agreement between two parties. An employment contract is an enforceable agreement between two parties that contains whatever terms and conditions of employment the parties agree upon and, when accepted, becomes controlling upon the employment relationship. The contract may be oral or written, express or implied (the latter terms are defined below). The following sections limit the discussion of employment contracts to those contracts between an employer and an employee contracts between an employer and an independent contractor or self-employed person, as described in A.1.,"
},
{
"docid": "D66641#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contractual_term\nContractual term",
"text": "\"Contractual term From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Not to be confused with term (time). Contract law Part of the common law series Contract formation Offer and acceptance Posting rule Mirror image rule Invitation to treat Firm offer Consideration Implication-in-fact Collateral contract Defenses against formation Lack of capacity Duress Undue influence Illusory promise Statute of frauds Non est factum Contract interpretation Parol evidence rule Contract of adhesion Integration clause Contra proferentem Excuses for non-performance Mistake Misrepresentation Frustration of purpose Impossibility Impracticability Illegality Unclean hands Unconscionability Accord and satisfaction Rights of third parties Privity of contract Assignment Delegation Novation Third-party beneficiary Breach of contract Anticipatory repudiation Cover Exclusion clause Efficient breach Deviation Fundamental breach Remedies Specific performance Liquidated damages Penal damages Rescission Quasi-contractual obligations Promissory estoppel Quantum meruit Related areas of law Conflict of laws Commercial law Other common law areas Tort law Property law Wills, trusts, and estates Criminal law Evidencev t e A contractual term is \"\"Any provision forming part of a contract\"\". [ 1] Each term gives rise to a contractual obligation, breach of which can give rise to litigation. Not all terms are stated expressly and some terms carry less legal gravity as they are peripheral to the objectives of the contract. Contents [ hide ]1 Classification of term1.1 Condition or Warranty1.2 Innominate term2 Enforceability2.1 Statements2.2 Determination of nature of a statement3 Implied terms3.1 Terms implied in fact3.2 Terms implied in law3.2.1 Common law3.2.2 Statutory3.3 Terms implied by custom or trade3.4 Course of dealing3.5 Good faith4 \"\"Subject to\"\" contracts4.1 Four Categories4.2 Contingent Condition5 References Classification of term [ edit]Condition or Warranty [ edit]Conditions are terms that go to the very root of a contract. Breach of a condition will entitle the innocent party to terminate the contract. [ 2] A warranty [3] is less imperative than a condition, so the contract will survive a breach. Breach of either a condition or a warranty will give rise to damages. It is an objective matter of fact whether a term goes to the root of a contract. By way of illustration, an actress's obligation to perform the opening night of a theatrical production is a condition, [4] whereas a singer's obligation to perform during the first three days of rehearsal is a warranty. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2355454#0",
"title": "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/assurance\nassurance",
"text": "\"assurance Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Financial, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. Related to assurance: Assurance servicesas·sur·ance (ə-sho͝or′əns)n.1. A statement or indication that inspires confidence; a guarantee or pledge: gave herassurance that the plan would succeed.2.a. Freedom from doubt; certainty about something: Do you have any assurance thatthe work will be done well?b. Self-confidence: \"\"I tried imitating the assurance they carried themselves with\"\" (Alec Wilkinson).3. Chiefly British Insurance, especially life insurance. American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.assurance ( əˈʃʊərəns) n1."
},
{
"docid": "D2123313#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unilateral_contract\nContract",
"text": "\"Contract From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Unilateral contract)navigation search A contract is a voluntary arrangement between two or more parties that is enforceable by law as a binding legal agreement. Contract law recognises and governs the rights and duties arising from agreements. [ 1]Within jurisdictions of the civil law tradition, contract law is a branch of the law of obligations. At common law, formation of a contract generally requires an offer, acceptance, consideration, and a mutual intent to be bound. Each party must have capacity to enter the contract. [ 2] Although most oral contracts are binding, [3] some types of contracts may require formalities, such as being in writing or by deed. Contents [ hide ]1 Formation1.1 Offer and acceptance1.1.1 Invitation to treat1.1.2 Electronic contracts1.2 Intention to be legally bound1.3 Consideration2 Capacity3 Formalities and writing requirements for some contracts4 Contract terms: construction and interpretation4.1 Uncertainty, incompleteness and severance4.2 Classification of terms4.3 Representations versus warranties4.4 Standard terms and contracts of adhesion4.5 Implied terms4.5.1 Terms implied in fact4.5.2 Terms implied in law4.5.3 Terms implied by custom5 Third parties6 Performance7 Defences7.1 Misrepresentation7.2 Mistake7.3 Duress and undue influence7.4 Unconscionable dealing7.5 Illegal contracts7.6 Remedies for defendant on defenses7.6.1 Setting aside the contract8 Disputes8.1 Procedure8.1.1 Arbitration8.1.1.1 United States8.1.2 Choice of law8.1.3 Choice of forum8.2 Remedies8.2.1 Damages8.2.2 Specific performance9 History10 Commercial use11 Contract theory12 Gallery13 See also13.1 By country14 Notes15 References16 External links Formation [ edit]At common law, the elements of a contract are offer, acceptance, intention to create legal relations, and consideration. Not all agreements are necessarily contractual, as the parties generally must be deemed to have an intention to be legally bound. A so-called gentlemen's agreement is one which is not intended to be legally enforceable, and which is \"\"binding in honour only\"\". [ 4]Offer and acceptance [ edit]Main articles: Offer and acceptance and Meeting of the minds In order for a contract to be formed, the parties must reach mutual assent (also called a meeting of the minds )."
},
{
"docid": "D1455489#0",
"title": "http://www.fisherhouse.com/bsu/comm231/premidtermb.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Comm231 Midterm Questions Chapters 9, 11, 10, 12, 13, 151. Cleo organizes the supporting material of her speech on space exploration developments in the space and missile industry according to American, French, Russian, and Chinese designs. Cleo is using which pattern of organization?a. chronological divisionb. topical divisionc. spatial divisiond. causal divisione. pro-con division2. When outlining your speech, using a number or letter to designate only one idea represents which outlining principle?a. singularityb."
},
{
"docid": "D289275#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contractual\nContract",
"text": "\"Contract From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Contractual)navigation search A contract is a voluntary arrangement between two or more parties that is enforceable by law as a binding legal agreement. Contract law recognises and governs the rights and duties arising from agreements. [ 1]Within jurisdictions of the civil law tradition, contract law is a branch of the law of obligations. At common law, formation of a contract generally requires an offer, acceptance, consideration, and a mutual intent to be bound. Each party must have capacity to enter the contract. [ 2] Although most oral contracts are binding, [3] some types of contracts may require formalities, such as being in writing or by deed. Contents [ hide ]1 Formation1.1 Offer and acceptance1.1.1 Invitation to treat1.1.2 Electronic contracts1.2 Intention to be legally bound1.3 Consideration2 Capacity3 Formalities and writing requirements for some contracts4 Contract terms: construction and interpretation4.1 Uncertainty, incompleteness and severance4.2 Classification of terms4.3 Representations versus warranties4.4 Standard terms and contracts of adhesion4.5 Implied terms4.5.1 Terms implied in fact4.5.2 Terms implied in law4.5.3 Terms implied by custom5 Third parties6 Performance7 Defences7.1 Misrepresentation7.2 Mistake7.3 Duress and undue influence7.4 Unconscionable dealing7.5 Illegal contracts7.6 Remedies for defendant on defenses7.6.1 Setting aside the contract8 Disputes8.1 Procedure8.1.1 Arbitration8.1.1.1 United States8.1.2 Choice of law8.1.3 Choice of forum8.2 Remedies8.2.1 Damages8.2.2 Specific performance9 History10 Commercial use11 Contract theory12 Gallery13 See also13.1 By country14 Notes15 References16 External links Formation [ edit]At common law, the elements of a contract are offer, acceptance, intention to create legal relations, and consideration. Not all agreements are necessarily contractual, as the parties generally must be deemed to have an intention to be legally bound. A so-called gentlemen's agreement is one which is not intended to be legally enforceable, and which is \"\"binding in honour only\"\". [ 4]Offer and acceptance [ edit]Main articles: Offer and acceptance and Meeting of the minds In order for a contract to be formed, the parties must reach mutual assent (also called a meeting of the minds )."
},
{
"docid": "D3508532#0",
"title": "https://www.acquisition.gov/far/html/Subpart%2015_2.html\nSubpart 15.2âSolicitation and Receipt of Proposals and Information",
"text": "Subpart 15.2—Solicitation and Receipt of Proposals and Information15.200 Scope of subpart. This subpart prescribes policies and procedures for— (a) Exchanging information with industry prior to receipt of proposals; (b) Preparing and issuing requests for proposals (RFPs) and requests for information (RFIs); and (c) Receiving proposals and information.15.201 Exchanges with industry before receipt of proposals. ( a) Exchanges of information among all interested parties, from the earliest identification of a requirement through receipt of proposals, are encouraged. Any exchange of information must be consistent with procurement integrity requirements (see 3.104 ). Interested parties include potential offerors, end users, Government acquisition and supporting personnel, and others involved in the conduct or outcome of the acquisition. ( b) The purpose of exchanging information is to improve the understanding of Government requirements and industry capabilities, thereby allowing potential offerors to judge whether or how they can satisfy the Government’s requirements, and enhancing the Government’s ability to obtain quality supplies and services, including construction, at reasonable prices, and increase efficiency in proposal preparation, proposal evaluation, negotiation, and contract award. ( c) Agencies are encouraged to promote early exchanges of information about future acquisitions. An early exchange of information among industry and the program manager, contracting officer, and other participants in the acquisition process can identify and resolve concerns regarding the acquisition strategy, including proposed contract type, terms and conditions, and acquisition planning schedules; the feasibility of the requirement, including performance requirements, statements of work, and data requirements; the suitability of the proposal instructions and evaluation criteria, including the approach for assessing past performance information; the availability of reference documents; and any other industry concerns or questions. Some techniques to promote early exchanges of information are— (1) Industry or small business conferences; (2) Public hearings; (3) Market research, as described in Part 10 ; (4) One-on-one meetings with potential offerors (any that are substantially involved with potential contract terms and conditions should include the contracting officer; also see paragraph (f) of this section regarding restrictions on disclosure of information); (5) Presolicitation notices; (6) Draft RFPs; (7) RFIs; (8) Presolicitation or preproposal conferences; and (9) Site visits. ( d) The special notices of procurement matters at 5.205 (c), or electronic notices, may be used to publicize the Government’s requirement or solicit information from industry. ("
},
{
"docid": "D1549598#0",
"title": "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/warranties\nwarranty",
"text": "\"Warranty An assurance, promise, or guaranty by one party that a particular statement of fact is true and may be relied upon by the other party. Warranties are used in a variety of commercial situations. In many instances a business mayvoluntarily make a warranty. In other situations the law implies a warranty where no expresswarranty was made. Most warranties are made with respect to real estate, insurance, and sales andleases of goods and services. Real Estate When land, houses, apartments, and other forms of real estate are sold or leased, the real estateusually comes with at least one warranty. In a sale of realty, the seller usually includes a warrantyregarding the title to the property. In some cases the title may have a cloud on it. This means thatsome party other than the seller has a claim to the property. Such claims may be made by a bank, a Judgment Debtor, a construction company, or any other party that has obtained a lien againstthe property."
},
{
"docid": "D767930#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/12679437/torts-rule-statements-flash-cards/\nTorts Rule Statements",
"text": "198 terms rosinecm Torts Rule Statements Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Negligence Negligence is defined as unreasonable conduct by defendant where defendant's conduct fails to rise to a standard of care of that of a reasonable person in the same or similar circumstances. The elements of negligence are duty, standard of care, breach, actual cause, proximate cause, and damages. Duty Almost all people owe others a duty of reasonable care to act as an objectively reasonable person would act in similar circumstances. In Palsgraf, the Cardozo majority view posits that a duty extends just to those in the zone of danger which was created by defendant's conduct. Alternately, the Andrews minority view is that a duty extends to everyone. Reasonable Person Standard Under a reasonable person standard, the defendant should have acted as a reasonable person in similar circumstances would have acted. Physical Disability When a person has a physical disability, the question posed is what a reasonable person with a similar disability would have done in similar circumstances. Intoxication Reasonable people are considered sober so intoxication is not a viable standard of care. Mental Characteristics The mental characteristics of people are considered under an objective reasonableness standard. Children Children are measured against another child of the same age and experience unless they are engaged in adult activity in which case the adult reasonable person standard applies."
},
{
"docid": "D14032#0",
"title": "http://www.dictionary.com/browse/word\nword",
"text": "\"word [wurd]Spell Syllables Synonyms Examples Word Origin See more synonyms on Thesaurus.comnoun1. a unit of language, consisting of one or more spoken sounds or their written representation, that functions as a principal carrier of meaning. Words are composed of one or more morphemes and are either the smallest units susceptible of independent use or consist of two or three such units combined under certain linking conditions, as with the loss of primary accent that distinguishes black·bird· from black· bird·. Words are usually separated by spaces in writing, and are distinguished phonologically, as by accent, in many languages.2. ( used in combination with the first letter of an offensive or unmentionable word, the first letter being lowercase or uppercase, with or without a following hyphen): My mom married at 20, and she mentions the m-word every time I meet someone she thinks is eligible. See also f-word, n-word.3. words.speech or talk: to express one's emotion in words;Words mean little when action is called for.the text or lyrics of a song as distinguished from the music.contentious or angry speech; a quarrel: We had words and she walked out on me.4. a short talk or conversation: Marston, I'd like a word with you.5. an expression or utterance: a word of warning.6. warrant, assurance, or promise: I give you my word I'll be there.7. news; tidings; information: We received word of his death.8."
},
{
"docid": "D436230#0",
"title": "https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/wrongful-termination-was-firing-illegal-32282.html\nWrongful Termination: Was Your Firing Illegal?",
"text": "\"If you've been fired from your job, how do you know if the termination was legal or illegal (called \"\"wrongful termination\"\")? Most employment is \"\"at will,\"\" which means an employee may be fired at any time and for any reason or for no reason at all (as long as the reason is not illegal). But there are some important exceptions to the at-will rule—and legal remedies—that may help you keep your job or sue your former employer for wrongful termination. Related Products MORECreate Your Own Employee Handbook The Employer's Legal Handbook The Essential Guide to Workplace Investigations The Job Description Handbook Written Promises If you have a written contract or other statement that promises you job security, you have a strong argument that you are not an at-will employee. For example, you may have an employment contract stating that you can only be fired with good cause or for reasons stated in the contract. Or, you may have an offer letter or other written document that makes promises about your continued employment. If so, you might be able to enforce those promises in court. For help determining whether you were an at-will employee, see Nolo's article Employment at Will: What Does It Mean?. Implied Promises The existence of an implied employment contract—an agreement based on things your employer said and did—is another exception to the at-will rule. This can be difficult to prove because most employers are very careful not to make promises of continued employment."
},
{
"docid": "D208852#0",
"title": "http://nationalparalegal.edu/public_documents/courseware_asp_files/domesticRelations/ContractsMarraige/PremaritalAgreements.asp\nPremarital Agreements and Antenuptial Contracts",
"text": "Premarital Agreements and Antenuptial Contracts Related Videos: Family Law: Prenuptial Agreements Terms: Antenuptial/Pre-nuptial Agreement: A contract between parties, signed before marriage, that sets forth the parameters for distribution of wealth and division of property should the marriage result in divorce. The contract will state what each party’s rights and responsibilities are in the event of a divorce to assets and liabilities. Commonly, the Statute of Frauds requires the agreement to be in writing and signed to be enforceable. Statute of Frauds : Originally an English statute passed in 1677, which has been adopted (in some form) in nearly all states. It requires that certain contracts be in writing, and signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought. Consideration: Something of value given by both parties to a contract that induces them to enter into the agreement to exchange mutual performances. Unconscionable: An agreement or a contract is said to be unconscionable if it appears grossly inequitable or unfair to one party; courts may deny enforcement of unfair or oppressive contracts. Uniform Premarital Agreements Act (“UPAA”): Uniform legislation designed to make the rules pertaining to prenuptial agreements consistent throughout the country. This act is intended to be relatively limited in scope. Duress: Any unlawful threat or coercion used by a person to induce another to act (or refrain from acting) in a manner he or she otherwise would not (or would)."
},
{
"docid": "D3116981#0",
"title": "http://pittsburgh-litigation-lawyer.com/pennsylvania-contract-law-the-basics/\nPennsylvania Contract Law: The Basics",
"text": "\"Pennsylvania Contract Law: The Basics You have come to the right place concerning contract law in Pennsylvania. Our lawyers focus on contract law issues in state and federal courts in Western PA. Free Phone Consultation: 412-780-0008We have written extensively about contract law issues. This article addresses: Oral (or \"\"verbal\"\") versus written contracts,Construction agreements,Non-competes,Non-payment for goods/services,Various types of breach, and more. Is Contract Law \"\"Common Sense\"\"? No. Unfortunately, those entering into contracts -- including businesses involved in commercial transactions -- often assume that \"\"common sense\"\" will govern so they fail to consult a civil litigation lawyer until it is fairly late in the game. It is important to understand the basics of contract law. The Basics. Fortunately, there is a detailed body of law governing contracts."
},
{
"docid": "D1120999#0",
"title": "https://blog.crowdfunder.com/terms-of-use/\nTerms of Use",
"text": "Terms of Use TERMS OF USEPLEASE READ THESE TERMS OF USE (“TERMS”) CAREFULLY. IT SETS FORTH THE LEGALLY BINDING TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR YOUR USE OF THE SERVICES MADE AVAILABLE BY CROWDFUNDER (DEFINED BELOW). THESE TERMS REQUIRE YOU ARBITRATE ANY DISPUTES YOU HAVE WITH US AND YOU WAIVE THE ABILITY TO BRING CLAIMS AGAINST US IN A CLASS ACTION FORMAT. Introduction Welcome! These Terms of Use (“Terms”) govern the use of the websitewww.crowdfunder.com (including both mobile and online versions) (“Site”), online and mobile services (e.g., apps), and software made available by Crowdfunder, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries (“Crowdfunder”, “we”, “our” or “us”), including your use of interactive features, widgets, plug-ins, applications, content, downloads and/or other services that we own and control and that post a link to these Terms (the Site and each of the foregoing, individually, a “Service” and collectively the “Crowdfunder Services”), regardless of how you access or use any Service, whether via computer, mobile device or otherwise. By using any Service, you acknowledge and accept our Privacy Policy and consent to the collection and use of your data in accordance with the Privacy Policy. Crowdfunder is not a registered or licensed as a broker-dealer, funding portal, investment advisor or investment manager in any state, district, county, territory or municipality within the United States, or in any other country or territory. As such, it is not acting in a fiduciary capacity with respect to any user of the Crowdfunder Services, and Crowdfunder disclaims any broker-client or advisor-client relationship with respect to any party using any Service. No Legal, Accounting or Tax Advice Crowdfunder does not provide legal, accounting or tax advice. Any representation or implication to the contrary is expressly disclaimed."
},
{
"docid": "D1763466#0",
"title": "http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/warranty-rights-faq-29103-3.html\nQuestions",
"text": "\"Questions What is an express warranty? What is an implied warranty? How do I enforce a warranty if something is wrong with what I bought? Do I have any recourse if the item breaks after the warranty expires? I just bought a stereo system, and the sales clerk tried to sell me an extended warranty contract. Should I have bought the contract? When I buy a consumer product, is it covered by a warranty? Related Products MORE101 Law Forms for Personal Use FEATURED LISTINGS FROM NOLOFeatured Consumer Law Law Firms In Redmond, WA change location Winston & Cashatt, Lawyers A Professional Service Corporation4.7 /5.0509-590-2808 contact Pfau Cochran Vertetis Amala PLLC5.0 /5.0253-533-2269 contact Gordon Tilden Thomas & Cordell LLP5.0 /5.0206-462-4510 contact Boris Davidovskiy, P. S.425-409-6437 contact VIEW ALLRelated Ads What is an express warranty? An express warranty is a verbal or written statement that guarantees that a product is of a certain quality or will work in a certain way or for a certain amount of time. Most express warranties say something like, \"\"This product is warranted against defects in materials or workmanship\"\" or \"\"We will repair or replace parts that are defective in materials or workmanship\"\" for a specified time."
}
] |
8694 | _____ is commonly known as a wryneck. | [
{
"docid": "D195752#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torticollis\nTorticollis",
"text": "\"\"\"Wry neck\"\" redirects here. For the bird, see Wryneck. Torticollis Synonym Crick in the neck, wry neck, loxia [note 1]The muscles involved with torticollis Specialty Orthopedics Torticollis, also known as wry neck, is a dystonic condition defined by an abnormal, asymmetrical head or neck position, which may be due to a variety of causes. The term torticollis is derived from the Latin words tortus for twisted and collum for neck. [ 1] [2]The most common case has no obvious cause, and the pain and difficulty with turning the head usually goes away after a few days, even without treatment. [ 3]Contents [ hide ]1 Signs and symptoms2 Causes2.1 Congenital muscular torticollis2.2 Acquired torticollis2.3 Spasmodic torticollis2.4 Trochlear torticollis3 Anatomy4 Diagnosis5 Treatment5.1 Physical therapy5.2 Microcurrent therapy5.3 Surgery6 Prognosis7 Other animals7.1 Head tilt8 Notes9 References10 External links Signs and symptoms [ edit]Torticollis is a fixed or dynamic tilt, rotation, with flexion or extension of the head and/or neck. The type of torticollis can be described depending on the positions of the head and neck. [ 1] [4] [5]laterocollis : the head is tipped toward the shoulderrotational torticollis : the head rotates along the longitudal axisanterocollis : forward flexion of the head and neck [6]retrocollis : hyperextension of head and neck backward [7]A combination of these movements may often be observed. Torticollis can be a disorder in itself as well as a symptom in other conditions. Other symptoms include: [8] [9]Neck pain Occasional formation of a mass Thickened or tight sternocleidomastoid muscle Tenderness on the cervical spine Tremor in head Unequal shoulder heights Decreased neck movement Causes [ edit]A multitude of conditions may lead to the development of torticollis including: muscular fibrosis, congenital spine abnormalities, or toxic or traumatic brain injury. ["
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2002775#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/110614069/simmons-nurp-500-exam-1-flash-cards/\nSimmons NURP 500-Exam 1",
"text": "\"187 terms stephanie_rains46Simmons NURP 500-Exam 1Simmons FNP Health Assessment Exam 1 Notes Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Diphtheria Discharge from Nose/Skin/Other Lesions of infected person Contact with infected persons or contaminated objects 2-5 days incubation period Variable: Three negative cultures (usually 2-4weeks) *White or Grey Membranes *\"\"Bulls neck\"\" *Flu-like Symptoms (epistaxis possible) *DEATH WITHIN 6-10 DAYS! * Potential airway obstruction (oxygen deprived) Nasal - Tonsillar/pharyngeal - Laryngeal Preventative - DTa P and TDa P Treatment - IV ABX IV Dipththeria antitoxin Pertussis \"\"Whooping Cough\"\" Discharge from respiratory tract from infected person Direct contact or droplet from infected person or contaminated articles Incubation 7-10 days (up to 21 days) Greatest communicable during catarrhal stage before onset of paroxysms Catarrhal (Inflammation of membranes) URI symptoms 1-2 weeks - dry hacking cough becomes more severe Paroxysmal Stage (attack phase) Most common at night Oxygen deprived (cyanotic, bulging eyes, tongue protrudes) 4-6 weeks followed by convalescent stage Management Erythromycin DTa P and TDa PMeasles (Rubeola) Virus Respiratory secretions/blood/urine of infected person Direct contact with droplets (primarily in winter) Incubation 10-20 days 4 days before rash and 5 days after rash appears (mainly during catarrhal stage) Prodromal (Catarrhal) URI symptoms Koplik Spots 3 C's (Cough, Conjuntivitis, Coryza) Rash Eruption on face and gradually spreads downward More severe in earlier sites (appears confluent) and less intense in later sites (appears discrete) Management Supportive Preventative - Immunization (MMR)Mumps Saliva of infected persons Direct contact with or droplet spread from infected person Incubation 14-21 days MOST COMMUNICABLE IMMEDATELY BEFORE AND AFTER SWELLING BEGINS!! Parotid Gland Prodromal Stage Flu-like symptoms for 24 hours Earache aggravated by chewing Parotitis By third day, parotid gland enlarges and reaches maximum size in 1-3 days Pain and tenderness Management Preventative - MMR Supportive - Motrin Rubella (German Measles) Nasopharyngeal secretions of person with apparent infection (blood, urine, stool also) Incubation 14-21 days Communicable 7 days before to 5 days after rash appears Prodromal Stage Absent in children Adults flu-like symptoms subsides 1 day after rash appears Rash Appears on face, descends to trunk, neck, arms, and legs By end of 1st day, body is covered with pink maculopapular rash Disappears in same order it appeared usually by 3 days Management MMR Supportive Varicella (Chicken Pox) Secretions of respiratory tract of infected persons (skin lesions, scabs not infectious) Droplet/contact/airborne and contaminated objects Incubation 2-3 weeks Communicable 1 day of eruption of lesions to 6 days after first crop of vesicles when crusts have formed Prodromal Stage Flu-like symptoms 24 hours Rash highly pruritic (macule - papule - fluid-filled vesicle - crusting) Cloudy - crusts Distribution Face and proximal extremities Sparse on distal limbs and less on areas not exposed to heat (core) Elevated temp/irritable Management Zovirax Vari ZIG or IVIG to high risk patients Varicella secondary Secondary - impetigo (scratching with nasty fingernails)Scarlet Fever Agent: Group A Beta hemolytic Strep Transmitted by nasal secretions of infected persons Spread by direct contact with droplets or contaminated articles or ingesting contaminated food products Incubation 2-5 days (1-7 days) Communicable during incubation and clinical illness (approx. 10 days) May persist for months Prodromal stage High fever, abnormal tachycardia, vomiting, flulike symptoms, halitosis Enanthema (eruption on mucous membranes) Tonsils enlarged, beefy red pharynx 1-2 days - (white strawberry tongue) 4-5 days - (white sloughs off - red strawberry tongue) Exanthema (eruption on skin) Rash appears 12 hours after prodromal signs Red pinhead sized punctuate lesions generalized. Absent on face. Flushed pallor Rash more prominent in folds of joints End of 1st week - fine sand paper like on torso. Sheet like sloughing on palms and soles. May be complete in 3 weeks or longer Management PCN/Erythromycin/Cephalosporins Supportive Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease) HPV B19 Infected persons mainly school aged Respiratory secretions and blood Incubations 4-14 days up to 21 Uncertain communicable but before onset in children with aplastic crisis AVOID PREGNANT PEOPLE! MAY RETURN TO SCHOOL WHEN RASH APPEARS! Fever, HA, Malaise > 1 week later (rash appears) I- \"\"slapped face\"\" disappears by 1-4 days II- 1 day after rash appears on face, red spots appear on upper and lower extrem/ rash progresses from proximal to distal surfaces and last 1 week III- rash subsides but reappears if skin is irritated or traumatized (heat, cold, irritation) NO TIGHT LEGGINGS!"
},
{
"docid": "D1944894#0",
"title": "http://www.justmommies.com/babies/what-torticollis\nWhat is Torticollis?",
"text": "\"Just Mommies Babies / Baby Health What is Torticollis? By Just Mommies staff Torticollis is a condition in which a newborn's head tilts to one side. It is sometimes referred to as \"\"wryneck.\"\" A baby with this condition will have his chin pointed toward one shoulder, and the top of his head pointed in the direction of the opposite shoulder. Torticollis is painless, but it can be upsetting for a parent to see their newborn with the condition. It is sometimes present at birth (congenital torticollis), or can develop over the first three months of life. Most of the time it can easily be treated, but in some cases it can indicate more serious underlying conditions. Causes of Torticollis One form of torticollis - muscular torticollis - is actually fairly common, but doctors don't know exactly what causes it. Often, it may happen because of tightness in the muscle that connects the sternum and collarbone to the baby's head. Researchers believe that positioning in the womb is the most likely culprit in these instances."
},
{
"docid": "D3104737#0",
"title": "http://www.dictionary.com/browse/wryneck\nwryneck",
"text": "wryneck [ rahy -nek]Spell Syllables Word Originnoun1. Informal.torticollis.a person having torticollis.2. any of several small Old World climbing birds of the subfamily Jynginae, of the woodpecker family, noted for the peculiar habit of twisting the head and neck. Origin of wryneck Expand1575-1585First recorded in 1575-85; wry + neck"
},
{
"docid": "D3019034#0",
"title": "https://www.thoughtco.com/cockatoos-profile-130575\n30 Basic Bird Groups",
"text": "\"Science, Tech, Math ›Animals and Nature30 Basic Bird Groups Share Flipboard Email Print Oscar Wong / Getty Imagesby Bob Strauss Updated December 07, 2017The earth is home to over 10,000 species of birds, scattered across a wide range of habitats—wetlands, woodlands, mountains, deserts, tundra, shorelines, and even the open sea. While experts differ on the fine details about how birds should be classified, on the following slides, you'll discover the 30 bird groups that pretty much everyone agrees on—ranging from albatrosses and petrels to toucans and woodpeckers.01of 30Albatrosses and Petrels (Order Procellariiformes)Getty Images Birds in the order Procellariiformes, also known as tubenoses, include diving petrels, gadfly petrels, albatrosses, shearwaters, fulmars and prions, about 100 living species in all. These birds spend most of their time at sea, gliding over the open water and dipping down to snatch meals of fish, plankton, and other small marine animals. Tubenoses are colonial birds, returning to land only to breed (breeding sites vary among species, but in general, these birds prefer remote islands and rugged coastal cliffs), and they are monogamous, forming long-term bonds between mating pairs. A unifying anatomical characteristic of albatrosses and petrels is their nostrils, which are enclosed in external tubes that run from the base of their bill towards its tip. Amazingly enough, these birds can drink seawater: they remove salt from the water using a special gland located at the base of their bills, after which the excess salt is excreted out through their tubular nostrils. The largest tubenose species is the wandering albatross, the wingspan of which can reach 12 feet. The smallest is the least storm petrel, with a wingspan of just over one foot.02of 30Birds of Prey (Order Falconiformes)Getty Images The Falconiformes, or birds of prey, include eagles, hawks, kites, secretary birds, ospreys, falcons and old world vultures, about 300 species in all. Also known as raptors (but not all that closely related to the raptor dinosaurs of the Mesozoic Era), birds of prey are formidable predators, armed with powerful talons, hooked bills, acute eyesight, and broad wings well-suited for soaring and diving. Raptors hunt by day, feeding on fish, small mammals, reptiles, other birds, and abandoned carrion."
},
{
"docid": "D2929341#0",
"title": "http://www.drsfostersmith.com/pic/article.cfm?aid=782\nUpper Respiratory Disease (Snuffles) in Rabbits",
"text": "Upper Respiratory Disease (Snuffles) in Rabbits Drs. Foster & Smith Educational Staff TOP VIEWED ARTICLESWhy Does My Rabbit Eat His Droppings? Toys for Rabbits: Alleviate Boredom Habitat Tips for Rabbits PRODUCTS RELATED TO: Rabbits Vitakraft Slims for Rabbits As low as $2.24e COTRITION Yogies Treats for Rabbits As low as $2.79Light Popcorn Treat Sticks for Rabbits As low as $2.99Snuffles is a respiratory disease in rabbits most commonly caused by Pasteurella multocida. It is one of the most common diseases that strikes domestic rabbits. Almost every rabbit breeder or long-term rabbit owner has dealt with, or is at least familiar with, this devastating respiratory disease. Very contagious, it can also affect the eyes, ears, and other organs. If detected early, it can be treated. However, it can become chronic or fatal if left untreated. The following are signs, causes, and treatment options, as well as prevention methods for snuffles. Cause While there can be different causes of these infections, the most common and generally accepted cause of snuffles is infection with the bacteria Pasteurella multocida."
},
{
"docid": "D1383937#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/101685848/chapter-10-flash-cards/\nChapter 10",
"text": "\"97 terms alexkatz Chapter 10Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort First-Class Levers - Load-Fulcrum-Effort -Tibia-Calcaneus Joint, Humerus-Metacarpal Joint -Some operate at a mechanical advantage and some operate at a mechanical disadvantage depending on specific location -Think scissors Second-Class Levers - Fulcrum-Load-Effort -Standing on tippy toes -All work at a mechanical advantage Third-Class Levers - Load-Effort-Fulcrum -Humerus-Ulna Joint, Lifting a weight or a shovel -Think of tweezers or forceps -All work at a mechanical disadvantage Sternocleidomastoid Muscle has origin on its manubrium of the sternum and medial portion of the clavicle, its insertion is in mastoid process of temporal bone Deltoid is involved in Arm abduction and rotation Seratus Anterior Prime mover to protract and hold the scapula against the chest wall; rotates scapula so that its inferior angle moves laterally and upward Trapezius Rotates the scapula Rhomboid Minor and Rhomboid Major Retract the scapula Flexor Carpi Ulnaris -Flexes the wrist -Powerful wrist flexors that stabilize the wrist during finger extension Flexor Digitorum Profundus Slow-acting finger flexor Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus and Brevis Extends and abducts the wrist Extensor Pollicis Longus and Brevis Extends the thumb Antagonist Muscle that opposes and reverses the action of another muscle Fixator -Muscle that stabilizes the origin of another muscle -Maintains posture Agonist Muscle that is primarily responsible for bringing about a particular movement Synergist -Muscle that aids another by promoting the same movement -Adds force to movement and reduces unwanted movement Types of fascicle arrangements Parallel, fusiform, pennate, convergent, circular True or False: Muscles are only able to pull, they never push True Anconeus is involved in Elbow extension Muscles anchored to the pelvic girdle Iliopsoas, tensor fascialata, rectus femoris all promote movement of upper thigh Where is the insertion of the biceps brachii? On the radius Buccinator Compresses the cheek Masseter Prime mover of jaw closure (chewing)Deltoid Abduction and rotation of the arm Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Adducts/Extends hand Soleus Prime mover used in plantar flexion Pharyngeal constrictor muscles are used to Propel food down to the esophogus True or False: The arrangement of a muscle's fascicles determines its range of motion and power True True or False: Muscle power does NOT depend on the direction of the fascicles True Calcaneal Tendon The largest and strongest tendon in the body (Achilles Tendon)Epicranius (Occipitofrontalis) contains -Two bellies, the frontal belly and the occipital belly -Have alternate actions of pulling scalp forward and backward Electromyography Recording and interpretation of graphic records of the electrical activity of contracting muscles Latissimus Dorsi The broadest muscle of the back Erector Spinae -Prime mover of back extension -Muscle spasms would include this Hypoglossus Depresses the tongue -Connect to hyoid bone Styloglossus Retracts and elevates the tongue -Connect to hyoid bone True or False: Muscles connecting to the hyoid bone are important for swallowing/speech True Extensor Digitorum Toe extension Extensor hallicus longus Extends the big toe Tibialis anterior dorsiflexion/inversion of foot Fibularis tertius -dorsiflexion/eversion of foot -Keeps your toes from dragging when walking What is the major factor controlling the manner in which levers work? The difference in positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum Pennate muscle fiber arrangement Fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of the muscle What primarily determines the power of a muscle? The total number of muscle cells available for contraction When seeing terms biceps, triceps, quadriceps, you can assume the muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively How many skeletal muscles are there in the human body? Over 600 muscles in the body What does \"\"levator\"\" mean when describing a muscle's action? The muscle elevates and/or adducts a region Suprahyoid Muscles Group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the oral cavity Supraspinatus -Located on posterior aspect of the scapula -Stabilizes the shoulder joint and helps prevent downward location of the humerus and to assist in abduction Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extends and abducts the wrist and is short Circular Muscles Muscles that are found at openings of the body Frontal Belly of the epicranius Raises the eyebrows (producing wrinkles on forehead)Genioglossus Protracts tongue Hyoglossus Depresses tongue Stylohyoid Elevates/Retracts hyoid Orbicularis Oris Closes, purses, and protrudes the lips The Scalenes Group of muscles that flex and rotate the neck The Iliocostalis Extend and flex the vertebral colum The Spinalis Extend vertebral column The Splenius Extend/Hyperextend the head Sternocleidomastoid Flexes/Rotates the head Sartorius -Flexes, abducts, rotates thigh -Involved in crossing one leg over the other when sitting Gastrocnemius Inserts by the calcaneal tendon\"\"Lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage\"\" means: The load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum Coccygeus Supports pelvic organs Internal Oblique, External Oblique, Transversus Abdominis all... Compress the abdomen Infraspinatus Muscle located on the dorsal side of the body3 members of the hamstrings Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus Gracilis -Long, thin, superficial muscle of medial thigh -Adducts thigh, flexes/rotates leg What is a muscle nursing infants and whistling adults use? Buccinator Sternocleidomastoid Spasms of this straplike muscle result in wryneck or torticollis Ways of classifying muscles muscle location, type of action they cause, muscle shape Triceps brachii act as antagonists in flexing the forearm What do pennate muscles pattern look like? A feather Fascicle arrangement of the extensor digitorum longus Unipennate Muscle strained in tennis players swinging arm Brachioradialis To exhale forcibly, one would contract the Internal intercostals and rectus abdominus Paralysis in what muscles would make an individual unable to flex the thigh? Iliopsoas and rectus femoris What do geniohyoid, hyoglossus, and stylohyoid all have in common? They all act on the tongue3 parts of the large muscle mass of the medial compartment of the thigh: Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis Muscles involved in abduction teres major, subscapularis, latissimus dorsi Adductor Magnus Flexor of the thigh Tibialis Anterior Involved in inversion at the ankle joint Vastus Lateralis Serves as a common intramuscular injection site, particularly in infants Paralysis of the hamstring muscles would result in An individual being unable to flex the knee Muscles that act in plantar flexion flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, gastrocnemius and soleus Triceps Brachii powerful forearm extensor Serratus anterior known as the boxer muscle Internal oblique runs deep to the external oblique Buccinator helps keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth during chewing Platysma Draws the corners of the mouth downward as in expressing horror Masseter Main chewing muscle What arrangement of fascicles does the pectoralis major have?"
},
{
"docid": "D2711250#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Mantua\nProvince of Mantua",
"text": "\"Province of Mantua From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Province of Mantua Province Palazzo della Cervetta in Mantua, the provincial seat. Map highlighting the location of the province of Mantua in Italy Country Italy Region Lombardy Capital (s) Mantua Comuni 70Government• President Alessandro Pastacci ( PD)Area• Total 2,339 km 2 (903 sq mi)Population (31 May 2015)• Total 413,663• Density 180/km 2 (460/sq mi)Time zone CET ( UTC+1)• Summer ( DST) CEST ( UTC+2)Vehicle registration MNISTAT 020The Province of Mantua ( Italian: Provincia di Mantova) is a province in the Lombardy region of northern Italy. Its capital is the city of Mantua. It is bordered to the north-east by the Province of Verona, to the east by that of Rovigo, to the south by those of Ferrara, Modena, Reggio Emilia and Parma, to the west by the Province of Cremona and to the north-west by that of Brescia. Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Geography3 Protected areas4 Economy5 See also6 References7 External links History [ edit]Founded in the tenth century BC on the plain formed by meanders of the River Mincio, Mantua became an Etruscan town and important trading post for pottery and agricultural products. Despite its defensible position, it was unable to withstand the Celtic invaders in the sixth and fifth centuries BC who overwhelmed it, and the whole area was later conquered by the Romans. [ 1]By the fifth century AD, the Western Roman Empire was collapsing. Mantua was overrun by a series of invaders, including the Visigoths, Vandals, and Ostrogoths. After 568 the Lombards seized control of the part of northern Italy which is now known as Lombardy and included Mantua. [ 1]The current administrative boundaries of the province have deep historical roots, corresponding largely to the Duchy of Mantua, which was a sovereign state under international law."
},
{
"docid": "D3241167#0",
"title": "https://www.webmd.com/parenting/baby/what-is-torticollis\nWhat Is Torticollis?",
"text": "What Is Torticollis? In this Article What Causes It? Symptoms When Should I Call My Doctor? Why Treatment Matters What You Can Do at Home Other Treatments Torticollis is a problem involving the muscles of the neck that causes the head to tilt down. The term comes from two Latin words: tortus, which means twisted, and collum, which means neck. Sometimes it’s called “wryneck. ”If your baby has the condition at birth, it’s called congenital muscular torticollis. That’s the most common type. Babies can also develop the condition after birth. Then it’s called “acquired,” rather than congenital."
},
{
"docid": "D772110#0",
"title": "http://www.baby-safety-concerns.com/infant-torticollis.html\nInfant Torticollis - Symptoms and Diagnosis of Babies with Torticollis.",
"text": "Infant Torticollis - Symptoms and Diagnosis of Babies with Torticollis. When you notice that your baby has a stiff neck, holds his head to one side or has limited neck movements you should make an appointment with your paediatrician right away. The sooner torticollis in babies is detected; the better and more efficiently this condition can be treated. What is infant torticollis? Torticollis also called wryneck, is a tightness in the neck muscle (sternocleidomastoid muscle). This neck muscle connects the collarbone (sternum) to the temporal bone of the skull (mastoid). Tightening of this muscle causes the head to tilt to one side. When the condition is present at birth or shortly after birth we call it congenital muscle torticollis. About 1 in 250 babies is born with congenital torticollis. Often torticollis in babies is not diagnosed at birth or in the first months of life."
},
{
"docid": "D2271773#0",
"title": "http://www.theoi.com/Text/TheocritusIdylls1.html\nTHEOCRITUS, IDYLLS 1 - 4",
"text": "\"Classical Texts Library >> Theocritus, Idylls >> Idylls 1-4THEOCRITUS, IDYLLS 1 - 4THEOCRITUS was a Greek bucolic poet who flourished in Syracuse, Cos and Alexandria in the C3rd B,C. His surviving work can mostly be found within an old compendium of 30 poems known as the \"\"Idylls of Theocritus,\"\" Many of these works, however, are no longer attributed to the poet. The Greek Bucolic Poets. Translated by Edmonds, J M. Loeb Classical Library Volume 28. Cambridge, MA. Harvard Univserity Press. 1912. This Loeb volume is still in print and available new from Amazon.com (click on image right for details). In addition to the works of Theocritus the book contains the poems of Bion and Moschus, a pair of anonymous works ( The Megara and Dead Adonis ), various pattern-poems (by Simas, Theocritus, Dosiadas, and Vestinus), source Greek texts, Edmond's introduction and footnotes and an index of proper names. This, as well as several other more recent translations and academic commentaries, appear in the booklist (left below). IDYLLS CONTENTSIDYLLS 1 - 41."
},
{
"docid": "D5702#0",
"title": "http://www.webmd.com/parenting/baby/tc/congenital-torticollis-topic-overview\nCongenital Torticollis - Topic Overview",
"text": "\"Congenital Torticollis - Topic Overview Articles On Congenital Torticollis Topic Overview Other Places To Get Help Related Information References Credits What is congenital torticollis? Torticollis, also known as \"\"wryneck,\"\" is a condition in which your baby's head is tilted. The chin points to one shoulder, while the head tilts toward the opposite shoulder. Treatment is necessary to prevent your baby's face and skull from growing unevenly and to prevent limited motion of the head and neck. \"\" Congenital\"\" means a condition that is present at birth. Congenital torticollis occurs at or shortly after birth. See a picture of congenital torticollis. What causes congenital torticollis? Congenital torticollis occurs when the neck muscle that runs up and toward the back of your baby's neck (sternocleidomastoid muscle) is shortened. This brings your baby's head down and to one side."
},
{
"docid": "D2003867#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jynx\nJynx",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For the magical curse, see Jinx. For the bird genus, see Wryneck. For other uses, see Jynx (disambiguation). Jynx Pokémon series character National Pokédex Scyther - Jynx (#124) - Electabuzz First game Pokémon Red and Blue Designed by Ken Sugimori Voiced by EN: Rachael Lillis JP: Mayumi Tanaka Jynx, known in Japan as Rougela ( ルージュラ Rūjura), is a Pokémon species in Nintendo and Game Freak 's Pokémon franchise. Created by Ken Sugimori, Jynx first appeared in the video games Pokémon Red and Blue and subsequent sequels, later appearing in various merchandise, spinoff titles, or animated and printed adaptations of the franchise. The character is voiced in Japanese by Mayumi Tanaka and by Rachael Lillis in English. Jynx's design and humanoid appearance has been heavily criticized by the Western media, most notably by cultural critic Carole Boston Weatherford, who described Jynx as representing blackface after seeing the character's depiction in the anime. Due to complaints, Game Freak modified its appearance by changing the original color of its face from black to the current color, purple. Contents [ hide ]1 Design and characteristics2 Appearances2.1 In video games2.2 In anime2.3 In printed material3 Controversy and reception4 See also5 References6 External links Design and characteristics [ edit]Jynx was one of 151 different designs conceived by Game Freak's character development team and finalized by Ken Sugimori for the first generation of Pocket Monsters games Red and Green, which were localized outside Japan as Pokémon Red and Blue. [ 1] [2] Originally called \"\"Rougela\"\" in Japanese, Nintendo decided to give the various Pokémon species \"\"clever and descriptive names\"\" related to their appearance or features, when translating the game for western audiences, as a means to make the characters more relatable to American children. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3241168#0",
"title": "https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/congenital-muscular-torticollis-twisted-neck\nDescription",
"text": "\"Congenital muscular torticollis, also called twisted neck or wryneck, is a condition in which an infant holds his or her head tilted to one side and has difficulty turning the head. In congenital torticollis, the muscle that extends down the side of the neck - the sternocleidomastoid muscle -- is tight and shortened. For most babies, stretching exercises and simple changes in how the infant is held or positioned will gradually lengthen the muscle and correct the problem. Description Congenital muscular torticollis is present at birth or develops soon after. It is usually discovered in the first 6 to 8 weeks of life, when a newborn begins to gain more control over the head and neck. Some babies with congenital torticollis also have developmental dysplasia of the hip, a condition in which the head of the thighbone is not held firmly in the hip socket. Torticollis can also develop later in infancy and in childhood. This type of torticollis is referred to as \"\"acquired\"\" torticollis and may be associated with a variety of conditions that require specialized treatment. Acquired torticollis is not discussed in this article. Cause The cause of congenital muscular torticollis is unknown, however, it may be related to abnormal positioning (breech position, for example) or \"\"crowding\"\" of the baby while in the uterus."
},
{
"docid": "D2674647#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_medical_term_commonly_known_as_a_wryneck.\nWhat is the medical term for the condition commonly known as an earache?",
"text": "What is the medical term for the condition commonly known as an earache?otalgia otalgia Robbb 62,719 Contributions What is the medical term for the form of arthritis that is commonly known as wear-and-tear arthritis? The medical term for the form of arthritis that is commonly known as wear-and-tear arthritis is osteoarthritis . Robbb 62,719 Contributions The medical term for the form of arthritis that is commonly known as wear and tear arthritis is? Osteoarthritis or non inflammatory arthritis. Robbb 62,719 Contributions Medical term for the form of arthritis that is commonly known as wear and tear? Osteoarthritis or non inflammatory arthritis. What medical term describing the inability to distinguish certain colors is This condition is commonly known as color blindness?monochromatism Daniel93887 18 Contributions What is the medical term meaning the condition commonly known as itch mites? Scabies Cher1058 2,732 Contributions What is the medical term for the condition commonly known as sleepwalking? Somnambulism Out of Here What is the medical term meaning wryneck? Torticollis is the medical term meaning wryneck."
},
{
"docid": "D1724154#0",
"title": "http://www.proprofs.com/flashcards/story.php?title=chapter-4-the-muscular-system-college-med-term\nChapter 4 The Muscular System College Med Term",
"text": "Chapter 4 The Muscular System College Med Term75 cards | Created by ashleyrushea | 5 years ago Flashcards Memorize Quiz Match Gravity View Flashcards Preview Flashcards Front Backbi two-cele herniadys- badfasci/o fasciafibr/o fibrous connective tissue-ia condition-ic pertaining tokines/o, kinesi/o movementmy/o muscle-plegia paralysis-rrhexis rupturetax/o coordinationten/o, tend/o, tendin/o tendonton/o tonetri- threeabduction the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body. An abductor is a muscle that moves a part away from the midline.adduction the movement of a limb toward the midline of the body. An adductor is a muscle that moves a part toward the midline.adhesion a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally. Adhesions can form in muscles, or in internal organs, as the result of an injury or surgery.ataxia the inability to coordinate muscle activity during voluntary movement.atonic lacking normal muscle tone or strengthatrophy weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures, Atrophy of a muscle or muscles can be caused by pathology or b disuse of the muscle over a long period of time.bradykinesia extreme slowness in movement. This is one of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms occur when the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become inflammed and swollen.chronic fatigue syndrome a disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems. It is a debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity.circumduction the circular movement at the far end of a limbcontracture the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues.dorsiflexion bends the foot upward at the ankledyskinesia the distortion or impairment of voluntary movement such as in a tic or spasm. A tic is a spasmodic muscular contraction that often involves parts of the face.dystaxia a.k.a. partial ataxia, is a mild form of ataxiadystonia a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes impairment of voluntary muscle movementelectromyography a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation. The resulting record is called an electromyogram. Electromyography is most frequently used when people have symptoms of weakness, and examination shows impaired muscle strength.electroneuromyography a.k.a."
},
{
"docid": "D2439837#0",
"title": "https://animalcorner.co.uk/animals/white-bengal-tigers/\nWhite Bengal Tiger",
"text": "White Bengal Tiger ADVERTISEMENTImage Source White Bengal tigers or tigers of mixed Bengal/Amur ancestry have pink noses, white-to-creme coloured fur and black, grey or chocolate-coloured stripes. White Bengal tigers eyes are usually blue, but may be green or amber. There are several hundred captive White Bengal tigers worldwide (this number increases annually), all of whom can trace their ancestry back to ‘Mohan’, a White Bengal tiger caught in Rewa, India in 1951. White Bengal Tiger There is an interesting story to the discovery of the first White Bengal tiger. In India one of the royalties which was led by by Maharaja Shri Martand Singh of Rewa had killed a white tigeress. Later, four cubs of this dead tigeress were found. All of them were shot except for the white cub. The Maharaja of Rewa offered his guest, the Maharaja Ajit Singh of Jodhpur, the honour of shooting the white cub, but he declined. After shooting a white tiger in 1948 the Maharaja of Rewa had resolved to capture one, as his father had done in 1915, at his next opportunity. Water was used to lure the thirsty cub into a cage and once captured he was housed in the unused palace at Govindgarh in the erstwhile harem courtyard."
},
{
"docid": "D195756#0",
"title": "https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/sternocleidomastoid-muscle\nSternocleidomastoid Muscle",
"text": "Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Contents Anatomy Origins & Insertions Innervation Landmarks & Relations Function Clinical Aspects Anatomy Origins & Insertions The sternocleidomastoid muscle is a two-headed neck muscle. The sternal head originates from the manubrium sterni, while the clavicular head from the middle part of the clavicle. The insertion is the mastoid process of the temporal bone and the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone. Sternocleidomastoid muscle - lateral-right view Innervation It is innervated by the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) and direct branches of the cervical plexus (C1-C2). Landmarks & Relations The muscle lies very superficially so that it is both easily visible and palpable. The carotid pulse may be felt in the middle third of the front edge. Under the sternocleidomastoid region runs a neurovascular bundle containing:the common carotid artery (medial)the internal jugular vein (lateral)the vagus nerve (dorsal)the cervical ansa Carotid sheath - histological slide When putting a central venous catheter (CVC), the medial edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle serves as a lead structure. Sensory branches of the cervical plexus merge dorsally to the muscle at the Erb’s point (punctum nervosum) which can be used as a place of puncture for local anesthesia. Function A unilateral contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle flexes the cervical vertebral column to the same side (lateral flexion) and rotates the head to the opposite side. A bilateral contraction elevates the head by dorsally extending the upper cervical joints."
},
{
"docid": "D2185201#0",
"title": "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Wry+neck\nneck",
"text": "\"Correct all you're your grammar errors instantly. Try it now.neck (redirected from Wry neck) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. Related to Wry neck: torticollis, Stiff neckneck [ nek] 1. the constricted part connecting the head with the trunk of the body.2. the constricted part of an organ or other structure; called also cervix and collum.anatomic neck of humerus the constriction of the humerus just below its proximal articularsurface.bladder neck a constricted portion of the urinary bladder where its inferolateral surfaces meet at the opening of the urethra.neck of femur the heavy column of bone connecting the head of the femur and the shaft. Madelung's neck diffuse symmetrical lipomas of the neck.neck of spermatozoon a short portion of the tail of a spermatozoon immediately posterior to thehead, aterior to the middle piece. See illustration at spermatozoon.surgical neck of humerus the constricted part of the humerus just below the tuberosities.neck of tooth the narrowed part of a tooth between the crown and the root; called also cervix dentis and collum dentis.uterine neck ( neck of uterus) cervix uteri.webbed neck a thick skin fold on the side of the neck, from the mastoid region to the acromion. Called also pterygium colli.wry neck torticollis. Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. © 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.neck ( nek ), [TA]1."
},
{
"docid": "D2402122#0",
"title": "https://nomadicdreaming.wordpress.com/2012/12/03/eating-wild-rabbits-in-australia-updated/\neating wild rabbits in Australia â updated !",
"text": "\"eating wild rabbits in Australia – updated ! ok, i am not a big fan of reading a lot of information on web pages but i feel it is needed in this case as it is a starting point for you to do your own research and make your own decisions as to whether you eat wild rabbit or not.this section is taken from this document – Meat Rabbit Farming – An Introduction Pasteurella is a bacterium that is common in animals, usually causing few ill effects in healthy rabbits in a low stress environment. When the bacteria multiplies rapidly, the most common manifestation of pasteurellosis is the condition called snuffles. Pasteurellosis is also evidenced by pneumonia, abscesses, weepy eyes, vaginal discharge, enlarged testicles and wryneck. Snuffles is characterized by nasal discharge and is extremely contagious. Strict sanitation and good ventilation are required for effective control. The condition can be readily suppressed by antibiotic treatment but a cure is difficult. If snuffles is allowed to go untreated, rabbits will begin to die from pneumonia. Abscesses are usually seen in the subcutaneous areas and can be treated with antibiotics. Coccidia, a protozoan parasite, causes diarrheal disease and/or liver damage."
},
{
"docid": "D2477229#0",
"title": "https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/torticollis\ntorticollis",
"text": "torticollis Thesaurus Definitions of torticollis1n an unnatural condition in which the head leans to one side because the neck muscles on that side are contracted Synonyms: wryneck Type of: abnormalcy, abnormalityan abnormal physical condition resulting from defective genes or developmental deficiencies Word Family Usage Examples"
}
] |
8697 | _____ is created when the accent is shifted to a weak beat or an offbeat. | [
{
"docid": "D114183#0",
"title": "https://brainly.com/question/5149522\n\"What term refers to placing emphasis on a weak or \"\"off\"\" beat?\"",
"text": "\"High School Social studies 5 points What term refers to placing emphasis on a weak or \"\"off\"\" beat? Ask for details Follow Reportby Juwiede2837 09/11/2017Only registered members have access to verified answers Join now Answersgurryfam5 Ambitious Syncopation is created when the accent is shifted to a weak beat or an offbeat. But this term applies to music... Comments Report5.0 1 vote Thanks 1 \""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2400321#0",
"title": "http://study.com/academy/lesson/syncopation-definition-examples-quiz.html\nSyncopation: Definition & Examples",
"text": "Your next lesson will play in 10 seconds Add to Timeline Autoplay 36K views Create an account to start this course today Try it free for 5 days!Create An Account Recommended Lessons and Courses for You Related Lessons Related Courses Rhythm: Recognizing Syncopation, Dotted Notes & Ties Elements of Jazz: Swing, Syncopation, Styles & History Hemiola: Definition, Rhythm & Examples Chord Progression: Music Theory, Rules & Formulas Lesson Transcript Instructor: Cathy Neff Cathy has taught college courses and has a master's degree in music. The element of surprise makes life interesting. In the rhythm of music, the element of surprise is called syncopation. Learn about the various ways to use syncopation for greater effect. Syncopation: Definition Imagine planting a huge fake spider on a friend's bathroom mirror for a fun Halloween scare! The element of surprise is what makes life, movies, books, and even music more interesting. Anything out of the ordinary, like a giant spider on a mirror, usually grabs our attention. In the music world, when composers add the unexpected to a predictable rhythmic pattern, it is called syncopation. Let's look at the rules of rhythm in music so we can see what makes syncopation. Meters in Music Every note in music tells the performer not only what pitch to play, but also how long to play it."
},
{
"docid": "D2400323#0",
"title": "http://www.dance-forums.com/threads/what-is-syncopation-anyway.1274/\nGeneral Dance Discussion > What is syncopation, anyway?",
"text": "\"General Dance Discussion > What is syncopation, anyway? Page 1 of 21 2 Next >pygmalion Well-Known Member For the newbies and non music majors out there, could someone please explain the meaning of the term, syncopation, that we've been throwing around, from a dancer's perspective, please. No need to get too technical musically, unless you just want to.http://www.ilovemusic.com/syncopat.htmpygmalion, Nov 28, 2003 #1Sagitta Well-Known Member This is definitely something that I want to understand better. Thanks Jenn!! I'm on holiday right now in NYC, but will definitely read up on the link, and hopefully the posts that follow on Sunday/Monday when I'm back home! ! Sagitta, Nov 28, 2003 #2d nice New Member That article breaks down musical syncopation well... but it is missing something that applies to all african diaspora (both black and afro-cuban dances fall in there)... there is no difference between music and dance. I can syncopate based solely off of my own rhythm... this is what hoofers do. If my normal steps use the additive rhythm of 2+3+2+3 and I change that to 1+2+1+2 I've syncopated my own rhythm... There is alos the concept of visual rhythms which was completely neglected by the article, because while it was written by someone who is a dancer, they are a musician first and foremost. Visual rhythms are bread and butter of African based dance. Overall though the article does a real good explanation of what syncopation is from a musical standpoint.d nice, Nov 28, 2003 #3ballroomboilergirl New Member I have always been confused as to what exactly syncopation is, but that article definitely helped... I still don't really know HOW to syncopate, but at least I now know WHY to syncopateballroomboilergirl, Nov 28, 2003 #4Steve Pastor Moderator Staff Member This is something that I am still working on, and that link no longer leads to an article."
},
{
"docid": "D503977#0",
"title": "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/echo+beat\nbeat",
"text": "\"Correct all you're your grammar errors instantly. Try it now.beat (redirected from echo beat) Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Encyclopedia .beat (bēt)v. beat, beat·en (bēt′n) or beat, beat·ing, beatsv. tr.1.a. To strike repeatedly.b. To subject to repeated beatings or physical abuse; batter.c. To punish by hitting or whipping; flog.2.a. To strike against repeatedly and with force; pound: waves beating the shore.b. To flap (wings, for example).c. To strike so as to produce music or a signal: beat a drum.d."
},
{
"docid": "D1418783#0",
"title": "http://www.vstplatinum.com/howtousefruityloops.htm\n",
"text": "\"With the right soundfonts and samples, you can write a professional sounding backing tracks for your song. This program isnt the best sequencer out there, but it is easier than most, and it can produce results just about as amazing as Reason or Cubase. I used FL Studio 6 XXL. ( Fruity Loops) Obtain it somehow. Using Fruity Loops The Step Sequencer In order to understand this tutorial, you will need to know the basics of operating FL. When you start up FL studio you should be greeted with a screen with a bunch'a blocks on it. This is the step sequencer. The step sequencer is where you make the patterns that make up the song. The different drum parts, the different \"\" riffs \"\", and so on. Then you assemble this riffs in the playlist, which I will explain next."
},
{
"docid": "D803788#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funk\nFunk",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For technical reasons, \"\"Funk #49\"\" redirects here; see Funk 49 for the song. For other uses, see Funk (disambiguation). Funk Stylistic origins Soul rhythm and blues jazzpsychedelia Cultural origins Mid-1960s, [1] United States Typical instruments Bass guitar electric guitardrums drum machineskeyboards ( piano Hammond organ clavinetsynthesizer) horns congas Derivative forms Disco hip hop post-punkdance-punk boogiecontemporary R&B electrohouse breakbeatnew jack swingoldschool jungle neurofunkliquid funk Subgenres Deep funk go-go nu-funk P-Funk Fusion genres Acid jazz afrobeat avant-funk free funkfunk metal funk rock funky house G-funkglitch hop jazz-funk psychedelic funkskweee UK funky synth-funk Other topics Musicians psychedelic soul Funk is a music genre that originated in African American communities in the mid- 1960s when African American musicians created a rhythmic, danceable new form of music through a mixture of soul music, jazz, and rhythm and blues (R&B). Funk de-emphasizes melody and chord progressions used in other related genres and brings a strong rhythmic groove of a bass line played by an electric bassist and a drum part played by a drummer to the foreground. Like much of African-inspired music, funk typically consists of a complex groove with rhythm instruments playing interlocking grooves. Funk uses the same richly colored extended chords found in bebop jazz, such as minor chords with added sevenths and elevenths, or dominant seventh chords with altered ninths. Funk originated in the mid-1960s, with James Brown 's development of a signature groove that emphasized the downbeat —with heavy emphasis on the first beat of every measure (\"\"The One\"\"), and the application of swung 16th notes and syncopation on all bass lines, drum patterns, and guitar riffs. [ 2] Other musical groups, including Sly and the Family Stone, the Meters, and Parliament-Funkadelic, soon began to adopt and develop Brown's innovations. While much of the written history of funk focuses on men, there have been notable funk women, including Chaka Khan, Labelle, Lyn Collins, Brides of Funkenstein, Klymaxx, Mother's Finest, and Betty Davis. Funk derivatives include the psychedelic funk eras of Sly Stone and George Clinton; the avant-funk of white groups such as Talking Heads and the Pop Group; boogie, a form of post-disco dance music; electro music, a hybrid of electronic music and funk; funk metal (e.g., Living Colour, Faith No More ); G-funk, a mix of gangsta rap and funk; Timba, a form of funky Cuban popular dance music; and funk jam (e.g., Phish )."
},
{
"docid": "D766730#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_%28music%29\nBar (music)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Types of bar lines Fifteen bar multirest In musical notation, a bar (or measure) is a segment of time corresponding to a specific number of beats in which each beat is represented by a particular note value and the boundaries of the bar are indicated by vertical bar lines. Dividing music into bars provides regular reference points to pinpoint locations within a musical composition. It also makes written music easier to follow, since each bar of staff symbols can be read and played as a batch. [ 1] Typically, a piece consists of several bars of the same length, and in modern musical notation the number of beats in each bar is specified at the beginning of the score by the time signature. In simple time, (such as 34 ), the top figure indicates the number of beats per bar, while the bottom number indicates the note value of the beat (the beat has a quarter note value in the 34 example). The word bar is more common in British English, and the word measure is more common in American English, although musicians generally understand both usages. In American English, although the words bar and measure are often used interchangeably, the correct use of the word 'bar' refers only to the vertical line itself, while the word 'measure' refers to the beats contained between bars. [ 2] In international usage, it is equally correct to speak of bar numbers and measure numbers, e.g. ‘bars 9–16’ or ‘mm. 9–16’. Along the same lines, it is wise [ citation needed] to reserve the abbreviated form ‘bb."
},
{
"docid": "D3553852#0",
"title": "http://faculty.ccp.edu/faculty/acaney/mus106/glossary.html\n.",
"text": "\"Home | Links Glossary of Music Terminology A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y ZAAbsolute music Instrumental music with no explicit pictorial or literal associations. As opposed to program music.a cappella Music for voices alone, without instrumental accompaniment.accelerando Getting faster.accent A conspicuous, sudden emphasis given to a particular sound, usually by an increase in volume.accidental A notational sign in a score indicating that a specific note is to be played as a flat, sharp, or natural. The most common accidentals (flats and sharps) correspond to the five black notes in each octave of the keyboard.accompaniment The subordinate material or voices that support a melody.acoustics (1) the science of sound; (2) the art of optimizing sound in an enclosed space.adagio Quite slow tempo.allegro; allegretto Fast tempo; slightly fast tempoalto (1) The lowest adult female voice; (2) the second-highest voice in a four-part texture.andante; andantino Moderately slow (walking) tempo; a little faster than andante. antiphon Originally, a plainchant that framed the singing of a psalm. The term derives from the early practice of singing psalms \"\"antiphonally\"\"- that is, with two or more alternating choirs.appoggiatura A strong-beat dissonance that resolves to a consonance; used as an expressive device in much tonal music.aria In opera or oratorio, a set piece, usually for a single performer, that expresses a character's emotion about a particular situation.arioso A singing style between aria and recitative.arpeggio A chord whose individual notes are played successively rather than simultaneously.arrangement An orchestration of a skeletal score or a reorchestration of a finished composition.ars nova The \"\"new art\"\" of fourteenth-century France; refers to the stylistic innovations, especially rhythmic, of composers around 1320.articulation The manner in which adjacent notes of a melody are connected or separated.art song A song focusing on artistic rather than popular expression.a tempo At the original tempo.atonality; atonal The absence of any sense of tonality.augmentation The restatement of a theme in longer note values, often twice as long (and therefore twice as slow) as the original.avant garde In the art, on the leading edge of a change in style. Bindexballade (1) One of several types of medieval secular songs, usually in A-A-B form; (2) a type of nineteenth-century character piece for piano.ballad opera A popular eighteenth-century English dramatic form characterized by spoken dialogue on topical themes interspersed with popular folk songs.ballata A type of fourteenth-century italian secular song, similar to the French virelai.ballet The theatrical presentation of group or solo dancing of great precision to a musical accompaniment, usually with costumes and scenery and conveying a story or theme.bar Same as measure.baritone Adult male voice of moderately low range.basic set The underlying tone row in a serial composition.bass (1) The lowest adult male voice; (2) the lowest voice in a polyphonic texture.bass clef The clef in the upper staff that shows pitches mostly below middle Cbasse danse A popular Renaissance court dance for couples.blue note In blues singing or jazz, the deliberate offpitch lowering of certain pitches.blues (I)A form of African-American folk music, characterized by simple, repetitive structures and a highly flexible vocal delivery; (2) the style of singing heard in the blues.bow In string playing, a bundle of bleached horsehairs stretched tautly between the ends of a wooden stick. To produce a sound, the bow is drawn over one or more of the strings.branle A high-stepping Renaissance group dance.brass A family of instruments with cup-shaped mouthpieces through which the player blows into a series of metal tubes. Usually constructed of brass or silver.bridge (1) A passage connecting two sections of a composition; (2) on string instruments, a small piece of wood th I at holds the strings above the body. Cindexcadence cadential The musical punctuation that separates phrases or periods, creating a sense of rest or conclusion that ranges from momentary to final.cadenza An improvised passage for a soloist, usually placed within the closing ritornello in a concerto movement.canon (1) Strict imitation, in which one voice imitates another at a staggered time interval; (2) a piece that uses canon throughout, such as \"\"Row, Row, Row Your Boat. \"\" cantata A Baroque genre for voice (s) and instruments on a sacred or secular poem, including recitatives, arias, and sometimes choruses.cantus firmus (\"\"fixed melody\"\") A pre-existing plainchant or secular melody incorporated into a polyphonic composition, common from the twelfth through the sixteenth centuries.castrato A male singer castrated during boyhood to preserve his soprano or alto vocal register."
},
{
"docid": "D1984833#0",
"title": "https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/12223/why-is-the-backbeat-called-the-rock-beat\nWhy is the ''backbeat'' called the ''rock beat''?",
"text": "\"_Music: Practice & Theory Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for musicians, students, and enthusiasts. Join them; it only takes a minute: Sign up Here's how it works: Anybody can ask a question Anybody can answer The best answers are voted up and rise to the top Why is the ''backbeat'' called the ''rock beat''?up vote9down votefavorite The basic rock beat is 4/4, so you count 1-2-3-4. And to create the rock rhythm, you have to place the emphasis on the off-beats, which 2 and 4. So it goes like this: one, TWO, three, FOUR. At least that I was taught. But I personally think this rhythm exist in basically kinds of music. I listen to hip-hop, R&B and pop music and this beat, which is considered a defining characteristic of rock'n'roll, is there. Why is it called ''the rock beat'' then?theory beats rock-n-rollshare improve this questionasked Oct 10 '13 at 2:26Freak46 1 1 3This might help: youtube.com/watch?v=_jntq BIj VNc – NReilingh Oct 10 '13 at 2:58It's not quite right anyway. In the rock beat, the snare accents are on 2 and 4, and the snare drum happens to be the (at least perceptively) loudest instrument in the band. The other instruments usually don't emphasise 2 and 4 particularly. –"
},
{
"docid": "D2336247#0",
"title": "http://www.yourdictionary.com/syncopate\nsyncopate",
"text": "\"syncopatesyn·co·patetransitive verb-·pat·ed, -·pat·ingto shorten (a word) by syncope Musicto shift (the regular accent) as by beginning a tone on an unaccented beat and continuing it through the next accented beat, or on the last half of a beat and continuing it through the first half of the following beatto use such shifted accents in (a musical composition, passage, rhythmic pattern, etc. ) Origin of syncopatefrom Medieval Latin syncopatus, past participle of syncopare, to cut short from LL, to swoon from syncope: see syncope Webster's New World College Dictionary, Fifth Edition Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Link/Citesyncopatetransitive verbsyn·co·pat·ed, syn·co·pat·ing, syn·co·pates Grammar To shorten (a word) by syncope. Music To modify (rhythm) by syncopation. Origin of syncopate Late Latin syncopāre syncopāt- from syncopē syncope ; see syncope . Related Forms:syn′co·pa′tornoun THE AMERICAN HERITAGE® DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, FIFTH EDITION by the Editors of the American Heritage Dictionaries. Copyright © 2016, 2011 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved."
},
{
"docid": "D3303125#0",
"title": "https://www.wordnik.com/words/syncopation\nsyncopation",
"text": "Definitionsfrom The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Editionn. Music A shift of accent in a passage or composition that occurs when a normally weak beat is stressed.n. Something, such as rhythm, that is syncopated.n. Grammar Syncope.from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike Licensen. The quality of a rhythm being somehow unexpected, in that it deviates from the strict succession of regularly spaced strong and weak beats in a metern. The loss of sounds in the middle of a wordfrom the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of Englishn. The act of syncopating; the contraction of a word by taking one or more letters or syllables from the middle; syncope.n. The act of syncopating; a peculiar figure of rhythm, or rhythmical alteration, which consists in welding into one tone the second half of one beat with the first half of the beat which follows.from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedian. The contraction of a word by taking a letter, letters, or a syllable from the middle, as in the seamen's fo'c'sle for forecastle; especially, such omission of a short vowel between two consonants.n. In music, the act, process, or result of inverting the rhythmic accent by beginning a tone or tones on an unaccented beat or pulse, and sustaining them into an accented one, so that the proper emphasis on the latter is more or less transferred back or anticipated.from Word Net 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University."
},
{
"docid": "D3256344#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/5276879/nonharmonic-tones-flash-cards/\nNonharmonic Tones",
"text": "\"21 terms musicrazy_rose Nonharmonic Tones Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Anticipation Anticipates a tone that belongs to the next chord. Appoggiatura Leaning note; grace note; note of embellishment usually one step above (sometimes below) the main note. Embellishment ornaments added to music to make it more interesting. Escape tone \"\"escape\"\" from the harmony by step, then leap in the opposite direction to the next chord. Step, skip. ( C-D-B)Neighboring tone (auxiliary note) A non-chord tone approached by step and left by step in the opposite direction. Embellishing tone Non-essential tones provide rhythmic motion and added melodic figuration Neighbor note one or more notes that move from the main note by either diatonic or chromatic steps before returning again to the main note Double neighbor (neighbor group, changing tones) two consecutive nonchord tones. The first moves up or down by a step from a chord tone, skips down to another non chord tone, and then resolves to the original chord tone. Lower neighbor a neighboring tone that is a step lower than the surrounding chord tones Upper neighbor A neighboring tone that is a step higher than the surrounding chord tones Cambiata a pattern in a homophonic or polyphonic (and usually contrapuntal) setting where a note is skipped from in one direction and this is followed by motion in the opposite direction, and where either the note skipped from is distinguished as a dissonance or the note skipped to is distinguished as a non-harmonic or non-chordal tone Ornament musical flourishes that are not necessary to carry the overall line of the melody (or harmony), but serve instead to decorate or \"\"ornament\"\" that line. Many ornaments are performed as \"\"fast notes\"\" around a central note Accented passing tone (notes chromatically between two scale or chord notes) are often used on weak beats so an accented passing note must just mean using a passing note on a stronger beat that is accented Unaccented passing tone passes between two notes a third apart (in other words, it fills in the gap)on an unaccented part of the bar, so the dissonance is not very prominent."
},
{
"docid": "D181794#0",
"title": "http://www.literarydevices.com/rhythm/\nRhythm",
"text": "Definition of Rhythm In literature, rhythm is the pattern of stressed and unstressed beats. Rhythm is most commonly found in poetry, though it is also present in some works of drama and prose. The rhythm of a poem can be analyzed through the number of lines in a verse, the number of syllables in the line, and the arrangement of syllables based on whether they are long or short, accented or unaccented. Rhythm is also closely associated with meter, which identifies units of stressed and unstressed syllables. When an author combines metrical units into a pattern, he or she creates rhythm. Types of Meter The definition of rhythm necessitates the presence of beats, or metrical units. There are five key metrical units in the English language, as described below: Iamb —An iamb is comprised of one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable. There is a popular rhythm called iambic pentameter that Shakespeare often used, which is a line that consists of five iambs, otherwise known as ten syllables in a alternating pattern of unstressed and stressed beats. Examples of iambs: be GIN, a GAIN, a LIVETrochee —The opposite of an iamb, a trochee is one stressed syllable followed by one unstressed syllable. Examples of trochees: ALtar, BRIDESmaid, MARRiage Spondee —A spondee is a pattern of two subsequent stressed syllables."
},
{
"docid": "D1480322#0",
"title": "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/beat\nbeat",
"text": "\"beat Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Financial, Acronyms, Idioms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia .beat (bēt)v. beat, beat·en (bēt′n) or beat, beat·ing, beatsv. tr.1.a. To strike repeatedly.b. To subject to repeated beatings or physical abuse; batter.c. To punish by hitting or whipping; flog.2.a. To strike against repeatedly and with force; pound: waves beating the shore.b. To flap (wings, for example).c. To strike so as to produce music or a signal: beat a drum.d. Music To mark or count (time or rhythm), especially with the hands or with a baton.3.a."
},
{
"docid": "D477861#0",
"title": "http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/r/Reggae.htm\nReggae",
"text": "\"Reggae Related subjects: Musical genres, styles, eras and events Did you know... SOS Children offer a complete download of this selection for schools for use on schools intranets. SOS Child sponsorship is cool!Reggae Stylistic origins Mento Calypso R&BJazz Ska Rocksteady Cultural origins Late 1960s Jamaica, especially Kingston Typical instruments Bass Drums Guitar Organ Brass instrument Melodica Derivative forms Dancehall Dub Hip hop Ragga Drum 'n' Bass Subgenres Roots reggae Lovers rock Reggae en Español (complete list)Fusion genres Reggae fusion Seggae 2 Tone Samba reggae Regional scenes Africa Australia Germany Japan New Zealand Nigeria Panama Philippines Poland Other topics Music of Jamaica List of reggae musicians Music of Jamaica General topics Related articles Genres Kumina Niyabinghi Mento Ska Rocksteady Reggae Sound systems Lovers rock Dub Dancehall Dub poetry Toasting Raggamuffin Roots reggae Reggae fusion Ska Punk Nationalistic and patriotic songs National anthem Jamaica, Land We Love Regional music Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda Aruba Bahamas Barbados Music of Belize Bermuda Bonaire Cayman Islands Cuba Curaçao Dominica Dominican Republic Grenada Guadeloupe Haiti Louisiana Martinique Montserrat Panama Puerto Rico St Kitts and Nevis St Lucia St Vincent and Grenadines San Andres, Providence and Katleena Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Virgin Islands Reggae is a music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s. While sometimes used in a broad sense to refer to most types of popular Jamaican dance music, the term reggae more properly denotes a particular music style that evolved out of the earlier genres of ska and rocksteady. Etymology The 1967 edition of the Dictionary of Jamaican English lists reggae as \"\"a recently estab. sp. for rege \"\", as in rege-rege, a word that can mean either \"\"rags, ragged clothing\"\" or \"\"a quarrel, a row\"\". Reggae as a musical term first appeared in print with the 1968 rocksteady hit \"\" Do the Reggay\"\" by The Maytals, but there are many different theories as to how the term originated. The music itself was faster than rocksteady, but tighter and more complex than ska, with obvious debts to both styles, while going beyond them both. Speaking to the term's origins, reggae artist Derrick Morgan stated: We didn't like the name rock steady, so I tried a different version of 'Fat Man'. It changed the beat again, it used the organ to creep."
},
{
"docid": "D2732272#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metre_%28poetry%29\nMetre (poetry)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( February 2009) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)In poetry, metre is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse. Many traditional verse forms prescribe a specific verse metre, or a certain set of metres alternating in a particular order. The study and the actual use of metres and forms of versification are both known as prosody. ( Within linguistics, \"\" prosody \"\" is used in a more general sense that includes not only poetic metre but also the rhythmic aspects of prose, whether formal or informal, that vary from language to language, and sometimes between poetic traditions. ) Contents [ hide ]1 Characteristics1.1 Qualitative versus quantitative metre1.2 Feet1.2.1 Classification1.3 Caesura1.4 Enjambment1.5 Metric variations2 In various languages2.1 Sanskrit2.2 Greek and Latin2.3 Classical Arabic2.3.1 The Arabic metres2.4 Classical Persian2.5 Classical Chinese2.6 Old English2.7 Modern English2.7.1 Metrical systems2.7.2 Frequently-used metres2.8 French2.9 Spanish2.10 Italian2.11 Turkish2.12 Ottoman Turkish2.13 Portuguese3 History4 Dissent5 See also6 Notes7 References Characteristics [ edit]An assortment of features can be identified when classifying poetry and its metre. Qualitative versus quantitative metre [ edit]The metre of most poetry of the Western world and elsewhere is based on patterns of syllables of particular types. The familiar type of metre in English-language poetry is called qualitative metre, with stressed syllables coming at regular intervals (e.g. in iambic pentameters, usually every even-numbered syllable)."
},
{
"docid": "D609458#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter_(music)\nMetre (music)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Meter (music))navigation search Musical and lyric metre See also: Metre (hymn) and Metre (poetry)In music, metre (Am. meter) refers to the regularly recurring patterns and accents such as bars and beats. Unlike rhythm, metric onsets are not necessarily sounded, but are nevertheless expected by the listener. A variety of systems exist throughout the world for organising and playing metrical music, such as the Indian system of tala and similar systems in Arabian and African music. Western music inherited the concept of metre from poetry ( Scholes 1977; Latham 2002b) where it denotes: the number of lines in a verse; the number of syllables in each line; and the arrangement of those syllables as long or short, accented or unaccented ( Scholes 1977; Latham 2002b ). The first coherent system of rhythmic notation in modern Western music was based on rhythmic modes derived from the basic types of metrical unit in the quantitative meter of classical ancient Greek and Latin poetry ( Hoppin 1978, 221). Later music for dances such as the pavane and galliard consisted of musical phrases to accompany a fixed sequence of basic steps with a defined tempo and time signature. The English word \"\"measure\"\", originally an exact or just amount of time, came to denote either a poetic rhythm, a bar of music, or else an entire melodic verse or dance ( Merriam-Webster 2015) involving sequences of notes, words, or movements that may last four, eight or sixteen bars. Contents [ hide ]1 Metric structure2 Frequently encountered types of metre2.1 Metres classified by the number of beats per measure2.1.1 Duple metre2.1.2 Triple metre2.2 Metres classified by the subdivisions of a beat2.2.1 Simple metre2.2.2 Compound metre3 Metre in song4 Metre in dance music5 Metre in classical music5.1 Changing metre6 Hypermetre7 Polymetre7.1 Examples8 See also9 Sources Metric structure [ edit]The term metre is not very precisely defined ( Scholes 1977 ). Stewart Mac Pherson preferred to speak of \"\"time\"\" and \"\"rhythmic shape\"\" ( Mac Pherson (1930, 3)), while Imogen Holst preferred \"\"measured rhythm\"\" ( Holst (1963, 17))."
},
{
"docid": "D135183#0",
"title": "https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/rock-and-roll\nDefinition of 'rock and roll'",
"text": "Definition of 'rock and roll'Learner: rock and roll English: rock and roll English: rock-and-roll American: rock-and-roll Translationsrock and rollalso rock'n'rolluncountable noun [ oft NOUN noun]Rock and roll is a kind of popular music developed in the 1950s which has a strong beat and is played on electrical instruments .... Elvis Presley–the King of Rock and Roll....the greatest rock 'n' roll band in the world. COBUILD Advanced English Dictionary. Copyright © Harper Collins Publishersrock and rollin Britishor rock'n'rollnoun1. a. a type of pop music originating in the 1950s as a blend of rhythm and blues and country and western. It is generally based upon the twelve-bar blues, the first and thirdbeats in each bar being heavily accentedb. ( as modifier )the rock-and-roll era2. dancing performed to such music, with exaggerated body movements stressing the beatverb3. ( intransitive)to perform this dance Collins English Dictionary. Copyright © Harper Collins Publishers Derived formsrock and roller or rock'n'roller nounrock-and-rollin Britishrock-'n'-roll or rock'n'roll ( ˌrɒkənˈrəʊl)modifier1. of, playing, or relating to rock and roll musicrock-and-roll group/number/record/albumhis rock-and-roll lifestylea rock'n'roll legendthe greatest rock 'n' roll band in the worldverb ( intransitive)2."
},
{
"docid": "D477863#0",
"title": "http://www.island-stage.com/history-of-reggae/reggae/\n.",
"text": "Reggae to the World!Reggae developed from mento, R&B, and Ska music in the 1960s. The shift from rocksteady to reggae was illustrated by the organ shuffle pioneered by Jamaican musicians like Jackie Mittoo and Winston Wright and featured in transitional singles “Say What You’re Saying” (1967) by Clancy Eccles and “People Funny Boy” (1968) by Lee “Scratch” Perry. The Pioneers’ 1968 track “Long Shot (Bus’ Me Bet)” has been identified as the earliest recorded example of the new rhythm sound that became known as reggae. Early 1968 was when the first genuine reggae records were released: “Nanny Goat” by Larry Marshall and “No More Heartaches” by The Beltones. American artist Johnny Nash’s 1968 hit “Hold Me Tight” has been credited with first putting reggae in the American listener charts. [ 7] Around that time, reggae influences were starting to surface in rock and pop music, one example being 1968’s “Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da” by The Beatles. The Wailers, a band started by Bob Marley, Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer in 1963, is perhaps the most recognized band that made the transition through all three stages of early Jamaican popular music: ska, rocksteady and reggae. Other significant reggae pioneers include Prince Buster, Desmond Dekker and Ken Boothe. Notable Jamaican producers influential in the development of ska into rocksteady and reggae include: Coxsone Dodd, Lee “Scratch” Perry, Leslie Kong, Duke Reid, Joe Gibbs and King Tubby. Chris Blackwell, who founded Island Records in Jamaica in 1960, relocated to England in 1962, where he continued to promote Jamaican music."
},
{
"docid": "D1603789#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythmic\nRhythm",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Rhythmic)navigation search For other uses, see Rhythm (disambiguation). Rhythm, a sequence in time repeated, featured in dance: an early moving picture demonstrates the waltz. Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός, rhythmos, \"\"any regular recurring motion, symmetry \"\" ( Liddell and Scott 1996 )) generally means a \"\" movement marked by the regulated succession of strong and weak elements, or of opposite or different conditions\"\" ( Anon. 1971, 2537). This general meaning of regular recurrence or pattern in time can apply to a wide variety of cyclical natural phenomena having a periodicity or frequency of anything from microseconds to several seconds (as with the riff in a rock music song); to several minutes or hours, or, at the most extreme, even over many years. In the performance arts, rhythm is the timing of events on a human scale; of musical sounds and silences that occur over time, of the steps of a dance, or the meter of spoken language and poetry. In some performing arts, such as hip hop music, the rhythmic delivery of the lyrics is one of the most important elements of the style. Rhythm may also refer to visual presentation, as \"\"timed movement through space\"\" ( Jirousek 1995, [ page needed]) and a common language of pattern unites rhythm with geometry. In recent years, rhythm and meter have become an important area of research among music scholars. Recent work in these areas includes books by Maury Yeston (1976), Fred Lerdahl and Ray Jackendoff ( Lerdahl and Jackendoff 1983 ), Jonathan Kramer, Christopher Hasty (1997), Godfried Toussaint (2005), William Rothstein (1989), and Joel Lester ( Lester 1986 )."
},
{
"docid": "D1067071#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/11438630/pop-music-exam-1-terms-flash-cards/\nPop Music Exam 1 Terms",
"text": "\"53 terms sunnyjim2479Pop Music Exam 1 Terms Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortarranger A person who adapts (or arranges) the melody and chords to songs to exploit the capabilities and instrumental resources of a particular musical ensemble.ballad A type of song in which a series of verses telling a story, often about a historical event or personal tragedy, are sung to a repeating melody (this sort of musical form is called strophic)beat The underlying pulse of a song or piece of music; a unit of rhythmic measure in music.blues A genre of music originating principally from the field hollers and works songs of rural blacks in the southern US during the latter half of the 19th century.broadside A large sheet of paper on which ballads were published; the predecessor of sheet music.call and response A musical statement by a singer or instrumentalist that is answered by other singers or instrumentalists.chorus A repeating section within a song consisting of a fixed melody and lyric that is repeated exactly each time that it occurs, typically following one or more verses.form The musical structure of a piece of music; its basic building blocks and the ways they are combinedgroove A term that evokes the channeled flow of \"\"swinging\"\" or \"\"funky\"\" or \"\"phat\"\" rhythmshabanera An African-influenced variant of European country-dance tradition that swept the US and Europe in the 1880s. The characteristic rhythm - an 8 beat pattern divided 3-3-2 - influenced late 19th century ragtime music.hook A memorable musical phrase or rifflyricist A person who supplies the poetic text (lyrics) to a piece of vocal music; not necessarily the composerlyrics The words of a songpleasure garden A forerunner of today's theme parks; one of the main venues for the dissemination of printed songs by professional composers in England between 1650 and 1850riff A simple, repeating melodic idea or pattern that generates rhythmic momentumstrophic A song form that employs the same music for each poetic unit in the lyrics.tempo \"\"Time\"\" in Italian; the rate at which a musical composition proceeds, regulated by the speed of the beats or pulse to which it is performedtimbre The quality of a sound, sometimes called \"\"tone color. \"\" verse A group of lines of poetic text, often rhyming, that usually exhibit regularly recurring metric patterns.banjo Four or five stringed instrument with a membrane stretched over a wooden or metal hoop that is strummed or plucked. It was developed by slave musicians from African prototypes during the early colonial period. The banjo was used in the music of the minstrel show, early jazz, old time country music, and bluegrass.blackface A style of stage makeup in which performers would apply burnt cork to darken their face. It is associated with the practice of minstrelsy. Bones Nickname for the character in a minstrel show who performed the bones and was positioned at the end of a line of performers (as was Tambo).cakewalk Africanized version of the European quadrille (a kind of square dance). It was was developed by slaves as a parody of the \"\"refined\"\" dance movements of the white slave owners.contradance (or country dance) Dance tradition in which teams of dancers form geometric figures such as lines, circles, or squares."
}
] |
8710 | _____ is the living tissue of the tooth, made up of blood vessels and nerves. | [
{
"docid": "D3073354#0",
"title": "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pulp\npulp",
"text": "pulp Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Financial, Acronyms, Idioms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia .pulp [ pulp] any soft, juicy animal or vegetable tissue. adj., adj pul´pal.dental pulp the richly vascularized and innervated connective tissue inside the pulp cavity of a tooth.digital pulp a cushion of soft tissue on the palmar or plantar surface of the distal phalanx of a finger or toe.pulp test a diagnostic test to determine whether the pulp of a tooth is vital (alive) or nonvital (dead); called also pulp vitality test.red pulp ( splenic pulp) the dark reddish brown substance filling the interspaces of the splenicsinuses.tooth pulp dental pulp.pulp vitality test pulp test.white pulp sheaths of lymphatic tissue surrounding the arteries of the spleen. Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. © 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.pulp ( pŭlp ), 1. A soft, moist, coherent solid. Synonym (s): pulpa [TA]2. Synonym (s): dental pulp3. Synonym (s): chyme [L. pulpa, flesh]Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012pulp ( pulp) any soft, juicy animal or vegetable tissue.pul´palcoronal pulp the part of the dental pulp contained in the crown portion of the pulp cavity.dental pulp richly vascularized and innervated connective tissue inside the pulp cavity of a tooth.digital pulp a cushion of soft tissue on the palmar or plantar surface of the distal phalanx of a finger or toe.red pulp , splenic pulp the dark, reddish brown substance filling the interspaces of the splenicsinuses.white pulp sheaths of lymphatic tissue surrounding the arteries of the spleen. Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D178003#0",
"title": "https://www.yourdentistryguide.com/root-canal-procedure/\nRoot Canal Procedure",
"text": "Root Canal Procedure A root canal is a dental procedure that is used to remove diseased pulp tissue from the interior of a tooth. The narrow channels beneath the pulp chamber in the inner part of the tooth are hollowed out and cleaned, and the roots are filed with flexible nickel titanium files. Root canal therapy restores and saves an average of 17 million teeth each year. Keep your tooth and stop the pain – sounds better than a tooth extraction, right? A tooth is made up of three main components: a hard protective shell referred to as enamel, a softer and sensitive middle layer referred to as dentin and a soft tissue inner layer referred to as dental pulp. Dental pulp is composed of nerve tissue, lymph tissue and blood vessels, and is considered to be the vital part of a tooth. If dental pulp is sufficiently traumatized – whether by exposure to oral bacteria via deep dental caries, a fracture in the tooth that enters the pulp or a forceful blow to the face – the tooth begins to die and root canal therapy is often required in order to prevent or eliminate infection and prevent tooth loss. A root canal procedure involves tooth disinfection and the removal of all debris (nerve tissue, lymph tissue, blood tissue, bacteria and infection) from the coronal pulp chamber and its associated canals. Once an affected tooth’s canals are sufficiently cleansed and shaped, they are filled with materials designed to prevent pain and infection from recurring. Signs of Infection Certain signs may indicate that you have a diseased tooth or infected nerve and therefore may need a root canal."
},
{
"docid": "D1006811#0",
"title": "http://dentalcarematters.com/dead-tooth/\nWorried About A Dead Tooth? â Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Explained",
"text": "Worried About A Dead Tooth? – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Explained Concerned about a dead tooth? Wondering how to spot this problem and what might be involved in treating it? Let’s take a look at the common questions…What Is a Dead Tooth? Simply put, it’s when the nerve (and other living tissue like blood cells) inside a tooth has died (or been removed as part of a root canal treatment). All ‘normal’ teeth have living tissue inside the pulp (the innermost part). This living tissue plays a role in the development of the teeth, and it’s the nerve part of the pulp that fires off when you have a toothache or drink something really cold. The problem is commonly seen in kids who fall and knock their baby teeth. The gray, dead teeth in this picture are due to trauma from a sports injury. So Is The Pulp Not Important?"
},
{
"docid": "D3206397#0",
"title": "https://www.westonaprice.org/health-topics/dentistry/root-canal-dangers/\nRoot Canal Dangers",
"text": "Root Canal Dangers June 25, 2010 By Hal Huggins, DDS, MS 60 Comments DNA Studies Confirm Dr. Weston Price’s Century-Old Findings Toxic dental materials have created much havoc in the dental profession, as well as in patient health, for nearly two centuries. Dental mercury fillings, nickel crowns (especially in children, called “chrome crowns”), root canals and cavitations have been the target of concern for a long time. Dental mercury was first exposed as a health-compromising product in 1840. The dental profession finally overcame the perception that putting toxic mercury in the mouth might be detrimental to human health; organized dentistry still considers the current fillings containing 50 percent mercury as “state of the art. ”The toxicity of root canals was disclosed by Mayo’s Clinic and Dr. Weston Price jointly back in about 1910. Close to a century ago. Price’s textbook on root canals, published in 1922, upset the dental associations at that time, and still does today. The American Dental Association (ADA), denies his findings and claims that they have proven root canals to be safe; however, no published data from the ADA is available to confirm this statement. Statements, but no actual research. My attention was drawn to the increase in autoimmune disease after the high-copper amalgams of 1975 were initiated as “state of the art” fillings, which ADA claimed released no mercury."
},
{
"docid": "D1276125#0",
"title": "http://m.kidshealth.org/en/parents/mouth-teeth.html\n.",
"text": "\"Listen A smile is the facial expression that most engages others. With the help of the teeth — which provide structural support for the face muscles — the mouth also forms a frown and other expressions that show on your face. The mouth also plays a key role in the digestive system, but it does much more than get digestion started. The mouth — especially the teeth, lips, and tongue — is essential for speech. The tongue, which allows us to taste, also helps form words when we speak. The lips that line the outside of the mouth both help hold food in while we chew and pronounce words when we talk.1/15Mouth and Teeth The mouth and teeth help with digestion by chopping up food, but they're also crucial for speech. Click through this slideshow to learn more about the mouth and teeth. Print this slide© 2018 The Nemours Foundation/Kids Health. All rights reserved. With the lips and tongue, teeth help form words by controlling air flow out of the mouth."
},
{
"docid": "D2542397#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth_extraction\nDental extraction",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Tooth extraction)navigation search Dental extraction Surgical extraction of an impacted molar ICD-9-CM 23.0 - 23.1Me SH D014081 [ edit on Wikidata]Extracted tooth Extracted wisdom tooth that was horizontally impactedtwo extracted teeth from a 14-year-old male, compared against a £1 coin, which has a diameter of 22.50 millimetres (0.89 inches)A dental extraction (also referred to as tooth extraction, exodontia, exodontics, or informally, tooth pulling) is the removal of teeth from the dental alveolus (socket) in the alveolar bone. Extractions are performed for a wide variety of reasons, but most commonly to remove teeth which have become unrestorable through tooth decay, periodontal disease or dental trauma, especially when they are associated with toothache. Sometimes wisdom teeth are impacted (stuck and unable to grow normally into the mouth) and may cause recurrent infections of the gum ( pericoronitis ). In orthodontics if the teeth are crowded, sound teeth may be extracted (often bicuspids) to create space so the rest of the teeth can be straightened. Tooth extraction is usually relatively straightforward, and the vast majority can be usually performed quickly while the individual is awake by using local anesthetic injections to eliminate painful sensations. Local anesthetic blocks pain, but mechanical forces are still felt. Some teeth are more difficult to remove for several reasons, especially related to the tooth's position, the shape of the tooth roots and the integrity of the tooth. Dental phobia is an issue for some individuals, and tooth extraction tends to be feared more than other dental treatments like fillings. If a tooth is buried in the bone, a surgical or trans alveolar approach may be required, which involves cutting the gum away and removal of the bone which is holding the tooth in with a surgical drill. After the tooth is removed, stitches are used to replace the gum into the normal position."
},
{
"docid": "D771277#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toothache\nToothache",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Toothache Synonyms Odontalgia, [1] dentalgia, [1] odontodynia, [1] odontogenic pain [2]: 396\"\"Thou hell o' a' diseases\"\" - William Hole 's illustration for Robert Burns ' poem Address to the Toothache (1897, poem circa 1786). Classification and external resources Specialty Dentistry ICD - 10 K08.8ICD - 9-CM 525.9Diseases DB 27698Me SH D014098 [ edit on Wikidata]Toothache, also known as dental pain, [3] is pain in the teeth and/or their supporting structures, caused by dental diseases or pain referred to the teeth by non-dental diseases. When severe it may impact sleep, eating, and other daily activities. Common causes include inflammation of the pulp, usually in response to tooth decay, dental trauma, or other factors, dentin hypersensitivity (short, sharp pain, usually associated with exposed root surfaces), apical periodontitis (inflammation of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone around the root apex), dental abscesses (localized collections of pus, such as apical abscess, pericoronal abscess, and periodontal abscess ), alveolar osteitis (\"\"dry socket\"\", a possible complication of tooth extraction, with loss of the blood clot and exposure of bone), acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (a gum infection, also called \"\"trenchmouth\"\"), temporomandibular disorder and others. Pulpitis is classified as reversible when the pain is mild to moderate and lasts for a short time after a stimulus (for instance, cold or sweet); or irreversible when the pain is severe, spontaneous, and lasts a long time after a stimulus. Left untreated, pulpitis may become irreversible, then progress to pulp necrosis (death of the pulp) and apical periodontitis. Abscesses usually cause throbbing pain. The apical abscess usually occurs after pulp necrosis, the pericoronal abscess is usually associated with acute pericoronitis of a lower wisdom tooth, and periodontal abscesses usually represent a complication of chronic periodontitis (gum disease). Less commonly, non-dental conditions can cause toothache, such as maxillary sinusitis, which can cause pain in the upper back teeth, or angina pectoris, which can cause pain in the lower teeth. Toothache is the most common type of pain in the mouth or face [4]: 125–135 It is one of the most common reasons for emergency dental appointments. ["
},
{
"docid": "D325962#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/87481335/digestive-system-chapter-23-flash-cards/\nDigestive system Chapter 23",
"text": "119 terms londraj13Digestive system Chapter 23Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortalimentary canal (gastrointestinal tract) the muscular digestive tube that winds through the body extending from the mouth to the anus.accessory digestive organs the teeth, tongue, gallbladder & various large digestive glands that lie external to & are connected to the alimentary canal & ducts which secrete saliva, bile, & digestive enzymes which contribute to the breakdown of foodstuffsingestion taking food in through the mouthpropulsion the movement of food through the alimentary canal which include swallowing, which is a voluntarily processperistalsis an involuntary process that includes alternate waves of contraction & relaxation of musculature in the organ walls. its net effect is to squeeze food from one organ to the next, but some mixing occur as well.mechanical digestion physically prepares food for chemical digestion by enzymes by breaking it into smaller pieces which include chewing churning of the food, & segmentationsegmentation the rhythmic local constrictions of the intestine. mixes food with digestive juices & increases the efficiency of nutrient absorption by repeatedly moving different parts of the food mass over the intestinal wall. alternately contract & relax, moving the food forward & then backward mixing food & slowly propelled.chemical digestion steps in which complex food molecules are broken down to their chemical building blocks or monomeres, adding enzymes to speed up the chemical breakdown occurs in mostly small intestine and stomachabsorption transport of digested end products from the lumen of the alimentary canal into the blood and lymphatic capillaries located on the wall of the canal where the small molecules & nutrients are absorbed into the bodydefecation the elimination of indigestible substances from the body.peritoneum slippery serous membrane that all divisions of the ventral body cavity contain.visceral peritoneum covers the external surfaces of most digestive organs continuous with the parietal peritoneum organs are covered by thisparietal peritoneum lines the body wallperitoneal cavity between the visceral and parietal peritonea is a slitlike potential space between the digestive organs & the abdominal body wall contains a lubricating serous fluid that is secreted by the peritoneum & allows digestive organs to glide easily along along one another & the body wall as they move during digestionmesentery double layer ligament of peritoneum a sheet of 2 serous membranes fused back to back that extends the digestive organs from the body wall. hold the organs in place, sites of fat storage, connect the visceral & parietal pariteneum (tunica) mucosa (mucosa membrane) the innermost layer of the alimentary canal which contains 3 sublayers (epithelium, lamina propria, & muscularis mucosae)lumen passagewayepithelium absorbs nutrients & secretes mucus. simple columnar non ciliatedlamina propria loose areolar connective tissue whose capillaries nourish the lining epithelium & absorb digested nutrientsmucosa associated lymphoid tissue tissue located in the lamina propria for defense of the immune systemgland in mucosa secrete digestive juices & mucous in the lamina propriamuscularis mucosae external to the lamina propria that is a thin layer of smooth muscle that produces local movements of the mucosasubmucosa a layer of connective tissue containing major blood & lymphatic vessels & nerve fibers. glands are located here that have a longer duct passing into the lumenmuscularis externa layer external to the submucosa that consists of 2 layers of smooth muscle that are responsible for peristalsis & segmentationcircular muscle layer in the muscularis externa whose fibers orient around the circumference of the canal that squeezes the gut tube, decreases & increases diameter of the lumenlongitudinal muscle layre in the muscularis externa whose orient around the length of the canal that shortens or lengthen the gut tube.the guts brain controls the muscularis externa by networks of nerves from the autonomic nervous system. develops before the somatic brain.submucosal plexus (meissner) one of the networks of the gut brain located in the submucosamyenteric plexus (auerbachs) one of the networks of the guts brain located between circular & longitudinal muscleserous the outer most layer of the intraperitoneal organs of the alimentary canal."
},
{
"docid": "D3382725#0",
"title": "https://www.toothiq.com/dental-diagnosis/reversible-pulpitis/\nReversible Pulpitis",
"text": "Home › Dental Diagnoses › Reversible Pulpitis Reversible Pulpitis What is Reversible Pulpitis The pulp (red area of sketch) consists of blood vessels, nerves, and many types of cells. Nerve tissue in teeth helps to warn us when there are bacterial invaders (tooth decay), cracks and chips, which can allow microorganisms access to our body’s circulatory system. Blood vessels in teeth bring nourishment to the living cells inside the teeth. For example, odontoblast cells living in the pulp continuously produce dentin (brown area of sketch) throughout the life of the tooth. Dentin is a calcified substance that can patch holes created by microscopic cracks, and build a dividing wall to slow the advance of bacteria found in tooth cavities. ( Sketch by Connor Lambrecht)Pulpitis is a general term for inflammation of the tooth pulp, which consists of the blood vessels, nerve tissue, and living cells that occupy the hollow interior of teeth (Figure 1). Pulpitis is characterized by tooth sensitivity that arises from excess blood flow (hyperemia) to the tooth. In some cases, the patient will complain of tenderness in the neck, under the jaw, or under the chin, where lymph nodes are located. Lymph nodes typically enlarge and become tender when there is infection nearby. Pulpitis can be caused by any adverse event experienced by the tooth, including decay ( caries ), traumatic injury (a sharp blow to the tooth), heavy biting forces, or drilling on the tooth during dental procedures."
},
{
"docid": "D344903#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/15385071/radiology-chapter-22-vocabulary-flash-cards/\nRadiology Chapter 22 Vocabulary",
"text": "64 terms knel2Radiology Chapter 22 Vocabulary Chapter 22 Vocabulary Radiology Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Sort That portion of the maxillary or mandibular bone that immediately surrounds and supports the roots of the dentition. Alveolar Bone The most coronal portion of the alveolar bone. Appears radiopaque when visible on a radiograph. Alveolar Process In dentistry, that part of the alveolar bone that forms the bony socket in which the roots of the tooth are held in position by fibers of the periodontal ligament. Alveolus The area at the posterior and inferior corners of the mandible, where the body of the mandible meets and joins the ascending ramus of the mandible. Angle of the Mandible A congenital absence of teeth. Any tooth in the dental arch may fail to develop. The teeth most frequently absent are the third molars, the premolars, and the maxillary lateral incisors. Anodontia V-shaped projection from the floor of the nasal fossa in the midline. Appears as a triangle-shaped radiopacity."
},
{
"docid": "D1215443#0",
"title": "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1899122-overview\nMouth Anatomy",
"text": "Drugs & Diseases > Anatomy Mouth Anatomy Updated: Sep 11, 2015Author: Apostolos Christopoulos, MD, MSc, FRCSC; Chief Editor: Arlen D Meyers, MD, MBA more... Share Email Feedback Sections Overview Gross Anatomy: Oral Vestibule Gross Anatomy: Oral Cavity Proper Microscopic Anatomy Musculature of Mastication Blood Supply and Lymphatic Drainage Innervation Natural Variants Pathophysiologic Variants Show All Media Gallery References Overview The oral cavity represents the first part of the digestive tube. Its primary function is to serve as the entrance of the alimentary tract and to initiate the digestive process by salivation and propulsion of the alimentary bolus into the pharynx. [ 1, 5] It also serves as a secondary respiratory conduit, a site of sound modification for the production of speech, and a chemosensory organ. [ 5]The mobility of the lips is also critical to speech production, whistling, singing, the playing of wind and brass musical instruments, expectoration, and human behavioral communication (eg, kissing, smiling, pouting, baring of teeth). [ 5] Even minor disruptions in the function of the oral cavity can seriously jeopardize an individual’s quality of life. [ 5]The oral cavity (see the image below) is oval shaped and is separated into the oral vestibule and the oral cavity proper. [ 2] It is bound by the lips anteriorly, the cheeks laterally, the floor of the mouth inferiorly, the oropharynx posteriorly, and the palate superiorly. [ 1] The oropharynx begins superiorly at the junction between the hard palate and the soft palate, and inferiorly behind the circumvallate papillae of the tongue. [ 3] The bony base of the oral cavity is represented by the maxillary and mandibular bones. [ 4]Schematic representation of oral cavity and floor of mouth."
},
{
"docid": "D1707344#0",
"title": "http://phs.psdr3.org/science/anatomy/notes/digestnotes.html\n.",
"text": "\"Digestion by definition is the process by which food substances are chemically changed into forms that can be absorbed through cell membranes. The digestive tract, also known as the alimentary canal, extends from the mouth to the anus and includes several accessory organs that release secretions into the canal. The primary organs include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Accessory organs include the salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, and the pancreas. The walls of the digestive tract contain four layers. The inner most layer is the mucous (mucosa) membrane. It serves to protect the other tissues by adding a layer of mucous and it also carries on absorption and secretion. The next layer is the submucosa which contains loose connective tissue along with blood vessels, lymphatic vessel, and nerves. The vessels serve to nourish surrounding tissues and to carry away absorbed materials. The next layer is the muscular layer that consists of two coats of smooth muscle tissue."
},
{
"docid": "D3162555#0",
"title": "http://www.teethremoval.com/complications.html\n.",
"text": "\"This information on wisdom teeth removal complications is based on authoritative medical resources, numerous articles found in medical journals, and information provided by dental professionals and medical doctors. See the References below for a complete list of sources. Wisdom teeth removal is a traumatic experience. Check out the links and articles sections for more information. Proverbs 2:6: \"\"For the Lord gives wisdom, and from his mouth come knowledge and understanding. \"\" Wisdom Teeth Removal Complications What are the risks of an operation to remove impacted wisdom teeth? The information presented on this site is of personal opinion and consequently is slanted and biased and not based on proper scientific research. The information presented is NOT written by a dental expert. Further the information presented has NOT been subjected to peer review by experts to verify accuracy and data integrity. All operations have risks, and the surgeon performing the surgery should discuss some things that could go wrong."
},
{
"docid": "D2897450#0",
"title": "http://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/oral-care/procedures/root-canal-procedure.htm\nRoot Canal Procedure",
"text": "NEXTDuring a root canal, your dentist cleans out the interior of the tooth, shown here in a cross section.©Ethan Janson/ Getty Images Guess how many American adults have had tooth decay in their permanent teeth. One third? One half? In fact, 92 percent of Americans ages 20 to 64 have had a cavity as an adult, and just shy of a quarter of that age group have untreated tooth decay [source: NIDCR ]. Tooth decay is, undeniably, a common problem. While surface decay can usually be treated with a filling, a tooth with deep decay -- or one that has been severely injured by accident or the trauma of recurrent dental work -- may become unhealthy, inflamed or infected. Left untreated, an infection may spread to the surrounding tissue and an abscess may form. While there was a time when there was no other choice than to pull a dying tooth, dentists today try to help patients keep their natural teeth for as long as possible. One of the most common dental procedures is intended to give a tooth a second chance by treating the inflammation and infection from the inside: the root canal procedure. During a root canal procedure, decay is removed, the inside of the tooth is cleaned and filled, and the outside of the tooth is sealed and capped."
},
{
"docid": "D2071808#0",
"title": "http://antranik.org/the-vertebral-column/\nThe Vertebral Column",
"text": "You are here: Home / Science / Anatomy / The Vertebral Column The Vertebral Column By Antranik 0 Comments As far as the spine is concerned, we start with 33 bones as infants. The bottom 3-5 (variable in every person) fuse to form the coccyx and the 5 bones above the coccyx fuse to form the sacrum. As adults we have 26 bones. The bones get larger as you get toward the bottom, indicative of the weight it needs to support (there’s more weight in your torso than above your shoulders for example.) The curvatures alternate to help with the shock absorption. Primary curves: The thoracic and sacral curves are already in place when you’re born because you have ribs attached to the thoracic. They are called the primary curvatures because they are present at birth. The cervical and lumbar curves are called secondary curvatures because they develop in the first 2 years. When a baby is born they can’t hold up their head. As a baby uses their head, they start to build the cervical muscles attached to their head, so the cervical curve develops."
},
{
"docid": "D304724#0",
"title": "https://www.sharecare.com/health/teeth-basics/different-parts-tooth\nWhat are the parts of a tooth?",
"text": "Health Corps Administration The structure of a tooth is as follows: The crown is the hard part of the tooth that you can see. It is made of enamel. The neck is where the tooth and the gum come together. The root is embedded in bone and contains blood vessels and nerves. William M. Litaker Jr., DDSDentist The top part of the tooth is the crown. This is the part that is visible in your mouth. The bottom part of the tooth is the root. A tooth is composed of the outer layer of the crown called enamel, the middle layer called dentin, and the inside layer called the pulp. The pulp contains the nerves and blood vessels for the tooth. The outer layer of the root is the called the cementum."
},
{
"docid": "D58500#0",
"title": "http://www.intelligentdental.com/2010/10/03/nerve-damage-symptom-in-teeth/\nNerve Damage Symptom in Teeth",
"text": "Nerve Damage Symptom in Teeth2 Repliesnerve damage symptoms When infection damages the nerves inside the teeth, the symptoms are easy to notice and often painful. But that’s a good thing, because untreated nerve damage can lead to severe pain and even tooth loss. Dental surgeons can fix the problem before it becomes serious, so knowing when you have nerve damage can help you avoid its complications. What is a tooth nerve? The oral cavity is made up of an average of 32 to 36 teeth. Each tooth has its own function: grinding, masticating, cutting, shearing, and so on. The tooth nerve is called and referred to as the dental pulp. It is a complex organ composed of connective tissues, blood vessels, and nerve axons. It is pinkish in color and soft in nature. Its original function is in the development of and formation of the teeth themselves."
},
{
"docid": "D623798#0",
"title": "https://www.medicinenet.com/root_canal/article.htm\nWhat is a root canal?",
"text": "What is a root canal? A root canal is a treatment of the pulp of the tooth that is inflamed, infected, or dead. The dental pulp is a soft substance in the center of the tooth that consists of the nerve, blood vessels, and connective tissue. The pulp chamber is the hollow part in the center of the tooth that contains the pulp, and it continues down canals that extend through the roots of teeth and into the surrounding bone. Some roots have more than one root canal, but all have at least one canal. Root canal treatment (RCT) and endodontic treatment are the more correct terms for a procedure that treats the nerve of the tooth. Endodontics is a specialty of dentistry that deals specifically with the tooth pulp and tissues surrounding the root of the tooth. A root canal problem may be treated by a general dentist or by an endodontist. An endodontist is a dentist who has gone to multiple years of specialty training after dental school to focus exclusively on root canal treatments. General dentists are qualified to perform root canals but may refer a patient to an endodontist if the tooth is particularly complicated or is being treated for the second time."
},
{
"docid": "D93238#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_extraction\nDental extraction",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Dental extraction Surgical extraction of an impacted molar ICD-9-CM 23.0 - 23.1Me SH D014081 [ edit on Wikidata]Extracted tooth Extracted wisdom tooth that was horizontally impactedtwo extracted teeth from a 14-year-old male, compared against a £1 coin, which has a diameter of 22.50 millimetres (0.89 inches)A dental extraction (also referred to as tooth extraction, exodontia, exodontics, or informally, tooth pulling) is the removal of teeth from the dental alveolus (socket) in the alveolar bone. Extractions are performed for a wide variety of reasons, but most commonly to remove teeth which have become unrestorable through tooth decay, periodontal disease or dental trauma, especially when they are associated with toothache. Sometimes wisdom teeth are impacted (stuck and unable to grow normally into the mouth) and may cause recurrent infections of the gum ( pericoronitis ). In orthodontics if the teeth are crowded, sound teeth may be extracted (often bicuspids) to create space so the rest of the teeth can be straightened. Tooth extraction is usually relatively straightforward, and the vast majority can be usually performed quickly while the individual is awake by using local anesthetic injections to eliminate painful sensations. Local anesthetic blocks pain, but mechanical forces are still felt. Some teeth are more difficult to remove for several reasons, especially related to the tooth's position, the shape of the tooth roots and the integrity of the tooth. Dental phobia is an issue for some individuals, and tooth extraction tends to be feared more than other dental treatments like fillings. If a tooth is buried in the bone, a surgical or trans alveolar approach may be required, which involves cutting the gum away and removal of the bone which is holding the tooth in with a surgical drill. After the tooth is removed, stitches are used to replace the gum into the normal position."
},
{
"docid": "D2281351#0",
"title": "http://www.toothiq.com/dental-diagnosis/reversible-pulpitis/\nReversible Pulpitis",
"text": "Home › Dental Diagnoses › Reversible Pulpitis Reversible Pulpitis What is Reversible Pulpitis The pulp (red area of sketch) consists of blood vessels, nerves, and many types of cells. Nerve tissue in teeth helps to warn us when there are bacterial invaders (tooth decay), cracks and chips, which can allow microorganisms access to our body’s circulatory system. Blood vessels in teeth bring nourishment to the living cells inside the teeth. For example, odontoblast cells living in the pulp continuously produce dentin (brown area of sketch) throughout the life of the tooth. Dentin is a calcified substance that can patch holes created by microscopic cracks, and build a dividing wall to slow the advance of bacteria found in tooth cavities. ( Sketch by Connor Lambrecht)Pulpitis is a general term for inflammation of the tooth pulp, which consists of the blood vessels, nerve tissue, and living cells that occupy the hollow interior of teeth (Figure 1). Pulpitis is characterized by tooth sensitivity that arises from excess blood flow (hyperemia) to the tooth. In some cases, the patient will complain of tenderness in the neck, under the jaw, or under the chin, where lymph nodes are located. Lymph nodes typically enlarge and become tender when there is infection nearby. Pulpitis can be caused by any adverse event experienced by the tooth, including decay ( caries ), traumatic injury (a sharp blow to the tooth), heavy biting forces, or drilling on the tooth during dental procedures."
},
{
"docid": "D2187697#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp_(tooth)\nPulp (tooth)",
"text": "\"This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( August 2008) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Pulp (tooth)Section of a human molar Details Identifiers Latin pulpa dentis Me SH D003782TA A05.1.03.051FMA 55631Anatomical terminology [ edit on Wikidata]The dental pulp is the part in the center of a tooth made up of living connective tissue and cells called odontoblasts. The dental pulp is a part of the dentin–pulp complex (endodontium). [ 1] The vitality of the dentin-pulp complex, both during health and after injury, depends on pulp cell activity and the signaling processes that regulate the cell’s behavior. [ 2]Contents [ hide ]1 Anatomy2 Development3 Internal structure3.1 The plexus of Raschkow4 Functions5 Pulp Testing6 Reversible Pulpitis6.1 Common Causes [6]6.2 Symptoms [6]6.3 Prevention [6]7 Irreversible Pulpitis8 Complications9 See also10 References11 External links Anatomy [ edit]Pulps of two extracted, not fully developed wisdom teeth, photographed from below. The pulp is the neurovascular bundle central to each tooth, permanent or primary. It comprises a central pulp chamber, pulp horns and radicular canals. The large mass of pulp is contained within the pulp chamber, which is contained in and mimics the overall shape of the crown of the tooth. ["
}
] |
8712 | _____ is the most abundant class of antibodies in serum | [
{
"docid": "D284715#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_G\nImmunoglobulin G",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. Please help improve it to make it understandable to non-experts, without removing the technical details. ( January 2015) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Immunoglobulin G ( Ig G) is a type of antibody. Representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, Ig G is the most common type of antibody found in the circulation. [ 1] Ig G molecules are created and released by plasma B cells. Each Ig G has two antigen binding sites. Contents [ hide ]1 Function2 Structure3 Subclasses4 Role in diagnosis5 See also6 References7 External links Function [ edit]Antibodies are major components of humoral immunity. Ig G is the main type of antibody found in blood and extracellular fluid allowing it to control infection of body tissues. By binding many kinds of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, Ig G protects the body from infection. It does this through several mechanisms: Ig G-mediated binding of pathogens causes their immobilization and binding together via agglutination; Ig G coating of pathogen surfaces (known as opsonization) allows their recognition and ingestion by phagocytic immune cells leading to the elimination of the pathogen itself;Ig G activates the classical pathway of the complement system, a cascade of immune protein production that results in pathogen elimination;Ig G also binds and neutralizes toxins;Ig G also plays an important role in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and intracellular antibody-mediated proteolysis, in which it binds to TRIM21 (the receptor with greatest affinity to Ig G in humans) in order to direct marked virions to the proteasome in the cytosol; [2]Ig G is also associated with type II and type III hypersensitivity reactions."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1990204#0",
"title": "http://www.easynotecards.com/print_list/29578?fs=0&dis=1\nPrint Options",
"text": "1. They are involved in activating T cells. Which of the following statements concerning antigen-presenting cells is true?2. ( 1) Immunoglobulin receptors on the B cell recognize and bind the antigen. ( 2) An antigen fragment in complex with MHC class 2 is displayed on the B cell's surface. ( 3) The MHC-antigen complex binds a receptor on a TH cell. ( 4) The TH cell secretes cytokines that activate the B cell. What is the correct sequence of events for activation of a B cell by a T-dependent antigen?3. Ig MIf a patient has been exposed to an antigen for the first time, which class of immunoglobulin appears first?4. Cytotoxic T-cells Which type of cell directly attacks infected cells?5."
},
{
"docid": "D2913325#0",
"title": "http://www.biologydiscussion.com/biology/antibodies-characteristics-and-functions-of-immunoglobulins-igs-or-antibodies/1455\nAntibodies: Characteristics and Functions of Immunoglobulinâs (Igs) or Antibodies",
"text": "Antibodies: Characteristics and Functions of Immunoglobulin’s (Igs) or Antibodies Article Shared by ADVERTISEMENTS: Antibodies: Characteristics and Functions of Immunoglobulin’s (Igs) or Antibodies!Definition: Antibodies are immunoglobulin’s (Igs) which are produced in the body in response to the antigen or foreign bodies. ADVERTISEMENTS: Thus all antibodies are immunoglobulin’s but all immunoglobulin’s are not antibodies. Location and Formation: The antibodies may be bound to a cell membrane or they may remain free. Antibodies are produced by В lymphocytes and plasma cells. In fact B-lymphocytes get transformed into plasma cells. The mature plasma cell produces antibodies at an extremely rapid rate— about 2000 molecules per second. Antibodies direct the antibody- mediated immunity (= humoral immunity). Types of Antibodies: There are five types of antibodies viz: ADVERTISEMENTS:1. Ig A (Ig alpha);2. Ig D (Ig delta);3."
},
{
"docid": "D1322807#0",
"title": "https://www.bio-rad-antibodies.com/immunoglobulins-classes-subclasses.html\nImmunoglobulins: Classes and Subclasses",
"text": "Immunoglobulins: Classes and Subclasses Author: Misha Rahman, Ph. D. There are five immunoglobulin classes (isotypes) of antibody molecules found in serum: Ig G, Ig M, Ig A, Ig E and Ig D. They are distinguished by the type of heavy chain they contain. Ig G molecules possess heavy chains known as γ-chains; Ig Ms have μ-chains; Ig As have α-chains; Ig Es have ε-chains; and Ig Ds have δ-chains. The variation in heavy chain polypeptides allows each immunoglobulin class to function in a different type of immune response or during a different stage of the body’s defense. The amino acid sequences that confer these functional differences are located mainly within the Fc domain. Antibody classes also differ in their valency, i.e. the number of arms available to bind antigen. This arises from the ability of certain immunoglobulins to form multimers through linkage of their Fc domains via a J chain. For example, Ig M is a pentamer of five identical “Y” shaped monomers. Therefore, the complete Ig M protein contains 10 heavy chains, 10 light chains and 10 antigen binding arms (giving Ig M a valency of 10). Access the links below for each of the five primary classes to view their properties: Ig A (immunoglobin A)Ig D (immunoglobin D)Ig E (immunoglobin E)Ig G (immunoglobin G)Ig M (immunoglobin M)Human Immunoglobulin Classes and Subclasses In humans, there are only two kinds of light chains – κ and λ (based on subtle amino acid differences in the V Land C Lregions )."
},
{
"docid": "D2661687#0",
"title": "http://www.microbiologybook.org/mayer/IgStruct2000.htm\n.",
"text": "\"x x INFECTIOUS DISEASEBACTERIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY MYCOLOGY PARASITOLOGY VIROLOGYSLOVAKIMMUNOLOGY - CHAPTER FOURIMMUNOGLOBULINS - STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONGene Mayer, Ph. DEmertius Professor of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology University of South Carolina VIETNAMESETURKISHFRANCAISPORTUGUESSHQIPLet us know what you think FEEDBACKSEARCHSHARE BOOKMARK PRINT THIS PAGELogo image © Jeffrey Nelson, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois and The Microbe Library TEACHING OBJECTIVESTo discuss the general properties of all immunoglobulins To describe the basic structure of immunoglobulins To relate immunoglobulin structure with function To define immunoglobulin hypervariable and framework regions To define immunoglobulin classes and subclasses, types and subtypes To describe the structures and properties of immunoglobulin classes Figure 1Electrophoretic separation of serum proteins DEFINITIONImmunoglobulin (Ig)Immunoglobulins are glycoprotein molecules that are produced by plasma cells in response to an immunogen and which function as antibodies. The immunoglobulins derive their name from the finding that they migrate with globular proteins when antibody-containing serum is placed in an electrical field (Figure 1). GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF IMMUNOGLOBULINSAntigen binding Immunoglobulins bind specifically to one or a few closely related antigens. Each immunoglobulin actually binds to a specific antigenic determinant. Antigen binding by antibodies is the primary function of antibodies and can result in protection of the host. The valency of antibody refers to the number of antigenic determinants that an individual antibody molecule can bind. The valency of all antibodies is at least two and in some instances more. Effector Functions Frequently the binding of an antibody to an antigen has no direct biological effect. Rather, the significant biological effects are a consequence of secondary \"\"effector functions\"\" of antibodies."
},
{
"docid": "D1581810#0",
"title": "https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/antibodies/antibodies-learning-center/antibodies-resource-library/antibody-methods/antibody-production-immunogen-preparation.html\nAntibody Production (Immunogen Preparation)",
"text": "\"Home › Life Sciences › Antibodies › Antibodies Learning Center › Antibodies Resource Library › Antibody Methods › Antibody Production (Immunogen Preparation)Antibody Production (Immunogen Preparation)The production of specific antibody probes is a relatively straightforward process involving immunization of animals and reliance upon their immune systems to levy responses that result in biosynthesis of antibodies against the injected molecule. Even so, several factors affect the probability of inducing an immunized animal to produce useful amounts of target-specific antibodies. Antigens must be prepared and delivered in a form and manner that maximizes production of a specific immune response by the animal. This is called immunogen preparation. Page contents Introduction The immune system Immunogenicity Carrier proteins Hapten-carrier conjugation Adjuvants and immunization Hapten-specific antibody screening and purification View and select products Antibodies Antibody Production Antibody Purification Antibody Labeling Immunoassays and Antibody Applications Introduction Antibody production is conceptually simple. However, because it depends upon such a complex biological system (immunity of a living organism), results are not entirely predictable. Individual animals—even those that are genetically identical—will respond uniquely to the same immunization scheme, generating different suites of specific antibodies against an injected antigen. Even so, equipped with a basic understanding of how the immune system responds to injection of a foreign substance and a knowledge of available tools for preparing a sample for injection, researchers can greatly increase the probability of obtaining a useful antibody product. For example, small compounds (drugs or peptides) are not sufficiently complex by themselves to induce an immune response or be processed in a manner that elicits production of specific antibodies. For antibody production to be successful with small antigens, they must be chemically conjugated with immunogenic carrier proteins such as keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)."
},
{
"docid": "D1537227#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/22565995/chapter-17-blood-flash-cards/\nChapter 17: Blood",
"text": "\"21 terms andrewchaoyido Chapter 17: Blood Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort List the three main components of a cetrifuged blood sample compare their relative abundance Plasma - 55% Least dense Buffy coat - <1% Leukocytes & Platelets Erythrocytes - 45% most dense Define Hematocrit and serum Hematocrit - % of erythrocytes in whole blood (F 37-46%; M 42-54%) Serum - Clear watery fluid remaining after the clotting proteins are removed from the plasma Describe the composition and physical characteristics of whole blood. Explain why it is classified as a connective tissue p H - 7.35-7.45 Volume - 4-6L Viscosity - 3-5 Temperature - 38 C ECM, cells and arises from mesenchyme Describe the general functions of blood Transport - Delivery of nutrients and oxygen. Removal of metabolic waste. Distribution of hormones Regulation - Body fluid p H, volume Protection - Clotting mechanism, Immune fuction Define colloid osmotic pressure and describe the composition and function of plasma including the various types of plasma proteins and their functions Colloid osmotic pressure - Pulls the fluid back into the veins Colloid - contains proteins in the plasma, blood is also a solution since stuff is dissolved in it. Albumin - smallest most abundant of plasma proteins, exerts greatest colloid osmotic pressure, transport protein Globulin - alpha, beta & gamma (Ig G) Fibriogen - clotting protein, serum is plasma with fibriogen removed Regulatory proteins - Enzymes, some hormones Describe the structure, function and production of erythrocytes. Erythrocytes - red blood cells, Formed elements. Biconcave, lack nuclei and most organelles, filled with hemoglobin. Biconcave - Large surface area ratio, Enables RBC's to form stacks that flow through narrow blood vessels (Rouleau) Enables RBC's to flex, using spectrin protein Hematopoiesis -Blood formation, occurs in the red bone, starts with hemocytoblast Begins with hemocytoblast, then reticulocytes and finally erythrocytes."
},
{
"docid": "D1988526#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/11950227/ap-chapter-21-lymphatic-system-flash-cards/\nAP Chapter 21: Lymphatic System",
"text": "\"146 terms a_folck AP Chapter 21: Lymphatic System Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Try diagrams on Quizlet!See what you're learning in a whole new way. Browse diagrams Sort Lymphatic System Resistance to disease and has two intrinsic systems: • Innate (nonspecific) defense system • Adaptive (specific) defense system Innate Defense System Two lines of defense • First line of defense is external body membranes (skin and mucosae) • Second line of defense is antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes, and other cells by: Inhibit spread of invaders Inflammation is its most important mechanism Adaptive Defense System Third line of defense attacks particular foreign substances by: Takes longer to react than the innate system and innate and adaptive defenses are deeply intertwined. Surface Barriers Part of internal defense by the Skin, mucous membranes, and their secretions by physical barrier to most microorganisms, keratin is resistant to weak acids and bases, bacterial enzymes, and toxins and mucosae provide similar mechanical barriers plus Protective chemicals inhibit or destroy microorganisms • Skin acidity • Lipids in sebum and dermcidin in sweat • HCl and protein-digesting enzymes of stomach mucosae • Lysozyme of saliva and lacrimal fluid • Mucus Respiratory System Modifications Mucus-coated hairs in the nose and cilia of upper respiratory tract sweep dust- and bacteria-laden mucus from lower respiratory passages. Internal Defenses: Cells and Chemicals Necessary if microorganisms invade deeper tissues by: • Phagocytes • Natural killer (NK) cells • Inflammatory response (macrophages, mast cells, WBCs, and inflammatory chemicals) • Antimicrobial proteins (interferons and complement proteins) • Fever Phagocytes: Macrophages Develop from monocytes to become the chief phagocytic cells Free macrophages wander through tissue spaces • E.g., alveolar macrophages Fixed macrophages are permanent residents of some organs • E.g., Kupffer cells (liver) and microglia (brain)Neutrophils Become phagocytic on encountering infectious material in tissues. Adherence of Phagocyte to Pathogen Facilitated by opsonization—coating of pathogen by complement proteins or antibodies. Destruction of Pathogens Acidification and digestion by lysosomal enzymes by: • Respiratory burst • Release of cell-killing free radicals • Activation of additional enzymes • Oxidizing chemicals (e.g. H2O2) • Defensins (in neutrophils)Natural Killer (NK) Cells Large granular lymphocytes, target cells that lack \"\"self\"\" cell-surface receptors, induce apoptosis in cancer cells and virus- infected cells, and secrete potent chemicals that enhance the inflammatory response. Inflammatory Response Triggered whenever body tissues are injured or infected, prevents the spread of damaging agents, disposes of cell debris and pathogens, sets the stage for repair, Cardinal signs of acute inflammation: 1. Redness 2. Heat 3. Swelling 4."
},
{
"docid": "D256150#0",
"title": "http://www-users.med.cornell.edu/~jawagne/Antibody_Approaches.html\n.",
"text": "\"Making and using antibodies Go to: dictionary | proteins | c DNAs | DNA & genes | bioinformatics | logic & exptl design (home page) | GPIN home Page Scope and objective Antibodies Antigens Thinking about antibody-antigen interactions Making polyclonal antibodies (antiserum)Making monoclonal antibodies Uses of antibodies Antibody Specificity Suitability of antibodies for different purposes Scope and objective. Biological scientists have used antibodies for many years to study proteins; but, as is the case with protein purification and recombinant DNA technology, the ways antibodies are produced and used has led to an increasingly powerful technology. The purpose of this section is to discuss the way these antibodies are produced and how they can be used. We will skirt the basic biology of the immune system as much as possible, but we must note that the discovery of how organisms have developed methods to generate millions of potential antibodies reacting with millions of potential antigens is an intellectual triumph that would bring delight to any biological scientist. The combination of using multiple alleles which undergo specific recombination events and are further modified by somatic cell mutation is a fascinating story and the way the body controls this process will certainly be an object of study for decades to come, but these topics are appropriate to a course devoted to immunology. Antibodies. Antibodies* actually include several classes of molecules some of which like the Ig A are designed for secretion in the bodily fluids while others, like the Ig M are designed to be expressed on the cell surface. The antibody that is most useful in biological studies is the Ig G class, a protein molecule that is made and secreted and can recognize specific antigens. The Ig G is composed of two subunits including two \"\"heavy\"\" chains and two \"\"light\"\" chains. These are assembled in a symmetrical structure and each Ig G has two identical antigen recognition domains."
},
{
"docid": "D2211396#0",
"title": "http://www.ebioscience.com/knowledge-center/antigen/immunoglobulin/iga.htm\nImmunoglobulin IgA Class",
"text": "Ig A exists in serum in both monomeric and dimeric forms, comprising approximately 15% of the total serum Ig. Secretory Ig A, a dimer, provides the primary defense mechanism against some local infections because of its abundance in mucosal secretions (e.g., saliva and tears). The principal function of secretory Ig A may be not to destroy antigens but to prevent passage of foreign substances into the circulatory system. Properties of Ig A: Molecular weight: 320,000 (secretory)H-chain type (MW): alpha (55,000)Serum concentration: 1 to 4 mg/m LPercent of total immunoglobulin: 15%Glycosylation (by weight): 10%Distribution: intravascular and secretions Function: protect mucus membranes The role of Ig A in the immune response Ig A comprises approximately 15% of all immunoglobulins in healthy serum. Two Ig A subtypes exist in humans, Ig A1 und Ig A2, while mice have only one subclass. They differ in the molecular mass of the heavy chains and in their concentration in serum. Ig A in serum is mainly monomeric, but in secretions, such as saliva, tears, colostrums, mucus, sweat, and gastric fluid, Ig A is found as a dimer connected by a joining peptide. Most Ig A is present in secreted form. This is believed to be due to its properties in preventing invading pathogens by attaching and penetrating epithelial surfaces. Ig A is a very weak complement-activating antibody; hence, it does not induce bacterial cell lysis via the complement system."
},
{
"docid": "D3445767#0",
"title": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03459.x/full\nHigh sensitivity and specificity of the C6-peptide ELISA on cerebrospinal fluid in Lyme neuroborreliosis patients",
"text": "ORIGINAL ARTICLEHigh sensitivity and specificity of the C6-peptide ELISA on cerebrospinal fluid in Lyme neuroborreliosis patients Authors N. D. van Burgel,Close author notes) Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden Search for more papers by this author A. Brandenburg,Close author notes) IZORE, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leeuwarden Search for more papers by this author H. J. Gerritsen,Close author notes) Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden Search for more papers by this author A. C. M. Kroes,Close author notes) Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden Search for more papers by this author A. P. van Dam Close author notes) Department of Medical Microbiology, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Search for more papers by this author First published: 7 March 2011 Full publication history DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03459.x View/save citation Cited by: 2 articles Citation tools Corresponding author: N. D. van Burgel, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands E-mail: N. [email protected] Abstract Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17: 1495–1500Abstract Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is a serious but treatable disease. The diagnosis of LNB poses a challenge to clinicians, and improved tests are needed. The C6-peptide ELISA is frequently used on serum but not on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Data on the sensitivity of the C6-peptide ELISA in CSF in patients suffering from LNB have been conflicting. Serum–CSF pairs from 59 LNB patients, 36 Lyme non-neuroborreliosis cases, 69 infectious meningitis/encephalitis controls and 74 neurological controls were tested in a C6-peptide ELISA. With the optimal cut-off of 1.1, the sensitivity of the C6-peptide ELISA for LNB patients in CSF was 95%, and the specificity was 83% in the Lyme non-neuroborreliosis patients, 96% in the infectious controls, and 97% in the neurological controls. These results suggest that the C6-peptide ELISA has a high sensitivity and good specificity for the diagnosis of LNB patients in CSF. The C6-peptide ELISA can be used on CSF in a clinical setting to screen for LNB. Introduction Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is the neurological manifestation of an infection with the tick-borne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl). LNB can present with many neurological signs, varying from facial nerve paralysis and Bannwarth’s syndrome to a range of neurological disorders [ 1,2 ]."
},
{
"docid": "D2211064#0",
"title": "http://www.ebioscience.com/knowledge-center/antigen/immunoglobulin/igg.htm\nImmunoglobulin IgG Class",
"text": "Ig G, a monomer, is the predominant Ig class present in human serum. Produced as part of the secondary immune response to an antigen, this class of immunoglobulin constitutes approximately 75% of total serum Ig. Ig G is the only class of Ig that can cross the placenta in humans, and it is largely responsible for protection of the newborn during the first months of life. Because of its relative abundance and excellent specificity toward antigens, Ig G is the principle antibody used in immunological research and clinical diagnostics. Properties of Ig G: Molecular weight: 150,000H-chain type (MW): gamma (53,000)Serum concentration: 10 to 16 mg/m LPercent of total immunoglobulin: 75%Glycosylation (by weight): 3%Distribution: intra- and extravascular Function: secondary response Page contents The role of Ig G in the immune response Ig G subclasses View and select products Isotype Control Antibodies Antibody Isotyping and Characterization Products Antibody Purification Products The role of Ig G in the immune response Ig G is the major immunoglobulin in blood, lymph fluid, cerebrospinal fluid and peritoneal fluid and a key player in the humoral immune response. Serum Ig G in healthy humans presents approximately 15% of total protein beside albumins, enzymes, other globulins and many more. The Fc portion of Ig G, but not F (ab´)2 or Fab fragments, can cross the placenta of a mother and enter fetal circulation, providing the fetus with postpartum protection. Ig G molecules are able to react with Fcγ receptors that are present on the surface of macrophages, neutrophils and natural killer cells, and can activate the complement system. The binding of the Fc portion of Ig G to the receptor present on a phagocyte is a critical step in the opsonization. Phagocytosis of particles coated with Ig G antibodies is a vital mechanism that cells use to cope with microorganisms."
},
{
"docid": "D284712#0",
"title": "https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/antibodies/antibodies-learning-center/antibodies-resource-library/antibody-methods/immunoglobulin-igg-class.html\nImmunoglobulin IgG Class",
"text": "Ig G, a monomer, is the predominant Ig class present in human serum. Produced as part of the secondary immune response to an antigen, this class of immunoglobulin constitutes approximately 75% of total serum Ig. Ig G is the only class of Ig that can cross the placenta in humans, and it is largely responsible for protection of the newborn during the first months of life. Because of its relative abundance and excellent specificity toward antigens, Ig G is the principle antibody used in immunological research and clinical diagnostics. Properties of Ig G: Molecular weight: 150,000H-chain type (MW): gamma (53,000)Serum concentration: 10 to 16 mg/m LPercent of total immunoglobulin: 75%Glycosylation (by weight): 3%Distribution: intra- and extravascular Function: secondary response Page contents The role of Ig G in the immune response Ig G subclasses View and select products Isotype Control Antibodies Antibody Isotyping and Characterization Products Antibody Purification Products The role of Ig G in the immune response Ig G is the major immunoglobulin in blood, lymph fluid, cerebrospinal fluid and peritoneal fluid and a key player in the humoral immune response. Serum Ig G in healthy humans presents approximately 15% of total protein beside albumins, enzymes, other globulins and many more. The Fc portion of Ig G, but not F (ab´)2 or Fab fragments, can cross the placenta of a mother and enter fetal circulation, providing the fetus with postpartum protection. Ig G molecules are able to react with Fcγ receptors that are present on the surface of macrophages, neutrophils and natural killer cells, and can activate the complement system. The binding of the Fc portion of Ig G to the receptor present on a phagocyte is a critical step in the opsonization. Phagocytosis of particles coated with Ig G antibodies is a vital mechanism that cells use to cope with microorganisms."
},
{
"docid": "D681317#0",
"title": "http://biology.about.com/od/molecularbiology/ss/antibodies.htm\nHow Antibodies Defend Your Body",
"text": "Science, Tech, Math ›Science How Antibodies Defend Your Body Share Flipboard Email Print Immunoglobulin G is the most abundant immunoglobulin and is found in all body fluids. Each Y-shaped molecule has two arms (top) that can bind to specific antigens. In doing this they mark the antigen for destruction by phagocytes, white blood cells that ingest and destroy foreign bodies. Antibodies can also kill some pathogens directly, and can neutralize toxins. ALFRED PASIEKA/Science Photo Library/Getty Imagesby Regina Bailey Updated October 24, 2017Antibodies (also called immunoglobulins) are specialized proteins that travel thorough the blood stream and are found in bodily fluids. They are utilized by the immune system to identify and defend against foreign intruders to the body. These foreign intruders, or antigens, include any substance or organism that evokes an immune response. Bacteria , viruses , pollen, and incompatible blood cell types are examples of antigens that cause immune responses. Antibodies recognize specific antigens by identifying certain areas on the surface of the antigen known as antigenic determinants. Once the specific antigenic determinant is recognized, the antibody will bind to the determinant."
},
{
"docid": "D672742#0",
"title": "http://www.invivogen.com/review-iga\nImmunoglobulin A - Review",
"text": "Home Review List Immunoglobulin A Immunoglobulin A - Review Immunoglobulin A - Review2011Secretory Ig A and the mucosal immune system The mucosal surfaces represent the largest area of exposure of the body to external pathogens. Immunoglobulin A (Ig A), in its secretory form, is the main effector of the mucosal immune system and provides an important first line of defense against most pathogens that invade the body at a mucosal surface [1]. Secretory Ig A (SIg A) represents the most abundant immunoglobulin of body secretions such as saliva, tears, colostrum and gastrointestinal secretions. The molecular stability and effector immune functions make SIg A particularly well suited to provide mucosal protection against pathogens. SIg A is produced by plasma cells predominantly as polymeric Ig A (p Ig A) consisting of two or more monomers linked by the J (joining) chain. p Ig A is actively transported by the epithelial polymeric Ig receptor (p Ig R) and released into mucosal secretions with a bound secretory component (the extracellular domain of the p Ig R) that protects the molecule from proteolytic enzymes. Ig A mediates a variety of protective functions [2, 3]. Luminal SIg A is believed to interfere with pathogen adherence to mucosal epithelial cells, a process called immune exclusion. In addition, Ig A appears to have two other defense functions: intracellular neutralization, and virus excretion. Ig A is also found as a monomer in the serum where it may function as a second line of defence by eliminating pathogens that have breached the mucosal surface. Serum Ig A interacts with an Fc receptor called FcαR1 triggering antibody-dependent-cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Therapeutic Ig ADue to their specific effector functions, Ig A present an interesting therapeutic potential for mucosal protection against virus and bacteria."
},
{
"docid": "D14161#0",
"title": "http://www.wellness.com/reference/allergies/antibody-deficiencies\nAntibody deficiencies",
"text": "Antibody deficienciesbackground Antibody deficiencies, also called immunoglobulin deficiency syndromes, are immune system disorders that are characterized by low or absent levels of immunoglobulin in the blood. Immunoglobulins (Ig) are antibodies that play an essential role in the body's immune system. They detect and bind to foreign substances (like bacteria, viruses, fungi, or allergens) that enter the body. This signals other immune cells to destroy the foreign substance. The antibodies are present in the bloodstream or bound to the outer surfaces of B-cells or plasma cells. There are five classes of immunoglobulins: Ig A, Ig D, Ig E, Ig G, and Ig M. Patients who have antibody deficiencies may have reduced or absent levels of one or more types of immunoglobulin. In most cases, the cause of antibody deficiency is unknown, although some disorders may be genetic (passed down from parent to child). Immunoglobulin A (Ig A) antibodies are primarily found in the nose, airway passages, digestive tract, ears, eyes, saliva, tears, and vagina. These antibodies protect body surfaces that are frequently exposed to foreign organisms and substances from outside of the body. The Ig A antibodies make up about 10-15% of the antibodies found in the body."
},
{
"docid": "D2515949#0",
"title": "http://the-medical-dictionary.com/wiskott_aldrich_syndrome_article_2.htm\nWiskott-Aldrich syndrome",
"text": "Immunoelectrophoresis From Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, 4/6/01 by Janis O. Flores Definition Immunoelectrophoresis, also called gamma globulin electrophoresis, or immunoglobulin electrophoresis, is a method of determining the blood levels of three major immunoglobulins: immunoglobulin M (Ig M), immunoglobulin G (Ig G), and immunoglobulin A (Ig A). Purpose Immunoelectrophoresis aids in the diagnosis and evaluation of the therapeutic response in many disease states affecting the immune system. It is usually requested when a different type of electrophoresis, called a serum protein electrophoresis, has indicated a rise at the immunoglobulin level. Immunoelectrophoresis is also used frequently to diagnose multiple myeloma, a disease affecting the bone marrow. Precautions Drugs that may cause increased immunoglobulin levels include therapeutic gamma globulin, hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin (Dilantin), procainamide, oral contraceptives, methadone, steroids, and tetanus toxoid and antitoxin. The laboratory should be notified if the patient has received any vaccinations or immunizations in the six months before the test. It should be noted that, because immunoelectrophoresis is not quantitative, it is being replaced by a procedure called immunofixation, which is more sensitive and easier to interpret. Description Immunoelectrophoresis is performed by placing serum on a slide containing a gel designed specifically for the test. An electric current is then passed through the gel, and immunoglobulins, which contain an electric charge, migrate through the gel according to the difference in their individual electric charges. Antiserum is placed alongside the slide to identify the specific type of immunoglobulin present."
},
{
"docid": "D1154145#0",
"title": "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-an-igg-antibody.htm\nWhat is an IgG Antibody?",
"text": "Antibodies are proteins made by the immune system to destroy foreign invaders. There are five major types of antibodies: immunoglobulin A ( Ig A ), immunoglobulin G (Ig G), immunoglobulin M (Ig M), immunoglobulin E ( Ig E) and immunglobulin D ( Ig D ). An Ig G antibody helps to battle bacterial and viral infections. Comprising up to 80% of the all of these essential proteins, it is the smallest, yet most abundant, human antibody. Found in all bodily fluids, Ig G is the only antibody that can protect a fetus by passing through the mother's placenta. A physician may order a quantitative immunoglobulin blood test to determine the exact level of each type of antibody if the results of either a total blood protein test or serum protein electrophoresis test — which can measure each type of protein in the blood — are abnormal. The doctor may also order a quantitative immunoglobulin test if the patient's symptoms suggest an autoimmune disease, allergies, certain blood cancers, or recurring infections. The test is also used to follow-up on the treatment for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria and to confirm a response to a vaccination already given, to ensure that the patient has achieved immunity to the disease. Normal levels of the Ig G antibody usually fall in the range of 565–1765 mg/d L (5.65–17.65 g/L). A higher than normal level can suggest an Ig G monoclonal gammopathy, such as multiple myeloma — a cancer of the blood and bone marrow — or monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) — a benign, but sometimes pre-malignant condition."
},
{
"docid": "D939889#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_light_chain\nImmunoglobulin light chain",
"text": "\"Immunoglobulin light chain From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Schematic diagram of a typical antibody showing two Ig heavy chains (blue) linked by disulfide bonds to two Ig light chains (green). The constant (C) and variable (V) domains are shown. An antibody molecule. The two heavy chains are colored red and blue and the two light chains green and yellow. See also: [1]The immunoglobulin light chain is the small polypeptide subunit of an antibody (immunoglobulin). A typical antibody is composed of two immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chains and two Ig light chains. Contents [ hide ]1 In humans2 In other animals3 Structure4 In pathology5 See also6 References7 External links In humans [ edit]There are two types of light chain in humans:kappa (κ) chain, encoded by the immunoglobulin kappa locus (IGK@) on chromosome 2lambda (λ) chain, encoded by the immunoglobulin lambda locus (IGL@) on chromosome 22Antibodies are produced by B lymphocytes, each expressing only one class of light chain. Once set, light chain class remains fixed for the life of the B lymphocyte. In a healthy individual, the total kappa to lambda ratio is roughly 2:1 in serum (measuring intact whole antibodies) or 1:1.5 if measuring free light chains, with a highly divergent ratio indicative of neoplasm. The exact normal ratio of kappa to lambda, according to a novel polyclonal free light chain assay, ranges from 0.26 to 1.65. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3098256#0",
"title": "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Immunoelectrophoresis\nimmunoelectrophoresis",
"text": "\"immunoelectrophoresis Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia . Immunoelectrophoresis Definition Immunoelectrophoresis, also called gamma globulin electrophoresis, or immunoglobulinelectrophoresis, is a method of determining the blood levels of three major immunoglobulins:immunoglobulin M (Ig M), immunoglobulin G (Ig G), and immunoglobulin A (Ig A). Purpose Immunoelectrophoresis is a powerful analytical technique with high resolving power as it combines separation of antigens by electrophoresis with immunodiffusion against an antiserum. The increased resolution is of benefit in the immunological examination of serum proteins. Immunoelectrophoresis aids in the diagnosis and evaluation of the therapeutic response in manydisease states affecting the immune system. It is usually requested when a different type of electrophoresis, called a serum protein electrophoresis, has indicated a rise at theimmunoglobulin level. Immunoelectrophoresis is also used frequently to diagnose multiple myeloma, a disease affecting the bone marrow. Precautions Drugs that may cause increased immunoglobulin levels include therapeutic gamma globulin,hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin (Dilantin), procainamide, oral contraceptives, methadone,steroids, and tetanus toxoid and antitoxin. The laboratory should be notified if the patient hasreceived any vaccinations or immunizations in the six months before the test. This is mainlybecause prior immunizations lead to the increased immunoglobulin levels resulting in falsepositive results."
},
{
"docid": "D471172#0",
"title": "https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/136580-overview\nImmunoglobulin A Deficiency",
"text": "\"Drugs & Diseases > Allergy & Immunology Immunoglobulin A Deficiency Updated: Nov 14, 2016Author: Marina Y Dolina, MD; Chief Editor: Michael A Kaliner, MD more... Share Email Feedback Sections Overview Presentation DDx Workup Treatment Medication Follow-up Media Gallery References Background Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIg AD) is a primary immunodeficiency disease and is the most common of the primary antibody deficiencies. [ 1] Total immunoglobulin A deficiency (Ig AD) is defined as an undetectable serum immunoglobulin A (Ig A) level at a value < 5 mg/d L (0.05 g/L) in humans. Partial Ig AD refers to detectable but decreased Ig A levels that are more than 2 standard deviations below normal age-adjusted means. [ 2, 3]Ig AD is commonly associated with normal B lymphocytes in peripheral blood, normal CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, and, usually, normal neutrophil and lymphocyte counts. Anti-Ig A autoantibodies of the Ig G and/or Ig E isotype may be present. Peripheral blood may also be affected by autoimmune cytopenias, eg, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, [ 4, 5] and patients may have other autoimmune phenomena. Ig A was first identified by Graber and Williams in 1952; ten years later, the first patients with Ig AD were described. Ig AD is a heterogeneous disorder, and the results of intensive study are beginning to elucidate genetic loci and molecular pathogenesis that contribute to various subtypes of this disorder. Several lines of evidence suggest that, in many cases, Ig AD and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) have a common pathogenesis, which is discussed further in Pathophysiology. Other data indicate different genetic risk factors."
}
] |
8716 | _____ is the physical linking of a network to another network's _____. | [
{
"docid": "D913189#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_Layer\nLink layer",
"text": "\"This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( March 2018) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)In computer networking, the link layer is the lowest layer in the Internet Protocol Suite, the networking architecture of the Internet. It is described in RFC 1122 and RFC 1123. The link layer is the group of methods and communications protocols that only operate on the link that a host is physically connected to. The link is the physical and logical network component used to interconnect hosts or nodes in the network and a link protocol is a suite of methods and standards that operate only between adjacent network nodes of a local area network segment or a wide area network connection. Despite the different semantics of layering in TCP/IP and OSI, the link layer is sometimes described as a combination of the data link layer (layer 2) and the physical layer (layer 1) in the OSI model. However, the layers of TCP/IP are descriptions of operating scopes (application, host-to-host, network, link) and not detailed prescriptions of operating procedures, data semantics, or networking technologies. RFC 1122 exemplifies that local area network protocols such as Ethernet and IEEE 802, and framing protocols such as Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) belong to the link layer."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D1195364#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet\nEthernet",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search A twisted pair cable with an 8P8C modular connector attached to a laptop computer, used for Ethernet An Ethernet over twisted pair port Ethernet / ˈ iː θ ər n ɛ t / is a family of computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN) and wide area networks (WAN). [ 1] It was commercially introduced in 1980 and first standardized in 1983 as IEEE 802.3, [2] and has since been refined to support higher bit rates and longer link distances. Over time, Ethernet has largely replaced competing wired LAN technologies such as Token Ring, FDDI and ARCNET. The original 10BASE5 Ethernet uses coaxial cable as a shared medium, while the newer Ethernet variants use twisted pair and fiber optic links in conjunction with hubs or switches. Over the course of its history, Ethernet data transfer rates have been increased from the original 2.94 megabits per second (Mbit/s) [3] to the latest 400 gigabits per second (Gbit/s). The Ethernet standards comprise several wiring and signaling variants of the OSI physical layer in use with Ethernet. Systems communicating over Ethernet divide a stream of data into shorter pieces called frames. Each frame contains source and destination addresses, and error-checking data so that damaged frames can be detected and discarded; most often, higher-layer protocols trigger retransmission of lost frames. As per the OSI model, Ethernet provides services up to and including the data link layer. [ 4]Since its commercial release, Ethernet has retained a good degree of backward compatibility."
},
{
"docid": "D1991980#0",
"title": "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb740760.aspx\nVirtual Machine Manager FAQ",
"text": "\"Virtual Machine Manager FAQThis document provides answers to frequently asked questions about System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2007 (VMM). About Virtual Machine Manager Virtual Machine Hosts Virtual Machines Choosing a Host for a Virtual Machine Virtual Machine Manager Library Monitoring Jobs Checkpoints Virtual Machine Self-Service Reporting About Virtual Machine Manager Where can I ask a Virtual Machine Manager question? You can post VMM questions on the System Center Virtual Machine Manager forums at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/? Link Id=85919. What is Virtual Machine Manager? System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2007 (VMM) is a server application in the Microsoft System Center family of products. VMM manages a virtualized data center that runs Microsoft Virtual Server 2005, and it provides: Consolidation of underutilized physical servers Rapid provisioning of new virtual machines Wizard-based physical to virtual machine (P2V) conversions Wizard-based virtual-to-virtual machine (V2V) conversion of VMware virtual machines What are the benefits of using VMM? Virtual Machine Manager provides the following benefits to organizations: Maximizes datacenter resources through server consolidation Allows conversion of physical servers to virtual machines (P2V)Allows conversion of VMware virtual machines (V2V)Enables fast provisioning of new virtual machines Minimizes guesswork in deployment through customized host ratings based on criteria that you set Enables you to centrally manage the resources that you use to create virtual machines within the Virtual Machine Manager library Speeds creation of new virtual machines by using templates Takes advantage of datacenter investments in Storage Area Network (SAN) storage Provides a rich management and scripting environment through the Windows Power Shell - Virtual Machine Manager command shell Provides reporting by integrating with System Center Operations Manager 2007Where can I find more information about VMM? Documentation for VMM can be found in the System Center Virtual Machine Manager Tech Center. The following resources are available: System Center Virtual Machine Manager Tech Center ( http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?"
},
{
"docid": "D2536114#0",
"title": "https://doc.pfsense.org/index.php/PfSense_2_on_VMware_ESXi_5\nPfSense on VMware vSphere / ESXi",
"text": "\"Pf Sense on VMware v Sphere / ESXi (Redirected from Pf Sense 2 on VMware ESXi 5)navigation search Contents [ hide ]1 Introduction1.1 Assumptions2 Installing pf Sense on v Sphere 6.x using v Sphere web client2.1 Basic v Sphere web client networking setup2.2 Creating port groups2.3 Creating a pf Sense VM2.4 pf Sense installation2.5 Installing Open-VM-Tools3 Installing pf Sense on v Sphere 5.x using v Sphere client3.1 Basic v Sphere Networking3.1.1 About vmnics, v Switches, management and virtual machine networks3.1.2 Creating the LAN3.1.3 Creating the WAN3.2 Configuring the Virtual Machine3.2.1 Configuration3.2.2 Name and Location3.2.3 Storage3.2.4 Virtual Machine Version3.2.5 Guest operating System3.2.6 CPUs3.2.7 Memory3.2.8 Network3.2.9 SCSI Controller3.2.10 Select a Disk3.2.11 Create a Disk3.2.12 Advanced Options3.2.13 Ready to Complete3.2.14 Editing the Virtual Machine's Properties3.3 Installing pf Sense3.3.1 Booting the VM from CD/DVD3.3.2 Installing pf Sense3.3.3 Interface Assignment3.4 Adding a DMZ3.4.1 Creating the DMZ network3.5 Installing VMware Tools Introduction This article is about building a pf Sense virtual machine on v Sphere / ESXi. Article explains how to install any major pf Sense version on VMware v Sphere versions 5.x and 6.x. Article does not cover how to install v Sphere or how to configure pf Sense to do any of the many amazing things it can. A basic, working, pf Sense virtual machine will exist by the end of this document. Disclaimer/flame-retardant: If pf Sense will be running as a perimeter firewall for an organization and the \"\"attack surface\"\" should be minimized, many will say it is preferable to run it unvirtualized on stand-alone hardware. That is a decision for the user and/or organization to make, however. Now back to the topic. We're going to start at the point where we have a vanilla ESXi install and have connected to it using the v Sphere client. If other VMs are already running on ESXi, then it is not likely necessary to follow the networking steps too closely. However, we recommend skimming through it to see what is suggested before building the pf Sense virtual machine part."
},
{
"docid": "D1002082#0",
"title": "http://www.omnisecu.com/tcpip/osi-model.php\nSeven Layers of OSI Model and functions of seven layers of OSI model",
"text": "\"In Seven Layers of Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model lesson, you will learn about the seven layers of OSI model and their functions If network communications need to happen with out any trouble, many problems must be solved. Coordinating all these problems are so complex and not easy to manage. To make these tasks smooth, in 1977 the International Standards Organization (ISO) proposed the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) network model. The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model breaks down the problems involved in moving data from one computer to another computer. Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model categorizes these hundreds of problems to Seven Layers. A layer in Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a portion that is used to categorize specific problems. Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Seven Layered reference model is only just a reference model. All the problems which are related to the communications are answered by specific protocols operating at different layers. The following image shows the seven layers described in Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. Seven Layers of Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model Layer 1."
},
{
"docid": "D2442037#0",
"title": "http://www.iusmentis.com/technology/tcpip/architecture/\nThe TCP/IP network architecture",
"text": "\"The TCP/IP network architecture In this document The Application Layer The Transport Layer The Network Layer The Link Layer The Physical Layer Putting the layers together See also TCP/IP networking basics: hubs, switches, gateways and routing Internet Protocol (IP) addresses TCP/IP is a shorthand for the two most important protocols used to make the Internet work. The Internet Protocol (IP) is responsible for transferring these data packets, while the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) makes sure all packets arrive safely, retransmitting them if necessary. An alternative to TCP is the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), which is an unreliable but fast protocol that is often used for data transfer. The Internet architecture is made up of five layers that work together. These five layers are, from high to low: The Application Layer The Transport Layer The Network Layer The Link Layer The Physical Layer The Application Layer The application layer defines how certain services operate and how they can be used. Examples are the FTP service for transferring files, HTTP for serving Web pages and SMTP for e-mail . These services are defined in a rather abstract manner. Two parties, called the client and the server, set up a connection over which they exchange messages in accordance with a specific protocol. The client starts the protocol by requesting the service. Often the next step is for the server to authenticate the client, for example by asking for a password or by executing a public-key based protocol."
},
{
"docid": "D2523455#0",
"title": "http://www.tech-faq.com/considerations-in-planning-a-network-infrastructure.html\nConsiderations in Planning a Network Infrastructure",
"text": "Considerations in Planning a Network Infrastructure Defining Network Infrastructure A network can be defined as the grouping of hardware devices and software components which are necessary to connect devices within the organization, and to connect the organization to other organizations and the Internet. Typical hardware components utilized in a networking environment are network interface cards, computers, routers, hubs, switches, printers, and cabling and phone lines. Typical software components utilized in a networking environment are the network services and protocols needed to enable devices to communicate. Only after the hardware is installed and configured, can operating systems and software be installed into the network infrastructure. The operating systems which you install on your computers are considered the main software components within the network infrastructure. This is due to the operating system containing network communication protocols that enable network communication to occur. The operating system also typically includes applications and services that implement security for network communication. Another concept, namely network infrastructure, is also commonly used to refer to the grouping of physical hardware and logical components which are needed to provide a number of features for the network, including these common features: Connectivity Routing and switching capabilities Network security Access control The network or network infrastructure has to exist before a number of servers needed to support applications which are needed by your users can be deployed into your networking environment: File and print servers Web and messaging servers Database servers Application servers When you plan your network infrastructure, a number of key elements need to be clarified or determined: Determine which physical hardware components are needed for the network infrastructure which you want to implement. Determine the software components needed for the network infrastructure. Determine the following important factors for your hardware and software components: Specific location of these components How the components are to be installed."
},
{
"docid": "D3228397#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networks\nComputer network",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Computer networks)navigation search\"\"Datacom\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Datacom (disambiguation). Network science Theory Graph Complex network Contagion Small-world Scale-free Community structure Percolation Evolution Controllability Graph drawing Social capital Link analysis Optimization Reciprocity Closure Homophily Transitivity Preferential attachment Balance theory Network effect Social influence Network types Informational (computing)Telecommunication Transport Social Scientific collaboration Biological Artificial neural Interdependent Semantic Spatial Dependency Flow Graphs Features Clique Component Cut Cycle Data structure Edge Loop Neighborhood Path Vertex Adjacency list / matrix Incidence list / matrix Types Bipartite Complete Directed Hyper Multi Random Weighted Metrics Algorithms Centrality Degree Betweenness Closeness Page Rank Motif Clustering Degree distribution Assortativity Distance Modularity Efficiency Models Topology Random graph Erdős–Rényi Barabási–Albert Fitness model Watts–Strogatz Exponential random (ERGM)Hyperbolic (HGN) Hierarchical Stochastic block model Lancichinetti–Fortunato–Radicchi benchmark Dynamics Boolean network agent based Epidemic / SIRLists Categories Topics Software Network scientists Category: Network theory Category: Graph theoryv t e Operating systems Common features Process management Interrupts Memory management File system Device drivers Networking Security I/Ov t e A computer network, or data network, is a digital telecommunications network which allows nodes to share resources. In computer networks, computing devices exchange data with each other using connections between nodes ( data links .) These data links are established over cable media such as wires or optic cables, or wireless media such as Wi Fi. Network computer devices that originate, route and terminate the data are called network nodes. [ 1] Nodes can include hosts such as personal computers, phones, servers as well as networking hardware. Two such devices can be said to be networked together when one device is able to exchange information with the other device, whether or not they have a direct connection to each other. In most cases, application-specific communications protocols are layered (i.e. carried as payload) over other more general communications protocols. This formidable collection of information technology requires skilled network management to keep it all running reliably."
},
{
"docid": "D3098354#0",
"title": "https://superuser.com/questions/623511/what-is-the-exact-use-of-a-mac-address\nWhat is the exact use of a MAC address?",
"text": "\"_Super User is a question and answer site for computer enthusiasts and power users. Join them; it only takes a minute: Sign up Here's how it works: Anybody can ask a question Anybody can answer The best answers are voted up and rise to the top What is the exact use of a MAC address?up vote119down votefavorite57I understand that IP addresses are hierarchical, so that routers throughout the internet know which direction to forward a packet. With MAC addresses, there is no hierarchy, and thus packet forwarding would not be possible. So, MAC addresses are not used for packet transfer. I don't think it sits there for no reason. So my question is, where exactly does a MAC address come into play during a packet transfer?networking ip routing mac-addressshare improve this questionedited Jul 26 '13 at 4:10community wiki5 revs, 4 users 50%VISHNU VIVEKWe're looking for long answers that provide some explanation and context. Don't just give a one-line answer; explain why your answer is right, ideally with citations. Answers that don't include explanations may be removed.add a comment13 Answers active oldest votesup vote53down voteaccepted TL;DR> MAC addresses are a low level component of an Ethernet network (and some other similar standards, such as Wi Fi). They allow a device to communicate with a machine on the local physical network (LAN), and cannot be routed across the Internet - because physical hardware might in theory be plugged in anywhere in the world. By contrast, IP addresses cover the whole internet, and routers use them to figure out where to send data even if it needs multiple hops to reach its destination – but they aren't helpful in interfacing with the physical hardware on your local network."
},
{
"docid": "D2131476#0",
"title": "http://docwiki.cisco.com/wiki/Ethernet_Technologies\nEthernet Technologies",
"text": "\"The term Ethernet refers to the family of local-area network (LAN) products covered by the IEEE 802.3 standard that defines what is commonly known as the CSMA/CD protocol. Three data rates are currently defined for operation over optical fiber and twisted-pair cables:10 Mbps-10Base-T Ethernet100 Mbps-Fast Ethernet1000 Mbps-Gigabit Ethernet10-Gigabit Ethernet is under development and will likely be published as the IEEE 802.3ae supplement to the IEEE 802.3 base standard in late 2001 or early 2002. Other technologies and protocols have been touted as likely replacements, but the market has spoken. Ethernet has survived as the major LAN technology (it is currently used for approximately 85 percent of the world's LAN-connected PCs and workstations) because its protocol has the following characteristics: Is easy to understand, implement, manage, and maintain Allows low-cost network implementations Provides extensive topological flexibility for network installation Guarantees successful interconnection and operation of standards-compliant products, regardless of manufacturer Guide Contents Internetworking Basics LAN Technologies WAN Technologies Internet Protocols Bridging and Switching Routing Network Management Voice/Data Integration Technologies Wireless Technologies Cable Access Technologies Dial-up Technology Security Technologies Quality of Service Networking Network Caching Technologies IBM Network Management Multiservice Access Technologies Contents [ hide]1 Ethernet-A Brief History2 Ethernet Network Elements3 Ethernet Network Topologies and Structures3.1 Figure: Example Point-to-Point Interconnection3.2 Figure: Example Coaxial Bus Topology3.3 Figure: Example Star-Connected Topology4 The IEEE 802.3 Logical Relationship to the OSI Reference Model4.1 Figure: Ethernet’s Logical Relationship to the OSI Reference Model4.2 Figure: MAC and Physical Layer Compatibility Requirements for Basic Data Communication5 The Ethernet MAC Sublayer5.1 The Basic Ethernet Frame Format5.1.1 Figure: The Basic IEEE 802.3 MAC Data Frame Format5.2 Frame Transmission5.2.1 Half-Duplex Transmission-The CSMA/CD Access Method5.2.1.1 Figure: MAC Frame with Gigabit Carrier Extension5.2.1.2 Table: Limits for Half-Duplex Operation5.2.1.3 Figure: A Gigabit Frame-Burst Sequence5.2.2 Full-Duplex Transmission-An Optional Approach to Higher Network Efficiency5.2.2.1 Figure: Full Duplex Operation Allows Simultaneous Two-Way Transmission on the Same Link5.2.3 Flow Control5.2.3.1 Figure: An Overview of the IEEE 802.3 Flow Control Sequence5.3 Frame Reception5.4 The VLAN Tagging Option5.4.1 Figure: VLAN-Tagged Frames Are Identified When the MAC Finds the LAN Type Value in the Normal Length/Type Field Location6 The Ethernet Physical Layers6.1 Encoding for Signal Transmission6.1.1 Figure: A Concept Example of Baseline Wander6.1.2 Figure: Transition-Based Manchester Binary Encoding6.2 The 802.3 Physical Layer Relationship to the ISO Reference Model6.2.1 Figure: The Generic Ethernet Physical Layer Reference Model6.3 10-Mbps Ethernet-10Base-T6.3.1 Figure: The Typical 10Base-T Link Is a Four-Pair UTP Cable in Which Two Pairs Are Not Used6.4 100 Mbps-Fast Ethernet6.4.1 Table: Summary of 100Base-T Physical Layer Characteristics6.4.2 100Base-X6.4.2.1 Figure: The 100Base-X Logical Model6.4.2.2 Figure: The 100Base-X Code-Group Stream with Frame Encapsulation6.4.3 100Base-T46.4.3.1 Figure: The 100Base-T4 Wire-Pair Usage During Frame Transmission6.4.3.2 Figure: The 100Base-T4 Frame Transmission Sequence6.4.4 100Base-T26.4.4.1 Figure: The 100Base-T2 Link Topology6.4.4.2 Figure: The 100Base-T2 Loop Timing Configuration6.5 1000 Mbps-Gigabit Ethernet6.5.1 Figure 7-22 Gigabit Ethernet Variations6.5.2 1000Base-T6.5.2.1 Figure: The 1000Base-T Link Topology6.5.2.2 Figure: 1000Base-T Master/Slave Loop Timing Configuration6.5.3 1000Base-X6.5.3.1 Figure: 1000Base-X Link Configuration6.5.3.2 Table: 1000Base-X Link Configuration Support6.6 Network Cabling-Link Crossover Requirements6.6.1 Figure: Alternative Ways for Implementing the Link Crossover Requirement7 System Considerations7.1 Choosing UTP-Based Components and Media Category7.2 Auto-negotiation-An Optional Method for Automatically Configuring Link Operational Modes7.2.1 Table: The Defined Autonegotiation Selection Levels for UTP NICs7.2.2 Figure: Autonegotiation FLP Bursts Replace NLPs During Link Initiation7.3 Network Switches Provide a Second, and Often Better, Alternative to Higher Link Speeds in CSMA/CD Network Upgrades7.4 Multispeed NICs7.4.1 Figure: Replacing the Network Repeaters with Switches Reduces the Collision Domains to Two NICs Each7.5 Choosing 1000Base-X Components and Media7.5.1 Table: Maximum Operating Ranges for Common Optical Fibers7.6 Multiple-Rate Ethernet Networks7.6.1 Figure: An Example Multirate Network Topology—the ISO/IEC 11801 Cable Model7.7 Link Aggregation-Establishing Higher-Speed Network Trunks7.8 Network Management7.9 Migrating to Higher-Speed Networks8 Summary9 Review Questions Ethernet-A Brief History The original Ethernet was developed as an experimental coaxial cable network in the 1970s by Xerox Corporation to operate with a data rate of 3 Mbps using a carrier sense multiple access collision detect (CSMA/CD) protocol for LANs with sporadic but occasionally heavy traffic requirements. Success with that project attracted early attention and led to the 1980 joint development of the 10-Mbps Ethernet Version 1.0 specification by the three-company consortium: Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel Corporation, and Xerox Corporation. The original IEEE 802.3 standard was based on, and was very similar to, the Ethernet Version 1.0 specification. The draft standard was approved by the 802.3 working group in 1983 and was subsequently published as an official standard in 1985 (ANSI/IEEE Std. 802.3-1985). Since then, a number of supplements to the standard have been defined to take advantage of improvements in the technologies and to support additional network media and higher data rate capabilities, plus several new optional network access control features. Throughout the rest of this article, the terms Ethernet and 802.3 will refer exclusively to network implementations compatible with the IEEE 802.3 standard."
},
{
"docid": "D968151#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/31487314/computer-network-flash-cards/\nComputer Network",
"text": "\"59 terms yufei_ning Computer Network Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort What are the two most important network-layer functions in a datagram network? What are the three most important network-layer functions in a virtual-circuit network? Datagram-based network layer: forwarding; routing. Additional function of VC-based network layer: call setup. What is the difference between routing and forwarding? Forwarding is about moving a packet from a router's input link to the appropriate output link. Routing is about determining the end-to-end routes between sources and destinations. Why each input port in a high-speed router stores a shadow copy of the forwarding table?"
},
{
"docid": "D1076773#0",
"title": "http://www.wildpackets.com/resources/compendium/glossary_of_networking_terms\nGlossary of Network Terms",
"text": "A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X-Z10 Base210-Mbps baseband Ethernet specification using 50-ohm thin coaxial cable. 10Base2, which is part of the IEEE 802.3 specification, has a distance limit of 185 meters per segment.10 Base510-Mbps baseband Ethernet specification using standard (thick) 50-ohm baseband coaxial cable. 10Base5, which is part of the IEEE 802.3 baseband physical layer specification, has a distance limit of 500 meters per segment.10 Base F10-Mbps baseband Ethernet specification that refers to the 10Base FB, 10Base FL, and 10Base FP standards for Ethernet over fiber-optic cabling.10 Base FB10-Mbps baseband Ethernet specification using fiber-optic cabling. 10Base FB is part of the IEEE 10Base F specification. It is not used to connect user stations, but instead provides a synchronous signaling backbone that allows additional segments and repeaters to be connected to the network. 10Base FB segments can be up to 2,000 meters long.10Base FL10-Mbps baseband Ethernet specification using fiber-optic cabling. 10Base FL is part of the IEEE10Base F specification and, while able to interoperate with FOIRL, is designed to replace the FOIRL specification. 10Base FL segments can be up to 1,000 meters long if used with FOIRL, and up to 2,000 meters if 10Base FL is used exclusively.10 Base FP10-Mbps fiber-passive baseband Ethernet specification using fiber-optic cabling. 10Base FP ispart of the IEEE 10Base F specification. It organizes a number of computers into a star topology without the use of repeaters."
},
{
"docid": "D2999778#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daisy_chain_(network_topology)\nNetwork topology",
"text": "\"Network topology From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Daisy chain (network topology))navigation search For the topology of transport networks, see Transport topology. Network science Theory Graph Complex network Contagion Small-world Scale-free Community structure Percolation Evolution Controllability Graph drawing Social capital Link analysis Optimization Reciprocity Closure Homophily Transitivity Preferential attachment Balance theory Network effect Social influence Network types Informational (computing)Telecommunication Transport Social Scientific collaboration Biological Artificial neural Interdependent Semantic Spatial Dependency Flow Graphs Features Clique Component Cut Cycle Data structure Edge Loop Neighborhood Path Vertex Adjacency list / matrix Incidence list / matrix Types Bipartite Complete Directed Hyper Multi Random Weighted Metrics Algorithms Centrality Degree Betweenness Closeness Page Rank Motif Clustering Degree distribution Assortativity Distance Modularity Efficiency Models Topology Random graph Erdős–Rényi Barabási–Albert Fitness model Watts–Strogatz Exponential random (ERGM)Hyperbolic (HGN) Hierarchical Stochastic block model Lancichinetti–Fortunato–Radicchi benchmark Dynamics Boolean network agent based Epidemic / SIRLists Categories Topics Software Network scientists Category: Network theory Category: Graph theoryv t e Network topology is the arrangement of the various elements ( links, nodes, etc.) of a communication network. [ 1] [2]Network topology is the topological [3] structure of a network and may be depicted physically or logically. It is an application of graph theory [4] wherein communicating devices are modeled as nodes and the connections between the devices are modeled as links or lines between the nodes. Physical topology is the placement of the various components of a network (e.g., device location and cable installation), while logical topology illustrates how data flows within a network. Distances between nodes, physical interconnections, transmission rates, or signal types may differ between two different networks, yet their topologies may be identical. A network’s physical topology is a particular concern of the physical layer of the OSI model. Network topology can be used to define or describe the arrangement of various types of telecommunication networks, including command and control radio networks, [4] industrial fieldbusses, and computer networks. Examples of network typologies are found in local area networks ( LAN ), a common computer network installation."
},
{
"docid": "D2829517#0",
"title": "http://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/networking/network.interfaces\nLinux Network Interfaces",
"text": "\"doc:networking:network.interfaces This wiki is read only and for archival purposes only. >>>>>>>>>> Please use the new Open Wrt wiki at https://openwrt.org/ <<<<<<<<<<Table of Contents Types of network interfaces Physical Network Interfaces Virtual Network Interfaces Types of Virtual Network Interfaces Open Wrt default configuration Current Utilities for Networking and Traffic Control Old and deprecated Utilities for Networking and Traffic Control Linux Network Interfaces Types of network interfaces The Linux kernel universally distinguishes between two types of software network interfaces: Physical Network Interfaceseth0, eth8, radio0, wlan19, .. always represent an actual network hardware device such as a NIC, WNIC or some other kind of Modem. As soon as the device driver is loaded into the Kernel a corresponding physical network interface becomes present and available. Any physical network interface is a named software representation by the operating system to the user to enable him to configure the hardware network device and also to integrate it into programs and scripts. Virtual Network Interfaceslo, eth0:1, eth0.1, vlan2, br0, pppoe-dsl, gre0, sit0 tun0, imq0, teql0, .. are virtual network interfaces that do NOT represent an existent hardware device but are linked to one (otherwise they would be useless). Virtual network interfaces were invented to give the system administrator maximum flexibility when configuring a Linux-based operating system. A virtual network interface is generally associated with a physical network interface (eth6) or another virtual interface (eth6.9) or be stand alone such as the loopback interface lo. Types of Virtual Network Interfacesaliases: eth4:5, eth4:6, .. IP-aliases are an obsolete way to manage multiple IP-addresses/masks per interface. Newer tools such as iproute2 support multiple address/prefixes per interface, but aliases are still supported for backwards compatibility. Documentation/networking/alias.txt VLANs: eth4.0, eth4.1, eth4.3, vlan0, .. are created to partition a single layer 2 network into multiple virtual ones."
},
{
"docid": "D1355955#0",
"title": "http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/datacenter/aci/apic/white_papers/Cisco_IT_ACI_Design.html\nCisco IT ACI Design",
"text": "Cisco IT ACI Design This white paper is the first in a series of case studies that explains how Cisco IT deployed ACI to deliver improved business performance. These in-depth case studies cover the Cisco IT ACI data center design, migration to ACI, network security, the ACI Net App storage area network deployment, and virtualization with AVS, UCS, KVM, and VMware. These white papers will enable field engineers and customer IT architects to assess the product, plan deployments, and exploit its application centric properties to flexibly deploy and manage robust highly scalable integrated data center and network resources. Table of Contents Cisco IT ACI Fabric Design Goals Uniform ACI Fabric Infrastructure Topologies ACI Fabric Logical Constructs ACI VLAN Automation Contributes to Near-Zero Downtime and Lower Operating Costs Enhanced Security Virtual Compute Integration Reporting and Alerting Automation Conclusion Cisco IT ACI Fabric Design Goals The Cisco® IT deployment of Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI) enables its global data center network to deliver the enhanced business value they must have – compelling total cost of ownership, near 100% availability, and agility that includes lettingbusiness applications developers directly provision the infrastructure resources they need in a self-service fashion. Worldwide Data Centers The Cisco IT organization operates multiple business application and engineering development data centers distributed throughout the world. The infrastructure for each data center (DC) is big. For example, the Allen, Texas DC is just one of 30 worldwide. The 856 network devices in the Allen DC support 2300 traditional and private-cloud applications, run 8000 virtual machines, include 1700 Cisco Unified Computing System™ (Cisco UCS®) blades and 710 bare metal servers, with 14.5PB of NAS storage and 12PB of SAN storage. As Cisco’s data centers grow, quick and agile application deployment becomes increasingly challenging. Cisco ACI enables Cisco IT to use a common application-aware policy-based operating model across their physical and virtual environments."
},
{
"docid": "D1818347#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full-duplex_Ethernet\nEthernet",
"text": "\"Ethernet From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Full-duplex Ethernet)navigation search A twisted pair cable with an 8P8C modular connector attached to a laptop computer, used for Ethernet An Ethernet over twisted pair port Ethernet / ˈ iː θ ər n ɛ t / is a family of computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN) and wide area networks (WAN). [ 1] It was commercially introduced in 1980 and first standardized in 1983 as IEEE 802.3, [2] and has since been refined to support higher bit rates and longer link distances. Over time, Ethernet has largely replaced competing wired LAN technologies such as Token Ring, FDDI and ARCNET. The original 10BASE5 Ethernet uses coaxial cable as a shared medium, while the newer Ethernet variants use twisted pair and fiber optic links in conjunction with hubs or switches. Over the course of its history, Ethernet data transfer rates have been increased from the original 2.94 megabits per second (Mbit/s) [3] to the latest 400 gigabits per second (Gbit/s). The Ethernet standards comprise several wiring and signaling variants of the OSI physical layer in use with Ethernet. Systems communicating over Ethernet divide a stream of data into shorter pieces called frames. Each frame contains source and destination addresses, and error-checking data so that damaged frames can be detected and discarded; most often, higher-layer protocols trigger retransmission of lost frames. As per the OSI model, Ethernet provides services up to and including the data link layer. [ 4]Since its commercial release, Ethernet has retained a good degree of backward compatibility."
},
{
"docid": "D2309573#0",
"title": "http://ecomputernotes.com/computernetworkingnotes/communication-networks/describe-the-mac-layer-protocols\nMAC Layer - What is MAC Layer Protocols?",
"text": "\"MAC Layer - What is MAC Layer Protocols?by Dinesh Thakur Category: Communication Networks The Media Access Control (MAC) data communication Networks protocol sub-layer, also known as the Medium Access Control, is a sub-layer of the data link layer specified in the seven-layer OSI model. The medium access layer was made necessary by systems that share a common communications medium. Typically these are local area networks. The MAC layer is the \"\"low\"\" part of the second OSI layer, the layer of the \"\"data link\"\". In fact, the IEEE divided this layer into two layers \"\"above\"\" is the control layer the logical connection (Logical Link Control, LLC) and \"\"down\"\" the control layer The medium access (MAC). The LLC layer is standardized by the IEEE as the 802.2 since the beginning 1980 Its purpose is to allow level 3 network protocols (for eg IP) to be based on a single layer (the LLC layer) regardless underlying protocol used, including Wi Fi, Ethernet or Token Ring, for example. All Wi Fi data packets so carry a pack LLC, which contains itself packets from the upper network layers. The header of a packet LLC indicates the type of layer 3 protocol in it: most of the time, it is IP protocol, but it could be another protocol, such as IPX (Internet Packet Exchange) for example. Thanks to the LLC layer, it is possible to have at the same time, on the same network, multiple Layer 3 protocols. In LAN nodes uses the same communication channel for transmission."
},
{
"docid": "D2636947#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_communication\nComputer network",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Computer communication)navigation search\"\"Datacom\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Datacom (disambiguation). Network science Theory Graph Complex network Contagion Small-world Scale-free Community structure Percolation Evolution Controllability Graph drawing Social capital Link analysis Optimization Reciprocity Closure Homophily Transitivity Preferential attachment Balance theory Network effect Social influence Network types Informational (computing)Telecommunication Transport Social Scientific collaboration Biological Artificial neural Interdependent Semantic Spatial Dependency Flow Graphs Features Clique Component Cut Cycle Data structure Edge Loop Neighborhood Path Vertex Adjacency list / matrix Incidence list / matrix Types Bipartite Complete Directed Hyper Multi Random Weighted Metrics Algorithms Centrality Degree Betweenness Closeness Page Rank Motif Clustering Degree distribution Assortativity Distance Modularity Efficiency Models Topology Random graph Erdős–Rényi Barabási–Albert Fitness model Watts–Strogatz Exponential random (ERGM)Hyperbolic (HGN) Hierarchical Stochastic block model Lancichinetti–Fortunato–Radicchi benchmark Dynamics Boolean network agent based Epidemic / SIRLists Categories Topics Software Network scientists Category: Network theory Category: Graph theoryv t e Operating systems Common features Process management Interrupts Memory management File system Device drivers Networking Security I/Ov t e A computer network, or data network, is a digital telecommunications network which allows nodes to share resources. In computer networks, computing devices exchange data with each other using connections between nodes ( data links .) These data links are established over cable media such as wires or optic cables, or wireless media such as Wi Fi. Network computer devices that originate, route and terminate the data are called network nodes. [ 1] Nodes can include hosts such as personal computers, phones, servers as well as networking hardware. Two such devices can be said to be networked together when one device is able to exchange information with the other device, whether or not they have a direct connection to each other. In most cases, application-specific communications protocols are layered (i.e. carried as payload) over other more general communications protocols. This formidable collection of information technology requires skilled network management to keep it all running reliably."
},
{
"docid": "D1426709#0",
"title": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/an-introduction-to-networking-terminology-interfaces-and-protocols\nAn Introduction to Networking Terminology, Interfaces, and Protocols",
"text": "\"Introduction A basic understanding of networking is important for anyone managing a server. Not only is it essential for getting your services online and running smoothly, it also gives you the insight to diagnose problems. This document will provide a basic overview of some common networking concepts. We will discuss basic terminology, common protocols, and the responsibilities and characteristics of the different layers of networking. This guide is operating system agnostic, but should be very helpful when implementing features and services that utilize networking on your server. Networking Glossary Before we begin discussing networking with any depth, we must define some common terms that you will see throughout this guide, and in other guides and documentation regarding networking. These terms will be expanded upon in the appropriate sections that follow: Connection: In networking, a connection refers to pieces of related information that are transfered through a network. This generally infers that a connection is built before the data transfer (by following the procedures laid out in a protocol) and then is deconstructed at the at the end of the data transfer. Packet: A packet is, generally speaking, the most basic unit that is transfered over a network. When communicating over a network, packets are the envelopes that carry your data (in pieces) from one end point to the other."
},
{
"docid": "D1349856#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_access_control\nMedium access control",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Media access control)navigation search OSI modelby layer7. Application layer [show]6. Presentation layer [show]5. Session layer [show]4. Transport layer [show]3. Network layer [show]2. Data link layer [hide]ATM ARP IS-IS SDLC HDLC CSLIPSLIP GFP PLIP IEEE 802.2 LLC MACL2TP IEEE 802.3 Frame Relay ITU-T G.hn DLL PPP X.25 LAPBQ.921 LAPD Q.922 LAPF1. Physical layer [show]v t e In IEEE 802 LAN/MAN standards, the medium access control (MAC) sublayer (also known as the media access control sublayer) and the logical link control (LLC) sublayer together make up the data link layer. Within that data link layer, the LLC provides flow control and multiplexing for the logical link (i.e. Ether Type, 802.1Q VLAN tag etc), while the MAC provides flow control and multiplexing for the transmission medium. These two sublayers together correspond to layer 2 of the OSI model."
},
{
"docid": "D611097#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_theory\nNetwork theory",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For the theory regarding the regulation of the adaptive immune system, see immune network theory. For the sociological theory, see social network. It has been suggested that this article be merged with Network science. ( Discuss) Proposed since November 2016. A small example network with eight vertices and ten edges Network science Theory Graph Complex network Contagion Small-world Scale-free Community structure Percolation Evolution Controllability Graph drawing Social capital Link analysis Optimization Reciprocity Closure Homophily Transitivity Preferential attachment Balance theory Network effect Social influence Network types Informational (computing)Telecommunication Transport Social Scientific collaboration Biological Artificial neural Interdependent Semantic Spatial Dependency Flow Graphs Features Clique Component Cut Cycle Data structure Edge Loop Neighborhood Path Vertex Adjacency list / matrix Incidence list / matrix Types Bipartite Complete Directed Hyper Multi Random Weighted Metrics Algorithms Centrality Degree Betweenness Closeness Page Rank Motif Clustering Degree distribution Assortativity Distance Modularity Efficiency Models Topology Random graph Erdős–Rényi Barabási–Albert Fitness model Watts–Strogatz Exponential random (ERGM)Hyperbolic (HGN) Hierarchical Stochastic block model Lancichinetti–Fortunato–Radicchi benchmark Dynamics Boolean network agent based Epidemic / SIRLists Categories Topics Software Network scientists Category: Network theory Category: Graph theoryv t e Network theory is the study of graphs as a representation of either symmetric relations or asymmetric relations between discrete objects. In computer science and network science, network theory is a part of graph theory: a network can be defined as a graph in which nodes and/or edges have attributes (e.g. names). Network theory has applications in many disciplines including statistical physics, particle physics, computer science, electrical engineering, biology, [1] economics, finance, operations research, climatology and sociology. Applications of network theory include logistical networks, the World Wide Web, Internet, gene regulatory networks, metabolic networks, social networks, epistemological networks, etc. ; see List of network theory topics for more examples. Euler's solution of the Seven Bridges of Königsberg problem is considered to be the first true proof in the theory of networks. ["
}
] |
8717 | _____ is the relation between total expenditures, or total spending, and the price level. | [
{
"docid": "D1814859#0",
"title": "https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/exam-3/deck/14401158\nPopular Study Materials from Economics 111",
"text": "\"Aggregate demand represents the _____ at alternative price levelsa. total spending in the economyb. total saving in the economyc. total investment in the economyd. total output of the economye. total money supply in the economya. total spending in the economy Which of the following is an incorrect statement?a. Macroeconomic equilibrium occurs at the intersection of the aggregate demand and aggregate supply curves.b. The aggregate supply curve indicates a positive relationship between the price level and GDP.c. Other things equal, a downward shift of the aggregate demand curve implies that the economy is entering a contractionary phase.d."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2790636#0",
"title": "https://www.scribd.com/document/269595932/Budget-Deficit-in-pakistan\nThe governments use fiscal policy tools, to achieve their desired",
"text": "The governments use fiscal policy tools, to achieve their desiredgoals. In that process deficit budget policy is a famous tool of fiscal policy in order to increase the rate of growth. Commonly when private and foreign investment becomes insufficient for optimal production, then government plans to spend available funds in different sector of economy. In recent years many developed and developing countries have experienced the budget deficits, believed to be the result of over-expansionary fiscal actions of policy-makers. In developing countries, the government depends upon deficit financing due to its inability to mobilize domestic resources sufficiently and system failure to manage the expenditures according to the revenues. Every year government announces budget in which expected expenditures and expected revenues are forecasted for next fiscal year. It is amazing to describe that we always fail to attain the projected goal of revenue collections but, we never fail to spend funds (the nation’s capital) according to announced sum of expenditures. At the same time, role of government is of backbone importance in developing countries like Pakistan where there is lack of private and foreign capital. To stimulate the growth of economy, government makes the participation with private sector as well as makes expenditures for infrastructure and overall development of economy. But it is necessary to keep the expenditures and revenues in equilibrium in such a way that expenditures must not exceed over revenues."
},
{
"docid": "D2663847#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/7964809/aggregate-economic-activity-flash-cards/\nAggregate Economic Activity",
"text": "50 terms harri996Aggregate Economic Activity Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Why GDP measured using the income and expenditure approaches provide a similar result The total value of the output of any economy can be obtained by measuring the incomes earned in the production of goods or the spending on the same production. If we assume that all goods and services produced are consumption goods, and that all income is spent on consumption goods, then the value of spending on national output must always equal the value of income earned (national income). Expenditure Method Formula Private Final Consumption + Government Final Consumption + Gross Fixed Capital Formation + Changes in Inventories + Exports - Imports + Statistical Discrepancy Final Government Consumption Expenditure Covers services provided by government which are not sold on the market e.g. defence, police and education. It does not include transfer payments or investment spending. Gross Fixed Capital Formation Investment in fixed assets by firms (e.g. on factories or new equipment) and government (e.g. building of dams and universities). Income Method Formula Gross Operating Surplus + Compensation of Employees + Taxes on Production and Imports - Subsidies Gross Operating Surplus Operating Surplus + Consumption of fixed capital Operating Surplus Profit before deducting taxes, dividends, it can be taken to be net profit. Compensation of Employees Financial compensation for labour supplied, e.g. wages, salaries and taxable allowances. Consumption of Fixed Capital Measures the decline in value of fixed assets used in production, as a result of physical deterioration and normal obsolescence It is a cost of production, valued at replacement cost."
},
{
"docid": "D1130841#0",
"title": "http://web.utk.edu/~rhovland/budgethandout.html\n.",
"text": "\"CHAPTER 5, Murphy & Cunningham, Advertising & Marketing Communication Management Determining the Advertising Appropriation and Budgeting\"\"No company that markets products or services to the consumer can remain a leader in its field without a deep-seated commitment to advertising.\"\" --Edwin L. Artzt CHAIRMAN AND CEO, PROCTER & GAMBLEINTRODUCTIONDetermining an advertising budget is an old challenge. But, as media choices have become more numerous and the \"\"noise\"\" in the marketplace has increased, the budgeting decision has grown increasingly difficult. This chapter explores some traditionally popular advertising budgeting techniques as well as the new challenges facing advertising managers when dealing with the allocation of budgets for advertising efforts. The relationship between advertising objectives and budget decisions is a vital one. It is important, therefore, to review some of the principles set forth in Chapter 4 to better understand the rationale behind advertising budget allocation models. This chapter will consider long-term and short-term advertising objectives as major criteria for budget decisions. The effectiveness of advertising expenditures will also be examined, as budgeting should be considered a control tool as well as a planning ingredient. TRADITIONAL METHODS OF SETTING BUDGETSThe advertising budgeting decision can be divided into two major components: (1) how much should be spent on advertising and promotion, and (2) how the total advertising and promotion money marked for different media, different products/services, geographic areas or target markets should be spent. Determining the size of the advertising budget is a very important decisioninfluencing the future impact of all of the firm's marketing efforts and determining the firm's future marketing strategy."
},
{
"docid": "D1025265#0",
"title": "http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/compare/United-Kingdom/United-States/Economy\nCountry vs country: United Kingdom and United States compared: Economy stats",
"text": "\"Country vs country: United Kingdom and United States compared: Economy stats Home Country Info Compare United Kingdom vs. United States Economy Compare vs for Submit Definitions Budget > Revenues : Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms Budget surplus > + or deficit > - : This entry records the difference between national government revenues and expenditures, expressed as a percent of GDP. A positive (+) number indicates that revenues exceeded expenditures (a budget surplus), while a negative (-) number indicates the reverse (a budget deficit). Normalizing the data, by dividing the budget balance by GDP, enables easy comparisons across countries and indicates whether a national government saves or borrows money. Countries with high budget deficits (relative to their GDPs) generally have more difficulty raising funds to finance expenditures, than those with lower deficits. Debt > Government debt > Public debt, share of GDP : Public debt as % of GDP (CIA). No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval. Overview : This entry briefly describes the type of economy, including the degree of market orientation, the level of economic development, the most important natural resources, and the unique areas of specialization. It also characterizes major economic events and policy changes in the most recent 12 months and may include a statement about one or two key future macroeconomic trends. Exports : This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. ( free on board) basis."
},
{
"docid": "D2306904#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_war_finance\nConfederate war finance",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Front of Confederate notes (back was unprinted)Confederate war finance was the various means, fiscal and monetary, through which the Confederate States of America financed their war effort during the American Civil War. As the war lasted for virtually the entire existence of the nation, it dominated national finance. Early in the war, the Confederacy relied mostly on tariffs on imports and taxes on exports. However, with the imposition of a voluntary self- embargo in 1861 (intended to \"\"starve\"\" Europe of cotton and force diplomatic recognition of the Confederacy), as well as the blockade of Southern ports enforced by the Union Navy, the revenue from taxes on international trade became smaller and smaller. Likewise, the financing obtained through early voluntary donations of coins and bullion from private individuals in support of the Confederate cause, which early on were quite substantial, dried up by the end of 1861. As a result, the Confederate government was forced to resort to other means of financing its military operations. A \"\"war-tax\"\" was enacted but proved difficult to collect. Likewise, the appropriation of Union property in the South and the forced repudiation of debts owned by Southerners to Northerners failed to raise substantial revenue. The subsequent issuance of government debt and substantial printing of the Confederate dollars contributed to high inflation which plagued the Confederacy until the end of the war, although the military setbacks in the field also played a role by causing loss of confidence and fueling inflationary expectations. [ 1]At the beginning of the war, the Confederate dollar cost 90¢ worth of gold (Union) dollars."
},
{
"docid": "D1189933#0",
"title": "http://www.lao.ca.gov/reports/2013/bud/fiscal-outlook/fiscal-outlook-112013.aspx\nThe 2014-2015 Budget: Californiaâs Fiscal Outlook",
"text": "In This Report Chapter 1: The Budget Outlook The Budget Forecast Surpluses Projected to Grow Steadily LAO Comments Chapter 2: The Economy and Revenues The Economy Federal Policy Housing Revenues Personal Income Tax Sales and Use Tax Corporation Tax Net Transfers and Loans Chapter 3: Spending Projections Education Proposition 98Higher Education Child Care Health and Human Services Judiciary and Criminal Justice Other Programs Executive Summary Forecast Reflects Continued Improvement in California’s Finances. In November 2012, we projected that with continued growth in the economy and restraint in new program commitments, the state budget could see multibillion–dollar operating surpluses within a few years. In 2013, the Legislature and the Governor agreed to a restrained state budget for 2013–14, and our forecast of state tax revenue collections has increased since last year. Accordingly, we now find that California’s state budget situation is even more promising than we projected one year ago. The Budget Outlook Under Current Policies, $5.6 Billion Projected Reserve at End of 2014–15. The state’s 2013–14 budget plan assumed a year–end reserve of $1.1 billion. Our revenue forecast now anticipates $6.4 billion in higher revenues for 2012–13 and 2013–14 combined. These higher revenues are offset by $5 billion in increased expenditures, almost entirely due to greater required spending for schools and community colleges. Combined with a projected $3.2 billion operating surplus for the state in 2014–15, these factors lead us to project that, absent any changes to current laws and policies, the state would end 2014–15 with a $5.6 billion reserve. Future Operating Surpluses Projected."
},
{
"docid": "D2761461#0",
"title": "http://www.drugwarfacts.org/cms/Economics\nEconomics",
"text": "\"Economics Datatables: Federal Drug Control Spending by Function FY2013 through FY2017Estimated Federal Drug Control Spending By Function for Fiscal Years 2003-20171. Federal Drug Control Spending by Function FY2013 through FY2018 (Un-Adjusted)The combined federal drug control budget request for Fiscal Year 2018 is $27.57 billion, up from $23.8 billion in 2013. Click here for complete datatable for Federal Drug Control Spending by Function FY2013 through FY2018 as estimated by ONDCP in May 2017. ONDCP changed its method of accounting for treatment spending in its FY2018 report. According to footnote two for table two, p. 18, in the FY2018 budget report: \"\"The estimates for the CMS [Centers or Medicare and Medicaid Services] reflect Medicaid and Medicare benefit outlays (excluding spending under Medicare Part D) for substance use disorder treatment; they do not reflect budget authority. The methodology for Medicaid estimates has been refined from prior years to more accurately reflect spending. The estimates were developed by the CMS Office of the Actuary.\"\" Questions have arisen regarding this decision, so in order to provide a better understanding of these figures, click here for a complete datatable of Federal Drug Control Spending by Function FY2008 through FY2016 and the request for FY2017 as estimated by ONDCP in December 2016. The FY2017 budget report from ONDCP, which was issued in early January 2017, showed the following final figures for FY2015: Treatment: $12.54 billion (43.4% of total) Prevention: $1.34 billion (4.6% of total) Domestic Law Enforcement: $9.4 billion (32.5% of total) Interdiction: $3.96 billion (13.7% of total) International: $1.64 billion (5.7% of total) Total: $28.88 billion The FY2018 budget report from ONDCP, which was issued in May 2017, shows the following final figures for FY2015: Treatment: $9.55 billion (36.9% of total) Prevention: $1.34 billion (5.2% of total) Domestic Law Enforcement: $9.4 billion (36.3% of total) Interdiction: $3.96 billion (15.3% of total) International: $1.64 billion (6.3% of total) Total: $25.89 billion FY2016 figures were also adjusted: According to the FY2017 Budget Report 2016 Enacted: Treatment: $13.25 billion (43.4%) Prevention: $1.5 billion (4.9%) Domestic Law Enforcement: $9.7 billion (31.7%) Interdiction: $4.48 billion (14.7%) International: $1.64 billion (5.4%) Total: $30.56 billion However according to the FY2018 report: FY2016 Final: Treatment: $9.85 billion (36.6% of total) Prevention: $1.49 billion (5.5% of total) Domestic Law Enforcement: $9.28 billion (34.5% of total) Interdiction: $4.73 billion (17.6% of total) International: $1.52 billion (5.7% of total) Total: $26.87 billion\"\"National Drug Control Budget: FY 2018 Funding Highlights\"\" (Washington, DC: Executive Office of the President, Office of National Drug Control Policy), May 2017, Table 1, p. 16; Table 2, p. 18; and Table 3, p. 19. https://www.whitehouse.gov/sit... \"\"FY 2017 Budget and Performance Summary\"\" (Washington, DC: Executive Office of the President, Office of National Drug Control Policy), December 2016, Table 1, p. 21, and Table 3, p. 24."
},
{
"docid": "D2650681#0",
"title": "http://ers.usda.gov/data-products/ag-and-food-statistics-charting-the-essentials/food-prices-and-spending.aspx\nFood Prices and Spending",
"text": "Food Prices and Spending Retail food prices partially reflect farm-level commodity prices, but packaging, processing, transportation, and other marketing costs, along with competitive factors, have a greater role in determining prices on supermarket shelves and restaurant menus. Monthly price swings in grocery stores for individual food categories, as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI), tend to smooth out into modest yearly increases for food in general. In 2014, U. S. consumers, businesses, and government entities spent $1.46 trillion on food and beverages in grocery stores and other retailers and on away-from-home meals and snacks. Filter By Topic Reset Grocery store food prices higher in fourth quarter 2017 from a year ago The food-at-home CPI rose 0.7 percent from the fourth quarter of 2016 to the fourth quarter 2017. Grocery store prices increased for many at-home food categories, with the largest increases for eggs, pork, and fresh vegetables. The 6.7-percent rise in egg prices reflects the industry’s price recovery from lows in late 2016 and early 2017 due to increased production. Two categories did continue to decline in price during this time period—prices for cereals and bakery products fell 0.7 percent and dairy prices dipped 0.3 percent. Retail food price inflation closely in line with economy-wide inflation From 2013 to 2017, the all-food CPI rose 5.5 percent—a slightly higher increase than the all-items CPI, which was 5.2 percent higher over the same time period. However, food price increases were below the 10.5-percent rise in housing costs and 11.8-percent increase in medical care costs. Increased U. S. production of agricultural commodities, lower transportation costs, and a strong U. S. dollar has eased retail food price inflation over the last two years."
},
{
"docid": "D1410926#0",
"title": "http://www.kff.org/health-costs/issue-brief/snapshots-health-care-spending-in-the-united-states-selected-oecd-countries/\nSnapshots: Health Care Spending in the United States & Selected OECD Countries",
"text": "Snapshots: Health Care Spending in the United States & Selected OECD Countries Published: Apr 12, 2011Facebook Twitter Linked In Email Print Health spending is rising faster than incomes in most developed countries, which raises questions about how countries will pay for their future health care needs. The issue is particularly acute in the United States, which not only spends much more per capita on health care, but also has had one of the highest spending growth rates. Both public and private health expenditures are growing at rates which outpace comparable countries. Despite this higher level of spending, the United States does not achieve better outcomes on many important health measures. This paper uses information from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 1 to compare the level and growth rate of health care spending in the United States to those of other OECD countries. It is reasonably well known that the United States spends more per capita on health care than other countries. What may be less well known is that the United States still has one of the highest growth rates in health care spending. Health care spending around the world is generally rising faster than overall economic growth, so almost all countries have seen health care spending increase as a percentage of their gross domestic product (GDP) over time. In the United States, which has both a high level of health spending per capita and a relatively high rate of real growth in spending, the share of GDP devoted to health care spending grew from 9% of GDP in 1980 to 16% of GDP in 2008. This 7 percentage-point increase in health spending as a share of GDP is one of the largest across the OECD."
},
{
"docid": "D743063#0",
"title": "https://www.bls.gov/news.release/cesan.nr0.htm\nCONSUMER EXPENDITURES--2016",
"text": "CONSUMER EXPENDITURES--2016For release: 10:00 a.m. (EDT), Tuesday, August 29, 2017 USDL-17-1175 Technical Information: (202) 691-6900 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/cex Media Contact : (202) 691-5902 • Press [email protected] CONSUMER EXPENDITURES--2016 Average expenditures per consumer unit1 for 2016 were $57,311, a 2.4-percent increase from 2015 levels, the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. During the same period, the Consumer Price Index (CPI-U) rose 1.3 percent2, and average pre-tax income per consumer unit increased 7.2 percent to $74,664. In 2015, spending increased 4.6 percent from 2014 levels. Six of the eight major components of household spending increased in 2016, as shown in table A. Of these, cash contributions expenditures showed the greatest percentage increase, 14.4 percent. This was followed by expenditures for personal insurance and pensions, rising 7.6 percent, healthcare, rising 6.2 percent, food and housing, both rising 2.6 percent, and entertainment, rising 2.5 percent. Expenditures on transportation fell 4.8 percent, while expenditures on apparel and services fell 2.3 percent. Spending patterns by selected component Expenditures on cash contributions rose again this year, up 14.4 percent after rising 1.7 percent in 2015. Personal insurance and pensions expenditures rose 7.6 percent to $6,831. This was primarily driven by the 8.2-percent increase in pensions and Social Security expenditures. The non-payroll deposits in retirement plans subcomponent was up over 26 percent in 2016 and up over 83 percent since 2014."
},
{
"docid": "D183626#0",
"title": "http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/accounting-for-managers/s14-09-appendix-recording-standard-co.html\n10.9 Appendix: Recording Standard Costs and Variances",
"text": "\"10.9 Appendix: Recording Standard Costs and Variances Learning Objective Explain how to record standard costs and variances using journal entries. This chapter has focused on performing variance analysis to evaluate and control operations. Standard costing systems assist in this process and often involve recording transactions using standard cost information. When accountants use a standard costing system to record transactions, companies are able to quickly identify variances. In addition, inventory and related cost of goods sold are valued using standard cost information, which simplifies the bookkeeping process. Recording Direct Materials Transactions Question: In Figure 10.4 \"\"Direct Materials Variance Analysis for Jerry’s Ice Cream\"\", we calculated two variances for direct materials at Jerry’s Ice Cream: materials price variance and materials quantity variance. How are these variances recorded for transactions related to direct materials? Answer: Two journal entries are needed to record direct materials transactions that include these variances. An example of each is shown next. ( Typically, many more journal entries would be made throughout the year for direct materials."
},
{
"docid": "D3202724#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/30199516/economics-flash-cards/\nEconomics",
"text": "\"311 terms CCowie11Economics These are all the IB economics terms and definitions that an IB Economics students need to know. This is to help IB Economics students remember terms and their definitions better. If there are some words that are in capital letters, it means it is important to remember or it is another term relating to the term's definition. Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Absolute poverty The inability of an individual or a family to afford a basic standard of goods and services, where the standard is absolute and unchanging over time. Absolute poverty is defined in relation to a nationally or internationally determined 'poverty line', which determines the minimum income that can sustain a family in terms of its basic needs. Actual output The quantity of output actually produced by an economy. Ad Valorem Taxes Taxes calculated as a fixed percentage of the price of the good or service; the amount of tax increases as the price of the good or service increases. Administrative barriers Trade protection measures taking the form of administrative procedures that countries may use to prevent the free flow of imports into a country."
},
{
"docid": "D3377330#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/73432519/ch-13-measuring-forecasting-demand-flash-cards/\nCh. 13- Measuring & Forecasting Demand",
"text": "34 terms morgh14Ch. 13- Measuring & Forecasting Demand Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Demand to a Destination Depends on Propensity and Resistance In somewhat more specific terms, the demand for travel to a particular destination will be a function of the person's propensity to travel and the reciprocal of the resistance of the link between origin and destination areas. Thus, Demand = f (propensity, resistance) Propensity can be thought of as a person's predisposition to travel —in other words, how willing the person is to travel, what types of travel experiences he or she prefers, and what types of destinations are considered. A person's propensity to travel will, quite obviously, be determined largely by his or her psychographic profile and travel motivation, as discussed in previous chapters. In addition, a person's socioeconomic status will have an important bearing on propensity. It follows that to estimate a person's propensity to travel, we must understand both psychographic and demographic variables concerning the person. Propensity is directly related to demand. Resistance, on the other hand, relates to the relative attractiveness of various destinations."
},
{
"docid": "D1464776#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/42274288/econ-2020-flash-cards/\nECON 2020",
"text": "\"101 terms Hagen_Butler ECON 2020Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Which of the following is a factor of production? Money In a production possibilities graph with just two products in an economy, the graph shows the quantity of: One product on the vertical axis and the quantity of the another product on the horizontal axis If the opportunity cost of producing extra units of one good (expressed in terms of the amount of another good that is sacrificed) remains constant, then the shape of the production possibilities curve is: A straight downsloping line Which statement is an economic rationale for the law of increasing opportunity costs? Many economic resources are better at producing one product than another When a society is under-allocating resources to the production of a good or service, then the: Marginal benefit is greater than the marginal cost In a graph of the marginal benefit (MB) and marginal cost (MC) of national defense goods, a rightward shift or increase in the MB curve will: Increase the allocation of resources to national defense To improve the rate of growth of labor productivity a number of economists have suggested that there needs to be: An increase in investment relative to consumption One major assumption of the economic perspective is: That individuals' behavior reflect rational self-interest The purpose of the ceteris paribus assumption used in economic analysis is to: Focus on the effect of a single factor on a certain variable Assume that a consumer purchases only two products and there is a decrease in the consumer's income. The prices of the two products stay the same. The change in income will result in a Shift of the budget line inward to the left The production possibilities curve represents: The maximum combinations of products that can be produced with fixed resources and technology The circular flow model: Illustrates the interdependence of businesses and consumers Which statement is correct? In a market system, prices serve to ration goods and services to consumers A characteristic of the market system is: Extensive use of barter The system where workers concentrate on specialized tasks to make a product is referred to as: Division of labor Consider a barter system where you have pens, but you want pencils. To satisfy your want there must be: Coincidence of wants The production technique that is most efficient is the one that produces a given amount of output: at the lowest total cost As new firms enter an expanding industry: Economic profits tend to decline\"\"For whom is a given mix of goods and services to be produced? How, in other words, are the society's outputs to be distributed among its members?\"\" In a market economy, this problem is resolved primarily in the: Private sector through the earning and spending of income Which fundamental economic question does a market system primarily address by focusing on technological advance and capital accumulation? How will the system promote progress?"
},
{
"docid": "D1120749#0",
"title": "http://www.investopedia.com/updates/usa-national-debt/\nThe National Debt Explained",
"text": "The national debt level of the United States has always been a subject of controversy. But, given that four consecutive years of $1 trillion budget deficits (2009-2012) has pushed the national debt to over 100% of gross domestic product (GDP), it is easy to understand why people (beyond politicans and economists) are starting to pay close attention to the issue these days. Unfortunately, the manner in which the debt level is explained to the public is usually pretty obscure. Couple this problem with the fact that many individuals do not understand how the national debt level affects their daily lives, and you have a centerpiece for discussion — and confusion. National debt: share of GDPQuarterly, Jan 1966 - Jan 2017Jan 1, 1970Jan 1, 1975 Jan 1, 1980Jan 1, 1985 Jan 1, 1990Jan 1, 1995 Jan 1, 2000Jan 1, 2005 Jan 1, 2010Jan 1, 2015Source: FRED Created with Datawrapper National Debt vs. Budget Deficits First, it's important to understand what the difference is between the federal government's annual budget deficit (or fiscal deficit) and the outstanding federal debt (or the national public debt, the official accounting term). Simply explained, the federal government generates a budget deficit whenever it spends more money than it brings in through income-generating activities such as individual, corporate or excise taxes. In order to operate in this manner, the Treasury Department has to issue treasury bills, treasury notes and treasury bonds to compensate for the difference: financing its deficit by borrowing from the public (which includes both domestic and foreign investors, as well as corporations and other governments), in other words. By issuing these types of securities, the federal government can acquire the cash that it needs to provide governmental services. The federal or national debt is simply the net accumulation of the federal government's annual budget deficits: It is the total amount of money that the U. S. federal government owes to its creditors. To make an analogy, fiscal deficits are the trees, and federal debt is the forest."
},
{
"docid": "D412869#0",
"title": "https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/ag-and-food-statistics-charting-the-essentials/food-prices-and-spending.aspx\nFood Prices and Spending",
"text": "Food Prices and Spending Retail food prices partially reflect farm-level commodity prices, but packaging, processing, transportation, and other marketing costs, along with competitive factors, have a greater role in determining prices on supermarket shelves and restaurant menus. Monthly price swings in grocery stores for individual food categories, as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI), tend to smooth out into modest yearly increases for food in general. In 2014, U. S. consumers, businesses, and government entities spent $1.46 trillion on food and beverages in grocery stores and other retailers and on away-from-home meals and snacks. Filter By Topic Reset Grocery store food prices higher in fourth quarter 2017 from a year ago The food-at-home CPI rose 0.7 percent from the fourth quarter of 2016 to the fourth quarter 2017. Grocery store prices increased for many at-home food categories, with the largest increases for eggs, pork, and fresh vegetables. The 6.7-percent rise in egg prices reflects the industry’s price recovery from lows in late 2016 and early 2017 due to increased production. Two categories did continue to decline in price during this time period—prices for cereals and bakery products fell 0.7 percent and dairy prices dipped 0.3 percent. Retail food price inflation closely in line with economy-wide inflation From 2013 to 2017, the all-food CPI rose 5.5 percent—a slightly higher increase than the all-items CPI, which was 5.2 percent higher over the same time period. However, food price increases were below the 10.5-percent rise in housing costs and 11.8-percent increase in medical care costs. Increased U. S. production of agricultural commodities, lower transportation costs, and a strong U. S. dollar has eased retail food price inflation over the last two years."
},
{
"docid": "D3102459#0",
"title": "https://www.coursehero.com/file/11164317/exam-2-version-31/\nexam 2 version 3 (1) - Exam Nameâââââââ 0...",
"text": "exam 2 version 3 (1) - Exam Name——————— 0... SCHOOLSUNY Buffalo COURSE TITLEECO 181TYPETest Prep UPLOADED BYjdlesser PAGES 10 RATINGS75 % ( 4)This preview shows pages 1–10. Sign up to view the full content. View Full Document This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. View Full Document This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. View Full Document This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. View Full Document This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version."
},
{
"docid": "D2756883#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_fixed_capital_formation\nGross fixed capital formation",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Gross capital formation in % of gross domestic product in world economy Gross fixed capital formation ( GFCF) is a macroeconomic concept used in official national accounts such as the United Nations System of National Accounts (UNSNA), National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) and the European System of Accounts (ESA). The concept dates back to the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) studies of Simon Kuznets of capital formation in the 1930s, and standard measures for it were adopted in the 1950s. Statistically it measures the value of acquisitions of new or existing fixed assets by the business sector, governments and \"\"pure\"\" households (excluding their unincorporated enterprises) less disposals of fixed assets. GFCF is a component of the expenditure on gross domestic product (GDP), and thus shows something about how much of the new value added in the economy is invested rather than consumed. GFCF is called \"\"gross\"\" because the measure does not make any adjustments to deduct the consumption of fixed capital ( depreciation of fixed assets) from the investment figures. For the analysis of the development of the productive capital stock, it is important to measure the value of the acquisitions less disposals of fixed assets beyond replacement for obsolescence of existing assets due to normal wear and tear. \"\" Net fixed investment\"\" includes the depreciation of existing assets from the figures for new fixed investment, and is called net fixed capital formation. [ 1]GFCF is not a measure of total investment, because only the value of net additions to fixed assets is measured, and all kinds of financial assets are excluded, as well as stocks of inventories and other operating costs (the latter included in intermediate consumption ). If, for example, one examines a company balance sheet, it is easy to see that fixed assets are only one component of the total annual capital outlay. The most important exclusion from GFCF is land sales and purchases."
},
{
"docid": "D545128#0",
"title": "https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/macroeconomics/aggregate-supply-demand-topic/aggregate-supply-demand-tut/a/building-a-model-of-aggregate-demand-and-aggregate-supply-cnx\nKey points",
"text": "\"Key points Aggregate supply is the total quantity of output firms will produce and sell—in other words, the real GDP. The upward-sloping aggregate supply curve —also known as the short run aggregate supply curve —shows the positive relationship between price level and real GDP in the short run. The aggregate supply curve slopes up because when the price level for outputs increases while the price level of inputs remains fixed, the opportunity for additional profits encourages more production. Potential GDP, or full-employment GDP, is the maximum quantity that an economy can produce given full employment of its existing levels of labor, physical capital, technology, and institutions. Aggregate demand is the amount of total spending on domestic goods and services in an economy. The downward-sloping aggregate demand curve shows the relationship between the price level for outputs and the quantity of total spending in the economy. Introduction To understand and use a macroeconomic model, we first need to understand how the average price of all goods and services produced in an economy affects the total quantity of output and the total amount of spending on goods and services in that economy. The aggregate supply curve Firms make decisions about what quantity to supply based on the profits they expect to earn. Profits, in turn, are also determined by the price of the outputs the firm sells and by the price of the inputs—like labor or raw materials—the firm needs to buy. Aggregate supply, or AS, refers to the total quantity of output—in other words, real GDP—firms will produce and sell."
},
{
"docid": "D3459832#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071217004650AAhnYBv\nWhat is equilibrium level of national income? show that the aggregate demand (c+l) and aggregate supply (c+s)?",
"text": "\"Social Science Economics What is equilibrium level of national income? show that the aggregate demand (c+l) and aggregate supply (c+s)?schedules determines the same level of national income as saving and investment schedules. thanks a lot.1 following 3 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Equilibrium level of income is solved from the following system of equations/ macro-economic identies: Yd= C+ I -assuming for simplicity no G or T (govt. spending or Taxes)., Yd is aggregate demand C= C (Y). ie C is a function of Y and I (r, Y) means Investment I is a function of r, rate of interest and Y, income Now savings S (Y, r)= Y - C, In equlibrium, Yd= Y But, Y-C = I Therefore, S (Y, r) = I (r, Y) Now see the detailed explanation: In economics, aggregate demand is the total demand for final goods and services in the economy (Y) at a given time and price level [1]. This is the demand for the gross domestic product of a country when inventory levels are static. It is often called effective demand or abbreviated as 'AD'. In a general aggregate supply-demand chart, the aggregate demand curve (AD) slopes downward (indicating that higher outputs are demanded at lower price levels). An aggregate demand curve is the sum of individual demand curves for different sectors of the economy. The aggregate demand is usually described as a linear sum of four separable demand sources."
}
] |
8732 | _____ occurs when people are persuaded on the basis of factors unrelated to the nature or quality of the content of a persuasive message. | [
{
"docid": "D2050554#0",
"title": "https://www.coursehero.com/file/12798358/Chap017pdf-ans/\nChap017.pdf ans - Chapter 17 Social Psychology Multiple...",
"text": "Chap017.pdf ans - Chapter 17 Social Psychology Multiple... SCHOOLAmerican University of Beirut COURSE TITLEPSYC 201TYPETest Prep UPLOADED BYthesurgeon PAGES 70 RATINGS97 % ( 29)This preview shows pages 1–4. Sign up to view the full content. View Full Document Chapter 17Social Psychology Multiple Choice Questions1. ( p. 595) Mr. Muller has an unfavorable view of an offshore drilling moratoriumenacted in the wake of a major oil rig explosion in the Gulf of Mexico. A socialpsychologist would most likely say that Mr. Muller has a (n): A. attribution for the moratorium. B. schema for the moratorium. C. impression of the moratorium. D. attitude toward the moratorium. APA Goal Outcome: 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 52-12. ( p. 595) Which of the following is true of factors that determine changes inattitudes?"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D286344#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeper_effect\nSleeper effect",
"text": "\"Sleeper effect From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search The sleeper effect is a psychological phenomenon that relates to persuasion. It is a delayed increase of the effect of a message that is accompanied by a discounting cue. Figure A: Normal Decay Figure B: Sleeper Effect Contents [ hide ]1 The sleeper effect2 Controversy about the existence of a \"\"sleeper effect\"\"3 First identified4 Hypotheses on how the sleeper effect occurs4.1 Forgetting and dissociation4.2 Differential decay5 See also6 Notes7 References8 Further reading The sleeper effect [ edit]When people are exposed normally to a persuasive message (such as an engaging or persuasive television advertisement), their attitudes toward the advocacy of the message display a significant increase. Over time, however, their newly formed attitudes seem to gravitate back toward the opinion held prior to receiving the message, almost as if they were never exposed to the communication. This pattern of normal decay in attitudes has been documented as the most frequently observed longitudinal pattern of persuasion research (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). In contrast, some messages are often accompanied with a discounting cue (e.g., a message disclaimer, a low-credibility source) that would arouse a recipient’s suspicion of the validity of the message and suppress any attitude change that might occur by exposure to the message alone. Furthermore, when people are exposed to a persuasive message followed by a discounting cue, people tend to be more persuaded over time; this is referred to as the sleeper effect (Hovland & Weiss, 1951; Cook & Flay, 1978). For example, in political campaigns during important elections, undecided voters often see negative advertisements about a party or candidate for office. At the end of the advertisement, they also might notice that the opposing candidate paid for the advertisement. Presumably, this would make voters question the truthfulness of the advertisement, and consequently, they may not be persuaded initially."
},
{
"docid": "D1459566#0",
"title": "http://ritter.tea.state.tx.us/rules/tac/chapter110/ch110c.html\n.",
"text": "\"Chapter 110. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for English Language Arts and Reading Subchapter C. High School Statutory Authority: The provisions of this Subchapter C issued under the Texas Education Code, §§7.102 (c) (4), 28.002, and 28.025, unless otherwise noted.§110.30. Implementation of Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for English Language Arts and Reading, High School, Beginning with School Year 2009-2010. ( a) The provisions of §§110.31-110.34 of this subchapter shall be implemented by school districts beginning with the 2009-2010 school year. ( b) Students must develop the ability to comprehend and process material from a wide range of texts. Student expectations for Reading/Comprehension Skills as provided in this subsection are described for the appropriate grade level. Figure: 19 TAC §110.30 (b)Source: The provisions of this §110.30 adopted to be effective September 4, 2008, 33 Tex Reg 7162; amended to be effective February 22, 2010, 35 Tex Reg 1462.§110.31. English Language Arts and Reading, English I (One Credit), Beginning with School Year 2009-2010. ( a) Introduction. ( 1) The English Language Arts and Reading Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) are organized into the following strands: Reading, where students read and understand a wide variety of literary and informational texts; Writing, where students compose a variety of written texts with a clear controlling idea, coherent organization, and sufficient detail; Research, where students are expected to know how to locate a range of relevant sources and evaluate, synthesize, and present ideas and information; Listening and Speaking, where students listen and respond to the ideas of others while contributing their own ideas in conversations and in groups; and Oral and Written Conventions, where students learn how to use the oral and written conventions of the English language in speaking and writing."
},
{
"docid": "D3259052#0",
"title": "https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/public-speaking-practice-and-ethics/s09-01-general-purposes-of-speaking.html\n6.1 General Purposes of Speaking",
"text": "6.1 General Purposes of Speaking Learning Objectives Differentiate among the three types of general speech purposes. Examine the basics of informative speech topics and some common forms of informative speeches. Examine the basics of persuasive speech topics and some common forms of persuasive speeches. Examine the basics of entertaining speech topics and some common forms of entertaining speeches. © Thinkstock What do you think of when you hear the word “purpose”? Technically speaking, a purpose can be defined as why something exists, how we use an object, or why we make something. For the purposes of public speaking, all three can be applicable. For example, when we talk about a speech’s purpose, we can question why a specific speech was given; we can question how we are supposed to use the information within a speech; and we can question why we are personally creating a speech. For this specific chapter, we are more interested in that last aspect of the definition of the word “purpose”: why we give speeches. Ever since scholars started writing about public speaking as a distinct phenomenon, there have been a range of different systems created to classify the types of speeches people may give."
},
{
"docid": "D1598901#0",
"title": "http://www.speaking.pitt.edu/student/public-speaking/basics.html\nPublic Speaking: The Basics",
"text": "\"Public Speaking: The Basics Presenting a good speech requires practice and knowledge. There are a few basics to get started. Approaching the Speaking Situation: Audience, Occasion, Purpose Structuring The Speech Argument: Claims, Reasons, and Evidence Oral Discourse and Extemporaneous Delivery Approaching the Speaking Situation: Audience, Occasion, Purpose Communication, both spoken and written, is always addressed to an audience, a set of listeners or readers you are intending to convey information to or have some effect upon. Public speaking differs from written communication in that the audience is present, gathered for some occasion. That occasion has norms and expectations that a speaker must recognize. Finally, a public speaker has some purpose, something they are trying to accomplish or set in motion. Good public speaking always accounts for these three components. Audience. Speakers communicate differently to different audiences. To take a simple example, people tell their grandmothers about their new “significant other” in a different way than they tell their best friend."
},
{
"docid": "D173087#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_%28sociology%29\nAttitude (psychology)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Attitude (sociology))navigation search This article is about the psychological construct. For other uses of attitude, see Attitude. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( December 2011) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)In psychology, attitude is a psychological construct, a mental and emotional entity that inheres in, or characterizes a person. [ 1] They are complex and an acquired state through experiences. It is an individual's predisposed state of mind regarding a value and it is precipitated through a responsive expression toward a person, place, thing, or event (the attitude object) which in turn influences the individual's thought and action. Prominent psychologist Gordon Allport described this latent psychological construct as \"\"the most distinctive and indispensable concept in contemporary social psychology .\"\" [ 2] Attitude can be formed from a person's past and present. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1299913#0",
"title": "https://www.coursepaper.com/stm-22324/\n.",
"text": "\"Home > Test Bank > STM 22324STM 22324Subscribers only. The answer may locate at the end of this page. According to your textbook, the best way to prepare to give your first speech is to memorize it and deliver it word for word. Answer: View Answer You should try to look at the audience about 50 percent of the time while you are giving a speech. Answer: View Answer Language needs to be appropriate to a speaker himself or herself, as well as to the audience, topic, and occasion. Answer: View Answer Research has shown that examples have little effect on listeners’ beliefs and actions. Answer: View Answer The best way to gain the audience’s attention and interest in a speech introduction usually depends on the topic, the audience, and the occasion. Answer: View Answer According to your textbook, task needs involve the communicative actions necessary to maintain interpersonal relations in a small group. Answer: View Answer The most effective order for the main points of a speech depends upon the topic, the specific purpose, and the audience. Answer: View Answer Your textbook recommends using visual aids to make statistics easier for listeners to comprehend."
},
{
"docid": "D775105#0",
"title": "https://nego4biz.wordpress.com/theories/\n.",
"text": "Chapter 1: Introduction to Negotiation6 Characteristics of a Negotiation Situation 1. Two or more parties involved • It involves two or more individuals, groups or organizations2. Conflict of needs & desires • What one party wants is may not be what the other wants3. Voluntary process • Negotiators negotiate by choice • Believe that they can get a better deal by negotiating than accepting what is voluntarily exchanged4. “ Give & take “ process • Parties move away from their opening positions to middle position (compromise) to reach an agreement accepted by both5. Preference for negotiation & search for agreement to fighting openly • Parties prefer to invent their own solution that resolves the conflict • No fixed rules on how to resolve the conflict6. Management of tangibles & resolution of intangibles • Intangible factors (psychological motivations) that may directly or indirectly influence parties in negotiation • Examples : the need to “win”, “look good”, protect one’s reputation • Have enormous influence on negotiation processes & outcomes Interdependence – Parties need each other to achieve their desired objectives / outcomes. – Either they need to coordinate with each other to achieve their own objectives – Or choose to work together because joint efforts can produce better outcomes than individual effort Types of Interdependence affect Outcomes • Goals of both parties are interconnected such that only 1 party achieve his/her goal Zero-sum / distributive situation , -ve correlation between their goal attainments • Goals of both parties are linked such that when 1 party’s goal achievement helps the other party achieve his/her goal as well Non-zero-sum / integrative situation , +ve correlation between their goal attainments Alternatives Shape Interdependence • Desirability of alternatives to working together is used to evaluate interdependence • Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA) • Need to understand one’s & counterpart’s BATNAMutual Adjustment – One of the key causes of changes occurring during negotiation – One assumption for successful mutual adjustment : the more information one has about the other party , the better – However, too much information may only confuse the parties involved Mutual Adjustment & Concession Making • When one party adjust his position to the another nearer to the counterpart’s position, it’s concession making • Parties involved will likely make similar concessions until a mutual agreement is reached. Two dilemmas in Mutual Adjustment Dilemma of honesty o How much to tell the other party? o Revealing too much info puts one in a vulnerable position, susceptible to being taken advantage of o Revealing too little info may not help in allowing both parties to look for an agreement Dilemma of trust o How much should one believe what the other party says?"
},
{
"docid": "D2463592#0",
"title": "http://www.scripps.ohiou.edu/wjmcr/vol02/2-1a-B.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Effectiveness of Negative Political Advertising Won Ho Chang, Jae-Jin Park, and Sung Wook Shim [ WJMCR 2:1 December 1998]Sections: Introduction | Hypotheses | Method | Results | Conclusion Introduction Throughout history politicians have used various methods, such as whistle-stop speeches, political advertising and political rallies, to achieve their \"\"primary goal, the winning of votes.\"\" 1 However, over the years, politicians have found that it is most advantageous to use political advertising to persuade voters. According to Ansolabehere, Behr and Iyengar (1991), campaign spending in the United States grew fifteen-fold since 1952 from $140 million to nearly $2 billion in 1988. 2 They say less than 5 percent of campaign expenditures in 1952 were devoted to radio and television time. By 1972, 15 percent of campaign expenditures were for broadcasting. By1988, about 20 percent of nearly $2 billion went to purchase airtime. If you add the salaries of media consultants and advertising production costs, at least 40 percent of campaign dollars are spent on media expenditures in 1988. 3 Dwight Eisenhower's campaign in 1956 was the first presidential campaign which relied heavily on political television commercials. 4 After the election, \"\"Truman, referring to the effects of political advertising . . . commented that it was the first time in 148 years that a president had been elected without carrying a Congress with him.\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D3500342#0",
"title": "http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Persuasive_communication\nPersuasive communication",
"text": "\"in: Attitude change, Communication, Social influences Persuasive communication Edit Share Assessment | Biopsychology | Comparative | Cognitive | Developmental | Language | Individual differences | Personality | Philosophy | Social | Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |Social psychology: Altruism · Attribution · Attitudes · Conformity · Discrimination · Groups · Interpersonal relations · Obedience · Prejudice · Norms · Perception · Index · Outline Persuasion is a form of social influence. It is the process of guiding people toward the adoption of an idea, attitude, or action by rational and symbolic (though not only logical) means. It is a problem-solving strategy, and relies on \"\"appeals\"\" rather than force. Dissuasion is the process of convincing someone not to believe or act on something. Persuasion is often confused with manipulation, which is the act of guiding another towards something that is not in their best interest by subverting their thought processes. Persuasion is meant to benefit all parties in the end. Aristotle says that \"\"Rhetoric is the art of discovering, in a particular case, the available means of persuasion. \"\" Contents [ show]Attitude change through persuasion. Edit Attitudes can be changed through persuasion. The celebrated work of Carl Hovland, at Yale University in the 1950s and 1960s, helped to advance knowledge of persuasion."
},
{
"docid": "D3285850#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/communication\nCommunication",
"text": "Communication, the exchange of meanings between individuals through a common system of symbols.communication Operator at a telephone switchboard, c. 1900. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. This article treats the functions, types, and psychology of communication. For a treatment of animal communication, seeanimal behaviour. For further treatment of the basic components and techniques of human communication, see language; speech; writing. For technological aspects, including communications devices and information systems, see broadcasting; dictionary; encyclopaedia; information processing; information theory; library; printing; publishing, history of; telecommunications media; telecommunications network; telecommunications system. The subject of communication has concerned scholars since the time of ancient Greece. Until modern times, however, the topic was usually subsumed under other disciplines and taken for granted as a natural process inherent to each. In 1928 the English literary critic and author I. A. Richards offered one of the first—and in some ways still the best—definitions of communication as a discrete aspect of human enterprise: Communication takes place when one mind so acts upon its environment that another mind is influenced, and in that other mind an experience occurs which is like the experience in the first mind, and is caused in part by that experience. Richards’s definition is both general and rough, but its application to nearly all kinds of communication—including those between humans and animals (but excluding machines)—separated the contents of messages from the processes in human affairs by which these messages are transmitted. More recently, questions have been raised concerning the adequacy of any single definition of the term communication as it is currently employed."
},
{
"docid": "D1299983#0",
"title": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1052045717300322\nRegular paperNorm entrepreneur lobbying and persuasion: A case study involving the IASB's modification of an exposure draft",
"text": "Research in Accounting Regulation Volume 29, Issue 2, October 2017, Pages 129-138Regular paper Norm entrepreneur lobbying and persuasion: A case study involving the IASB's modification of an exposure draft Noriaki Okamoto Show morehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.racreg.2017.09.004 Get rights and content Abstract The dynamics of IFRS are a significant influence on regulators and accounting standard setters in many countries. Many previous studies on accounting standard setting have focused on comment letter submissions and analyzed the relationship between lobbying behavior and lobbyists’ attributes (e.g., Larson, 2008). However, how and to what extent each actor can participate effectively in the IASB's standard-setting process has not been thoroughly studied. This case study deals with this issue and contributes to the literature by introducing the theoretical perspective of norm entrepreneur actions during accounting standard setting. It investigates a case involving the modification of an IFRS exposure draft that did not reflect Japanese opinions. This study identifies two factors that appear to be crucial in relation to the IASB's final decision: the actions of Japanese norm entrepreneurs and their analogical persuasion. Previous article Next article Keywords Accounting standard setting International financial reporting standards (IFRS) International politics Norm entrepreneur Analogical reasoning1. Introduction As more than 130 jurisdictions already either require or permit the use of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) ( Pacter, 2016 ), the dynamics of IFRS have a significant influence on regulators and accounting standard setters in many countries. Thus, a national accounting standard setter's previous experience in terms of securing political support for domestic standard-setting processes may no longer be relevant ( Richardson & Eberlein, 2011 ). Rather, each country's accounting standard setter must not only consider their domestic accounting regulations but also participate effectively in establishing IFRS by conveying national concerns to the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)."
},
{
"docid": "D3475709#0",
"title": "http://wikieducator.org/Group_Discussion\nGroup Discussion",
"text": "\"OERu's Digital citizenship micro-course starts 4 April 2018 Study for free. Reserve your seat and register today. Group Discussionnavigation search Learning Objectives To Know the nature and significance of Group discussion. To understand the characteristics of successful group discussion. To identify the areas of evaluation in successful group discussion. To get trained about the method of participation in the Group Discussion. To know how to acquire the oral skills and the body language used for effective Group Discussion. Introduction Discussions of any sort are supposed to help us develop a better perspective on issues by bringing out diverse view points. Whenever we exchange differing views on an issue,we get a clearer picture of the problem and are able to understand it. The understanding makes us better equipped to deal with the problem."
},
{
"docid": "D2480812#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_exposure_theory\nSelective exposure theory",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Selective exposure is a theory within the practice of psychology, often used in media and communication research, that historically refers to individuals' tendency to favor information which reinforces their pre-existing views while avoiding contradictory information. Selective exposure has also been known and defined as \"\"congeniality bias\"\" or \"\" confirmation bias \"\" in various texts throughout the years. [ 1]According to the historical use of the term, people tend to select specific aspects of exposed information which they incorporate into their mindset. These selections are made based on their perspectives, beliefs, attitudes and decisions. [ 2] People can mentally dissect the information they are exposed to and select favorable evidence, while ignoring the unfavorable. The foundation of this theory is rooted in the cognitive dissonance theory, which asserts that when individuals are confronted with contrasting ideas, certain mental defense mechanisms are activated to produce harmony between new ideas and pre-existing beliefs, which results in cognitive equilibrium. Cognitive equilibrium, which is defined as a state of balance between a person's mental representation of the world and his or her environment, is crucial to understanding selective exposure theory. According to Jean Piaget, when a mismatch occurs, people find it to be \"\"inherently dissatisfying\"\". [ 3]Selective exposure relies on the assumption that one will continue to seek out information on an issue even after an individual has taken a stance on it. The position that a person has taken will be colored by various factors of that issue that are reinforced during the decision-making process."
},
{
"docid": "D1043503#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/28251419/rhetoric-flash-cards/\nRHETORIC",
"text": "\"164 terms Morgan PCrawford RHETORICProfessor: Rory Lee at FSULearn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Cicero believed it was important to do good deeds, etc. The collected worth resulted in, what? Gravitas What were Aristotle's 3 appeals? Explain. 1. Ethos: credibility-convincing by the character of the author 2. Logos: logical-persuading by appealing to the audience's knowledge/actual speech content itself 3. Pathos: emotional-persuading by the use of the emotions Who would say \"\"nothing wrong with abuse\"\"?"
},
{
"docid": "D286346#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation_theory_(psychology)\nTransportation theory (psychology)",
"text": "\"Narrative transportation theory proposes that when people lose themselves in a story, their attitudes and intentions change to reflect that story. The mental state of narrative transportation can explain the persuasive effect of stories on people, who may experience narrative transportation when certain contextual and personal preconditions are met, as Green and Brock [1] postulate for the transportation-imagery model. As van Laer, de Ruyter, Visconti, and Wetzels [2] elaborate further, narrative transportation occurs whenever the story receiver experiences a feeling of entering a world evoked by the narrative because of empathy for the story characters and imagination of the story plot. Contents [ hide ]1 Defining the field1.1 Relevant features1.2 Similar constructs2 Narrative persuasion2.1 Rival models2.2 Differences between analytical and narrative persuasion2.3 Sleeper effect3 See also4 References Defining the field [ edit]Deighton, Romer, and Mc Queen [3]: 335 anticipate the construct of narrative transportation by arguing that a story invites story receivers into the action it portrays and, as a result, makes them lose themselves in the story. [ 4] Gerrig [5] was the first to coin the notion of narrative transportation within the context of novels. Using travel as a metaphor for reading, he conceptualizes narrative transportation as a state of detachment from the world of origin that the story receiver—in his words, the traveler—experiences because of his or her engrossment in the story, a condition that Green and Brock [6] later describe as the story receiver's experience of being carried away by the story. Notably, the state of narrative transportation makes the world of origin partially inaccessible to the story receiver, thus marking a clear separation in terms of here/there and now/before, or narrative world/world of origin. Relevant features [ edit]Most research on narrative transportation follows the original definition of the construct. Scholars in the field constantly reaffirm the relevance of three features. Narrative transportation requires that people process stories—the acts of receiving and interpreting."
},
{
"docid": "D2485637#0",
"title": "https://www.scribd.com/doc/70172532/History-of-Rhetoric\nCONTENTS",
"text": "\"CONTENTSPrefacexiii 1 31An Overviewof Rhetoric Rhetoric and Persuasion Defining Rhetoric Rhetorical Discourse Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric5 7 8 10Is Planned 8 Is Adapted to an Audience Reveals Human Motives Is Responsive 11 Seeks Persuasion 12Social Functions of the Art of Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Rhetoric Tests Ideas 16 Assists Advocacy 17 Distributes Power 18 Discovers Facts 20 Shapes Knowledge 21 Builds Community 2215Conclusion23 2S 26Questions for Review Questions for Discussion Terms 282The Originsand Early Historyof Rhetoric The Rise of Rhetoric in Ancient Greece The Sophists 34 36 What the Sophists Taught 34 Why the Sophists Were Controversial3132Three Influential Sophists Gorgias Protagoras Isocrates 39 42 4339 , vi CONTENTS CONTENTSvii Aspasia's Role in Athenian Rhetoric Conclusion 47 48 4845The Topoi, or Lines of Argument Special Topics Common Topics 85 85 Some Common Fallacies84Questions for Review Questions for Discussion Terms 4986Aristotle on Style Conclusion86873Questions for Review88 88Plato versus the Sophists: Rhetoricon Trial Plato's S3 54Questions for Discussion Terms 89Gorgias: Rhetoric on Trial54The Debate with Gorgias: Rhetoric's Nature and Uses Socrates versus Polus: Rhetoric as Power 56 Socrates versus Callicles: Bad Actor, Bad Act 60 The Outcome of the Gorgias 61 Is Plato Fair to Rhetoric and the Sophists? 62 Rhetoric in Plato's5Rhetoricat Rome92 93 93 94 95Roman Society and the Place of Rhetoric Rhetoric and Political Power Rhetoric and Roman Education The Rhetorical Theory of Cicero De Inventione 96 The Canons of Rhetoric 97Phaedrus: A True Art? 6563Components of a Techne of Rhetoric Conclusion 68 69 69Questions for Review Questions for Discussion Terms 69Stasis and Topical Systems 98 Hermagoras and the Development of Topoi De Oratore 101 The End of Cicero's Life 105 Quintilian 106 107 107 109 110 1121004Aristotleon Rhetoric72 73Aristotle's Definitions of Rhetoric Rhetoric and Dialectic 74 Rhetoric as Techne 75 Three Rhetorical Settings Deliberative Oratory 79 Epideictic Oratory 80 Forensic Oratory 81 The Artistic Proofs 81 78Rhetoric and the Good Citizen Educating the Citizen-Orator Longinus: On the Sublime The Emotive Power of Language Rhetoric in the Later Roman Empire The Second Sophistic Conclusion 114 114 115 112Questions for Review Questions for Discussion Terms 115Logos: The Logic of Sound Arguments 82 Pathos: The Psychology of Emotion 82 Ethos: The Sociology of Good Chamcter 83 viii CONTENTSCONTENTSix6Rhetoric in Christian Europe Rhetoric, Tension, and Fragmentation Rhetoric and the Medieval Curriculum121 121 123Women and Renaissance Rhetoric150 152Italian Humanism: A Catalyst for Rhetoric's Expansion Rhetoric as Personal and Politicallnfiuence Rhetoric and the Emotions 154153 154Rhetoric in the Early Middle Ages: Augustine, Capella, and Boetbius 124 St. Augustine 124 Augustine's Rhetorical Theory 125 De Doctrina Christiana 127 Augustine on Signs 128 Augustine's Contribution to Rhetoric Humanism, Rhetoric, and the Study of Classical Texts Petrarch and the Origins of Italian Humanism The Greatness That Was Rome 157156 158Pico della Mirandola and the Magic of Language Bringing Order through Language 128 159Juan Luis Vives160 160Martianus Capella Boetbius 130 Differentiis Topicis129 130Rhetoric and the Vita Activa Agricola 161 162The Thm toward Dialectic: Rhetoric and Its Critics 131 Peter Ramus161Three Rhetorical Arts in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries The Art of Preaching 131 132 Themes, Sermons, and Moral Persuasion Ornaments 133Renaissance Rhetorics in Britain Conclusion 164 165 165164The Art of Letter Writing The Parts ofa Letter 135133Questions for Review Questions for Discussion Terms 166The Art of Poetry137Geoffrey of Vinsauf 137 Marie de France 139Conclusion140 140 1418Enlightenment Rhetorics The Rhetoric of the Imagination170 171 173 172Questions for Review Questions for Discussion Terms 141Vico on Rhetoric and Human Thought Rhetoric and the Evolution of Human Thought British Rhetorics in the Eighteenth Century1757Rhetoric in British Education175Rhetoric in the Renaissance Features of Renaissance Rhetoric145 146The Elocutionary Movement Thomas Sheridan 177176 178Classical and Medieval Sources 146 Rhetoric and Renaissance Education 147The Belletristic Movement 149 Lord Kames Hugh Blair 179 180Lorenzo Valla: Retrieving the Rhetorical Tradition x CONTENTSCONTENTSxi George Campbell and Scientific Rhetoric A Scientific Rhetoric 182 Rhetoric and Psychology 183 Two TYpesof Reasoning: Scientific and Moral A Theory of Persuasion 184 Education in Eloquence 185182Deirdre Mc Closkey and tbe Rhetoric of Economics Clifford Geertz and Rhetoric in Anthropology 212211184Michael Billig and the Rhetoric of Social Psychology Plays and Games without Arguments? 214213 214Jobn Campbell on the Rhetoric of Cbarles Darwin Natural Selection and the Religious Audience 215Richard Whately's Classical Rhetoric An Ecclesiastic Rhetoric 186 Whately on Argument 187 Presumption and Burden of Proof186Conclusion 188217 218 218Questions for Review Questions for Discussion Terms 219Conclusion189 190 190Questions for Review Questions for Discussion Terms 19110Contemporary Rhetoric U: The Rhetoric of Situation, Drama, and Narration 224 Rhetoric in Its Social Context: The Dramatic and Situational Views 225 Kenneth Burke and Rhetoric as Symbolic Action Rhetoric as \"\"Symbolic Inducement\"\" Terministic Screens and Being Human Burke's Pentad 227 Form 230 225 2269Contemporary Rhetoric I: Argument, Audience, and Science 195 Argumentation and Rational Discourse The Centrality of Audience 197 The Universal Audience 199 The Audience of One 200 The Self as Audience 200 Presence 201225196 196Perelman and Olbrechts- Tyteca: A New Rhetoric Lloyd Bitzer and Rhetoric as Situational The Exigence 232 The Audience 232 Constraints 233 The Fitting Response232Stephen Toulmin and the Uses of Argument Argument Fields 202 Field-Dependent and Field-Invariant Standards Modal Qualifiers 203 Toulmin's Famous Model 204202 203233Rhetoric as Narration234 234 235Mikhail Bakhtin and the Polyphonic Novel Discourse as Ideological and Social 235 Polyphonic Discourse: Hearing Many Voices Jurgen Habermas and the Conditions of Rational Discourse Communicative Action and the Rational Society 205 The Universality of the Rhetorical 206 Universal Pragmatics and the Communicative Competence Critical Theory and the Critique of Ideology 207205Wayne Booth and the Rhetoric of Fiction Ernest Bormann and the Rhetoric of Fantasy Symbolic Convergence The Narrative Paradigm Practical Wisdom 241 238236 237 239207Walter Fisher and Rhetoric as Narration 240Argumentation and Scientific Inquiry Advocacy in the Sciences 210208 xii CONTENTSConclusion241 242 242PREFACEQuestions for Review Questions for Discussion Terms 24311Contemporary Rhetoric m: Discourse, Power, and Social Criticism 247 Michel Foucault: Discourse, Knowledge, and Power Power and Discourse Escape 250 248 250 248Archaeology of Knowledge: In Search of the Episteme Excluded Discourse 252 Power and Institutions 253Jacques Derrida: Texts, Meanings, and Deconstruction Authors Out of Control Deconstructing Texts 255 2552S4Ricbard Weaver: Rbetoric and the Preservation of Culture Critique of Modernism 258 Critique of Scientism 259 Weaver on Education 259 A True Rhetoric 260258Feminism and Rbetoric: Critique and Reform in Rbetoric The Need for a Woman's Voice 261 Reconceptnalizing Rhetoric: Voice, Gender, Invitation Constructing Gender Rhetorically 263 From Conquest to Invitation 263 262260George Kennedy and Comparative Rbetoric Conclusion 268265Questions for Review Questions for Discussion Terms 269268 269Index296The History and Theory of Rhetoric provides students with an interesting and readable survey of the history of rhetoric and equips them with an accessible conceptual framework for evaluating and practicing persuasive writing and speaking. It introduces readers to many of the major theories of rhetoric advanced by some of the western world's greatest minds. Through encountering the rhetorical tradition, students are encouraged to develop their own rhetorical abilities and are equipped to understand the symbolic practices that mark our social and private lives. In this second edition I have attempted to refine the presentation of a unifying and practical overview of the historical sweep of rhetorical theory that animated the first edition. My goals are to help students to understand what rhetoric is. to appreciate the important social functions it performs, and to recognize how theories of rhetoric help us to improve our understanding and practice of this essential art. In The History and Theory of Rhetoric I present the story of rhetoric in a manner that is historically accurate and intellectually stimulating."
},
{
"docid": "D1744807#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/22947535/public-speaking-flash-cards/\nPublic Speaking",
"text": "\"182 terms sieg92Public Speaking Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortpersuasion a deliberate attempt by the speaker to create, reinforce or change the attitudes, beliefs, values and or behaviors of the listenerattitudes learned and persistent psychological responses, predisposition's or inclinations to act one way to feel one way toward somethingbeliefs anything that people have learned to accept as plausible based on interpretation and judgment - can be harder to changevalues core beliefs - are enduring principles related to wroth or what a person sees as right or wrongbehaviors unconcealed actions or reaction people have, often in response to some sort of stimulistimulate when you overcome your apathy in your audience or reinforce an existing attitude, belief, value or behavioractuate ask your audience to take actionproposition of fact, value and policy fact - what is accurate and what is not value - what has worth, what is good, wise and ethical policy - answers what procedures, plan, or courses of action need to be terminated and or implementedappeals (proofs) are the means by which you prove or establish the argument you are makingcoercion forcing somebody via threats or intimidation to do something against their willpathos deals with the listeners emotion, using audience sympathy or imagination to affect themmythos relates to a sense of one's history in the larger culture and the need to be a member of that cultureethnocentrism notion that one culture or viewpoint is superior to otherssafety needs vs. physiological needs need for overall security and protection vs. need for food, water, air and general comfort and sexmonroe's motivated sequence attention stage- direct your audiences attention toward you and your topic need stage - you demonstrate to your audience that they have one of the needs in their hierarchy satisfaction stage- you propose a solution to meet the need visualization stage- you help the audience visualize the benefits of the solution action stage- you tell the audience what they must do to adopt the solution and achieve satisfactioncognitive dissonance theory emphasized the human need to be in a harmonious state (constant stage) but can have conflicting attitudes ex - eating pizza and loving it then later feeling guiltyexpectancy outcome value theory people will evaluate the cost, benefit or value related to making a change in an attitude, value, belief or behavior to decide if it is worthwhile or notelaboration likelihood model people process persuasive messages based on their commitment or involvement. The model argues that people will process your message by one of two ways - central or peripheralcentral processing vs. peripheral processing members are motivated and want to think critically about your topic ( buying a home) vs. members who see your message as irrelevant or uninteresting and will not pay close attention (grocery shopping)ethos credibility inspired by the speakers character - how the audience views you, not how you view your selfcompetency the audience perception of how knowledgeable you are about your topiccharacter the audience perception of your intentions and of the concern you have for the audiencecharisma audience perception of your personalitythree levels of ethos initial level - the credibility your audience perceives in you before your speech starts derived level - the credibility with your audience assigns you during your speech based on the content and effectiveness of the speech terminal level - your credibility with your audience after you have finished your speechlogos appeal to listeners ability to reason through stats, facts and expert testimonyhierarchy of needs theory states that humans have a set of needs that must be met 1. self actualization - relate to the need to reach your highest goal of potential 2. self esteem needs - relate to the need for respect or being viewed by others as important 3. social needs - related to the need to belong 4. safety needs - overall security and protection, sense of safety in your home and relationships 5. physiological needs - needs for food, water, air, comfort, sexarguments have three parts claim, evidence, warrants claim - the assertion you are making and will be of fact, value, or policy evidence - the info that proves your claim (ex. facts) warrants - assumptions that act as links between the evidence and the claimauthoritative warrant link the evidence to the claim by assuming that the claim is accurate based on the credibility of the source of the support materialmotivational warrant link the evidence to the claim based on the speakers and audiences needs and valuessubstantive warrant link the evidence to the claim based on the reliability of the support materials (are there enough examples or data to make it convincing)argument by deductions constructs a series of general statements that together prove the claim/conclusion correct -use two formats syllogism or enthymemesyllogism classical form of deductive reasoning with the structure of major premise, minor premise, and conclusionenthymeme when one of your premises will be obvious or common knowledge that you will not need to state itargument by induction you will argue from specific cases to a general statement suggesting something to be likely based on the specific caseargument by analogy when you create this, you conclude that something will be accurate for one case if it is true for another similar if A is true then so is Bargument by cause attempts to demonstrate a relationship between two events or factors in which one of the events or factors causes the otherargument by authority locates is power in the ethos of the testimony of others you might use to support your claimfallacy when a speaker unintentionally or intentionally creates a faulty argumenthasty generalization occurs when you use faulty inductive reasoning."
},
{
"docid": "D56026#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surprise_(emotion)\nSurprise (emotion)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Part of a series on Emotions Affection Anger Angst Anguish Annoyance Anticipation Anxiety Apathy Arousal Awe Boredom Confidence Contempt Contentment Courage Curiosity Depression Desire Despair Disappointment Disgust Distrust Ecstasy Embarrassment Empathy Enthusiasm Envy Euphoria Fear Frustration Gratitude Grief Guilt Happiness Hatred Hope Horror Hostility Humiliation Interest Jealousy Joy Loneliness Love Lust Outrage Panic Passion Pity Pleasure Pride Rage Regret Rejection Remorse Resentment Sadness Saudade Schadenfreude Self-confidence Shame Shock Shyness Sorrow Suffering Surprise Trust Wonder Worryv t e This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( September 2007) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Surprise ( pronunciation ( help · info)) is a brief mental and physiological state, a startle response experienced by animals and humans as the result of an unexpected event. Surprise can have any valence; that is, it can be neutral/moderate, pleasant, unpleasant, positive, or negative. Surprise can occur in varying levels of intensity ranging from very-surprised, which may induce the fight-or-flight response, or little-surprise that elicits a less intense response to the stimuli. Contents [ hide ]1 Construction2 Non-verbal responses3 Verbal responses4 Physiological responses5 Familiarity6 See also7 References8 External links Construction [ edit]Facial expressions of astonishment A child looks at her i Pad with surprise. Surprise is intimately connected to the idea of acting in accordance with a set of rules. When the rules of reality generating events of daily life separate from the rule-of-thumb expectations, surprise is the outcome. Surprise represents the difference between expectations and reality, the gap between our assumptions and expectations about worldly events and the way that those events actually turn out. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3195452#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documentary_mode\nDocumentary mode",
"text": "\"This article is written like a personal reflection or opinion essay that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings about a topic. Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style. ( October 2009) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Documentary mode is a conceptual scheme developed by American documentary theorist Bill Nichols that seeks to distinguish particular traits and conventions of various documentary film styles. Nichols identifies six different documentary 'modes' in his schema: poetic, expository, observational, participatory, reflexive, and performative. While Nichols' discussion of modes does progress chronologically with the order of their appearance in practice, documentary film often returns to themes and devices from previous modes. Therefore, it is inaccurate to think of modes as historical punctuation marks in an evolution towards an ultimate accepted documentary style. Also, modes are not mutually exclusive. There is often significant overlapping between modalities within individual documentary features. As Nichols points out, \"\"the characteristics of a given mode function as a dominant in a given film…but they do not dictate or determine every aspect of its organization.\"\" The documentary must contain 4 overweight males belly dancing at some point in the documentary to count. ("
},
{
"docid": "D1558035#0",
"title": "http://www.aect.org/edtech/ed1/34/34-03.html\n.",
"text": "\"34.3 Theories of Attitude Change Several attitude change categorization schemes have been proposed in the literature (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993; O'Keefe, 1990), and most are similar. For this discussion, attitude theories have been organized into four categories (see 11.6): Consistency theories Learning theories Social judgment theories Functional theories The study of attitudes has been approached with varying emphases and methods during most of this century. Prior to World War II, the emphasis was on definition issues and attitude measurement. Most studies were of a survey nature and provided important correlational findings, but little insight into causality. Experimental techniques such as control groups or comparison groups were notably absent (Himmelfarb & Eagly, 1974). This changed dramatically during World War H. Attitude change was an important topic of Army-sponsored research (see 1. 10). Because of the influence of experimental psychologists such as Carl Hovland, true experimental techniques were used to study the persuasive effects of propaganda. The work of Hovland and his associates in the area of attitude change research was continued after the war at Yale University. Theories developed by this group served as an organizational framework for the study of attitude change (Hovland, Janis & Kelley, 1953; Himmelfarb & Eagly, 1974; Insko, 1967; O'Keefe, 1990)."
}
] |
8734 | _____ refers to a legal document that reflects the patient advance care planning. | [
{
"docid": "D1060690#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advance_healthcare_directive\nAdvance healthcare directive",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Wills, trusts and estates Part of the common law series Wills Legal history of wills Joint wills and mutual wills Will contract Codicil Holographic will Oral will Sections Attestation clause Residuary clause Incorporation by reference Contest Testamentary capacity Undue influence Insane delusion Fraud No-contest clause Property disposition Lapse and anti-lapse Ademption Abatement Satisfaction of legacies Acts of independent significance Elective share Pretermitted heir Wills and conflict of laws Trusts Express Resulting Constructive Common types Bare Discretionary Accumulation and maintenance Interest in possession Charitable Purpose Incentive Other types Protective Spendthrift Life insurance Remainder Life interest Reversionary interest Testamentary Honorary Asset-protection Special needs Supplemental needs Governing doctrines Pour-over will Cy-près doctrine Hague Convention (conflict law)Application in civil law Dishonest assistance Estate administration Intestacy Testator Probate Power of appointment Simultaneous death Slayer rule Laughing heir Advancement Disclaimer of interest Inheritance tax Related topics Advance directive (Living will) Blind trust Forced heirship Reverse Morris Trust Totten trust Other common law areas Contract Tort Property Criminal law Evidencev t e An advance healthcare directive, also known as living will, personal directive, advance directive, medical directive or advance decision, is a legal document in which a person specifies what actions should be taken for their health if they are no longer able to make decisions for themselves because of illness or incapacity. In the U. S. it has a legal status in itself, whereas in some countries it is legally persuasive without being a legal document. A living will is one form of advance directive, leaving instructions for treatment. Another form is a specific type of power of attorney or health care proxy, in which the person authorizes someone (an agent) to make decisions on their behalf when they are incapacitated. People are often encouraged to complete both documents to provide comprehensive guidance regarding their care, although they may be combined into a single form. [ 1] An example of combination documents includes the Five Wishes in the United States. The term living will is also the commonly recognised vernacular in many countries, especially the U. K. [2]Contents [ hide ]1 Background2 Living will3 Durable power of attorney and healthcare proxy3.1 Second generation advance directives3.2 Third generation advance directives4 Legal situation by country4.1 Australia4.2 Canada4.3 England and Wales4.4 Germany4.5 Italy4.6 The Netherlands4.7 Switzerland4.8 United States4.9 India5 See also6 References7 External links Background [ edit]Advance directives were created in response to the increasing sophistication and prevalence of medical technology. [ 3] [4] Numerous studies have documented critical deficits in the medical care of the dying; it has been found to be unnecessarily prolonged, [5] painful, [6] expensive, [7] [8] and emotionally burdensome to both patients and their families. [ 9] [10]Living will [ edit]Refusal of treatment form The living will is the oldest form of advance directive. It was first proposed by an Illinois attorney, Luis Kutner, in a law journal in 1969. ["
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D607982#0",
"title": "http://kspope.com/consent/index.php\nInformed Consent in Psychotherapy & Counseling",
"text": "\"home » informed consent Informed Consent in Psychotherapy & Counseling: Forms, Standards & Guidelines, & References Kenneth S. Pope, Ph. D., ABPPPLEASE NOTE: I created this site to be fully accessible for people with disabilities; please follow this link to change text size, color, or contrast; please follow this link for other accessibility functions for those with visual, mobility, and other disabilities. I gathered the following 3 sets of resources that may be helpful in thinking through the process of informed consent:links to a variety of forms for informed consent from the American Psychological Association Insurance Trust; the University of Rochester Counseling Center; Laura Brown Ph. D., ABPP; Keely Kolmes, Psy. D.; Bruce Borskosky, Psy. D.; and the Center for Ethical Practice;excerpts addressing informed consent from the standards and guidelines of professional associations (with links to the original documents) including American Association for Marriage & Family Therapy; American Association of Christian Counselors; American Association of Spinal Cord Injury Psychologists & Social Workers; American Group Psychotherapy Association; American Mental Health Counselors Association; American Psychoanalytic Association; American Psychological Association; Association for Specialists in Group Work; British Association for Counselling & Psychotherapy; British Columbia Association of Clinical Counsellors; California Board of Behavioral Sciences; Canadian Counselling Association; Canadian Psychiatric Association; Canadian Psychological Association; Irish Association for Counseling & Therapy; National Association of Social Workers; National Board for Certified Counselors; and Psychological Society of Ireland; andquotes and information about informed consent from articles, books, and studies. Sample Informed Consent Forms Informed Consent forms from the The Trust (formerly American Psychological Association Insurance Trust) This site includes forms for: Sample Informed Consent Form / Sample Psychotherapist Contract Sample Forensic Informed Consent Contract / Sample Psychotherapist Contract Sample Outpatient Services Agreement for Collaterals Sample Coaching Contract Sample Child Therapy Contract Sample Electronic Communication Policy Informed Consent for Psychotherapy from Laura S. Brown, Ph. D., ABPP This site also includes forms for: Note-taking form for psychotherapy Agreement to work with attorney as a forensic expert Informed consent for forensic assessment Informed Consent for Assessment and Treatment from the University of Rochester Counseling Center Informed Consent to Disclose Therapy Records to the Legal System from Bruce Borkosky, Psy. D. My Private Practice Social Media Policy: Information for Clients from Keely Kolmes, Psy. D. Adolescent Informed Consent for Psychotherapy from the Center for Ethical Practice This site also includes forms for: Clinical Consultation Contract\"\"Notice of Privacy Practices\"\" - Informed Consent Re: Limits of Confidentiality Confidentiality Contract (Couples Therapy)Formal Standards and Guidelines for Informed Consent NOTE: Please follow this link for a more comprehensive array of professional standards and guidelines than those below."
},
{
"docid": "D670609#0",
"title": "http://www.medtran.ru/eng/trials/protomechanics/ch1.htm\n",
"text": "\"I. GUIDELINES FOR PROTOCOL PREPARATIONThis manual is intended to be a guide for investigators and other clinical staff – at all levels of experience – to the development, approval, and conduct of a protocol in the Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). This manual describes the steps necessary to design a good clinical protocol; defines the review process needed to ensure scientific validity, ethical merit, and other hallmarks of good research; and outlines the process of managing a study using the protocol and other research tools. It does not deal with particular problems of health and disease, but rather with some of the many customs, rules, and laws applicable to the conduct of human research at or with the Clinical Center (CC). The CC serves a dual purpose. As a hospital, it provides care, with the goal of returning its patients to the fullest possible health and well-being. As a research hospital, however, the CC serves the broader purpose of seeking cures to human illness, disease, or disability through the most advanced clinical research program in the world. The clinical research enterprise is admittedly complex. Because clinical research involves human research subjects, we must pay more attention to its ethical, regulatory, and procedural aspects than we do to research conducted in a laboratory setting. Moreover, the increasing complexity of the research itself also affects the process of designing and managing protocols. Clinical Research Protocol The term \"\"protocol\"\" is defined as a complete written description of, and scientific rationale for, a research activity involving human subjects."
},
{
"docid": "D2000116#0",
"title": "http://www.nj.gov/health/medicalmarijuana/pat_faqs.shtml\nMedicinal Marijuana Program",
"text": "\"When will the new conditions be added? I have opioid use disorder. Am I eligible to get medicinal marijuana? When can I sign up using a mobile device? When will you eliminate the 10% limit on THC? When can I buy four ounces per month? When will patients be able to register at more than one ATC? When will all patients by able to buy edibles? Will there be enough supply of product if there are only 5 operating ATCs, no satellites and several new conditions added with a lot of new patients? When will Harmony Foundation open in Secaucus?"
},
{
"docid": "D735369#0",
"title": "http://brooksidepress.org/Products/Nursing_Care_of_the_Surgical_Patient/lesson_1_Section_1.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Although the physician is responsible for explaining the surgical procedure to the patient, the patient may ask the nurse questions about the surgery. There may be specific learning needs about the surgery that the patient and support persons should know. A nursing care plan and a teaching plan should be carried out. During this phase, emphasis is placed on:a. Assessing and correcting physiological and psychological problems that may increase surgical risk.b. Giving the patient and significant others complete learning and teaching guidelines regarding the surgery.c. Instructing and demonstrating exercises that will benefit the patient postoperatively.d. Planning for discharge and any projected changes in lifestyle due to the surgery.1-4. SURGICAL EXPERIENCESurgery is an important event in any individual's life. It represents a serious decision involving the patient's body and his health."
},
{
"docid": "D219047#0",
"title": "http://library.ahima.org/doc?oid=104008\nFundamentals of the Legal Health Record and Designated Record Set",
"text": "\"Fundamentals of the Legal Health Record and Designated Record Set Throughout this brief, sentences marked with the † symbol indicate AHIMA best practices in health information management. These practices are collected in the new AHIMA Compendium, offering health information management professionals \"\"just in time\"\" guidance as they research and address practice challenges. For years healthcare organizations have struggled to define their legal health records and align them with the designated record set required by the HIPAA privacy rule. Questions often arise about the differences between the two sets because both identify information that must be disclosed upon request. The expanding scope of health records adds to the challenge of defining and compiling these record sets. An individual's record can consist of a facility's record, outpatient diagnostic test results or therapies, pharmacy records, physician records, other care providers' records, and the patient's own personal health record. Administrative and financial documents and data may be intermingled with clinical data. In addition, the type of media on which information is recorded is also expanding. Source records may include diagnostic images, video, voice files, and e-mail. The organization must determine which of these data elements, electronic-structured documents, images, audio files, and video files to include."
},
{
"docid": "D3314346#0",
"title": "http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2005/08/29100428/04341\nScottish Government",
"text": "\"Mental Health (care and treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003: Code of Practice Volume 1« Previous | Contents | Next »Listen Chapter 6: P atient Representation (Part 17, Chapters 1 and 2)Introduction This chapter describes three important issues relating to patient representation: named persons, advance statements and independent advocacy. The chapter begins with a discussion of the right to nominate a named person in accordance with the provisions of Part 17 Chapter 1 of the Act. A named person is entitled to receive certain information about the patient who has nominated them and can act for them in certain circumstances, such as where the Tribunal is determining an application for a compulsory treatment order. The chapter then turns to the subject of advance statements which can be made in accordance with the provisions of sections 275 to 276 of the Act. Finally the Chapter describes the patient's right to access independent advocacy as set out in Part 17 Chapter 2 of the Act and includes best practice guidance for mental health officers, hospital managers and general practitioners. The term \"\"patient\"\" has been used throughout this chapter to refer to the person nominating a named person or making an advance statement. It is acknowledged that a person who has no history of mental disorder may wish to implement one or both of these provisions, and that in this case \"\"patient\"\" as defined by the Act as 'a person who has or appears to have a mental disorder' would ordinarily be inappropriate. However, to avoid confusion and to ensure consistency, \"\"patient\"\" is used throughout. Named Person What is a named person?01 In addition to their own rights to have their views heard, and to support and assistance, a patient's spouse or partner, relatives and carers may have an important role in mental health legislation in protecting the interests of a patient subject to compulsory measures, if they are appointed as a patient's named person under the Act.02 The Act creates a new role - the \"\"named person\"\" - who has particular powers and rights in relation to patients who become subject to compulsory powers, whether under the 1995 Act or the 2003 Act.03 Broadly speaking, the named person has similar rights to the patient to apply to the Tribunal, to appear and be represented at Tribunal hearings (for example, concerning compulsory treatment orders, appeals against short term detention, review of compulsion orders etc. ), and to appeal."
},
{
"docid": "D279880#0",
"title": "http://healthydebate.ca/opinions/patient-centred-mean-achievable\nDate:January 5, 2015Author:Andreas Laupacis & Jennifer GibsonShare this opinion",
"text": "Date: January 5, 2015Author: Andreas Laupacis & Jennifer Gibson Share this opinion“Patient-centred” – what does it mean and how achievable is it?“Patient-centred care” is on everyone’s lips these days. But, do we all agree what it is and when it has been achieved? And does patient centredness create new ethical dilemmas for patients and providers? The University of Toronto Joint Centre for Bioethics (JCB) and Healthy Debate are partnering to explore some of the practical and ethical implications of patient-centredness. We would like to explore two major themes: i) what patient-centredness means to different people within health care; and ii) how we can use examples of ethical dilemmas around patient centredness to understand the different perspectives and get closer to the goal we all want – a health care system that serves the needs of patients. Patient-centredness varies, depending on one’s perspective Patient-centredness can mean different things to different people. For patients, it can mean that the care they receive reflects their values and preferences and they feel they are treated as a whole person. Clinicians may see patient-centredness as advocating for their patients to ensure their needs are met. Organizations within health care, such as family health teams and hospitals, may consider themselves patient-centred when they involve patients on committees and use the results of patient satisfaction surveys to inform their decisions. Policy makers sometimes describe patient centredness as a measure of health system performance or as a principle to strive for when designing health services within the budgets they have been allocated."
},
{
"docid": "D3321184#0",
"title": "http://www.health.ny.gov/professionals/patients/patient_rights/palliative_care/practitioners/questions_and_answers.htm\nQuestions and Answers About Palliative Care, Hospice, and the Palliative Care Information Act",
"text": "\"You are Here: Home Page > Palliative Care Information Act - Guidance for Practitioners > Questions and Answers About Palliative Care, Hospice, and the Palliative Care Information Act Questions and Answers About Palliative Care, Hospice, and the Palliative Care Information Act Please Note: The Palliative Care Information Act has been amended. Effective January 14, 2013, \"\"attending health care practitioners\"\" will be required to offer to provide information and counseling to terminally ill patients regarding \"\"other appropriate treatment options should the patient wish to initiate or continue treatment.\"\" This is in addition to the current requirement to offer to provide information and counseling regarding prognosis; the range of options, including palliative care and end-of-life options, appropriate to the patient; risks and benefits of options; and pain management. Please review the questions and answers below for further information. Question: What is palliative care? Question: Is palliative care the same thing as hospice? Question: What types of practitioners are subject to the law? Question: What types of information should an \"\"attending health care practitioner\"\" offer a terminally-ill patient about palliative care and other appropriate treatment options in order to comply with the law? Question: The statute requires that the offer of information and counseling must be \"\"appropriate to the patient.\"\" What does this mean?"
},
{
"docid": "D2351172#0",
"title": "http://www.studymode.com/subjects/systematic-approach-in-nursing-page1.html\n\"\"\"Systematic Approach In Nursing\"\" Essays and Research Papers\"",
"text": "\"Systematic Approach In Nursing MODULE 1 SYTEMATIC APPROACH TO MANAGING OHS ASSESSMENT Module 1 PROJECT 1 Write a detailed report on the implementation of a systematic approach to managing OHS. Your report might be theoretical or based on your specific workplace. Ensure that you include the following: Requirements for record-keeping Sources of OHS information and data Consultative arrangements OHS action plans OHS specialists (internal or external) and technical advisors Other... Employment, Management, Material safety data sheet 1354 Words | 5 Pages Open Document The Systematic Approach to Training THE SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO TRAINING A. What is Systematic Approach to Training (SAT) The Systematic Approach to Training (SAT) is a methodology for managing training programmes. It is an orderly; logical approach to determining what people must know and do at a particular job or a specific profession. The systematic approach to training ensures that people are prepared for their work by having the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes to their job. SAT begins with identifying people's... Employment, Learning, Performance 1412 Words | 5 Pages Open Document Tips for Instructions to Find a Systematic Review -Nursing Instructions To Find A Systematic Review For N3609 1. To find a systematic review from The Cochrane Library, go online to the UTEP library http://libraryweb.utep.edu/ a. enter into databases under the online resources b. click on \"\" nursing \"\" as the subject c. click on \"\"The Cochrane Library\"\" link which will take you directly to the site. 2. Avoid entering the Cochrane site directly, since often they do require a fee for downloads for some reviews. All reviews through the... Cochrane Collaboration, Cochrane Library, Evidence-based medicine 495 Words | 3 Pages Open Document Job Analysis: A Systematic Approachhowever, needs a systematic approach to determine the right employee for the right position."
},
{
"docid": "D2596865#0",
"title": "http://www.op.nysed.gov/prof/dent/dentpracticeguide.htm\nOffice of the Professions",
"text": "\"NYSED / OP / Professions / Dentistry / Practice Guidelines Practice Guidelines These Guidelines are offered as a matter of general guidance and do not carry the force of law. Specific questions should be directed to the actual statutory or regulatory language. Please see Deputy Commissioner's March 1999 Memo on Professional Practice Guidelines. Patient Confidentiality | Recordkeeping | Supervision | Patient Abandonment | Consultation with Other Professionals | Fee Disputes | Insurance Billing and Pitfalls | Professional Conduct in Patient Relations | Office Hygiene - Infection Control | Questions or Additional Information Patient Confidentiality Privacy is a patient right. Dentists have an ethical and legal responsibility to safeguard patient information. Patient information includes such information as personal data, medical history, diagnosis, treatment, and financial situation. Patient information should be shared only on a need-to-know basis with those who participate in the care of the patient. Unless disclosure is required or permitted by law, patient information should not be shared with anyone without the patient's written permission. Court orders, subpoenas and investigations by the Office of Professional Discipline are examples of disclosures that may be required even in the absence of the patient's consent. Patient information, written or electronic, must be kept secure from loss, theft, or unauthorized access, use or disclosure."
},
{
"docid": "D3198358#0",
"title": "http://library.ahima.org/xpedio/groups/public/documents/ahima/bok1_048372.hcsp\nMigrating from Paper to EHRs in Physician Practices",
"text": "\"Migrating from Paper to EHRs in Physician Practices A successful transition from paper-based charts to electronic health records (EHRs) in the physician practice or clinic requires careful coordination of many moving parts. A myriad of challenging and complex decisions must be made, ranging from selection and implementation to training and maintenance. Failure to adequately evaluate the clinical workflows and information needs associated with providing care and a lack of planning during and after go-live will result in a fall back to paper, thereby jeopardizing the success of the EHR adoption. This practice brief outlines the considerations and decisions that must be made for an effective migration from paper to EHRs within a physician practice or clinic. It also provides recommendations about what to do with historical patient information contained in the paper records that exist at the time of the changeover. Decisions, Decisions Physician practices and clinics must consider the following questions when transitioning to EHRs: Which historical patient information should be available for patient visits during and after the transition? What are the best methods of converting this information to the EHR? What is the best way to ensure that the converted data and information is of sufficient quality? How long should the paper record be available after the conversion? How long do paper records need to be kept after the transition to the EHR?"
},
{
"docid": "D3385659#0",
"title": "https://www.health.ny.gov/professionals/patients/patient_rights/molst/frequently_asked_questions.htm\nFrequently Asked Questions (FAQs)",
"text": "\"You are Here: Home Page > Medical Orders for Life Sustaining Treatment (MOLST) > Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)January 2012What is MOLST (Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment)? Honoring patient preferences is a critical element in providing quality end-of-life care. Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (MOLST) is a program designed to improve the quality of care patients receive at the end of life by translating patient goals for care and preferences into medical orders. MOLST is based on communication between the patient, his or her health care agent or other designated surrogate decision-maker, and health care professionals that ensures shared, informed medical decision-making. What is the DOH-5003 MOLST form? To help physicians and other health care providers discuss and convey a patient's wishes regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and other life-sustaining treatment, the Department of Health has approved a physician order form DOH-5003 MOLST, which can be used statewide by health care practitioners and facilities. The MOLST form is a bright pink medical order form signed by a New York State licensed physician or a border state physician that tells others the patient's medical orders for life-sustaining treatment. All health care professionals must follow these medical orders as the patient moves from one location to another, unless a physician examines the patient, reviews the orders, and changes them. The MOLST serves as a single document that contains a patient's goals and preferences regarding: Resuscitation instructions when the patient has no pulse and/or is not breathing Instructions for intubation and mechanical ventilation when the patient has a pulse and the patient is breathing Treatment guidelines Future hospitalization and transfer Artificially administered fluids and nutrition Antibiotics Other instructions about treatments not listed Under State law, the MOLST form is the only authorized form in New York State for documenting both nonhospital Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) and Do Not Intubate (DNI) orders. In addition, the form is beneficial to patients and providers as it provides specific medical orders and is recognized and used in a variety of health care settings."
},
{
"docid": "D3259009#0",
"title": "https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Ethics/Informed-Consent\nInformed Consent*",
"text": "\"Number 439, August 2009 (Reaffirmed 2015)Committee on Ethics PDF Format Informed Consent*ABSTRACT: Obtaining informed consent for medical treatment, for participation in medical research, and for participation in teaching exercises involving students and residents is an ethical requirement that is partially reflected in legal doctrines and requirements. As an ethical doctrine, informed consent is a process of communication whereby a patient is enabled to make an informed and voluntary decision about accepting or declining medical care. In this Committee Opinion, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Committee on Ethics describes the history, ethical basis, and purpose of informed consent and identifies special ethical questions pertinent to the practice of obstetrics and gynecology. Two major elements in the ethical concept of informed consent, comprehension (or understanding) and free consent, are reviewed. Limits to informed consent are addressed. * Update of \"\"Informed Consent\"\" in Ethics in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Edition, 2004. Informed consent is an ethical concept that has become integral to contemporary medical ethics and medical practice. In recognition of the ethical importance of informed consent, the Committee on Ethics of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) affirms the following eight statements: Obtaining informed consent for medical treatment, for participation in medical research, and for participation in teaching exercises involving students and residents is an ethical requirement that is partially reflected in legal doctrines and requirements. Seeking informed consent expresses respect for the patient as a person; it particularly respects a patient's moral right to bodily integrity, to self-determination regarding sexuality and reproductive capacities, and to support of the patient's freedom to make decisions within caring relationships. Informed consent not only ensures the protection of the patient against unwanted medical treatment, but it also makes possible the patient's active involvement in her medical planning and care."
},
{
"docid": "D2973937#0",
"title": "http://www.mentalhealthwales.net/mhw/act.php\nThe Mental Health Act 1983, amended in 2007",
"text": "The Mental Health Act 1983, amended in 2007A BRIEF GUIDE FOR MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE USERS AND THEIR FAMILIESThe 1983 Mental Health Act is, and remains, the important piece of legislation setting out the legal framework for compulsory powers in England and Wales. The 2007 Act amended the 1983 Act, rather than replacing it. Unfortunately this means that mental health law has become more complicated and so this Guide briefly explains both where the law has changed, and also where it remains the same. The 1983 Act was previously amended in 1995 by the Mental Health (Patients in the Community) Act which created “supervised discharge” or “after-care under supervision”, and this has been important for people receiving “Section 25 aftercare”. This 1995 Act is replaced by the 2007 Act, and “Section 25 aftercare” has ended. It is replaced by Supervised Community Treatment which we explain in more detail later. Along with the 1983 Act there was a Code of Practice which gave guidance on how the Act should be applied in both England and Wales. This Code has been rewritten to reflect the changes in the 2007 Act and, very importantly, there is now a separate version specifically for Wales. The Mental Health Act Code of Practice for Wales came into force in November 2008. It is a long document (around 240 pages) and it will be important in directing how mental health legislation is applied in Wales."
},
{
"docid": "D519274#0",
"title": "https://thedma.org/resources/compliance-resources/hipaa/\nHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability Act",
"text": "Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act NOTE: This is not legal advice. The DMA is providing you with general information about the rules below and DMA-related member guidelines. For legal questions specific to your company, please ensure you are working with your own legal counsel who can represent your organization. What is HIPAA, and what does it do? Pursuant to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996, the Department of Health and Human Services promulgates rules and regulations to regulate the privacy and security of medical information. The purpose of the law is to improve portability of health insurance coverage, reduce healthcare fraud and abuse and to protect individual privacy of personal health records. Please note that after HIPAA went into effect, several sets of regulations were promulgated, two rules are key for marketers—the “Privacy Rule” and the “Security Rule”. The Privacy rule creates national standards to protect the privacy of personal information, while the Security Rule governs the security of electronic healthcare information. Each must be reviewed by organizations that are using health information of individuals. To view the entire rule and related materials, see http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/hipaa HHS announced changes in January, 2013, called the “omnibus” rule, to provide the public with increased control over personal health information as a result of enhanced enforcement by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Act (HITECH) enacted as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and other rulemaking proceedings since 2009."
},
{
"docid": "D1180920#0",
"title": "http://www.northernlakescmh.org/aamental-health-information/terms-acronyms/\nTerms & Acronyms",
"text": "AAA Area Agency on Aging – Covers several Northern Michigan counties. Access Means the ability or the means necessary to read, write, modify, or communicate data/information or otherwise use any system resource. Barriers or lack thereof for persons in obtaining services. Access is more than having insurance coverage or the ability to pay for services. It is also determined by the availability of services, acceptability of services, cultural appropriateness, location, hours of operation, transportation needs, and cost. ACT Assertive Community Treatment – a model of intensive, non-office- centered client services management, psychiatric care and other supportive services for adults with chronic mental illnesses. The ACT model is also used in serving children with long-term mental illnesses. ADA American Disabilities Act ADL Advanced Daily Living Skills – training in self-care, cooking, housekeeping and other skills needed in daily living, to enable consumers to function more independently. They encompass a broad range of activities, including maintaining personal hygiene, preparing meals, and managing household chores. Administrative Safeguards Are administrative actions, and policies and procedures, to manage the selection, development, implementation, and maintenance of security measures to protect electronic protected health information and to manage the conduct of the covered entity’s workforce in relation to the protection of that information."
},
{
"docid": "D2098628#0",
"title": "http://www.thirteen.org/bid/p-hypothetical.html\n.",
"text": "\"H ypothetical Scenarios Welcome to Centerville, and the Centerville Browser's Bookstore and Coffee Shop. At one of the tables, sipping an espresso and looking over a stack of books about philosophy and patients' rights, is patron Paul Vargas; over by the travel section are other customers, Alan Russo and his wife. And finally, notable only by her absence, is bookstore employee Cathleen Johnson.... The scene is now set for the latest Fred Friendly Seminar, BEFORE I DIE: MEDICAL CARE AND PERSONAL CHOICES. Following are three scenarios depicting the lives of each of the people introduced above. Throughout the program, a distinguished panel of experts assumes the roles of patients, family members, doctors, nurses, ethicists and spiritual advisors to examine some of the most daunting social, ethical and medical dilemmas related to dying in America today. The topics explored include: the inability of many people to talk about and face death; the nebulous nature of advance directives; the moral question of physician-assisted suicide; the strain of patient/physician communication; the effect of managed care on end-of-life options; the complexity of pain control; the promise of hospice care; the role of spirituality; the final authority on treatment options and the necessity of end-of-life medical training. Cathleen's Story Even under the best circumstances, terminal illness presents countless physical and emotional obstacles for patients both in seeking treatment and in preparing for their last days. The following story depicts many such challenges, and represents the universal medical nightmare that so many fear. Cathleen Johnson, a mother of two, is faced with the stark news that she has advanced breast cancer. Although Cathleen is startled by her diagnosis, she quickly finds herself engaged in frank and emotionally difficult conversations with her surgeon, her oncologist and her family about the progression of her disease and her chances of survival."
},
{
"docid": "D882850#0",
"title": "https://provider.ghc.org/open/render.jhtml?item=/open/workingWithGroupHealth/records-standards.xml\nMedical Records and Documentation Standards",
"text": "Medical Records and Documentation Standards [ From the Provider Manual ]The purpose of complete and accurate patient record documentation is to foster quality and continuity of care. It creates a means of communication between providers and between providers and members about health status, preventive health services, treatment, planning, and delivery of care. Medical Records Standards Our medical record standards reflect the importance of confidentiality and accessibility by authorized users only. We require you to: Keep a unique, individual record for each patient Establish an organized record-keeping system to ensure that medical records are easily retrievable for review and available for use when needed, including at each patient visit Store and maintain medical records in a centralized and secured location accessible only to authorized personnel and provide equivalent security for electronic medical records Maintain and organize documents within medical records in a specified order Ensure that documents are fastened securely within a paper medical record Provide periodic training in confidentiality and security for patient information Providing Documentation of Referral Encounters Whenever a Kaiser Permanente or contracted provider (other than a member's personal physician) sees a Kaiser Permanente member, complete documentation of the encounter must be made available to the referring provider and the member's personal physician. If the documentation is not added directly to the Kaiser Permanente electronic medical record, copies of the relevant medical records must be provided within five working days of the visit. Promptly forwarding the records ensures that the personal physician has a complete medical record on file and that the referring provider has necessary information. Documentation Standards Our documentation standards reflect the importance of complete, timely, and accurate health information. Kaiser Permanente expects the following concerning documentation: Member identifiers appear on every piece of documentation Entries are legible to others and are recorded in black or blue ink if on paper Entries are dated and authenticated by the author Documentation is made at the time service is provided Documentation must support all codes submitted Only standard medical abbreviations should be used in documentation All patient encounters, including telephone, fax, and electronic message exchanges are documented Documentation of any advance directives is in a prominent part of a member's medical record and includes whether or not a member has executed an advance directive, as well as documentation of any information about advance directives that was made available to the member Documentation must include the following content: Problem list, including significant illnesses and medical conditions Medications Adverse drug reactions Allergies Smoking status Any history of alcohol use or substance abuse Biographical or personal data Pertinent history Physical exams Documentation of clinical findings and evaluation for each visit Laboratory and other studies that signify review by the ordering provider Working diagnoses consistent with findings and test results Treatment plans consistent with diagnoses A date for return visits or a follow-up plan for each encounter Previous problems addressed in follow-up visits A current immunization record Preventive services and risk screening Primary care medical records must document: All services provided by a practitioner who provides primary care services All ancillary services and diagnostic tests ordered by a practitioner All diagnostic and therapeutic services for which a member was referred by a practitioner, such as home health nursing reports, specialty physician reports, hospital discharge reports, or physical therapy reports During documentation reviews, we will measure for attainment of the following performance goals:80 percent of charts have an updated problem list80 percent of charts have documentation of allergies80 percent of charts have documentation of immunizations During the review, we take advantage of the opportunity to collect meaningful clinical-performance information that otherwise is difficult to obtain. We strive to minimize our impact on you during the reviews, but we also are committed to creating useful measurement and feedback tools for all providers in our network. Reviewed 10/07/2016The Provider Manual is not intended for any use by any party other than as a resource for Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington's contracted providers in fulfilling their obligations under provider contracts."
},
{
"docid": "D73021#0",
"title": "http://www.cpso.on.ca/Policies-Publications/Policy/Medical-Records\nMedical Records",
"text": "Policy Number: #4-12 Policy Category: Administrative Under Review: No Approved by Council: November 2000 Reviewed and Updated: September 2005, November 2006, May 2012 College Contact: Physician Advisory Service Downloadable Version (s): Medical Records | Dossiers médicaux Introduction The medical record is a powerful tool that allows the treating physician to track the patient’s medical history and identify problems or patterns that may help determine the course of health care. The primary purpose of the medical record is to enable physicians to provide quality health care to their patients. It is a living document that tells the story of the patient and facilitates each encounter they have with health professionals involved in their care. In addition to telling the patient’s story, complete and accurate medical records will meet all legal, regulatory and auditing requirements. Most importantly, however, they will contribute to comprehensive and high quality care for patients by optimizing the use of resources, improving efficiency and coordination in team-based and interprofessional settings, and facilitating research. This is achieved in the following ways: Quality of care: Medical records contribute to consistency and quality in patient care by providing a detailed description of patients’ health status and a rationale for treatment decisions. Continuity of care: Medical records may be used by several health practitioners. The record is not just a personal memory aid for the individual physician who creates it. It allows other health care providers to access quickly and understand the patient’s past and current health status. Assessment of care: Medical records are fundamental components of:external reviews, such as those conducted for quality improvement purposes (e.g., the College’s Peer Assessment Program and Independent Health Facilities Program),investigations (such as inquiries made by the Coroner’s Office, and College investigations),billing reviews (records must be properly maintained in order for physicians to bill OHIP for services), 1 andphysician self-assessments, whereby physicians reflect on and assess the care they have provided to patients (for instance, through patterns of care recorded in the EMR)."
},
{
"docid": "D3211331#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/5142326/health-care-delivery-flash-cards/\nhealth care delivery",
"text": "\"114 terms seamus0305health care delivery Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Adult day care- A community based long-term care service that provides a wide range of health, social, and recreational services to elderly adults who require supervision and care while members of the family of other informal caregivers are away at work. Alternative Medicine- Nontraditional remedies. E.g. acupuncture, homeopathy, naturopathy, biofeedback, yoga exercises, chiropractic and herbal therapy. Ambulatory Care- Also referred to as outpatient services. Includes (1) care rendered to patients who come to physicians' offices, outpatient departments of hospitals, and health centers to receive care; (2) outpatient services intended to serve the surrounding community (community medicine); and (3) certain services that are transported to the patient. Case management- An organized approach to evaluating the health care needs of a patient, identifying appropriate services to meet those needs, choosing the most cost-effective setting and providers, coordinating the delivery of services by maintaining communication among providers, patients, and payers and monitoring progress. Categorical programs- Public health care programs that are designed to benefit only a certain category of people. Community oriented primary care- Incorporates the elements of good primary care delivery and adds a population-based approach to identifying and addressing community health problems. Durable medical equipment- Supplies and equipment that are not immediately consumed, such as ostomy supplies, wheelchairs, and oxygen tanks. Emergent condition- an acute condition that requires immediate medical attention."
}
] |
8739 | _____ refers to the degree to which an experimental design actually reflects the real-world issues it is supposed to address. | [
{
"docid": "D1509976#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/6401263/psychology-chapter-1-scientific-method-flash-cards/\nPsychology- Chapter 1 Scientific Method",
"text": "\"144 terms flbeachbabe Psychology- Chapter 1 Scientific Method Scientific Method Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sortobserving some phenomenon The first step in conducting scientific researchvariable anything that can changeoperational definition When trying to formulate a research question from your observation, your variable will be measured by this. you will eliminate any gray areas that might arise when thinking about a problem.operational definition establishing this will eliminate any gray areas that might arise when thinking about a problem.hypothesis The second step in conducting scientific research is stating ahypothesis an idea that is arrived at logically from a theory.test the hypothesis The third step in conducting scientific research is todata to test the hypothesis by collecting and analyzing what?data analysis One of the key aspects of testing a hypothesis isdata analysis This applies mathematical procedures to understand what the data mean.data are the information collected in a studydraw conclusions Based on what was found after data analysis, researchers can do what from their research?replicated again and again and yields similar findings A research finding is considered reliable when a study has been Descriptive research involves investigating the parameters of a variable Descriptive research this type of research allows the researcher to develop a sense for something but does not answer the how and why of a situation.systematic For observations to be effective, they must be ____ Researchers must know what they are looking for, who they are observing, where and when observations will take place, and how observations will be made.interview them directly One method to gain information about peoplesurvey or questionnaire When information needs to be taken from a large group of peoplesurvey consists of questions about a person's self-reported attitudes or beliefs about a topic.survey This can either be unstructured and open ended, or they can be structured and more specificbecause sometimes participants will answer the questions in a way they believe is socially acceptable instead of how they really feel. why are Surveys and interviews can be problematic?case study conducted when a researcher takes an in-depth look at a single individual.case study is usually conducted by a clinical psychologist when the unique aspects of an individual's life cannot be duplicated in other individuals. Correlational research is conducted when studies are concerned with identifying the relationships between two or more variables so it can be understood how the variables change together. Correlational research when the variables are measured by the researcher to see how they relate.correlation coefficient The strength of the relationship between two variables is expressed ascorrelation coefficient represented as a lowercase r-1.00 and +1.00 The numeric value of a correlation coefficient falls betweennumber, - or + where the ______ determines the strength of the relationship between the variables and the _____ sign determines the direction of the relationship between the variablespositive correlation when the variables move in the same direction, so that if one variable increases the other variable also increases, and if one variable decreases the other variable decreases as well.negative correlation occurs when the variables move in opposite directions, so that if one variable increases the other variable decreases, and vice versa.causation Correlation does not equal ____a relationship between the two variables, not that one of the variables causes the other one. A correlation between two variables states only that there isthird variable problem occurs when an extraneous variable that has not been measured accounts for the relationship between two variables.research variables that cannot be manipulated. Even with the risk of a third variable, correlational studies are important, because they allow us tounethical to carry out in an experiment. Correlational studies can also be conducted on variables that would be considered Correlational studies can be used when researchers are interested in everyday experienceexperience sampling method (ESM) Correlational studies can be used when researchers are interested in everyday experience is called?experience sampling method (ESM) this can consist of writing in a diary or recording a measurement of some kind upon being reminded to do so by an electronic organizerlongitudinally designed study Another way of controlling for causation is by conducting alongitudinally designed study in which the measures of the variables are obtained in multiple waves over timeexperimental methods If there is a relationship between two variables, the researcher must use WHAT to determine the direction of the causality.experiment In an ____ the researcher manipulates one of the variables to see if it influences the behavior in question.behavior to change. If the behavior changes when one of the variables is manipulated, then the manipulated variable is considered to have caused therandom assignment USED BY Researchers by dividing a study's participants randomly into two different groups.independent variable is the variable that is manipulated in an experiment.dependent variable is the result of manipulating the independent variable.dependent variable Researchers measure changes in which variable?confederate is a person given a role in an experiment in order to manipulate the social context.experimental group is the group whose variable is manipulated.control group is exactly like the experimental group, except that there is no manipulation of the variablecontrol group this group is used as a comparison group. External validity a caution involved in experimental research that refers to whether the experimental design is representative of real-world issues Internal validity a caution involved in experimental research that refers to whether changes in the dependent variable are actually due to the manipulation of the independent variable."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D3480646#0",
"title": "http://www.academia.edu/972236/Characteristics_of_Visual_and_Performing_Arts\nCharacteristics of Visual and Performing Arts",
"text": "\"pdf Characteristics of Visual and Performing Arts10 Pages Characteristics of Visual and Performing Arts Uploaded by Annette Arlanderconnect to download Get pdf Characteristics of Visual and Performing Arts Download18 CHARACTERISTICS OF VISUAL AND PERFORMING ARTS Annette Arlander In the following I am mainly discussing such research undertaken by artists, where artworks or artistic practices are part of the research, and which is conducted as research, not as art practice as such. The notion of what constitutes art (inquiry, skill, expression, originality, critical comment, decoration, entertainment, etc.) has an impact on other questions such as the role of experimentation (originality, novelty, innovation, interpretation), the chatacteristics of the artwork (unique object, prototype, ongoing practice, event, the artist as the artwork, etc. ), the position of the artist (as auteur, producer, provider of services, first spectator, performer, etc.) and the amount of collaboration (with co-artists, spectators, participants, etc.) and all these influence research. However, the notion of art is treated by writers in the section focusing on foundations. Different art forms create different problems for artists starting with research, depending on what dimension of research seems especially alien to ordinary art practice within that field. Is verbal articulation widely used or not.' Is documentation part of the practice?"
},
{
"docid": "D2901718#0",
"title": "http://www.asanet.org/sites/default/files/savvy/introtosociology/Documents/Persell%20Methods%20Reading11.htm\nDoing Social Research",
"text": "\"Doing Social Research From: Persell, Caroline Hodges. 1990. “ Doing Social Research.” Pp. 26-36 in Understanding Society: An Introduction to Sociology. 3 rd ed. New York , NY : Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. Emily M. was like many impoverished children growing up in a welfare home in the 1960s. The difference for Emily was that she and a small number of other children were able to attend a preschool educational program. Careful long-term research by several teams of social researchers shows that children from such programs are more likely to graduate from high school and get jobs, or to go for further education, than similar children who did not attend such a program. Children from preschool programs are also less likely to get arrested or get pregnant as teenagers (Deutsch, Jordan, and Deutsch, 1985)."
},
{
"docid": "D1407084#0",
"title": "https://www.ukessays.com/dissertation/examples/cultural-studies/cultural-euro-disney.php\nDisney Corporation Losses - EuroDisney Paris",
"text": "\"Disney Corporation Losses - Euro Disney Paris Print Reference this Disclaimer: This dissertation has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional dissertation writers. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UK Essays. Cultural Euro Disney The word ‘management' originated in America and ever since assumptions have been made about the universal acceptability and success of their business practices. There are a number of international ventures which have failed miserably due to Americans not considering the cultural aspects when entering into business in a new country. Euro Disney is a perfect example of the failure of American business processes in another country. The primary aim of this article is to explain how Euro Disney suffered the costs of cultural miscalculations. Geert Hofstede's work on culture has served as the theoretical basis of this article. His dimensions of culture have been used to explain differences in American and French cultures & the problems that occurred at Euro Disney. American businesses make assumptions about the transferability of their business, management, marketing, economic and structural models of organizing which frequently fail to take into consideration cultural differences."
},
{
"docid": "D1032961#0",
"title": "http://uxpajournal.org/how-to-specify-the-participant-group-size-for-usability-studies-a-practitioners-guide/\nHow To Specify the Participant Group Size for Usability Studies: A Practitionerâs Guide",
"text": "How To Specify the Participant Group Size for Usability Studies: A Practitioner’s Guideby Ritch Macefield Peer-reviewed Articlepp. 34-45Download full article (PDF)Abstract Using secondary literature, this article helps practitioners to specify the participant group size for a usability study. It is also designed to help practitioners understand and articulate the basis, risks, and implications associated with any specification. It is designed to be accessible to the typical practitioner and covers those study scenarios that are common in commercial contexts. Practitioner’s Take Away The following were the main findings in this article: For a wide variety of reasons, specification of the participant group size for a usability study remains a matter of opinion and debate. The goal for usability practitioners is to help negotiate a group size that is optimal, or at least beneficial, for the wider project in which the study is taking place. This means that practitioners should be able to articulate the basis, risks, and implications associated with any specification. When utilizing research literature in this area, practitioners should carefully consider how well the specific studies underpinning the particular research relates to the study under consideration. Similarly, they should pay careful attention to any caveats in the advice being offered. There is no “one size fits all” solution to the challenge here."
},
{
"docid": "D2720324#0",
"title": "http://www.iep.utm.edu/time/\nTime",
"text": "\"Time Time is what we use a clock to measure. Information about time tells us the durations of events, and when they occur, and which events happen before which others. Nevertheless, despite 2,500 years of investigation into the nature of time, there are many unresolved issues. Consider this one issue upon which philosophers are deeply divided: What sort of ontological differences are there among the present, the past and the future? There are three competing theories. Presentists argue that necessarily only present objects and present experiences are real, and we conscious beings recognize this in the special vividness of our present experience compared to our dim memories of past experiences and our expectations of future experiences. So, the dinosaurs have slipped out of reality even though our current ideas of them have not. However, according to the growing-past theory, the past and present are both real, but the future is not real because the future is indeterminate or merely potential. Dinosaurs are real, but our future death is not. The third theory is that there are no objective ontological differences among present, past, and future because the differences are merely subjective."
},
{
"docid": "D3444824#0",
"title": "http://www.unc.edu/courses/2008spring/psyc/270/001/variance.html\n.",
"text": "\"Variance and the Design of Experiments Contents Variance The F Statistic The Analysis of Variance Power and Sensitivity Designing Experiments - Independent Groups Improving Experimental Designs Using Covariates with Independent Groups Designs Correlated Groups Designs Repeated Measures and Order Effects Complete versus Partial Counterbalancing The Bottom Line Variance When you look at the data from an experiment, the first thing you may notice is that the numbers are not all the same, even for the same condition or the same subject. There is variability. Usually we want to know why the numbers are different. There will be many reasons, so we want to divide up the variability into portions that can be traced to different sources. Variance is a statistic that measures variability. Technically, the variance of the numbers is the sum of squared deviations of each value from the mean value, divided by the sample size minus one. ( Why sample size minus one? Because that's the degrees of freedom) But you don't really need to know all this - the calculations can be handled automatically. What you need to know is why the variance is important, and what it all means. Variance is a measure of variability that can be divided into portions."
},
{
"docid": "D3311501#0",
"title": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/roger-bacon/\nRoger Bacon",
"text": "\"Roger Bacon First published Thu Apr 19, 2007; substantive revision Mon Nov 11, 2013Roger Bacon (1214/1220–1292), Master of Arts, contemporary of Robert Kilwardby, Peter of Spain, and Albert the Great at the University of Paris in the 1240s, was one of the early Masters who taught Aristotle's works on natural philosophy and metaphysics. Sometime after 1248–49, he became an independent scholar with an interest in languages and experimental-scientific concerns. Between 1247 and 1267, Bacon mastered most of the Greek and Arabic texts on the science of optics. In 1256/57, either at Paris or Oxford, he joined the Franciscan Order. By 1264 in Paris, he came to believe that his university reputation for advanced learning had suffered. Because he regarded this decade as an exile from university teaching and writing, he sought the Patronage of Cardinal Guy le Gros de Foulque, Papal Ambassador to England (who later served as Pope Clement IV, 1265-68). On the instruction of the Pope on June 22, 1266, Bacon quickly wrote “an introductory work,” the Opus maius, and the related works, Opus minus and Opus tertium. He set out his own new model for a reform of the system of philosophical and theological studies, one that would incorporate language studies and science studies, then unavailable at the universities. In this project, he was partly successful. He wrote a new and provocative text on semiotics, and influenced the addition of perspectiva to mathematical studies (the Quadrivium ) as a required university subject."
},
{
"docid": "D125268#0",
"title": "http://www.people.vcu.edu/~pdattalo/702SuppRead/FAQs_measure.html\n.",
"text": "\"Frequently Asked Questions About Level of Measurement Who is S. S. Stevens? S. S. (Stanley Smith) Stevens 1906-1973 is best known in the social sciences for his work on levels of measurement. Stevens also was an authority on the physics of sensory perception, especially hearing. He was director of the Psycho-Acoustics Laboratory and the Psychophysics Laboratory at Harvard. Academic appointments: 1933-1973 Harvard University Major publications: Stevens, S. S., & Galanter, E. H. (1957) Ratio scales and category scales for a dozen perceptual continua. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 54, 377-411. Stevens, S. S. (1957). On the psychophysical law. Psychological Review, 64, 153-181. Total publications: 101 (89 by 1960 + 12 fro '67 to '75)Other achievements: 1936 Founding member of the Psychological Round Table 1940 Election to the Society for Experimental Psychologists 1943 Warren Medal 1946 Election to the National Academy of Sciences 1948 Presidential Certificate of Merit 1959 Election to the American Philosophical Society 1959 Founding member of the Pychonomic Society 1960 APA award for distinguished scientific contribution."
},
{
"docid": "D132045#0",
"title": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/measurement-science/\nMeasurement in Science",
"text": "Measurement in Science First published Mon Jun 15, 2015Measurement is an integral part of modern science as well as of engineering, commerce, and daily life. Measurement is often considered a hallmark of the scientific enterprise and a privileged source of knowledge relative to qualitative modes of inquiry. [ 1] Despite its ubiquity and importance, there is little consensus among philosophers as to how to define measurement, what sorts of things are measurable, or which conditions make measurement possible. Most (but not all) contemporary authors agree that measurement is an activity that involves interaction with a concrete system with the aim of representing aspects of that system in abstract terms (e.g., in terms of classes, numbers, vectors etc.) But this characterization also fits various kinds of perceptual and linguistic activities that are not usually considered measurements, and is therefore too broad to count as a definition of measurement. Moreover, if “concrete” implies “real”, this characterization is also too narrow, as measurement often involves the representation of ideal systems such as the average household or an electron at complete rest. Philosophers have written on a variety of conceptual, metaphysical, semantic and epistemological issues related to measurement. This entry will survey the central philosophical standpoints on the nature of measurement, the notion of measurable quantity and related epistemological issues. It will refrain from elaborating on the many discipline-specific problems associated with measurement and focus on issues that have a general character.1. Overview2."
},
{
"docid": "D1379636#0",
"title": "http://www.liutaiomottola.com/myth/expdesig.html\nThe Basics of Experimental Design [A Quick and Non-Technical Guide]",
"text": "\"The Basics of Experimental Design [A Quick and Non-Technical Guide]Sid Sytsma Website Administrator's Note: I have always considered Sid Sytsma's short article on experimental design one of the best short pieces on the subject I have ever seen, and provided a link to it from my Lutherie Information Website. Professor Sytsma retired and no longer felt the need to retain his site, and when this happened I asked if I could please host this article on my own site. Recently I have been informed that a number of other folks have seen the value of Professor Sytsma's article and have provided links to it, but unfortunately a number of these links attribute this work to me. Please, if you do link to this page, give credit where credit is due. This wonderful article is by Sid Sytsma. Thanks.- R. M. Mottola 2009What is Experimental Design All About? Experimental design is a planned interference in the natural order of events by the researcher. He does something more than carefully observe what is occurring. This emphasis on experiment reflects the higher regard generally given to information so derived. There is good rationale for this."
},
{
"docid": "D2162279#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_philosophy\nNatural philosophy",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the philosophical study of nature. For the current in 19th-century German idealism, see Naturphilosophie. A celestial map from the 17th century, by the Dutch cartographer Frederik de Wit Natural philosophy or philosophy of nature (from Latin philosophia naturalis) was the philosophical study of nature and the physical universe that was dominant before the development of modern science. It is considered to be the precursor of natural science. From the ancient world, starting with Aristotle, to the 19th century, the term \"\"natural philosophy\"\" was the common term used to describe the practice of studying nature. It was in the 19th century that the concept of \"\"science\"\" received its modern shape with new titles emerging such as \"\"biology\"\" and \"\"biologist\"\", \"\"physics\"\" and \"\"physicist\"\" among other technical fields and titles; institutions and communities were founded, and unprecedented applications to and interactions with other aspects of society and culture occurred. [ 1] Isaac Newton 's book Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687), whose title translates to \"\"Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy\"\", reflects the then-current use of the words \"\"natural philosophy\"\", akin to \"\"systematic study of nature\"\". Even in the 19th century, a treatise by Lord Kelvin and Peter Guthrie Tait, which helped define much of modern physics, was titled Treatise on Natural Philosophy (1867). In the German tradition, Naturphilosophie (philosophy of nature) persisted into the 18th and 19th century as an attempt to achieve a speculative unity of nature and spirit. Some of the greatest names in German philosophy are associated with this movement, including Goethe, Hegel and Schelling."
},
{
"docid": "D990237#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_psychology\nEnvironmental psychology",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( July 2014) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Part of a series on Psychology Outline History Subfields Basic types [show]Applied psychology [hide]Applied behavior analysis Clinical Community Consumer Counseling Critical Educational Environmental Ergonomics Forensic Health Humanistic Industrial and organizational Legal Medical Military Music Occupational health Political Religion School Sport Traffic Lists [show]Psychology portalv t e Environmental psychology is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the interplay between individuals and their surroundings. The field defines the term environment broadly, encompassing natural environments, social settings, built environments, learning environments, and informational environments. Since its conception, the field has been committed to the development of a discipline that is both value oriented and problem oriented, prioritizing research aimed at solving complex environmental problems in the pursuit of individual well-being within a larger society. [ 1] When solving problems involving human-environment interactions, whether global or local, one must have a model of human nature that predicts the environmental conditions under which humans will respond well. This model can help design, manage, protect and/or restore environments that enhance reasonable behavior, predict the likely outcomes when these conditions are not met, and diagnose problem situations. The field develops such a model of human nature while retaining a broad and inherently multidisciplinary focus. It explores such dissimilar issues as common property resource management, wayfinding in complex settings, the effect of environmental stress on human performance, the characteristics of restorative environments, human information processing, and the promotion of durable conservation behavior."
},
{
"docid": "D3221155#0",
"title": "https://www.basicknowledge101.com/subjects/science.html\nScience",
"text": "\"Science Science is establishing Facts through investigations and research. Understanding causes and effects and the nature of Reality. Science can cover a lot of different subjects, so depending on the type of science that you are studying, each one will require a unique set of skills that you need to learn, and you will also have to study areas of knowledge that are focused on a particular subject. Scientist is a person engaging in a systematic activity to acquire knowledge that describes and predicts the natural world. In a more restricted sense, a scientist may refer to an individual who uses the scientific method. The person may be an expert in one or more areas of science. Technologist is a person who uses scientific knowledge to solve practical problems. Inventions. Scientism is a term used to describe the universal applicability of the scientific method and approach, and the view that empirical science constitutes the most authoritative worldview or the most valuable part of human learning—to the exclusion of other viewpoints. Outline of Science is a systematic effort of acquiring knowledge—through observation and experimentation coupled with logic and Reasoning to find out what can be proved or not proved—and the knowledge thus acquired."
},
{
"docid": "D2163932#0",
"title": "http://iai.asm.org/content/78/12/4972.full\nReproducible Science â¿",
"text": "American Society for Microbiology Infection and Immunity Skip to main page content Home Current Issue Archive Alerts About ASM Contact us Tech Support Journals. ASM .orgkeywords GOAdvanced »User Name Password Sign In Reproducible Science ▿Arturo Casadevall Editor in Chief, m Bio Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York Ferric C. Fang+ Author Affiliations Editor in Chief, Infection and Immunity Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington Next Section ABSTRACTThe reproducibility of an experimental result is a fundamental assumption in science. Yet, results that are merely confirmatory of previous findings are given low priority and can be difficult to publish. Furthermore, the complex and chaotic nature of biological systems imposes limitations on the replicability of scientific experiments. This essay explores the importance and limits of reproducibility in scientific manuscripts. “Non-reproducible single occurrences are of no significance to science. ”—Karl Popper ( 18)There may be no more important issue for authors and reviewers than the question of reproducibility, a bedrock principle in the conduct and validation of experimental science. Consequently, readers, reviewers, and editors of Infection and Immunity can rightfully expect to see information regarding the reproducibility of experiments in the pages of this journal. Articles may describe findings with a statement that an experiment was repeated a specific number of times, with similar results. Alternatively, depending upon the nature of the experiment, the results from multiple experimental replicates might be presented individually or in combined fashion, along with an indication of experiment-to-experiment variability."
},
{
"docid": "D494988#0",
"title": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hume-religion/\nHume on Religion",
"text": "Hume on Religion First published Tue Oct 4, 2005; substantive revision Mon Mar 27, 2017David Hume’s various writings concerning problems of religion are among the most important and influential contributions on this topic. In these writings Hume advances a systematic, sceptical critique of the philosophical foundations of various theological systems. Whatever interpretation one takes of Hume’s philosophy as a whole, it is certainly true that one of his most basic philosophical objectives is to discredit the doctrines and dogmas of traditional theistic belief. There are, however, some significant points of disagreement about the exact nature and extent of Hume’s irreligious intentions. One of the most important of these is whether Hume’s sceptical position leads him to a view that can be properly characterized as “atheism”. The primary aims of this article are: (1) to give an account of Hume’s main arguments as they touch on various particular issues relating to religion; and (2) to answer to the question concerning the general character of Hume’s commitments on this subject.1. Religious Philosophers and Speculative Atheists2. Empiricism, Scepticism and the Very Idea of God3. The Cosmological Argument and God’s Necessary-Existence4. The Argument from Design5."
},
{
"docid": "D16080#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teacher_education\nTeacher education",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Teacher education or teacher training refers to the policies, procedures, and provision designed to equip (prospective) teachers with the knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and skills they require to perform their tasks effectively in the classroom, school, and wider community. The professionals who engage in this activity are called teacher educators (or, in some contexts, teacher trainers). There is a longstanding and ongoing debate about the most appropriate term to describe these activities. The term 'teacher training' (which may give the impression that the activity involves training staff to undertake relatively routine tasks) seems to be losing ground, at least in the U. S., to 'teacher education' (with its connotation of preparing staff for a professional role as a reflective practitioner). [ 1]Contents [ hide ]1 Policy and related issues2 Continuum2.1 Initial2.1.1 Organization2.1.2 Curriculum2.1.3 Rural2.1.4 Supervised field experiences2.2 Induction of beginning teachers2.3 Continuous professional development3 Quality assurance in teacher education4 Teacher educators4.1 Professional knowledge and competences of teacher educators4.1.1 Teacher educators' fields of knowledge4.1.2 Multiple identities4.1.2.1 Modelling4.1.2.2 Meta-reflection4.2 Professional standards for teacher educators4.3 Policy and legislation on the teacher educator profession4.4 Research into the teacher educator profession5 See also6 References Policy and related issues [ edit]The process by which teachers are educated is the subject of political discussion in many countries, reflecting both the value attached by societies and cultures to the preparation of young people for life, and the fact that education systems consume significant financial resources. However, the degree of political control over Teacher Education varies. Where TE is entirely in the hands of universities, the state may have no direct control whatever over what or how new teachers are taught; this can lead to anomalies, such as teachers being taught using teaching methods that would be deemed inappropriate if they used the same methods in schools, or teachers being taught by persons with little or no hands-on experience of teaching in real classrooms. In other systems, TE may be the subject of detailed prescription (e.g. the state may specify the skills that all teachers must possess, or it may specify the content of TE courses). Policy cooperation in the European Union has led to a broad description of the kinds of attributes that teachers in EU Member States should possess: the Common European Principle for Teacher Competences and Qualifications. [ 2]Continuum [ edit]Although ideally it should be conceived of, and organised as, a seamless continuum, teacher education is often divided into these stagesinitial teacher training / education (a pre-service course before entering the classroom as a fully responsible teacher);induction (the process of providing training and support during the first few years of teaching or the first year in a particular school);teacher development or continuing professional development (CPD) (an in-service process for practicing teachers)."
},
{
"docid": "D549227#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_modelling\nScientific modelling",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Example of scientific modelling. A schematic of chemical and transport processes related to atmospheric composition. Scientific modelling is a scientific activity, the aim of which is to make a particular part or feature of the world easier to understand, define, quantify, visualize, or simulate by referencing it to existing and usually commonly accepted knowledge. It requires selecting and identifying relevant aspects of a situation in the real world and then using different types of models for different aims, such as conceptual models to better understand, operational models to operationalize, mathematical models to quantify, and graphical models to visualize the subject. Modelling is an essential and inseparable part of many scientific disciplines, each of which have their own ideas about specific types of modelling. [ 1] [2]There is also an increasing attention to scientific modelling [3] in fields such as science education, philosophy of science, systems theory, and knowledge visualization. There is growing collection of methods, techniques and meta- theory about all kinds of specialized scientific modelling. Contents [ hide ]1 Overview2 Basics of scientific modelling2.1 Modelling as a substitute for direct measurement and experimentation2.2 Simulation2.3 Structure2.4 Systems2.5 Generating a model2.6 Evaluating a model2.7 Visualization2.8 Space mapping3 Types of scientific modelling4 Applications4.1 Modelling and simulation4.2 Model-based learning in education5 See also6 References7 Further reading8 External links Overview [ edit]A scientific model seeks to represent empirical objects, phenomena, and physical processes in a logical and objective way. All models are in simulacra, that is, simplified reflections of reality that, despite being approximations, can be extremely useful. [ 4] Building and disputing models is fundamental to the scientific enterprise."
},
{
"docid": "D1223254#0",
"title": "http://libguides.usc.edu/c.php?g=235034&p=1559832\nOrganizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper: Types of Research Designs",
"text": "\"Introduction Before beginning your paper, you need to decide how you plan to design the study. The research design refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the different components of the study in a coherent and logical way, thereby, ensuring you will effectively address the research problem; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement, and analysis of data. Note that your research problem determines the type of design you should use, not the other way around!De Vaus, D. A. Research Design in Social Research. London: SAGE, 2001; Trochim, William M. K. Research Methods Knowledge Base. 2006. General Structure and Writing Style The function of a research design is to ensure that the evidence obtained enables you to effectively address the research problem logically and as unambiguously as possible. In social sciences research, obtaining information relevant to the research problem generally entails specifying the type of evidence needed to test a theory, to evaluate a program, or to accurately describe and assess meaning related to an observable phenomenon. With this in mind, a common mistake made by researchers is that they begin their investigations far too early, before they have thought critically about what information is required to address the research problem. Without attending to these design issues beforehand, the overall research problem will not be adequately addressed and any conclusions drawn will run the risk of being weak and unconvincing. As a consequence, the overall validity of the study will be undermined."
},
{
"docid": "D1770401#0",
"title": "http://www.amtamassage.org/infocenter/research_glossery-of-research-terminology.html\nGlossary of Research Terminology",
"text": "A-B Design: One of several possible research designs included under the single-case experimental research method. It involves documenting over a period of time—say, several days or weeks, for example—the signs/symptoms/behavior presented by a client who (a) is initially in need of treatment not yet provided and (b) is then provided with the treatment. The initial phase, called the baseline phase and designated by the letter “A,” is that period of time during which no treatment is introduced and the targeted signs/symptoms/behaviors are measured. This is followed by the treatment phase, designated by the letter “B,” that spans a period of time during which a treatment is introduced and measures are continued on the targeted outcome (s). A-B-A Design: A slight extension of the A-B design in that it involves an additional third phase wherein the treatment is removed and, consequently, the subject is returned to the baseline phase. The intent is to demonstrate the outcome or consequence of a return to the subject’s initial status of not receiving treatment. A-B-A-B (or Reversal) Design: A slight extension of the A-B-A design in that it involves an additional fourth phase wherein the treatment is reintroduced, thereby creating an intermittent reversal from baseline to treatment that is repeated. Accreditation: See What are Certification, Licensing, and Accreditation? Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED): A database maintained by the Health Care Information Service of the British Library. It addresses resources available in complementary medicine, palliative care, and numerous professions allied with medicine."
},
{
"docid": "D1598308#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_research_design\nDesign of experiments",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Experimental research design)navigation search For the book, see The Design of Experiments. [ hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages)This article needs additional citations for verification. ( September 2015)This article possibly contains original research. ( September 2015)Design of experiments with full factorial design (left), response surface with second-degree polynomial (right)The design of experiments ( DOE, DOX, or experimental design) is the design of any task that aims to describe or explain the variation of information under conditions that are hypothesized to reflect the variation. The term is generally associated with experiments in which the design introduces conditions that directly affect the variation, but may also refer to the design of quasi-experiments, in which natural conditions that influence the variation are selected for observation. In its simplest form, an experiment aims at predicting the outcome by introducing a change of the preconditions, which is represented by one or more independent variables, also referred to as \"\"input variables\"\" or \"\"predictor variables.\"\" The change in one or more independent variables is generally hypothesized to result in a change in one or more dependent variables, also referred to as \"\"output variables\"\" or \"\"response variables.\"\" The experimental design may also identify control variables that must be held constant to prevent external factors from affecting the results."
}
] |
8740 | _____ refers to the factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms. | [
{
"docid": "D2792235#0",
"title": "http://www.weegy.com/?ConversationId=D547A4B0\n.",
"text": "Question and answer Q: The factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms are known as __________. A: The factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms are known as motivation. Get an answer Search for an answer or ask Weegy (Free)The factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms are known as __________."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D2071702#0",
"title": "http://www.studymode.com/subjects/2-what-is-the-natya-shastra-why-is-it-important-page1.html\n\"\"\"2 What Is The Natya Shastra Why Is It Important\"\" Essays and Research Papers\"",
"text": "\"2 What Is The Natya Shastra Why Is It Important What Is Plagiarism and Why is it Important ? Plagiarism is an action that is most commonly used in colleges and universities. We have text books that we read daily, or are supposed to. We go to class and listen to lectures daily, or are supposed to. We participate in classroom discussions, or are supposed to. And, we pull all of the thoughts and ideas together to form our own thoughts and ideas, or are supposed to. With so much on our plates, sometimes, our thoughts and ideas may seem to... Creative writing, Footnote, Footnotes 968 Words | 3 Pages Open Document Natya sastraindependence in 1947, theatres spread throughout India as one of the means of entertainment. Sanskrit Drama The earliest-surviving fragments of Sanskrit drama date from the 1st century CE. The Mahābhāṣya by Patañjali contains the earliest reference to what may have been the seeds of Sanskrit drama. The major source of evidence for Sanskrit theatre is A Treatise on Theatre (Nātyaśāstra), a compendium whose date of composition is uncertain (estimates range from 200 BCE to 200 CE) and whose authorship... Bollywood, Cinema of India, India 2184 Words | 7 Pages Open Document What Is Education and Why It Is Important?"
},
{
"docid": "D924487#0",
"title": "http://www.worthethic.com/the-alpha-male-syndrome.html\n.",
"text": "\"The Alpha Male Syndrome Synopsis Kate Ludeman , Ph D & Eddie Erlandson , MDWorth Ethic Corporation The business world is a natural habitat of alpha males. Whether they're larger-than-life legends who run giant companies or the heads of little-known firms and small departments, these aggressive powerhouses are hardwired for achievement and eager to tackle challenges that others find intimidating. Those alphas who are balanced human beings in full command of their strengths are esteemed by colleagues, revered by employees, and adored by Wall Street. But other alpha males are organizational risks, not assets. They inspire fear and resentment rather than trust and respect, often causing expensive problems for their companies. Indeed, the very term \"\"alpha male\"\" has become a pejorative in America , thanks to the many instances when their abuses have created corporate soap operas and dramatic news stories. Make no mistake: the world needs alpha males. When used appropriately, their courage, confidence, tireless energy, and fighting spirit make them natural leaders in competitive situations. The trouble comes when they use their exceptional strengths inappropriately or carry them to such extremes that they turn into tragic flaws: their confidence becomes arrogance, their toughness becomes belligerence, and their competitiveness becomes a fight to the death in which even teammates are seen as rivals that have to be vanquished. Unfortunately for many alpha males, what works in a jungle or on a battlefield - or during a genuine crisis - is not always appropriate in today's business environment."
},
{
"docid": "D3471540#0",
"title": "http://www.hawaii.edu/PCSS/biblio/articles/1961to1999/1976-biological-foundations.html\nTitle: Human Sexual Development: Biological Foundations for Social Development",
"text": "EDITORIAL PREFACEThis chapter and the two that follow employ the trans-temporal approach to adult sexuality, as defined in Chapter 1, by tracing the way in which males and females differentiate from the beginning of embryonic development to birth, and then during infancy and childhood. Because this same method is used, a certain degree of redundancy is inevitable. Chapters 2 and 3 run about the same course as long as they are dealing with the facts of prenatal sexual differentiation, and some question may arise as to why both authors have dealt with the same evidence. However, closer analysis reveals differences in interpretation which presage even wider theoretical differences to come. Milton Diamond’s interpretive bias is heavily physiological, placing very strong emphasis on prenatally organized sex differences in the brain as determinants of behavioral differences throughout life. John Money’s formulation also strongly implicates biological control of sex differentiation during very early development, but he lays primary responsibility for the final determination of psychosexual differences upon social conditioning from infancy onward. It has been judged desirable to provide a forum for both points of view, since many of the unsolved issues demand as catholic an approach as can be presented. According to Diamond’s hypothesis, sex differences in the brain are established very early, under the influence of genetic and hormonal factors, so that within 4 to 5 weeks after conception “crude neural programs are organized which eventually will mediate the individual’s reproductive and sexual patterns.” Diamond is quite explicit in defining just what these “patterns” may be, and in fact structures his entire theory in terms of them. A person’s sexual patterns are his or her ways of behaving which reveal maleness (aggressiveness, assertiveness, et cetera) or femaleness (subtlety, passivity, dependency, et cetera)."
},
{
"docid": "D3074737#0",
"title": "https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/management-final/deck/10126017\n\"Ethan J.Size: 225Without ____, no company can survive over the long run.innovationOne of the important ideas in the text's definition of management isthe management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.Selecting goals and ways to attain them refers toplanning.Which of these can best describe organizing?Assigning responsibility for task accomplishment.Which of these is the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve organizational goals?Leading____ is the management function concerned with monitoring employees' activities, keeping the organization on track toward its goals, and making corrections as needed.ControllingThe degree to which an organization achieves a stated goal refers toWhich of the following refers to the amount of resources used to achieve an organization's goal?Which skills include specialized knowledge and analytical ability?____ managers are responsible for departments that perform a single functional task and have employees with similar training and skills.Which of these managers are in charge of departments such as finance and HR that support line departments?Managers shift gears quickly and therefore, the average time spent on any one activity is less than ____.Which of these forces comprises unwritten, common rules and perceptions about relationships?Which of these forces pertain to the availability, production, and distribution of resources in a society?Which of these perspectives emphasized a rational, scientific approach to the study of management and sought to make organizations efficient operating machines?Which of these is a subfield of the classical management perspective that emphasized scientifically determined changes in management practices as the solution to improving labor productivity?____ is considered the \"\"father of scientific management.\"\"Which of these is a major criticism of scientific management?The assembly line is most consistent with which of the following general principles of management?The ____ emphasized the importance of understanding human behaviors, needs, and attitudes in the workplace as well as social interactions and group processes.Maslow's hierarchy of needs started with which of these needs?Tommy believes his employees are responsible, creative, and able to work with minimal direction. He is aAccording to Douglas McGregor, the classical perspective on management is consistent with which of the following?Which of the following is often considered the \"\"father of the quality movement?\"\"A key finding in the Hawthorne studies was which of these?All of these are a part of an organization's task environment EXCEPTWhich of these is NOT a part of an organization's general environment?____ is a part of an organization's internal environment.The ____ dimension of the general environment includes federal, state, and local government regulations.Which of the following dimensions of the general environment includes all elements that occur naturally on earth?The people and organizations in the environment who acquire goods or services from the organization areCulture can be defined asWhich of the following would be considered a visual representation (s) of a company's corporate culture?Symbols, stories, and heroes are important because theyAll of the following are types of corporate cultures exceptIn response to pressure from environmental advocates, organizations have become increasingly sensitive to diminishing:_________ means that managers do not have sufficient information about environmental factors to understand and predict environmental needs and changes.Companies that think ____ have a competitive edge.In which stage, market potential is limited to home country, with all production and marketing facilities located at home?The process of globalization typically passes through all of the following stages EXCEPTWhich of the following is an entry strategy in which the organization maintains its production facilities within its home country and transfers its products for sale in foreign markets?A foreign subsidiary over which an organization has complete control is called a____ is the most widespread approach to international involvement in China and India.____ aspects of management do not change when doing business internationallyA country's physical facilities that support economic activities make up its ____.A nation's ____ includes the shared knowledge, beliefs and values, as well as the common modes of behavior and ways of thinking, among members of a society.____ refers to the degree to which people accept inequality in power among institutions, organizations, and people.____ refers to a value characterized by people's intolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity and resulting support for beliefs that promise certainty and conformity.Jana has a high tolerance for the unstructured, the unclear, and the unpredictable. She can best be described as having:________ is a concept that proposes that corporations can alleviate poverty and other social ills by selling to the worldâs poorest people.Which of the following refers to the code of moral principles and values that govern behaviors with respect to what is right and wrong?The assumption that \"\"If it's not illegal, it must be ethical,\"\" ignores which of the following?Which approach is the ethical concept that moral behaviors produce the greatest good for the greatest number?Human beings have fundamental rights and liberties that cannot be taken away by another individual's decision. This ethical decision making approach is known as theIndividualism is most closely related to____ to ethical decision-making is consistent with due process, free consent, privacy, freedom of conscience and free speech.Most people have learned to conform to expectations of good behavior expected by colleagues, family, friends, and society. They are in what stage of moral development?Which of these employee behaviors matches with the postconventional level of personal moral development?Any group within or outside the organization that has a stake in the organization's performance is called____ includes behavior that is not always written down and may actually not serve an organization's bottom-line.A code of ____ is a formal statement of the company's values concerning ethics and social issues.Which of the following is the process of starting a business venture, organizing the resources, and taking the risks?A (n) ____ is someone who recognizes a viable idea for a business product or service and carries it out.If a small business owner enjoys the chance to balance work and personal life, he would be considered a (n)Which of the following are high-energy people who enjoy handling every detail of their own businesses?____ refers to the belief by individuals that their future is within their control and that external forces will have little influence.Lauren Dean strongly believes in her abilities and feels that she controls her own destiny. She can be described as having a (n)The belief by individuals that their future is not within their control, but rather is influenced by some external force is consideredAmi believes that such things as luck or chance will determine her future success. Ami hasEntrepreneurs tend toWhich of these refers to an unincorporated business owned by an individual for profit?A (n) ____ has a legal life of its own.An artificial entity created by the state and existing apart from its owners is known as____ refers to borrowing money that has to be repaid in order to start a business.Which of these refers to the financing that consists of funds that are invested in exchange for ownership in the company?____ refers to a desired future state that an organization attempts to realize.____ specify future ends and ____ specify today's means.____ is the act of determining the organization's goals and the means for achieving them.____ is primarily responsible for operational goals/plans.The organization's reason for existence is known as____ goals lead to the attainment of ____ goals, which in turn lead to the attainment of ____ goals.Which of these is lacking in the goal \"\"profits should be increased in the coming year?\"\"Which of these are true about contingency plans?___________ are reasonable yet highly ambitious goals that are so clear, compelling, and imaginative that they fire up employees and engender excellence.The plan of action that prescribes resource allocation and other activities for dealing with the environment and helping the organization attain its goals is known as a (n)Which of the following is a business activity that an organization does especially well relative to its competition?____ can be defined as the combination of benefits received and costs paid by the customer.Which of these questions is central to a functional-level strategy?Where does the information about opportunities and threats comes from?The BCG matrix organizes along which of the following dimensions?Which of these is true about the cash cow?Barriers to entry are related to which competitive force?All of the following are Porter's competitive forces EXCEPTWhich of the following is NOT one of Porter's competitive forces?Which of Porter's five forces is influenced by all of the other four?Which of the following strategies involve an attempt to distinguish the firm's products or services from others in the industry?Which of the following lists the strategic management process in proper order?What type of organizational unit has a unique business mission, product line, competitors, and markets relative to other units in the same corporation?When an organization expands into a totally new line of business, it is implementing a strategy of:Which of the following is true regarding the impact of the Internet on Porterâs Five Forces affecting industry competition?Which of the following is a choice made from available alternatives?Choosing between a differentiation strategy and an overall cost leadership strategy is an example of____ refers to the process of identifying problems and then resolving them.Programmed decisions are made in response to ____ organizational problems.Associated with the condition of ____ is the lowest possibility of failure.Under conditions of ____, statistical analyses are useful.____ means that managers know which goals they wish to achieve, but information about alternatives and future events is incomplete.When managers know which goals they wish to achieve, but information about alternatives and future events is incomplete, the condition of ____ exists.____ is by far the most difficult situation for a decision-maker.The ____ model closely resembles the real environment in which most managers and decision-makers operate.____ is the last step in the decision making process.Which style is used by people who prefer simple, clear-cut solutions to problems?________ decisions are associated with conflicts over goals and decision alternatives, rapidly changing circumstances, fuzzy information, and unclear links among decision elements.Which of the following refers to the deployment of organizational resources to achieve strategic goals?Strategy defines ____ to do (it) while organizing defines ____ to do (it).Which of the following refers to the degree to which organizational tasks are subdivided into individual jobs?____ is also referred to as work specialization.The formal and legitimate right of a manager to make decisions isWhich department performs tasks that reflect the organization's primary goals and mission?Which of the following refers to the number of employees reporting to a supervisor?Traditionally, a span of management of about ____ has been recommended.An advantage of functional structures is theWhich is an advantage of the divisional structure?The matrix structure violates which of the following principles of management?Typically, project managers have authority over ____ but not over ____ assigned to it.The adoption of a new idea or behavior by an organization is known as organizationalAll of the following are characteristics of creative individuals EXCEPTCreative organizationsWhich of the following provides a safe harbor where ideas from employees throughout the company can be developed without interference from company bureaucracy or politics?Which of the following describes a person who is passionately committed to a new product of idea despite rejection by others?The role of the ____ is to prevent people in other roles from adopting a bad idea.Which of the following refers to a major shift in the norms, values, attitudes, and mindset of the entire organization?Organizational development specialists identify three distinct steps for achieving behavioral and attitudinal changes. These are____ indicates a disparity between existing and desired performance levels.What is force field analysis?When trying to overcome the resistance for change, which approach is best suited when change is technical?Which approach should a group use to resist change if the group has power over implementation and if the group will lose out in the change?Which approach to change implementation should be used when a crisis exists?____ refers to the activities undertaken to attract, develop, and maintain an effective workforce within an organization.Today, more than ever, strategic decisions are related to human resource considerations. Which of the following refers to the economic value of the knowledge, experience, skills, and capabilities of employees?The hiring of applicants based on criteria that are not job-related is calledFamily and Medical Leave Act require employers to provide up to ____ weeks unpaid leave for childbirth, adoption, or family emergencies.Which Health/Safety law requires continued health insurance coverage (paid by employee) following termination?____ generates higher employee commitment, development, and satisfaction than does ____.A (n) ____ typically lists job duties as well as desirable qualifications for a particular job.Which of the following refers to a method of directing, instructing and training a person with the goal to develop specific management skills?Which of the following performance appraisal methods essentially evaluates employees by pitting them against one another?____ is developed from critical incidents relating to job performance.____ allow employees to select the benefits of greatest value to them.When an experienced employee guides and supports a newcomer or less-experienced employee, this is referred to as:An interdisciplinary field dedicated to the study of how individuals and groups tend to act in organizations is calledWhich of the following refers to work behavior that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to the organization's success?____ refers to a positive attitude toward one's job.Roy is a top executive at a cigarette manufacturing company who believes that cigarettes are dangerous products and they kill people. This condition can be described asThe cognitive process people use to make sense out of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information is calledWhich of the following describes the last step in the perception process?____ is the process by which individuals screen and select the various objects and stimuli that vie for their attention.Which of the following refers to the tendency to see one's own personal traits in other people?Which of the following refers to the tendency to place the primary responsibility for one's success or failure either within oneself or on outside forces?Individuals who believe that they control their own destiny are described as having aJason has been unemployed for three months. When his wife asked him why he was not looking for a job, Jason responded, \"\"If I am lucky, I will get my old job back.\"\" Jason would be considered as having a (n)People with an external locus of control areWhich of the following is defined as the tendency to direct much of one's behavior toward the acquisition of power and the manipulation of others for personal gain?Research shows that ____ are predisposed to being pragmatic, capable of lying to achieve personal goals, more likely to win in win-lose situations, and more likely to persuade than be persuaded.Type A behavior pattern is characterized by all of these EXCEPT____ is the ability to influence people toward the attainment of organizational goals.Which of the following refers to the highest level in a hierarchy of manager capabilities?Researchers at the Ohio State University identified two major behaviors calledThe key assumption of Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory is that subordinates vary in theirHersey and Blanchard are responsible for which theory?Charismatic leaders are often ____ than transactional leaders.Some of the key characteristics associated with charismatic leaders include____ power comes from organizational structure and promotes stability, order, and problem solving within the structure.____ power comes from personal sources that are not as invested in the organization, such as personal interests, goals, and values.Which of the following is the power coming from a formal management position in the organization?____ power is based in the ability of the leader to do such things as recommend promotions.Which of the following types of power is vested in the manager's ability to punish employees?Which of the following types of power stems from a leader's special knowledge?Referent power depends on the leader'sâA fire that ignites followersâ is used to describe which leadership characteristic?Which of the following is the arousal, direction, and persistence of behavior?____ refers to a reward given by another person.____ is an example of an intrinsic reward.Which of the following is a content theory that proposes that people are motivated by physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization needs?Which of the following is NOT a need proposed by Maslow in his hierarchy of needs theory?Nelson is motivated by a strong need for recognition and is continually seeking credit for his contributions to the organization. According to Maslow, Neil is motivated by which category of needs?____ describe the most basic human physical needs, including food, water and oxygen.Which need describes the desire to be accepted by one's peer, have friendships, be part of a group, and be loved?According to Maslow, the highest order needs areAccording to Herzberg, ____ is an example of a hygiene factor.Which of the following is based on the relationships between effort, performance, and outcomes?Which of these is sometimes called negative reinforcement?Which of these refers to the withdrawal of a positive reward, meaning that behavior is no longer reinforced and hence is less likely to occur in the future?____ systematically moves employees from one job to another, thereby increasing the number of different tasks an employee performs without increasing the complexity of any one job.Which of the following combines a series of tasks into one new, broader job?What percentage of a manager's time is spent in direct communication?Communication is defined by the text as the process by which information isWhich of the following, in the communication process, has the responsibility to decode the symbols and interpret the meaning of the message?____ and ____ are potential sources for communication errors, because knowledge, attitudes, and background act as filters.____ refers to the amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication episode.Which of these is the richest medium for communication?Which of the following comprises the lowest channel richness?The term ____ is defined as \"\"an individual's level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication.\"\"____ is defined as communication transmitted through actions and behaviors rather than through words.Which of the following is the most familiar and obvious flow of formal communication?Many organizations use suggestion boxes, open door policies, and surveys to facilitateUpward communication is usually used to communicate information about all of the following EXCEPT____ is the acquisition and cultivation of personal relationships that cross departmental, hierarchical, and even organizational boundaries.Messages that convey data or statistics or simply put into words what managers already agree on and understand are referred to as:During breaks at work, Albert and Daphne talk occasionally about the problems that they are working on at work, in hopes that they can help each other out. This is an example of what type of organizational communication?Which of the following is a component of a team?A functional team is also referred to as a (n):Which of the following refers to a formal team composed of employees from about the same hierarchical level but from different areas of expertise?A ____ is a group of employees from different departments formed to deal with a specific activity and existing only until the task is completed.Which of the following teams are created outside the formal organization structure to undertake a project of special importance or creativity?Which of the following teams are described as a team that uses computer technology and groupware so that geographically distant members can collaborate on projects and reach common goals?What is the ideal size of work teams?Which of the following is the first stage of team development?The forming stage of team development is characterized byDuring which stage of team development should the team leader help clarify team roles, norms, and values?Which of the five stages of team development is marked by conflict and disagreement?During the ____ stage, the team leader should encourage participation by each team member.During which stage of team development does team unity emerge?Dale's work team is beginning to resolve its conflicts and consensus is developing on such things as members' roles. Dale's team is in which stage of team development?During the ____ stage of team development, the major emphasis is on task accomplishment.\"",
"text": "\"Ethan J. Size: 225Without ____, no company can survive over the long run.innovation One of the important ideas in the text's definition of management isthe management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Selecting goals and ways to attain them refers toplanning. Which of these can best describe organizing? Assigning responsibility for task accomplishment. Which of these is the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve organizational goals? Leading____ is the management function concerned with monitoring employees' activities, keeping the organization on track toward its goals, and making corrections as needed. Controlling The degree to which an organization achieves a stated goal refers to Which of the following refers to the amount of resources used to achieve an organization's goal? Which skills include specialized knowledge and analytical ability?____ managers are responsible for departments that perform a single functional task and have employees with similar training and skills. Which of these managers are in charge of departments such as finance and HR that support line departments?"
},
{
"docid": "D1728727#0",
"title": "http://www.flashcardmachine.com/history-of-psychology7.html\nShared Flashcard Set",
"text": "Shared Flashcard Set Details Title History of Psychology Description Exam Total Cards 263Subject Psychology Level Undergraduate 3Created 11/14/2011Click here to study/print these flashcards . Create your own flash cards! Sign up here . Additional Psychology Flashcards Cards Term Gestalt Definition A system of Psychology that focuses largely on learning and perception. They emphasized the “Whole”, suggesting that combining sensory elements produces new patterns with properties that did not exist in the individual elements. Term Pragnanz Definition The law of simplicity, we order our experiences in a matter that is simple, it cannot be broken down. Term Field theory Definition Lewins system using the concept of fields of force to explain behavior in terms of one’s field of social influences. Term Fields of Force Definitionregions or spaces traversed by lines of force, such as of a magnet or electric current. Term Insight Definition Immediate apprehension or cognition or the apparently spontaneous apprehension or understanding of relationships. →There is no underling conditioning taking place, rather from a certain point on, a realization of understanding the relationship occurs."
},
{
"docid": "D1777953#0",
"title": "https://wikispaces.psu.edu/display/PSYCH484/6.+Goal+Setting+Theory\nGoal Setting Theory Overview",
"text": "\"Created by BRIAN FRANCIS REDMOND, last modified by NATHAN JANICEK on Oct 02, 2016Goal Setting Theory Overview Since it was first researched five decades ago, goal-setting theory has been the most researched, utilized, and established theory of work motivation in the field of industrial and organizational psychology (Pennsylvania State University World Campus [PSU WC], 2015, L. 6). The theory began with the early work on levels of aspiration developed by Kurt Lewin and has since been primarily developed by Dr. Edwin Locke, who began goal setting research in the 1960s. The research revealed an inductive relationship between goal setting and improved production performance. A goal is the aim of an action or task that a person consciously desires to achieve or obtain (Locke & Latham, 2002; Locke & Latham, 2006). Goal setting involves the conscious process of establishing levels of performance in order to obtain desirable outcomes. This goal setting theory simply states that the source of motivation is the desire and intention to reach a goal (PSU WC, 2015, L. 6). If individuals or teams find that their current performance is not achieving desired goals, they typically become motivated to increase effort or change their strategy (Locke & Latham, 2006). Employee Motivation: Goal-Setting Theory Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 3:55Dr. Ben Baran discusses Goal-Setting Theory (Baran, Employee Motivation: Goal-Setting Theory. )"
},
{
"docid": "D1572627#0",
"title": "https://www.iep.utm.edu/freud/\nSigmund Freud (1856â1939)",
"text": "\"Sigmund Freud (1856—1939)Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, was a physiologist, medical doctor, psychologist and influential thinker of the early twentieth century. Working initially in close collaboration with Joseph Breuer, Freud elaborated the theory that the mind is a complex energy-system, the structural investigation of which is the proper province of psychology. He articulated and refined the concepts of the unconscious, infantile sexuality and repression, and he proposed a tripartite account of the mind’s structure—all as part of a radically new conceptual and therapeutic frame of reference for the understanding of human psychological development and the treatment of abnormal mental conditions. Notwithstanding the multiple manifestations of psychoanalysis as it exists today, it can in almost all fundamental respects be traced directly back to Freud’s original work. Freud’s innovative treatment of human actions, dreams, and indeed of cultural artifacts as invariably possessing implicit symbolic significance has proven to be extraordinarily fruitful, and has had massive implications for a wide variety of fields including psychology, anthropology, semiotics, and artistic creativity and appreciation. However, Freud’s most important and frequently re-iterated claim, that with psychoanalysis he had invented a successful science of the mind, remains the subject of much critical debate and controversy. Table of Contents Life Backdrop to His Thought The Theory of the Unconscious Infantile Sexuality Neuroses and The Structure of the Mind Psychoanalysis as a Therapy Critical Evaluation of Freud The Claim to Scientific Status The Coherence of the Theory Freud's Discovery The Efficacy of Psychoanalytic Therapy References and Further Reading Works by Freud Works on Freud and Freudian Psychoanalysis1. Life Freud was born in Frieberg, Moravia in 1856, but when he was four years old his family moved to Vienna where he was to live and work until the last years of his life. In 1938 the Nazis annexed Austria, and Freud, who was Jewish, was allowed to leave for England. For these reasons, it was above all with the city of Vienna that Freud’s name was destined to be deeply associated for posterity, founding as he did what was to become known as the ‘first Viennese school’ of psychoanalysis from which flowed psychoanalysis as a movement and all subsequent developments in this field."
},
{
"docid": "D1729448#0",
"title": "http://www.schizophrenia.com/research/chap07.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Schizophrenia as a Model of Dopamine Disfunction ( Excerpted from Drugs, Brains and Behavior - by Timmons and Hamilton)A. INTRODUCTION B. CLASSIFICATION OF SCHIZOPHRENIA C. EVIDENCE FOR BIOLOGICAL BASES OF SCHIZOPHRENIADistribution of Occurrence Genetic Patterns Drug Effects and Schizophrenia D. BIOLOGICAL MODELS OF SCHIZOPHRENIASearching for a Chemical Label The DBH Model Rationale DBH as a rate limiter Other Dopamine Models Metabolic pathway theories Receptor theories Endorphin contributions The dynamic synapse Movement Disorders E. SUMMARYPrinciples Terms Return to main Table of Contents of The Text Book SCHIZOPHRENIA AS A MODEL OF DOPAMINE DYSFUNCTIONA. INTRODUCTIONOne of the defining characteristics of advanced organisms is the ability to make flexible, yet adaptive responses to environmental stimuli. These stimuli may arise from within the organism or impinge upon it from the outside. The resulting myriad of stimuli ranges in salience from the barely noticeable to the intense. The stimuli in the intense range are usually considered to be biologically significant, whether they originate within the organism or are encountered in the outside environment. At any given moment, the organism is likely to be faced with many stimuli that could be acted upon, but in reality only a few become the targets of behavior. Psychologists have conceptualized this process as a system of drives and rewards. The particular combination of stimuli that arises from the outside world and from the physiology of the organism triggers brain activity that has two major effects: It energizes behavior and directs behavior. For example, if an individual has gone for several hours without food, the stimuli arising from inside the body produce an effect which can be labeled hunger. These stimuli may be intensified by external cues such as the position of the hands on a clock, a television advertisement for junk food, or other food related items."
},
{
"docid": "D1056936#0",
"title": "http://www.slideshare.net/nasrina1991faozia/authentic-leadership-psychological-well-being-report\nAuthentic/Ethical leadership & psychological well being",
"text": "\"1 of 106Authentic/Ethical leadership & psychological well being6,774 views Share Like Download... Jamia Millia Islamia Follow Published on Sep 4, 2012The impact of Authentic and ethical leadership styles on the psychological... Published in: Business, Education0 Comments7 Likes Statistics Notes Post Be the first to comment Authentic/Ethical leadership & psychological well being1. LEADERSHIP AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING2. Abstract This project focuses on two different types of leadership styles namely,Ethical and Authentic leadership. The study primarily focuses on authentic and ethical leadership styles and their relationship with the psychological wellbeing of leaders. The objective of this project is to study and understand these two types of leadership styles and their correlation with the psychological wellbeing of the leader,with the help of Leadership And Well Being Scale. Leadership is a very important topic for research in todays work settings. Its very important to study different types of leadership styles and to find out how and in what ways each leadership style affects the psychological wellbeing of the leader. Authentic and Ethical leadershipstyles are also two very effective leadership styles and are being studied very extensively by industrial and organizational psychologists. The main objective of this study is to find the correlation between authentic/ethical leadership and psychological well being of the leaders.3. Being a successful leader is not an easy job and it requires a lot of knowledge and expertise."
},
{
"docid": "D60171#0",
"title": "http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Mar-No/Motivation-and-Motivation-Theory.html\nMOTIVATION AND MOTIVATION THEORY",
"text": "\"MOTIVATION AND MOTIVATION THEORYFollow City-Data.com founder on our Forum or @Lech Mazur Photo by: Helder Almeida The term motivation is derived from the Latin word movere, meaning \"\"to move.\"\" Motivation can be broadly defined as the forces acting on or within a person that cause the arousal, direction, and persistence of goal-directed, voluntary effort. Motivation theory is thus concerned with the processes that explain why and how human behavior is activated. The broad rubric of motivation and motivation theory is one of the most frequently studied and written-about topics in the organizational sciences, and is considered one of the most important areas of study in the field of organizational behavior. Despite the magnitude of the effort that has been devoted to the study of motivation, there is no single theory of motivation that is universally accepted. The lack of a unified theory of motivation reflects both the complexity of the construct and the diverse backgrounds and aims of those who study it. To delineate these crucial points, it is illuminating to consider the development of motivation and motivation theory as the objects of scientific inquiry. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTEarly explanations of motivation focused on instincts. Psychologists writing in the late 19th and early twentieth centuries suggested that human beings were basically programmed to behave in certain ways, depending upon the behavioral cues to which they were exposed. Sigmund Freud, for example, argued that the most powerful determinants of individual behavior were those of which the individual was not consciously aware."
},
{
"docid": "D60280#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotion\nEmotion",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Emotion (disambiguation). \"\" Emotional\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Emotional (disambiguation). Part of a series on Emotions Affection Anger Angst Anguish Annoyance Anticipation Anxiety Apathy Arousal Awe Boredom Confidence Contempt Contentment Courage Curiosity Depression Desire Despair Disappointment Disgust Distrust Ecstasy Embarrassment Empathy Enthusiasm Envy Euphoria Fear Frustration Gratitude Grief Guilt Happiness Hatred Hope Horror Hostility Humiliation Interest Jealousy Joy Loneliness Love Lust Outrage Panic Passion Pity Pleasure Pride Rage Regret Rejection Remorse Resentment Sadness Saudade Schadenfreude Self-confidence Shame Shock Shyness Sorrow Suffering Surprise Trust Wonder Worryv t e Emotion is any conscious experience [1] [2] [3] characterized by intense mental activity and a certain degree of pleasure or displeasure. [ 4] [5] Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality, disposition, and motivation. [ 6] In some theories, cognition is an important aspect of emotion. Those acting primarily on the emotions they are feeling may seem as if they are not thinking, but mental processes are still essential, particularly in the interpretation of events. For example, the realization of our believing that we are in a dangerous situation and the subsequent arousal of our body's nervous system (rapid heartbeat and breathing, sweating, muscle tension) is integral to the experience of our feeling afraid. Other theories, however, claim that emotion is separate from and can precede cognition."
},
{
"docid": "D3337685#0",
"title": "https://www.ukessays.com/essays/management/types-of-change-and-its-impact-on-motivation-management-essay.php\nTypes of change and its impact on motivation",
"text": "Types of change and its impact on motivation Print Reference this Published: 23rd March, 2015Disclaimer: This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UK Essays. Change is a fact of organizational life, just as it is in human life. Because when the organization does not change cannot survive long. For the purpose of excellence performance, organizations have to change according to the environmental demands. When organizational change is well planned and implemented, there is a surety for its continual survival (Mary Darby, Gerry Mc Glynn). To survive in these competitive times, companies can't afford anything less, so to enhance the performance industrialist have to bring change frequently and randomly then it will surely helpful for the organizations for their existence. Organizational change can help the firms achieve higher organizational performance and higher competitive capability in order to survive in high competitive global markets. Due to the competitive environment, and to stay in competition organizations has to bring radical changes in the organization."
},
{
"docid": "D289976#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_psychology\nSport psychology",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages)This article needs additional citations for verification. ( October 2017)This article needs to be updated. ( October 2017)Part of a series on Psychology Outline History Subfields Basic types Applied psychology Applied behavior analysis Clinical Community Consumer Counseling Critical Educational Environmental Ergonomics Forensic Health Humanistic Industrial and organizational Legal Medical Military Music Occupational health Political Religion School Sport Traffic Lists Psychology portalv t e Sport psychology is an interdisciplinary science that draws on knowledge from many related fields including biomechanics, physiology, kinesiology and psychology. It involves the study of how psychological factors affect performance and how participation in sport and exercise affect psychological and physical factors. [ 1] In addition to instruction and training of psychological skills for performance improvement, applied sport psychology may include work with athletes, coaches, and parents regarding injury, rehabilitation, communication, team building, and career transitions. Contents1 History1.1 Early history1.2 Coleman Griffith: \"\"America’s First Sport Psychologist\"\"1.3 Renewed growth and emergence as a discipline1.4 Debate over the professionalization of sport psychology2 Present status3 Applied3.1 Educational sport psychologists4 Common areas of study4.1 Personality4.2 Youth sport4.3 Coaching4.4 Team processes4.5 Evolutionary perspectives5 Commonly used techniques5.1 Arousal regulation5.2 Goal setting5.3 Imagery5.4 Preperformance routines5.5 Self-talk6 Exercise psychology7 See also8 References9 External links History [ edit]Early history [ edit]In its formation, sport psychology was primarily the domain of physical educators, not researchers, which can explain the lack of a consistent history. [ 2] Nonetheless, many instructors sought to explain the various phenomena associated physical activity and developed sport psychology laboratorie. The birth of sports psychology in Europe happened largely in Germany."
},
{
"docid": "D578571#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership\nLeadership",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Leader\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Leader (disambiguation). Part of a series on Psychology Outline History Subfields Basic types [show]Applied psychology [show]Lists [show]Psychology portalv t e Leadership is both a research area and a practical skill encompassing the ability of an individual or organization to \"\"lead\"\" or guide other individuals, teams, or entire organizations. [ citation needed] Specialist literature debates various viewpoints, contrasting Eastern and Western approaches to leadership, and also (within the West) United States versus European approaches. U. S. academic environments define leadership as \"\"a process of social influence in which a person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task \"\". [ 1] [2] Leadership seen from a European and non-academic perspective encompasses a view of a leader who can be moved not only by communitarian goals but also by the search for personal power. [ citation needed] Leadership can derive from a combination of several factors. [ citation needed]Studies of leadership have produced theories involving traits, [3] situational interaction, function, behavior, [4] power, vision and values, [5] charisma, and intelligence, among others. [ 2]Contents [ hide ]1 Historical views2 Theories2.1 Early western history2.2 Rise of alternative theories2.3 Reemergence of trait theory2.4 Attribute pattern approach2.5 Behavioral and style theories2.5.1 Positive reinforcement2.6 Situational and contingency theories2.7 Functional theory2.8 Integrated psychological theory2.9 Transactional and transformational theories2.10 Leader–member exchange theory2.10.1 In-group members2.10.2 Out-group members2.11 Emotions2.12 Neo-emergent theory3 Leadership emergence3.1 Assertiveness3.2 Authenticity3.3 Big Five personality factors3.4 Birth order3.5 Character strengths3.6 Dominance3.7 Emotional intelligence3.8 Gender identity3.9 Intelligence3.10 Narcissism3.11 Self-efficacy for leadership3.12 Self-monitoring3.13 Social motivation4 Leadership styles4.1 Autocratic or authoritarian4.2 Participative or democratic4.3 Laissez-faire or Free-rein4.4 Task-oriented and relationship-oriented5 Leadership differences affected by sex6 Performance7 Traits8 Ontological-phenomenological model9 Contexts9.1 Organizations9.2 Management9.3 Group9.4 Self-leadership9.5 Primates10 Myths10.1 Leadership is innate10.2 Leadership is possessing power over others10.3 Leaders are positively influential10.4 Leaders entirely control group outcomes10.5 All groups have a designated leader10.6 Group members resist leaders11 Action-oriented environments12 Critical thought13 Executives14 See also15 References Historical views [ edit]This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources."
},
{
"docid": "D2512138#0",
"title": "http://www.chem1.com/CQ/wonkywater.html\nWonky Water weirdness and quackery",
"text": "\"ea Wonky Water weirdness and quackery Junk Science in the Marketplace Aqua Scams home | What is Pseudoscience? | About water On this page:\"\"Energized\"\" and \"\"left-spin\"\" waters, Eloptic, Platonic solids, biophotons, Bovis bunk Light and far-infrared fantasies,MRET, photonic ionization, biophotons Magical mineral filters, zeolites, tourmaline and quartz crystals, Prill Beads, Sicon, humic humbug, Angstrom minerals\"\"Charged\"\", \"\"ionized\"\", \"\"super-ionized\"\" waters, Q-ray bracelet Hydrogenated waters, deuterium, H4OVibration & Vortex Voodo, Imploded Water, water wand Weird, weird. Monoatomic elements, DNA updaters, EMF protection, magnetic cup, tachyons References The market for \"\"alternative\"\" health products is a large and growing one, aided partly by the general decline in science education and the attendant popularity of pseudoscientific beliefs and entertainments in the popular culture. It's no wonder then, that the hucksters and snake-oil salesmen have rushed in to feed the needs of the notoriously credulous seekers of holistic wellness. But more seriously, folks in truly poor or unsecure health are also being taken in, often paying hundreds of dollars for worthless nostrums and devices that purport to energize, revitalize or restructure water so as to restore health, reverse aging, and even improve the harmony of the world. As a retired Chemistry professor who has given courses on the chemistry of water, it disturbs me to see crackpot chemistry and pseudoscientific mind-mush used to promote this bunk to consumers whose lack of scientific training leaves them unprotected from this exploitation. My purpose is to examine the scientific credibility of the claims made about these products in the hope that those who are concerned about their health, but who lack the technical background to distinguish science from pseudoscience when the two are closely intertwined, can make more informed decisions. Related water-quackery sites Bunk House cross-reference Coral calcium quackery Detox footbath foolishness Energized waters Flanagan's shenanagins\"\"Ionized\"\" and alkaline water BSJohn Ellis Electron Water Machine\"\"Magnetized\"\" waters Oxygenated water Penta Water pseudoscience Pi water debunked Structured and Cluster flapdoodle In the following descriptions of the various products, text shown in \"\"comic\"\"-style type is quoted verbatim from a manufacturer's or sales Web page, with any excisions noted. Some of these pages may no longer be current; I would appreciate being notified about any substantive change in content. Portions of these text excerpts that I consider to be scientifically meaningless, absurd, incorrect, or misleading, or for which no credible evidence is available, are written in \"\" purple prose \"\"."
},
{
"docid": "D980846#0",
"title": "http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Gr-Int/Human-Resource-Management.html\nHUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT",
"text": "\"HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENTFollow City-Data.com founder on our Forum or @Lech Mazur Photo by: Santiago Cornejo Human resource management (HRM), also called personnel management, consists of all the activities undertaken by an enterprise to ensure the effective utilization of employees toward the attainment of individual, group, and organizational goals. An organization's HRM function focuses on the people side of management. It consists of practices that help the organization to deal effectively with its people during the various phases of the employment cycle, including pre-hire, staffing, and post-hire. The pre-hire phase involves planning practices. The organization must decide what types of job openings will exist in the upcoming period and determine the necessary qualifications for performing these jobs. During the hire phase, the organization selects its employees. Selection practices include recruiting applicants, assessing their qualifications, and ultimately selecting those who are deemed to be the most qualified. In the post-hire phase, the organization develops HRM practices for effectively managing people once they have \"\"come through the door.\"\" These practices are designed to maximize the performance and satisfaction levels of employees by providing them with the necessary knowledge and skills to perform their jobs and by creating conditions that will energize, direct, and facilitate employees' efforts toward meeting the organization's objectives. HRM DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION RESPONSIBILITIESWhile most firms have a human resources or personnel department that develops and implements HRM practices, responsibility lies with both HR professionals and line managers."
},
{
"docid": "D2027072#0",
"title": "http://www.academia.edu/4130515/Systems_Theory_and_Interpersonal_Relationships\nSystems Theory and Interpersonal Relationships",
"text": "\"pdf Systems Theory and Interpersonal Relationships16 Pages Systems Theory and Interpersonal Relationships Uploaded by Joanie V Connorsconnect to download Get pdf Systems Theory and Interpersonal Relationships Download Connors, Interpersonal Systems 1 Systems Theory and Interpersonal Relationships Joanie V. Connors, Ph. D. The study of human behavior and human problems was mainly concerned with individuals until systems theory emerged around sixty years ago. The explosion of interest in systems thinking spurred a flurry of theories and studies about the functioning of families, soon followed by the development of the field of group dynamics. It was not until the 1990’s until relationship science took hold and focused scientific inquiry onto how intimate relationships work Together, these relationship centered approaches have tremendously expanded our understanding of how relationships work. This chapter will describe many of the ways that relationship behaviors are explained by systems, especially the more recent developments. This chapter describes a number of systems theories, including general system theory, family systems theory and interpersonal systems theory, as well as the general movement of systems thinking. There are other systems theories, but a discussion of them would take hundreds of pages. General systems theory is the theoretical origin of systems thinking which was developed by a biologist to apply to everything that lives. Family systems theory applies systems’ thinking to family dynamics, problems and therapy. Interpersonal systems theory uses systems’ thinking to understand relationships and groups as living systems."
},
{
"docid": "D2171921#0",
"title": "http://www.studydroid.com/printerFriendlyViewPack.php?packId=131459\n.",
"text": "\"MNGT 370rogerjaywint3rs Front Back According to the text, what are the skills used by managers when performing the four functions of management? Conceptual, human, technical One of the importatnt ideas in the text's defention of management is... the management functions of planning, organizing, leading and controlling Using influence to motivate employees describes which of these functions? Leading Monitoring activities and making corrections refer to Controlling Taylor Brittinghams is a general manager. Which of the following best describes her position. She is responsible for several departments that perform different functions. A (n) _______ perspective provides a broader way of thinking, a way of searching for patterns and determining whether they recur across time periods. Analytical The president of Pepsi Company is the keynote speaker at a retirement dinner for a long time bottler. This is an examply of which of the following roles? Figurehead role Which of the following is not a decisional role? Liason To meet the needs of the organization, all managers carry out the three major categories of roles."
},
{
"docid": "D2038804#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/11547342/developmental-psychology-flashcards-for-final-flash-cards/\nDevelopmental Psychology Flashcards for Final",
"text": "\"850 terms Atat93Developmental Psychology Flashcards for Final Sample Questions from All Chapters Studied Who's idea is this: \"\"The life-span perspective has seven fundamental contentions.\"\"? Paul Baltes Who's idea is this: \"\"Children actively construct their understanding of the world in four stages.\"\"? Jean Piaget Who's idea is this: \"\"Our adult personality is determined by the way we resolve conflicts between sources of pleasure and the demands of reality at each of five stages of psychosexual development.\"\"? Sigmund Freud Who's idea is this: \"\"People cognitively represent others' behavior and sometimes adopt it themselves.\"\"? Albert Bandura Who's idea is this: \"\"Parenting and nurturing the next generation of children are our society's most important functions.\"\"? Marian Wright Edelman Who's idea is this: \"\"Our society is increasingly age-irrelevant.\"\"? Bernice Neugarten Who's idea is this: \"\"Imprinting, the rapid, innate learning that involves attachment of the young to its mother, needs to take place very early in life or it won't take place.\"\"? Konrad Lorenz Who's idea is this: \"\"Children's social interaction with more skilled adults and peers is indispensable to their cognitive development.\"\"? Lev Vygotsky Who's idea is this: \"\"Humans develop in psychosocial stages.\"\"? Erik Erikson Who's idea is this: \"\"Rewards and punishments shape individuals' development.\"\"?"
},
{
"docid": "D3013074#0",
"title": "https://www.scribd.com/doc/47227038/Directing-and-Controlling\nDirecting and Controlling",
"text": "Learning Objectives 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Define the term directing. Describe the nature of directing. Define the term leadership. Understand the importance of leadership. Describe different leadership styles. Define motivation Understand importance of motivation. Describe Maslaw s theory of needs Explain Herzberg s theory Understand theory X and Y Compare different theories of motivation. Define the term communication. Describe the importance of communication in an organization's.0 Understand different types of communication. 0 Understand the need of coordination."
}
] |
8743 | _____ refers to the practice of ensuring that an organization's systems operate within required legal constraints, and organizational obligations. | [
{
"docid": "D2107891#0",
"title": "http://www.acc.com/legalresources/quickcounsel/eaecp.cfm\nLegal Resources",
"text": "\"Overview Establishing an effective Compliance and Ethics Program (\"\"Program\"\") has become a necessity to protect any highly regulated organization. At its core, an effective Program protects an organization by detecting and preventing improper conduct and promoting adherence to the organization's legal and ethical obligations. In 1991, the U. S. Sentencing Commission established the most recognized standards for an effective Program within its Sentencing Guidelines Manual (\"\"Guidelines\"\"). These Guidelines are closely aligned with the principles set forth in compliance guidance that various agencies have developed over time. These include guidance related to investment companies, companies interacting with foreign officials, hospitals, nursing homes, pharmaceutical companies, and government contractors to name a few. These Guidelines and this guidance have been used by organizations to design and implement their Programs. While there is no \"\"one-size-fits-all\"\" Program for every organization, there are several core components that must exist to have an effective Program. These components are set forth below. Standards and Procedures An organization must have standards of conduct and internal controls reasonably capable of reducing the likelihood of criminal and other improper conduct (Guidelines, § 8B2.1 (b) (1)). The foundation of these controls should be a code of conduct."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D838164#0",
"title": "https://www.scribd.com/doc/123568095/International-Business-Quiz\nChapter 13 - The Organization of International Business",
"text": "\"Chapter 13 - The Organization of International Business Chapter 13 The Organization of International Business True / False Questions1. ( p. 450) As long as a firm's strategy is in line with the competitive environment, it is not necessary for the strategy to be consistent with the organizational architecture. FALSEDifficulty: Medium2. ( p. 451) Organizational structure refers to the totality of a firm's organization. FALSEDifficulty: Easy3. ( p. 451) A firm's organizational culture refers to the formal organizational structure of the company, the control systems and incentives in place and the human resources component. FALSEDifficulty: Easy4. ( p. 451) The bonus a manager might receive if her subsidiary performance exceeds its performance target is an example of an incentive. TRUEDifficulty: Easy13-1 Chapter 13 - The Organization of International Business5. ( p. 452) The various components of an organization's architecture are independent of each other."
},
{
"docid": "D3305360#0",
"title": "https://www.laetusinpraesens.org/docs70s/typeap4.php\nTypes of International Organization",
"text": "\"Alternative view of segmented documents via Kairos 1978Types of International Organization Detailed overview Updated version of an article which first appeared in the Yearbook of International Organizations in 1978. That version was reproduced, with minor alterations, by permission of the publisher and editors of: International Organizations; a conceptual approach edited by Paul Taylor and A J M Groom (London, Frances Pinter, 1977; New York, Nichols Publishing Company, 1978). The article appeared there under the title: \"\"International institutions: diversity, borderline cases, functional substitutes and possible alternatives\"\"1. Introduction2. Conventional categories3. Types of organization in the Yearbook4. Classification categories ( Annex) 5. Problems of classifying international organizations Conclusions References1. Introduction This section reviews the complete range of international organizations. The conventional categories used are first examined, then various ways of distinguishing between the many kinds of organization and degrees of \"\"internationality\"\" are considered."
},
{
"docid": "D2968032#0",
"title": "http://www.laetusinpraesens.org/docs70s/typeap4.php\nTypes of International Organization",
"text": "\"Alternative view of segmented documents via Kairos 1978Types of International Organization Detailed overview Updated version of an article which first appeared in the Yearbook of International Organizations in 1978. That version was reproduced, with minor alterations, by permission of the publisher and editors of: International Organizations; a conceptual approach edited by Paul Taylor and A J M Groom (London, Frances Pinter, 1977; New York, Nichols Publishing Company, 1978). The article appeared there under the title: \"\"International institutions: diversity, borderline cases, functional substitutes and possible alternatives\"\"1. Introduction2. Conventional categories3. Types of organization in the Yearbook4. Classification categories ( Annex) 5. Problems of classifying international organizations Conclusions References1. Introduction This section reviews the complete range of international organizations. The conventional categories used are first examined, then various ways of distinguishing between the many kinds of organization and degrees of \"\"internationality\"\" are considered."
},
{
"docid": "D2107892#0",
"title": "https://www.coursehero.com/file/p4m6g19/ensuring-that-an-organizations-systems-operate-within-required-legal/\nEnsuring that an organizations systems operate within",
"text": "Ensuring that an organizations systems operate within SCHOOLMc Gill COURSE TITLEMANAGEMENT MGCR 331TYPENotes UPLOADED BYsandr06PAGES 6This preview shows pages 5–6. Sign up to view the full content. View Full Documentensuring that an organization’s systems operate within required legal constraints,and industry and organizational obligations. Total Cost of Ownership (TCO): all of the costs associated with the design, development,testing, implementation, documentation, training, and maintenance of a software system. Why do technology products fail? Some examples:- Unrealistic or unclear project goals- Poor project leadership- Unmanaged risks- Poor project management- Commercial pressures- Use of immature technology Capability maturity model integration (CMMI): a process-improvement approach (useful forbut not limited to software engineering projects) that can assist in assessing the maturity, quality,This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. View Full Documentand development of certain organizational business processes, and suggests steps for theirimprovement. Takeaways: The care and feeding of information systems can be complex and expensive. The TCO of systems can include software development and documentation, or thepurchase price and ongoing license and support fees, plus configuration, testing,deployment, maintenance, support, training, compliance auditing, security, backup,and provisions for disaster recovery."
},
{
"docid": "D1657739#0",
"title": "http://oer.nios.ac.in/wiki/index.php/Phases_of_System_Development_Life_Cycle\nPhases of System Development Life Cycle",
"text": "Previous Page Home Page Next Page ICT Applications Let us now describe the different phases and the related activities of system development life cycle in detail. Contents [ hide ]1 System Study2 Feasibility Study3 Detailed System Study4 System Analysis5 System Design6 Coding7 Testing8 Implementation9 Maintenance System Study Preliminary system study is the first stage of system development life cycle. This is a brief investigation of the system under consideration and gives a clear picture of what actually the physical system is? In practice, the initial system study involves the preparation of a System proposal which lists the Problem Definition, Objectives of the Study, Terms of reference for Study, Constraints, Expected benefits of the new system, etc. in the light of the user requirements. The system proposal is prepared by the System Analyst (who studies the system) and places it before the user management. The management may accept the proposal and the cycle proceeds to the next stage. The management may also reject the proposal or request some modifications in the proposal. In summary, we would say that system study phase passes through the following steps:problem identification and project initiationbackground analysisinference or findings Feasibility Study In case the system proposal is acceptable to the management, the next phase is to examine the feasibility of the system. The feasibility study is basically the test of the proposed system in the light of its workability, meeting user’s requirements, effective use of resources and of course, the cost effectiveness."
},
{
"docid": "D452977#0",
"title": "http://www.togaf.org/togaf9/chap02.html\n.",
"text": "\"You are here: TOGAF Online > Part I: Introduction > Core Concepts<<< Previous Home Core Concepts What is TOGAF? | What is Architecture in the Context of TOGAF? | What Kind of Architecture Does TOGAF Deal With? | Architecture Development Method | Deliverables, Artifacts, and Building Blocks | Enterprise Continuum | Architecture Repository | Establishing and Maintaining an Enterprise Architecture Capability | Establishing the Architecture Capability as an Operational Entity | Using TOGAF with Other Frameworks | TOGAF Document Categorization Model For the purposes of TOGAF 9, the core concepts provided in this chapter apply. What is TOGAF? TOGAF is an architecture framework - The Open Group Architecture Framework. TOGAF provides the methods and tools for assisting in the acceptance, production, use, and maintenance of an enterprise architecture. It is based on an iterative process model supported by best practices and a re-usable set of existing architecture assets. What is Architecture in the Context of TOGAF? ISO/IEC 42010:2007 defines \"\"architecture\"\" as:\"\"The fundamental organization of a system, embodied in its components, their relationships to each other and the environment, and the principles governing its design and evolution. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D1334238#0",
"title": "http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2391/School-Boards.html\nSchool Boards - RESPONSIBILITIES DUTIES DECISION-MAKING AND LEGAL BASIS FOR LOCAL SCHOOL BOARD POWERS",
"text": "\"DUTIES, RESPONSIBILITIES, DECISION-MAKING, AND LEGAL BASIS FOR LOCAL SCHOOL BOARD POWERSJoseph Beckham Barbara Klaymeier Wills SELECTION AND EDUCATION OF MEMBERSKent M. Weeks RESPONSIBILITIES DUTIES DECISION-MAKING AND LEGAL BASIS FOR LOCAL SCHOOL BOARD POWERSLocal school boards have been an integral feature of the U. S. public education system for nearly 100 years, and they are widely regarded as the principal democratic body capable of representing citizens in local education decisions. The formal institutional roles assigned to school boards, and the designated position board members play as representatives of the community, would lead one to believe that the school board has a decisive role in public education policy and school system administration. In the minds of many lay citizens, school boards have considerable influence over educational decisions and provide a key social and political connection to the schooling process. Although research has affirmed the important role that local school boards played in implementing educational reforms such as student testing and graduation requirements, some critics have contended the traditional leadership and policymaking roles of local school boards have been compromised by bureaucratic intransigence, a tendency to micromanage school system operations, and divisiveness caused by special interest groups. While one researcher has suggested that lay control of schools is a myth, others have argued that the school board is essential to ensure the quality of public education services at the local level. Legal Basis for Local School Board Powers The U. S. Constitution contains no mention of education. With the federal government limited to those powers either expressly stated or implied in the Constitution, the federal role in public education is secondary to that of the states. Power over public education is as essential an attribute of state sovereignty as that of the power to tax or to provide for the general welfare of the state's citizens. The state legislative mandate to provide for a system of public schools is found in the state constitution, usually in language requiring a \"\"general,\"\" \"\"uniform,\"\" \"\"thorough,\"\" or \"\"efficient\"\" system of public schools. Even though power officially resides with the states, concerns about efficiency and local involvement are addressed through the delegation of authority from the legislative branch to the local school board."
},
{
"docid": "D1661753#0",
"title": "https://www.scribd.com/doc/133239860/Role-of-HR-Department-in-Hotel-Industry\nINTRODUCTION TO HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT OF HOTEL INDUSTRY",
"text": "INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT OF HOTEL INDUSTRYIn hotel industry the job of HR manager can be compare with the job of conductor, whose job is to instruct and direct all of the various musicians so that they can perform well together. But before a conductor can direct a beautiful performance, all of the individual musicians must be able to play their instruments well. What kind of performance could one can expect if the violinists did not know how to play their instruments or the flutists could not read music? So it is in the hospitality industry, before a manager can direct and shape employee’s individual contributions into an efficient whole, he or she must first turn employees into competent workers who know how to do their jobs. Employees are the musicians of the orchestra that the members of the audiencethe-guests-have come to watch performance. If employees are not skilled at their jobs, then the performance they give will get bad reviews. Just as an orchestra can have a fine musical score from a great composer and still perform poorly because of incompetent musicians, so a hotel can have a finest standard recipes, service procedures and quality standards and still have dissatisfied guests because of poor employee performance. That is why properly managing human resources is so important. No other industry provides so much contact between employees and customers and so many opportunities to either reinforce a positive experience or create a negative one. No doubt different department’s heads are present to look their department employee."
},
{
"docid": "D3132330#0",
"title": "https://technet.microsoft.com/sr-latn-rs/library/jj134930(v=crm.7).aspx\nMicrosoft Dynamics CRM Online Security and Compliance Planning Guide",
"text": "Microsoft Dynamics CRM Online Security and Compliance Planning Guide Published: July 2012 Updated: September 2013Rezime This document is designed to help readers understand the key compliance and security considerations associated with planning for a deployment of Microsoft Dynamics CRM Online in environments that may include enterprise directory integration services such as directory synchronization and single sign-on. Odnosi se na Microsoft Dynamics CRM Online In this white paper Introduction Compliance overview Overview of securing the business environment Securing the on-premises server infrastructure Identity and access management Protecting information Auditing and reporting Appendix A: Additional resources Appendix B: Accessibility for Microsoft Dynamics CRMFeedback Uvod This section introduces the purpose and scope of the information provided in this paper, together with the recommended prerequisite knowledge. Purpose With on-premises deployments of Microsoft Dynamics CRM, customers have control of and responsibility for their environment from end-to-end. However, customers contemplating a move to the cloud with Microsoft Dynamics CRM Online often raise questions about security, data protection, privacy, and data ownership. Microsoft takes these concerns seriously and has applied its years of cloud and on-premises experience with security and privacy to development of its online services offerings, including Microsoft Dynamics CRM Online. The Microsoft Dynamics CRM Online service provides secure access across platforms and devices, with anti-spam and antivirus technologies that are automatically updated to protect against the latest threats. The security features and services associated with Microsoft Dynamics CRM Online are built in, which can help to reduce the time and cost associated with securing customer IT systems. At the same time, Microsoft Dynamics CRM Online enables administrators to easily control permissions, policies, and features through online administration and management consoles, which means that customers can configure the service to meet specific security and compliance requirements. Beleška Detailed information about the Microsoft Dynamics CRM Online service is available in separate service description articles: Microsoft Dynamics CRM Online service description Microsoft Dynamics CRM Online security and service continuity guide Scope The current version of this document is designed to help readers understand the key compliance and security considerations associated with planning for a deployment of Microsoft Dynamics CRM Online in environments that include enterprise directory integration services such as directory synchronization and single sign-on. Važno The guidance provided in this document is subject to change."
},
{
"docid": "D520473#0",
"title": "https://www.simplilearn.com/feasibility-study-article\nWhy a Feasibility Study is Important in Project Management",
"text": "Why a Feasibility Study is Important in Project Management Mukund Last updated December 13, 2017244899 Views What is a feasibility study? As the name implies, a feasibility study is used to determine the viability of an idea, such as ensuring a project is legally and technically feasible as well as economically justifiable. It tells us whether a project is worth the investment—in some cases, a project may not be doable. There can be many reasons for this, including requiring too many resources, which not only prevents those resources from performing other tasks but also may cost more than an organization would earn back by taking on a project that isn’t profitable. Interested in taking up a Project Management Professional? Check out our Course Preview to check whether you need training or not A well-designed study should offer a historical background of the business or project, such as a description of the product or service, accounting statements, details of operations and management, marketing research and policies, financial data, legal requirements, and tax obligations. Generally, such studies precede technical development and project implementation. PMP® Introduction To PMBOK 5 Lesson 1 | PMP Training Videos | PMP Tutorial | Simiplilearn Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 9:47Five Areas of Project Feasibility A feasibility study evaluates the project’s potential for success; therefore, perceived objectivity is an important factor in the credibility of the study for potential investors and lending institutions. There are five types of feasibility study—separate areas that a feasibility study examines, described below.1."
},
{
"docid": "D388994#0",
"title": "http://www.pearsonitcertification.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2192704&seqNum=2\nSecurity Program and Policies: Governance and Risk Management",
"text": "Security Program and Policies: Governance and Risk Management By Sari Greene Apr 16, 2014 Contents␡Understanding Information Security Policies Information Security Governance Information Security Risk Summary References⎙ Print + Share This< Back Page 2 of 5 Next >This chapter is from the book Security Program and Policies: Principles and Practices, 2nd Edition Learn More Buy Information Security Governance Governance is the process of managing, directing, controlling, and influencing organizational decisions, actions, and behaviors. The ISO 27002:2013 Organization of Information Security domain objective is “to establish a management framework to initiate and control the implementation and operation of information security within the organization.” This domain requires organizations to decide who is responsible for security management, the scope of their authority, and how and when it is appropriate to engage outside expertise. Julie Allen, in her seminal work “Governing for Enterprise Security,” passionately articulated the importance of governance as applied to information security:“Governing for enterprise security means viewing adequate security as a non-negotiable requirement of being in business. If an organization’s management—including boards of directors, senior executives and all managers—does not establish and reinforce the business need for effective enterprise security, the organization’s desired state of security will not be articulated, achieved or sustained. To achieve a sustainable capability, organizations must make enterprise security the responsibility of leaders at a governance level, not of other organizational roles that lack the authority, accountability, and resources to act and enforce compliance. ”The Board of Directors (or organizational equivalent) is generally the authoritative policy-making body and responsible for overseeing the development, implementation, and maintenance of the information security program. The use of the term “oversee” is meant to convey the Board’s conventional supervisory role, leaving day-to-day responsibilities to management. Executive management should be tasked with providing support and resources for proper program development, administration, and maintenance as well as ensuring strategic alignment with organizational objectives. What Is a Distributed Governance Model?"
},
{
"docid": "D2694116#0",
"title": "http://ccs.mit.edu/papers/CCSWP192/ccswp192.html\n.",
"text": "\"THE STATE OF NETWORK ORGANIZATION: A SURVEY IN THREE FRAMEWORKSPlease forward comments to: Marshall Van Alstyne MIT Sloan School 50 Memorial Drive E53-308Cambridge, MA 02139 [email protected] (617) 253-2970Forthcoming in Journal of Organizational Computing (1997), 7 (3)ABSTRACTThis article reviews the literature on network organizations and interprets explanations for its behaviors in terms of established analytical principles. Tools from computer science, economics, and sociology give three markedly different interpretations of its core attributes but they also settle on a handful of common themes. The proposed benefits are a clarification of what it means for an organization to be network structured, a few insights into its origins, and a suggestion of where the boundaries to some of its different forms might lie. ACKNOWLEDGMENTSA helpful network of outstanding reviewers is responsible for many of the ideas appearing in this article. People who deserve special thanks for assistance on various drafts include Yaneer Bar-Yam, Erik Brynjolfsson, David Croson, Liz Davidson, Steve Freeman, Sharon Gillett, Tom Malone, Wanda Orlikowski, Omar Toulon, Chris Tucci, George Wyner, three anonymous reviewers and the guest editor Chee Ching. Any remaining errors are faults of the central processor. The MIT Center for Coordination Science and the MIT Industrial Performance Center provided generous financial support. Table of Contents Abstract Acknowledgments I. Introduction II. Characteristics of the Network Organization III. Network Organizations as Computers A. Process Flows, Resource Dependencies & Parallelism B. Processor Specialization versus Generalization C. Vulnerability & Tolerance to Processor Failure D. Communication Channels & Coordination Costs E. Distributed Knowledge, Sensing & Coherence F. Modularity IV."
},
{
"docid": "D3116208#0",
"title": "http://police.ucmerced.edu/about/department-policies/policy-207\nPolicy 207",
"text": "Policy 207Policy 207Incident Command System (ICS) / Standardized Emergency Management Systems (SEMS)207.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPEThe purpose of this policy is to ensure that the field operations of the UC Merced Departmentof Public Safety comport with the philosophy and standards of the Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS) and the use of the Incident Command System (ICS).207.2 STANDARDIZED EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (SEMS)The Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS) was established by the California Governor's Office of Emergency Services (OES) in coordination with otherstate agencies. The basic framework of SEMS incorporates the use of ICS, inter-agencycoordination and the State's Master Mutual Aid Agreement and mutual aid program.207.3 INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM (ICS)The SEMS regulation states that emergency response agencies operating at the fieldresponse level of an incident shall utilize ICS incorporating the functions, principles andcomponents of ICS. ICS can be applied to the following kinds of incidents: (a) Single jurisdictional responsibility with single agency involvement. ( b) Single jurisdictional responsibility with multiple agency involvement. ( c) Multiple jurisdictional responsibility with multiple agency involvement. ( d) ICS can also be used for managing planned events.207.4 KEY ICS PRINCIPLES (a) Flexibility - Flexibility includes the concepts that form follows function and that themost qualified person for the job (ICS position) should be selected for the positionwithout regard to rank. ( b) Chain-of-Command - The chain-of-command is an organized hierarchy of authority. ( c) Unity of Command - Unity of command means that everyone reports to one personand one person is in charge of each function. ( d) Span of Control - The optimum span of control ratio is 1:5, which is one supervisorto five subordinates. The span of control can range from a ratio of 1:3 to 1:7 whilemaintaining effective control. ("
},
{
"docid": "D1961655#0",
"title": "https://www.hr.com/hr/communities/human_resources_management/what_is_human_performance_technology__eng.html\nWhat Is Human Performance Technology?",
"text": "\"Print Forward Comments Currently 3.3/5 Stars. 1 2 3 4 53.3 from 70 votes What Is Human Performance Technology? Date: July 1 2005 Human Performance Technology (HPT) is a field of practice that has evolved largely as a result of the experience, reflection, and conceptualization of professional practitioners striving to improve human performance in the workplace. It is a relatively new field that has emerged from the coalescing of principles derived from the carefully documented practice of thoughtful behavioral and cognitive psychologists, instructional technologists, training designers, organizational developers, and various human resource specialists. HPT possesses a base of research and theory but, as a rapidly evolving professional field, its practice frequently outpaces its research and theoretical foundations. The major purpose of this chapter is to introduce HPT as a significant applied field whose aim is the achievement of valued human performance in the workplace. It presents the field as an evolving one actively seeking to define itself. It also positions HPT as a field with growing international impact. The chapter is divided into six sections. The first presents HPT as a term, exploring the meanings of the words that serve to identify it."
},
{
"docid": "D2326915#0",
"title": "http://pubs.opengroup.org/architecture/togaf9-doc/arch/chap41.html\n.",
"text": "\"You are here: TOGAF® 9.1 > Part V: Enterprise Continuum and Tools > Architecture Repository<<< Previous Home Next >>>41. Architecture Repository Chapter Contents41.1 Overview | 41.2 Architecture Landscape | 41.3 Reference Library | 41.4 Standards Information Base | 41.5 Governance Log | 41.6 The Enterprise Repository | 41.7 External Repositories41.1 Overview Operating a mature Architecture Capability within a large enterprise creates a huge volume of architectural output. Effective management and leverage of these architectural work products require a formal taxonomy for different types of architectural asset alongside dedicated processes and tools for architectural content storage. This section of TOGAF provides a structural framework for an Architecture Repository that allows an enterprise to distinguish between different types of architectural assets that exist at different levels of abstraction in the organization. This Architecture Repository is one part of the wider Enterprise Repository, which provides the capability to link architectural assets to components of the Detailed Design, Deployment, and Service Management Repositories. At a high level, six classes of architectural information are expected to be held within an Architecture Repository: The Architecture Metamodel describes the organizationally tailored application of an architecture framework, including a method for architecture development and a metamodel for architecture content. The Architecture Capability defines the parameters, structures, and processes that support governance of the Architecture Repository. The Architecture Landscape presents an architectural representation of assets in use, or planned, by the enterprise at particular points in time. The Standards Information Base captures the standards with which new architectures must comply, which may include industry standards, selected products and services from suppliers, or shared services already deployed within the organization. The Reference Library provides guidelines, templates, patterns, and other forms of reference material that can be leveraged in order to accelerate the creation of new architectures for the enterprise."
},
{
"docid": "D368446#0",
"title": "http://www.acq.osd.mil/dpap/ccap/cc/jcchb/HTML/chap_3.html\nChapter 3: Contingency Funding and Requirements Process",
"text": "\"Chapter 3: Contingency Funding and Requirements Process Table of Contents Key Points Introduction Fiscal Law Constraints Purchase Requests and Requirements Development Operational Contract Support-Related Boards Types of Funding Funding Procedures Additional References Table of Visuals Figure 3-1: JRRB Process Table 3-1: Contracting-Related Boards Table 3-2: How to Read a Fund Cite Key Points Appropriated funds are subject to three basic fiscal constraints: Time. Current fiscal year (FY) funds must be used for current needs. Purpose. Funds must be expended for the purpose established by Congress. Amount. The Antideficiency Act (ADA) prohibits obligating or spending money before it is appropriated, obligating or expending funds in excess of a specific appropriation, accepting voluntary services, and employing personal services in excess of authorized amounts. CCOs should consult with their finance office to understand the available types of funding for the respective contingency and to validate that the proper funding is used for the purpose. CCOs must understand the different types of funding—for example, military construction (MILCON), operations and maintenance (O&M), and research, development, test, and evaluation (RDT&E)—and the fiscal constraints of each. The customer is responsible for requirements generation, from definition through approval; however, CCOs should expect to advise and assist in the development of requirements (for example, by drafting outcome-based requirements). The commander, or a designee, is responsible for the validation and approval of requirements."
},
{
"docid": "D1580098#0",
"title": "http://strengtheningnonprofits.org/resources/e-learning/online/leadinganonprofit/Print.aspx\nLeading a Nonprofit Organization",
"text": "Leading a Nonprofit Organization Overview Welcome to the e-learning lesson on Leading a Nonprofit Organization. By the end of this lesson you will be able to recall the operational responsibilities of an executive director, recall various leadership styles, and apply knowledge of operational responsibilities and leadership strategies to successfully lead a nonprofit organization. No matter your title or role, there are plenty of opportunities while working at a nonprofit organization to serve as a leader. And whether you are directing a board, chairing a committee, managing a team, or coordinating a project, the goal is always the same — to lead effectively. Leading a nonprofit requires an understanding of the organizational structure as well as strong leadership skills. The structure of some nonprofits may mirror the corporate model, with a clearly defined chain of command. But many others, particularly smaller organizations, pursue their mission in a more unique fashion. Accordingly, this lesson will cover the operational responsibilities of the executive director as well as leadership strategies. The former provides practical tips and tools for the first-time executive, while the latter discusses leadership in broader terms — offering insight and activities to help anyone become a stronger leader. This lesson will provide you with the information necessary to successfully lead your nonprofit."
},
{
"docid": "D2415226#0",
"title": "https://technology.berkeley.edu/tpo/glossary\nPM Glossary",
"text": "\"Listed below are a set of commonly used project management terms. If you would like the Technology Program Office to make modifications to this list, please send your recommendations to [email protected]. A-E | F-L | M-S | T-ZAcceptance Criteria: those criteria, including performance requirements and essential conditions that must be met before the project deliverables are accepted. Activity: an action necessary to achieve a project task and is the smallest unit of project work. Assumptions: factors that, for project planning purposes, are considered to be true and do not require proof.\\Budget: the approved funding estimate for completing the full scope of project work described in the work breakdown structure. Business Case: a written document that describes the reasons for initiating a project; it also describes the resources, such as money, staff time, and equipment, that are required to achieve the specific business goals. Change Control: the process of identifying, documenting, approving or rejecting changes to the project plan. Communications Management Plan: a document that describes the communications needs for a project. It describes:how, when, and in what form project information will be distributedwho will receive the information and the kinds they will receive.who is responsible for preparing the information Constraint: a restriction which is either internal or external to the project that will restrict the performance of the project. For example, a fixed amount of money allotted for a project budget is a cost constraint, and a set date by which a project must be completed is a time constraint."
},
{
"docid": "D1073719#0",
"title": "https://www.imf.org/external/np/mae/pdebt/2000/eng/index.htm\n",
"text": "\"Guidelines for Public Debt Management -- Amended Amended on December 9, 2003 Amendments to the Guidelines for Public Debt Management November 25, 2003 Guidelines for Public Debt Management— Summary Guidelines for Public Debt Management: Accompanying Document Code of Good Practices on Transparency in Monetary and Financial Policies IMF Publications on public debt Guidelines for Public Debt Management Prepared by the Staffs of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank March 21, 2001 Ordering Information Use the free Adobe Acrobat Reader to view these PDF files. Arabic French Russian Spanish The full text is also available in PDF format (288k pdf)Contents What is Public Debt Management and Why is it Important? Purpose of the Guidelines Summary of the Debt Management Guidelines Discussion of the Guidelines Debt Management Objectives and Coordination Transparency and Accountability Institutional Framework Debt Management Strategy Risk Management Framework Development and Maintenance of an Efficient Market for Government Securities Boxes Risks Encountered in Sovereign Debt Management Some Pitfalls in Debt Management Asset and Liability Management Overview of Indicators of External Vulnerability Relevant Conditions for Developing an Efficient Government Securities Market I. What is Public Debt Management and Why is it Important?1. Sovereign debt management is the process of establishing and executing a strategy for managing the government's debt in order to raise the required amount of funding, achieve its risk and cost objectives, and to meet any other sovereign debt management goals the government may have set, such as developing and maintaining an efficient market for government securities.2. In a broader macroeconomic context for public policy, governments should seek to ensure that both the level and rate of growth in their public debt is fundamentally sustainable, and can be serviced under a wide range of circumstances while meeting cost and risk objectives. Sovereign debt managers share fiscal and monetary policy advisors' concerns that public sector indebtedness remains on a sustainable path and that a credible strategy is in place to reduce excessive levels of debt. Debt managers should ensure that the fiscal authorities are aware of the impact of government financing requirements and debt levels on borrowing costs. 1 Examples of indicators that address the issue of debt sustainability include the public sector debt service ratio, and ratios of public debt to GDP and to tax revenue.3. Poorly structured debt in terms of maturity, currency, or interest rate composition and large and unfunded contingent liabilities have been important factors in inducing or propagating economic crises in many countries throughout history. For example, irrespective of the exchange rate regime, or whether domestic or foreign currency debt is involved, crises have often arisen because of an excessive focus by governments on possible cost savings associated with large volumes of short-term or floating rate debt."
},
{
"docid": "D1498551#0",
"title": "https://www.mitre.org/publications/systems-engineering-guide/se-lifecycle-building-blocks/concept-development/operational-requirements\nOperational Requirements",
"text": "\"Operational Requirements Print Definition: Operational requirements are those statements that \"\"identify the essential capabilities, associated requirements, performance measures, and the process or series of actions to be taken in effecting the results that are desired in order to address mission area deficiencies, evolving applications or threats, emerging technologies, or system cost improvements [1].\"\" The operational requirements assessment starts with the Concept of Operations (CONOPS) and goes to a greater level of detail in identifying mission performance assumptions and constraints and current deficiencies of or enhancements needed for operations and mission success. Operational requirements are the basis for system requirements. Keywords: concept definition, concept development, operational requirements, requirements attributes, stakeholders, user needs, user requirements, users MITRE SE Roles and Expectations: MITRE systems engineers (SEs) are expected to be able to understand the users' needs based on the operational needs assessment (i.e., what mission area capability gaps need to be addressed). They must be able to analyze the needs identified by the capability gaps and develop or assist in defining the operational and top-level characteristics or requirements of the system. They also should use the concept of operations (CONOPS) to understand the operational needs, desires, visions, expectations, performance requirements, and challenges of the system. MITRE SEs, together with the users, developers, and integrators, help define the system operational requirements, ensuring that the requirements map to the operational needs assessment and CONOPS. They work closely with the users to define and develop operational requirements that are reasonable and testable. MITRE SEs are expected to be able to lay out an evolutionary strategy for the requirements that identify and prioritize initial capabilities and subsequent capability increments to be implemented over time. This approach allows for rapid delivery of initial capabilities and enables agility in delivering future capabilities that are responsive to changes in the operational environment. MITRE SEs are responsible for identifying and assessing conditions, constraints, conflicting requirements, and organizational issues, including safety and security factors, and reaching a resolution."
}
] |
8744 | _____ refers to the properties of a person that determine his or her classification as male or female. | [
{
"docid": "D1017868#0",
"title": "https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/gender-and-sexuality-15/introduction-to-gender-and-sexuality-75/defining-sex-gender-and-sexuality-294-12829/\nIntroduction to Gender and Sexuality",
"text": "Defining Sex, Gender, and Sexuality Sex refers to biological characteristics, while gender is socially determined based on those characteristics. Learning Objectives Differentiate among sex, gender, and sexuality Key Takeaways Key Points A person’s sex, as determined by their biology, does not always correspond with their gender. Therefore, the terms “sex” and “gender” are not interchangeable. “Sex” refers to physical or physiological differences between male, female, and intersex bodies, including both primary sex characteristics (the reproductive system) and secondary sex characteristics (such as breasts and facial hair).“Gender” is a term that refers to social or cultural distinctions associated with a given sex; it is generally considered to be a socially constructed concept. Gender identity is the extent to which one identifies with their sex assigned at birth. In many Western cultures, individuals who identify with a role that is different from their biological sex are called transgender. “Human sexuality ” refers to people’s sexual interest in and attraction to others, as well as their capacity to have erotic experiences and responses. Key Termssex: The distinguishing property, quality, or assemblage of properties by which organisms are classified as female, male, or intersex on the basis of their reproductive organs and functions.gender: The sociocultural phenomenon of the division of people into various categories according to their biological sex, with each having associated roles, clothing, stereotypes, etc. ; those with male sex characteristics are perceived as “boys” and “men,” while those with female sex characteristics are perceived as “girls” and “women. ”intersex: A variation in sex characteristics including chromosomes, gonads, or genitals that do not allow an individual to be distinctly identified as male or female.sexuality: People’s sexual interest in and attraction to others; their capacity to have erotic experiences and responses.gonad: The sex organs that produce gametes; specifically, the testicles or ovaries."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D885404#0",
"title": "https://www.ukessays.com/essays/sociology/examining-the-concept-of-feminist-jurisprudence-sociology-essay.php\nExamining The Concept Of Feminist Jurisprudence Sociology Essay",
"text": "\"Examining The Concept Of Feminist Jurisprudence Sociology Essay Print Reference this Published: 23rd March, 2015Disclaimer: This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UK Essays. To what extent is feminism a coherent and distinctive approach to legal theory? Feminist jurisprudence is a broad church and reflects different strands of feminist thought but the unifying theme is that society and in particular, the legal system is patriarchal. Thus, feminist legal theorists have maintained their quest for a specifically feminist jurisprudence, aiming to make moral and legal philosophy more receptive to women. The dichotomy between the public and private is very much at the core of feminist legal theory. Notwithstanding the gains in formal equality and legal access to the public realm, feminists have argued that women remain subordinate to men. Catharine Mackinnon, a leading scholar in feminist jurisprudence, claims that the foundations on which jurisprudence lie are profoundly instilled with a masculine perspective, and women are denied full involvement in society. In contrast, there have been competing claims by Carol Gilligan that women are not necessarily considered inferior to men, but instead they simply reason differently."
},
{
"docid": "D1726854#0",
"title": "http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/hindusuccessionact/hindusuccessionact.html\nThe Hindu Succession Act 1956",
"text": "Page Contents [ hide]The Hindu Succession Act 1956Chapter I – Preliminary1. Short title and extent.-2. Application of Act.-3. Definitions and interpretations.-4. Over-riding effect of Act.-Chapter II – Intestate Succession5. Act not to apply to certain properties.-6. Devolution of interest of coparcenary property.-7. Devolution of interest in the property of a tarwad, tavazhi, kutumba, kavaru or illom. – 8. General rules of succession in the case of males.-9."
},
{
"docid": "D2613069#0",
"title": "http://singwise.com/cgi-bin/main.pl?section=articles&doc=UnderstandingVocalRangeRegistersAndType\nUnderstanding Vocal Range, Vocal Registers and Voice Type - A Glossary of Vocal Terms",
"text": "\"Check out Karyn's channel for more informative, practical content!Understanding Vocal Range, Vocal Registers and Voice Type - A Glossary of Vocal Terms There seems to be a lot of confusion amongst singers, especially those who are not trained or have no musical background, with regards to certain vocal terminology. For this reason, I have created a glossary of terms to help singers better understand the basic concepts of vocal range, vocal registers and voice type. A companion to this article, How To Determine Singing Range and Vocal Fach (Voice Type), provides additional practical information on several of the topics discussed more briefly in this article. Vocal Range In its broadest sense, the term vocal range refers to the full spectrum of notes that a singer's voice is able to produce, starting from the bottommost note and reaching to the uppermost note. In other words, range refers to the distance between the highest and lowest pitches that a singer is able to sing. This extreme range of the individual's voice, consisting of all non-utilizable, utterable but nondescript vocal sounds, measured from the lowest grunt to the highest obtainable vocal squeak may also be called ' vocable compass '. An untrained singer typically has a more limited range than a well-trained singer, who has learned how to gain access to more notes through correct technique and through regularly exercising and using the vocal instrument for singing tasks. Every instrument has its own unique range capabilities, as well, with some voices being able to develop more extensive ranges than others. In opera or solo classical music, often only the parts of the range that are considered musically useful are counted as part of the range. ' Usefulness' with regards to range in classical style singing is defined by consistency of timbre and the ability to 'project' the pitches effectively."
},
{
"docid": "D541561#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender\nGender",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For the grammatical concept, see Grammatical gender. For other uses, see Gender (disambiguation). Gender symbols intertwined. The red (left) is the female Venus symbol. The blue (right) represents the male Mars symbol. Gender is the range of characteristics pertaining to, and differentiating between, masculinity and femininity. Depending on the context, these characteristics may include biological sex (i.e., the state of being male, female, or an intersex variation), sex-based social structures (i.e., gender roles ), or gender identity. [ 1] [2] [3] People who do not identify as men or women or with masculine or feminine gender pronouns are often grouped under the umbrella terms non-binary or genderqueer. Some cultures have specific gender roles that are distinct from \"\"man\"\" and \"\"woman,\"\" such as the hijras of South Asia. These are often referred to as third genders."
},
{
"docid": "D1643436#0",
"title": "http://www.jrily.com/genealogy/aqwn62.htm\nNotes",
"text": "\"Thomas B. Goodson has not been fully verified as Richard Thomas Goodson's father, however, all available evidence indicates that he was. NOTE: Additional and very strong evidence - Annie Mae Goodson Roberson has a cemetery record book of Howard Co., AR. Handwritten above the name 'James K. Polk Goodson' is a note 'brother of Richard T.' There was a memorial service honoring confederate soldiers and James' grandson or great-grandson was there to represent James. Annie Mae has the clipping from this event. Apparently it was during this event that the notation about Richard T. was made, but it is uncertain has to how that information was obtained. When this information was presented to me, a 'James P. Goodson' was listed and included in this database as Richard Thomas Goodson's brother. NOTE: Additional and very strong evidence - On March 17, 2003, during research at Howard County Courthouse, Terri Chambers, daughter of Doug Goodson (son of Tom Louis Goodson, a brother of Henry Balis Goodson) called her father to ask some questions, one being the name of his great-grandfather. He promptly replied 'Thomas.' Though he did not learn this just recently, it is still unceratin as to how he first learned this. -------------------------------------------------------- Robert L. Duncan and John Wynn served as adminstrators with Mary Goodson for Thomas B. Goodson's estate."
},
{
"docid": "D230345#0",
"title": "http://www3.gettysburg.edu/~tshannon/hist106web/Slave%20Communities/atlantic_world/gender.htm\n.",
"text": "\"\"\"Am I not a woman and a sister? \"\" Understanding the role the women played in the slave trade and community is important to offer a new dynamic to the study of slave culture in general. Not only were slave women subordinate because of race but they also shared the trials of the oppression of the female gender. Women slaves played a key role in the development of slave communities through the development of African Sexuality, Family Structure and Economic Productivity. It is therefore infinitely important that we must understand the slave trade from a female perspective to understand the development of these slave communities. \"\" Sable Beauties and Ebony Queens\"\"The African female was ascribed not only economic responsibilities when purchased as a slave. Often sexual duties and childbearing were of primary importance to the plantocracy and white men were inexplicably drawn to the ‘exotic charms’ of African womanhood. Throughout the slave trade, black women often were represented and observed through the sexually repressed European perspective that viewed them as immoral and promiscuous. Many viewed black female’s lack of modesty as a sign of their impaired moral nature and increased sex drive. The view of the African female as a manipulating temptress thus emerged and it was believed that she used it to her advantage to achieve favors and obtain prestige."
},
{
"docid": "D3444180#0",
"title": "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Sex+terms\nsex",
"text": "\"sex (redirected from Sex terms) Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Encyclopedia .sex (sĕks)n.1.a. Sexual activity, especially sexual intercourse: hasn't had sex in months.b. The sexual urge or instinct as it manifests itself in behavior: motivated by sex.2.a. Either of the two divisions, designated female and male, by which most organismsare classified on the basis of their reproductive organs and functions: How do youdetermine the sex of a lobster?b. The fact or condition of existing in these two divisions, especially the collection of characteristics that distinguish female and male: the evolution of sex in plants; a studythat takes sex into account. See Usage Note at gender.3. Females or males considered as a group: dormitories that house only one sex.4. One's identity as either female or male.5. The genitals.tr.v. sexed, sex·ing, sex·es1."
},
{
"docid": "D2388788#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middlesex_(novel)\nMiddlesex (novel)",
"text": "\"Middlesex (novel)From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Middlesex First US edition Author Jeffrey Eugenides Country United States Language English Genre family saga Publisher Farrar, Straus and Giroux Publication date September 4, 2002Media type Print ( Paperback and Hardback) and audio-CDPages 544ISBN 0-374-19969-8OCLC 48951262Dewey Decimal 813/.54 21LC Class PS3555. U4 M53 2002Middlesex is a Pulitzer Prize -winning novel by Jeffrey Eugenides published in 2002. The book is a bestseller, with more than four million copies sold since its publication. Its characters and events are loosely based on aspects of Eugenides' life and observations of his Greek heritage. It is not an autobiography; unlike the protagonist, Eugenides is not intersex. The author decided to write Middlesex after he read the 1980 memoir Herculine Barbin and was dissatisfied with its discussion of intersex anatomy and emotions. Primarily a coming-of-age story ( Bildungsroman) and family saga, the novel chronicles the effect of a mutated gene on three generations of a Greek family, causing momentous changes in the protagonist's life. According to scholars, the novel's main themes are nature versus nurture, rebirth, and the differing experiences of what society constructs as polar opposites—such as those found between men and women. It discusses the pursuit of the American Dream and explores gender identity. The novel contains many allusions to Greek mythology, including creatures such as the Minotaur, half-man and half-bull, and the Chimera, a monster composed of various animal parts."
},
{
"docid": "D3334217#0",
"title": "http://uregina.ca/~gingrich/o28f99.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Sociology 250October 28, 1999Feminism and Classical Sociology A. Introduction Each of the three classical sociological approaches that we have studied – Marx, Weber, and Durkheim – provide analyses and models which capture many elements of the social world. They identify features of society and methods of study that yield gr eat insight into how people interact with each other and how society is structured and develops. Their models were developed in nineteenth and early twentieth century Europe, and were based primarily on their study of European society and European thought . Their observations provide excellent descriptions of the modern period that developed in Europe and yield many ideas that can be applied to the contemporary world. While it is difficult to know whether Marx, Weber, and Durkheim considered their approaches universal in the sense of developing an understanding and analysis of all societies at all times, there are reasons to think that they did consider their approa ch universal. They wrote in a Europe that dominated much of the rest of the world politically and economically, and the authors of European social thought of this period generally considered their analyses universal. These classical sociologists placed no qualifications or limits on their analysis, but wrote in general and universal terms, developing concepts and methods that could be applied in any situation. They studied many topics, societies, and times, with each having a theory of history and society as a whole. The universal nature of their analysis is also shown by the many applications of this analysis in different situations, countries, and over time. Certainly the followers of each of the three classical sociologists consider their analyses to b e useful in analyzing issues and situations in today’s contemporary world."
},
{
"docid": "D320324#0",
"title": "http://anthro.palomar.edu/tutorials/cglossary.htm\n- A -",
"text": "\"avunculocal residencethe residence pattern in which a newly married couple moves in with or near the groom's maternal uncle's house. This is strongly associated with matrilineal descent and occurs when men obtain statuses, jobs, or prerogatives from their nearest elder matrilineal male relative. Back to Top- B -balanced reciprocityan economic exchange in which there is an explicit expectation of immediate return. Simple barter or supermarket purchases involve this understanding. See reciprocity.bandthe level of political integration in which a society consists only of an association of families living together. Bands are loosely allied by marriage, descent, friendship, and common interest. The primary integrating mechanism is kinship ties. There is no economic class differentiation. All adults of the same gender are more or less equal as far as community decision making is concerned. However, some individuals in a band may stand out for their skills and knowledge."
},
{
"docid": "D1314100#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersex\nIntersex",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Intersex topics Human rights and legal issues Compulsory sterilization Discrimination Human rightsreports Legal recognition Malta declaration Medical interventions Sex assignment Sex characteristics (legal term)Yogyakarta Principles Medicine and biology Disorders of sex development Genetic diagnosis Hermaphrodite Medical interventionshistory Orchidometer Phall-O-Meter Prader scale Quigley scale Sexual differentiation more... Society and culture Civil society organizations Fictional characters Films Flag Intersex and LGBT Literature People Religion Researchers Sex verification in sports Television History and events Historyof surgery timeline Intersex Awareness Day Intersex Day of Remembrance International Intersex Forum Rights by country Argentina Australia Chile China Colombia France Germany India Kenya Malta Mexico Nepal New Zealand South Africa Switzerland Uganda United Kingdom United States See also Children's rights Disabilityrights Gender LGBTAndrogyny Non-binary Non-binary recognition Queer theory Third gender Transgender Medical ethics Rights Sex Sex differencesv t e Participants at the third International Intersex Forum, Malta, in December 2013Intersex people are born with any of several variations in sex characteristics including chromosomes, gonads, sex hormones, or genitals that, according to the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, \"\"do not fit the typical definitions for male or female bodies\"\". [ 1] [2] Such variations may involve genital ambiguity, and combinations of chromosomal genotype and sexual phenotype other than XY-male and XX-female. [ 3] [4]Intersex people were previously referred to as hermaphrodites, \"\"congenital eunuchs\"\", [5] [6] or congenitally \"\"frigid\"\". [ 7] Such terms have fallen out of favor; in particular, the term \"\"hermaphrodite\"\" is considered to be misleading, stigmatizing, and scientifically specious. [ 8] Medical description of intersex traits as disorders of sex development has been controversial [9] [10] [11] since the label was introduced in 2006. [ 12]Intersex people may face stigmatization and discrimination from birth or discovery of an intersex trait. This may include infanticide, abandonment and the stigmatization of families. [ 13] [14] [15] Globally, some intersex infants and children, such as those with ambiguous outer genitalia, are surgically or hormonally altered to create more socially acceptable sex characteristics. However, this is considered controversial, with no firm evidence of good outcomes. [ 16] Such treatments may involve sterilization."
},
{
"docid": "D2239880#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_range\nVocal range",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about voice categories in classical music. For range of human vocal tones, see Voice classification in non-classical music. Vocal range is the measure of the breadth of pitches that a human voice can phonate. Its most common application is within the context of singing, where it is used as a defining characteristic for classifying singing voices into groups known as voice types. [ 1] It is also a topic of study within linguistics, phonetics, and speech and language pathology, particularly in relation to the study of tonal languages and certain types of vocal disorders, although it has little practical application in terms of speech. Contents [ hide ]1 Singing and the definition of vocal range2 Vocal range and voice classification3 See also4 References5 External links Singing and the definition of vocal range [ edit]While the broadest definition of \"\"vocal range\"\" is simply the span from the lowest to the highest note a particular voice can produce, this broad definition is often not what is meant when \"\"vocal range\"\" is discussed in the context of singing. Vocal pedagogists tend to define the vocal range as the total span of \"\"musically useful\"\" pitches that a singer can produce. This is because some of the notes a voice can produce may not be considered usable by the singer within performance for various reasons. [ 2] For example, within opera all singers must project over an orchestra without the aid of a microphone. An opera singer would therefore only be able to include the notes that they are able to adequately project over an orchestra within his or her vocal range."
},
{
"docid": "D2003915#0",
"title": "http://www.translationdirectory.com/glossaries/glossary310.php\n.",
"text": "\"Opera Terminology Glossary By Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category: Opera_terminology Become a member of Translation Directory.com at just $8 per month (paid per year)Advertisements: Use the search bar to look for terms in all glossaries, dictionaries, articles and other resources simultaneously A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | ZAAcoustic enhancement Acoustic enhancement is a subtle type of sound reinforcement system used to augment direct, reflected, or reverberant sound. While sound reinforcement systems are usually used to increase the sound level of the sound source (like a person speaking into a microphone, or musical instruments in a pop ensemble), acoustic enhancement systems are typically used to increase the acoustic energy in the venue. These systems are often associated with acoustic sound sources like a chamber orchestra, symphony orchestra, or opera, but have also found acceptance in a variety of applications and venues that include rehearsal rooms, recording facilities conference rooms, sound stages, sports arenas, and outdoor venues. Aria An aria (Italian for air; plural: arie or arias in common usage) in music was originally any expressive melody, usually, but not always, performed by a singer. The term is now used almost exclusively to describe a self-contained piece for one voice usually with orchestral accompaniment. Perhaps the most common context for arias is opera, although there are many arias that form movements of oratorios and cantatas. Composers also wrote concert arias, which are not part of any larger work, such as \"\"Ah perfido\"\" by Beethoven, and a number of concert arias by Mozart, such as \"\"Conservati fedele\"\". The aria first appeared in the 14th century when it signified a manner or style of singing or playing. Aria could also mean a melodic scheme (motif) or pattern for singing a poetic pattern, such as a sonnet. It was also attached to instrumental music, though this is no longer the case."
},
{
"docid": "D3413591#0",
"title": "http://singwise.com/cgi-bin/main.pl?section=articles&doc=DeterminingVocalFach\nHow to Determine Singing Range and Vocal Fach (Voice Type) (Page 1 of 2)",
"text": "Check out Karyn's channel for more informative, practical content!How to Determine Singing Range and Vocal Fach (Voice Type) (Page 1 of 2)Many singers who e-mail me have questions about how they should go about classifying their voices. They are curious to know whether they are altos or sopranos, baritones or tenors, and they want to know what they should expect of their voices after gathering more information about them. This article presents a basic guide to (self) vocal classification. More information about the common voice types and about voice classification can be found in Understanding Vocal Range, Vocal Registers and Voice Type. A few words of caution: It is never wise to make a quick classification of any given singing voice. ( Sometimes singers are in a hurry to label voices because they want to understand their voices better or because they are anxious to begin singing suitable repertoire.) The development of good vocal habits are essential to correct classification, and if a singer is lacking in certain critical technical abilities, it may be easy to incorrectly categorize that voice. Singers should take the time to gain solid technical skills within a limited and comfortable range of pitches before attempting to push the voice to its extremes (either high or low). Once the basics of good technique have become established in this comfortable area, the true quality of the voice will emerge, and the upper and lower limits of the range can then be explored safely. Furthermore, it is imperative that voice classification not be made until the voice has reached a certain level of maturation."
},
{
"docid": "D3070450#0",
"title": "http://npic.orst.edu/factsheets/archive/DEETtech.html\nDEET",
"text": "\"Chemical Class and Type Physical / Chemical Properties Uses Mode of Action Toxicity Classification Acute Toxicity Chronic Toxicity Endocrine Disruption Carcinogenicity Reproductive and Teratogenic Effects Fate in the Body Medical Tests and Monitoring Environmental Fate Ecotoxicity Studies Regulatory Guidelines Molecular Structure - DEETLaboratory Testing: Before pesticides are registered by the U. S. EPA, they must undergo laboratory testing for short-term (acute) and long-term (chronic) health effects. Laboratory animals are purposely given high enough doses to cause toxic effects. These tests help scientists judge how these chemicals might affect humans, domestic animals, and wildlife in cases of overexposure. Chemical Class and Type: DEET is an insect and acarid repellent. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) name for DEET is N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide and other isomers, and it is a member of the N,N-dialkylamide family of chemicals. The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry number for DEET is 134-62-3. 1DEET was developed by the U. S. Army in 1946 for protection of military personnel in insect-infested areas. DEET was registered in the United States for use by the general public in 1957, and has been commercially marketed as a personal insect repellent since 1965. A Registration Standard was established for DEET by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA) in 1980. DEET was reregistered in 1998 following a review of the Registration Standard and additional animal and avian toxicity data from a Data Call-In (DCI) in 1988."
},
{
"docid": "D2438855#0",
"title": "http://www.menstuff.org/issues/byissue/intersex.html\nIntersex",
"text": "\"Intersex Menstuff® has compiled the following information on Intersex. A medical definition of intersexuality which is applied to human beings is \"\"conditions in which chromosomal sex is inconsistent with phenotypic sex, or in which the phenotype is not classifiable as either male or female\"\". Applying this precise definition, the true prevalence of intersex is seen to be about 0.018%3:21Girl Is Born With No Private Parts Rare Condition - One in 5,000What is intersex? Hermaphrodite What Intersex is not The prevalence of intersex depends on which definition is used“I Want to Be Like Nature Made Me” Medically Unnecessary Surgeries on Intersex Children in the US July 25, 2017 - 160 page PDF Malta Becomes First Country to Ban Intersex Genital Cutting Tennis Controversy: Female Player (with Male Past)Alice, from Holland, has Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS)Going beyond X and Y (Scientific American)Statistics of intersex frequency Notable intersex people Parents sue South Carolina for surgically making child female Assigned to be a girl, but identifying as a boy Intersex and Christian Theology Talking About Transgender People & Restrooms - A 13 page pdf I mages and Charts: One | Two | Three | Four | Five Resources Bookmarks LGBT & Gender Non-Conforming (GNC) Girls Face in the Crimin L Justicer System Bisexuality in America Transgender in America What is intersex? Technically, intersex is defined as \"\"congenital anomaly of the reproductive and sexual system.\"\" Intersex people are born with external genitalia, internal reproductive organs, and/or endocrine system that are different from most other people. About 1 in 1,500 to one in 2,000 babies are born visibly intersexed. But a lot more people than that are born with subtler forms of sex anatomy variations, some of which won’t show up until later in life. Just one of hundreds of varients. The current medical protocol calls for the surgical \"\"reconstruction\"\" of these different but healthy bodies to make them \"\"normal,\"\" but this practice has become increasingly controversial as adults who went through the treatment report being physically, emotionally, and sexually harmed by such procedures."
},
{
"docid": "D2352882#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/560577/anthropology-terms-flash-cards/\nAnthropology Terms",
"text": "247 terms zachwilks Anthropology Terms Anthropology terms. Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Adaptation processes by which organisms cope with environmental forces and stresses, such as those posed by climate Anthropology the study of the human species and its immediate ancestors Applied Anthropology the application of anthropoligical data, perspectives, theory, and methods to identity, assess, and solve contemporary social problems Archaelogical Anthropology reconstructs, describes, and interprets human behavior and cultural patterns through material remains Biocultural the inclusion and combination of both bilogical and cultural perspectives and approaches to comment on or solve a particular issue or problem Biological Anthropology human biological diversity in time and space Cultural Anthropology the study of human society and culture, the subfield that describes, analyzes, interprets, and explains social and cultural similarities and differences Cultural Resource Management decides what sites need saving, and to preserve significant information about the past when sites cannot be saved Culture traditions and customs, transmitted through learning, that form and guide the beliefs and behavior of the people exposed to them Ethnography provides an account of a particular community, society, or culture Ethnology examines, interprets, analyzes, and compares the results of ethnography Food production the cultivation of plants and domestication of animals General Anthropology the academic discipline of anthropology, which includes the subfields sociocultural, archaelogical, biological, and linguistic anthropology Holism refers to the study of the whole of the human condition: past, present, and future; biology, society, language, and culture Linguistic Anthropology studies language in its social and cultural context, across space and over time Natural Selection the process by which the forms most fit to survive and reproduce in a given environment do so in greater numbers than others in the same population do Phenotype refers to an organism's evident traits Racial Classification the attempt to assign humans to discrete categories based on common ancestry Science a systematic field of study or body of knowledge that aims, through experiment, oberservation, and deduction, to produce reliable explanations of phenomena, with reference to the material and physical world Sociolinguistics investigates relationships between social and linguistic variation Tropics a belt extending about 23 degrees north and south of the equator, between the Tropic of Cancer, and the Tropic of Capricorn Complex Societies large and populous societies with social stratification and central governments Cultural Consultant refers to individuals the ethnographer gets to know in the field, the people who teach him or her about their culture, who provide the emic perspective Emic Approach investigates how local people think Etic Approach shifts the focus from local observations, categories, explanations, and interpretations to those of the anthropologist Genealogical Method a well-established ethnographic technique Informed Consent the agreement to take part in research, after having been so informed Interview Schedule when an ethnographer talks face to face with people, asks the questions, and writes down the answers Key Cultural Consultants people who, by accident, experience, talent, or training, can provide the most complete or useful information about particular aspects of life Life History a recollection of a lifetime of experiences Longitudinal Research the long-term study of a community, region, society, culture, or other unit, usually based on repeated visits Participant Observation taking part in the events one is observing, describing, and analysing Random Sample a survey type in which all members of the population have an equal statistical chance of being chosen for inclusion Sample a manageable study group Survey Research involves sampling, impersonal data collection, and statistical analysis Variables attributes that vary among members of a sample or population Acculturation the exchange of cultural features that results when groups have continuous firsthand contact Core Values key, basic, central values Cultural Relativism the viewpoint that behavior in one culture should not be judged by the standards of another culture Cultural Rights include a group's ability to preserve its culture, to raise its children in the ways of its forebears, to continue its language, and not to be deprived of its economic base by the nation in which it's located Diffusion borrowing of traits between cultures Enculturation the process by which a child learns his or her culture Ethnocentrism the tendancy to view one's own culture as superior and to apply one's own cultural values in judging the behavior and beliefs of people raised in other cultures Generalities features that are common to sevaral but not all human groups Globalization encompasses a series of processes, including diffusion, migration, and acculturation, working to promote change in a world in which nations and people are increasingly and mutuall dependent Human Rights include the right to speak freely, to hold religious beliefs without persecution, and not to be murdered, injured , or enslaved or imprisoned without charge Independent Invention the process by which humans innovate, creatively finding solutions to problems Intellectual Property Rights concept that says that a particular group may determine how indigenous knowledge and its products may be used and distributed and the level of compensation required International Culture a level of culture that extends beyond and across national boundaries National Culture a level of culture that embodies those beliefs, learned behavior patterns, values, and institutions that are shared by citizens of the same nation Particularities features that are unique to certain cultural traditions Subcultures different symbol-based patterns and traditions associated with particular groups in the same complex society Symbols signs that have no necessary or natural connection to the things they stand for, or signify Universal features that are found in every culture Black English Vernacular the relatively uniform dialect spoken by the majority of black youth in most parts of the US today Call Systems the natural communication systems of other primates Daughter Languages languages that descend from the same parent language and that have been changing separately for hundreds or thousands of years Descriptive Linguistics scientific study of a spoken language Diglossia applies to high and low variants of the same language Displacement the ability to talk about things that are not present Focal Vocabulary specialized sets of terms and distinctions that are particularly important to certain groups Historical Linguistics the longer-term change of contemporary variation in speech Kinesics the study of communication through body movements, stances, gestures, and facial expressions Lexicon a dictionary containing all its morphemes and their meanings Morphology studies the forms in which sounds combine to form morphemes - words and their meaningful parts Phoneme a sound contrast that makes a difference Phonemics studies the significant sound contrasts of a given language Phonetics the study of speech sounds in general Phonology the study of speech sounds Linguistic Productivity to use the rules of a language to produce entirely new expressions that are comprehensible to other native speakers Protolanguage the original language from which a daughter language diverges Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis states that different languages produce different ways of thinking Semantics a language's meaning system Sociolinguistics investigates relationships between social and linguistic variation Style Shifts when speech is varied in different contexts Subgroups Languages within a taxonomy of related languages that are most closely related Syntax the arrangement and order of words in phrases in sentences Domestic-Public Dichotomy a strong differentation between the home and the outside world Extradomestic outside the home; within or pertaining to the public domain Gender Roles the tasks and activities a culture assigns to the sexes Gender Stereotypes oversimplified but strongly held ideas about the characteristics of males and females Gender Stratification describes an unequal distribution of rewards between men and women, reflecting their different positions in a social hierarchy Patriarchy a political system rules by men in which women have inferior social and political status, including basic human rights Patrilineal-Patrilocal Complex consisting of patrilineality, patrilocality, warfare, and male supremacy Sexual Dimorphism refers to differences in male and female biology besides the contrasts in breasts and genitals Sexual Orientation refers to a person's habitual sexual attraction to, and sexual activities with, persons of the opposite sex (heterosexuality), the same sex (homosexuality), or a lack of attraction to either sex (asexuality)Assimilation describes the process of change that a minority ethnic group may experience when it moves to a country where another culture dominates Cultural Colonialism refers to internal domination by one group and its culture or ideology over others Descent to assign social identity on the basis of ancestry Discrimination refers to policies and practices that harm a group and its members Ethnic Group a group that shares certain beliefs, values, habits, customs, and norms because of their common background Ethnicity identification with, and feeling part of, an ethnic group and exclusion from certain other's groups because of this affliation Ethnocide when a dominant group tries to destroy the cultures of ce"
},
{
"docid": "D1147034#0",
"title": "http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/indianpenalcode/indianpenalcode.html\nIndian Penal Code (IPC) 1860",
"text": "Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860Page Contents Title and extant of operation of the Code Section 2. Punishment of offences committed within India Section 3. Punishment of offences committed beyond, but which by law may be tried within, India4. Extension of Code to extra-territorial offences5. Certain laws not to be affected by this Act6. Definitions in the Code to be understood subject to exceptions7. Sense of expression once explained8. Gender9. Number10. Man, Woman11."
},
{
"docid": "D774010#0",
"title": "https://www.livescience.com/53318-anaconda-facts.html\nAnaconda Facts",
"text": "\"Live Science Animals Reference: Anaconda Facts By Jessie Szalay, Live Science Contributor | January 8, 2016 09:39pm ETMOREThe maximum verified length of an anaconda is 30 feet (9 m), but on average they grow to around 15 feet (4.5 m) for females, and around 9 feet (2.7 m) for males. Credit: José Maria Fernández Díaz-Formentí. Anacondas are semiaquatic snakes found in tropical South America. They are some of the largest snakes in the world and are known for their swimming ability. “ Anaconda” is the common name for the genus Eunectes, a genus of boa. Eunectes means “good swimmer” in Greek. There are four recognized species of anaconda, according to Bill Heyborne, a herpetologist and professor of biology at Southern Utah University. They are the green anaconda, the yellow or Paraguayan anaconda, the dark-spotted anaconda and the Beni or Bolivian anaconda. “ They can be differentiated from one another genetically, but also based on their size and geographic range,” Heyborne said. Heyborne said that when most people say “anaconda,” they are actually referring to the green anaconda, the largest of the four species."
},
{
"docid": "D295477#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_chromosome\nX chromosome",
"text": "\"X chromosome From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Human X chromosome Human X chromosome (after G-banding)X chromosome in human male karyogram Features Length ( bp) 156,040,895 bp ( GRCh38) [1]No. of genes 804 ( CCDS) [2]Type Allosome Centromere position Submetacentric [3] (61.0 Mbp [4])Complete gene lists CCDS Gene list HGNC Gene list Uni Prot Gene list NCBI Gene list External map viewers Ensembl Chromosome XEntrez Chromosome XNCBI Chromosome XUCSC Chromosome XFull DNA sequences Ref Seq NC_000023 ( FASTA)Gen Bank CM000685 ( FASTA)The X chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes ( allosomes) in many organisms, including mammals (the other is the Y chromosome ), and is found in both males and females. It is a part of the XY sex-determination system and X0 sex-determination system. The X chromosome was named for its unique properties by early researchers, which resulted in the naming of its counterpart Y chromosome, for the next letter in the alphabet, after it was discovered later. [ 5]Contents [ hide ]1 Discovery2 Inheritance pattern3 Humans3.1 Function3.2 Genes3.3 Number of genes3.4 Gene list3.5 Structure3.6 Role in diseases3.6.1 Numerical abnormalities3.6.2 Other disorders3.6.3 Role in mental abilities and intelligence3.7 Cytogenetic band4 See also5 References6 External links Discovery [ edit]It was first noted that the X chromosome was special in 1890 by Hermann Henking in Leipzig. Henking was studying the testicles of Pyrrhocoris and noticed that one chromosome did not take part in meiosis. Chromosomes are so named because of their ability to take up staining. Although the X chromosome could be stained just as well as the others, Henking was unsure whether it was a different class of object and consequently named it X element, [6] which later became X chromosome after it was established that it was indeed a chromosome. [ 7]The idea that the X chromosome was named after its similarity to the letter \"\"X\"\" is mistaken. All chromosomes normally appear as an amorphous blob under the microscope and only take on a well defined shape during mitosis."
}
] |
8748 | _____ represents the idea that decision makers are restricted by a variety of constraints when making decisions. | [
{
"docid": "D2695423#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/5364860/mgt312-final-flash-cards/\nMGT312 Final",
"text": "64 terms mewilso9MGT312 Final Organizational Behavior Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Try diagrams on Quizlet!See what you're learning in a whole new way. Browse diagrams Sort Simon's Normative Model -describes process managers use when making decisions -guided by bounded rationality (represents the notion that decision makers are restricted by a variety of constraints when making decisions) -cause decision makers to fail to evaluate all potential alternatives Rational Model 1)identifying the problem 2)generating alternative solutions 3)selecting a solution 4)implementing and evaluating the solution. -managers are objective and possess complete info Garbage Can Model -holds that decision making is sloppy and haphazard -decisions result from a complex interaction between 4 independent streams of events: problems, solutions, participants, & choice opportunities Decision-making Styles -Directive -Analytical -Conceptual -Behavioral Directive decision-making style -these ppl have a low tolerance for ambiguity & are oriented toward task & technical concerns when making decisions -they are efficient, logical, & practical in approach to solving problems & like focusing on facts Analytical decision-making style -higher tolerance for ambiguity & is characterized by the tendency to over analyze a situation -take longer to make decisions Conceptual decision-making style -have high tolerance for ambiguity -focus on the people or social aspects of a work situation -like to consider many options and possibilities Behavioral decision-making style -the most people-oriented style -work well with others and enjoy social interactions in which opinions are being openly exchanged Advantages of group decision making -greater pool of knowledge -different perspectives -greater comprehension -increased acceptance Disadvantages of group decision making -social pressure -domination by a vocal few -logrolling -goal displacement Nominal group technique -a decision-making method that begins and ends by having group members quietly write down and evaluate ideas to be shared with the group Delphi technique -a decision-making method in which members of a panel of experts respond to questions and to each other until reaching agreement on an issue -not face to face, usually done through e-mail Computer-Aided decision making -reduces consensus roadblocks while collecting more information in a shorter period of time Groupthink -a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group -refers to deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgments that results from in-group pressures8 decision-making biases 1)Availability heuristic 2)Representativeness heuristic 3)Confirmation bias 4)Anchoring bias 5)Overconfidence bias 6)Hindsight bias 7)Framing bias 8)Escalation of commitment biaschoice shift group decision making is usually more extreme than decisions made by most members of the groupuncertain environments - Exist when managers have so little information that they cannot even assign probabilities to various alternatives and possible outcomes. - Uncertainty forces decision makers to rely on individual and group creativity to succeed in problem solving.certain environments - Exist when information is sufficient to predict the results of each alternative in advance of implementation. - Certainty is the ideal problem solving and decision making environment. Functional conflict -Conflict that supports the goals of the group and improves its performance. -serves organization's interests Dysfunctional conflict -Conflict that hinders group performance. -threatens organization's interests Conflict antecedents -incompatible personalities or value systems, overlapping or unclear job boundaries, competition for limited resources, inadequate communication, unreasonable or unclear policies, standards, or rules, unreasonable deadlines or extreme time pressure Yerkes-Dodson Curve Inverted U-shaped graphical relationship between arousal and performance. Optimal performance occurs at intermediate levels of arousal. Psychopaths may engage in stimulus-seeking behavior to increase their low arousal to more useful levels."
}
] | [
{
"docid": "D3438785#0",
"title": "http://kalyan-city.blogspot.com/2010/06/decision-making-process-in-management.html\nDecision Making Process In Management - Problem Solving",
"text": "\"Decision Making Process In Management - Problem Solving Post: Gaurav Akrani. Date: 6/01/2010. Comments (4). Label: Education, Management, Study Notes.1. What is Decision Making? Decision-making is an essential aspect of modern management. It is a primary function of management. A manager's major job is sound/rational decision-making. He takes hundreds of decisions consciously and subconsciously. Decision-making is the key part of manager's activities."
},
{
"docid": "D2245490#0",
"title": "http://jena.apache.org/documentation/ontology/index.html\nJena Ontology API",
"text": "\"DOCUMENTATION ONTOLOGYJena Ontology APIThis section is a general introduction to the Jena ontology API, including some of the common tasks you may need to perform. We won't go into all of the many details of the API here: you should expect to refer to the Javadoc to get full details of the capabilities of the API. Prerequisites ¶We'll assume that you have a basic familiarity with RDF and with Jena. If not, there are other Jena help documents you can read for background on these topics, and a collection of tutorials. Jena is a programming toolkit, using the Java programming language. While there are a few command-line tools to help you perform some key tasks using Jena, mostly you use Jena by writing Java programs. The examples in this document will be primarily code samples. We also won't be explaining the OWL or RDFS ontology languages in much detail in this document. You should refer to supporting documentation for details on those languages, for example the W3C OWL document index. Note: Although OWL version 1.1 is now a W3C recommendation, Jena's support for OWL 1.1 features is limited."
},
{
"docid": "D1381794#0",
"title": "http://people.csail.mit.edu/phw/Books/AIPREVIEW.HTML\nThe Intelligent Computer",
"text": "The introduction to Artificial Intelligence follows. Additional information about this book, along with access to software, is available via http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/phw/Books/The Intelligent Computer This book is about the field that has come to be called Artificial Intelligence. In this chapter, you learn how to define Artificial Intelligence, and you learn how the book is arranged. You get a feeling for why Artificial Intelligence is important, both as a branch of engineering and as a kind of science. You learn about some successful applications of Artificial Intelligence. And finally, you learn about criteria you can use to determine whether work in Artificial Intelligence is successful. The Field and the Book There are many ways to define the field of Artificial Intelligence. Here is one: Artificial Intelligence is ... the study of the computations that make it possible to perceive, reason, and act. From the perspective of this definition, Artificial Intelligence differs from most of psychology because of the greater emphasis on computation, and Artificial Intelligence differs from most of computer science because of the emphasis on perception, reasoning, and action. From the perspective of goals, Artificial Intelligence can be viewed as part engineering, part science: The engineering goal of Artificial Intelligence is to solve real-world problems using Artificial Intelligence as an armamentarium of ideas about representing knowledge, using knowledge, and assembling systems."
},
{
"docid": "D3257928#0",
"title": "https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/project-scope-statement-skills-tools-7981\nDeveloping a complete project scope statement in 2 days",
"text": "Learning Library Developing a complete project scope statement in 2 days Tweet Conference Paper Scope Management 2006Burek, Paul How to cite this article: Burek, P. (2006). Developing a complete project scope statement in 2 days. Paper presented at PMI® Global Congress 2006—North America, Seattle, WA. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute. Abstract Through our experience working with project teams in many industries on hundreds of projects, we recognize that although Project Managers and project teams may understand the theory and value of developing a Project Scope Statement, many do not have viable tools, techniques or processes for creating a one. Unfortunately, Project Managers may attempt to write the Project Scope Statement on their own or assign this effort to a team member. Often, they move forward with a scope statement completed by one person or route the scope statement to other stakeholders seeking input, buy-in, or approval. This process can take weeks and usually results in missing portions of key information needed to effectively manage scope on the project. In this situation, Project Managers are faced with spending too much time trying to recognize and manage scope creep due to unclear project boundaries. This paper illustrates how to build a scope statement while gaining alignment from all project stakeholders in a matter of days."
},
{
"docid": "D2683201#0",
"title": "http://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/political-science-and-government/political-science-terms-and-concepts-129\nInternational Relations",
"text": "International Relations The articles under this heading deal with international relations as a field of study. Major elements of international politics are covered in Foreign POLICY; International INTEGRATION; International LAW; International MONETARY ECONOMICS; International ORGANIZATION; International POLITICS; International TRADE. Methods for the study of international relations are discussed in Communication, POLITICAL; Conflict; Geography, article on POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY; Power; Simulation, article on POLITICAL PROCESSES; Systems ANALYSIS, article on INTERNATIONAL SYSTEMS. Major concepts and policies are analyzed in Alliances; Balance OF POWER; Collective SECURITY; Containment; Crisis; Deterrence; Disarmament; Disengagement; National INTEREST; National SECURITY; Neutralism AND NONALIGNMENT; Peace; Power TRANSITION; Trusteeship. Instruments of international politics are dealt with in Diplomacy; Foreign AID; International CULTURAL COOPERATION; Negotiation; Sanctions, INTERNATIONAL; Technical ASSISTANCE; War. Other relevant material may be found under Military. I. THE FIELD Chadwick F. Alger BIBLIOGRAPHYII. IDEOLOGICAL ASPECTS John H. Herz BIBLIOGRAPHYIII. PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS Herbert C. Kelman BIBLIOGRAPHYI. THE FIELDInternational relations is a human activity in which persons from more than one nation, individually and in groups, interact."
},
{
"docid": "D2333891#0",
"title": "http://tx.liberal.ntu.edu.tw/~purplewoo/Literature/!Theory/MODELS%20OF%20ORGANIZATIONAL%20DECISION%20MAKING.htm\nMODELS OF ORGANIZATIONAL DECISION MAKING",
"text": "MODELS OF ORGANIZATIONAL DECISION MAKINGWhen we speak of rational behavior, we should remember that our focus in this discussion is not on making decisions, but rather on how to support the process of making decisions. Managers are change agents, not just decision makers, so the steps before and after a decision are as important as the actual choice of action. Preparatory steps include creating tension for change, understanding the positions of the various constituencies, and developing political support for a chosen action. Steps after the decision include naming the change monitor and identifying the monitoring methods. Therefore, the mission of good information system is broader than just collecting data to make a choice. Designers of information systems must understand not only how managers think but also how the decision process will be implemented in the managers』 environment. An information system that is well design is an information system that is used. Thus, an information system, in order to be useful, must be implemented. To understand the implementation process better, we review three models of organizational decision making － rational, administrative, and political. The Rational Model."
},
{
"docid": "D1208501#0",
"title": "https://www.iasplus.com/en/standards/other/framework\nConceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2018",
"text": "Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2018Quick Article Links History of the Framework April 1989 Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements (the Framework) was approved by the IASC Board July 1989 Framework was published April 2001 Framework adopted by the IASB. September 2010 Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2010 approved by the IASBMarch 2018 Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2018 (the Framework) published Related Interpretations None Amendments under consideration by the IASBNone Please note that we are in the process of updating this page. Status and purpose and status of the Framework The Framework's purpose is to assist the IASB in developing and revising IFRSs that are based on consistent concepts, to help preparers to develop consistent accounting policies for areas that are not covered by a standard or where there is choice of accounting policy, and to assist all parties to understand and interpret IFRS. [ SP1.1]In the absence of a Standard or an Interpretation that specifically applies to a transaction, management must use its judgement in developing and applying an accounting policy that results in information that is relevant and reliable. In making that judgement, IAS 8.11 requires management to consider the definitions, recognition criteria, and measurement concepts for assets, liabilities, income, and expenses in the Framework. This elevation of the importance of the Framework was added in the 2003 revisions to IAS 8. The Framework is not a Standard and does not override any specific IFRS. [ SP1.2]If the IASB decides to issue a new or revised pronouncement that is in conflict with the Framework, the IASB must highlight the fact and explain the reasons for the departure in the basis for conclusions. [ SP1.3]The Framework Scope The Framework addresses:the objective of general purpose financial reportingqualitative characteristics of useful financial informationfinancial Statements and the reporting entitythe elements of financial statementsrecognition and derecognitionmeasurementpresentation and disclosureconcepts of capital and capital maintenance Chapter 1: The Objective of general purpose financial reporting The primary users of general purpose financial reporting are present and potential investors, lenders and other creditors, who use that information to make decisions about buying, selling or holding equity or debt instruments and providing or settling loans or other forms of credit. [ F OB2]The primary users need information about the resources of the entity not only to assess an entity's prospects for future net cash inflows but also how effectively and efficiently management has discharged their responsibilities to use the entity's existing resources (i.e., stewardship). ["
},
{
"docid": "D3420645#0",
"title": "http://dupress.com/articles/iot-primer-iot-technologies-applications/\nInside the Internet of Things (IoT) A primer on the technologies building the IoT",
"text": "\"Article Inside the Internet of Things (Io T) A primer on the technologies building the Io TJonathan Holdowsky, Monika Mahto, Michael E. Raynor, Mark Cotteleer August 21, 2015Explore the inner workings of the Internet of Things in this deep dive into some of the technologies that make it possible. The Information Value Loop If you’ve ever seen the “check engine” light come on in your car and had the requisite repairs done in a timely way, you’ve benefited from an early-stage manifestation of what today is known as the Internet of Things (Io T). Something about your car’s operation—an action—triggered a sensor, 1 which communicated the data to a monitoring device. The significance of these data was determined based on aggregated information and prior analysis. The light came on, which in turn triggered a trip to the garage and necessary repairs. In 1991 Mark Weiser, then of Xerox PARC, saw beyond these simple applications. Extrapolating trends in technology, he described “ubiquitous computing,” a world in which objects of all kinds could sense, communicate, analyze, and act or react to people and other machines autonomously, in a manner no more intrusive or noteworthy than how we currently turn on a light or open a tap. Receive Io T insights Subscribe Explore the Internet of Things collection One way of capturing the process implicit in Weiser’s model is as an Information Value Loop with discrete but connected stages. An action in the world allows us to create information about that action, which is then communicated and aggregated across time and space, allowing us to analyze those data in the service of modifying future acts. Although this process is generic, it is perhaps increasingly relevant, for the future Weiser imagined is more and more upon us—not thanks to any one technological advance or even breakthrough but, rather, due to a confluence of improvements to a suite of technologies that collectively have reached levels of performance that enable complete systems relevant to a human-sized world."
},
{
"docid": "D2026387#0",
"title": "https://www.ukessays.com/essays/economics/explain-and-describe-what-a-limiting-factor-is-economics-essay.php\nExplain and describe what a limiting factor is",
"text": "\"Explain and describe what a limiting factor is Print Reference this Published: 23rd March, 2015Disclaimer: This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UK Essays. Limiting factor is any factor that restricts a company or an organisation's activities. In simple words, a limiting factor is the factor which is limited or not freely available to the company. Limiting factors in an organisation can be labour time, raw material, machine hours or space. For example, when sales demand excess the productivity capacity, the company do not have enough resources to produce the product, the scarce resource will be the factor that restricts the company's activities. The production constraints can be removing and additional resources can be acquired when the scarce resources are existed. Hence, the scarce resources should be identified to make sure the company has enough resources to produce their products as many as their wish. By using limiting factor, we can maximize the profit when obtained the greatest possible contribution to profit each time."
},
{
"docid": "D1342502#0",
"title": "http://analytics-magazine.org/the-analytics-journey/\nThe Analytics Journey",
"text": "The Analytics Journey November/December 2010An IBM view of the structured data analysis landscape: descriptive, predictive and prescriptive analytics. By (left to right) Irv Lustig, Brenda Dietrich, Christer Johnson and Christopher Dziekan Use of the term “business analytics” is being used within the information technology industry to refer to the use of computing to gain insight from data. The data may be obtained from a company’s internal sources, such as its enterprise resource planning application, data warehouses/marts, from a third party data provider or from public sources. Companies seek to leverage the digitized data from transaction systems and automated business processes to support “fact-based” decision-making. Thus, business analyticsis a category of computing rather than a specific method, application or product. In many ways, business analytics is the next competitive breakthrough following business automation but with the goal of making better business decisions, rather than simply automating standardized processes. This new computing category leverages the wealth of data being produced on a daily basis. In the near future tremendous amounts of additional data will become available, including both structured data, such as from sensors and unstructured data, such as from cameras, social media and sentiment from the social network. Within IBM the term “business analytics” applies to software products (business intelligence and performance management, predictive analytics, mathematical optimization, enterprise information management, enterprise content and collaboration), analytic solutions areas (industry solutions, finance/risk/fraud analytics, customer analytics, human capital analytics, supply chain analytics), consulting services, even outsourced business processes and configured hardware. Business analytics centers around five key areas of customer needs: Information access: This first segment is foundational to business analytics."
},
{
"docid": "D3071686#0",
"title": "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/optimization\nOptimization",
"text": "\"Optimization Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Financial, Acronyms, Wikipedia .optimization [ ‚äp·tə·mə′zā·shən] (mathematics)The maximizing or minimizing of a given function possibly subject to some type of constraints. ( systems engineering)Broadly, the efforts and processes of making a decision, a design, or a system as perfect,effective, or functional as possible. Narrowly, the specific methodology, techniques, and procedures used to decide on the onespecific solution in a defined set of possible alternatives that will best satisfy a selected criterion. Also known as system optimization. Mc Graw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E, Copyright © 2003 by The Mc Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased. Optimizationthe process of finding the extremum, or global maximum or minimum, of a certain function or selecting the best, or optimal, variant from a set of possible alternatives. The most reliable way of finding the optimal variant is a comparative evaluation of all possible alternatives. If the number of alternatives is large, the best choice is usually obtained through mathematical programmingmethods. The application of these methods requires that the problem be rigorously formulated: theset of variables must be assigned; the range of the variables must be established—that is,constraints must be stipulated; and the type of objective function—the function whose extremum it is necessary to find—must be determined from the variables."
},
{
"docid": "D2283452#0",
"title": "https://emilms.fema.gov/IS454/RMPrint.htm\n.",
"text": "\"IS-454: Fundamentals of Risk Management Table of Contents: Lesson 1: Introduction to Risk Management Lesson 2: Basic Risk Management Concepts Lesson 3: The DHS Risk Management Cycle (Part 1)Lesson 4: The DHS Risk Management Cycle (Part 2)Lesson 5: Risk Communication About the Course This course will introduce the essential role of risk management at the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). As a member of the DHS workforce, it is imperative that you have a general awareness of the concept of risk management and its applications to homeland security and your job within the Department. As you will learn in the coming lessons, everyone manages risk. The more structured approach that we call “risk management” gives us a logical process for identifying potential risks, deciding what to do about them, and then doing it. This course will introduce the essential role of risk management at the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). As a member of the DHS workforce, it is imperative that you have a general awareness of the concept of risk management and its applications to homeland security and your individual job. By developing your understanding of the principles of risk management, you will enhance your ability to contribute to DHS and its unified effort to manage risks to the Nation from a diverse and complex set of threats and hazards. These include, but are not limited to, but are not limited to natural disasters, human error, terrorism, cyber threats, crime, and security and safety issues. By the end of this course, you will be able to: Recognize the value of risk management. Explain how the fundamental concepts and principles of risk management apply at home, in the workplace, and in the community."
},
{
"docid": "D1305242#0",
"title": "http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/economics/what-are-the-main-factors-that-influence-the-dividend-decisions/1569/\nWhat are the Main Factors that Influence the Dividend Decisions?",
"text": "What are the Main Factors that Influence the Dividend Decisions? Article shared by : ADVERTISEMENTS: Main factors that influence the dividend decisions are as follows: The corporate, institutional and legal factors that influence the dividend decision of a firm include the growth and profitability of the firm its liquidity position, the cost and availability of alternative forms of financing concerns about the managerial control of the firm, the existence of external (largely legal) restriction and the impact of inflation of cash flow. Image Courtesy : emeraldinsight.com/content_images/fig/0240200902011.png ADVERTISEMENTS: Growth and Profitability: The amount of growth a firm can sustain and its profitability is related to its dividend decisions, so long as the firm (because of managerially imposed to external market constraints) cannot issue additional equity. Firms with strong growth prospects maintain low target payout ratios. In fact all the firms that experience above-average growth rates are expected to have low dividend payout ratios since, in line with the residual theory of dividends, a greater number of profitable investment opportunities should result (other things being equal in a greater need for earnings retention. ADVERTISEMENTS: This interrelationship among the firm’s growth, its profitability, and its investment, financing, and dividend decisions cannot be overemphasized. Liquidity: The liquidity position of a firm is often an important consideration in dividend decisions. Since dividends represent a cash outflow, it follows that the better the cash position and overall liquidity of the firm, the greater is the firm’s ability to pay (and maintain) a cash dividend. A growing, profitable firm may not be liquid, since it needs funds for new capital expenditures and to build up its permanent working capital position. Likewise, firms in cyclical industries may experience times when they lack liquidity due to general economic conditions."
},
{
"docid": "D2248638#0",
"title": "http://www.project2061.org/publications/sfaa/online/chap3.htm\nCha pter 3: THE NATURE OF TECHNOLOGY",
"text": "\"Cha pter 3: THE NATURE OF TECHNOLOGYT ECHNOLOGY AND S CIENCED ESIGN AND S YSTEMSI SSUES IN T ECHNOLOGYChapter 3: THE NATURE OF TECHNOLOGYAs long as there have been people, there has been technology. Indeed, the techniques of shaping tools are taken as the chief evidence of the beginning of human culture. On the whole, technology has been a powerful force in the development of civilization, all the more so as its link with science has been forged. Technology—like language, ritual, values, commerce, and the arts—is an intrinsic part of a cultural system and it both shapes and reflects the system's values. In today's world, technology is a complex social enterprise that includes not only research, design, and crafts but also finance, manufacturing, management, labor, marketing, and maintenance. In the broadest sense, technology extends our abilities to change the world: to cut, shape, or put together materials; to move things from one place to another; to reach farther with our hands, voices, and senses. We use technology to try to change the world to suit us better. The changes may relate to survival needs such as food, shelter, or defense, or they may relate to human aspirations such as knowledge, art, or control. But the results of changing the world are often complicated and unpredictable. They can include unexpected benefits, unexpected costs, and unexpected risks—any of which may fall on different social groups at different times."
},
{
"docid": "D3044049#0",
"title": "http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/organization/organisational-climate-meaning-characteristics-and-factors/53226/\nOrganisational Climate: Meaning, Characteristics and Factors",
"text": "Organisational Climate: Meaning, Characteristics and Factors Article shared by : ADVERTISEMENTS: Here we detail out the meaning and definition of organisational climate, its characteristics, factors, impact and dimensions!The concept of organisational climate was formally introduced by the human relationists in the late 1940s. Now it has become a very useful metaphor for thinking about and describing the social system. Organisational climate is also referred to as the “situational determinants” or “Environmental determinants” which affect the human behaviour. Some persons have used organisational culture and organisational climate interchangeably. But there are some basic differences between these two terms. According to Bowditch and Buono, “Organisational culture is connected with the nature of beliefs and expectations about organisational life, while climate is an indicator of whether these beliefs and expectations are being fulfilled. ”ADVERTISEMENTS: Climate of an organisation is somewhat like the personality of a person. Just as every individual has a personality that makes him unique and different from other persons. Each organisation has an organisational climate that clearly distinguishes it from other organisations. Basically, the organisational climate reflects a person’s perception of the organisation to which he belongs."
},
{
"docid": "D178311#0",
"title": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/constitutionalism/\nConstitutionalism",
"text": "Constitutionalism First published Wed Jan 10, 2001; substantive revision Wed Dec 20, 2017Constitutionalism is the idea, often associated with the political theories of John Locke and the founders of the American republic, that government can and should be legally limited in its powers, and that its authority or legitimacy depends on its observing these limitations. This idea brings with it a host of vexing questions of interest not only to legal scholars, but to anyone keen to explore the legal and philosophical foundations of the state. How can a government be legally limited if law is the creation of government? Does this mean that a government can be ‘self-limiting’? Is this even possible? If not, then is there some way of avoiding this implication? If meaningful limitation is indeed to be possible, perhaps constitutional constraints must somehow be ‘entrenched’, that is, resistant to change or removal by those whose powers are constrained? Perhaps they must not only be entrenched, but enshrined in written rules. If so, how are these rules to be interpreted? In terms of their original, public meaning or the intentions of their authors, or in terms of the, possibly ever-developing, values and principles they express?"
},
{
"docid": "D2565772#0",
"title": "http://www.trincoll.edu/depts/csrpl/Religion%20and%20Liberal%20Democracy/relibdem.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Is Religion Compatible with Liberal Democracy? Marc D. Stern The word democracy means only that the people rule. Other than, perhaps, requiring freedom of speech and equal access to the ballot, indispensable requirements of self-rule, the notion of democracy sets no limits on what the people may do in their sovereign capacity. Our constitutional tradition is not one of pure democracy. The Constitution imposes limits–notably in the Bill of Rights, but not only there–on what democratic government may decide. More generally, the broad American political tradition, viewed over the perspective of more than 200 years, imposes other, non-constitutional, limits on what government may regulate. In this, the United States is not unique. All liberal constitutional democracies impose restrictions on what private activity government may and should regulate, including, of course, religious behavior, and what values it may assimilate, and enforce, as its own. There are several broad generalizations that can be made about the role and place of religion in liberal democracies. First, in a liberal democracy, citizenship is not dependent on adherence to an official religion or even a state approved religion."
},
{
"docid": "D16947#0",
"title": "https://issuu.com/smtbtb/docs/intermediate_accounting_kieso_15th__9d1880b963fe00\n.",
"text": "\"Intermediate Accounting Kieso 15th Edition Test Bank Click here to download the test bank INSTANTLY!! ! http://www.solutionsmanualtestbank.com/products/2013/05/03/interme diate-accounting-kieso-15th-edition-test-bank Name: Intermediate Accounting Author: Kieso Weygandt Warfield Edition: 15th ISBN-10: 1118147294 Type: Test Bank - The test bank is what most professors use an a reference when making exams for their students, which means there’s a very high chance that you will see a very similar, if not exact the exact, question in the test!This is a sample chapter CHAPTER 2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR FINANCIAL REPORTING IFRS questions are available at the end of this chapter. TRUE-FALSE—Conceptual Answer T T F T F T F T T F F F T T F F T T F FNo. Description1. 2. 3. 4 5. 6. 7. 8."
},
{
"docid": "D1285573#0",
"title": "https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Professional_and_Technical_Writing/Feasibility\nProfessional and Technical Writing/Feasibility",
"text": "\"Contents [ hide ]1 Preparing Feasibility Studies1.1 Feasibility Report1.1.1 What is a Feasibility Report/Study?1.1.2 What is a feasibility study?1.2 Questions to Consider for Your Report:1.2.1 What to consider in creating feasibility studies/reports?1.2.2 Is your argument important and appropriate?1.2.3 What to consider about your alternatives?1.2.4 What have you found against your alternatives?1.2.5 What should you throw into a conclusion?1.3 Important Features of a Basic Feasibility Report1.4 Executive Summary1.5 Introduction1.6 Criteria/Constraints1.7 Method1.7.1 Things to keep in mind:1.7.2 It's all about the source1.7.3 How much is enough?1.7.4 Where does it fit?1.7.5 Important note2 Revision Checklist Preparing Feasibility Studies [ edit]Feasibility Report [ edit]What is a Feasibility Report/Study? [ edit]What you should include when putting together a feasibility study/report: A feasibility report is a testimony that attempts to create some sort of action. Feasibility reports are created to persuade/help the decision makers to choose between available options. Remember that your option is not the only one, the decision makers will probably have many to choose from. A feasibility report also determines whether or not the investigated task can be done with the amount of resources available OR how many resources will be necessary in order to complete the task. A feasibility may be useful in a lot of different situations such as event planning, finances, or even remodeling your home. What is a feasibility study? [ edit]A feasibility study is a way to evaluate the practicality and desirability of a project. Before a company invests time and money into a project, they need to know how successful the project will be before investing. Sometimes companies want to understand input costs, the amount of research that will need to be done, or even the marketability of a project."
},
{
"docid": "D330415#0",
"title": "http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/legal-reas-prec/\nPrecedent and Analogy in Legal Reasoning",
"text": "Precedent and Analogy in Legal Reasoning First published Tue Jun 20, 2006Arguments from precedent and analogy are two central forms of reasoning found in many legal systems, especially ‘Common Law’ systems such as those in England and the United States. Precedent involves an earlier decision being followed in a later case because both cases are the same. Analogy involves an earlier decision being followed in a later case because the later case is similar to the earlier one. The main philosophical problems raised by precedent and analogy are these: (1) when are two cases the ‘same’ for the purposes of precedent? ( 2) when are two cases ‘similar’ for the purposes of analogy? and (3) in both situations, why should the decision in the earlier case affect the decision in the later case? The study of precedent and analogy is of interest for a number of reasons:some theorists claim that precedent involves a form of reasoning different to reasoning using rules;although arguments from precedent are extremely common in many institutional and quasi-institutional settings, not merely the law, there is no consensus on the rational basis for their force, nor indeed on whether such arguments have any rational force;some theorists argue that the use of analogies in law is not a form of ‘reasoning’ at all; and finally,even if there is an intelligible form of analogical reasoning, it is unclear why the similarity between two situations provides a reason for treating them both in the same manner. The law presents a useful context for considering these issues because its use of precedent and analogy is well articulated and explicit. This entry is organised into the following sections:1. Precedent and analogy in legal reasoning2."
}
] |
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