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I didn't write the music."
"To be honest with you," Manson also stated, "I don't recall ever saying 'Get a knife and a change of clothes and go do what Tex says.
As the body of the trial concluded and with the closing arguments impending, defense attorney Hughes disappeared during a weekend trip.
When Maxwell Keith was appointed to represent Van Houten in Hughes' absence, a delay of more than two weeks was required to permit Keith to familiarize himself with the voluminous trial transcripts.
No sooner had the trial resumed, just before Christmas, than disruptions of the prosecution's closing argument by the defendants led Older to ban the four defendants from the courtroom for the remainder of the guilt phase.
This may have occurred because the defendants were acting in collusion with each other and were simply putting on a performance, which Older said was becoming obvious.
On January 25, 1971, the jury returned guilty verdicts against the four defendants on each of the 27 separate counts against them.
Not far into the trial's penalty phase, the jurors saw, at last, the defense that Manson—in the prosecution's view—had planned to present.
Atkins, Krenwinkel, and Van Houten testified the murders had been conceived as "copycat" versions of the Hinman murder, for which Atkins now took credit.
The killings, they said, were intended to draw suspicion away from Bobby Beausoleil by resembling the crime for which he had been jailed.
This plan had supposedly been the work of, and carried out under the guidance of, not Manson, but someone allegedly in love with Beausoleil—Linda Kasabian.
Among the narrative's weak points was the inability of Atkins to explain why, as she was maintaining, she had written "political piggy" at the Hinman house in the first place.
Midway through the penalty phase, Manson shaved his head and trimmed his beard to a fork; he told the press, "I am the Devil, and the Devil always has a bald head."
In what the prosecution regarded as belated recognition on their part that imitation of Manson only proved his domination, the female defendants refrained from shaving their heads until the jurors retired to weigh the state's request for the death penalty.
The effort to exonerate Manson via the "copy cat" scenario failed.
On March 29, 1971, the jury returned verdicts of death against all four defendants on all counts.
On April 19, 1971, Judge Older sentenced the four to death.
On the day the verdicts recommending the death penalty were returned, news came that the badly decomposed body of Ronald Hughes had been found wedged between two boulders in Ventura County.
It was rumored, although never proven, that Hughes was murdered by the Family, possibly because he had stood up to Manson and refused to allow Van Houten to take the stand and absolve Manson of the crimes.
Though he might have perished in flooding, Family member Sandra Good stated that Hughes was "the first of the retaliation murders".
Watson returned to McKinney, Texas after the Tate–LaBianca murders.
He was arrested in Texas on November 30, 1969, after local police were notified by California investigators that his fingerprints were found to match a print found on the front door of the Tate home.
Watson fought extradition to California long enough that he was not included among the three defendants tried with Manson.
The trial commenced in August 1971; by October, he, too, had been found guilty on seven counts of murder and one of conspiracy.
Unlike the others, Watson presented a psychiatric defense; prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi made short work of Watson's insanity claims.
Like his co-conspirators, Watson was sentenced to death.
In February 1972, the death sentences of all five parties were automatically reduced to life in prison by "People v. Anderson", 493 P.2d 880, 6 Cal.
3d 628 (Cal.
1972), in which the California Supreme Court abolished the death penalty in that state.
After his return to prison, Manson's rhetoric and hippie speeches held little sway.
Though he found temporary acceptance from the Aryan Brotherhood, his role was submissive to a sexually aggressive member of the group at San Quentin.
Before the conclusion of Manson's Tate–LaBianca trial, a reporter for the "Los Angeles Times" tracked down Manson's mother, remarried and living in the Pacific Northwest.
The former Kathleen Maddox claimed that, in childhood, her son had suffered no neglect; he had even been "pampered by all the women who surrounded him."
On November 8, 1972, the body of 26-year-old Vietnam Marine combat veteran James L.T.
Willett was found by a hiker near Guerneville, California.
Months earlier, he had been forced to dig his own grave, and then was shot and poorly buried; his body was found with one hand protruding from the grave and the head and other hand missing, most likely because of scavenging animals.
His station wagon was found outside a house in Stockton where several Manson followers were living, including Priscilla Cooper, Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme, and Nancy Pitman.
Police forced their way into the house and arrested several of the people there, along with Fromme, who had called the house after they had arrived.
The body of James Willett's 19-year-old wife Lauren "Reni" Chavelle Olmstead Willett was found buried in the basement.
She had been killed very recently by a gunshot to the head, in what the Family members initially claimed was an accident.
It was later suggested that she was killed out of fear that she would reveal who killed her husband, as the discovery of his body had become prominent news.
The Willetts' infant daughter was found alive in the house.
Michael Monfort pleaded guilty to murdering Reni Willett, and Priscilla Cooper, James Craig, and Nancy Pitman pleaded guilty as accessories after the fact.
Monfort and William Goucher later pleaded guilty to the murder of James Willett, and James Craig pleaded guilty as an accessory after the fact.
The group had been living in the house with the Willetts while committing various robberies.
Shortly after killing Willett, Monfort had used Willett's identification papers to pose as Willett after being arrested for an armed robbery of a liquor store.
News reports suggested that James Willett was not involved in the robberies and wanted to move away, but was killed out of fear that he would talk to police.
After leaving the Marines following two tours in Vietnam, Willett had been an ESL teacher for immigrant children.
In a 1971 trial that took place after his Tate–LaBianca convictions, Manson was found guilty of the murders of Gary Hinman and Donald "Shorty" Shea and was given a life sentence.
Shea was a Spahn Ranch stuntman and horse wrangler who had been killed approximately ten days after an August 16, 1969, sheriff's raid on the ranch.
Manson, who suspected that Shea helped set up the raid, had apparently believed Shea was trying to get Spahn to run the Family off the ranch.
Manson may have considered it a "sin" that the white Shea had married a black woman; and there was the possibility that Shea knew about the Tate–LaBianca killings.
In separate trials, Family members Bruce Davis and Steve "Clem" Grogan were also found guilty of Shea's murder.
In 1977, authorities learned the precise location of the remains of Shorty Shea and, contrary to Family claims, that Shea had not been dismembered and buried in several places.
Contacting the prosecutor in his case, Steve Grogan told him Shea's corpse had been buried in one piece; he drew a map that pinpointed the location of the body, which was recovered.
Of those convicted of Manson-ordered murders, Grogan would become, in 1985, the first—and, , the only one—to be paroled.
On September 5, 1975, the Family rocketed back to national attention when Squeaky Fromme attempted to assassinate U.S. President Gerald Ford.
The attempt took place in Sacramento, to which she and Manson follower Sandra Good had moved to be near Manson while he was incarcerated at Folsom State Prison.
A subsequent search of the apartment shared by Fromme, Good, and a Family recruit turned up evidence that, coupled with later actions on the part of Good, resulted in Good's conviction for conspiring to send threatening communications through the United States mail and transmitting death threats by way of interstate commerce.
The threats involved corporate executives and U.S. government officials vis-à-vis supposed environmental dereliction on their part.
Fromme was sentenced to 15 years to life, becoming the first person sentenced under United States Code Title 18, chapter 84 (1965), which made it a Federal crime to attempt to assassinate the President of the United States.
In December 1987, Fromme, serving a life sentence for the assassination attempt, escaped briefly from Federal Prison Camp, Alderson, in West Virginia.
She was trying to reach Manson, who she had heard had testicular cancer; she was apprehended within days.
She was released on parole from Federal Medical Center, Carswell on August 14, 2009.
In a 1994 conversation with Manson prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi, Catherine Share, a one-time Manson-follower, stated that her testimony in the penalty phase of Manson's trial had been a fabrication intended to save Manson from the gas chamber and that it had been given under Manson's explicit direction.
Share's testimony had introduced the copycat-motive story, which the testimony of the three female defendants echoed and according to which the Tate–LaBianca murders had been Linda Kasabian's idea.
In a 1997 segment of the tabloid television program "Hard Copy", Share implied that her testimony had been given under a Manson threat of physical harm.
In August 1971, after Manson's trial and sentencing, Share had participated in a violent California retail store robbery, the object of which was the acquisition of weapons to help free Manson.
In January 1996, a Manson website was established by latter-day Manson follower George Stimson, who was helped by Sandra Good.
Good had been released from prison in 1985, after serving 10 years of her 15-year sentence for the death threats.
In a 1998–1999 interview in "Seconds" magazine, Bobby Beausoleil rejected the view that Manson ordered him to kill Gary Hinman.
He stated that Manson did come to Hinman's house and slash Hinman with a sword, which he had previously denied in a 1981 interview with "Oui" magazine.
Beausoleil stated that when he read about the Tate murders in the newspaper, "I wasn't even sure at that point—really, I had no idea who had done it until Manson's group were actually arrested for it.
It had only crossed my mind and I had a premonition, perhaps.
There was some little tickle in my mind that the killings might be connected with them ..." In the "Oui" magazine interview, he had stated, "When the Tate-LaBianca murders happened, I knew who had done it.
I was fairly certain."
William Garretson, once the young caretaker at 10050 Cielo Drive, indicated in a program ("The Last Days of Sharon Tate") broadcast on July 25, 1999 on "E!
", that he had, in fact, seen and heard a portion of the Tate murders from his location in the property's guest house.
This corroborated the unofficial results of the polygraph examination that had been given to Garretson on August 10, 1969, and that had effectively eliminated him as a suspect.
The LAPD officer who conducted the examination had concluded Garretson was "clean" on participation in the crimes but "muddy" as to his having heard anything.
Garretson did not explain why he had withheld his knowledge of the events.
It was announced in early 2008 that Susan Atkins was suffering from brain cancer.
An application for compassionate release, based on her health status, was denied in July 2008, and she was denied parole for the 18th and final time on September 2, 2009.
Atkins died of natural causes 22 days later, on September 24, 2009, at the Central California Women's facility in Chowchilla.
In a January 2008 segment of the Discovery Channel's "Most Evil," Barbara Hoyt said that the impression that she had accompanied Ruth Ann Moorehouse to Hawaii just to avoid testifying at Manson's trial was erroneous.
Hoyt said she had cooperated with the Family because she was "trying to keep them from killing my family."
She stated that, at the time of the trial, she was "constantly being threatened: 'Your family's gonna die.
[The murders] could be repeated at your house.
On March 15, 2008, the Associated Press reported that forensic investigators had conducted a search for human remains at Barker Ranch the previous month.
Following up on longstanding rumors that the Family had killed hitchhikers and runaways who had come into its orbit during its time at Barker, the investigators identified "two likely clandestine grave sites ... and one additional site that merits further investigation."
Though they recommended digging, CNN reported on March 28 that the Inyo County sheriff, who questioned the methods they employed with search dogs, had ordered additional tests before any excavation.
On May 9, after a delay caused by damage to test equipment, the sheriff announced that test results had been inconclusive and that "exploratory excavation" would begin on May 20.
In the meantime, Charles "Tex" Watson had commented publicly that "no one was killed" at the desert camp during the month-and-a-half he was there, after the Tate–LaBianca murders.
On May 21, after two days of work, the sheriff brought the search to an end; four potential gravesites had been dug up and had been found to hold no human remains.
In September 2009, The History Channel broadcast a docudrama covering the Family's activities and the murders as part of its coverage on the 40th anniversary of the killings.
The program included an in-depth interview with Linda Kasabian, who spoke publicly for the first time since a 1989 appearance on "A Current Affair", an American television news magazine.
Also included in the History Channel program were interviews with Vincent Bugliosi, Catherine Share, and Debra Tate, sister of Sharon.
As the 40th anniversary of the Tate–LaBianca murders approached, in July 2009, "Los Angeles" magazine published an "oral history" in which former Family members, law enforcement officers, and others involved with Manson, the arrests, and the trials offered their recollections of — and observations on — the events that made Manson notorious.
In the article, Juan Flynn, a Spahn Ranch worker who had become associated with Manson and the Family, said, "Charles Manson got away with everything.
People will say, 'He's in jail.'