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See Comparison of USA and UK secondary school years (except Scotland)
It is not uncommon in Chile to use the word "liceo" when referring to a high school.
Another term is "enseñanza media" (secondary education); however, "liceo" is the most common term due to Chile's extensive European influence.
Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact
The , also known as the , was a neutrality pact (non-aggression pact) between the Soviet Union and Japan signed on April 13, 1941, two years after the conclusion of the Soviet-Japanese Border War.
The pact was signed to ensure the neutrality between the Soviet Union and Japan during World War II, in which both countries participated.
After the Fall of France and the subsequent expansion of the Axis Powers, the Soviet Union wished to mend its diplomatic relations in the Far East in order to safeguard its eastern border and concentrate on the European theatre of war.
On the other hand, Japan, bogged down in a seemingly interminable war with China and with diplomatic relations with the United States rapidly deteriorating, sought an accommodation with the Soviet Union that would improve its international standing and secure the northern frontier of Manchukuo against possible Soviet invasion.
Stalin was initially unaware of Hitler's briefing to his generals that an attack on the Soviet Union by the European Axis Powers would enable Japan to challenge the United States overtly.
This briefing was based on the belief that if such an attack occurred, the Soviet Union would be too preoccupied with fighting Germany, thus making Japan feel less threatened by any possible Soviet invasion of Manchukuo, allowing Japan to have enough provisions and capabilities to start a war with the United States.
This treaty would allow both Japan and the Soviet Union to avoid fighting on multiple fronts.
Stalin believed that his "problems can be solved in a natural way if the Soviets and the Japanese cooperate".
After concluding the nonaggression treaty, Stalin, in an unprecedented gesture, saw Foreign Minister Yosuke Matsuoka off at the train station.
This was symbolic of the importance Stalin attached to the treaty; it also provided him with the occasion – in the presence of the entire diplomatic corps – to invite negotiations with Germany while flaunting his increased bargaining power.
The treaty was signed in Moscow on April 13, 1941, by Foreign Minister Yosuke Matsuoka and Ambassador Yoshitsugu Tatekawa for Japan and Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov for the Soviet Union.
On the same day, the same people also signed a declaration regarding Mongolia and Manchukuo.
The Soviet Union pledged to respect the territorial integrity and inviolability of Manchukuo, while Japan did the same for Mongolia.
Later in 1941, Japan, as a signatory of the Tripartite Pact, considered denouncing the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact, especially after Germany invaded the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa), but made the crucial decision to keep it and to expand southwards invading the European colonies in Southeast Asia instead.
This had a direct bearing on the Battle of Moscow, where the absence of a Japanese threat enabled the Soviets to move large forces from Siberia and throw them into the fighting against the Germans.
It is possible that had Stalingrad fallen, Japan would have invaded Siberia.
General Tomoyuki Yamashita, known for his achievements in the Battle of Singapore, was sent to Manchuria in July 1942, and he may have been tasked with organizing the troops for the invasion.
At the Yalta Conference in February 1945, Stalin agreed to enter the war against Japan in exchange for American and British recognition of certain Soviet territorial claims in Asia.
The deadline for this promised action was three months after the end of World War II in Europe.
The deal was kept secret.
On April 5, 1945, the Soviet Union denounced the pact with Japan, informing the Japanese government that "in accordance with Article Three of the above mentioned pact, which envisaged the right of denunciation one year before the lapse of the five-year period of operation of the pact, the Soviet Government hereby makes known to the Government of Japan its wish to denounce the pact of April 13, 1941."
The wording of the denunciation suggested that the Soviet Union wished to see the treaty go out of effect immediately, and "Time" magazine reported that the Soviet Foreign Commissar's tone indicated that the Soviet Union might go to war with Japan soon.
However, the text of the treaty stated that the pact remained in force until one year after declaration of denunciation by one party, that is April 1946.
When pressed by the Japanese Ambassador Naotake Sato, Molotov confirmed that the treaty did remain in force until April 1946.
On May 8/9, 1945 (the date depending on the time zone), Nazi Germany surrendered, ending the war in Europe and starting the secret three-month countdown for Soviet commencement of hostilities against Japan.
On August 9, 1945, just after midnight Manchurian time, the Soviets invaded Manchuria.
The declaration of war against Japan followed nearly six hours later.
Because of the time zone difference of 7 hours, the declaration of war could be still dated August 8, 1945, being presented to the Japanese ambassador in Moscow at 11 p.m. Moscow time.
In this last campaign of the war, Soviet territorial gains on the continent were Manchukuo, Mengjiang (Inner Mongolia) and northern Korea.
Pact (disambiguation)
A pact is a formal agreement.
Pact, The Pact or PACT may also refer to:
Vana
Vana (or with diacrits, e.g.
Váňa) may refer to:
William Sutcliffe
William Sutcliffe (born 9 March 1971) is a British novelist.
He has written many acclaimed novels, spanning genres from satire to YA fiction.
His book Whatever Makes Happy has been adapted into a film by Netflix, under the title Otherhood.
Sutcliffe's novels could be categorised as humorous.
"New Boy" has much authentic material in it that refers to actual incidents from his life at Haberdashers', although it would be going too far to call it "autobiographical".
His next novel focuses on a 10-year-old growing up in a North London suburb with his family, and the plot centres on the complex knot of his childhood friendships.
Sutcliffe's 2008 book "Whatever Makes You Happy" (2008) is about interfering mothers of men who refuse to grow up.
This has recently been adapted into a film by Netflix, under the new title "Otherhood".
His first young adult novel, " The Wall" (2013), tells of a boy in Israel's occupied territories whose discovery of a tunnel underneath the barrier wall sets off a spiraling chain of events after he goes under and is saved from his attackers by a girl on the other side.
Following on from the success of his first YA novel, Sutcliffe wrote his second, "Concentr8", in (2015).
In 2009, he donated the short story "Sandcastles: A Negotiation" to Oxfam's 'Ox-Tales' project, four collections of UK stories written by 38 authors.
Sutcliffe's story was published in the 'Fire' collection.
More recently, Sutcliffe has been writing more humorous books for a younger audience, with his "Circus of Thieves" trilogy.
He has also written a humorous novel for teenagers, "The Gifted, the Talented and Me".
The book had an extremely good reception, gaining positive reviews in many newspapers.
Sutcliffe was born in 1971, in London.
He was educated at Haberdashers' Aske's School and Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where he read English literature.
He later worked as a TV researcher before becoming a novelist.
He now lives in Edinburgh with his wife the novelist Maggie O'Farrell, and their three children.
Books for Adults
Books for Adults and Young Adults
Books for Younger Readers
Cola (disambiguation)
Cola is a type of soft drink.
Cola may also refer to:
Audio control surface
In the domain of digital audio, a control surface is a human interface device (HID) which allows the user to control a digital audio workstation or other digital audio application.
Generally, a control surface will contain one or more controls that can be assigned to parameters in the software, allowing tactile control of the software.
As digital audio software is complex and can play any number of functions in the audio chain, control surfaces can be used to control many aspects of music production, including virtual instruments, samplers, signal processors, mixers, DJ software, and music sequencers.
Since control surfaces are designed to perform different functions, they vary widely in size, shape and number and type of controls.
A basic control surface for mixing resembles a traditional analogue mixing console, featuring faders, knobs (rotary encoders), and buttons that can be assigned to parameters in the software.
Other control surfaces are designed to give a musician control over the sequencer while recording, and thus provide transport controls (remote control of record, playback and song position).
Control surfaces are often incorporated into MIDI controllers to give the musician more control over an instrument.
Control surfaces with motorized faders can read and write mix automation.
The control surface connects to the host computer via many different interfaces.
MIDI was the first major interface created for this purpose, although many devices now use USB, FireWire, or Ethernet.
Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin
Sturgeon Bay is a city in and the county seat of Door County, Wisconsin, United States.
The population was 9,144 at the 2010 census.
It is located at the natural end of Sturgeon Bay, although the Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal was built across the remainder of the Door Peninsula.
The area was originally inhabited by the Ho-Chunk and Menominee.
The town is known in the Menominee language as "Namāēw-Wīhkit", or "bay of the sturgeon".
The Menominee ceded this territory to the United States in the 1836 Treaty of the Cedars following years of negotiations with the Ho-Chunk and the U.S. government over how to accommodate the incoming populations of Oneida, Stockbridge-Munsee, and Brothertown peoples who had been removed from New York.
After that, the area was available for white settlement.
In 1874, Sturgeon Bay was incorporated as a village.
It became a city in 1883.
In 1891, Charles Mitchell Whiteside (1854–1924), member of the Wisconsin Assembly, sponsored a bill that merged the community of Sawyer, Wisconsin with Sturgeon Bay.
Sturgeon Bay is located at (44.813376, -87.372076).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water.
Sturgeon Bay has a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb).
The city experiences warm summers and cold snowy winters, with an average temperature ranging from in the summer down to in the winter.
As of the census of 2010, there were 9,144 people, 4,288 households and 2,385 families.
The population density was .
There were 4,903 housing units at an average density of .
The racial makeup of the city was 95.1% White, 1.0% African American, 0.9% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 1.0% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races.
Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.7% of the population.
There were 4,288 households of which 24.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.5% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.4% were non-families.
38.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
The average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 2.74.
The median age in the city was 45.2 years.