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23580636 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racquetball%20at%20the%20Pan%20American%20Games | Racquetball at the Pan American Games | Racquetball has been part of the Pan American Games since 1995 Games in Mar del Plata, Argentina, although it was not included in the 2007 Games. Racquetball was again included in the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Mexico, 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto, Ontario, and 2019 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru. Racquetball is on the program for the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile. The United States dominated the racquetball events in the first three games, but Mexico has been the dominant country in the last three games, winning all nine gold medals in the women's events and five of the nine gold medals in the men's events.
Medal table
Men
Singles
Doubles
Team
Women
Singles
Doubles
Team
Events
External links
International Racquetball Federation website
Sports at the Pan American Games
Pan American Games |
23580643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel%20Premasiri | Lionel Premasiri | Peduru Hewage Lionel Premasiri is a Sri Lankan politician. He was a former representative of Galle District in the Parliament of Sri Lanka.
He studied at Mahinda College, Galle. He became a lawyer and then entered the politics from Sri Lanka Freedom Party and became the mayor of Galle. Later due to some discrepancies, he joined the United National Party and then became the mayor of Galle again. He became a member of Parliament in 2004 from United National Party. He was one of the first UNP politicians to join the Government of United People's Freedom Alliance. He was the deputy minister of Social Services and Social Welfare in the previous UPFA government.
References
1962 births
Living people
Mayors of Galle
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
United National Party politicians
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
Alumni of Mahinda College
People from Galle |
6905518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%20beam-induced%20current | Electron beam-induced current | Electron-beam-induced current (EBIC) is a semiconductor analysis technique performed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). It is used to identify buried junctions or defects in semiconductors, or to examine minority carrier properties. EBIC is similar to cathodoluminescence in that it depends on the creation of electron–hole pairs in the semiconductor sample by the microscope's electron beam. This technique is used in semiconductor failure analysis and solid-state physics.
Physics of the technique
If the semiconductor sample contains an internal electric field, as will be present in the depletion region at a p-n junction or Schottky junction, the electron–hole pairs will be separated by drift due to the electric field. If the p- and n-sides (or semiconductor and Schottky contact, in the case of a Schottky device) are connected through a picoammeter, a current will flow.
EBIC is best understood by analogy: in a solar cell, photons of light fall on the entire cell, thus delivering energy and creating electron hole pairs, and cause a current to flow. In EBIC, energetic electrons take the role of the photons, causing the EBIC current to flow. However, because the electron beam of an SEM or STEM is very small, it is scanned across the sample and variations in the induced EBIC are used to map the electronic activity of the sample.
By using the signal from the picoammeter as the imaging signal, an EBIC image is formed on the screen of the SEM or STEM. When a semiconductor device is imaged in cross-section, the depletion region will show bright EBIC contrast. The shape of the contrast can be treated mathematically to determine the minority carrier properties of the semiconductor, such as diffusion length and surface recombination velocity. In plain-view, areas with good crystal quality will show bright contrast, and areas containing defects will show dark EBIC contrast.
As such, EBIC is a semiconductor analysis technique useful for evaluating minority carrier properties and defect populations.
EBIC can be used to probe subsurface hetero-junctions of nanowires and the properties of minority carriers .
EBIC has also been extended to the study of local defects in insulators. For example, W.S. Lau (Lau Wai Shing) developed "true oxide electron beam induced current" in the 1990s. Thus, besides p-n junction or Schottky junction, EBIC can also be applied to MOS diodes. Local defects in semiconductor and local defects in the insulator could be distinguished. There exists a kind of defect which originates in the silicon substrate and extends into the insulator on top of the silicon substrate. (Please see references below.)
Recently, EBIC has been applied to high-k dielectric used in advanced CMOS technology.
Quantitative EBIC
Most EBIC images are qualitative and only show the EBIC signal as contrast image. Use of an external scan control generator on the SEM and a dedicated data acquisition system allow for sub-picoamp measurements and can give quantitative results. Some systems are commercially available that do this, and provide the ability to provide functional imaging by biasing and applying gate voltages to semiconductor devices.
References
(Review Article)
(Note: EBIC was performed on advanced high-k gate stack even though it is not obvious by reading the title of the paper.)
Electron beam
Scientific techniques
Semiconductor device fabrication
Semiconductor analysis |
23580645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal%20rent | Internal rent | Internal rent is a form of transfer pricing where a company owning its own premises forces single departments in that company to pay rent for the real estate they use. This is typically organized by one department—the holding department—functioning as a landlord, while the other departments—the occupying departments—functioning as tenants.
One study lists two advantages with internal rents:
It requires the occupying department to "contribute" an amount to the business equivalent to the open market rental value of the space that it occupies. This prevents the treating of space as a free good and, as an individual profit centre, each department will then rationalise its holdings to minimise its costs.
The second advantage is from a strategic viewpoint: by charging an asset rent, the holding department can identify the performance of its real estate holdings. This can then be compared to an internal or external benchmark to help determine whether the company has adopted the most efficient tenure pattern for its properties.
References
Renting |
44499774 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20record%20progression%20track%20cycling%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20flying%20200%20m%20time%20trial | World record progression track cycling – Men's flying 200 m time trial | This is an overview of the progression of the World track cycling record of the men's flying 200 m time trial as recognised by the Union Cycliste Internationale.
Progression
Professionals (1955–1990)
Amateurs (1954–1990)
Open (from 1990)
References
Track cycling world record progressions |
23580650 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L.%20G.%20Wasantha%20Piyatissa | L. G. Wasantha Piyatissa | L. G. Wasantha Piyatissa is a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians |
23580652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.%20P.%20A.%20Ranaweera%20Pathirana | R. P. A. Ranaweera Pathirana | R. P. A. Ranaweera Pathirana is a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna politicians
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians |
44499799 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20F.%20C.%20Wright | J. F. C. Wright | James Frederick Church Wright (1904–1970) was a Canadian journalist and historian, who won the Governor General's Award for English-language non-fiction at the 1940 Governor General's Awards for Slava Bohu, a historical account of Canada's Doukhobor community.
Born in Wiltshire, England in 1904 to Canadian parents who were travelling there, he was raised in Minnedosa, Manitoba. He held a variety of jobs before joining the Saskatoon Star-Phoenix as a journalist, remaining there for seven years. At the time of his Governor General's Award win, he was working in Ottawa, Ontario as a fireman, but later took a scriptwriting job with the National Film Board. He married Diana Kingsmill in 1944 while living in Ottawa, and the couple later moved back to Saskatoon.
Active in the Saskatchewan chapter of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation, the Wrights became co-editors of Union Farmer, the newspaper of the Saskatchewan Farmers' Union, in 1950.
Wright's later books included All Clear, Canada! (1944), Co-operative Farming in Saskatchewan (1949), Saskatchewan's North (1953), Saskatchewan: The History of a Province (1955), Prairie Progress: Consumer Co-operation in Saskatchewan (1956) and The Louise Lucas Story: This Time Tomorrow (1965).
He committed suicide in 1970.
References
1904 births
1970 suicides
Canadian newspaper reporters and correspondents
Canadian newspaper editors
Canadian male journalists
Canadian male non-fiction writers
Governor General's Award-winning non-fiction writers
Suicides in Saskatchewan
Writers from Manitoba
Writers from Saskatoon
20th-century Canadian historians
20th-century Canadian male writers |
23580654 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo%20Galdames%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201974%29 | Pablo Galdames (footballer, born 1974) | Pablo Manuel Galdames Díaz (; born 26 June 1974 in Santiago de Chile) is a Chilean former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He obtained a total number of 22 caps for the Chile national team, scoring two goals between 1995 and 2001.
At the club level, Galdames played for Unión Española and Universidad de Chile in his home country, Cruz Azul and CD Veracruz in Mexico, Colombian side América de Cali, as well as Racing Club, Quilmes AC and Instituto Atlético Central Córdoba from Argentina.
Personal life
He is the father of the Chilean footballers Pablo Jr. and Thomas and of the Mexican-Chilean footballer Benjamín. He is also the father of Mathías Galdames, who is the half-brother of Pablo Jr., Thomas and Benjamín.
Political views
He is member of the Independent Regionalist Party (PRI) and in 2017 he supported the presidential candidacy of Sebastián Piñera. Likewise, he was candidate for a seat in the Chamber of Deputies representing the 8th district.
Notes
Honours
Club
Unión Española
Copa Chile (1): 1993
Universidad de Chile
Primera División de Chile (2): 1999, 2000
Copa Chile (2): 1998, 2000
References
External Links
Pablo Galdames at PartidosdeLaRoja
1974 births
Living people
Footballers from Santiago
Chilean footballers
Chilean expatriate footballers
Chile international footballers
1995 Copa América players
2001 Copa América players
Unión Española footballers
Universidad de Chile footballers
Cruz Azul footballers
C.D. Veracruz footballers
Racing Club de Avellaneda footballers
Quilmes Atlético Club footballers
América de Cali footballers
Instituto footballers
Chilean Primera División players
Liga MX players
Argentine Primera División players
Categoría Primera A players
Primera Nacional players
Chilean expatriate sportspeople in Mexico
Chilean expatriate sportspeople in Argentina
Chilean expatriate sportspeople in Colombia
Expatriate footballers in Mexico
Expatriate footballers in Argentina
Expatriate footballers in Colombia
Association football midfielders
Chilean politicians
Politicians from Santiago
Chilean sportsperson-politicians
Independent Regionalist Party politicians |
44499812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jose%20P.%20Laurel%20Residence | Jose P. Laurel Residence | The Jose P. Laurel Residence or Villa Pacencia is a historic house located at 515 Shaw Boulevard in Mandaluyong, Metro Manila. The three-story house was built in 1957 and was one of the three houses owned by the President of the Second Republic of the Philippines, José P. Laurel.
In 1965, two historical markers were installed at the house entrance. The first marker was placed by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines in recognition of the building as the official residence of Jose P. Laurel. The second marker notes of the First Indonesian President Sukarno's stay in the mansion during a Manila Conference on August 5, 1963.
History
Construction
Years after serving his term as president of the second republic from 1943 to 1945, Jose P. Laurel built a three-story house near the Wack Wack Golf and Country Club that occupied 1,000 square meters of the land once overrun with cogon. The house was named Villa Pacencia in honor of his wife, Pacencia Hidalgo y Valencia.
Site of Political Events
The house was the venue of several political events. In 1957, Laurel hosted a luncheon at the mansion in honor of James Langley, a New Hampshire newspaper publisher. Laurel and Langley signed the Laurel-Langley Agreement in 1954, which amended the Bell Trade Act of 1946 and provided for an increase in the duties imposed on U.S. products and a decrease in the duties imposed on Philippine goods.
On August 5, 1963, the first Indonesian President Sukarno stayed at the mansion during his working visit in the Philippines for the Manila Summit Conference on Maphilindo. A marker with Filipino and Bahasa Indonesia text was installed at the house entrance on March 9, 1965 documenting this historical event.
The mansion became the de facto Nacionalist Party headquarters when José Laurel, Jr. acquired the property after his father's death on November 1959.
Present
The Laurel family sold the property to former Senator and Nacionalista Party President, Manny Villar, and to his wife, Senator Cynthia Villar. Vista Shaw of Vista Land and Lifescapes, Inc., a real estate company owned by Manny Villar, plans on converting the mansion into a museum, housing various memorabilia from José P. Laurel.
See also
Jose P. Laurel Ancestral House (Manila)
References
Houses in Metro Manila
Cultural Properties of the Philippines in Metro Manila
Buildings and structures in Mandaluyong
José P. Laurel |
6905528 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Ashanti%20wars | Anglo-Ashanti wars | The Anglo-Ashanti wars were a series of five conflicts that took place between 1824 and 1900 between the Ashanti Empire—in the Akan interior of the Gold Coast—and the British Empire and its African allies. Though the Ashanti emerged victorious in some of these conflicts, the British ultimately prevailed in the fourth and fifth conflicts, resulting in the complete annexation of the Ashanti Empire by 1900. The wars were mainly due to Ashanti attempts to establish a stronghold over the coastal areas of present-day Ghana. Coastal peoples such as the Fante and the Ga came to rely on British protection against Ashanti incursions.
Earlier wars
The British fought three earlier wars in the Gold Coast:
In the Ashanti-Fante War of 1806–07, the British refused to hand over two rebels pursued by the Ashanti, but eventually handed one over (the other escaped).
In the Ga-Fante War of 1811, the Ashanti sought to aid their Ga allies in a war against the Fante and their British allies. The Ashanti army won the initial battles but was forced back by guerilla fighting from the Fante. The Ashanti captured a British fort at Tantamkweri.
In the Ashanti-Akim-Akwapim War of 1814–16 the Ashanti defeated the Akim-Akwapim alliance. Local British, Dutch, Polish, and Danish authorities all had to come to terms with the Ashanti. By 1817, the Ashanti were expanding with an army of about 20,000, so the (British) African Company of Merchants signed a treaty of friendship that recognized Ashanti claims to sovereignty over much of the coast. The African Company of Merchants was dissolved in 1821 and the British government assumed control of the trading forts on the Gold Coast from the merchants.
First Anglo-Ashanti War, 1823–1831
By the 1820s, the British had decided to support the Fanti Fante against Ashanti raids from inland. Economic and social friction played their part in the causes for the outbreak of violence.
The immediate cause of the war happened when a group of Ashanti kidnapped and murdered an African serviceman of the Royal African Corps on 1 February 1823.A small British group was led into a trap which resulted in 10 killed, 39 wounded and a British retreat. The Ashanti tried to negotiate but the British governor, Sir Charles MacCarthy, rejected Ashanti claims to Fanti areas of the coast and resisted overtures by the Ashanti to negotiate.
MacCarthy led an invading force from the Cape Coast in two columns. The governor was in the first group of 500, which lost contact with the second column when they encountered the Ashanti army of around 10,000 on 22 January 1824, in the battle of Nsamankow. The British ran out of ammunition, suffered losses and were overrun. Almost all the British force were killed immediately while 20 managed to escape.
MacCarthy, along with the ensign and his secretary, attempted to fall back; he was wounded by gunfire, however, and killed by a second shot shortly thereafter. Ensign Wetherell was killed while trying to defend MacCarthy's body. Williams was taken prisoner for several months and on his release narrated that he was spared death when an Ashanti sub-chief recognised and spared his life due to a previous favour Williams had shown him. Williams was held prisoner for several months in a hut which also held the decapitated heads of MacCarthy and Wetherell.
MacCarthy's skull was rimmed with gold and was purportedly used as a drinking-cup by Ashanti rulers. An eye-witness stated he "saw ensign Wetherell, who appeared also to have been wounded, lying close to MacCarthy. Some of the Ashantis were attempting to cut off his head, and had already inflicted one gash on the back of his neck; luckily at this crisis an Ashanti of authority came up and recognising Williams, from whom he had received some kindness, withheld the hand of the assailant. On Williams's recovering his senses, he saw the headless trunks of MacCarthy, Buckle, and Wetherell. During his captivity he was lodged under a thatched shed in the same rooms as the heads which, owing to some peculiar process, were in a perfect state of preservation."
Major Alexander Gordon Laing returned to Britain with news of their fate. The Ashanti swept down to the coast, but disease forced them back. The new governor of the Gold Coast, John Hope Smith, started to gather a new army, mainly comprising natives, including Denkyiras, many of the traditional enemies of the Ashanti. In August 1826, the governor heard that the Ashanti were planning on attacking Accra. A defensive position was prepared on the open plain about north of Accra and the 11,000 men waited.
On 7 August, the Ashanti army appeared and attacked the centre of the British line where the best troops were held, which included some Royal Marines, the militia and a battery of Congreve rockets. The battle dissolved into hand-to-hand fighting but the Ashanti force were not doing well on their flanks whilst they looked like winning in the centre. Then the rockets were fired. The novelty of the weapons, the explosions, rocket trails, and grievous wounds caused by flying metal shards caused the Ashanti to fall back. Soon they fled leaving thousands of casualties on the field. In 1831, the Pra River was accepted as the border in a treaty.
Second Anglo-Ashanti War
The second Anglo-Ashanti War took place between 1863 and 1864. In 1863, a large Ashanti force crossed the Pra River in search of a fugitive, Kwesi Gyana. British, African and Indian troops responded but neither side claimed victory as illness took more casualties on both sides than the actual fighting. The Second War ended in 1864 and the result was a stalemate.
Third Anglo-Ashanti War 1873–1874
The Third Anglo-Ashanti War, also known as the "First Ashanti Expedition", lasted from 1873 to 1875. In 1869, a German missionary family and a Swiss missionary had been taken from Togo to Kumasi. They were still being held in 1873.
The British Gold Coast was formally established in 1867 and in 1872, Britain expanded their territory when they purchased the Dutch Gold Coast from the Dutch, including Elmina which was claimed by the Ashanti. The Dutch had signed the Treaty of Butre in 1656 with the Ahanta. The treaty's arrangements proved very stable and regulated Dutch-Ahanta diplomatic affairs for more than 213 years. This all changed with the sale of the Dutch Gold Coast. The Ashanti invaded the new British protectorate.
General Garnet Wolseley was sent against the Ashanti with 2,500 British troops and several thousand West Indian and African troops (including some Fante) and subsequently became a household name in Britain. The war was covered by war correspondents, including Henry Morton Stanley and G. A. Henty. Military and medical instructions were printed for the troops. The British government refused appeals to interfere with British arms manufacturers who sold to both sides.
Road building
Wolseley was appointed on 13 August 1873 and went to the Gold Coast to make his plans before the arrival of his troops in January 1874. On 27 September 1873 a team of Royal Engineers landed at Cape Coast Castle. Their job was to expand the single file track that led to Coomassie, away, into a road that was suitable for troop movements. At the end of each day's march, roughly every a fortified camp would be built with long huts inside a stockade in an area that had been cleared of trees and undergrowth to provide some protection against hostile natives.
Bridges were built across streams using trees, bamboo and creepers for ropes and a major bridge across the -wide River Prah was built using pre-manufactured pieces brought from Chatham, England. In total 237 bridges would be built. Some of the camps were larger—Prahsue, next to the bridge had a medical hut and a tower on a mound, stores, forge, telegraph office and post office. It was stocked with 400 tons of food and 1.1m rounds of ammunition. The labour was supplied locally. To start the workers did not know how to use European tools and were liable to vanish into the forest if they heard a rumour that the Ashanti were nearby. Sickness, despite taking quinine daily, claimed the European engineers. Even so, the road progressed. By 24 January a telegraph line reached Prahsue.
The first troops arrived in late December and on 1 January 1874 started marching along the road to the front, half a battalion at a time. The troops comprised a battalion each from the Black Watch, the Rifle Brigade and Royal Welsh Fusiliers, along with the 1st and 2nd West India Regiments, a Naval Brigade, two native regiments, Royal Artillery, Royal Engineers and Royal Marines. By 29 January, the road was more than half completed and they were close to Ashanti outposts. Skirmishing between the two forces began. Wolseley prepared to fight a battle.
Battle
The Battle of Amoaful was fought on 31 January. A road was cut to the village and the Black Watch led the way, forming square in the clearing with the Rifle Brigade, while flanking columns moved around the village. With the pipes playing "The Campbells Are Coming" the Black Watch charged with bayonets and the shocked Ashantis fled. The flank columns were slow moving in the jungle and the Ashantis moved around them in their normal horseshoe formation and attacked the camp to the rear. The Royal Engineers defended themselves until relieved by the Rifle Brigade. Although there was another small battle two days later, the Battle of Ordashu, the action had been decisive and the route to Kumasi was open. There were three killed and 165 wounded Europeans, one killed and 29 African troops wounded.
The capital, Kumasi, was abandoned by the Ashanti when the British arrived on 4 February and was briefly occupied by the British. They demolished the royal palace with explosives, leaving Kumasi a heap of smouldering ruins. The British were impressed by the size of the palace and the scope of its contents, including "rows of books in many languages."
The Ashanti signed the Treaty of Fomena in July 1874 to end the war. Among articles of the treaty between H.M. Queen Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland and Kofi Karikari, King of Ashanti were that "The King of Ashanti promises to pay the sum of 50,000 ounces of approved gold as indemnity for the expenses he has occasioned to Her Majesty the Queen of England by the late war..." The treaty also required an end to human sacrifice and stated that "There shall be freedom of trade between Ashanti and Her Majesty's forts on the [Gold Coast], all persons being at liberty to carry their merchandise from the Coast to Kumasi, or from that place to any of Her Majesty's possessions on the Coast." Furthermore, the treaty stated that "The King of Ashanti guarantees that the road from Kumasi to the River Pra shall always be kept open..." Wolseley completed the campaign in two months, and re-embarked for home before the unhealthy season began.
Wolseley was promoted and showered with honours. British casualties were 18 dead from combat and 55 from disease (70%), with 185 wounded.
Some British accounts pay tribute to the hard fighting of the Ashanti at Amoaful, particularly the tactical insight of their commander, Amankwatia: "The great Chief Amankwatia was among the killed [...] Admirable skill was shown in the position selected by Amankwatia, and the determination and generalship he displayed in the defence fully bore out his great reputation as an able tactician and gallant soldier."
The campaign is also notable for the first recorded instance of a traction engine being employed on active service. Steam sapper number 8 (made by Aveling and Porter) was shipped out and assembled at Cape Coast Castle. As a traction engine it had limited success hauling heavy loads up the beach, but gave good service when employed as a stationary engine driving a large circular saw.
Before the 1873 war, Wolseley had campaigned for a more comfortable clothing for hot climates and in this war had managed to get his troops kitted out in a better uniform.
Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War
The Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War, also known as the "Second Ashanti Expedition", was brief, lasting only from 26 December 1895 to 4 February 1896. The Ashanti turned down an unofficial offer to become a British protectorate in 1891, extending to 1894. The British also wanted to establish a British resident in Kumasi. The Ashanti King Prempeh I refused to surrender his sovereignty. Wanting to keep French and German forces out of Ashanti territory (and its gold), the British were anxious to conquer the Ashanti once and for all. The Ashanti sent a delegation to London offering concessions on its gold, cocoa and rubber trade as well as submission to the crown. The British however had already made their minds up on a military solution, they were on their way, the delegation only returning to Kumasi a few days before the troops marched in.
Colonel Sir Francis Scott left Cape Coast with the main expeditionary force of British and West Indian troops, Maxim guns and 75mm artillery in December 1895, and travelling along the remnants of the 1874 road arrived in Kumasi in January 1896. Major Robert Baden-Powell led a native levy of several local tribes in the campaign. The Asantehene directed the Ashanti not to resist, but casualties from sickness among the British troops were high. Soon, Governor William Maxwell arrived in Kumasi as well. Asantehene Agyeman Prempeh was unable or unwilling to pay the 50,000 ounces of gold so was arrested and deposed. He was forced to sign a treaty of protection, and with other Ashanti leaders was sent into exile in the Seychelles.
Baden-Powell published a diary of life giving the reasons, as he saw them, for the war: To put an end to human sacrifice. To put a stop to slave-trading and raiding. To ensure peace and security for the neighbouring tribes. To settle the country and protect the development of trade. To get paid up the balance of the war indemnity. He also believed that if a smaller force had been sent, there would have been bloodshed. Prempeh I was banished to the Seychelles. Eleven years later, the Boy Scouts were started by B-P. Later still, after Prempeh was released and returned home, he became Chief Scout of Ashanti.
The British force left Kumasi on 22 January 1896, arriving back at the coast two weeks later. Not a shot had been fired but 18 Europeans were dead and 50% of the troops were sick. Among the dead was Queen Victoria's son-in-law, Prince Henry of Battenberg, who was taken ill before getting to Kumasi and died on 20 January on board ship, returning to England. In 1897 Ashanti territory became a British protectorate.
Fifth War or "War of the Golden Stool"
Technology was reaching the Gold Coast, a railway to Kumasi was started in 1898 but had not progressed far when another war broke out. The railway was to be completed in 1903.
In the War of the Golden Stool (1900), also known as the "Third Ashanti Expedition", on 25 March 1900, the British representative, Sir Frederick Mitchell Hodgson committed a political error by insisting he should sit on the Golden Stool, not understanding that it was the Royal throne and very sacred to the Ashanti. He ordered a search be made for it. The Ashanti, enraged by this act, attacked the soldiers engaged in the search.
The British retreated to a small stockade, square with loopholed high stone walls and firing turrets at each corner, where 8 Europeans, dozens of mixed-race colonial administrators, and 500 Nigerian Hausas with six small field guns and four Maxim guns defended themselves. The British detained several high-ranking leaders in the fort. The stockade was besieged and the telegraph wires cut. A rescue party of 700 arrived in June, but many sick men in the fort could not be evacuated. The healthier men escaped, including Hodgson and his wife and 100 Hausas, and meeting up with the rescue party, managed to avoid the 12,000 Ashanti warriors and make it back to the coast.
On 14 July a second relief force of 1,000 made it to Kumasi having fought several engagements along the route, relieving the fort on 15 July when they only had a few days of supplies left. The remaining Ashanti court not exiled to the Seychelles had mounted the offensive against the British and Fanti troops resident at the Kumasi Fort, but were defeated.
Yaa Asantewaa, the Queen-Mother of Ejisu, who had led the rebellion, King Prempeh I, and other Ashanti leaders were also sent to the Seychelles. The Ashanti territories became part of the Gold Coast colony on 1 January 1902, on the condition that the Golden Stool would not be violated by British or other non-Akan foreigners. The Ashanti claimed a victory as they had not lost their sacred stool. In September the British sent flying columns out to visit neighbouring peoples who had supported the rebellion, resulting in a number of skirmishes.
The British and their allies suffered 1,070 fatalities in total. The Ashanti casualties are estimated to have been around 2,000. The sacred golden stool, which is depicted on the Ashanti flag, had been well hidden and was only discovered by road workers by accident in 1920. King Prempeh I returned from exile in 1924, travelling to Kumasi by a special train.
Awards
Four awards were made of the Victoria Cross, for Gallantry in the period 1873-74 and two for the 1900 campaign. (see List of Victoria Cross recipients by campaign)
An Ashanti Medal was created for those involved in the War of the Golden Stool. This expedition lasted from March – September 1900. It was issued as a Silver or bronze Medal.
Footnote
After the 1896 Expedition, King Prempeh was exiled to the Seychelles. Eleven years later, Baden-Powell created the Boy Scout Movement. King Prempeh was released from exile and restored to Ashanti, and became Patron of Ashanti Scouts.
See also
List of rulers of Asante
History of Ghana
African military systems after 1800
References
Bibliography
Further reading
Agbodeka, Francis (1971). African Politics and British Policy in the Gold Coast, 1868–1900: A Study in the Forms and Force of Protest. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press. .
McCarthy, Mary (1983). Social Change and the Growth of British Power in the Gold Coast: The Fante States, 1807–1874. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. .
Messenger, Charles, ed. Reader's Guide to Military History (2001) pp. 570–71 excerpt, historiography.
Wilks, Ivor (1975). Asante in the Nineteenth Century: The Structure and Evolution of a Political Order. London: Cambridge University Press. .
External links
– historical fiction
Ashanti Empire
Wars involving the states and peoples of Africa
Wars involving the United Kingdom
Wars involving the Ashanti Empire
History of Ghana
19th-century conflicts
19th century in Africa
19th-century military history of the United Kingdom
African resistance to colonialism |
44499839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%20You%20Believe%20in%20Magic%3F%20%28book%29 | Do You Believe in Magic? (book) | Do You Believe in Magic? The Sense and Nonsense of Alternative Medicine – called Killing Us Softly: The Sense and Nonsense of Alternative Medicine in the United Kingdom – is a 2013 book about alternative medicine by Paul Offit, an American expert of infectious diseases and vaccines. It was published in the United States by HarperCollins (255 pages) and in the UK by Fourth Estate (20 June 2013, 336 pages).
Content
The book criticizes alternative medical treatments as ineffective, particularly vitamins and dietary supplements. Among the supplements of which Offit is critical in the book is the use of Vitamin C to treat the common cold, which also leads him to criticize Linus Pauling for promoting vitamin C for this purpose. In the book, Offit also attributes much of alternative medicine's effectiveness to the placebo effect, which is the subject of one of the book's chapters. He also notes that alternative medical treatments can have serious side effects, such as paralysis resulting from chiropractic and viral infections caused by acupuncture. Among the individual doctors Offit criticizes in the book are Joseph Mercola and Rashid Buttar, as well as Andrew Weil and Deepak Chopra. Offit has said that he wrote the book as a result of an experience in which he had surgery on his left knee, and his doctor recommended that Offit take glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate. Offit then looked for scientific studies on the efficacy of these supplements and found some that indicated they were no more effective than placebo.
Reception
Do You Believe in Magic? was reviewed in the Boston Globe by Suzanne Koven and by Gail Ross in Publishers Weekly. Ross concluded that the book was "a bravely unsentimental and dutifully researched guide for consumers to distinguish between quacks and a cure." Another review appeared in The New Republic, where Jerome Groopman wrote that Offit "writes in a lucid and flowing style, and grounds a wealth of information within forceful and vivid narratives." Victoria Maizes, the director of the Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine, criticized the book's claim that St. John's wort is not an effective treatment for depression, citing a 2008 review that found that it was more effective than placebo. Offit responded in an interview with NPR that the point he was trying to make in the book was only that St. John's wort was not effective for severe depression, and that there have been "some studies of value" with respect to treating moderate depression.
In 2013 Offit was presented with the Robert B. Balles Prize in Critical Thinking by the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSICOP) for Do You Believe in Magic?. "Offit is a literal lifesaver... educates the public about the dangers of alternative medicine, may save many, many more."
References
2013 non-fiction books
Alternative medicine publications
Books by Paul Offit
HarperCollins books |
6905537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili%20shrimp | Chili shrimp | Chili shrimp ( or ) is a dish of stir-fried shrimp in chilli sauce (which may use doubanjiang) in Chinese cuisine. It is a part of Sichuan and Shanghai cuisines.
In Japanese Chinese cuisine, ebi-chiri () is derived from Shanghai-style Szechuan cuisine. It consists of stir-fried shrimp in chilli sauce. It has a history in Japan. According to Iron Chef, ebi-chiri was introduced to and popularized in Japan by Chen Kenmin, father of Iron Chef Chinese Chen Kenichi.
In Korean Chinese cuisine, chili shrimp is called kkansyo-saeu (), a named consisting of the word kkansyo derived from Chinese gān shāo () and saeu meaning "shrimp" in Korean, or chilli-saeu () with the English-derived word chilli.
See also
Chili chicken
List of seafood dishes
Japanese Chinese cuisine
Korean Chinese cuisine
Shrimp dishes
Sichuan cuisine |
6905540 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manor%20%28department%20store%29 | Manor (department store) | Manor AG is a Swiss department store chain with its headquarters in Basel. It is owned by Maus Frères of Geneva, and is Switzerland’s largest department-store chain. It generated total sales of CHF 3 billion in 2013. Manor has been a member of the International Association of Department Stores since 1968.
Company history
Brothers Ernest and Henri Maus together with Léon Nordmann opened their first department store in Lucerne in 1902, under the “Léon Nordmann” name. The more familiar “Manor” – a combination of the founders’ Maus and Nordmann surnames – did not appear until a new corporate identity was adopted in about 1965.
All the company’s department stores in German-speaking Switzerland have borne the Manor name since 1994, and all the stores in the rest of the country have carried the name since September 2000.
Locations
Manor's mainline stores are located in Basel, Geneva, Lausanne, Locarno, Lugano, Luzern & Zürich plus
Aarau, Albis, Ascona, Bachenbülach, Baden, Balerna, Bellinzona, Biasca, Biel/Bienne, Bulle, Bogis, Chur, Delémont, Emmen, Frauenfeld, Fribourg, Haag, Heerbrugg, Hinwil, Ibach, Kreuzlingen, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Langenthal, Liestal, Marin-Epagnier, Monthey, Morges, Nyon, Payerne, Pfaffikon, Rapperswil, Rickenbach, S. Antonino, Sargans, Schaffhausen, Schattdorf, Schönbühl, Sierre, Sion, Solothrun, Spreitenbach, St Gallen, Thun, Vesenaz, Vevey, Vezia, Wattwil, Winterthur, Wohlen, Yverdon-les-bains, & Zug.
See also
List of Swiss companies
References
Retail companies of Switzerland
Companies based in Lucerne
Companies based in Basel
Switzerland
Retail companies established in 1902
Swiss companies established in 1902 |
44499850 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Nigger%20in%20the%20Woodpile | A Nigger in the Woodpile | A Nigger in the Woodpile is a 1904 American silent film, with a runtime of four minutes. The title is derived from the idiom nigger in the woodpile, meaning something is wrong or "off". A copy is in the Black films section of the Library of Congress. The video can also be found on YouTube.
Synopsis
A deacon, played by a white actor in blackface, is constantly stealing firewood from a white farmer. The farmer, with the help of a companion, places a stick of dynamite in one of the blocks, hoping to rid himself of the thievery in this way. When the deacon returns with an older man (also an actor in blackface) to steal wood he is fooled into taking the dynamite with him, hidden in one of the blocks he stole. He goes home where his wife (again played by a male actor in blackface) is cooking. He places three blocks in the fireplace, the last of which contains the dynamite. Shortly after, it explodes, but no one is killed. The farmer and his friend enter and haul off the old man.
The film was shot in a studio in New York City.
Analysis
Writing about the film's racist content, in Migrating to the Movies: Cinema and Black Urban Modernity, author Jacqueline Najuma Stewart states that the blackfaced actors are "wearing costumes signifying their traditional racial "types": Mammy in apron and bandanna; an uppity "colored deacon," striking Zip Coon figure in top hat and tails: and his partner in crime, a harmless, shabbily dressed, white-haired Uncle Remus. The film depicts African Americans as habitual thieves,... And the film's "punitive" ending (a commonplace in early film comedies) functions to bring about narrative closure at the expense of the black transgressors."
See also
List of American films of 1904
References
External links
1904 films
1904 short films
American silent short films
American black-and-white films
1904 comedy films
Blackface minstrel shows and films
Comedy short films
Silent American comedy films
1900s American films |
6905546 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bothwell%20Lodge%20State%20Historic%20Site | Bothwell Lodge State Historic Site | Bothwell Lodge State Historic Site is a state-owned property located north of Sedalia, Missouri, United States, preserving the 31-room, 12,000-square-foot summer home, Bothwell Lodge, built for Sedalia attorney John Homer Bothwell. The site offers tours and trails for hiking and mountain biking. It is administered by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources.
History
John Bothwell purchased the property in 1896, naming it Stonyridge Farm. From 1897 to 1928, Bothwell built the lodge in four phases on top of a rock bluff overlooking a valley. The lodge was intended to be a summer home and is an eclectic combination of various styles with Craftsman influences. One of the eccentricities of the home was an attempt to use a natural cave discovered during construction as a source of natural air conditioning. The limestone used in the home's construction was quarried on site.
A widower for most of his life, Bothwell often invited family and friends to stay at the lodge. It was to this group of individuals that he left the lodge upon his death. The group was named the Bothwell Lodge Club, and the lodge was placed under its control so long as more than five members remained alive. Upon the death of the sixth member (reducing the membership to five), the lodge would be offered to the state. In 1969, the property was officially offered to the state, which accepted the home five years later.
Activities and amenities
In addition to the lodge, the grounds include a garage/home, another separate home, hiking trails, picnicking facilities, and a playground.
References
External links
Bothwell Lodge State Historic Site Missouri Department of Natural Resources
Bothwell Lodge State Historic Site Map Missouri Department of Natural Resources
Missouri State Historic Sites
Protected areas established in 1974
Historic house museums in Missouri
Museums in Pettis County, Missouri
Protected areas of Pettis County, Missouri |
44499862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%AFr%20Karam | Jaïr Karam | Jaïr Karam is a French professional football player and manager. From 2013 to 2018 he coached the French Guiana national football team. Since July 2018 he has been coach of Stade Poitevin.
References
External links
Profile at Soccerway.com
Profile at Soccerpunter.com
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
French Guianan footballers
French Guiana international footballers
Association football goalkeepers
French Guianan football managers
French football managers
French Guiana national football team managers
Place of birth missing (living people)
2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup managers |
6905556 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared%20cirrus | Infrared cirrus | Infrared cirrus or galactic cirrus are galactic filamentary structures seen in space over most of the sky that emit far-infrared light. The name is given because the structures are cloud-like in appearance. These structures were first detected by the Infrared Astronomy Satellite at wavelengths of 60 and 100 micrometres.
See also
Cosmic infrared background
References
External links
Molecular Hydrogen in Infrared Cirrus, Kristen Gillmon, J. Michael Shull, 2006 Abstract
PDF Paper
The Physics of Infrared Cirrus, C. Darren Dowell, Roger H. Hildebrand, Alexandre Lazarian, Michael W. Werner, Ellen Zweibel
Interstellar media |
6905560 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command%20Training%20School | Command Training School | Command Training School of the Royal New Zealand Air Force is the unit responsible for training officer cadets. Graduates are then commissioned as Officers on the completion of their Initial Officer Training Course.
Formerly located at RNZAF Base Wigram, CTS was relocated to RNZAF Base Woodbourne when Wigram was decommissioned in 1995.
Officer Cadets wear distinctive insignia on their uniforms. Their shoulder rank badge consists of a white band that takes up about half the slip-on rankslide. On their service uniform white square tabs are placed on the service uniform jacket collar. The flight cap bears a white flash, but the service hat is the same as that worn by commissioned officers.
Like the enlisted recruits at Command Recruit Training Squadron, CTS Officer Cadets do ten days in-field training at RNZAF Dip Flat.
Units and formations of the Royal New Zealand Air Force
Air force academies |
44499864 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique%20R%C3%A9nia | Dominique Rénia | Dominique Rénia is a French professional football manager. In 2012, he coached the Saint Martin national football team.
References
External links
Saint Martin - Caribbean Football
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Saint Martinois football managers
French football managers
Saint Martin national football team managers
Place of birth missing (living people) |
23580659 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahinda%20Ratnatilaka | Mahinda Ratnatilaka | Ihalakkankanamalage Mahinda Ratnatilaka (also Ihalakkankanamalage Mahinda Rathnathilake) is a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.
References
Living people
Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
United National Party politicians
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
1948 births |
23580665 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amara%20Piyaseeli%20Ratnayake | Amara Piyaseeli Ratnayake | Ratnayake Mudiyanselage Amara Piyaseeli Ratnayake is a Sri Lankan politician and was the 9th Governor of the North Western Province. She was a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and a former government minister, being the Minister of Woman's affairs in the 2001-2004 United National Party government. She is a longstanding MP of the United National Party for the Wariyapola Electorate. She entered politics from Kurunegala after her husband's death.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Members of the 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
United National Party politicians
Women legislators in Sri Lanka
Ministers of state of Sri Lanka
Non-cabinet ministers of Sri Lanka
20th-century Sri Lankan women politicians
21st-century Sri Lankan women politicians
Women government ministers of Sri Lanka |
6905568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20municipalities%20of%20the%20Province%20of%20Crotone | List of municipalities of the Province of Crotone | The following is a list of the 27 municipalities (comuni) of the Province of Crotone, Calabria, Italy.
List
See also
List of municipalities of Italy
References
Crotone |
44499866 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand%20Bernabela | Ferdinand Bernabela | Ferdinand Bernabela is a Bonaire professional football manager. From 2014 to 2015 he coached the Bonaire national football team.
Managerial statistics
References
External links
Profile at Soccerpunter.com
Bonaire - Caribbean Football
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Bonaire football managers
Bonaire national football team managers
Place of birth missing (living people) |
23580668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimal%20Rathnayake | Bimal Rathnayake | Bimal Rathnayake is a Sri Lankan politician and a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. He is a national organiser and political bureau member of the people's liberation front (JVP).
He is a member of the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna party.
References
Living people
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna politicians
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
1973 births |
6905571 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorseddau%20Tramway | Gorseddau Tramway | The Gorseddau Tramway was a narrow gauge railway built in Wales in 1856 to link the slate quarries around Gorseddau with the wharves at Porthmadog. It was an early forerunner of the Gorseddau Junction and Portmadoc Railway and subsequently the Welsh Highland Railway.
Tremadoc Tramway
The Tremadoc tramway (sometimes known as the Llidiartyspytty Railway) was built by William Madocks sometime before 1842, and possibly as early as the 1830s. It connected the ironstone mine at Llidiart Yspytty to Porthmadog harbour. Little is known about the operation of the railway, though it is believed to have been horse worked with similar track and rolling stock to the nearby Nantlle Railway. The ironstone mine was not successful, so the tramway was extended to serve a nearby slate quarry, which was owned by the Bangor & Portmadoc Slate & Slab Co. Ltd.
In 1856, the Bangor & Portmadoc Slate & Slab company requested tenders to extend the line to the Gorseddau slate quarry (known at the time by its local Welsh name, Gorsedda), at Glan Bwll. The engineer was James Brunlees, who was based in Manchester. The extended railway, completed in 1857, was known as the Gorsedda Tramway.
Route and operation
From the wharves at Porthmadog harbor the line curved through the town and ran alongside the Y Cyt canal to Tremadog. From there a reversing neck marked the beginning of the extension towards Gorseddau. The route headed west through the village of Penmorfa where it passed under the main road in a short tunnel. Along this stretch gradients reached a maximum of 1 in 23. At Henefail the line turned north past Ynys-y-Pandy and on to Gorseddau where a short incline lead into the quarry. The line ran a total distance of just over 8 miles and rose 900 feet in that distance. Down loads were worked by gravity.
The line was horse operated using wagons and a passenger carriage supplied by the Boston Lodge works of the Ffestiniog Railway.
Takeover
In 1863 the Croesor Tramway was built, connecting the slate quarries of the Croesor valley with Porthmadog. This narrow gauge tramway crossed the Gorseddau on the level on the edge of Porthmadog and served the same wharves.
In 1871 notice was given by the owners of the Gorseddau Tramway that they intended to replace the tramway with a new railway between Gorseddau and Porthmadog of narrow gauge. This would allow common rolling stock to be used between the Croesor and Gorseddau tramways and the Ffestiniog railway, all of which delivered slate to Porthmadog harbour. An Act of Parliament was authorized on 25 July 1872 and the Gorseddau Junction and Portmadoc Railway was created, replacing the Gorseddau Tramway.
References
Further reading
External links
Interactive Map at Live.com
Welsh Highland Railway
3 ft gauge railways in Wales
Industrial railways in Wales
Railway lines opened in 1856
Railway companies disestablished in 1872
Rail transport in Gwynedd
Horse-drawn railways
Porthmadog
Dolbenmaen
1856 establishments in Wales
1872 disestablishments in Wales |
6905576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen%20Tarry | Ellen Tarry | Ellen Tarry (September 26, 1906 – September 23, 2008) was an African-American journalist and author who served as a minor figure in the Harlem Renaissance. Her Janie Belle (1940) was the first African-American picture book, and her other works include further literature for children and young adults as well as an autobiography.
Biography
Tarry was born in Birmingham, Alabama. Although raised in the Congregational Church, she converted to Catholicism in 1922, after years of attending the St Francis de Sales school for girls on the former Belmead plantation property in Virginia. She was taught there by the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament.
She thereafter attended Alabama State Normal School, now Alabama State University, and became a teacher in Birmingham. At the same time, she began writing a column for the local African-American newspaper entitled "Negroes of Note", focusing on racial injustice and racial pride.
In 1929, she moved to New York City in hope of becoming a writer. There she befriended such Harlem Renaissance literary figures as Langston Hughes, Claude McKay and Countee Cullen. She was the first "Negro Scholarship" recipient at the Bank Street College of Education in New York City, where she met and became friends with Margaret Wise Brown and was influenced by the "here and now" theory of picture book composition.
Tarry published four picture books: Janie Belle (1940), illustrated by Myrtle Sheldon), 1942's Hezekiah Horton (illustrated by Oliver Harrington), 1946's My Dog Rinty in collaboration with Caldecott Medal winner Marie Hall Ets (photographs by Alexander and Alexandra Alland), concerning a Harlem family and their mischievous pet, and 1950's The Runaway Elephant (again illustrated by Harrington), which continued the relationships started in Hezekiah Horton.
Tarry's The Third Door: The Autobiography of an American Negro Woman (from 1955) tells of her life in the South (including her time at the SBS school in Virginia), her migration to New York City, her friendship with McKay, and her deep commitment to Catholicism. In 1942, Tarry was one of the first two co-directors along with Ann Harrigan Makletzoff, at the request of Catherine de Hueck Doherty, of the Chicago branch of Friendship House, a Catholic outreach movement promoting interracial friendship. It offers a thoughtful eyewitness view of life in Alabama and Harlem from the 20s through the early 50s, a pivotal era in the evolution of race relations. Her involvement with USO during the Second World War opens a window on the experience of mobilization and the later integration of the military. The book's concluding chapter recounts a drive from Harlem to Birmingham and back in the immediate aftermath of the 1954 Supreme Court desegregation decision.
Tarry's biographies include Katherine Drexel: Friend of the Neglected, Pierre Toussaint: Apostle of Old New York, The Other Toussaint: A Post-Revolutionary Black, and Martin de Porres, Saint of the New World.
Tarry died on September 23, 2008, three days before her 102nd birthday.
Personal life
She had one daughter, Elizabeth Tarry Patton, from a brief marriage.
See also
Friendship House
References
Confirmation of death
External links
Excerpt from Project Muse
Article by Ellen Tarry on A. Philip Randolph
Review of The Other Toussaint: A Post-Revolutionary Black
Review of The Third Door: The Autobiography of an American Negro Woman
Article which mentions her from 2006
1906 births
2008 deaths
American centenarians
Alabama State University alumni
Bank Street College of Education alumni
Converts to Roman Catholicism
African-American women writers
African-American writers
American writers
African-American centenarians
Women centenarians
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
20th-century American people
African-American Catholics
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women |
23580671 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keheliya%20Rambukwella | Keheliya Rambukwella | Keheliya Rambukwella (Sinhala:,Tamil:; born 21 September 1954) is a Sri Lankan politician. Who is serving as the current Minister of Water Supply and Drainage and Minister of Health of Sri Lanka Since May 2022. He is the former Minister of Mass Media and Information and Minister of Foreign Employment Promotion and Welfare
Early life
Rambukwella was born and raised in Kegalle, Sri Lanka and received his education at St. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia. He is a professional hotelier, with a post graduate degree from the Hotel School. He holds a doctorate in Defense Studies. In 1979 he produced Sakvithi Suvaya, which featured Gamini Fonseka. His son Ramith is a national cricket player.
Politics
Rambukwella claims that he was introduced to politics by late Gamini Dissanayake when the UNP split under late President Ranasinghe Premadasa. Keheliya joined the Democratic United National Front (DUNF) led by Lalith Athulathmudali. Later he joined the United National Party and was elected to the Parliament from Kandy district in 2000 by winning 154,403 preferential votes. In December 2001, again he was elected to the Parliament from Kandy district.
Later he crossed over to the President Mahinda Rajapakse's government. Rambukwella made another attempt to cross-over in 2015, when he tried to rejoin the United National Party. But this attempt failed and he was forced to remain with the SLFP's Mahinda fraction which lost the 2015 election.
Accident and grant
In February 2012, Rambukwella claimed to have "jumped" from the balcony of a third-floor hotel room in Melbourne, injuring his legs. After receiving a direct aid of Rs. 20 million from the President's Fund to cover his medical expenses, he swiftly recovered from the injuries.
Utility Debts
Rambukwella is refusing to pay a sum of over Rs.1M for his domestic power bill to this day.
References
Living people
Provincial councillors of Sri Lanka
Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 16th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan Buddhists
Sinhalese politicians
1954 births |
6905583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatic%20plexus | Hepatic plexus | The hepatic plexus, the largest offset from the celiac plexus, receives filaments from the left vagus and right phrenic nerves.
It accompanies the hepatic artery, ramifying upon its branches, and upon those of the portal vein in the substance of the liver.
Branches from this plexus accompany all the divisions of the hepatic artery.
A considerable plexus accompanies the gastroduodenal artery and is continued as the inferior gastric plexus on the right gastroepiploic artery along the greater curvature of the stomach, where it unites with offshoots from the lienal plexus. Cystic plexus is the derivation of hepatic plexus.
References
External links
Nerve plexus
Nerves of the torso
Vagus nerve |
44499867 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert%20Primrose%20%28surgeon%29 | Gilbert Primrose (surgeon) | Gilbert Primrose (c.1535 -18 April 1616) was a Scottish surgeon who became Surgeon to King James VI of Scots and moved with the court to London as Serjeant-Surgeon to King James VI and I on the Union of the Crowns. He was Deacon of the Incorporation of Surgeons and Barbers of Edinburgh on three occasions.
Early life and education
Gilbert Primrose was born c.1540, at Culross, Fife, Scotland. He was the son of Duncan Primrose and Helen Smyth, whose niece, Euphan Primrose, married Sir George Bruce, from whom the Earls of Rosebery are descended. On 6 June 1558 he was admitted to the Incorporation of Surgeons and Barbers of Edinburgh as apprentice to Robert Henrysoun, one of the founder members of the Incorporation.
Career
In 1558 Scotland was threatened by an invasion from "", the Edinburgh craft guilds were required to list those men who could be mustered in the event of an attack and Primrose was included. In September 1575 Regent Morton sent him to Coldingham to mend the broken leg of the messenger Ninian Cockburn.
In March 1580 Primrose was one of a number of Edinburgh surgeons who examined and treated Robert Aslowane, the victim of an assault by James Douglas of Parkhead and his accomplices. When the surgeons declared that Aslowane was likely to recover, the burgh council released Parkhead and his followers.
In September 1584 he was imprisoned in Dumbarton Castle. He was allowed bail or caution for future loyalty at £1,000 Scots, guaranteed by the textile merchant Robert Jousie and the apothecary Alexander Barclay.
Primrose went on to become Surgeon to King James VI. In June 1592 the Earl of Angus was injured falling from his horse and sent for Primrose. On 10 February 1594 he was appointed to attend Anne of Denmark at Stirling Castle, when she gave birth to Prince Henry, with the physicians Martin Schöner and Gilbert Moncreiff, Alexander Barclay, and the midwife.
He was a friend of Dr Peter Lowe, the co-founder of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, who dedicated the first edition (1597) of his surgical textbook The Whole course of Chirurgerie (which was renamed Discourse of the Whole Art of Chirurgerie for the 2nd and 3rd editions) to Gilbert Primrose.
Pimrose was elected Deacon of the Incorporation of Surgeons and Barbers on no fewer than three occasions. Whilst he was Deacon in 1581 the Surgeons became first in the order of precedence of the 14 crafts of the City of Edinburgh.
When he was elected Deacon for the third time in 1602 his status was such that he was able to impose considerable discipline on the Incorporation. Under his leadership all members of the Incorporation swore that they would uphold all aspects of the Seal of Cause (the Charter of the Incorporation) and any violations were punished. Primrose was also responsible for passing new Laws which sought to maintain even higher standards within the craft. Admission and examination fees were established and each member of the Incorporation was required to pay a subscription. The Incorporation thrived under his leadership.
On 30 April 1597 his mother Helen Smith, over 80 years old and blind, was assaulted and robbed in her house at Culross.
As principal surgeon to King James VI he accompanied the Court to London on the Union of the Crowns in 1603. He became Serjeant-Surgeon or chief surgeon to the King, now James VI and I and Queen Anne.
First name on Fellows’ Roll
Whilst the names of the earliest members of the Incorporation appear in the Edinburgh Burgh records, the assignation of a roll number for Members and Fellows starts from 1581 when the Deacon of the Incorporation was Gilbert Primrose. His name is first in the Roll of Fellows which has continued in an uninterrupted sequence ever since.
Primrose’s mortar
Surgeons’ Hall Museum has a treasured relic of Gilbert Primrose. It is labelled "a replica of the mortar used by Gilbert Primrose, an ancestor of the Earl of Rosebery and a Deacon of the Chirurgeon-Barbers in 1581". This mortar was presented to the College by Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, a descendant of Gilbert Primrose in December 1909. The original is held in the National Museums of Scotland.
Family
His brother Archibald Primrose became 1st Laird of Burnbrae. Other brothers included David Primrose, Henry Primrose, Duncan Primrose and Peter Primrose.
He married Alison Graham. Their cildren included:
Gilbert Primrose (c. 1580–1641) who became a Calvinist pastor.
Marion Primrose (1566-1637), who married Alexander Clark of Balbirnie.
David Primrose.
Robert Primrose.
Death
Gilbert Primrose died in Westminster, London on 18 April 1616 and was buried in Greyfriars Churchyard, Edinburgh where his monument still stands. His grave carries a Latin inscription translated as:To Gilbert Primrose, Chief Surgeon to James and Anne, King and Queen of Great Britain, France and Ireland. His heirs erected this monument. He lived happily 80 years. To the end of his life he was Chief Surgeon to the King, and died, adorned with testimonials of public sorrow from Prince and people, in the year of our Lord 1616 on the 8th of April.
Great Gilbert Primrose shut his mortal eyes
Full fraught with honours as with length of days
My will and life to Christ I still resign'd
Hence neither life nor death did bitter find
References
Scottish surgeons
1616 deaths
Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Presidents of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Year of birth uncertain
People from Culross
Gilbert
Burials at Greyfriars Kirkyard |
6905585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumbacher | Grumbacher | Grumbacher is a US brand of art materials. Grumbacher offers products for artists including Acrylic paints, oil paints, watercolor paintings, brushes and painting media.
Overview
The company was founded in 1905 by Max Grumbacher, then becoming a subsidiary of the Sanford L.P., a Newell Rubbermaid company, until September 2006, when it was acquired by Chartpak, Inc., an art materials and office products company headquartered in Leeds, Massachusetts.
Grumbacher markets both collegiate and professional grade artist products. The collegiate grade products carry the "Academy" name branding. The Academy line currently consists of Oil, Acrylic, and Watercolor paints as well as 3 brush lines. The Grumbacher professional product lines consist of "Grumbacher MAX" a water-mixable oil paint; which means they can be diluted using water instead of conventional solvents. There are 60 "MAX" colors available. They also market "Grumbacher PRETESTED" oil paints (90 colors); which are conventional linseed-oil based paints for professional artists. The professional line was rounded out in the Spring of 2008 with the return of "Grumbacher FINEST" watercolors (54 colors).
Along with manufacturing paint, Grumbacher currently produces 9 brush lines as well as a full line of media, grounds, solvents, varnishes and artist accessories.
Grumbacher's current line of watercolors has the Academy line, a student line in 7.5ml tubes and the Finest line, a professional grade in 14ml tubes. The colors in both lines offer a diverse palette and are easily as rich and light fast as most competitive grade lines. Grumbacher just released a superior professional grade line, Grumbacher Finest, which had a brief stint with a name change of Prismacolor watercolors under Sandford's ownership.
References
External links
Paint and coatings companies of the United States
Manufacturing companies established in 1905
Companies based in Massachusetts
Art materials brands
Artists' acrylic paint brands
Watercolor brands
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American companies established in 1905 |
20474531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamboats%20of%20the%20upper%20Columbia%20and%20Kootenay%20Rivers | Steamboats of the upper Columbia and Kootenay Rivers | From 1886 to 1920, steamboats ran on the upper reaches of the Columbia and Kootenay in the Rocky Mountain Trench, in western North America. The circumstances of the rivers in the area, and the construction of transcontinental railways across the trench from east to west made steamboat navigation possible.
Geographic factors
The Columbia River begins at Columbia Lake, flows north in the trench through the Columbia Valley to Windermere Lake to Golden, British Columbia. The Kootenay River flows south from the Rocky Mountains, then west into the Rocky Mountain Trench, coming within just over a mile (1.6 km) from Columbia Lake, at a point called Canal Flats, where a shipping canal was built in 1889. The Kootenay then flows south down the Rocky Mountain Trench, crosses the international border and then turns north back into Canada and into Kootenay Lake near the town of Creston.
The upper Columbia and the upper Kootenay rivers were different in character. From Columbia Lake to Golden, the Columbia river is shallow and slow, running through twisting channels and falling only in elevation from its headwaters to Golden. From Golden the river flows north to Donald, then turns sharply south at the Big Bend, where it continues south past Revelstoke then south to Arrowhead, where it widens into the Arrow Lakes. The Big Bend, in its natural state before the construction of the Revelstoke and Mica dams, included a series of rapids which made it impassable to steam navigation proceeding upriver from the Arrow Lakes.
The Kootenay River (before the construction of the Libby Dam) flowed faster than the Columbia south down through Jennings Canyon, an extremely hazardous stretch of whitewater, on the way to Jennings and Libby, Montana. Larger steamboats could operate on the upper Kootenay than on the upper Columbia. The Kootenay river flows on into Idaho, where it turns north and flows back into Canada. Near Creston the Kootenay River enters Kootenay Lake. With some difficulty, steamboats could progress up the lower Kootenay to railhead at Bonners Ferry, Idaho. Rapids and falls on the Kootenay blocked steam navigation between Bonner's Ferry and Libby.
Rail construction
Rail construction in Canada and the United States made steam navigation possible in the Rocky Mountain Trench. There were two important railheads, Golden, BC and Jennings, Montana, near Libby. At Golden, the transcontinental line of the Canadian Pacific Railway ("CPR"), which parallels the Columbia south from the bridge at Donald, turns east to follow the Kicking Horse River, surmounting the Continental Divide at Kicking Horse Pass, then running past the resort at Banff then east to Calgary. Jennings was reached by the Great Northern Railway, built across the Northern United States from Minnesota to Washington by James J. Hill. Between these railheads the Rocky Mountain Trench ran for , almost all of which was potentially accessible to steam navigation. Canal Flats was close to the midpoint, being just south of Columbia Lake, upstream from Golden.
Beginning of steam navigation
, Frank P. Armstrong assembled a steamboat from miscellaneous planks and timbers that were lying around at an old sawmill. The result was the Duchess, launched in 1886 at Golden. Two early passengers wrote that her appearance was "somewhat decrepit" and Armstrong himself later agreed that she was "a pretty crude steamboat."
In 1886 an "uprising" among the First Nations was occurring far down the Rocky Mountain Trench along the Kootenay River. A detachment of the North-West Mounted Police, under Major (later General) Samuel Benfield Steele (1848–1919), was sent to Golden with orders to proceed to the Kootenay to quell the so-called uprising. Steele decided to hire Armstrong and the Duchess to transport his troopers. This proved to be a mistake, as once the expedition's horse fodder, ammunition, officers' uniforms, and other supplies were loaded on board, Duchess capsized and sank. After this setback, Steele decided to hire the only other steam vessel on the upper Columbia, the Clive.
Clive which like Duchess was assembled from various cast-off and second-hand components, was an even worse vessel. Once Steele had loaded his trooper's equipment on Clive, that vessel sank as well. Steele and his troop ended up riding the south to Galbraith's Landing. This took about a month. When they arrived, the troopers set up a standard military encampment which later became the town of Fort Steele. By this time, the "uprising" was over.
Professionally constructed steamboats appear
Armstrong was eventually able to raise Duchess from the river bottom. He then applied the odd-shaped steamer to make enough money in 1887 to have a new sternwheeler built, also called Duchess. Armstrong hired the veteran shipbuilder Alexander Watson, of Victoria, British Columbia, to build the new steamer, which although small, was well-designed and looked like a steamboat instead of a floating old barn. Someone arranged to have handbills printed up, which on one side bore a woodcut print showing an idealized version of the new Duchess, and on the other side bore a statement showing the company's marketing strategy, which was to appeal to tourists, miners, hunters, and intending settlers, holding out the Duchess as the best means of accessing the Columbia Valley.
The handbill then praised the climate of the Columbia Valley as "WITHOUT EXCEPTION THE FINEST ON THE CONTINENT OF AMERICA" which even so was available at $1.00 per acre, payable five years. Gold mining was said to be prosperous, with the hint of more yet to be discovered, as "the country has not been explored off the beaten paths". All kinds of supplies were to be had cheaper than they could be shipped at Golden City all kinds of supplies can be obtained more cheaply than they can be brought in "by the Tourist, Settler, or Miner". Finally, the handbill advertised the important role and schedule that the new steamer Duchess would play in the development of the Columbia Valley:
Armstrong also had built a second steamer, Marion, which although smaller than the second Duchess, needed only six inches of water to run in. This was an advantage in the often shallow waters of the Columbia above Golden, where as Armstrong put it, "the river's bottom was often very close to the river's top".
Navigation improvements
The upper Columbia was choked with snags, which were sunken logs jammed in the river bottom and sticking into the river. These could be significant barriers to navigation, as shown by the 23 days it took Clive to travel the up to Windermere Lake. A significant reason for this delay were the numerous snags in the river. Snag removal was done by a specialized vessel called a "snag boat" which was equipped with a large hoist and powerful winches to pull the snags out of the river. ( Samson V at New Westminster, BC and W.T. Preston, at Anacortes, Washington, are two excellent existing examples of Pacific Northwest sternwheel snagboats.) In 1892, the Dominion government put a snag boat, the Muskrat o the upper river, which must have significantly improved river transportation.
Another barrier to navigation on the upper Columbia was the numerous sandbars that were used by spawning salmon. A clam shell dredge was employed to deepen the sandbars by digging out the river bottom. This would have had the adverse side effect of damaging the salmon spawning grounds.
Carrying the mail
Armstrong obtained a contract from the Canadian Post Office Department on May 1, 1888, to carry mail on the route from Golden to Cranbrook. Armstrong carried the mail twice a week on Duchess, or when the water was low, on Marion, up to Columbia Lake. Once at the lake, the steamer connected with a stage line, which ran the mail across Canal Flats and down the valley of the Kootenay River to Grohman, Fort Steele, and Cranbrook. The contract was renewed in the years from 1889 to 1992. When the mail could not be carried on the river, due to low or frozen water, Armstrong had mail carried overland on the Columbia Valley wagon road. The mail contracts were renewed from 1893 to 1897, with the mail running from Golden to the St. Eugene Mission in the Kootenay Valley. The mail contract provided an important subsidy for Captain Armstrong and the Upper Columbia Company.
Persons living along the upper Columbia who wished to mail lighters or have freight shipped would hail or flag down the mail steamer. The boat's captain would then nose the bow of the boat into the bank using the boat's sternwheel to keep the vessel in place. The mail would be picked up or the freight loaded, the fees collected, and the vessel would proceed. In April 1897 the Upper Columbia Company lost the mail contact, which created a situation where customers would flag down the steamer for a letter which the steamer was getting paid no money to carry.
Upper Columbia Company "postage stamps"
Reluctant to antagonize potential freight customers by refusing letters, but not wishing to interrupt company operations for free mail carriage, the company's purser, C.H. Parson, had the company print up its own postage stamps. One thousand "stamps" with the initials "U.C." (for Upper Columbia Company) and the denomination of 5 cents were printed. One thousand more "labels" with just the initials "U.C" were also printed. An ordinary letter in those days cost 3 cents to send, so the Upper Columbia Company's "stamps" were considerably more than regular postage. The idea seems to have been to discourage the use of the steamer for mail, and perhaps to make a little money on the side. The details of how stamps and labels were used are not clear, but clearly some did pass through the Canadian mails with additional official postage stamps also affixed. Genuine envelopes (called "covers") bearing the stamps or labels of the Upper Columbia Company are rare philatelic items and are sought after by stamp collectors.
Covers bearing the labels or stamps of the Upper Columbia Company attracted the attention of stamp collectors and became sought-after rarities. Faked covers have appeared, made with the objective of deceiving collectors. Knowledge of the history of the Upper Columbia Company is important to make judgment as to whether a particular cover is genuine or a fake.
The Baillie-Grohman Canal
In the early 1880s a wealthy European adventurer, William Adolf Baillie-Grohman (1851–1921), travelled to the Kootenay Region and became obsessed with developing an area far down the Kootenay River near the southern end of Kootenay Lake called Kootenay Flats, near the modern town of Creston, BC. The problem for Baillie-Grohman was that the Kootenay River kept flooding Kootenay Flats. Baillie-Grohman thought the downstream flooding could be lessened by diverting the upstream portion of the Kootenay River into the Columbia River through the Canal Flats. This would have increased the water flow through the Columbia River, particularly near Golden and Donald, where Baillie-Grohman's proposal, if it had been implemented, would have threatened to flood the newly built transcontinental railroad and other areas of the Columbia Valley.
The provincial government refused to allow the diversion. However, Baillie-Grohman was able to obtain ownership of large areas of land in the Kootenay region, provided he engaged in certain forms of economic development, including construction of a shipping canal and a lock. The lock was necessary because the Kootenay River was than the level of Columbia Lake.
The Baillie-Grohman canal was used only three times by steam-powered vessels. In 1893, Armstrong built Gwendoline at Hansen's Landing on the Kootenay River, and took the vessel through the canal north to the shipyard at Golden to complete her fitting out. In late May 1894 Armstrong returned the completed Gwendoline back to the Kootenay River, transiting the canal.
The canal remained unused until 1902, Armstrong brought North Star north from the Kootenay to the Columbia. The transit of North Star was only made possible by the destruction of the lock at the canal, thus making it unusable.
The Upper Columbia Navigation and Tramway Company
About north of Columbia Lake, the river widened again into another lake. Originally this was called Mud Lake, which may have been an indication of its depth and general condition, but later this was changed to Adela Lake. The stretch between Adela Lake and Columbia Lake was shallow and difficult to navigate even for the very shallow draft steamers that Armstrong was running on the river. Armstrong's solution to the problem was to incorporate the Upper Columbia Navigation and Tramway Company ("UCN&TC"). The company's charter required it to construct two tramways to improve transport. Armstrong served as manager and T.B.H. Cochrane as president.
The Upper Columbia Company built two horse or mule-drawn tramways, one at the start of the route running from the CPR depot at Golden Station to the point south where the Kicking Horse River ran into the Columbia. It was here that the company had located its steamboat dock.
The second tramway was located further upriver. It ran in length, from Adela Lake, BC. south to Columbia Lake. The tramways were like railways except that the cars were horsedrawn, and the carts were much smaller than rail cars. The company had steamers on Columbia Lake and the Kootenay River, but did not use the Grohman Canal, portaging traffic over Canal Flats rather than using the canal, which in fact was only used twice by steamboats during its existence.
With the tramways in place, the transportation chain from the rail depot at Golden to Jennings Montana ran as follows. Freight would be taken on the tramway to the steamboat dock at Golden, and loaded on a steamer. The steamer ran upriver to the south end of Windermere Lake. The freight would then be portaged around Mud (or Adlin) Lake, to Columbia Lake. Once at Columbia Lake, the cargo would be loaded again on a steamboat, this time the Pert and run to the south end of Columbia Lake, where it was unloaded again, portaged across Canal Flats and loaded again on another steamer on the Kootenay river, and run down to Jennings, passing through Jennings Canyon.
Steam navigation begins on the upper Kootenay River
Mining activity was increasing in the upper Kootenay valley in the early 1890s. Miners wanted access to the area and needed transport for their supplies. The ore taken out of the mountains had to be hauled out of the area. In the early 1890s there were no railroads near the area, and without transport to a smelter, the mined ore was valueless. The nearest railhead was that of the Great Northern Railway at Jennings, Montana, well over away from the major mining strikes at Kimberley and Moyie Lake. Overland transport out of the question. The ore could only be moved by marine transport on the Kootenay River. With this in mind, Walter Jones and Captain Harry S. DePuy organized the Upper Kootenay Navigation Company ("UKNC") and in the winter of 1891 to 1892, built at Jennings the small sternwheeler Annerly. With the spring breakup of the ice in 1893, DePuy and Jones were able to get Annerly upriver to Quick Ranch, about south of Fort Steele, BC. Once there, Annerly was able to embark passengers and load of ore. Returning to Jennings, Jones and DePuy were able to make enough money to hire veteran James D. Miller (1830–1907), one of the most experienced steamboat men in the Pacific Northwest, to hand Annerly for the rest of the 1893 season.
Rise of competition on the Kootenay River
Armstrong also wished to take advantage of the demand for shipping, so moving south from the Columbia to the Kootenay, he built the small sternwheeler Gwendoline at Hansen's Landing, about north of the present town of Wasa. Instead of taking the ore south to Jennings, Armstrong's plan was to move the ore north across Canal Flats and then down the Columbia to the CPR railhead at Golden. As described, Armstrong took Gwendoline through the Baillie-Grohman canal in the fall of 1893 (or rolled her across Canal Flats), fitted her out at Golden, and returned through the canal in the spring of 1894.
In March 1896, Miller shifted over to run Annerly as an associate of Armstrong's Upper Columbia Navig. & Tramway Co. In 1896, Armstrong and Miller built Ruth at Libby, Montana. Launched April 22, 1896, Ruth at 275 tons was the largest steamer yet to operate on the upper Kootenay River. Ruth, like the second Duchess, was designed and built by a professional shipwright. For Ruth the shipwright Louis Pacquet, of Portland, Oregon. Ruth made the runs downriver to Jennings and the smaller Gwendoline ran upriver with the traffic to Canal Flats and the portage tramway.
The combination of Armstrong, Miller and Wardner, and their construction of Ruth created serious competition for Jones and DePuy of UKNC with their only steamer the barely-adequate Annerly. Large sacks of ore were piling up at Hansen's Landing from the mines, and all needed transport. The competitors reached an agreement to split the traffic on the Kootenay river between them. To earn their share of the revenues from this split, DePuy and Jones built Rustler (125 tons) at Jennings 1896. Rustler reached Hansen's Landing in June 1896 on her run up from Jennings.
Another competitor was Captain Tom Powers, of Tobacco Plain, Montana who traded 15 cayuse horses for the machinery to build a small steamer near Fort Steele, which was called Fool Hen. The machinery was too large for Fool Hen and there was no room for freight. Powers used discarded wooden packing cases from Libby merchants to make his paddlewheel buckets, so that as the steamer churned down the river, the merchants' names rotated again and again as the wheel turned. Shortly after Fool Hen was finished, Powers then removed the engines and placed them in a new steamer, the Libby. This time the engines proved to be too small for the hull, and Libby was used only sporadically in 1894 and 1895.
Jennings Canyon
Once in the United States, the Kootenay river, in its natural state before the construction of the Libby Dam, flowed through Jennings Canyon to the settlement of Jennings, Montana. Jennings has almost completely disappeared as a town, but it was near Libby, Montana. Above Jennings, the Kootenay River narrowed as it ran through Jennings Canyon, which was a significant hazard to any river navigation. A particularly dangerous stretch was known as the Elbow. Jennings Canyon was described by Professor Lyman as "a strip of water, foaming-white, downhill almost as on a steep roof, hardly wider than steamboat".
No insurance agent would write a policy for steamboats and cargo transiting the Jennings Canyon. Captain Armstrong once persuaded an agent from San Francisco to consider making a quote on premiums. The agent decided to examine the route for himself, and went on board with Armstrong as the captain's boat shot through the canyon. At the end of the trip, the agent's quote for a policy was one-quarter of the value of the cargo. Faced with this quote, Armstrong decided to forego insurance.
The huge profits to be made seemed to justify the risk. Combined the two steamers could earn $2,000 in gross receipts per day, a lot of money in 1897. By comparison, the sternwheeler J.D. Farrell (1897), cost $20,000 to build in 1897. In ten days of operation then, an entire steamboat could be paid for.
There were no more than seven steamboats that ever passed through Jennings Canyon, Annerly, Gwendoline, Libby, Rustler, Ruth, J.D. Farrell, and North Star (1897). Of these only Annerly and Libby were not wrecked in the canyon. Armstrong and Miller unsuccessfully tried to get the U.S. Government to finance clearing of some of the rocks and obstructions in Jennings Canyon. Without government help, they hired crews themselves to do the work over two winters, but the results were not of much value.
Rustler was the first steamboat casualty of Jennings Canyon. In the summer of 1896, after just six weeks of operation, Rustler was caught in an eddy in the canyon swirled around and smashed into the rocks and damaged beyond repair. This left DePuy and Jones with just one vessel, the "nasty little Annerly", as historian D.M. Wilson described her. DePuy and Jones were unable to stay in business after the loss of Rustler and were forced to sell their facilities at Jennings, as well as Annerly to Armstrong, Miller and Wardner. With their principal competitors gone, Armstrong, Miller and Wardner incorporated their firm on April 5, 1897, in the state of Washington, as the International Transportation Company ("ITC") with nominal headquarters in Spokane. With salvaged machinery from Rustler, they built North Star, launching the new vessel at Jennings on May 28, 1897.
The wreck of Gwendoline and Ruth on May 7, 1897, was perhaps the most spectacular. With no insurance coverage, both Ruth and Gwendoline were running through Jennings Canyon. Ruth under Capt. Sanborn was about an hour ahead of Gwendoline, under Armstrong himself. Both steamers were heavily loaded, and a 26 car train was waiting at Jennings to receive their cargo. Ruth came to the Elbow, lost control, and came to rest blocking the main channel. Gwendoline came through at high speed, and could not avoid smashing into Ruth. No one was killed. However, Ruth was totally destroyed, Gwendoline was seriously damaged, and the cargoes on both steamers were lost. The North Star was near to being complete when the disaster occurred, and once it was launched, Armstrong was able to complete 21 round trips on the Kootenay before low water forced him to tie up on September 3, 1897.
Steam navigation ends on upper Kootenay river
In the summer of 1897 a new competitor for Armstrong, Miller and Wardell arose. With the backing of John D. Farrell, steamboat captain M.L. McCormack on August 16, 1897, incorporated the Kootenai River Transportation Company, and commenced building a new steamer, J.D. Farrell, which was launched on November 8, 1897, and completed over the coming winter. In the meantime, in January 1898, both Armstrong and Wardner sold out their shares in the International Trading Company, and went north to Alaska to participate in the Klondike Gold Rush, with Armstrong deciding to try his chances at making money as a steamboat captain on the Stikine River then being promoted as the "All-Canadian" route to the Yukon River gold fields.
J.D. Farrell, the largest steamboat ever built on either the upper Kootenay or Columbia Rivers, and sporting such frontier luxuries as bathrooms, electric lighting, and steam heat, reached Fort Steele on April 28, 1898, her first trip up the Kootenay. Built to last ten years, this fine steamer was to run for only a single season on the Kootenay. On June 8, 1898, Captain McCormack was taking J.D. Farrell south through Jennings Canyon in "hurricane" strength headwind, which blew her off course into a rock, knocking a hole in the stern. McCormack managed to get the steamer to shallow water before she sank up to the wheelhouse. Her owners were able to raise J.D. Farrell and make a few more trips that season.
By October 1898 enough rail lines were completed along the upper Kootenay to terminate steam navigation as a competitive transportation method. In particular, the completion of Crow's Nest Railway on October 6, 1898, and development of smelters in the Kootenay region, particularly at Trail, BC, near the southern end of the Arrow Lakes, allowed ore to be routed to smelters by rail, completely bypassing Jennings.
The surviving upper Kootenay boats, North Star, J.D. Farrell, and Gwendoline were laid up at Jennings. (Annerly had been dismantled by then.) J.D. Farrell and North Star were tied up for almost three years at Jennings until finding employment supporting construction of a rail line to Fernie, BC. J.D. Farrell was later dismantled, with engines and machinery being reused on another steamer. (This was the general practice.) North Star was sold back to Captain Armstrong when he returned from his Yukon adventure, and on June 4, 1902, he took her north to the Columbia River on his famous dynamite-aided transit of the decrepit Baillie-Grohman canal. With North Star gone, steamboating on the upper Kootenay ended for good.
Of the last three Kootenay boats, Gwendoline'''s fate was unique. When Armstrong and Wardner left ITC for the north, James D. Miller was in charge of the ITC boats. Striking on the idea of moving Gwendoline to the lower Kootenay River by rail, where she could be run profitably again, or at least so it was hoped. In June 1899 he had the vessel loaded on three flat cars. Disaster then struck when the vessel was shifted to fit around a trackside rock cut. The boat was moved too close to the edge, flipped off the rail cars and landed in a canyon, which the Libby Press described:
Later operations on the upper Columbia River
While Armstrong was on the Kootenay and the Klondike mining booms, a few interlopers had appeared on the upper Columbia. In 1899, H.E. Forster a wealthy politician and occasional steamboat captain, brought Selkirk by rail from Shuswap Lake to Golden, where he launched her but used her as a yacht and not, at least initially, as commercial vessel. Also, Captain Alexander Blakely bought the little sidewheeler Pert and operated her on the river. In 1899 Duchess became involved in the Stolen Church Affair, in which a dispute arose over ownership of a church in Donald, with one party packing up the entire church and moving it to Golden, and disputant party removing the bell from the church while en route to Golden on board Duchess. (The church itself was later moved to Windermere, without the bell.)
In 1902 Duchess was dismantled. In 1903 Captain Armstrong built a new steamer, Ptarmigan, using the engines from Duchess which by then were over 60 years old. In 1911, the same engines were installed in the newly built steamer Nowitka. With the construction of railroads, and economic dislocation caused by Canada's participation in the Great War, steamboat activity tapered off starting about 1915. Steamboat men from the route themselves went to war. Captain Armstrong supervised British river transport in the Middle East, on the Nile and Tigris river. Captain Blakey's son John Blakely (1889–1963), who had trained under his father and Captain Armstrong, went to Europe and was one of only six survivors when his ship was torpedoed in the English Channel.
Last steamboat runs on the upper Columbia riverNowitka made the last steamboat run on the upper Columbia in May 1920, when under Captain Armstrong she pushed a pile-driver to build a bridge at Brisco NW of Invermere, which when complete was too low to allow a steamboat to pass under it. Armstrong himself had found employment with the Dominion government on his return from the war. He was seriously injured in an accident in Nelson, BC and died in a hospital in Vancouver, BC in January 1923. His own life had spanned the entire history of steam navigation in the Rocky Mountain Trench from 1886 to 1920. In 1948, Captain John Blakely built a sternwheeler of his own, the Radium Queen, which had to be small to fit under the Brisco bridge.
Modern archaeological investigations
In April 2001, members of the Kootenay Chapter of the British Columbia Underwater Archaeological Society ("BCUAS") found two previously undocumented wrecks of vessels near the site of the Columbia River Lumber Company mill. The two hulls were buried deeply in mud. Members of the expedition believed one of the vessels was Nowitka. The expedition also located and mapped the wreck F.P. Armstrong which was within 2 km of Columbia Lake. Most of the Armstrong wreck is under 50 to 80 cm of mud. Some tongue and grove panelling, believed to have come from either the decking or the superstructure, was located downstream. The expedition used a metal detector at the site, and the findings indicated that the machinery and boiler had been removed from the hull. Downstream near the Riverside Golf Course, the expedition found a larger wreck, of which 8 meters of hull framing was exposed. The 7 meter beam of the hull was greater than any vessel ever placed on the upper Columbia except North Star. Whether this was a powered vessel or an unpowered barge could not be determined.
Lists of vessels
See also
Frank P. Armstrong
Baillie-Grohman Canal
Steamboats of the Arrow Lakes
Steamboats of the Upper Fraser River
Steamboats of the Columbia River
Notes
External links
Fort Steele Heritage Town, map and diagram page Contains period maps of East Kootenay region, including original maps and later working diagrams of the Baillie-Grohman canal.
Taming the Kootenay, Creston and District Historical and Museum Society Multi-media presentation of history of Canal Flats and the East Kootenay region
Columbia Basin Institute of Regional History
Crowsnest Railway Route
SS Moyie National Historical Site Oldest surviving sternwheeler in the Pacific Northwest and in Canada. Last surviving steernwheeler of the entire Kootaney-Arrow Lakes region.
Further reading
Kluckner, Michael, Vanishing British Columbia'', University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver BC, 2005
Lees, J.A., and Clutterbuck, W.J., B.C. 1887—A Ramble In British Columbia, Longman, Greens & Co., London 1888.
Upper Columbia
Steamboats of the Columbia River
Steamboats of the Kootenay River
Columbia Valley
Columbia and Kootenay Rivers
History of British Columbia
History of Montana
Lincoln County, Montana
Postal history of Canada |
6905588 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottonwoodhill | Cottonwoodhill | Cottonwoodhill is the debut album by Brainticket.
The LP's original inner sleeve warns: "After Listening to this Record, your friends may not know you anymore" and "Only listen to this once a day. Your brain might be destroyed!"
Track listing
"Black Sand" (Ron Bryer, Joel Vandroogenbroeck) – 4:05
"Places of Light" (Bryer, Dawn Muir, Vandroogenroeck) – 4:05
"Brainticket, Pt. 1" (Bryer, Kolbe, Muir, Vandroogenbroeck) – 8:21
"Brainticket, Pt. 1: Conclusion" (Bryer, Kolbe, Muir, Vandroogenbroeck) – 4:36
"Brainticket, Pt. 2" (Bryer, Kolbe, Muir, Vandroogenbroeck) – 13:13
Personnel
The Band
Ron Bryer - Guitar
Werner Frohlich - Bass, Bass guitar
Hellmuth Kolbe - Keyboards, Sound Effects
Cosimo Lampis - Drums
Dawn Muir - Vocals, Voices
Wolfgang Paap - Percussion, Tabla
Joel Vandroogenbroeck - Organ, Flute, Keyboards, Vocals
Technical staff
Hellmuth Kolbe - Producer, Engineer, Electronics, Supervisor, Generator
External links
[ Cottonwoodhill] at Allmusic
References
Brainticket albums
1971 debut albums
Bellaphon Records albums |
23580672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamal%20Rajapaksa | Chamal Rajapaksa | Chamal Jayantha Rajapaksa (Sinhala: චමල් රාජපක්ෂ; Tamil: சமல் ராஜபக்ஷ; born 30 October 1942) is a Sri Lankan politician who was Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka from 2010 to 2015. Previously he served as Minister of Ports and Aviation and the Minister for Irrigation and Water Management. He hails from a well known political family in Sri Lanka. His father, D. A. Rajapaksa, was a prominent politician, independence agitator, member of parliament and Minister of Agriculture and Land in Wijeyananda Dahanayake's government. He is the elder brother of Mahinda Rajapaksa, who was President of Sri Lanka from 2005 to 2015 and Gotabaya Rajapaksa who was President from 2019 to 2022. Nine members of the Rajapaksa family have been members of parliament in Sri Lanka.
Shashindra Rajapaksa (eldest son of Rajapaksa) is the former chief Minister of Uva Provincial Council and former Basnayaka Nilame (Lay Custodian) of the Ruhunu Maha Kataragama devalaya.
Early life and education
Rajapaksa was born on 30 October 1942 in Palatuwa in the Southern District of Matara and raised in Medamulana in the District of Hambantota. He was the eldest son, of nine siblings which included, an older sister, three younger brothers: Mahinda Rajapaksa, Gotabaya Rajapaksa and Basil Rajapaksa and two younger sisters, to D. A. Rajapaksa and Dona Dandina Samarasinghe Dissanayake. He received his primary and secondary education at Richmond College, Galle. As a student, he was an athlete and played soccer for the school, in addition to being an academical high achiever.
Early career
Following his schooling, he joined the Ceylon Police Force as a Sub-inspector and served for eight years. He thereafter served the State Trading General Corporation as the Assistant General Manager before getting into active politics in 1985.
Political career
Contested the by-election held in 1985 for Mulkirigala Electorate.
Entered Parliament in 1989 as a member of parliament of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party representing Hambantota District. Has been a member of parliament continuously since 1989, retaining his seat in all elections held to date.
Prior to the present appointment as Speaker of the Parliament he has held the following portfolios.
Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Lands
Deputy Minister of Ports and Southern Development
Deputy Minister of Plantation Industries
Minister of Agricultural Development
Minister of Irrigation and Water Management
Minister of Ports and Aviation
Honorary titles
"Sri Lanka Janaseva Vibhushana"
Other positions held
President, Sri Lanka – Russia Parliamentary Friendship Association
President, Sri Lanka – Hungary Parliamentary Friendship Association
Chairman, District Development Committee, Hambantota (District Secretariat)
Chairman, Hambantota Development Foundation
See also
List of political families in Sri Lanka
Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka
References
External links
The Rajapaksa Ancestry
A people-based politician
Parliament profile
1942 births
Living people
Sri Lankan Buddhists
Speakers of the Parliament of Sri Lanka
Government ministers of Sri Lanka
Members of the 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 16th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Alumni of Richmond College, Galle
Chamal
Sinhalese politicians
Sinhalese police officers |
6905613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative%20districts%20of%20Pateros%E2%80%93Taguig | Legislative districts of Pateros–Taguig | The legislative district of Pateros–Taguig is the combined representation of the independent municipality of Pateros and eastern part of the highly urbanized city of Taguig in the Congress of the Philippines. The city and municipality are currently represented in the lower house of the Congress through their lone congressional district.
History
Areas now under the jurisdiction of Taguig and Pateros were initially represented as part of the at-large district of the province of Manila in the Malolos Congress from 1898 to 1899. Both towns were later incorporated to the province of Rizal, established in 1901, and were represented as part of the first district of Rizal from 1907 to 1941 and from 1945 to 1972. During World War II, both towns were represented as part of the at-large district of Rizal in the National Assembly of the Second Philippine Republic from 1943 to 1944. Taguig and Pateros were separated from Rizal on November 7, 1975 by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 824, and was represented in the Interim Batasang Pambansa along with other Metropolitan Manila municipalities and cities as part of Region IV from 1978 to 1984.
Taguig and Pateros were grouped with Muntinlupa to form a single parliamentary district which returned one representative to the Regular Batasang Pambansa in 1984. Taguig and Pateros formed one congressional district under the new Constitution proclaimed on February 11, 1987; it elected its member to the restored House of Representatives starting that same year.
The western area of Taguig, coterminous with the Second Councilor District of Taguig (for the purpose of electing municipal, now city, council members), was separated to form a separate congressional district by virtue of Republic Act No. 8487, the law which converted Taguig into a highly urbanized city. Despite being enacted by Congress on February 11, 1998, the said law only took effect on December 8, 2004 after the Commission on Elections issued a resolution confirming that the affirmative votes for cityhood prevailed in the ballot recount. This new district first elected its separate representative in the 2007 general elections.
There remains an unresolved dispute over which city has jurisdiction over lands encompassed within the former Fort McKinley U.S. Military Reservation (now Fort Bonifacio and its surrounding areas). Portions of four of Taguig's barangays (Fort Bonifacio, Pinagsama, Western Bicutan, and Ususan) are claimed by the neighboring city of Makati as part of its own two barangays (Post Proper Northside and Post Proper Southside). Residents of areas where Taguig exercise de facto control vote as part of its second congressional district except for areas under barangay Ususan, which is part of Taguig's 1st district, while residents of areas where Makati exercises de facto control vote as part of its second congressional district.
Current districts
Historical districts
See also
Legislative districts of Taguig
References
Pateros-Taguig
Pateros-Taguig
Politics of Taguig |
20474542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephan%20Thernstrom | Stephan Thernstrom | Stephan Thernstrom (born November 5, 1934) is an American academic and historian who is the Winthrop Research Professor of History Emeritus at Harvard University. He is a specialist in ethnic and social history and was the editor of the Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups. He and his wife Abigail Thernstrom are prominent opponents of affirmative action in education and according to the New York Times, they "lead the conservative charge against racial preference in America."
Early life and education
Thernstrom was born and raised in a working-class family in Port Huron, Michigan. His father was the son of a Swedish-born immigrant laborer and worked on the railroad. Thernstrom was raised a Christian Scientist, but was disillusioned with the faith. His family later moved to Battle Creek, Michigan. Thernstrom received his bachelor's degree from Northwestern University and his Ph.D. from Harvard University, working with Oscar Handlin.
Career
Thernstrom held faculty appointments at Harvard University, Brandeis University and the University of California, Los Angeles. He returned to Harvard with an appointment as full professor in 1973. From 1978 to 1979 Thernstrom was Pitt Professor of American History and Institutions at the University of Cambridge.
He is the author of several prize-winning books including Poverty and Progress: Social Mobility in the 19th Century and The Other Bostonians: Poverty and Progress in the American Metropolis, 1880-1970, which won the Bancroft Prize in American History and was described by The New York Times Book Review as "the best piece of quantitative history yet published." Thernstrom has served as an expert witness for the defense in more than two dozen federal cases involving claims of racial discrimination in schools. He is the co-author of a brief in "Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle," challenging the constitutionality of Seattle's racial balancing plan.
He co-authored with his wife Abigail Thernstrom No Excuses: Closing the Racial Gap in Learning, named by both the Los Angeles Times and the American School Board Journal as one of the best books of 2003 and the winner of the 2007 Fordham Prize for Distinguished Scholarship. They also co-authored America in Black and White: One Nation, Indivisible, a comprehensive history of race relations which the New York Times Book Review named as one of the notable books of 1997. Their writings have been awarded the Waldo G. Leland Prize, R.R. Hawkins Award, and the Fordham Foundation Prize, 1997 Bradley Foundation prizes for Outstanding Intellectual Achievement, and the 2004 Peter Shaw Memorial Award given by the National Association of Scholars, an organization of conservative scholars. Their work attacks affirmative action programs.
According to the New York Times, "The couple are much in demand on the conservative talk-show circuit, where they forcefully argue that racial preferences are wrong, divisive and, as a tool to help minorities, overrated. They serve on the boards of conservative and libertarian public-policy institutes."
Personal life
Thernstrom married Abigail in 1959. They have two children, Melanie Thernstrom of Palo Alto, CA, a writer, and Samuel Thernstrom.
Bibliography
Poverty and progress; social mobility in a nineteenth century city (1964) online
"Yankee City Revisited: The Perils of Historical Naïveté." American Sociological Review (1965) 30#2 : 234-242 online.
"The Case of Boston." Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, (1967) vol. 79, pp. 109-122. online
"Notes on the historical study of social mobility." Comparative Studies in Society and History 10.2 (1968): 162-172 online.
Nineteenth-century cities; essays in the new urban history (1969) coeditor online
Poverty, planning, and politics in the new Boston: the origins of ABCD (1969) online
The other Bostonians; poverty and progress in the American metropolis, 1880-1970 (1973) online
Harvard encyclopedia of American ethnic groups editor (1980) online
A history of the American people (1984) online
"Reflections on the Shape of the River." UCLA Law Review 46 (1998): 1583+ with Abigail Thernstrom. online
Beyond the color line: new perspectives on race and ethnicity in America (2002) online
No excuses: Closing the racial gap in learning (2004), with Abigail M. Thernstrom.
America in black and white: One nation, indivisible (2009), with Abigail M. Thernstrom.
Notes
Further reading
Riess, Steven A. "The Impact of Poverty and Progress on the Generation of Historians Trained in the Late 1960s and Early 1970s." Social Science History 10.1 (1986): 23-32.
Stave, Bruce M., "A conversation with Stephan Thernstrom." Journal of Urban History 1.2 (1975): 189-215.
Thernstrom, Stephan; Ann Orlov, amd Oscar Handlin, eds. Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups. (1980) online
External links
Manhattan Institute bio of Thernstrom
listing of New York Times articles that address the views of Thernstrom
Thernstrom's Bradley Prize acceptance remarks
Official website
1934 births
Academics of the University of Cambridge
American people of Swedish descent
Brandeis University faculty
Harvard University alumni
Harvard University faculty
Living people
Manhattan Institute for Policy Research
Northwestern University alumni
People from Port Huron, Michigan
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
Bancroft Prize winners |
23580673 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JJ%20%28Swedish%20band%29 | JJ (Swedish band) | JJ, styled as jj, is a Swedish band who has released music through the Gothenburg-based independent label Sincerely Yours and the Bloomington, Indiana-based label Secretly Canadian. The band consists of Joakim Benon and Elin Kastlander.
History
jj met in their hometown of Vallentuna, outside of Stockholm, and began playing together at a local youth center. They released their debut jj n° 1 in early 2009 and a couple of months later they released their debut album jj n° 2. Both the debut single and the debut album received a Best New Music inclusion from Pitchfork Media with ratings of 8 and 8.6 respectively.
On December 24, 2008 it was announced that the American record label Secretly Canadian had signed jj to their roster. At the same time, the release date for jj's second full length album was slated. The album, named jj n° 3, was released in the United States and Sweden on March 9, 2010. jj works with both Sincerely Yours and Secretly Canadian, depending on the location, and hence didn't leave Sincerely Yours for Secretly Canadian.
Aside from their official releases, jj has also done several covers and new takes on contemporary songs. For example, they've recorded covers of Akon's "Troublemaker", Jeremih's "Birthday Sex" and the "Theme Song" for the Welcome Back, Kotter TV-series. All of these were released for free on the internet, making it similar to a mixtape.
From March to April 2010, jj was on a nationwide tour in the United States with the British band The xx. Following the US tour, jj went on a minor tour through Europe with dates in Italy, France and Belgium among others.
jj's next release, following jj n° 3, was a mixtape named Kills. It was released as a free download on Christmas Eve 2010, at Sincerely Yours website.
In late March 2011, jj collaborated with fellow Swedish artist Yves Saint Lorentz to make an official remix of Rebecca & Fiona's single "Bullets". The remix was named "The End of the World".
jj's song "My Life" from jj n° 3 was featured in an official trailer for Battlefield 3 that was released in April 2011.
In summer 2011, jj collaborated with the American R&B singer Ne-Yo and released the song "We Can't Stop" as part of the Adult Swim Singles Program 2011. Later in 2011, they were involved in another collaboration with American rapper Don Trip to make the song "Cheers (jj’s Save Our Souls Remix)" for the magazine The Fader.
In September 2013 they collaborated with Adrian Lux on the song "Wild Child".
In May 2014, jj announced their third studio album entitled V, as in jj n° 5. At the same time they released the single "All White Everything" from the album. V was released on August 19, 2014.
On August 12, 2015 jj released the EP "Death" consisting of five new songs.
Discography
Studio albums
jj n° 2 (2009)
jj n° 3 (2010)
V (2014)
Mixtapes
Kills (2010)
Singles and EPs
"jj n° 1" (2009)
a jj 12" (2009)
"jj n° 4" (2012)
High Summer (2012)
Death (2015)
References
External links
Sincerely Yours
Secretly Canadian
Swedish electronic music groups
Electronic music duos
Musicians from the Balearic Islands
Secretly Canadian artists |
6905617 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One%20for%20the%20Road%20%28April%20Wine%20album%29 | One for the Road (April Wine album) | One for the Road is a live album by Canadian rock band April Wine, recorded during their "One More for the Road" tour in 1984 in support of their Animal Grace (1984) album.
Track listing
All tracks written by Myles Goodwyn unless otherwise noted.
"Anything You Want, You Got It" – 4:05
"I Like to Rock" – 3:56
"All Over Town" – 3:06
"Just Between You and Me" – 3:43
"Enough is Enough" – 3:47
"This Could be the Right One" – 4:16
"Sign of the Gypsy Queen" (Lorence Hud) – 5:11
"Like a Lover, Like a Song" – 4:55
"Comin' Right Down on Top of Me"
"Rock n' Roll is a Vicious Game" – 4:56
"Roller" – 4:16
Personnel
Myles Goodwyn – vocals, guitars, keyboards
Gary Moffet – guitars, background vocals
Steve Lang – bass, background vocals
Brian Greenway – vocals, guitars
Jerry Mercer – drums
April Wine albums
Albums produced by Mike Stone (record producer)
Albums produced by Myles Goodwyn
1985 live albums
Aquarius Records (Canada) live albums
Capitol Records live albums
EMI Records live albums |
23580675 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil%20Rupasinghe | Neil Rupasinghe | Don Jayawickramage Neil Rupasinghe (Don Jayawickramage Neel Rupasinghe) is a Sri Lankan politician, a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and a former government minister.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Government ministers of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Freedom Party politicians
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians |
44499880 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatimaan%20Express | Gatimaan Express | The 12049 / 12050 Gatimaan Express is India's first semi-high speed train that runs between Delhi and Jhansi. It takes 265 minutes (around 4.5 hours) to cover the journey from Hazrat Nizamuddin to Virangana Lakshmibai Junction railway stations with an average speed of .
The top operating speed of the Gatimaan Express is up to 160 km/h, which makes it the fastest regularly scheduled train service in India. Trial runs of other trains have been faster, and if the rail infrastructure on Vande Bharat Express routes were to be improved, it could also go as fast as the Gatiman Express.
History
In October 2014, the railways applied for safety certificate from Commission of Railway Safety to start the service. In June 2015, the train was officially announced. The train was launched on 5 April 2016 and completed its maiden journey between Nizamuddin and Agra Cantt within 100 minutes. But due to low occupancy, Indian Railways first extended this train from Agra to Gwalior on 19 February 2018 and then to Virangana Lakshmibai junction on 1 April 2018.
Loco link
The Gatimaan Express is regularly hauled by a WAP 5 electric locomotive from the Ghaziabad Loco Shed. WAP-5 locomotives 30007, 30140, 35020, 35008, 35007 & 30120 from the Ghaziabad (GZB) Electric locomotive Shed are used to haul this train in both directions. These locomotives are equipped with TPWS (Train Protection and Warning System).
Speed
The maximum permissible speed is 160 kmph but not for the whole journey. The maximum permissible speed is 120 kmph between H. Nizamuddin and Tughlakabad. Railway is trying to increase the maximum permissible speed of H. Nizamuddin - Tughlakabad route up to 130 kmph from 120 kmph and for this reason, maximum permissible speed of this train will be increased to 130 kmph between H. Nizamuddin and Tughlakabad. The maximum permissible speed is 160 kmph between Tughlakabad and Agra Cant and speed of this part makes it the train having highest speed in the country, the maximum permissible speed is 130 kmph between Agra Cant and Virangna Lakshmibai. Railway is planning to increase its speed to 160 kmph beyond Agra Cant.
See also
References
Express trains in India
Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh
Rail transport in Delhi
Railway services introduced in 2016
Transport in Delhi
Named passenger trains of India |
23580677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamini%20Rathnayake | Gamini Rathnayake | R. M. Gamini Rathnayake is a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna politicians
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians |
6905625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromore%20Central%20Primary%20School | Dromore Central Primary School | Dromore Central Primary School (colloquially referred to as "the Central") is a primary school located in Dromore, County Down, Northern Ireland. The original school building was built in 1938 and has approximately 600 pupils aged from 4–11 years in 29 classes. The schools aims "to promote the all-round development of every pupil". It is within the Southern Education and Library Board area.
The school is situated on the main Dromore to Banbridge road, only 300 yards from the Market Square.
Since 2001, the compulsory school uniform has consisted of a green pullover, a red polo-shirt and grey trousers, this replaced a brown-yellow uniform which had been worn since the 1970s.
History
The school, as it stands today and will hopefully be re used, was established in 1938 by the Down Education Authority, to replace the former Church of Ireland (Cathedral) School, which it neighboured, and the First Dromore Presbyterian Church School, as well as the Unitarian or Hunters' School. The school was extended to provide an extra block of classrooms and a dining hall with kitchen in 1979. Since, the school has seen the addition of mobile classrooms to help cope with the rising rolls. Prior to its present title, the school had been known as Dromore Public Elementary School, or simply the P.E. school.
New Building
In August 2006, the Southern Education and Library Board announced it was 'pursuing' the acquisition of a site at Mossvale Road in Dromore, for a replacement school for the over-stretched Dromore Central Primary School although for reasons rumoured to involve the site, no location has been officially selected to date. On 30 June 2007, the Tullymacarette Primary School sited 3 miles southwest of the town closed with all of its pupils being fed into Dromore Central, with the exception of those who desired to go to another school. The Dromore Town Centre Development Plan suggests that the existing site could be developed into a community centre or a hotel.
References
Dromore Central Primary School Official Website
GCS Dromore Pages
"New Home Agreed for School" - Lisburn Today
Schools Web Directory
House of Lords Hansard, November 2005
See also
List of primary schools in Northern Ireland
Primary schools in County Down
Educational institutions established in 1938
1938 establishments in Northern Ireland |
23580678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.%20B.%20Ratnayake | C. B. Ratnayake | Ratnayake Mudiyanselage Chandrasiri Bandara Ratnayake (known as C. B. Ratnayake) is a Sri Lankan politician, a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and a government minister.
References
Living people
Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 16th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna politicians
Sports ministers of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Freedom Party politicians
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
1958 births |
44499889 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard%20Vinken | Gerhard Vinken | Gerhard Vinken (born 15 April 1961 in Hannover) is a German art historian and a professor at the University of Bamberg.
Life
Gerhard Vinken studied Art History, Philosophy, and History in Freiburg, Paris and Berlin. He received his doctorate from the Free University of Berlin in 1995 with a dissertation on French Romanesque architecture. In 2008 he completed his habilitation in Art History at the University of Bern, Switzerland. From 1992 to 1994 he served as division head (Gebietsreferent) at the Brandenburg State Architectural Conservation Authority, then moved on to independent work on heritage conservation research projects until 2002. During this period he was also active as an author and journalist as well as a lecturer at the Ernst Moritz Arndt University in Greifswald, the Free University of Berlin and the Humboldt University in Berlin.
From 2003 to 2006 he was Acting Professor of Art History and Architectural Theory at RWTH Aachen University, then from 2009 to 2012 LOEWE Professor of Interdisciplinary Urban Studies in the Department of Architecture at Darmstadt Technical University. In 2012 he was awarded the Chair in Architectural Conservation / Heritage Sciences at the University of Bamberg, where he directs the Master's Program in Architectural and Heritage Conservation.
His research interests include the theory and history of architectural conservation, architectural and urban history and theory, and spatial theory.
Selected writings
Books
Denkmal – Werte – Bewertung. (ed., together with Birgit Franz), Veröffentlichung des Arbeitskreises Theorie und Lehre der Denkmalpflege e.V., Vol. 23, Holzminden 2014.
Zone Heimat. Altstadt im modernen Städtebau. Munich/Berlin 2010.
Dehio-Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler: Brandenburg. Munich/Berlin 2000, (ed. by Gerhard Vinken et al.; 2nd ed. 2012, revised by Barbara Rimpel).
Baustruktur und Heiligenkult. Romanische Sakralarchitektur in der Auvergne. Worms 1997.
Essays
Unstillbarer Hunger nach Echtem. Frankfurts neue Altstadt zwischen Rekonstruktion und Themenarchitektur. In: Forum Stadt. Zeitschrift für Stadtgeschichte, Stadtsoziologie, Denkmalpflege und Stadtentwicklung, 40, 2/2013, pp. 119–136.
Reproducing the City? Heritage and Eigenlogik. In: Urban Research & Practice, 5,3, 2012, pp. 325–334.
Freistellen – Rahmen – Zonieren. Räume und Raumtheorie in der Denkmalpflege. In: Suzana Alpsancar, Petra Gehring, Marc Rölli (eds.): Raumprobleme – Philosophische Perspektiven." Munich 2011, pp. 161–180.
Ort und Bahn. Die Räume der modernen Stadt bei Le Corbusier und Rudolf Schwarz. In: Cornelia Jöchner (ed.): Räume der Stadt. Von der Antike bis heute. Berlin 2008, pp. 147–164.
Stadt – Denkmal – Bild. Wider die homogenen Bilder der Heimat. In: Hans-Rudolf Meier (ed.): Dresden. StadtBild und Denkmalpflege. Konstruktion und Rezeption von Bildern der Stadt. Berlin 2008, pp. 162–175.
Ad memoriam patris Benedicti. The Cult of Death and the Art of Memory: The Romanesque Abbey Church of Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire. In: Anselm Haverkamp (ed.): Memory Inc. New York 1996, pp. 15–18.
External links
Literature by and about Gerhard Vinken in the catalogue of the German National Library
Website of the Chair for Architectural Conservation / Heritage Sciences at Bamberg University
Gerhard Vinken's page at the Centre for Mediaeval Studies (ZEMAS) at Bamberg University
Living people
1961 births
21st-century German historians
German male non-fiction writers |
23580680 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero%20of%20War | Hero of War | "Hero of War" is a 2008 song by Rise Against from the album Appeal to Reason. The song was mistaken to be the album's third single, after a music video of the song was released on the band's Myspace on May 20, 2009. However, it was later revealed it was just a promotional video and "Savior" is in fact, the third single.
Recording
Lead vocalist Tim McIlrath wrote the music and lyrics for "Hero of War" during the recording sessions of Rise Against's fifth album Appeal to Reason. Toward the completion of Appeal to Reason, McIlrath thought to include an acoustic song he had written earlier in the sessions, but was not sure if it would fit with the rest of the hardcore music on the album. He told producer Bill Stevenson about a possible acoustic song he had written from the perspective of a war veteran. By coincidence, Stevenson had just thought about writing an anti-war song, and after listening to the acoustic song, he convinced McIlrath to include it on the album.
Song meaning
The song starts out with an army recruiter asking the protagonist, a potential recruit, to enlist. With promises of adventure and money, he does indeed sign up. At the end of the song, the protagonist, now a veteran, recalls with bitter irony the army recruiter's promise that signing up would mean he could "see the world".
The protagonist sees how destructive wars are, including the destruction of his own moral scruples, as the protagonist is convinced, after initially protesting, to join in and participate in the torture of a prisoner. The soldier repeatedly declares his loyalty and trust in his country's flag, but after killing a woman who he later learns was carrying a white flag, he changes his mind about his former flag-waving patriotism, instead putting his trust now in the white flag. Near the end, the veteran reacts with revulsion to those who see him as "A hero of war, is that what they see? Just medals and scars, so damn proud of me." Tim says he was expressing sarcasm because many people treat soldiers like heroes, even though many don't feel like heroes.
Tim McIlrath wrote this song due to the violence in the war, but also for the troops that serve overseas protecting their respective countries.
Music video
A music video was made for the song, although it wasn't released as a single from the album, and thus the song was mistaken to be the album's third single. The music video was released on May 20, 2009, on the band's Myspace page.
The video fades between lead singer Tim McIlrath sitting and singing the song while playing the acoustic guitar, and shots of soldiers in war. Along these are clips of a visibly distressed soldier. The video ends with the soldier walking down a street, bare-chested, with paint on his face, while sirens go off in the background, implying he had descended into violence due to PTSD while in normal society.
Personnel
Tim McIlrath – lead vocals, Acoustic guitar
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
See also
List of anti-war songs
References
Rise Against songs
2008 songs
Anti-war songs
Songs about the military
Songs about soldiers
Songs written by Tim McIlrath
Songs written by Zach Blair
Songs written by Joe Principe
Songs written by Brandon Barnes |
23580685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarathchandra%20Rajakaruna | Sarathchandra Rajakaruna | Rajakaruna Mohotti Appuhamillage Sarathchandra Rajakaruna (known as Sarath Chandra Rajakaruna; 22 July 1940 – 10 January 2011) was a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.
Members of the 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
United National Party politicians
2011 deaths
1940 births
Ministers of state of Sri Lanka
Non-cabinet ministers of Sri Lanka
Deputy ministers of Sri Lanka |
23580688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utel | Utel | Utel may refer to:
Utel (telecommunications), Ukrainian mobile phone operator
Utel (bishop), Bishop of Hereford who lived in the 8th century |
44499899 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayuge%20Sugar%20Industries%20Limited | Mayuge Sugar Industries Limited | Mayuge Sugar Industries Limited (MSIL) is a sugar manufacturer in Uganda, the third-largest economy in the East African Community.
Location
Mayuge Sugar Industries Limited is located on the Musita–Mayuge–Lumino–Majanji–Busia Road, in Mayuge District in the Eastern Region of Uganda, about northwest of the town of Mayuge, the location of the district headquarters. This is about south of Iganga, the nearest large town. The main factory of the company is located approximately , by road, east of Jinja, the largest city in the largest city in the sub-region. The coordinates of the company headquarters and factory are 0°30'21.0"N, 33°24'55.0"E (Latitude:0.505824; Longitude:33.415278).
Overview
The company is a medium-sized sugar manufacturer, established in 2005, with production capacity of 60,000 metric tonnes annually. The sugar factory also owns and operates Mayuge Thermal Power Station, a 1.6 megawatt co-generation electric facility, with expandable capacity to 22 MW. MSIL is one of the newer sugar producers in the country that contributed to the projected national output of 450,000 metric tonnes expected in 2004.
Ownership
MSIL is a wholly owned subsidiary of Maheswaris & Patels Group of Companies (M&P Group), an industrial conglomerate, whose interests include sugar manufacturing, electricity generation, steel manufacturing, metal fabrication and construction.
Memberships
Mayuge Sugar Industries Limited is not a member of Uganda Sugar Manufacturers Association (USMA), an industry group of leading sugar manufacturers in the county. The company is a member of Uganda Manufacturers Association (UMA), an industry group.
See also
Economy of Uganda
List of sugar manufacturers in Uganda
References
External links
Official website
Companies established in 2005
Mayuge District
Eastern Region, Uganda
Sugar companies of Uganda
Agriculture in Uganda
Agriculture companies established in 2005
2005 establishments in Uganda |
23580690 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.%20Radhakrishnan%20%28politician%29 | P. Radhakrishnan (politician) | Perumalpillai Radhakrishnan (born 30 April 1941) was a Sri Lankan politician and the Deputy Minister for Vocational and Technical Training. Radhakrishnan served on the Consultative Committee on Religious Affairs and Moral Upliftment. He was also a member of a 5 persons special panel appointed by The President to look into the spate of kidnapping and murders during the height of the civil war.
References
Sri Lankan Tamil politicians
Sri Lankan Hindus
Living people
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
1941 births |
23580693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athuraliye%20Rathana%20Thero | Athuraliye Rathana Thero | Venerable Athuraliye Rathana Thero (: born 5 October 1962), is a Sri Lankan Bhikkhu politician and a member of parliament. He is the only representative from Our Power of People's Party in the current parliament.
Personal life
He was born on 5 October 1962 in Athuraliya in the Matara District, as Ranjith Welikanda as the youngest in a family with seven siblings. His father Peirishamy Welikanda did gem testing as a profession. His mother Ceciliyana Halgamuwa was a housewife. He got his basic education from Athuraliya Maha Vidyalaya up to grade 8. On 11 May 1976, at the age of fourteen, he became a Buddhist monk, taking on the name, Athuraliye Rathana. He was ordained to the Saddhammawansa Nikaya, a pioneer of the Amarapura Nikaya, by Wadiye Sumangala thero and Polathugoda Gnaanaloka thero.
As a Buddhist monk
He received Buddhist education from Jayasumana Pirivena at Matara and at Shishyalankara Pirivena at Ambalangoda. He got his higher education at the Pinnawatta Pirivena, Panadura. After passing the exam he entered University of Peradeniya, and obtained his Bachelor of Arts (Hons) degree in Philosophy and later completed his master's degree in Philosophy. He also studied scriptures of Theravada, Mahayana and Vajrayana extensively. Then he wrote the book which contained a comparative study upon the differences between the philosophical differences of Mahayana and Theravada traditions. He also wrote the book with an annotation to the Maha Satipattana Sutta.
The book called the "Buddha In You" explaining the essence of the Dhamma. He authored another book called, "Buddhism for Sustainability" which explains how the Buddhist way of life can be the alternative to the modern materialistic life style with an over consumption that has given rise to many forms of crisis.
In 2001, he delivered a special lecture on "Modern environmental crisis and solutions through the Buddhist philosophy" at the International Conference at the University of Bath in England, held in Tripura, in India. He also delivered a key note address at the International Network of Engaged Buddhists (INEB) conference held in Taiwan in 2020.
Political career
When he was a university student he was a pioneer activist in student's movements. After obtaining degree in 1994, he gave leadership to an active peoples movement called the "Janatha Mithuro" (The friends of people) to defeat the then UNP government.
Before entering politics, he made an extensive work on western and eastern philosophical ideas. He has especially studied the Marxist philosophy. He participated UN summit, representing the Government of Sri Lanka in multiple occasions. Once, he delivered a speech, representing the Buddhist representatives at the Inter Religious Federation conference, which was chaired by the President of France, which was held along with the summit. In that conference he presented a special report with the theme, "How to achieve the goals of the United Nations".
He gave the leadership to build the Nationalist Bhikku movement called Jathika Sangha Sammelanaya (National Congress of Buddhist Clergy) which played an immense role in the political struggle against the Tamil separatism. Along with Sihala Urumaya and National Movement against Terrorism, Rathana Thero build a nationalist movement called Patriotic Nationalist Front and started addressing to the Nationalist sentiments.
Rathana was a founding member of the Jathika Hela Urumaya (JHU) in February 2004, a Sinhala Buddhist nationalist party in Sri Lanka where he became the National Organizer of that party. In a short period of campaign JHU could win about 550,000 votes and the party secured 9 seats in the parliament at Parliamentary Election. Then he was selected as a parliamentarian from Gampaha district and he was given the responsibility to act as the parliamentary team leader of the party. JHU played a major role in defeating anti war pacifistic sentiments that were made popular by the government programs such as "Sudu Nelum" and "Thavalam". Rathana thero played a key role in the JHU within the parliament and outside the parliament. He was a member in the parliamentary main committee.
In 2005, with the help of JHU, Mahinda Rajapaksa secure a narrow victory over Ranil Wickramasinghe in the 2005 Presidential election. In 2015, Rathana and the JHU played a major role in defeating Mahinda Rajapaksa and making Maithripala Sirisena President. He represented many advisory committees. In the 2015 general election Rathana Thero was a national list nominee of the United People’s Freedom Alliance. He was appointed to the parliament after United National Party won the election.
On 19 March 2019, he started a hunger strike in front of the Temple of the Tooth. It was initiated for being asked to step down the posts of then Minister Rishad Bathiudeen, Governor of the Western Province Azath Salley and Governor of the Eastern Province M. L. A. M. Hizbullah. Then on 31 June 2019, Forty monks, including Rathana Thero, began a deadly hunger strike at the Temple of the Tooth for the same course. In the fourth day of fast, he ended his hunger strike after officially announcing the resignation of Azath Salley and M. L. A. M. Hizbullah from their posts. He was rushed to hospital and treated at the Surgical Intensive Care Unit of the Kandy General Hospital.
On 19 June 2019, Rathana Thero lodged a written complaint with Acting IGP C.D. Wickremaratne against the Criminal Investigations Department where he has charged that the CID has failed to carry out a proper investigation into the allegations leveled against Dr. Shafi Shihabdeen from Kurunegala.
On 18 December 2020, Rathana Thero was announced as the National List seat representative won by Our People's Party at the 2020 Sri Lankan parliamentary election. At the election, OPP polled 67,758 votes as a percentage of 0.58% and won one seat. On 5 January 2021, he sworn as the National List Member of Parliament and has decided to take a seat in the opposition party.
Humanitarian efforts
At the civil war period in 2005, Rathana thero mostly lived in the threatened areas, helping the affected people and encouraging the armed forces. During Maithripala Sirisena government, Rathana Thero initiated a program to popularize the renewable energy and the sustainable development.
He initiated another serious project to reverse the harmful farming system, in which the pesticides, weedicides and chemical fertilizers are abundantly used in the process of farming, to the carbonic farming in which harmful poisonous substances are not used. After a long struggle Rathana Thero was successful in banning glyphosate and promoting carbonic farming as a national policy.
See also
Maduluwawe Sobitha Thero
References
External links
Pivithuru Hetak National Movement
1962 births
Jathika Hela Urumaya politicians
Living people
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 16th Parliament of Sri Lanka
People from Matara District
Sri Lankan Buddhist monks
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians |
6905628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20municipalities%20of%20the%20Metropolitan%20City%20of%20Reggio%20Calabria | List of municipalities of the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria | The following is a list of the 97 municipalities (comuni) of the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria, Calabria, Italy.
List
See also
List of municipalities of Italy
References
Reggio Calabria |
23580696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijitha%20Ranaweera | Vijitha Ranaweera | Vijitha Ranaweera is a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna politicians
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians |
23580697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayatissa%20Ranaweera | Jayatissa Ranaweera | Arachchige Jayatissa Ranaweera is a Sri Lankan politician, former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and a former government minister. Currently he is a Member of the Sabaragamuwa Provincial Council and hold the position of Council Chairman Post
References
Living people
Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Government ministers of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Freedom Party politicians
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
1956 births |
6905634 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egidius%20Braun | Egidius Braun | Egidius Braun (27 February 1925 – 16 March 2022) was a German sports administrator who served as the eighth president of the German Football Association (, DFB) from 1992 to 2001. Subsequently, he was appointed Honorary President. That same year, Braun founded the "DFB Foundation Egidius Braun", which takes care of distressed youth. Furthermore, the "Egidius-Braun Award" is awarded by the WDR. In 1985, he was awarded the Grand Cross with Star and Sash of the Bundesverdienstkreuz.
Life
Braun was born in Breinig. At the age of 13, he was playing for SV Breinig. After graduation in 1943 in Alsdorf, he became a soldier in World War II and was taken prisoner, from which he was released in 1946. After returning, Braun studied law and philosophy and founded the company "Kartoffel-Braun" (Braun Potatoes). In addition he played football in the first team of SV Breinig. From 19 August 1956 to 20 February 1959, he was chairman of the club.
On 4 August 1973, Braun was elected president of the Middle Rhine Football Association and a member of the DFB Advisory Board. On 25 August of the same year he became Vice President of the Western German Football Association.
From 1983 to 1987, Braun was a member of the board of 1. FC Köln. On his 60th birthday, 27 February 1985, he was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit 1st class. He received the Federal Cross of Merit with Star in 1997. For his services to the country of North Rhine-Westphalia he was honored with the Order of Merit of the country in 1995.
From 1977 to 1992 he was treasurer of the DFB. On 24 October 1992, Braun was elected the eighth president of the DFB. That same year he also became a member of the board for the National Olympic Committee. Braun remained DFB president until 28 April 2001.
During the World Cup 1986 in Mexico, Braun visited with some international players, a Mexican orphanage and founded, in the wake of misery, Mexico Help of the Egidius Braun Foundation. Also due to his charitable commitment, Braun received many sympathies within the DFB, UEFA and from the whole environment of German football. Nonetheless, he was not spared of problematic situations. After the Germany national team was defeated at the 1994 FIFA World Cup in the United States, Braun had to justify his solidarity with criticized German national coach Berti Vogts. The "Bild" newspaper urged Vogts to resign. Two years later, national coach Vogts, won the European Championship.
Braun was married; the couple had two sons. He was a hunter and nature lover. The supporter of Alemannia lived in Aachen. On 16 October 2006, he suffered a stroke.
He died in Aachen on 16 March 2022, at the age of 97.
Activities in UEFA
1980 to 2000 member of the UEFA European Championship Organizing Committee (from 24 June 1992 Chairman)
1988 to 2000 member of the UEFA Executive Committee
1992 to 2000 vice-president of UEFA
1995 to 1996 Acting treasurer of UEFA
1996 to 2000 UEFA Treasurer
References
External links
Egidius Braun at dfb.de
DFB-Stiftung Egidius Braun
Fußball-Verband Mittelrhein e.V.
Biografie Homepage of SV Breinig
1925 births
2022 deaths
Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Recipients of the Order of Merit of Berlin
Members of the Order of Merit of North Rhine-Westphalia
Grand Officers of the Order of Merit of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
German football chairmen and investors
German prisoners of war in World War II
People from Stolberg (Rhineland) |
20474592 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN%20Heroes | CNN Heroes | CNN Heroes: An All-Star Tribute is a television special created by CNN to honor individuals who make extraordinary contributions to humanitarian aid and make a difference in their communities. The program was started in 2007. Since 2016, the program was hosted by Anderson Cooper and Kelly Ripa. Honorees are introduced during the fall of each year and the audience is encouraged to vote online for the CNN Hero of the Year. Ten recipients are honored and each receive US$10,000. The top recipient is chosen as the CNN Hero of the Year and receives an additional US$100,000 to continue their work. During the broadcast celebrating their achievements, the honorees are introduced by celebrities who actively support their charity work. To celebrate the 10th anniversary, the 2016 edition had an additional segment where five previous Hero of the Year winners were chosen as candidates for the Superhero of the Year award, which was decided with an online poll.
Heroes
2007
The 18 CNN Heroes finalists for 2007 were (in alphabetical order):
Florence Cassassuce, La Paz, Mexico
Kayla Cornale, of Burlington, Ontario, Canada
Mathias Craig, of San Francisco
Irania Martinez Garcia, of Guantanamo, Cuba
Pablo Fajardo, of Ecuador
Rangina Hamidi, of Stone Ridge, Virginia, United States
Rick Hodes, of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Lynwood Hughes, of Rocky Mount, North Carolina, United States
Dallas Jessup, of Vancouver, Washington, United States
Peter Kithene, of Seattle, Washington, United States
Scott Loeff, of Chicago, Illinois, United States
Mark Maksimowicz, of St. Petersburg, Florida, United States
James McDowell, of Patchogue, New York, United States
Anne McGee, of Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
Josh Miller, of Santa Monica, California, United States
Rosemary Nyirumbe, of Uganda
Steve Peifer, of Kijabe, Kenya
S. Ramakrishnan, of Ayikydy, India
Julie Rems-Smario, of Oakland, California, United States
Scott Southworth, of USA
2008
The Top 10 CNN Heroes of 2008 were (in alphabetical order):
Tad Agoglia, of Long Island, New York, United States
Yohannes Gebregeorgis, of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Carolyn LeCroy, of Norfolk, Virginia, United States
Anne Mahlum, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Liz McCartney, of St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana, United States: CNN 2008 Hero of the Year
Phymean Noun, of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
David Puckett, of Savannah, Georgia, United States
Maria Ruiz, of El Paso, Texas, United States
Marie Da Silva, of (Malawi), residing in Los Angeles, California, United States
Viola Vaughn, of Kaolack, Senegal
2009
The Top 10 CNN Heroes of 2009 were (in alphabetical order):
Jorge Munoz, of Queens, New York, United States
Jordan Thomas, of Chattanooga, Tennessee, United
Budi Soehardi, of Kupang, Indonesia
Betty Makoni, of London, United Kingdom
Doc Hendley, of Blowing Rock, North Carolina, United States
Efren Peñaflorida, of Cavite City, Philippines: 2009 CNN Hero of the Year
Derrick Tabb, of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
Roy Foster, of Palm Beach, Florida, United States
Andrea Ivory, of West Park, Florida, United States
Brad Blauser, of Dallas, Texas, United States
2010
The top 10 CNN Heroes of 2010 (in alphabetical order):
Guadalupe Arizpe De La Vega of Juarez, Mexico
Susan Burton of California, United States
Linda Fondren of Mississippi, United States
Anuradha Koirala of Kathmandu, Nepal: 2010 CNN Hero of the year
Narayanan Krishnan of Madurai, India
Magnus MacFarlane-Barrow of Scotland, United Kingdom
Harmon Parker of Kenya, Africa
Aki Ra of Cambodia
Evans Wadongo of Kenya, Africa
Dan Wallrath of Texas, United States
Also all of the 33 Chilean Miners came on the show to be honored after the 2010 Copiapó mining accident before awards were given out to the list of heroes shown above. Kareem Taylor is the promotional voice for the commercial campaign leading up to the show.
2011
The top 10 CNN Heroes of 2011 (in alphabetical order):
Eddie Canales of Texas, United States
Taryn Davis of North Carolina, United States
Sal Dimiceli of Wisconsin, United States
Derreck Kayongo of Atlanta, United States
Diane Latiker of Chicago, United States
Robin Lim of Bali, Indonesia: 2011 CNN Hero of the year
Patrice Millet of Haiti
Bruno Serato of Anaheim, California, United States
Richard St. Denis of Mexico
Amy Stokes of South Africa
2012
The top 10 CNN Heroes of 2012 (in alphabetical order):
Pushpa Basnet of Kathmandu, Nepal: 2012 CNN Hero of the year
Wanda Butts of Ohio, United States
Mary Cortani of California, United States
Catalina Escobar of Cartagena, Colombia
Razia Jan of Afghanistan, with an organization located in Massachusetts, United States
Thulani Madondo of Kliptown, South Africa
Leo McCarthy of Montana, United States
Connie Siskowski of New Jersey, United States
Scott Strode of Colorado, United States
Malya Villard-Appolon of Kofaviv, Haiti
The 3 Young Wonders of 2012 (in alphabetical order):
Cassandra Lin
Will Lourcey
Jessica Rees
2013
The top 10 CNN Heroes of 2013 (in alphabetical order):
Dale Beatty, co-founder of Purple Heart Homes
George Bwelle
Robin Emmons
Danielle Gletow, founder of One Simple Wish
Tawanda Jones
Richard Nares
Kakenya Ntaiya
Chad Pregracke of the USA: 2013 CNN Hero of the year
Estella Pyfrom, creator of "Estalla's Brilliant Bus"
Laura Stachel
2014
The top 10 CNN Heroes of 2014 (in alphabetical order):
Arthur Bloom of the United States
Jon Burns of the United Kingdom
Pen Farthing of the United Kingdom: 2014 CNN Hero of the year
Elimelech Goldberg of the United States
Leela Hazzah of Kenya
Patricia Kelly of the United States
Annette March-Grier of the United States
Ned Norton of the United States
Juan Pablo Romero Fuentes of Guatemala
Dr. Wendy Ross of the United States
The 3 Young Wonders of 2014 (in alphabetical order):
Lily Born
Maria Keller, Read Indeed,
Joshua Williams, Joshua's Heart
2015
The top 10 CNN Heroes of 2015:
Maggie Doyne, of New Jersey, United States: 2015 CNN Hero of the year
Jim Withers, United States
Monique Pool, of Suriname
Richard Joyner, United States
Sean Gobin, United States
Bhagwati Agrawal, India
Kim Carter, United States
Rochelle Ripley, United States
Jody Farley-Berens
Daniel Ivankovich, United States
2016
The top 10 CNN Heroes of 2016:
Jeison Aristizábal of Cali, Colombia: 2016 CNN Hero of the year
Craig Dodson, United States
Sherri Franklin, United States
Brad Ludden, United States
Luma Mufleh, United States
Georgie Smith, United States
Umra Omar, Kenya
Sheldon Smith, United States
Becca Stevens, United States
Harry Swimmer, United States
Pushpa Basnet, of Kathmandu, Nepal: 10th Anniversary CNN SuperHero
2017
The top 10 CNN Heroes of 2017:
Stan Hays
Samir Lakhani
Jennifer Maddox
Rosie Mashale
Andrew Manzi
Leslie Morissette
Mona Patel
Khali Sweeney
Aaron Valencia
Amy Wright: 2017 CNN Hero of the year
2018
The top 10 CNN Heroes of 2018:
Abisoye Ajayi-Akinfolarin
Maria Rose Belding
Amanda Boxtel
Rob Gore
Luke Mickelson
Susan Munsey
Florence Phillips
Ricardo Pun-Chong: 2018 CNN Hero of the Year
Ellen Stackable
Chris Stout
2019
The top 10 CNN Heroes of 2019 each received US$10,000. The 2019 CNN Hero of the Year received an additional US$100,000. The top 10 CNN Heroes of 2019:
Staci Alonso, Noah's Animal House (pet shelter for escaping domestic violence)
Najah Bazzy, Zaman International (helping women & children living in poverty)
Woody Faircloth, RV4CampfireFamily.org
Freweini Mebrahtu, 2019 CNN Hero of the Year, Dignity Period (helping Ethiopian girls stay in school)
Mark Meyers
Richard Miles
Roger Montoya
Mary Robinson
Afroz Shah
Zach Wigal
The 4 Young Wonders of 2019 (in alphabetical order):
Jemima Browning, Tadcaster Stingrays
Grace Callwood, We Cancerve Movement
Bradley Ferguson, Post Crashers
Jahkil Jackson, Project I Am
2020
The 14th Annual CNN Heroes: An All-Star Tribute focused solely on inspirational heroes from the biggest stories of the year -- the fight against coronavirus and the battle for racial equity and social justice. Frontline workers, advocates, scientists, Young Wonders and everyday people were saluted and 8 nonprofit organizations working to tackle these issues were highlighted. Each organization received $10,000 and viewers were encouraged to donate to these vetted, trusted organizations.
In lieu of the traditional Top 10 and CNN Hero of the Year, the 2020 edition saw viewers selecting the year's Most Inspirational Moments.
The nonprofit organizations highlighted included:
AdoptAClassroom.org
Bring Change To Mind
Center for Disaster Philanthropy
Equal Justice Initiative
IssueVoter
Make-A-Wish America
Water.org
World Central Kitchen
The 3 Young Wonders of 2020 (in alphabetical order):
Cavanaugh Bell, Cool & Dope
Tiana Day, Youth Advocates for Change
TJ Kim, Operation SOS
2021
The 15th Annual CNN Heroes All-Star Tribute returned to the long-running shows' traditional format honoring the Top 10 CNN Heroes of 2021 with viewers voting online for the CNN Hero of the Year. Shirley Raines was selected as the 2021 CNN Hero of the Year.
Honorees included:
Jennifer Colpas, Colombia - Tierra Grata
Lynda Doughty, United States - Marine Mammals of Maine
David Flink, United States - Eye To Eye
Dr. Patricia Gordon, United States - Cure Cervical Cancer
Hector Guadalupe, United States - A Second U Foundation
Michele Neff Hernandez, United States - Soaring Spirits
Zannah Mustapha, Nigeria - Future Prowess Islamic Foundation
Shirley Raines, United States - Beauty 2 The Streetz
Made Janur Yasa, Indonesia - Plastic Exchange
Young Wonders recognized included:
Chelsea Phaire, United States - Chelsea's Charity
Jordan Mittler, United States - Mittler Senior Technology
Awards
In 2020, the program's director, Brett Kelly, received the inaugural Outstanding Direction News & Documentary Emmy Award for its 2019 13th Annual Show. In 2019, the program was nominated for the News & Documentary Emmy Award for Outstanding News Special for its 2018 12th Annual show.
In 2017, the program received a News & Documentary Emmy Award for Outstanding Lighting Direction and Scenic Design its 2016 10th Annual show.
In 2012, the program received a Peabody Award for its 2011 campaign and show. CNN Heroes has also been nominated for additional News & Documentary Emmy Awards and is the winner of 3 Gracies.
See also
List of awards for volunteerism and community service
References
External links
Official CNN Heroes website
CNN
American annual television specials |
23580702 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wijeyadasa%20Rajapakshe | Wijeyadasa Rajapakshe | Wijeyadasa Rajapakse, MP, PC (born 16 March 1959) is a Sri Lankan lawyer and politician. He is the current Minister of Justice and previously served in the same ministry from 2015 to 2017. He was the Prime Minister's nominee for the Constitutional Council (Sri Lanka) During the 2018 Sri Lankan constitutional crisis, he had briefly served as the Minister of Education and Higher Education and his post was suspended by the court in 2018.
Political career
In May 2004 he was appointed as a Member of Parliament to represent the ruling Party, Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) and was offered the Ministry of Constitutional Affairs which was refused by him. Later he continued as the only Member of Parliament on the government side, without holding any portfolio. Following the 2005 presidential elections, President Mahinda Rajapaksa appointed him as the Minister of State Banking Development in November 2005, but he resigned in April 2006 on a matter of policy. He also resigned from the post of the party organiser in the Maharagama electorate. Thereafter he was elected the Chairman of the Committee On Public Enterprises in July 2006 and presented the first report in January 2007, which led to serious controversies both local and overseas. He gained publicity for
highlighting corruption in the public sector. In 2007, LMD magazine named him "Sri Lankan of the year 2007".
In 2010, he was elected to Parliament from the Colombo District. In 2012, he was elected President of the Bar Association of Sri Lanka. During his tenure he led the Bar Association in support of former Chief Justice Shirani Bandaranayake during her impeachment. Following the 2015 presidential election he was appointed Minister of Justice. In 2017, he was sacked from his ministerial position by President Maithripala Sirisena at the request by the United National Party due to his views against the privatisation and involvement of the judiciary by the government. He was appointed Minister of Higher Education and Cultural Affairs in May 2018. In 2018, with the on set of the 2018 Sri Lankan constitutional crisis, he was appointed to the new cabinet of ministers headed by Mahinda Rajapaksa as the Minister of Education and Higher Education in October 2018.
References
External links
Living people
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 16th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Freedom Party politicians
United National Party politicians
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
1959 births
Justice ministers of Sri Lanka
Labour ministers of Sri Lanka
Buddha Sasana Ministers of Sri Lanka |
6905638 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20Council%20%28Qing%20dynasty%29 | Grand Council (Qing dynasty) | The Grand Council or Junji Chu (; Manchu: coohai nashūn i ba; literally, "Office of Military Secrets"), officially the Banli Junji Shiwu Chu (; "Office for the Handling of Confidential Military Affairs"), was an important policy-making body of China during the Qing dynasty. It was established in 1733 by the Yongzheng Emperor. The council was originally in charge of military affairs, but gradually attained a more important role and eventually attained the role of a privy council, eclipsing the Grand Secretariat in function and importance, which is why it has become known as the "Grand Council" in English.
Despite its important role in the government, the Grand Council remained an informal policy making body in the inner court and its members held other concurrent posts in the Qing civil service. Originally, most of the officials serving in the Grand Council were Manchus, but gradually Han Chinese officials were admitted into the ranks of the council. One of the earliest Han Chinese officials to serve in the council was Zhang Tingyu. The chancellery was housed in an insignificant building just west of the gate to Palace of Heavenly Purity in the Forbidden City.
Origins of the Grand Council
Council of Princes and High Officials
In the early Qing dynasty, political power was held by the Council of Princes and High Officials (議政王大臣會議), which consisted of eight imperial princes who served as imperial advisers at the same time. It also included a few Manchu officials. Established in 1637, the council was responsible for deciding major policies of the Qing government. Decisions of the council had precedence over decisions of the Grant Secretariat, the imperial cabinet. Under rules set by Nurhaci, the Council even had the power to depose the Emperor. In 1643, the Shunzhi Emperor expanded the council's composition to Han Chinese officials, with its mandate expanded to all important decisions relating to the Qing Empire. The council's powers gradually waned after the establishment of the Southern Study and the Grand Council, and it was abolished in 1717.
Southern Study
The Southern Study (; Manchu: Julergi bithei boo) was an institution that held the highest policy-making power after its establishment in 1677. It was abolished in 1898. The Southern Study was built by the Kangxi Emperor in the southwestern corner of the Palace of Heavenly Purity. Members of the Hanlin Academy, selected based on literary merit, were posted to the Study so that the Emperor had easy access to them when he sought counsel or discussion. When posted to the Study, officials were known as "[having] access to the Southern Study" (南書房行走). Because of their proximity to the Emperor, official posted to the Study became highly influential to the Emperor. After the establishment of the Grand Council, the Southern Study remained an important institution but lost its policy advisory role. Officials regarded secondment to the Southern Study as an honourable recognition of their literary achievements. In Chinese, the term "access to the Southern Study" in modern usage indicates a person who, through channels other than formal government office, has significant influence over leaders of the government.
Establishment of the Grand Council
In 1729, the Yongzheng Emperor launched a military offensive against the Dzungar Khanate. Concerns were raised that the meeting location of the Grand Secretariat (outside the Gate of Supreme Harmony) did not ensure security for military secrets. The Junjichu was then established in the Inner Court of the Forbidden City. Trustworthy members of Cabinet staff were then seconded to work in the new Office. After defeating the Dzungars, the Yongzheng Emperor found that the streamlined operations of the Office of Military Secrets avoided problems with bureaucratic inefficiency. As a result, the Junjichu turned from a temporary institution into a "Grand Council" in 1732, quickly outstripping the powers of the Council of Advisor Princes, and the Southern Study, to become the chief policy-making body of the Qing Empire.
The Qing Grand Council (1738-1911)
The Interim Council and Reestablishing the Grand Council
In 1735, the Yongzheng Emperor died and was succeeded by his son, the Qianlong Emperor. Shortly before his death, the Yongzheng Emperor established an interim council to assist his son. The Interim Council soon consolidated many of the "Inner Court" agencies of the Yongzheng era, and expanded its power. Three years later, in 1738, the Interim Council disbanded and the Grand Council was reconstituted.
During the Qianlong Emperor's reign, the Grand Council had many duties. Some of them included more mundane duties such as keeping track of paperwork and planning events, such as entertainments for the imperial court and transportation of the Emperor. Other duties were more tied to state administration, such as drafting edicts, and advising the Emperor on various policies and problems. Its proximity to the Emperor and inner court, secrecy and unofficial status allowed it to expand and sustained its central role in state administration, and also freed it from some of the constraints of many of the outer-court agencies.
The Grand Council after the Qianlong era
In 1796, the Qianlong Emperor abdicated in favor of his son, the Jiaqing Emperor. Upon his father's death three years later, in 1799, the Jiaqing Emperor, along with purging his father's favorite, Heshen, who had served on the Grand Council since 1776, introduced numerous reforms to the Grand Council, including a reduction of the numbers of grand councilors, the introduction of administrative punishments for grand councilors, and the regulation of Grand Council clerk appointments by imperial audiences.
The Grand Council Under Empress Dowager Cixi
During the regencies of the empress dowagers Ci'an and Cixi, the Grand Council took on many of the decision-making duties, particularly as the two women were novices in affairs of state. Soon after the two women became regents for the Tongzhi Emperor in 1861, edicts went out detailing how state papers and affairs were to be dealt with, with many of the policies being decided by the Grand Council. Papers were to be first sent to the empress dowagers, who would refer them back to the Prince-Regent, Prince Gong, who oversaw the Grand Council. The Grand Council would then discuss the issue and seek the discretion of the empress dowagers and draft up orders accordingly, with edict drafts having to be approved by the empress dowagers. Such a configuration would lead Zeng Guofan to remark after an audience in 1869 that "the state of affairs hinged entirely on the Grand Councillors....whose power surpassed that of the imperial master." This configuration survived the regency for the Tongzhi Emperor and lasted into the regency of the Guangxu Emperor.
After the Guangxu Emperor formally took over the reins of power from his regent, Empress Dowager Cixi, both the Grand Council and the Emperor often sought the advice of the Empress Dowager, who was kept informed of state affairs. In fact, in 1894, with the outbreak of the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894, copies of memoranda from the Grand Council were sent both to the Guangxu Emperor and Empress Dowager Cixi, which was practiced until 1898, at which point the Empress Dowager resumed her "tutelage" of the Guangxu Emperor. From that time until the nearly simultaneous deaths of Empress Dowager Cixi and the Guangxu Emperor a decade later, they jointly received the Grand Council at audiences.
Abolition
With the deaths of Empress Dowager Cixi and the Guangxu Emperor in 1908, Puyi, Guangxu's nephew, succeeded to the throne. Eventually, in May 1911, Puyi's father, Prince Chun, who was Prince-Regent, abolished the Grand Council favoring an "Imperial Cabinet". Yikuang, the Prime Minister at the time, founded the first Imperial Cabinet in 1911. The Qing dynasty, despite this concession to those calling for reform, collapsed not long after.
Composition
The number of officials comprising the Council varied from time to time, from as few as three to as many as ten. Usually, the number of officials serving in the council was five, two Manchus, two Han Chinese and one Prince of the First Rank, who acted as the council's president. The most senior among them was called the Chief Councillor (), but this was simply a working designation and was not an official title.
Notable Grand Council members
Zhang Tingyu
Heshen
Sushun
Prince Gong
Prince Chun
Weng Tonghe
Ronglu
Prince Qing
Qu Hongji
Tan Sitong, executed for supporting the Hundred Days Reform
Yu Minzhong (Chief)
References
Citations
Sources
Further reading
Ho, Alfred Kuo-liang. "The Grand Council in the Ch'ing Dynasty." The Far Eastern Quarterly 11, no. 2 (1952): 167–82.
Government of the Qing dynasty
Government of Imperial China
1733 establishments in China |
6905643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prickett%27s%20Fort%20State%20Park | Prickett's Fort State Park | Prickett's Fort State Park is a West Virginia state park north of Fairmont, near the confluence of Prickett's Creek and the Monongahela River. The park features a reconstructed refuge fort and commemorates life on the Virginia frontier during the late 18th century.
Historic fort
Historic Prickett’s Fort was built to defend early European settlers of what today is West Virginia from raids by hostile Native Americans, a portion of whose territory the settlers appropriated after the Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1768). After a band of settlers led by Daniel Greathouse perpetrated the Yellow Creek massacre in 1774, initiating Lord Dunmore's War, all settlers in the Ohio River Valley were in peril from Native American attack.
Because there was safety in numbers, the settlers built a number of refuge forts, including one on the homestead of Jacob Prickett. Fairly simple in design, Prickett’s Fort was little more than a hundred-foot-square log palisade built around Prickett’s house. Native Americans tended to avoid such strong points, preferring to ambush small work parties.
When the frontiersmen believed they were in danger of Native American attack, families gathered at such a fortified area, a procedure called “forting up.” In 1774, there were at least a hundred such palisades, blockhouses, and “stations” in the Monongahela Valley, many within a thirty-mile radius of Prickett’s Fort. Perhaps as many as eighty families—several hundred people—gathered at Prickett’s Fort during crisis periods, where they stayed for days or even weeks. Prickett’s Fort was never attacked, although militiamen from the confluence area were killed by Native Americans elsewhere.
Reconstruction
The last written mention of Prickett’s Fort occurred in 1780. In 1916, the Sons of the American Revolution dedicated a monument in honor of settlers who built the fort. When, in 1973, the traditional site of the fort was threatened by a Department of Natural Resources parking lot, the Marion County Historical Society created the Prickett’s Fort Memorial Foundation and announced plans to reconstruct the historic structure. Discovering that the original fort site had probably been destroyed by the building of a railroad bridge in 1905, the Foundation decided to put the reconstruction on a small hill overlooking the river. Many old buildings donated to the project were torn down to provide timbers for the reconstruction. A Reconstruction Details Committee decided to design the fort reconstruction on the basis of a description by Stephen Morgan, the son of an early settler. The current reconstruction is 110 feet square with two-story blockhouses at each corner, fourteen small cabins lining internal walls, and a meeting house and store house in the common area. Unfortunately, the Morgan account was an inaccurate, perhaps even fraudulent, guide. The Prickett’s Fort Memorial Foundation describes the 1974 reconstruction as “much more elaborate” than the original but claims that every feature in the reconstruction might have been found at some refuge fort in the region.
Features
In the reconstructed fort, the Foundation presents third-person interpretation of such 18th-century crafts as carpentry, blacksmithing, and spinning. A visitor center—managed by the Foundation under long-term contract with the state—includes a research library, a gift shop, and a gallery with an orientation exhibit and video.
Immediately south of the fort reconstruction, the Job Prickett House, built in 1859 by a great-grandson of Jacob Prickett, displays original furnishings and tools. This typical 19th-century farmhouse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Recreational facilities at Pricketts Fort include a 400-seat outdoor amphitheater, picnic areas, nature trails, and a boat launch. The outdoor amphitheater is used by the Fairmont State University theatre department each summer for musicals and dramatic productions. Prickett’s Fort State Park provides access to both the MCPARC trail to Fairmont and the Mon River Trail to Morgantown. An accessibility study by West Virginia University determined that most park features were accessible to persons with disabilities.
See also
Jacob Prickett, Jr. Log House
List of West Virginia state parks
State park
References
External links
Colonial forts in West Virginia
Forts in West Virginia
Living museums in West Virginia
Museums in Marion County, West Virginia
Protected areas established in 1975
Protected areas of Marion County, West Virginia
State parks of West Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Marion County, West Virginia
Military and war museums in West Virginia
Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia
Rebuilt buildings and structures in West Virginia
IUCN Category III |
23580709 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basil%20Rajapaksa | Basil Rajapaksa | Basil Rajapaksa (born 27 April 1951) is a Sri Lankan-American politician. He is a former Minister of Finance and Member of Parliament for the national list.
He was also a member of the Sri Lankan Parliament from 2007 to 2015. During the period of 2005–2010 he served as a presidential senior advisor for President Mahinda Rajapaksa and in 2007 he was appointed as a member of parliament from the national list. He was the Cabinet minister for Economic Development in President Mahinda Rajapaksa's second term (2010–2015). In the 2010 parliamentary election, he was elected from Gampaha district by receiving the highest number of preferential votes in Sri Lanka. He entered the parliament again from the national list and was appointed the Finance Minister during which he was accused of extreme negligence and mismanagement resulting in the worsening of the Sri Lankan economic crisis and was ultimately forced to resign under increasing protests by general public in the 2022 Sri Lankan political crisis. He resigned his seat in parliament on 9 June 2022.
Family
He hails from a well-known political family in the southern part of Sri Lanka. His father, D. A. Rajapaksa, was a prominent politician, independence agitator, Member of Parliament and Cabinet Minister of Agriculture and Land in Wijeyananda Dahanayake's government. He is a younger brother of the former presidents Mahinda Rajapaksa and Gotabaya Rajapaksa, who was a powerful defense secretary in the Mahinda Rajapaksa government. Furthermore, his older brother Chamal served as the Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka (2010–2015).
He had his secondary education at Isipathana College and Ananda College, both located in Colombo.
Political career
At the 1977 General Elections, he contested Mulkirigala Electorate from the Sri Lanka Freedom Party but was defeated. He was the youngest SLFP candidate that contested in this election. In the 1977 election, only 8 members managed to win from the SLFP. Basil Rajapaksa later worked with the first executive President J.R. Jayewardene and joined the United National Party, He made this decision to join the UNP due to some infighting within the Sri Lanka Freedom Party. Although he was with JR Jayawardana, he openly supported his brother Mahinda Rajapaksa. While he was in UNP he became very close to the minister Gamini Dissanayake. When SLFP and coalition parties won the 1994 he actively assisted Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa. In 1997 his wife won the US green card lottery and migrated to the USA with his family. He frequently visited Sri Lanka, especially whenever there were elections.
During the 2005 Presidential election campaign, he actively worked for his brother Mahinda Rajapaksa's victory and became an advisor for the President. In 2007 he was appointed as a national list member for the Sri Lankan parliament. When the 2010 parliamentary election was announced Basil contested the Gampaha district. As the district leader, he gained over 400,000 votes and became a member of the Parliament who obtained the highest number of preferential votes from the district.
In 2021 Basil Rajapaksa returned to the parliament from the national list and was appointed Finance Minister. During his time as minister Sri Lanka had entered an economic crisis but Rajapaksa began avoiding parliament sessions for months. The Opposition complained that pressing economic matters could not be discussed due to his absence. Other government MPs were also critical of his behavior with Udaya Gammanpila, the energy minister claiming that Basil Rajapaksa refused to accept that an economic crisis was growing and that Basil knew nothing about his subject.
Basil Rajapakasa finally attended parliament on 5 April after an absence of 4 months and after being forced to resign after a series of protests against the government.
In 2022, following the country-wide protests, Sri Lanka's ruling Rajapakasa family attempted to flee the country. On July 11, Basil Rajapakasa's attempt to leave the country through the VIP terminal at Colombo International Airport failed after a humiliating standoff with airport immigration staff, who refused to board him.
Personal life
He is married to Pushpa Rajapaksa and has three children namely, Thejani, Bimalka and Ashantha.
Corruption allegations
Rajapaksa is accused of many corruption scandals, and he is under investigation for corruption and abuse of state assets. He gained a reputation as "Mr. Ten Percent" due to the allegations of taking commissions from government contracts.
In 2016, the court ordered authorities to auction a luxury villa and of land in Malwana, which is allegedly owned by Rajapaksa. The house and land have not been auctioned and a court case is still ongoing in respect to this allegation.
One of the accusations that the current government made was the misappropriation of funds belonging to the Divi Neguma Development Department. Financial Crimes Investigation Department (FCID), a police division that was established to punish the supporters of the previous government, filed charges against Rajapaksa. There are several court cases where some citizens of Sri Lanka have challenged the legality of the FCID.
S. B. Dissanayake, the Minister for Social Empowerment and Welfare has stated: "The pipes were purchased according to due tender process, the purchased pipes were duly delivered the pradeshiya sabhas. The pradeshiya sabhas need pipes – for temple functions, funerals, when a minister is visiting – they need pipes for all of this."
He has misused funds in a construction project while he was the Minister of Economic Development under his brother's government.
See also
List of political families in Sri Lanka
References
External links
Business Today: Basil Rajapaksa The Force Unseen
The Rajapaksa Ancestry
Parliament profile
1952 births
Alumni of Ananda College
Alumni of Isipathana College
Government ministers of Sri Lanka
Living people
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 16th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Prisoners and detainees of Sri Lanka
Basil
Sinhalese politicians
Sri Lankan Buddhists
Sri Lankan prisoners and detainees
Basil
Finance ministers of Sri Lanka |
23580711 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed%20Rajabdeen | Mohamed Rajabdeen | Mohamed Shafeek Rajabdeen is a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.
References
1954 births
Living people
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the Western Provincial Council
Sri Lanka Muslim Congress politicians
Sri Lankan Moor politicians
Sri Lankan Muslims |
20474600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapped%20%28Australian%20TV%20series%29 | Trapped (Australian TV series) | Trapped is an Australian children's television series which first premiered on 30 November 2008 and finished its first run on 18 April 2009 on the Seven Network. The 26-part series was shot entirely on location in and around Broome, Western Australia from May to October 2008. A follow up series entitled Castaway began airing on the Seven Network on 12 February 2011. Many of the actors in the main cast of Trapped reprised their roles.
Premise
Following the mysterious disappearance of their parents from a remote scientific research station, a group of children are trapped in a dangerous paradise.
They can only rely on their own resources to survive, find out what's happened to their parents and uncover the terrible secret that is behind the Enterprise Project. Many challenges, mysteries and problems are faced. It's their job to work this all out.
Cast
Main
Marcel Bracks as Rob Frazer
Benjamin Jay as Ryan Cavaner
Maia Mitchell as Natasha Hamilton
Anthony Spanos as Josh Jacobs
Mikayla Southgate as Jarrah Haddon
Sam Fraser as Suzuki Haddon
Natasha Phillips as Lily Taylor
Matilda Terbio as Emma Taylor
Kim Walsh as Maggie Monks
Brad Albert as Gabe
Episodes
See also
Castaway (TV series)
List of Australian television series
References
External links
Trapped on Facebook
Australian children's television series
Seven Network original programming
2008 Australian television series debuts
2009 Australian television series endings
Television shows set in Western Australia
Television series about children |
23580714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirupama%20Rajapaksa | Nirupama Rajapaksa | Nirupama Deepika Rajapaksa (born 13 April 1962) is a Sri Lankan politician, a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and a former deputy minister.
Biography
She herself, a Sinhalese Buddhist is married to an ethnic Tamil Hindu, Thirukkumaran Nadesan .
Rajapaksa is the niece of former Sri Lankan President and later Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa. Her late father, George and them were first cousins (her late paternal grandfather, D. M. Rajapaksa and their late father, D. A. Rajapaksa were brothers).
Career
She served as a deputy minister of water supply and drainage during the presidency of Mahinda Rajapaksa between 2010 and 2015.
Pandora Papers controversy
Her name was mentioned in the Pandora Papers which were released in October 2021. It was revealed that she and her husband controlled a shell company they used to buy luxury apartments in London and Sydney, and to make investments. Nadesan set up other shell companies and trusts in secrecy jurisdictions, and he used them with the intention to obtain lucrative consulting contracts from foreign companies doing business with the Sri Lankan government and to buy artwork. Many reports related the fraudulent efforts as part of Rajapksa family’s undisclosed wealth in offshore countries.
ICiJ reports that Rajapaksa and Nadesan declined to answer ICIJ’s questions about their trusts and companies.
Departure from Sri Lanka
On 5 April during the ongoing 2022 Sri Lankan protests against the Sri Lankan government she left the country to Dubai.
See also
List of political families in Sri Lanka
Rajapaksa family
References
External links
The Rajapaksa Ancestry
1962 births
Living people
Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Government ministers of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Freedom Party politicians
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
Nirupama
Women legislators in Sri Lanka
20th-century Sri Lankan women politicians
21st-century Sri Lankan women politicians
Women government ministers of Sri Lanka
People named in the Pandora Papers |
6905651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlewood%20State%20Park | Castlewood State Park | Castlewood State Park is a public recreation area and Missouri state park occupying which straddle the Meramec River in St. Louis County, Missouri. The most visited section of the state park lies on the north side of the Meramec; the park acreage on the south side of the river is accessed from Lone Elk County Park and includes the World Bird Sanctuary.
History
Lincoln Beach
In the early 20th century, the area of the park was a developed resort town, Lincoln Beach.
Lincoln Beach existed from about 1915 into the 1940s, with its highest popularity in the 1920s. The Missouri Pacific Railroad ran regular service from St Louis to Lincoln Beach, and the resort hosted around 10,000 visitors on summer weekends.
Venues included the popular Lincoln Lodge and the Lone Wolf Club, a private speakeasy serving liquor illegally (prohibition was in effect from 1920 to 1933).
After World War II, visitor numbers steadily declined, due to factors including the advent of air conditioning and the switch to automobile transport (which allowed people to choose spots alternative to the railroad-served Lincoln Beach.
By the 21st century, few traces remained of Lincoln Beach. All the buildings were destroyed over time, and the man-made beach itself was entirely washed away by regular flooding. A few foundations and ruins survive in the woods, and the concrete grand staircase which runs from the bottomlands up into the bluff remains in use by hikers, as does another, wooden, staircase.
State park
Castlewood State Park was established as a state park in 1974.
The park has a history of fatalities due to the Meramac River. Since June 30, 2004, there has been a total of 16 deaths along the river within the park. Of the 12 drowning deaths, only one was the result of intoxication. The most deadly incident occurred on July 9, 2006. Five children died in a mishap along the river during a church outing. Joseph Miller, 16, lost his footing on one of the river's unexpected dropoffs and was swept away by an undertow. Damon Johnson, 17, attempted to rescue Miller, but was also swept away. Damon's siblings, Dana Johnson (13), Ryan Mason (14) and Bryant Barnes (10), tried to rescue him. Deandre Sherman (16) also waded in to try to save their friends. All of the children, with the exception of Joseph Miller, drowned.
A comprehensive list of fatalities as of 2021 includes: 19-year-old unnamed male (2004), 13 year old Dana Johnson (2006), 10 year old Bryant James (2006), 16 year old Joseph Miller (2006), 14 year old Ryan Mason (2006), 16 year old Deandre Sherman (2006), 15-year-old Isaiah Green (2007), 18-year-old Luis Baez Gonzales (2011), 20 year old Salvatore Jasso (2011), 21 year old Philip Schwalm (2012), 18 year old Henry Manu (2016), 17 year old Samuel Neal (2016), 12 year old Deniya Johnson (2018), 35 year old Rose Shaw (2018), 16 year old Kara Wrice (2021), 19 year old Juan Sajbin (2022)
A retired hydrologist for the Army Corps Of Engineers, Gary Dyhouse, remarked that the slope of the Meramac River is steeper than all other rivers in the area. According to Metro West Fire Chief Mike Krause, these sudden dropoffs, combined with the river's swift currents, are what cause swimmers to drown.
Activities and amenities
The park offers fishing and boating on the Meramec River and more than 26 miles of trails for hiking, mountain biking and equestrian use.
References
External links
Castlewood State Park Missouri Department of Natural Resources
Castlewood State Park Map Missouri Department of Natural Resources
State parks of Missouri
Protected areas established in 1974
Protected areas of St. Louis County, Missouri
1974 establishments in Missouri
Tourist attractions in St. Louis |
6905655 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric%20plexuses | Gastric plexuses | The superior gastric plexus (gastric or coronary plexus) accompanies the left gastric artery along the lesser curvature of the stomach, and joins with branches from the left vagus nerve.
The term "inferior gastric plexus" is sometimes used to describe a continuation of the hepatic plexus.
Additional images
References
External links
Nerve plexus
Nerves of the torso |
23580717 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy%20Hollidays | Happy Hollidays | Happy Hollidays is a Scottish television situation comedy, created and written by Simon Carlyle and Gregor Sharp, and broadcast by BBC Scotland. One series of the comedy was commissioned by BBC Scotland and the show was produced by Effingee Productions.
The series stars Ford Kiernan as Colin Holliday, who is the owner of the titular Happy Hollidays, a fictitious caravan site in Scotland; Karen Dunbar as cabaret singer Joyce Mullen; and Gavin Mitchell as rival caravan site owner Mike Bryan. The supporting cast portray the various members of staff on the two caravan sites and the guests. The series follows Colin Holliday running the caravan site, dealing with his guests, whom he sees as a source of revenue and little else, and trying to outwit Mike Bryan, his arch-enemy.
Cast
Ford Kiernan as Colin Holliday
Karen Dunbar as Joyce Mullen
Gavin Mitchell as Mike Bryan
Anthony Bowers as Dean Bullock
Kathleen McDermott as Debbi
Episodes
References
External links
BBC television sitcoms
BBC Scotland television shows
Scottish television sitcoms
2009 Scottish television series debuts
2000s Scottish television series
2009 Scottish television series endings
2000s British sitcoms |
6905697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilhac | Lilhac | Lilhac () is a commune in the Haute Garonne department in southwestern France.
Population
Local inhabitants are called Lilhacais.
Geography
Lilhac lies roughly 65 km southwest from Toulouse. Its altitude at the highest point is 380 metres, and covers an area of 730ha or 7.3 km².
The river Touch has its source in the commune.
History
Lilhac was registered as a commune in 1668. The local church, Eglise St-Quitterie, dedicated to Saint Quiteria, dates to before the 18th century.
See also
Communes of the Haute-Garonne department
References
Communes of Haute-Garonne
1668 establishments in France |
23580725 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravindra%20Samaraweera | Ravindra Samaraweera | Ravindra Samaraweera (or Ravi Samaraweera) is a Sri Lankan politician, the current Cabinet Minister of Labour and Trade Union Relations and former cabinet minister of Wildlife and Sustainable Development and former state minister of Labor and Trade Union Relations member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.
Born to a leading political family in the Uva province Samaraweera is a long time United National Party organizer of the Walimada seat and leader of the Badulla District. He was a Deputy Minister in the Ranasinghe Premadasa Cabinet and later a Project minister in the 2001 Ranil Wickramasinghe Government. In 2015 Samaraweera was appointed as minister in the Uva Provincial Council Under Harin Fernando. Samaraweera was also appointed the acting Chief Minister of Uva Province few times in the year 2015 while serving as the minister in the council. In 2018 he was given the cabinet Minister of Wildlife and Sustainable Development.
Samaraweera who was a member of parliament from 1989 to 2010 was re-elected to Parliament in 2015 after his party United National Party won the election to form a government.
Personal life
Samaraweera is the nephew of Percy Samaraweera former Chief Minister of Uva Province. He is married to Sita Samaraweera and they have five children.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Members of the 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Government ministers of Sri Lanka
United National Party politicians
Ministers of state of Sri Lanka |
6905703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas%20Highway%20348 | Arkansas Highway 348 | Highway 348 (AR 348, Ark. 348, and Hwy. 348) is a designation for two east–west state highways in Crawford County. One segment of runs from Highway 59 at Figure Five east to Arkansas Highway 60 near Rudy. A second segment of runs from US Route 71 (US 71) at Cain east to National Forest Route 1007.
Route description
Figure Five to Rudy
AR 348 begins at US 71 at the unincorporated community of Cain south of Mountainburg. The route runs northeast, entering the Ozark National Forest and terminating at an intersection with National Forest Route 1007 and Hickory Street. The road is two–lane undivided for its entire length.
Cain to Ozark National Forest
The route begins at Highway 59 at the Figure Five community and runs east as a rural two-lane route. Winding through forested mountains, Highway 348 terminates at Highway 60 near Rudy.
History
Highway 348 was created by the Arkansas State Highway Commission on November 23, 1966. The second segment between Cain and the National Forest was designated on June 28, 1973 pursuant to Act 9 of 1973 by the Arkansas General Assembly. The act directed county judges and legislators to designate up to of county roads as state highways in each county.
Major intersections
See also
References
348
Transportation in Crawford County, Arkansas |
23580727 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muthu%20Sivalingam | Muthu Sivalingam | Muthu Sivalingam is a Sri Lankan politician, a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and a government minister.
References
Living people
Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan Hindus
Government ministers of Sri Lanka
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
1943 births |
6905716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra%20Bir | Mitra Bir | Mitra Bir was a freedom fighter and educationist from Goa, who was sentenced to twelve years in jail at the age of 22 when the region was a Portuguese colony. She later opened schools for girls at Margao, Verem, Kakora and other locations in Goa, as well as centres for adult and vocational education for women. She was married to the late Madhav R. Bir, a former member of the Goa assembly and Gandhian.
She died in 1978.
References
1978 deaths
Women educators from Goa
Goa liberation activists
Year of birth missing
Women Indian independence activists
20th-century Indian women politicians
Indian human rights activists
Educators from Goa
20th-century Indian politicians
Indian women educational theorists
20th-century Indian educational theorists
20th-century women educators |
23580728 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davor%20Bubanja | Davor Bubanja | Davor Bubanja (born 26 September 1987) is a retired Slovenian footballer who played as a forward.
External links
PrvaLiga profile
1987 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Kranj
Slovenian footballers
Association football forwards
NK Olimpija Ljubljana (2005) players
FC Koper players
NK Triglav Kranj players
Slovenian Second League players
Slovenian PrvaLiga players
Slovenian expatriate footballers
Slovenian expatriate sportspeople in Austria
Expatriate footballers in Austria |
6905718 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Cleveland | Electoral district of Cleveland | Cleveland was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Queensland from 1992 to 2017.
Based in the northern part of Redland City Council, the district included the suburbs of Wellington Point, Ormiston, Cleveland and Thornlands. It also covers the entirety of North Stradbroke Island.
In the 2017 electoral redistribution, the Electoral Commission of Queensland changed the name of the electorate to Oodgeroo.
Members for Cleveland
Election results
References
External links
Electorate Profile (Antony Green, ABC)
Former electoral districts of Queensland
Constituencies established in 1992
Constituencies disestablished in 2017
1992 establishments in Australia
2017 disestablishments in Australia |
23580729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athauda%20Seneviratne | Athauda Seneviratne | Athauda Seneviratne (19 September 1931 – 31 March 2022) was a Sri Lankan politician and a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. He was also a Cabinet Minister of Sri Lanka.
Political career
In 1957 Athauda was elected to the Village Council of Othara Gam Dolaha Pattu. In 1960 he unsuccessfully contested the March 1960 parliamentary election in the Dedigama Electoral District. At the 1965 parliamentary election he ran in the Ruwanwella Electoral District, representing the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP), failing by 417 votes although he did win the seat at the subsequent elections in 1970, defeating the sitting member P. C. Imbulana by 2,936 votes. He however failed to get re-elected in 1977 losing by 4,067 votes to P. C. Imbulana.
Athauda was elected as a member of the Sabaragamuwa Provincial Council and became the Leader of the Opposition at the Provincial Council in 1988. In June 1999 he was appointed the Chief Minister of Sabaragamuwa Province a position he retained until October 2000.
In 1989 he was elected to parliament representing the Kegalle Electoral District a position that he retained until the 2015 elections.
See also
Cabinet of Sri Lanka
References
External links
Sri Lanka Parliament profile
1931 births
2022 deaths
People from Colombo
Members of the Sabaragamuwa Provincial Council
Chief Ministers of Sabaragamuwa Province
Members of the 7th Parliament of Ceylon
Members of the 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Provincial councillors of Sri Lanka
Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Labour ministers of Sri Lanka |
23580735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Seneviratne | John Seneviratne | W. D. John Seneviratne is a Sri Lankan politician, a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and a former government minister.
Born in Kahawatta, Ratnapura, Seneviratne was the son of Welathanthirige Podi Appuhami and Soma Wijesundara. When he was a child his father died, and he was raised by his mother Soma Wijesundara. He was educated at the Palmadulla Gangkanda Vidyalaya, Taxila Central College, Horana, Aquinas College, and at the Sri Lanka Law College.
At the Sri Lanka Law College, Seneviratne took an active role in the Law Student's movement. This experience helped him in being an active leader of the Sri Lanka Freedom Alliance.
When he first entered mainstream politics in 1977, the Sri Lanka Freedom Alliance was experiencing a severe crisis. During this crisis situation, Seneviratne acted as the chief organizer of the Palmadulla electorate.
Seneviratne first entered the Parliament of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka in 1989. He was appointed Deputy Minister of Education in 1995, and as Labour Minister in 1997. In 2000, he took over the Health Ministry. He later became the Minister of Justice and Judicial Reforms under the United People's Freedom Alliance Government; he is currently Minister of Power and Energy.
See also
Cabinet of Sri Lanka
References
Living people
Members of the 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 16th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Home affairs ministers of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Freedom Party politicians
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna politicians
1941 births
People from Ratnapura
Labour ministers of Sri Lanka
Power ministers of Sri Lanka |
44499918 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20record%20progression%20track%20cycling%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20flying%20500%20m%20time%20trial | World record progression track cycling – Men's flying 500 m time trial | This is an overview of the progression of the world track cycling record of the men's 500 m flying start as recognised by the Union Cycliste Internationale.
Progression
Professionals (1955–1992)
Amateurs (1954–1990)
Open (from 1988)
References
Track cycling world record progressions |
23580737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshman%20Senewiratne | Lakshman Senewiratne | Lakshman Pinto Jayatilaka Senewiratne (born 9 March 1957) (known as Lakshman Senewiratne) is a Sri Lankan politician, former State Minister of Science, Technology and Research and a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka representing the Badulla District. and former Cabinet Minister of Sugar Industries, His father C. P. J. Senewiratne was an MP for Mahiyangana electorate and former Cabinet Minister of Labour in the government of J.R. Jayewardene.
Lakshman was elected to parliament in the seat of Mahiyangana at a by-election on 18 April 1985, following the death of the sitting member, Lakshman's father, in December 1984. At the 1989 Sri Lankan parliamentary elections he was elected as the member for Badulla and has continuously represented the seat for 32 years.
See also
List of political families in Sri Lanka
References
Living people
1957 births
Sri Lankan Buddhists
Sinhalese politicians
Members of the 8th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Government ministers of Sri Lanka
United National Party politicians
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
Ministers of state of Sri Lanka |
6905724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatiana%20Doronina | Tatiana Doronina | Tatiana (Tatyana) Vasilyevna Doronina (; born 12 September 1933) is a popular Soviet/Russian actress who has performed in movies and the theater. She is generally regarded as one of the most talented actresses of her generation and was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1981.
Biography
Doronina was born in Leningrad, USSR (now present-day St. Petersburg Russia) After graduating the MKhAT school in Moscow, she returned to Leningrad and joined the Bolshoi Drama Theatre directed by Georgy Tovstonogov.
After moving to Moscow, Doronina worked at the Mayakovsky Theater and then at MKhAT. Her major roles were Arkadina in The Seagull by Chekhov, Dulcinea del Toboso in a play by , Queen Elizabeth of England and Mary Stuart in Vivat Regina.
The films she starred in, though few, are now considered Soviet classics. Many directors at the time believed she was too theatrical for film and refused to hire her. Georgy Natanson reversed that judgment by giving her the lead parts in Older Sister and Once More About Love. Both films had a significant success and made Doronina a noteworthy film star. Young women in the Soviet Union imitated her bouffant hair-do and her manner of speaking, and fans queued up for hours to get tickets. For her role for Once More about Love in which she played a flight attendant, she earned the Best Soviet Actress title in 1968 from the Soviet Screen. "Doronina's profoundly romantic heroines could sacrifice everything for love. She rendered the love theme the way no actress did. In almost every of her films she would sing a song, which in her presentation turned into a small drama", says Russian Cultural Navigator. In Three Poplars in Plyushcikha she plays a plain country woman who, although married, has never experienced love and puts the anguish tormenting her heart into a song called "Tenderness”.
At present Doronina is artistic director of the , a job she accepted when MKhAT split into two independent troupes.
Her former husbands include Edvard Radzinsky, a popular Russian writer and historian, and actors Oleg Basilashvili and Boris Khimichev.
Selected filmography
Movies
The First Echelon (1955) — Zoya
Soldiers Were Walking (1958) — Christia
Horizon (1961) — Klava, state farmer
An Uninvented Story (1964) — Klava Baidakova
Red Call (1965) — Nika
Working Village (1965) — Polina
Older Sister (1966) — Nadezhda, Lydia's older sister
Three Poplars in Plyushcikha (1968) — Nyura (Anna Grigoryevna)
Once More About Love (1968) — Natasha Alexandrova, flight attendant
Wonderful Character (1970) — Nadezhda Kazakova, singer from Siberia
Stepmom (1973) — Shura (Alexandra Nikolaevna) Olevantseva, Sveta's stepmother
To a Clear Fire (1975) — Anna Lavrentievna Kasyanova
Olga Sergeevna (1975) — Olga Sergeevna Vashkina, oceanologist
Capel (1981) — Maria, painter in the construction team, Vitka's mother
Valentin and Valentina (1985) — Mother of Valentina and Zhenya
Teleplays
The Enchanted Wanderer (1963) — Gypsy Pear
Twenty Years Later (1971) — Queen Anne
Dowry (1974) — Larisa Ogudalova
Well, the Audience! (1976) — Lady, Voldemar's fellow traveler
BDT Thirty Years Later (1986) — Cleopatra Lvovna Mamaeva
Live and Remember (1987) — Nastya (Based on the novel by V. Rasputin)
Documentaries
Today is the Premiere (1965)
Live, Think, Feel, Love... Georgy Tovstonogov (1988) (Made by"Lentelefilm")
The Face (1988)
Efim Kopelyan (1998) (From the series of TV programs of the ORT channel "To Remember")
Boris Livanov (2003) (From the series of TV programs of the ORT channel "To Remember")
The Appearance of the Master. Georgy Tovstonogov (2003) (TV channel “Russia-Culture”)
Leonid Kharitonov. Sunny Boy (2004) (From the author's cycle by S. V. Ursulyak about the heroes of Soviet cinema)
Boris Livanov (2005) (From the series of programs of the DTV channel "How the idols left")
Drama by Ivan Brovkin (2006)
Demiurge. Georgy Tovstonogov (2008) (TV channel “Russia. Culture”)
Innokenty Smoktunovsky Against Prince Myshkin (2008)
Georgy Natanson. In Love With Cinema (2010)
My Son — Andrei Krasko (2010)
The Main Role for Your Favorite Actress (2011)
Stepmother (2015) (From the cycle "Secrets of our cinema" on the TV Center TV channel)
Voicing
The Blue Bird (1970) — Fairy
Honours and awards
Order of Merit for the Fatherland;
1st class (29 April 2019)
2nd class (13 September 2013)
3rd class (11 June 2003) - for outstanding contribution to the development of theatrical art
4th class (23 October 1998) - for many years of fruitful work in the field of theatrical art, and in connection with the 100th anniversary of the Moscow Art Theatre
Order of Honour (8 September 2008) - for outstanding contribution to the development of domestic theatrical and cinematic arts, many years of creative activity
Order of Friendship of Peoples (20 June 1994) - for great achievements in the field of theatrical arts
Tsarskoselskaya Art Prize (18 October 2011 - "For the grace and inspiration of the images in the theatre and film"
People's Artist of USSR
People's Artist of the RSFSR
Merited Artist of the RSFSR
References
External links
Tatyana Doronina
1933 births
Living people
Soviet film actresses
Soviet stage actresses
Russian film actresses
Russian stage actresses
Actresses from Saint Petersburg
Russian and Soviet theatre directors
People's Artists of the USSR
Full Cavaliers of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"
Recipients of the Order of Honour (Russia)
Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
People's Artists of the RSFSR
Honored Artists of the RSFSR
Moscow Art Theatre School alumni |
44499923 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suillellus%20pictiformis | Suillellus pictiformis | Suillellus pictiformis is a species of bolete fungus found in North America. It was originally described by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill in 1943.
References
External links
pictiformis
Fungi described in 1943
Fungi of North America
Taxa named by William Alphonso Murrill |
23580741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.%20K.%20Subasinghe | S. K. Subasinghe | S. K. Subasinghe is a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna politicians
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians |
23580744 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayantha%20Samaraweera | Jayantha Samaraweera | Jayantha Samaraweera (born 20 December 1968) is a Sri Lankan politician and member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.
References
Living people
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 16th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna politicians
Jathika Nidahas Peramuna politicians
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
1968 births |
6905730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette%20Vermeersch | Jeannette Vermeersch | Jeannette Vermeersch (born Julie Marie Vermeersch; 26 November 1910 – 5 November 2001) was a French politician.
She is principally known for having been the companion (1932–1947) and then the wife (1947–1964) of Maurice Thorez, general secretary of the French Communist Party (PCF), with whom she had three children, born before their union was made official.
Biography
Born in La Madeleine, Nord as the seventh of nine children in a family of workers, Jeannette Vermeersch joined the workforce at the age of ten, despite the fact that at the time, children under the age of 13 were legally prohibited from working. Her first job was as a servant at a wine merchant's, then in a bourgeois family, before she entered a textile factory as a worker in 1921, all the while continuing to do chores after her hours of work at the factory.
Vermeersch began activity as a union activist in 1927. Through connections she formed in the union, she came to discover communism, whose growth as a movement was then in full swing in France, several years after the Tours Congress, and she founded a section of Young Communists. Her communist activity led her, in 1929, to be designated to take part in a delegation of textile workers who travelled to explore the Soviet Union. While her comrades returned to France, Jeannette Vermeersch chose to prolong her stay, remaining in Moscow for several months and working "for the cause". It is on this occasion that she would have heard the name of Maurice Thorez spoken for the first time in her presence, a little while before meeting him at the 16th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1930.
Their relationship only became intimate in 1932. During the following seven years, Jeannette Vermeersch focused on Party missions; as an agent, she was zealous but a little withdrawn. For example, under the guidance of Jacques Duclos, she organised an extraordinary congress of Communist Youth in 1933, retaking control of a movement suspected of drifting in an "avant-gardist" direction. She was also one of the pivotal members of a new organisation that the Party had asked to be formed, the Union of Young French Women. After the Spanish Civil War began in 1936, she also focused very clearly on getting together a network of people in solidarity with the Second Spanish Republic, in addition to her other responsibilities. She headed the operation that sent food and various materials to the Republicans and organised the welcome of political refugees on French soil by the Communist networks present in small French towns.
On 2 October 1939, shortly after World War II began, she accompanied Mounette Dutilleul, who had come to Chauny to bring Maurice Thorez orders to desert, issued by the Third International. Escorted by Alphonse Pelayo, they left together toward the Nord , but crossed the Belgian border separately. Jeannette Vermeersch and her two young sons joined Maurice Thorez in Moscow. They remained in the USSR until November 1944. Jeannette gave birth to a third son in a clinic near Moscow.
In 1945, after her return to France, Jeannette Vermeersch was elected a deputy to the constituent assembly that met from 21 October 1945 to 5 May 1946, until the first proposal for a new French constitution was rejected by referendum. She was then elected, without interruption, to every sitting of the National Assembly until 1958, then moving up to the Senate, where she sat until 1968.
On 17 September 1947, Maurice Thorez and Jeannette Vermeersch made their union official at the city hall of Choisy-le-Roi (today in Val-de-Marne département). In 1950, when Maurice Thorez was stricken with hemiplegia and left to seek treatment in the USSR, Jeannette Vermeersch entered the Politburo of the French Communist Party, of which she was a member until 1968.
In 1956, Jeannette Vermeersch, speaking as vice president of the Union of French Women, took a stance against birth control: "Birth control, voluntary motherhood, is a bait for the great masses, but it is a weapon in the hands of the bourgeoisie against social laws". This position went against that of numerous activists, notably in the medical field. Thorez took Jeannette's side in condemning neo-Malthusian conjectures.
After Thorez died in 1964, she was often very critical of the new direction taken by general secretary Waldeck Rochet, and decided to resign from the Politburo in 1968 after Rochet expressed disapproval for the intervention of Warsaw Pact troops in Czechoslovakia to put an end to the Prague Spring. On the same occasion she ended her political career, nevertheless remaining an activist of the base, renewing her Communist Party membership until her death.
After her death and cremation, her ashes were transferred to Paris, to the Père Lachaise Cemetery, into the tomb of Maurice Thorez.
On the occasion of her death, the heads of the party, Robert Hue (party president) and Marie-George Buffet (national secretary and Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports) underlined that, although they disagreed with the deceased on a number of points, they still saluted the unflappability of her convictions and the permanence of her involvement.
After 1950, Jeannette Vermeersch also used the name Jeannette Thorez-Vermeersch, but she is usually known by her historical pseudonym, notably within the Communist Party. She never used the name Jeannette Thorez.
She died in Callian, Var.
Union and party functions
1930–1931: member of the secretariat of Young Communists of the Nord
1931–1932: member of the national committee of young union members of the Unitary General Confederation of Labour
1932–1934: member of the national bureau of Young Communists
1934–1935: co-director of the Union of Young French Women
1945–1974: vice president of the Union of French Women
1950–1968: member of the Politburo of the French Communist Party
Elected political positions
1945–1946: deputy for Seine (first constituent assembly)
1946–1947: deputy for Seine (second constituent assembly)
1947–1951: deputy for Seine
1951–1956: deputy for Seine
1956–1958: deputy for Seine
1959–1964: senator for Seine
1964–1968: senator for Val-de-Marne
Works
Jeannette Thorez-Vermeersch, Vers quels lendemains ? : de l'internationalisme à l'eurocommunisme (Toward What Futures? From Internationalism to Eurocommunism), Hachette, « Hachette-Essais » collection, Paris, 1979. 204 p. .
Jeannette Thorez-Vermeersch, la Vie en rouge : mémoires (My Life in Red: Memoirs), Belfond, Paris, February 1998. 242 p. .
References
Philippe Robrieux, Histoire intérieure du parti communiste, Tome 4 (Internal History of the Communist Party, v. 4), Fayard, 1984
External links
Background on Thorez and Vermeersch, put online by the municipal archives of Ivry, 2006
1910 births
2001 deaths
People from La Madeleine, Nord
French Communist Party politicians
Textile workers
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
French expatriates in the Soviet Union
People granted political asylum in the Soviet Union
20th-century French women politicians |
6905751 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian%20plexus | Ovarian plexus | The ovarian plexus arises from the renal plexus, and is distributed to the ovary, and fundus of the uterus.
It is carried in the suspensory ligament of the ovary.
References
External links
Nerve plexus
Nerves of the torso |
23580751 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Various%20Haunts%20of%20Men | The Various Haunts of Men | The Various Haunts of Men (2004) is a novel by Susan Hill. It is the first in a series of seven "Simon Serrailler" crime novels by the author. It concerns the disappearance of people in the English cathedral town of Lafferton and the resulting police investigations.
Title
The title is taken from George Crabbe's poem The Borough :
The various haunts of men
Require the pencil, they defy the pen
Characters
Angela Randall was a reclusive unmarried 53-year-old woman who disappears one foggy morning whilst out jogging on The Hill, a local landmark. Her employer at a nursing home, Carol Ashton, insists the police take her disappearance seriously.
Dr Cat Deerborn, GP in Lafferton, married to Chris, also a doctor
Debbie Parker, 20-years-old she suffered from depression, acne and was overweight. But after visiting Dava, a spiritual healer she was beginning to feel better and had taken to early-morning walks on The Hill, from one of which she too disappears.
Freya Graffham A Detective Sergeant new to Lafferton after transferring from the Met is put in charge of the investigation. She discovers that Angela Randall has been buying expensive gifts for an unknown man.
Simon Serrailler, Detective Chief Inspector is her commanding officer and brother of Cat Deerborn
Iris Chater a recently bereaved elderly lady seeking comfort in spiritualist meetings is the next to disappear
Reception
Reviews have been mixed :
Anita Brookner of The Spectator is positive: "There is plenty to enjoy. And the ending is terrific."
Robert Edric writing in The Guardian found the novel disappointing "We neither know nor sympathise with the victims in this book; nor are we repelled or intrigued by the killer and his reason for committing these murders. His justification, when it is finally delivered, is both simplistic and unconvincing."
Andrew Taylor in The Independent writes "She has the priceless ability to construct a solidly-researched narrative that keeps the reader turning the pages." but then goes on to say "The identity of the murderer is allowed to drift into the story three-quarters of the way through. Neither the reader nor police have much to do with it. The killer's motivation is so perfunctorily sketched that it fails to convince. The ending is arbitrary, unsatisfying and suspiciously convenient."
References
Novels by Susan Hill
2004 British novels
British crime novels
Chatto & Windus books |
6905753 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmer%20Bowman | Elmer Bowman | Elmari Wilhelm Bowman (March 19, 1897 – December 17, 1985) was a Major League Baseball player for the Washington Senators in August 1920. The 23-year-old rookie made two pinch-hitting appearances for the Senators and did not play in the field, so his position is not known.
Both of Bowman's appearances took place on the road. His major league debut on August 3, 1920 was against the Cleveland Indians at League Park. His second and last appearance, six days later, was against the Chicago White Sox at Comiskey Park. Bowman was 0-for-1 with a walk in his two games, giving him an on-base percentage of .500. He also scored one run.
Bowman died in Los Angeles at the age of 88.
External links
Baseball Reference
Retrosheet
1897 births
1985 deaths
Washington Senators (1901–1960) players
Major League Baseball first basemen
Baseball players from Vermont
Jersey City Skeeters players
Toronto Maple Leafs (International League) players
Reading Marines players
Minneapolis Millers (baseball) players
Norfolk Tars players
Shreveport Gassers players
New Haven Indians players
New Haven Profs players
Seattle Indians players
Birmingham Barons players
Springfield Ponies players
Vermont Catamounts baseball players |
23580753 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.%20A.%20Suriyaarachchi | C. A. Suriyaarachchi | Chandrasiri Ariyawansa Suriyaarachchi is a Sri Lankan politician, a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and a government minister.
References
Living people
Members of the 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Government ministers of Sri Lanka
United National Party politicians
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
1953 births |
6905757 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative%20systems | Generative systems | Generative systems are technologies with the overall capacity to produce unprompted change driven by large, varied, and uncoordinated audiences. When generative systems provide a common platform, changes may occur at varying layers (physical, network, application, content) and provide a means through which different firms and individuals may cooperate indirectly and contribute to innovation.
Depending on the rules, the patterns can be extremely varied and unpredictable. One of the better-known examples is Conway's Game of Life, a cellular automaton. Other examples include Boids and Wikipedia. More examples can be found in generative music, generative art, and, more recently, in video games such as Spore.
Theory
Jonathan Zittrain
In 2006, Jonathan Zittrain published The Generative Internet in Volume 119 of the Harvard Law Review. In this paper, Zittrain describes a technology's degree of generativity as being the function of four characteristics:
Capacity for leverage – the extent to which an object enables something to be accomplished that would not have otherwise be possible or worthwhile.
Adaptability – how widely a technology can be used without it needing to be modified.
Ease of mastery – how much effort and skill is required for people to take advantage of the technology's leverage.
Accessibility – how easily people are able to start using a technology.
See also
References
External links
A talk on generative systems by Will Wright and Brian Eno for the Long Now Foundation
The Future of the Internet and How to Stop it; Yale University Press (2008)
Early generative computer graphics by Herber W. Franke
Generative Systeme by Benedikt Groß and Julia Laub
Bugworld - a generative vermin installation by Philipp Sackl, Markus Jaritz & Thomas Gläser
Complex systems theory |
23580757 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20Satchithanandan | M. Satchithanandan | Murugan Satchithanandan (Murugan Sachiththanantha) (born 22 August 1957) is a Sri Lankan politician, former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and former government minister.
References
Sri Lankan Tamil politicians
1957 births
Living people
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Government ministers of Sri Lanka
United National Party politicians
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
Sri Lankan Hindus
Deputy chairmen of committees of the Parliament of Sri Lanka |
20474639 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20NCAA%20Division%20I%20FCS%20football%20season | 2006 NCAA Division I FCS football season | The 2006 NCAA Division I FCS football season, the 2006 season of college football for teams in the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), began on August 26, 2006 and concluded on December 15, 2006, in Chattanooga, Tennessee, at the 2006 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game where the Appalachian State Mountaineers defeated the UMass Minutemen, 28–17.
Rule changes
There are several rules that have changed for the 2006 season. Following are some highlights:
Players may only wear clear eyeshields. Previously, both tinted and orange were also allowed.
The kicking tee has been lowered from two inches tall to only one inch.
Halftime lasts twenty minutes. Previously, it was only fifteen minutes.
On a kickoff, the game clock starts when the ball is kicked rather than when the receiving team touches it.
This rule change has resulted in controversy, highlighted by the matchup between Wisconsin and Penn State on November 4, 2006, in which Wisconsin deliberately went off-sides on two consecutive kickoffs to run extra time off the clock at the close of the first half.
On a change of possession, the clock starts when the referee marks the ball ready for play, instead of on the snap.
The referee may no longer stop the game due to excessive crowd noise.
When a live-ball penalty such as an illegal formation occurs on a kick, the receiving team may choose either to add the penalty yardage to the end of the return or require the kick to be attempted again with the spot moved back. Previously, only the latter option was available.
If a team scores at the end of the game, they will not kick the extra point unless it would affect the outcome of the game.
Instant replay is now officially sanctioned and standardized. All plays are reviewed by the replay officials as the play occurs. They may call down to the on-field officials to stop play if they need extra time to make a review. Each coach may also make one challenge per game. In the case of a coach's challenge, the coach must have at least one time-out remaining. If the challenge is upheld the coach gets the time-out back but the challenge is spent. If the challenge is rejected, both the challenge and the time-out are spent.
Conference changes and new programs
FCS team wins over FBS teams
September 2 – Montana State 19, Colorado 10
September 2 – Portland State 17 New Mexico 7
September 2 – Richmond 13, Duke 0
September 9 – New Hampshire 34, Northwestern 17
September 16 – Southern Illinois 35, Indiana 28
September 23 – North Dakota State 29, Ball State 24
October 28 - Cal Poly SLO 16, San Diego State 14
Conference standings
Conference champions
Automatic berths
Invitation
Abstains
Postseason
NCAA Division I playoff bracket
* Host institution
SWAC Championship Game
Gridiron Classic
The Gridiron Classic is an annual game between the champions of the Northeast Conference and the Pioneer Football League that has been held since December 2006.
Final poll standings
Standings are from The Sports Network final 2006 poll.
References
External links |
23580760 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadivel%20Suresh | Vadivel Suresh | Vadivel Suresh (or Wadivelu Suresh) is a Sri Lankan politician, and a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka
References
Living people
Sri Lankan Hindus
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 16th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Government ministers of Sri Lanka
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
Sri Lanka Freedom Party politicians
1971 births |
20474654 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Plano | University of Plano | The University of Plano was an American private liberal arts college located in Plano, Texas that was in operation from 1964 until 1977.
The University of Plano received its charter from the State of Texas on May 8, 1964 as a private, coeducational, nondenominational institution. The school was originally called the University of Lebanon, changing its name effective September 4, 1964 to reflect the location of its campus. The university's first classes were held in space leased in downtown Dallas in the fall of 1965.
The school was founded in 1964 by Robert J. Morris, an attorney and former judge known as an anti-Communist. Morris had served as chief counsel the United States Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security. Morris had been the president of the University of Dallas from 1960 to 1962. Building on the difficulties faced by one of his children, Morris founded the school in 1964. He remained at the school until 1977 and it closed its doors shortly thereafter.
Morris decided to build a school focusing on the Doman-Delacato Method. Using $250,000 borrowed from Republic National Life of Dallas, he put a down payment on of land in northwest Plano. With $600,000 raised from a bond issue, he persuaded the government of Malaysia to donate to the school the nation's pavilion from the 1964 New York World's Fair, with the pagoda becoming the main building of the university.
The school had no endowment to speak of, other than the land where its campus was located on Custer Road. The school's finances depended on rising values for the land it had purchased, based on the assumption that the growth of the Dallas area would push residential development towards Plano and hopes that portions of the land could be rezoned for commercial use, both of which would drive up the value of the land. Property purchased by Morris for the University in 1964 for $1,800 an acre, sold in 1969 for $3,000 an acre, and could obtain as much as $6,300 an acre by 1971. of the school's land was rezoned for a shopping center and an additional was rezoned for small retail.
Despite warnings offered as far back as 1967, the school developed a heavy reliance on land speculation to meet its expenses. With the end of the land boom in 1975, the school was unable to use land sales to fund its activities. The school ran short of funds in 1976, and despite ownership of and twenty buildings, was forced to close in July 1976.
Records from the former University are not complete and many are not available as they were privately held by Dr. Robert Morris for some time. The chain of custody is unclear and many graduates have been unable to recover records. An alumni site was available at Universityofplano.org. Though still registered as of June 2017, the site only has a parking redirect link from GoDaddy.com.
References
Educational institutions established in 1964
University of Plano
Education in Plano, Texas
University of Plano
1964 establishments in Texas |
6905758 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunhiraman%20Palat%20Candeth | Kunhiraman Palat Candeth | Lieutenant General Kunhiraman Palat Candeth, PVSM (Hindi: कुँहिरामन पलट कंडेथ; 23 October 1916 – 19 May 2003) was a senior army officer in the Indian Army who played a commanding role in Liberation of Goa from Portuguese control in 1961, and briefly tenured as the Military Governor of Goa, Daman and Diu.
He later served as the Deputy Chief of Army Staff based on GHQ in New Delhi at the midst of the second war in 1965, and later effectively commanded the Western Command during the third war with Pakistan in 1971.
Early life
He was born in Ottapalam, Malabar District (now Kerala) in British India (now India) to MA Candeth, being the grandson of the landlord and writer Vengayil Kunhiraman Nayanar. His maternal grandfather was Sir C. Sankaran Nair, who was the President of the Indian National Congress.
Military career
Pre-independence
Commissioned into the Royal Artillery in 1936, Candeth saw action in West Asia during the Second World War. And, shortly before India's independence from colonial rule, he was deployed in the North West Frontier Province, bordering Afghanistan, to quell local tribes. The mountainous terrain gave Candeth the experience for his later operations against Nagaland separatists in the North East. He attended the Military Services Staff College at Quetta, capital of Baluchistan in 1945.
Kashmir 1947
After Independence, Candeth was commanding an artillery regiment that was deployed to Jammu and Kashmir after Pakistan-backed tribesmen attacked and captured a third of the province before being forced back by the Indian Army. Thereafter, Candeth held a series of senior appointments, including that of Director General of Artillery at Army Headquarters in Delhi, to which he was appointed on 8 September 1959, with the acting rank of major-general (substantive colonel).
North East
After relinquishing charge as Goa's Military Governor in 1963, Candeth was appointed GOC, Nagaland on 23 August 1963. He took command of the newly raised 8 Mountain Division in the North-East on 15 November 1963, where he battled, although with little success, the highly organised Naga insurgents. The insurgency in the North East has not been quelled completely to this day. On 7 May 1965, he was appointed Deputy Chief of the Army Staff (DCOAS) with the acting rank of lieutenant-general. He was promoted to lieutenant-general on 17 January 1966, and was appointed GOC-in-C, Western Command on 27 September 1969.
Awards and later life
Lt. Gen. Kunhiraman Palat Candeth was awarded the Param Vishisht Seva Medal and also the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India. Retiring from the army on 21 October 1972, he joined the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in the 1990s and was appointed a member of the Party's Executive Committee.
Dates of rank
See also
Operation Vijay
World War II
Vengayil Kunhiraman Nayanar
Notes
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20060714020422/http://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/pastgov.php
Candeth, K.P.
Candeth, K.P.
Indian generals
Generals of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
People from Ottapalam
History of Goa
Candeth, KP
Rashtriya Indian Military College alumni
Malayali people
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in civil service |
23580762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20S.%20Sellasamy | M. S. Sellasamy | Muthu Sangaralingam Sellasamy (; 13 November 1926 – 1 August 2020) was a Sri Lankan trade unionist, politician and former minister of state.
Early life
Sellasamy was born on 13 November 1926.
Career
Sellasamy was district chairman of the Ceylon Workers' Congress (CWC) before being elected its general-secretary in 1963. He was also president of the Estate Staff Congress, Ceylon Teachers' Congress and Lanka Agriculturists Association.
Sellasamy was the CWC's candidate in Colombo Central at the 1977 parliamentary election but failed to get elected. He was an executive member of the Colombo District Development Council from 1981 to 1988. He contested the 1988 provincial council election and was elected to the Western Provincial Council. He was appointed Minister of Health and Economic Infrastructure.
Sellasamy was one of the CWC/UNP alliance's candidates in Colombo District at the 1989 parliamentary election. He was elected and entered Parliament. He was appointed Minister of State for Transport on 18 February 1989. He became Minister of State for Industries on 30 March 1990.
Sellasamy was removed as general-secretary of the CWC in 1994 and subsequently formed the Ceylon National Workers' Congress (CNWC). A long legal battle ensued between Sellasamy and CWC leader Savumiamoorthy Thondaman which prevented the CWC from using its "Cockerel" symbol to contest elections. Following the death of Thondaman in 1999 Sellasamy tried unsuccessfully to gain the leadership of the CWC from Thondaman's grandson Arumugam Thondaman.
Sellasamy was appointed as one of the CNWC/DWC/UCPF/UNP alliance's National List MP's in the Sri Lankan Parliament following the 2000 parliamentary election.
Sellasamy rejoined the CWC in October 2001 as its deputy president. He contested the 2001 parliamentary election as one of the United National Front's (UNF) candidates in Colombo District but failed to get elected. He was appointed as one of the UNF's National List MP's in the Sri Lankan Parliament following the 2004 parliamentary election. He was appointed Deputy Minister of Posts in January 2007.
Sellasamy was a member of the University of Colombo's senate and the National Agricultural Diversification and Settlement Authority (NADSA).
Electoral history
References
1926 births
2020 deaths
Ceylon Workers' Congress politicians
Health ministers of Sri Lankan provinces
Indian Tamil politicians of Sri Lanka
Indian Tamil trade unionists of Sri Lanka
Members of the 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the Western Provincial Council
Ministers of state of Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan Hindus
State ministers of Sri Lanka
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians |
6905786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence%20Denny%20Lindsley | Lawrence Denny Lindsley | Lawrence Denny Lindsley (March 18, 1878 – January 3, 1975) was an American scenic photographer and also worked as a miner, hunter, and guide. Lindsley was a grandson of Seattle pioneer David Thomas Denny (1832–1903), a member of the Denny Party.
Personal life
He was born Lawrence Denny Lindsley in a cabin at the south end of Lake Union in Seattle, Washington. His father, Edward L. Lindsley (1853–1933) came to Seattle via Panama in 1873. His mother, Abbie Lena Denny (August 29, 1858 – October 6, 1915) was born in her family’s log cabin home in Seattle. His parents married on May 4, 1876. Lindsley had five siblings: Mabel Madge Lindsley (September 24, 1879 – December 26, 1919), Sarah Winola Lindsley (July 16, 1881 – ?), Annie Irene Lindsley (December 1, 1882 – ?), Norman David Lindsley (January 2, 1884 – ?), and Harold Denny Lindsley (1887–1887). His parents built a home at 25 Mile Creek on Lake Chelan in Washington.
Lindsley married his first wife, Pearl A. Miller, on September 20, 1918. They had one child, Abbie Lindsley, who was born and died in June 1920. Pearl also died in June 1920.
Lindsley married his second wife, Sarah Sonju, a color artist, on December 14, 1944. They worked out of a studio in their home until Sonju died in 1960. Lindsley continued to photograph into his 90s. He died in 1975 and is interred at Evergreen Washelli Memorial Park.
Working life
In the spring of 1889, at the age of 11, Lindsley helped with the construction of his father's log cabin, known as the Denny Cabin. This cabin was built at the foot of Queen Anne Hill at the intersection of Temperance (renamed to Queen Anne Avenue North) and Republican Streets, and later relocated to the city of Federal Way. On June 6, 1889, just five weeks after this cabin was completed, he stood with one of his sisters on a hill overlooking Seattle and watched the city burn in the Great Fire.
In 1895, Lindsley went to work at the Esther Mines, near Gold Creek, Kittitas County and later worked on the first road along Lake Keechelus.
In 1903, he went to work as a photo processor and photographer for the W. P. Romans Photographic Company in Seattle. Lindsley owned part interest in the studio when it was bought by Asahel Curtis in 1910. This association led him to work for Edward S. Curtis, where Lindsley developed some of the color negatives (orotones), known as the "gold tones", for Curtis’ famous "Indians of North America" series.
As an early-day explorer of the North Cascades, Lindsley became a charter member of the Mountaineers club in 1907. He was honored in the June 1974 issue of the club’s newsletter, The Mountaineer, in the article "The Club Salutes Lawrence Denny Lindsley".
In about 1907, Lindsley moved to Lake Chelan and lived at his parents' ranch. During this time, he was employed by the Great Northern Railway to photograph Glacier National Park for the railroad’s tourist literature. In September 1916, Lindsley was hired by the Great Northern Railway as a guide for the party of author Mary Roberts Rinehart through the North Cascades. Lindsley figured prominently as "Silent Lawrie," a character in her account of the expedition, in a Cosmopolitan magazine article entitled, "A Pack Train in the Cascades," and later in her 1918 novel, Tenting To-Night.
When Lindsley returned to Seattle in 1916 he resumed working at the Asahel Curtis Studio. As he worked at the Curtis Studio, he continued his own landscape and nature photography throughout the 1920s, perfecting his technique of lantern slide photography.
Notes and references
Bibliography
Lindsley, Lawrence Denny Papers 1870-1973, University of Washington Libraries.
External links
University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections – Lawrence Denny Lindsley Photographs Over 400 images representing the landscape and nature photography of Lawrence Denny Lindsley, including photographs of scenes around Mount Rainier and the Cascade Mountains, the Pacific Ocean beaches on the Olympic Peninsula, Eastern Washington and the Grand Coulee region.
Artists from Seattle
People from Federal Way, Washington
1879 births
1974 deaths |
6905804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic%20plexus | Pancreatic plexus | In human neuroanatomy, the pancreatic plexus is a division of the celiac plexus (coeliac plexus) in the abdomen.
External links
Nerve plexus
Nerves of the torso |
23580763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayasritha%20Tissera | Dayasritha Tissera | Anton Dayasritha Tissera is a Sri Lankan politician. He was a member of Parliament of Sri Lanka from 2000 to 2015 and is currently a member of Sri Lanka Podu Jana Peramuna (SLPP).
Early life and family
Dayasritha Tissera was born 14 April 1966, the son of Protus Tissera, a member of parliament from 1970 to 1977, and Anyshia. He has seven siblings (Shanthi, Sunitha, Kamani, Sudarshani, Susil, Pushpanath and Laksiri). Tissera had his primary education at Maris Stella College, Negombo and secondary education at St. Anthony's College, Kandy. He was a member of many societies at both schools and was very active in extracurricular work at St. Anthony's College, Kandy. He later joined Boxhill TAFE College, Australia for his higher studies.
He married his wife Cheril Perera on 19 August 1993, and they have three daughters: Danushkie, Dulanga and Ruweena.
Political career
Father's Political Involvement
Tissera got into politics by following his father, Protus, who was involved in politics in the 1960s. His father was a member of a Kammal Katuwa Gamsabahawa and then contested for general election in 1970 from Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) and got elected to the parliament by securing 10,657 votes. He was given the organiser post for SLFP for Nattandiya Electorate.
Dayasritha's Political Career
Tissera entered into politics in 1988 by joining to People's Front. He contested for general election from the People's Alliance and could not get enough votes to get elected for the parliament. He then contested for the Provincial Counsel election and won a seat in North Western Province. In 2000 General Election Tissera contested for a parliamentary seat from People's Alliance and secured a seat with 38,885 votes. The Peoples’ Alliance government faced a blow because of the decision of most SLMC MPs to leave coalition government and were planning on bringing a no confidence motion against the president. Therefore, Chandrika Kumaratunge called for a sudden general election just a little year after the 2000 General Election on 5 December 2001.
Throughout the turmoil, Tissera had been supporting president Kumaratunge along with rest of People's Alliance MPs. With that popularity Dayasritha again contested for the General Election with the same alliance in 2000 and won a parliament seat by securing 32,457 votes in Puttalam District which was 3rd highest votes secured by People's Alliance MP in the district. In 2004 President Chandrika Kumaratunge appointed Tissera as the Deputy Minister of Ports and Aviation. He worked with Mangala Samaraweera, Minister of Ports and Aviation who was a member of Sri Lanka Freedom Party back then. In 2007, Tissera got appointed as the non-cabinet minister of Skill Developments and Vocational Training where he had to put his all strength for empowering youth and improve the vocational training programs all over the country.
In 2010 General Election Tissera contested from United People's Freedom Alliance (SLFP) and secured a seat from Puttlam District with 38,704 votes. It was a land sliding victory for Mahinda Rajapaksha and United Freedom Alliance (SLFP). Along with Dayasritha's seat, United People's Freedom Alliance (SLFP) could secure 6 seats when United National Front could only secure 2 seats. President Mahinda Rajapksha appointed Dayasritha as the Cabinet Minister of State Resource and Enterprise Development. Tissera's ministry was given a huge role in developing infrastructure in country after the end of 30 year long civil war.
Electoral history
References
Living people
Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Government ministers of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Freedom Party politicians
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
1966 births |
6905838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%27Warren%20Hooker | Ja'Warren Hooker | Ja'Warren Hooker (born September 24, 1978) is a track and field sprinter and former University of Washington football player.
Hooker is one of seven children and has not seen his biological father since he was little. Hooker's step father is a chemist for the Washington State Agriculture Department. He played halfback for Ellensburg High School He ended with 57 touchdowns and 5,100 yards. Hooker went from there to play football at the University of Washington. Hooker also played basketball for his high school, where he shot 40% from 3 point range.
When Hooker decided to go to the University of Washington, he was escorted around by the girls soccer star Marisa Lyons. He developed a relationship with her, and on July 7, a night where he had just been discussing the future with her, she died in his arms of cardiac arrhythmia. When attending her funeral Ja'Warren held her teddy bear and said "I've never been defeated in a race, but Marisa beat me to heaven, I wish it had been a tie."
Career highlights
Hooker made the 2000 Olympic relay team as a back-up member, but he did not get to compete. Before this Hooker was the 1997 USA Junior Champion in the 100 meters.
High school career
In 1995 Hooker won the 100 meters race in 10.71 s as a Sophomore in high school to win his first appearance at the Pasco Invitational. The Pasco Invitational features top high school athletes and teams from primarily Washington state with teams also competing from Oregon and other states. This track meet features more competition than the WIAA State Track and Field Championships. This is because, at State, the best from each classification compete only against others in their classification. In the Pasco Invitational, all athletes compete against each other regardless of their school's classification/size; the competition is also deeper due to the additional out-of-state athletes who come to the Invite.
The following year Hooker returned to the Pasco Invitational to win the sprint double in the 100 m (10.68 s) and 200 m (21.82 s). His final chance to compete at the Pasco Invitational was not wasted as he performed another sprint double in record fashion. Hooker won the 100 meters in 10.44 s to set a meet record and the 200 meters in 21.40 s also for a meet record. Hooker competed in 5 events over those 3 years running at the Pasco Invitational and won all 5 times. Hooker has the Washington State Record for the 100 meters set at 10.27 s.
References
External links
Seattle Times: 2000 Summer Olympics - Ja'Warren Hooker
Northwest Runner, April 2001 - Speak Softly and Run Like the Wind - Washington's Fastest Human, Ja'Warren Hooker, Takes On the Wind
Columns, University of Washington Alumni Magazine, December 2005: Ja’Warren Hooker, ’01
Washington Huskies: Player Profile: Ja’Warren Hooker
USA Track & Field: Ja'Warren Hooker
1978 births
Living people
American male sprinters
Athletes (track and field) at the 2003 Pan American Games
University of Washington alumni
Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
People from Ellensburg, Washington
Medalists at the 2003 Pan American Games |
44499951 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th%20General%20Assembly%20of%20Newfoundland | 17th General Assembly of Newfoundland | The members of the 17th General Assembly of Newfoundland were elected in the Newfoundland general election held in November 1893. The general assembly sat from 1894 to 1897.
The Liberal Party led by William Whiteway formed the government. The Tory Party filed petitions against 15 Liberals including Whiteway and James Murray, an independent, alleging corrupt practices during the election; the results of those elections were set aside. The Tory Party temporarily held the majority and formed a government led by Augustus F. Goodridge in 1894. Following the by-elections, the Liberals regained the majority and formed a government led by Daniel J. Greene. After Whiteway won re-election in a by-election, he became Premier again.
George Emerson was chosen as speaker.
Sir Terence O'Brien served as colonial governor of Newfoundland until 1895, when he was replaced by Sir Herbert Harley Murray.
On December 8, 1894, London banks suspended credit to the Commercial Bank of Newfoundland and requested payment on some of its loans. The bank was unable to meet these obligations and requested its merchant customers to repay their loans; the merchants, themselves financially strapped, were unable to comply. On October 10, known as Black Monday, the Commercial Bank closed. This caused a run by customers on the two remaining banks, the Union Bank of Newfoundland and the Savings Bank of Newfoundland. The Savings Bank was able to cash a large cheque at the Union Bank, but the Union Bank was subsequently forced to close. Neither of the two closed banks would ever reopen. This resulted in the devaluation of Newfoundland's currency, the shutdown of many businesses and widespread unemployment in the colony. Early in 1895, banks from Canada opened branches in Newfoundland to fill the void. The value of the Newfoundland dollar was set to the same value as the Canadian dollar.
Members of the Assembly
The following members were elected to the assembly in 1893:
Notes:
By-elections
By-elections were held to replace members for various reasons:
Notes:
References
Terms of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador |
23580766 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janaka%20Bandara%20Tennakoon | Janaka Bandara Tennakoon | Janaka Bandara Tennakoon is a Sri Lankan politician, a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and a former Cabinet Minister. He was educated at Dharmaraja College, Kandy. He contested as the Group Leader of the Matale District of the Central Province and was elected to the Provincial Council with a majority of Proportional Votes in 1993; Elected as a Member of Parliament with a majority of proportional votes in the General Election of 1994; Elected as a Member of Parliament from the District of Matale with the majority of proportional votes in the general election of 2000. He also previously served as the Minister of Lands and Land Development and Minister of Public Services, Provincial Councils and Local Government.
He is involved in several committees formed by the government.
Career
Started his career as a Sub Inspector of Police in 1973,
Elected as a Central Province Council Member in 1993,
Education
Completed his primary and secondary education at Dharmaraja College.
Holder of Diploma in Business Management, Mass Communication and Information Technology,
.
See also
List of political families in Sri Lanka
Notes
References
Alumni of Dharmaraja College
Living people
Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 16th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna politicians
Government ministers of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Freedom Party politicians
United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
1953 births
Local government and provincial councils ministers of Sri Lanka |
44499955 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodes%20Cooper | Rhodes Cooper | Harry Rhodes Cooper (1925–2009) was Dean of Fredericton from 1972 until 1983.
He was educated at the University of King's College and ordained in 1949. After a curacy at All Saints Cathedral, Halifax he held incumbencies at New Waterford, Nova Scotia and St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador before being appointed Dean in 1972.
He died on 22 January 2009
Notes
1925 births
University of King's College alumni
2009 deaths
Deans of Fredericton |
6905869 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald%20Orr | Ronald Orr | Ronald Guinness Orr Gunion, known as Ronald Orr (6 August 1876 – 21 March 1924) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Newcastle United and Liverpool amongst others in the early 20th century. He played twice for Scotland in 1902 and 1904, scoring one goal.
Club career
Born in Bartonholm (by Kilwinning), Ayrshire, Orr was an inside forward who played for Kilwinning Eglinton, Glossop North End and St Mirren before Newcastle United signed him in May 1901. He spent seven seasons on Tyneside helping the Magpies to the League title in both 1904–05 and 1906–07. He also appeared for the club in the 1906 FA Cup Final, where they succumbed to a 1–0 defeat by Everton.
Orr joined Liverpool in April 1908, when manager Tom Watson paid £350 for his transfer. He made his debut in a Football League Division One match at Villa Park against Aston Villa on 4 April 1908, bagging his first goal in the same match. Unfortunately for Orr and Liverpool, it was a consolation goal in a 5–1 defeat. This wasn't to be his only strike of the season, however, as he managed a more than respectable four goals in the final five matches of that season.
Orr kept up his goalscoring exploits the following season, finishing up as the Reds' top scorer with 20 goals from his 33 starts an average of a goal every 1.65 games. The next season proved to be a tougher challenge where goals were concerned, and Orr only scored 5 times in his 31 appearances. By the 1910-11 season, he was struggling to hold down a regular starting role at Anfield, and he eventually lost his place completely at the beginning of the 1911-12 campaign. Orr left for Raith Rovers in January 1912, after making a total of 112 appearances for Liverpool, during which he scored 39 times. He also played for South Shields, before he retired. During the First World War, he turned out for Fulham as a wartime guest in several friendly matches.
International career
Having scored in a Home Scots v Anglo-Scots international trial match, Orr was selected to make his Scotland debut on 3 May 1902 in a British Home Championship match against England, and he scored to put his side two goals up in an eventual 2–2 draw; like his debut goal for Liverpool, it was at Villa Park (this match was replayed from the original fixture at Ibrox Park, where a stand collapsed, killing 25 spectators and injuring hundreds). His second and last cap was also against England two years later, this time a 1–0 defeat.
Honours
Newcastle United
Football League First Division: 1904–05, 1906–07
FA Cup: runner-up 1906
References
External links
Player profile at LFChistory.net
1876 births
1924 deaths
St Mirren F.C. players
Newcastle United F.C. players
Glossop North End A.F.C. players
Liverpool F.C. players
Raith Rovers F.C. players
South Shields F.C. (1889) players
Scottish footballers
Scotland international footballers
Association football inside forwards
Scottish Junior Football Association players
Scottish Football League players
English Football League players
Fulham F.C. wartime guest players
Footballers from North Ayrshire
FA Cup Final players
People from Kilwinning |
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