id
stringlengths 2
8
| url
stringlengths 31
389
| title
stringlengths 1
250
| text
stringlengths 2
355k
|
|---|---|---|---|
23577270 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992%E2%80%9393%20Libyan%20Premier%20League | 1992–93 Libyan Premier League | The 1992–93 Libyan Premier League was the 24th edition of the competition since its inception in 1963. 19 teams contested the league, with Ahly Benghazi the champions. There was no relegation as the league expanded to 21 teams the following season. The league went to a play off match between Tripoli rivals Ahly and Ittihad, as both were level on points after 36 games. Ahly Tripoli won 2–0 to win their 7th league title and their first for 9 years.
League table
Results
Championship Playoff
As Ahly & Ittihad were tied on points, the league title went to a one-off playoff match. The match was played at the 28 March Stadium in Benghazi.
References
Libya - List of final tables (RSSSF)
Libyan Premier League seasons
1
Libya |
44502704 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoskinstown | Hoskinstown | Hoskinstown is a locality in Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council, New South Wales, Australia. The locality, and what remains of the cluster of settlement of the same name, is 38 km southeast of Canberra the Capital city of Australia, and 299 km southwest of Sydney. At the , it had a population of 189.
The area now known as Hoskinstown lies on the traditional lands of Ngarigo people.
Hoskinstown, was known previously as Hoskingtown; it was named after John Hosking (1805-1882), a Sydney merchant, first elected mayor of Sydney, and the owner of the nearby Foxlow station—its name was derived from his wife Martha's middle name—which he took up around 1835. Part of what was once Hoskings' landholding extented to part of the area occupied by the settlement at Hoskinstown.
The area lay of a road route, between Queanbeyan and Braidwood. Prior to 1870, it was known as 'Blackheath', a name in use since at least as early as 1835. Possibly due to confusion with the newer Blue Mountains township of Blackheath, the name of the newly-opened post office at 'Blackheath' was, only months later in 1870, changed to 'Hoskin's Town'. From around the same time, the name for the small settlement and its surrounding area became 'Hoskingtown', until around 1896, when it became Hoskinstown. Its name has been variously spelt as 'Hoskingtown', 'Hoskingstown', 'Hoskins Town', 'Hoskington', and 'Hoskintown', before, Hoskinstown, became the variant that was used universally. The post office was only renamed from 'Hoskin's Town' to Hoskinstown in 1925.
Hoskinstown's urban portion seems never to have been proclaimed a village—possibly another reason for the confusion about the spelling of its name—and was best described as a cluster of settlement; it was centred on Hoskinstown Road, roughly between modern-day Plains Road and Rossi Road.
Hoskinstown is known for the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope operated by the University of Sydney.
It had a public school from 1869 to 1967, aside from a mysterious event, in 1934, when the building was partially dismantled, without notice or explanation, but then restored. The site of the school was excised from land that was once owned by John Hosking. The school building built, in 1929, has been converted to a private residence,Hoskinstown platform was opened along with the Captains Flat railway line in 1940, and it closed, in August 1968, a year before the line. It was a small short-platform structure.
The settlement once had a hotel, the Victoria Hotel. During the 1930s, a house that contained the post office and store also seems to have operated, at times, as a 'sly grog' outlet. The post office closed at the end of November 1967.
The Catholic Church is dedicated to Saint Peter and Paul. There is also an Anglican Church, St Marks. Both churches have a cemetery. During the years when there was widespread sectarianism in Australia, Hoskinstown was a notable exception, with the two churches holding combined social and sporting events, with the funds raised being shared.
Hoskinstown has a public hall that opened in 1928. The public hall is used for public events of the Hoskinstown-Rossi Rural Fire Service brigade, although the brigade has its own building next to the Anglican Church.
References
External links
Map of Molongolo Parish (1962), NSW Department of Lands
Localities in New South Wales
Queanbeyan–Palerang Regional Council |
23577271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goorudee%20Rivulet | Goorudee Rivulet | The Goorudee Rivulet, a perennial river of the Murrumbidgee catchment of the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Snowy Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The Goorudee Rivulet rises below Bulgar Hill, part of Monaro Range, adjacent to the Snowy Mountains Highway, and flows generally east southeast before reaching its confluence with the Murrumbidgee River, north of Adaminaby. The river descends over its course.
See also
List of rivers of New South Wales (A-K)
List of rivers of Australia
Rivers of New South Wales
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Murray-Darling basin
Snowy Mountains |
17337726 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308%20Eccellenza | 2007–08 Eccellenza | This is a list of division winners and playoff matches in the regionally organized Eccellenza 2007–2008, which is the 6th level of Italian football. A total of 36 teams are promoted to Serie D for the 2008–09 season. The first-placed team from each of the 28 divisions is promoted directly. The seven winners of the national playoffs are also promoted. Finally, the 36th spot is reserved for the winner of the Coppa Italia Dilettanti. This year, the winner was Hinterreggio, which also won direct promotion as divisional winner in the region of Calabria, thus Pro Settimo & Eureka won promotion as Coppa Italia Dilettanti runners-up.
Division winners
Regional playoffs
A number of playoff tournaments were organized by some Regional Committees in order to choose a team for each of the Eccellenza rounds.
The following Regional Committees decided instead not to organize regional playoffs, instead choosing to directly appoint regular season runners-up for the national playoffs:
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol: Brixen
Veneto: Albignasego (A), Edo Mestre (B)
Friuli-Venezia Giulia: Manzanese
Lazio: Aprilia (A), Boville Ernica (B)
Abruzzo: Casoli
Piedmont & Valle d'Aosta
Girone A
Playoff finals
|}
Girone B
Playoff semifinals
|}
Playoff finals
|}
Lombardy
Girone A
Playoff semifinals
|}
Playoff finals
|}
Girone B
Playoff semifinals
|}
Playoff finals
|}
Girone C
Playoff semifinals
|}
Playoff finals
|}
Tuscany
Girone A
Playoff semifinals
|}
Playoff finals
|}
Girone B
Playoff semifinals
|}
Playoff finals
|}
Emilia-Romagna
Girone A
Playoff semifinals
|}
Playoff finals
|}
Girone B
Playoff semifinals
|}
Playoff finals
|}
Marche
Playoff semifinals
|}
Playoff finals
|}
Umbria
Playoff semifinals
|}
Playoff finals
|}
Molise
Playoff semifinals
|}
Playoff finals
|}
Campania
Girone A
Playoff semifinals
|}
Playoff finals
|}
Girone B
Playoff semifinals
|}
Playoff finals
|}
Apulia
Playoff semifinals
|}
Playoff finals
|}
Basilicata
Playoff semifinals
|}
Playoff finals
|}
Calabria
Playoff semifinals
|}
Playoff finals
|}
Sicily
Girone A
Playoff semifinals
|}
Playoff finals
|}
Girone B
Playoff semifinals
|}
Playoff finals
|}
Sardinia
Playoff semifinals
|}
Playoff finals
|}
Notes
(ag) — Qualified through away goals rule.
(b) — Qualified as best-placed team in regular season.
National playoffs
Rules
The national playoffs involved a total of 28 teams, respectively the regional playoff winners or the second-placed teams in case regional playoffs were not organized by the correspondent committee. A total of two two-legged rounds are played in order to fill the remaining seven Serie D spots.
First round
Played on May 25 and June 1
|}
Second round
Played on June 8 and 15
|}
Notes and references
6
2008 |
44502784 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yentl%20Syndrome | Yentl Syndrome | The Yentl Syndrome is the different course of action that heart attacks usually follow for women than for men. This is a problem because much of medical research has focused primarily on symptoms of male heart attacks, and many women have died due to misdiagnosis because their symptoms present differently. The name is taken from the 1983 film Yentl starring Barbra Streisand in which her character plays the role of a male in order to receive the education she desires. The phrase was coined in a 1991 academic paper by Dr. Bernadine Healy titled "The Yentl syndrome."
Heart disease is the leading cause of death for women in the United States, killing 299,578 women in 2017—or about 1 in every 5 female deaths. However, heart disease continues to be thought of as a "man’s disease"
References
References
External links
C. Noel Bairey Merz, MD
Causes of death
Symptoms and signs: Cardiac
Women's health
Syndromes
Medical terminology |
44502868 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sage%20Library | Sage Library | The Sage Library is a historical structure located on 100 E. Midland St in Bay City, Michigan. The library had its grand opening on January 16, 1884 and was constructed by Henry W. Sage as a gift to Bay City. It is operated as a public library by the Bay County Library System. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. It is the oldest continually operated library building in the state of Michigan.
History
Henry W. Sage and his business partner, John McGraw, arrived in Bay City area in the early 1860s to open a sawmill and lumberyard. They platted a small settlement known then as Wenona, and later West Bay City. Henry Sage was also a generous philanthropist, donating significantly to Cornell University. In 1884, Sage contracted with the area's best known architectural firm, Pratt and Koeppe, to design this library, and hired Andrew Thomson as the contractor to construct it.
When originally built, the library itself occupied only the second floor of the building, and contained 10,000 books. The first floor was used for school classes, and the third floor was used as an office for the Superintendent of Schools. The building also provided meeting space for several societies. When West Bay City and Bay City merged in 1903, the library was incorporated into the Bay City System. The collection housed in the building continued to grow, reaching over 110,000 volumes by the 1970s.
The library underwent major renovations in 1982-84, and the slate roof was replaced in 1990. In 2002-04 an extensive renovation restored many historic features, converted the attic into a library area, and included an addition to the rear of building. The building is still operated as a public library.
Description
The Sage Library is a rectangular, 2-1/2-story, four bay wide red brick building with a multi-colored ashlar fieldstone foundation, and highlighted with pink Amherst stone. The building is designed in a revival version of French Châteauesque architecture, with asymmetrical massing and a steeply pitched hipped roof. The front facade has a projecting entryway covered with a gable roof two bays wide, with a rounded archway and double doors. Next to the entryway is a projecting bay reaching to the roofline; the final bay houses a tall double-hung window unit. On the second floor, the projecting bay holds a tri-sided arrangement of tall double hung window units; the remaining bays hold a simple double-hung sash each. At the roof level, the projecting bay is capped with a tri-sided roof while the remaining bays have dormers.
Inside, the arrangement is the same as when the building first opened. The first floor has an entrance lobby and two large rooms originally serving as schoolrooms. The second floor, reached by a stair in the entry way, is also divided into two large rooms. One of these was the original reading room, and the other housed the collection. The third floor remains was originally unfinished, but has been converted into library space.
References
Public libraries in Michigan
Libraries on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places in Bay County, Michigan
Michigan State Historic Sites in Bay County |
23577273 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growee%20River | Growee River | Growee River, a perennial river of the Hunter River catchment, is located in the Central Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Growee River rises on the northern slopes of the Great Dividing Range, below Hefrons Hole, northeast of Rylstone and flows generally northwest then north northeast, then north by west then northeast, joined by three minor tributaries before reaching its confluence with the Bylong River near Bylong. The river descends over its course.
The Bylong Valley Way crosses the Growee River at multiple points from below Growee Mountain in the south to near the town of Bylong in the north.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers of New South Wales (A-K)
List of rivers of Australia
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Central Tablelands |
44502890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alampyris | Alampyris | Alampyris is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
Alampyris bicolor Martins, Santos-Silva & Galileo, 2015
Alampyris cretaria Bates, 1885
Alampyris curta Bates, 1881
Alampyris flavicollis Galileo & Martins, 2005
Alampyris fuliginea Bates, 1881
Alampyris fusca Martins & Galileo, 2008
Alampyris marginella Bates, 1881
Alampyris melanophiloides (Thomson, 1868)
Alampyris mimetica Bates, 1881
Alampyris nigra Bates, 1881
Alampyris photinoides Bates, 1881
Alampyris quadricollis Bates, 1881
References
Hemilophini |
20478100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khurshed%20Makhmudov | Khurshed Makhmudov | Khurshed Mahmudov (born 8 August 1982) is a Tajikistani footballer who plays Tajik League side Regar-TadAZ Tursunzoda, and is a former member of the Tajikistan national football team.
Career
In February 2014, after 12 years with Regar-TadAZ Tursunzoda, Makhmudov signed for FC Istiklol. After two seasons, and 52 appearances for Istiklol, Makhmudov's contract wasn't renewed in January 2016 and he left Istiklol.
In February 2017, Makhmudov switched to Futsal, joining DISI Invest. After six-months with DISI Invest, Makhmudov returned to football, signing with Regar-TadAZ Tursunzoda.
Career statistics
Club
International
Statistics accurate as of match played 29 March 2016
International Goals
Honours
Club
Regar-TadAZ
Tajik League (6): 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008
Tajik Cup (4): 2005, 2006, 2011, 2012
AFC President's Cup (1): 2009
Istiklol
Tajik League (2): 2014, 2015
Tajik Cup (1): 2014, 2015
Tajik Supercup (2): 2014, 2015
International
Tajikistan
AFC Challenge Cup (1): 2006
References
External links
1982 births
Living people
Tajikistani footballers
Tajikistan international footballers
Tajikistan Higher League players
FC Istiklol players
Sportspeople from Dushanbe
Association football midfielders
Footballers at the 2006 Asian Games
Asian Games competitors for Tajikistan |
23577284 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20River%20%28New%20South%20Wales%29 | Henry River (New South Wales) | Henry River, a perennial stream of the Clarence River catchment, is located in the Northern Tablelands district of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Henry River rises below Mitchell Hill, on the slopes of the Great Dividing Range, near Bald Nob and flows generally east and north, before reaching its confluence with the Mann River, near Newtown Boyd. The river descends over its course; and flows through the Mann River Nature Reserve.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Northern Tablelands |
17337727 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Davidson%20%28equerry%29 | Arthur Davidson (equerry) | Colonel Sir Arthur Davidson, (12 November 1856 – 16 October 1922) was a British soldier and courtier.
Davidson was born in Shooter's Hill, Kent, and grew up in Welwyn, Hertfordshire. He was educated at Henley Grammar School and Bute House School, Petersham. In September 1875 he was commissioned Sub-Lieutenant in the 4th Foot, but a year later transferred to the 60th Rifles and was posted to the 2nd Battalion in India. Soon afterwards he was promoted Lieutenant. He took part in the Second Afghan War in 1878–1880 and was appointed ADC to Lieutenant-General Sir Donald Stewart, and later to Major-General Ross. He served in the Boer War in 1881 and fought at the Battle of Tel-el-Kebir in 1882. In 1883 he was appointed Assistant Inspector of Army Signalling at Aldershot, a position he held until 1889, with the temporary rank of Captain. In 1885 he was promoted substantive Captain and a month later promoted Brevet Major in belated recognition of his services in Afghanistan five years earlier. He took part in the Bechuanaland Expedition of 1885.
In 1890 Davidson was appointed ADC to Field Marshal The Duke of Cambridge. He was promoted substantive major in 1893 and lieutenant-colonel in 1895, and on the duke's resignation as Commander-in-Chief later the same year entered the Royal Household as Groom in Waiting in Ordinary to The Queen. He was promoted to Equerry in Ordinary in January 1896, and continued to hold the position when Edward VII acceded to the throne in 1901. He was appointed Member of the Royal Victorian Order 4th Class (MVO) in 1896, and Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) in 1901. Appointment as Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) came in the 1902 Coronation Honours list published on 26 June 1902, and he was invested by King Edward VII at Buckingham Palace on 8 August 1902. He was promoted Brevet colonel on 23 September 1902 and retired from the Army later the same year.
He later became Assistant Keeper of the Privy Purse and Assistant Private Secretary to the King, while also remaining an Equerry. In 1906 he was appointed Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO). On King Edward's death in 1910 he was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in the Accession Honours and then appointed Extra Equerry to the new King George V and Equerry to Queen Alexandra, holding both positions until his death at Sandringham. He was appointed Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO) in the 1921 Birthday Honours.
Davidson is commemorated in a composition for solo bagpipes composed by clan piper to Clan Davidson, Lindsay Davidson.
Footnotes
References
Obituary, The Times, 17 October 1922
1856 births
1922 deaths
People from Shooter's Hill
People from Welwyn
King's Royal Rifle Corps officers
British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Afghan War
British military personnel of the First Boer War
British Army personnel of the Anglo-Egyptian War
Equerries
Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
King's Own Royal Regiment officers
Assistant Private Secretaries to the Sovereign
British military personnel of the Bechuanaland Expedition |
17337738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Davidson | Arthur Davidson | Arthur Davidson may refer to:
Sir Arthur Davidson (equerry) (1856–1922), British Army officer and equerry to Queen Victoria, King Edward VII and King George V
Arthur Davidson (footballer, born 1875) (1875−1961), Australian rules footballer for Fitzroy
Arthur Davidson (motorcycling) (1881–1950), American co-founder of Harley-Davidson
Arthur Davidson (footballer, born 1912) (1912–2002), Australian rules footballer for Hawthorn
Arthur Davidson (politician) (1928–2018), British Labour MP for Accrington, 1966–1983
See also
Arthur Davison, rugby league player |
23577285 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollanders%20River | Hollanders River | The Hollanders River, a perennial river that is part of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Central Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The Hollanders River rises within the Moorara Range, on the eastern slopes of the Great Dividing Range southeast of Edith, and flows generally south by west before reaching its confluence with the Kowmung River, near its junction with the Tuglow River, southeast of Shooters Hill. The river descends over its course.
See also
List of rivers of Australia
List of rivers of New South Wales (A-K)
Rivers of New South Wales
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Central Tablelands |
23577292 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jus%20ad%20rem | Jus ad rem | Jus ad rem is a Latin term of the civil law, meaning "a right to a thing:" that is, a right exercisable by one person over a particular article of property in virtue of a contract or obligation incurred by another person in respect to it and which is enforceable only against or through such other person. It is thus distinguished from jus in re which is a complete and absolute dominion over a thing available against all persons.
The disposition of contemporary civil law jurists is to use the term jus ad rem as descriptive of a right without possession, and jus in re as descriptive of a right accompanied by possession. Or, in a somewhat wider sense, the former denotes an inchoate or incomplete right to a thing; the latter, a complete and perfect right to a thing.
In canon law jus ad rem is a right to a thing. An inchoate and imperfect right, such as is gained by nomination and institution; as distinguished from jus in re, or complete and full right, such as is acquired by corporal possession.
See also
Ius
References
Black's Law Dictionary (Second Edition 1910) (public domain)
2 Bl. Comm. 312
Blackstone, Sir William. Commentaries on the Law of England (2nd ed.); pg. 312.
U.S. Supreme Court: THE CARLOS F ROSES, 177 U.S. 655 (1900).
177 U.S. 655 THE CARLOS F. ROSES. No. 243. Argued January 12, 1900. Decided May 14, 1900.
The Young Mechanic, 30 Federal Case 873, No. 18,180 (Circuit Court, United States District Court for the District of Maine 1855)
Latin legal terminology |
17337764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken%20Hale%20%28footballer%29 | Ken Hale (footballer) | Kenneth Oliver Hale (18 September 1939 – 5 January 2015) was an English football player and manager. He played as an inside forward for Newcastle United, Coventry City, Oxford United, Darlington and Halifax Town, and scored 84 goals from 420 appearances in the Football League. He had a brief spell as player-manager of Darlington in 1972, and went on to manage Hartlepool from 1974 to 1976.
Managerial statistics
Source:
References
1939 births
2015 deaths
People from Blyth, Northumberland
English footballers
Association football inside forwards
Newcastle United F.C. players
Coventry City F.C. players
Oxford United F.C. players
Darlington F.C. players
Halifax Town A.F.C. players
English Football League players
English football managers
Darlington F.C. managers
Hartlepool United F.C. managers
English Football League managers
Footballers from Northumberland |
17337778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken%20Lee | Ken Lee | Kenneth or Ken Lee may refer to:
Ken Lee (businessman) (1932–2007), co-founder of Bing Lee stores in Australia
Ken Lee (linebacker) (born 1948), American football linebacker
Kenneth B. Lee (1922–2010), Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Kenneth E. Lee (born 1961), Pennsylvania politician
Ken Lee (RAF officer) (1915–2008), British Second World War flying ace
Kenneth K. Lee, United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
J. Kenneth Lee, civil rights attorney
See also
"Ken Lee", an English-phonetic cover of "Without You" by Badfinger, sung by Valentina Hasan on Bulgarian Music Idol |
23577294 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeegoodbee%20River | Ingeegoodbee River | The Ingeegoodbee River is a perennial river of the Snowy River catchment, located in the Alpine regions of the states of New South Wales and Victoria, Australia.
Course and features
The Ingeegoodbee River rises in alpine country within the Snowy Mountain Range contained within Kosciuszko National Park, south of Thredbo in New South Wales. The river flows generally southeast by south and then southwest, flowing across the Black-Allan Line that forms part of the border between Victoria and New South Wales, joined by one minor tributary, before reaching its confluence with the Suggan Buggan River within the Alpine National Park in Victoria. The river descends over its course.
See also
List of rivers of New South Wales (A-K)
List of rivers of Australia
Rivers of New South Wales
References
External links
Rivers of Victoria (Australia)
East Gippsland catchment
Rivers of Gippsland (region)
Rivers of New South Wales
Snowy Mountains |
20478109 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beromic%20languages | Beromic languages | The four Beromic languages are a branch of the Plateau languages spoken in central Nigeria by approximately 1 million people.
Classification
The following classification is taken from Blench (2008).
Blench (2019) also includes Nincut.
Names and locations
Below is a list of language names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019).
Comparative vocabulary
Sample basic vocabulary of Beromic languages from Blench (2006):
Notes
References
Blench (2008) . Manuscript.
External links
Roger Blench: Beromic page
Plateau languages |
44502939 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Independence%20%28Belize%20House%20constituency%29 | Lake Independence (Belize House constituency) | Lake Independence, often known simply as Lake I, is an electoral constituency in the Belize District represented in the House of Representatives of the National Assembly of Belize since 2015 by Cordel Hyde. Hyde previously served as area representative from 1998 to 2012.
Profile
The Lake Independence constituency was one of 10 new seats created for the 1984 general election. It occupies portions of western and southern Belize City, bordering the Belize Rural Central, Freetown, Pickstock, Collet and Port Loyola constituencies.
Area Representatives
Elections
References
Belizean House constituencies established in 1984
Political divisions in Belize |
44502952 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amapanesia%20exotica | Amapanesia exotica | Amapanesia exotica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Amapanesia. It was described by Martins and Galileo in 1991.
References
Hemilophini
Beetles described in 1991 |
17337782 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clevudine | Clevudine | Clevudine (INN) is an antiviral drug for the treatment of hepatitis B (HBV). It is already approved for HBV in South Korea and the Philippines. It is marketed by Bukwang Pharmaceuticals in South Korea under the tradenames Levovir and Revovir.
Researchers in South Korea are testing clevudine at lower doses in combination with adefovir for continued use.
It is a nucleoside analog.
References
Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Pyrimidinediones
Organofluorides
Arabinosides
Halohydrins
Hydroxymethyl compounds |
23577297 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isis%20River%20%28New%20South%20Wales%29 | Isis River (New South Wales) | Isis River, a perennial river of the Hunter River catchment, is located in the Upper Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Isis River rises on the southern slopes of the Great Dividing Range, below Crawney Mountain, northeast of Murrurundi and flows generally south, joined by two minor tributaries before reaching its confluence with the Pages River near Belltrees, northeast of Scone. The river descends over its course.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers of New South Wales (A-K)
List of rivers of Australia
References
External links
Rivers of the Hunter Region
Upper Hunter Shire
Hunter River (New South Wales) |
20478120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Fung | William Fung | William Fung Kwok Lun OBE JP () (born 21 February 1949) is a Hong Kong billionaire businessman who is the group managing director of Li & Fung Group, one of the largest trading companies in Hong Kong.
Early life
Fung was born in 1949 in Hong Kong. He attended Princeton University in its class of 1970, majoring in electrical engineering. He subsequently earned an MBA from Harvard Business School in 1972.
Fung is one of two sons of Fung Hon-chu, former head of Li & Fung, and grandson of Fung Pak Liu, founder of the family firm. He is the younger brother of Victor Fung Kwok King, the chairman of the group.
Career
Fung joined the family firm, and helped it expand to Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore and China.
Fung is a non-executive director of HSBC Holdings, CLP Holdings Limited, VTech Holdings Limited, Shui On Land Limited and Singapore Airlines.
Fung served as the international chair of the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council from 1999 to 2001.
Philanthropy
Fund endowed the "Fung Scholarship" at his alma mater, Princeton University. In 2009, he was appointed to the university's board of trustees.
Personal
Fung is married with three children and, like his brother Victor, holds American citizenship.
See also
List of Princeton University people
References
1949 births
Living people
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Hong Kong chief executives
Hong Kong billionaires
Li & Fung
HSBC people
Princeton University School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Harvard Business School alumni
Members of the Selection Committee of Hong Kong
Members of the Preparatory Committee for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee members
New Hong Kong Alliance politicians |
44502954 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980%20Torneo%20God%C3%B3 | 1980 Torneo Godó | The 1980 Torneo Godó or Trofeo Conde de Godó was a men's tennis tournament that took place on outdoor clay courts at the Real Club de Tenis Barcelona in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It was the 28th edition of the tournament and was part of the 1980 Grand Prix circuit. It was held from 6 October through 12 October 1980. Second-seeded Ivan Lendl won the singles title. Björn Borg, winner in 1975 and 1977, withdrew two days before the start of the event due to a knee injury.
Finals
Singles
Ivan Lendl defeated Guillermo Vilas 6–4, 5–7, 6–4, 4–6, 6–1
It was Lendl's 3rd singles title of the year and of his career.
Doubles
Steve Denton / Ivan Lendl defeated Pavel Složil / Balázs Taróczy 6–2, 6–7, 6–3
References
External links
ITF tournament edition details
ATP tournament profile
Official tournament website
Barcelona Open (tennis)
Torneo Godo
Torneo Godo
Torneo Godo |
20478225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samad%20Shohzukhurov | Samad Shohzukhurov | Samad Shohzukhurov (born 8 February 1990) is a Tajikistani footballer who last played for Barki Tajik. He is a member of the Tajikistan national football team in the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign. He also joined the 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup held in South Korea.
Career statistics
International
Statistics accurate as of match played 13 August 2008
References
External links
1990 births
Living people
Tajikistani footballers
Tajikistan international footballers
Association football midfielders |
23577299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobs%20River%20%28New%20South%20Wales%29 | Jacobs River (New South Wales) | The Jacobs River, a perennial river of the Snowy River catchment, is located in the Snowy Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The Jacobs River rises below Purgatory Hill within The Snowy Mountains Range, part of the Great Dividing Range, contained within the Kosciuszko National Park, on the western slopes of Mount Stony. The river flows generally west and then southeast, joined by five minor tributaries, before reaching its confluence with the Snowy River below Stockyard Ridge. The river descends over its course.
See also
List of rivers of New South Wales (A–K)
List of rivers of Australia
Rivers of New South Wales
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Snowy Mountains |
17337791 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Len%20Richley | Len Richley | Lionel "Len" Richley (2 July 1924 – after 1970) was an English footballer who made 72 appearances in the Football League playing as a wing half for Hartlepools United in the 1950s. He went on to manage non-league clubs Holbeach United and King's Lynn and league clubs Rochdale and Darlington.
Managerial statistics
Source:
References
1924 births
Year of death missing
Footballers from Gateshead
English footballers
Association football wing halves
Tonbridge Angels F.C. players
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Hartlepool United F.C. players
Holbeach United F.C. players
English Football League players
English football managers
Holbeach United F.C. managers
King's Lynn F.C. managers
Rochdale A.F.C. managers
Darlington F.C. managers
English Football League managers |
44502977 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Polak | David Polak | David Polak is an American business executive and philanthropist from Beverly Hills, California. He was the Founder and Chairman of NWQ Investment Management, an investment firm with US$30 billion under management. He is a large donor to the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology in Israel.
Early life
David Polak graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He received a master's degree from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and an MBA from the Anderson Graduate School of Management at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
Career
He founded NWQ Investment Management, an investment firm based in Century City, Los Angeles, with US$30 billion under management. He served as its Chairman. The company is affiliated with Nuveen Investments.
Philanthropy
He served as Chair of the Investment Committee of the Jewish Community Foundation (JCF) of Los Angeles from 2004 to 2009. Under his tenure, the JCF invested US$12 million with Bernard L. Madoff in 2004, and US$6 million in 2006.
With his wife, he has donated to the American Technion Society, which supports the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, Israel, for twenty years. The David and Janet Polak Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center at Technion was named after his wife and he after they made a large charitable contribution to the institute. He received an honorary Doctorate from Technion in 2009. He has also donated to the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel.
With his wife, he was the recipient of the Philanthropic Leadership Award from the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center at their 2014 Board of Governors Gala, which took place at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel on December 2, 2014.
Personal life
He is married to Janet Polak.
References
Living people
People from Beverly Hills, California
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
UCLA Anderson School of Management alumni
American chairpersons of corporations
Philanthropists from California
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
Year of birth missing (living people) |
23577302 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaloperonospora%20arabidopsidis | Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis | Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis is a species from the family Peronosporaceae. It is an obligate parasite and the causal agent of the downy mildew of the plant model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. While H. arabidopsidis has for a long time been subsumed under Peronospora parasitica (now Hyaloperonospora parasitica), recent studies have shown that H. parasitica is restricted to Capsella bursa-pastoris as a host plant. Like the other Hyaloperonospora species, H. arabidopsidis is highly specialized to Arabidopsis thaliana.
References
Further reading
Peronosporales
Water mould plant pathogens and diseases
Eudicot diseases
Arabidopsis thaliana |
20478248 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamshed%20Ismailov | Jamshed Ismailov | Jamshed Ismailov (born 12 January 1987) is a Tajikistani footballer who currently plays for Regar-TadAZ Tursunzoda. He is a member of the Tajikistan national football team in the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign.
Career statistics
International
Statistics accurate as of match played 4 June 2013
International goals
Honours
Regar-TadAZ
Tajik League (2): 2006, 2008
Tajik Cup (3): 2006, 2011, 2012
Tajik Supercup (3): 2011, 2012, 2013
AFC President's Cup (2): 2008, 2009
References
External links
1987 births
Living people
Tajikistani footballers
Tajikistan international footballers
Footballers at the 2006 Asian Games
Association football midfielders
Asian Games competitors for Tajikistan |
44502981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espionage%20%28film%29 | Espionage (film) | Espionage is a 1937 American Proto-Noir, spy-film, adventure, drama, romance, comedy thriller film directed by Kurt Neumann and written by Leonard Lee, Ainsworth Morgan and Manuel Seff, based on the 1935 West End play Espionage by Walter C. Hackett. The film stars Edmund Lowe, Madge Evans, Paul Lukas, Ketti Gallian, Richard "Skeets" Gallagher, and Frank Reicher. The film was released February 26, 1937, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
Plot
Lowe plays a smart-aleck mystery novelist who agrees to board the Orient Express to get the goods on an arms dealer (Lukas) for a newspaper editor pal. But when his passport is lifted by a pickpocket (Gallagher), he finds himself forced to pose as the husband of passenger Evans, unaware that she's a reporter who's also on Lukas' trail.
Cast
Edmund Lowe as Kenneth Stevens
Madge Evans as Patricia Booth
Paul Lukas as Anton Kronsky
Ketti Gallian as Sonia Yaloniv
Richard "Skeets" Gallagher as Jimmy Brown
Frank Reicher as Von Cram
Billy Gilbert as Turk (billed as William Gilbert)
Robert Graves as Duval
Leonid Kinskey as Maxie Burgos
Mitchell Lewis as Sondheim
Charles Trowbridge as Doyle
Barnett Parker as Bill Cordell
Nita Pike as Fleurette
Juan Torena as South American
George Sorel as Maitre d'Hotel
Gaston Glass as La Forge
Egon Brecher as Chief of Police
Leo White as Barber (uncredited)
Russell Hicks as Alfred Hartrix (uncredited)
Gino Corrado as Bandleader (uncredited)
Ann Rutherford as Train Passenger (uncredited)
References
External links
1937 films
English-language films
American spy thriller films
1930s spy thriller films
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Films directed by Kurt Neumann
Films set on the Orient Express
American black-and-white films
American films based on plays |
44502991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apagomera | Apagomera | Apagomera is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
Apagomera aereiventris (Tippmann, 1960)
Apagomera bravoi Galileo & Martins, 2009
Apagomera jaguarari Galileo & Martins, 1998
Apagomera seclusa Lane, 1965
Apagomera tipitinga Galileo & Martins, 1998
Apagomera triangularis (Germar, 1824)
References
Hemilophini |
23577303 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenolan%20River | Jenolan River | The Jenolan River, a perennial river that is part of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Central Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The Jenolan River rises below Black Mount on the eastern slopes of the Great Dividing Range southeast of Oberon, and flows generally southeast and east, joined by one minor tributary, before reaching its confluence with the Coxs River below Mount Jenolan. The river descends over its course.
At Jenolan Caves the river flows underground for approximately .
See also
Jenolan Caves
List of rivers of Australia
List of rivers of New South Wales (A-K)
Rivers of New South Wales
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Central Tablelands
Oberon Council |
17337797 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jag%20Mundhra | Jag Mundhra | Jag Mundhra (born Jagmohan Mundhra 29 October 1948 – 4 September 2011) was an Indian American director, producer, and screenwriter, best known for his early career as an American exploitation film writer-director.
Early life
Mundhra was born at Nagpur and grew up in a Marwari locality in Calcutta in a conservative family where films were frowned upon. He nevertheless nurtured a secret ambition to become a filmmaker. His childhood, as of other Indians of his generation, was a tough one, counting pennies for the tram that rode to the other, affluent side of the city, and withstanding his family's strict traditions.
According to Mundhra, "The family was very conservative and my grand mother was very strict and we were allowed to see maybe a couple of films a year and that too of the Har Har Mahadev variety. ... Even as a child I never saw myself as a young Marwari boy but a lot beyond that. In those days, the word global citizen was not there, but inside I felt like one".
IIT Bombay and United States
A key influence on Mundhra was his admission to the highly competitive and prestigious IIT Bombay. In his words, "I had studied in a Hindi medium school up to 9th grade and always admired people who spoke English fluently. IIT taught me a lot of humility. In my wing, there were students who were from different states, and as far as English went, this person from Bihar who couldn't speak English to save his life outshone everyone else with his brilliance. I did well, but realized very early on while in IIT that engineering was not for me. I would be very unhappy if I was to live my life being an engineer, but I stuck it out because I didn't want to let my parents down". He pursued a master's degree in electrical engineering but switched to a PhD program in motion pictures at University of Michigan, before embarking on his film career.
Career
After his first dramas, Suraag (1982), and the socially-relevant film, Kamla (1984), Mundhra directed, in the late 1980s and the 1990s, a string of horror and erotic thriller movies for theatrical distribution and direct to video, including The Jigsaw Murders (1988), Hack-O-Lantern (1988), Night Eyes (1990), The Other Women (1992), L.A. Goddess (1993), Sexual Malice (1994), Tales of The Kama Sutra: The Perfumed Garden (2000), and Tales of The Kama Sutra 2: Monsoon (2001).
Beginning with Bawandar (2000), which he directed under the name Jagmohan, Mundhra was back to issue-oriented films. Bawandar is about the fight of a poor woman for justice and was based on the story of a Rajasthani woman, Bhanwari Devi. After the film's release, Ashok Gehlot, the Chief Minister of Rajasthan, called Mundhra and said, "Aapke bawandar ne bada bawander machaya hai." He gave Rs 50,000 and land to Bhanwari Devi and also money for her son's education. To Mundhra, "It's not a movie about rape, but the empowerment of a woman. This character could be fictitious and yet the story would have had the same powerful message". In his own words, Kamla, Bawandar and Provoked (2006) are his trilogy of strong female-centric films.
At the time of his death, Mundhra was working on a film based on the life of Sonia Gandhi. Mundhra was also a life member of the International Film & Television Club of the Asian Academy of Film & Television.
Filmography
Suraag (1982)
Kamla (1984)
The Jigsaw Murders (1988)
Hack-O-Lantern (1988)
Night Eyes (1990)
Legal Tender (1991)
The Other Women (1992)
L.A. Goddess (1993)
Sexual Malice (1994)
Improper Conduct (1994)
Tales of The Kama Sutra: The Perfumed Garden (2000)
Tales of The Kama Sutra 2: Monsoon (2001)
Bawandar (2000)
Personal life
Mundhra is the father of Academy Award-nominated director/producer Smriti Mundhra.
Death
Mundhra died in Mumbai on 4 September 2011, aged 62, from pneumonia and multiple organ failure.
References
External links
1948 births
2011 deaths
IIT Bombay alumni
Michigan State University alumni
American film directors of Indian descent
Indian male screenwriters
Hindi-language film directors
Indian emigrants to the United States
Indian documentary filmmakers
American screenwriters of Indian descent
American film producers of Indian descent
Deaths from pneumonia in India
Film directors from Maharashtra
Artists from Nagpur
Film producers from Maharashtra
20th-century Indian film directors |
20478250 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo%20Cristante | Filippo Cristante | Filippo Cristante (born 20 April 1977, in San Vito al Tagliamento) is an Italian football manager and former player, who last played as a defender for Italian club Portogruaro in Lega Pro.
Career
Cristante started his career in the amateur divisions, with Sacilese, where he already demonstrated his talent, before moving to Serie B side Cosenza. Experiences with Padova and Ravenna in Serie B soon followed. In 2001, he moved to Piacenza, which he made his debut in the top division, starting in the Serie A match Lazio–Piacenza, on August 26, 2001, which ended in a 1–1 away draw. He remained with Piacenza (playing in two in first division league championships and two in Serie B) until January 2005, when he was hired by Messina in Serie A. With the team, he scored his first and so far only goal in the top division, under Peloritana. Since 2006, he has played for Mantova in the second division of Italian Football.
In July 2009, he signed a two-year contract with Ancona.
Style of play
Equipped with a powerful physique, Cristante was a hard-working, tenacious and hard-tackling footballer who specialised in defensive roles; a versatile player, he was capable of playing anywhere along the back-line, and throughout his career he was used as a left or right-back, and as a central defender. Originally he played as an attacker, but was soon deployed in defence.
Match-fixing scandal
Cristante was involved in the 2011–12 Italian football match-fixing scandal and was banned from any soccer-related activities for three years.
References
External links
1977 births
Living people
People from San Vito al Tagliamento
Italian footballers
Italy under-21 international footballers
Cosenza Calcio 1914 players
Calcio Padova players
Ravenna F.C. players
Piacenza Calcio 1919 players
A.C.R. Messina players
Mantova 1911 players
A.C. Ancona players
A.S.D. Portogruaro players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Association football defenders
Footballers from Friuli Venezia Giulia |
44502999 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20A.%20Halsey | Frederick A. Halsey | Frederick Arthur Halsey (July 12, 1856 – October 20, 1935) was an American mechanical engineer and economist, who was long-time editor of the American Machinist magazine, and particularly known for his 1891 article, entitled "The premium plan of paying for labor."
Biography
Halsey was born in Unadilla, New York to the physician Gaius Leonard Halsey, and Juliet Cartington Halsey. He was the younger brother of Francis Whiting Halsey (1851–1919), who became a noted American journalist, editor and historian. At the age of 22 in 1878 Frederick graduated from Cornell University with a degree in mechanical engineering.
Halsey was editor of the American Machinist. In his famous 1891 paper "The Premium Plan of Paying for Labor," he argued "against piecework payment and profit-sharing, and proposing an incentive wage system with an hourly wage, production requirements, and additional pay incentives for workers who exceed production goals -- had a major impact on the subsequent structure of labor pay in America and Britain."
In 1902 he was representative of the National Association of Manufacturers and successful opposed the metric system adoption in United States. In 1917 he was one of the founding members the American Institute of Weights and Measures to keep opposing the adoption of the metric system in the US.
In 1922 he was awarded the ASME Medal by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers for "eminently distinguished engineering achievement".
Work
The Premium Plan of Paying for Labor, 1891
At the June, 1891, meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Halsey presented a paper entitled "The Premium Plan of Paying for Labor." In this paper Halsey presents four types of labor payment:
The day's-work plan : the workman is paid for and in proportion to the time spent upon his work.
The piece-work plan : the workman is paid for and in proportion to the amount of work done.
The profit-sharing plan : in addition to regular wages, the employees are offered a certain percentage of the final profits of the business.
The premium plan : The time required to do a given piece of work is determined from previous experience, and the workman, in addition to his usual daily wages, is offered a premium for every hour by which he reduces that time on future work, the amount of the premium being less than his rate of wages.
Hugo Diemer (1904) summarized:
Halsey briefly outlines the advantages and disadvantages of the day-work plan, the piece-work plan, and the profit-sharing plan, and then describes the premium plan as used by himself, citing specific instances illustrating the working of the method. 'Under the day-work system, matters settle down to an easy-going pace, and the employer pays extravagantly for his product.' With regard to piece work, Halsey discusses at length the evils of rate-cutting. He presents as an objection to the piece-work plan an argument that may in many cases be a strong one in its favor, namely, that it requires a knowledge and record of the cost of each piece of a complicated machine, and oftentimes of each operation on each piece, thus limiting its application to products which are produced in considerable quantities...
And furthermore:
<blockquote>... With regard to profit-sharing, he objects that any system of profit distribution based on collective rather than individual efforts is unfair, that the remoteness of the reward is a disadvantage, that in bad business years there will be no distribution, and that the workmen have no check on the correctness of the employers' figures.
With regard to the premium system, he advocates varied hourly premium rates for time gained, depending on the character of the work, a detail that deserves more attention than it has generally received.
In the discussion, Mr. William Kent attests to the fact that Mr. Halsey spoke to him about the premium plan a year or so prior to Mr. Towne's discussion on gain-sharing. Mr. Kent introduced the method at that time in the shops of the Springer Torsion Balance Company.</blockquote>
This work contributed to the wider discussion among British and American engineers about the development of a costing system for factories. It was among the works of initial contributions as Captain Henry Metcalfe (1885/86), Emile Garcke (1887), Henry R. Towne (1891), etc., and notable further contributions came from Arnold, Sterling Bunnell, Alexander Hamilton Church, Hugo Diemer, Henry Laurence Gantt, Lingan S. Randolph, Oberlin Smith, Frederick Winslow Taylor, etc.
The time ticket
For the implementation of his "premium plan" for labor payment and production control, Halsey (1891) proposed the form of time ticket. He explains that this ticket should be:
...issued by the foreman, the blanks at the top being filled up by him. If desired as a check he punches a hole on the line, indicating the hour when the work is given out, repeating the same when the work and ticket are returned. The record of the time is kept by drawing a line between various hour marks, an operation which the most illiterate can perform.
It was the intention, that the ticket should be used over several days' work, and is not returned until the work is completed, and contains the record of the entire job. As such the card has similarities with the Shop Order Card, presented by Captain Henry Metcalfe in his "Card system for cost accounting and production control", presented six years earlier.
Halsey further explained, how his premium plan should work. In advance a standard time is set, and registered on the back of the ticket. On the back of the ticket was printed:
According to previous experience this work should require . . . hours. If completed in less time than that a premium of . . . cents will be paid for each hour saved.
And furthermore Halsey explained, that "when the ticket is returned, a comparison of the back with the front shows the premium earned. This is
entered opposite the workman's name, in a book kept for the purpose, which is a companion to the usual time book or payroll."
Selected publications
Frederick A. Halsey, "The Premium Plan of Paying for Labor," Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, XXII (1891),
Halsey, Frederick Arthur. Slide Valve Gears: An Explanation of the Action and Construction of Plain and Cut-off Slide Valves. D. Van Nostrand Company, 1894.
Towne, Henry Robinson, Frederick Arthur Halsey, and Frederick Winslow Taylor. The adjustment of wages to efficiency: three papers... Vol. 1. No. 2. For the American economic association by the Macmillan company, 1896.
Halsey, Frederick Arthur. The locomotive link motion. Press of Railway and Locomotive Engineering, 1898.
Halsey, Frederick Arthur. The premium plan of paying for labor. Cornell University, Sibley Journal Press, 1902.
Halsey, Frederick Arthur. Worm and spiral gearing. No. 116. D. Van Nostrand Company, 1903.
Halsey, Frederick Arthur, and Samuel Sherman Dale. The metric fallacy. D. Van Nostrand Company, 1904.
Smith, Charles Follansbee, and Frederick Arthur Halsey. The Design and Construction of Cams. Hill Publishing Company, 1906.
Halsey, Frederick Arthur. Handbook for Machine Designers and Draftsmen. McGraw-Hill book Company, Incorporated, 1913.
Halsey, Frederick Arthur. Methods of machine shop work: for apprentices and students in technical and trade schools.'' McGraw-Hill Book Company, inc., 1914.
References
External links
1856 births
1935 deaths
American mechanical engineers
Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
People from Unadilla, New York
ASME Medal recipients
Engineers from New York (state) |
23577315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993%E2%80%9394%20Libyan%20Premier%20League | 1993–94 Libyan Premier League | The 1993–94 Libyan Premier League was the 26th edition of the competition since its inception in 1963. Ahly Tripoli won their 7th league title by beating arch rivals Ittihad 1–0 in the Championship Playoff. The title was Ahly's first for ten seasons.
Overview
The 21 participating teams were split into two groups, one of 11 teams, and the other of 10. The top team in each group would go through to a one-off match to decide the championship.
Ittihad won their group by 12 points from Hilal, while Ahly Tripoli won their group by 6 points from cross-city rivals Madina.
The championship match took place on June 14, 1994, at the 11 June Stadium. Ahly Tripoli defeated Ittihad 1–0 to achieve the national crown.
League standings
Group A
Group B
Playoff
The top team from each group advanced to a one-off playoff match, to be played at the 11 June Stadium. Ahly Tripoli defeated bitter rivals Ittihad through an Idris Mikraaz goal to win their 8th Premier League title.
References
Libya - List of final tables (RSSSF)
Libyan Premier League seasons
1
Libya |
44503004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion%20in%20the%20Solomon%20Islands | Abortion in the Solomon Islands | Abortion in the Solomon Islands is only legal if the abortion will save the mother's life. In the Solomon Islands, if an abortion is performed on a woman for any other reason, the violator is subject to a life sentence in prison. A woman who performs a self-induced abortion may also be imprisoned for life.
Any approved abortion requires consent from two physicians as well as the woman's husband or next of kin.
References
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands
Human rights abuses in the Solomon Islands |
6905345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse%20gas%20inventory | Greenhouse gas inventory | Greenhouse gas inventories are emission inventories of greenhouse gas emissions that are developed for a variety of reasons. Scientists use inventories of natural and anthropogenic (human-caused) emissions as tools when developing atmospheric models. Policy makers use inventories to develop strategies and policies for emissions reductions and to track the progress of those policies. Regulatory agencies and corporations also rely on inventories to establish compliance records with allowable emission rates. Businesses, the public, and other interest groups use inventories to better understand the sources and trends in emissions.
Unlike some other air emission inventories, greenhouse gas inventories include not only emissions from source categories, but also removals by carbon sinks. These removals are typically referred to as carbon sequestration.
Greenhouse gas inventories typically use Global warming potential (GWP) values to combine emissions of various greenhouse gases into a single weighted value of emissions.
Some of the key examples of greenhouse gas inventories include:
All Annex I countries are required to report annual emissions and sinks of greenhouse gases under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
National governments that are Parties to the UNFCCC and/or the Kyoto Protocol are required to submit annual inventories of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions from sources and removals from sinks.
The Kyoto Protocol includes additional requirements for national inventory systems, inventory reporting, and annual inventory review for determining compliance with Articles 5 and 8 of the Protocol.
Project developers under the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol prepare inventories as part of their project baselines.
Scientific efforts aimed at understanding detail of total net carbon exchange. Example: Project Vulcan - a comprehensive US inventory of fossil-fuel greenhouse gas emissions.
ISO 14064
The ISO 14064 standards (published in 2006 and early 2007) are the most recent additions to the ISO 14000 series of international standards for environmental management. The ISO 14064 standards provide governments, businesses, regions and other organisations with an integrated set of tools for programs aimed at measuring, quantifying and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. These standards allow organisations take part in emissions trading schemes using a globally recognised standard.
Local Government Operations Protocol
The Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP) is a tool for accounting and reporting greenhouse gas emissions across a local government's operations. Adopted by the California Air Resources Board (ARB) in September 2008 for local governments to develop and report consistent GHG inventories to help meet California's AB 32 GHG reduction obligations, it was developed in partnership with California Climate Action Registry, The Climate Registry, ICLEI and dozens of stakeholders.
The California Sustainability Alliance also created the Local Government Operations Protocol Toolkit, which breaks down the complexities of the LGOP manual and provides an area by area summary of the recommended inventory protocols.
Know IPCC Format for GHG Emissions Inventory
The data in the GHG emissions inventory is presented using the IPCC format (seven sectors presented using the Common Reporting Format, or CRF) as is all communication between Member States and the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol.
Greenhouse gas emissions accounting
Greenhouse gas emissions accounting is measuring the amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted during a given period of time by a polity, usually a country but sometimes a region or city. Such measures are used to conduct climate science and climate policy.
There are two main, conflicting ways of measuring GHG emissions: production-based (also known as territorial-based) and consumption-based. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines production-based emissions as taking place “within national territory and offshore areas over which the country has jurisdiction”. Consumption-based emissions take into account the effects of trade, encompassing the emissions from domestic final consumption and those caused by the production of its imports. From the perspective of trade, consumption-based emissions accounting is thus the reverse of production-based emissions accounting, which includes exports but excludes imports (Table 1).
The choice of accounting method can have very important effects on policymaking, as each measure can generate a very different result. Thus, different values for a National greenhouse gas Emissions Inventory (NEI) could result in a country choosing different optimal mitigation activities, the wrong choice based on wrong information being potentially damaging. The application of production-based emissions accounting is currently favoured in policy terms as it is easier to measure, although much of the scientific literature favours consumption-based accounting. The former method is criticised in the literature principally for its inability to allocate emissions embodied in international trade/transportation and the potential for carbon leakage.
Almost all countries in the world are parties to the Paris Agreement, which requires them to provide regular production-based GHG emissions inventories to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), in order to track both countries achievement of their nationally determined contributions and climate policies as well as regional climate policies such as the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS), and the world's progress in limiting global warming. Under an earlier UNFCCC agreement greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey will continue to be inventoried even if it is not party to the Paris Agreement.
Rationale
It is now overwhelmingly accepted that the release of GHG, predominantly from the anthropogenic burning of fossil fuels and the release of direct emissions from agricultural activities, is accelerating the growth of these gases in the atmosphere resulting in climate change. Over the last few decades emissions have grown at an increasing rate from 1.0% yr−1 throughout the 1990s to 3.4% yr−1 between 2000 and 2008. These increases have been driven not only by a growing global population and per-capita GDP, but also by global increases in the energy intensity of GDP (energy per unit GDP) and the carbon intensity of energy (emissions per unit energy). These drivers are most apparent in developing markets (Kyoto non-Annex B countries), but what is less apparent is that a substantial fraction of the growth in these countries is to satisfy the demand of consumers in developed countries (Kyoto Annex B countries). This is exaggerated by a process known as Carbon Leakage whereby Annex B countries decrease domestic production in place of increased importation of products from non-Annex B countries where emission policies are less strict. Although this may seem the rational choice for consumers when considering local pollutants, consumers are inescapably affected by global pollutants such as GHG, irrespective of where production occurs. Although emissions have slowed since 2007 as a result of the global financial crisis, the longer-term trend of increased emissions is likely to resume.
Today, much international effort is put into slowing the anthropogenic release of GHG and resulting climate change. In order to set benchmarks and emissions targets for - as well as monitor and evaluate the progress of - international and regional policies, the accurate measurement of each country's NEI becomes imperative.
Measuring GHG emissions
There are two main, conflicting ways of measuring GHG emissions: production-based (also known as territorial-based) and consumption-based.
Production-based accounting
As production-based emissions accounting is currently favoured in policy terms, its methodology is well established. Emissions are calculated not directly but indirectly from fossil fuel usage and other relevant processes such as industry and agriculture according to 2006 guidelines issued by the IPCC for GHG reporting. The guidelines span numerous methodologies dependent on the level of sophistication (Tiers 1–3 in Table 2). The simplest methodology combines the extent of human activity with a coefficient quantifying the emissions from that activity, known as an ‘emission factor’. For example, to estimate emissions from the energy sector (typically contributing over 90% of emissions and 75% of all GHG emissions in developed countries) the quantity of fuels combusted is combined with an emission factor - the level of sophistication increasing with the accuracy and complexity of the emission factor. Table 2 outlines how the UK implements these guidelines to estimate some of its emissions-producing activities.
Consumption-based accounting
Consumption-based emissions accounting has an equally established methodology using Input-Output Tables. These "display the interconnection between different sectors of production and allow for a tracing of the production and consumption in an economy" and were originally created for national economies. However, as production has become increasingly international and the import/export market between nations has flourished, Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) models have been developed. The unique feature of MRIO is allowing a product to be traced across its production cycle, "quantifying the contributions to the value of the product from different economic sectors in various countries represented in the model. It hence offers a description of the global supply chains of products consumed". From this, assuming regional- and industry-specific data for CO2 emissions per unit of output are available, the total amount of emissions for the product can be calculated, and therefore the amount of emissions the final consumer is allocated responsibility for.
The two methodologies of emissions accounting begin to expose their key differences. Production-based accounting is transparently consistent with GDP, whereas consumption-based accounting (more complex and uncertain) is consistent with national consumption and trade. However, the most important difference is that the latter covers global emissions - including those ‘embodied’ emissions that are omitted in production-based accounting - and offers globally based mitigation options. Thus the attribution of emissions embodied in international trade is the crux of the matter.
Emissions embodied in international trade
Figure 1 and Table 3 show extent of emissions embodied in international trade and thus their importance when attempting emissions reductions. Figure 1 shows the international trade flows of the top 10 countries with largest trade fluxes in 2004 and illustrates the dominance of trade from developing countries (principally China, Russia and India) to developed countries (principally USA, EU and Japan). Table 3 supports this showing that the traded emissions in 2008 total 7.8 gigatonnes (Gt) with a net CO2 emissions trade from developing to developed countries of 1.6 Gt.
Table 3 also shows how these processes of production, consumption and trade have changed from 1990 (commonly chosen for baseline levels) to 2008. Global emissions have risen 39%, but in the same period developed countries seem to have stabilized their domestic emissions, whereas developing countries’ domestic emissions have doubled. This ‘stabilization’ is arguably misleading, however, if the increased trade from developing to developed countries is considered. This has increased from 0.4 Gt CO2 to 1.6 Gt CO2 - a 17%/year average growth meaning 16 Gt CO2 have been traded from developing to developed countries between 1990 and 2008. Assuming a proportion of the increased production in developing countries is to fulfil the consumption demands of developed countries, the process known as carbon leakage becomes evident. Thus, including international trade (i.e. the methodology of consumption-based accounting) reverses the apparent decreasing trend in emissions in developed countries, changing a 2% decrease (as calculated by production-based accounting) into a 7% increase across the time period. This point is only further emphasized when these trends are studied at a less aggregated scale.
Figure 2 shows the percentage surplus of emissions as calculated by production-based accounting over consumption-based accounting. In general, production-based accounting proposes lower emissions for the EU and OECD countries (developed countries) and higher emissions for BRIC and RoW (developing countries). However, consumption-based accounting proposes the reverse with lower emissions in BRIC and RoW, and higher emissions in EU and OECD countries. This led Boitier to term EU and OECD ‘CO2 consumers’ and BRIC and RoW ‘CO2 producers’.
The large difference in these results is corroborated by further analysis. The EU-27 in 1994 counted emissions using the consumption-based approach at 11% higher than those counted using the production-based approach, this difference rising to 24% in 2008. Similarly OECD countries reached a peak variance of 16% in 2006 whilst dropping to 14% in 2008. In contrast, although RoW starts and ends relatively equal, in the intervening years it is a clear CO2 producer, as are BRIC with an average consumption-based emissions deficit of 18.5% compared to production-based emissions.
Peters and Hertwich completed a MRIO study to calculate emissions embodied in international trade using data from the 2001 Global Trade Analysis Program (GTAP). After manipulation, although their numbers are slightly more conservative (EU 14%; OECD 3%; BRIC 16%; RoW 6%) than Boitier the same trend is evident - developed countries are CO2 consumers and developing countries are CO2 producers. This trend is seen across the literature and supporting the use of consumption-based emissions accounting in policy-making decisions.
Advantages and disadvantages of consumption-based accounting
Advantages
Consumption-based emissions accounting may be deemed superior as it incorporates embodied emissions currently ignored by the UNFCCC preferred production-based accounting. Other key advantages include: extending mitigation options, covering more global emissions through increased participation, and inherently encompassing policies such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).
Extending mitigation options
Under the production-based system a country is punished for having a pollution intensive resource base. If this country has pollution intensive exports, such as Norway where 69% of its CO2 emissions are the result of production for export, a simple way to meet its emissions reductions set out under Kyoto would be to reduce its exports. Although this would be environmentally advantageous, it would be economically and politically harmful as exports are an important part of a country's GDP. However, by having appropriate mechanisms in place, such as a harmonized global tax, border-tax adjustment or quotas, a consumption-based accounting system could shift the comparative advantage towards a decision that includes environmental factors. The tax most discussed is based on the carbon content of the fossil fuels used to produce and transport the product, the greater the level of carbon used the more tax being charged. If a country did not voluntarily participate then a border tax could be imposed on them. This system would have the effect of embedding the cost of environmental load in the price of the product and therefore market forces would shift production to where it is economically and environmentally preferable, thus reducing GHG emissions
Increasing participation
In addition to reducing emissions directly this system may also alleviate competitiveness concerns in twofold ways: firstly, domestic and foreign producers are exposed to the same carbon tax; and secondly, if multiple countries are competing for the same export market they can promote environmental performance as a marketing tool. A loss of competitiveness resulting from the absence of legally binding commitments for non-Annex B countries was the principal reason the US and Australia, two heavily emitting countries, did not originally ratify the Kyoto protocol (Australia later ratified in 2007). By alleviating such concerns more countries may participate in future climate policies resulting in a greater percentage of global emissions being covered by legally binding reduction policies. Furthermore, as developed countries are currently expected to reduce their emissions more than developing countries, the more emissions are (fairly) attributed to developed countries the more they become covered by legally bound reduction policies. Peters argues that this last prediction means that consumption-based accounting would advantageously result in greater emissions reductions irrespective of increased participation.
Encompassing policies such as the CDM
The CDM is a flexible mechanism set up under the Kyoto Protocol with the aim of creating ‘Carbon Credits’ for trade in trading schemes such as the EU ETS. Despite coming under heavy criticism (see Evans, p134-135; and Burniaux et al., p58-65), the theory is that as the marginal cost of environmental abatement is lower in non-Annex B countries a scheme like this will promote technology transfer from Annex B to non-Annex B countries resulting in cheaper emissions reductions. Because under consumption-based emissions accounting a country is responsible for the emissions caused by its imports, it is important for the importing country to encourage good environmental behaviour and promote the cleanest production technologies available in the exporting country. Therefore, unlike the Kyoto Protocol where the CDM was added later, consumption-based emissions accounting inherently promotes clean development in the foreign country because of the way it allocates emissions. One loophole that remains relevant is ‘carbon colonialism’ whereby developed countries do not mitigate the underlying problem but simply continue to increase consumption offsetting this by exploiting the abatement potential of developing countries.
Disadvantages and implementation
Despite its advantages consumption-based emissions accounting is not without its drawbacks. These were highlighted above and in Table 1 and are principally: greater uncertainty, greater complexity requiring more data not always available, and requiring greater international collaboration.
Greater uncertainty and complexity
Uncertainty derives from three main reasons: production-based accounting is much closer to statistical sources and GDP which are more assured; the methodology behind consumption-based accounting requires an extra step over production-based accounting, this step inherently incurring further doubt; and consumption-based accounting includes data from all trading partners of a particular country which will contain different levels of accuracy. The bulk of data required is its second pitfall as in some countries the lack of data means consumption-based accounting is not possible. However, it must be noted levels and accuracy of data will improve as more and better techniques are developed and the scientific community produce more data sets - examples including the recently launched global databases: EORA from the University of Sydney, EXIOPOL and WIOD databases from European consortia, and the Asian IDE-JETRO. In the short term it will be important to attempt to quantify the level of uncertainty more accurately.
Greater international co-operation
The third problem is that consumption-based accounting requires greater international collaboration to deliver effective results. A Government has the authority to implement policies only over emissions it directly generates. In consumption-based accounting emissions from different geo-political territories are allocated to the importing country. Although the importing country can indirectly oppose this by changing its importing habits or by applying a border tax as discussed, only by greater international collaboration, through an international dialogue such as the UNFCCC, can direct and meaningful emissions reductions be enforced.
Sharing emissions responsibility
Thus far it has been implied that one must implement either production-based accounting or consumption-based accounting. However, there are arguments that the answer lies somewhere in the middle i.e. emissions should be shared between the importing and exporting countries. This approach asserts that although it is the final consumer that ultimately initiates the production, the activities that create the product and associated pollution also contribute to the producing country's GDP. This topic is still developing in the literature principally through works by Rodrigues et al., Lenzen et al., Marques et al. as well as through empirical studies by such as Andrew and Forgie. Crucially it proposes that at each stage of the supply chain the emissions are shared by some pre-defined criteria between the different actors involved.
Whilst this approach of sharing emissions responsibility seems advantageous, the controversy arises over what these pre-defined criteria should be. Two of the current front runners are Lenzen et al. who say “the share of responsibility allocated to each agent should be proportional to its value added” and Rodrigues et al. who say it should be based on “the average between an agent's consumption-based responsibility and income-based responsibility” (quoted in Marques et al.). As no criteria set has been adequately developed and further work is needed to produce a finished methodology for a potentially valuable concept.
The future
Measures of regions' GHG emissions are critical to climate policy. It is clear that production-based emissions accounting, the currently favoured method for policy-making, significantly underestimates the level of GHG emitted by excluding emissions embodied in international trade. Implementing consumption-based accounting which includes such emissions, developed countries take a greater share of GHG emissions and consequently the low level of emissions commitments for developing countries are not as important. Not only does consumption-based accounting encompass global emissions, it promotes good environmental behaviour and increases participation by reducing competitiveness.
Despite these advantages the shift from production-based to consumption-based accounting arguably represents a shift from one extreme to another. The third option of sharing responsibility between importing and exporting countries represents a compromise between the two systems. However, as yet no adequately developed methodology exists for this third way, so further study is required before it can be implemented for policy-making decisions.
Today, given its lower uncertainty, established methodology and reporting, consistency between political and environmental boundaries, and widespread implementation, it is hard to see any movement away from the favoured production-based accounting. However, because of its key disadvantage of omitting emissions embodied in international trade, it is clear that consumption-based accounting provides invaluable information and should at least be used as a ‘shadow’ to production-based accounting. With further work into the methodologies of consumption-based accounting and sharing emissions responsibility, both can play greater roles in the future of climate policy.
See also
Carbon footprint
Environmental economics
Global warming
Kyoto Protocol
Paris Agreement
Greenhouse gas monitoring
Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) (Ibuki)
Sources
Further reading
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) national greenhouse gas inventory guidance manuals
UNFCCC National Inventory process
The GHG Protocol (WRI/WBCSD) - A corporate accounting and reporting standard
ISO 14064 standards for greenhouse gas accounting and verification
IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme
U.S. EPA Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories <- this link needs updating
The Climate Registry
California Climate Registry
External links
National inventories of GhG emitted in 2019 (received by the UNFCCC in 2021)
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data – Flexible Queries Annex I Parties
Greenhouse gas emissions |
6905370 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta%20Mail | Jakarta Mail | Jakarta Mail (formerly JavaMail) is a Jakarta EE API used to send and receive email via SMTP, POP3 and IMAP. Jakarta Mail is built into the Java EE platform, but also provides an optional package for use in Java SE.
The current version is 1.6.5, released in March 2020. Another open source Jakarta Mail implementation exists - GNU JavaMail - while supporting only version 1.3 of JavaMail specification, it provides the only free NNTP backend, which makes it possible to use this technology to read and send news group articles.
As of 2019, the software is known as Jakarta Mail, and is part of the Jakarta EE brand (formerly known as Java EE).
Licensing
Jakarta Mail is hosted as an open source project on Eclipse.org under its new name Jakarta Mail.
Most of the Jakarta Mail source code is licensed under the following licences:
EPL-2.0
GPL-2.0 with Classpath Exception license
The source code for the demo programs is licensed under the BSD license
Examples
import java.util.*;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import javax.activation.*;
// Send a simple, single part, text/plain e-mail
public class TestEmail {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// SUBSTITUTE YOUR EMAIL ADDRESSES HERE!
String to = "sendToMailAddress";
String from = "sendFromMailAddress";
// SUBSTITUTE YOUR ISP'S MAIL SERVER HERE!
String host = "smtp.yourisp.invalid";
// Create properties, get Session
Properties props = new Properties();
// If using static Transport.send(),
// need to specify which host to send it to
props.put("mail.smtp.host", host);
// To see what is going on behind the scene
props.put("mail.debug", "true");
Session session = Session.getInstance(props);
try {
// Instantiate a message
Message msg = new MimeMessage(session);
//Set message attributes
msg.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
InternetAddress[] address = {new InternetAddress(to)};
msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, address);
msg.setSubject("Test E-Mail through Java");
msg.setSentDate(new Date());
// Set message content
msg.setText("This is a test of sending a " +
"plain text e-mail through Java.\n" +
"Here is line 2.");
//Send the message
Transport.send(msg);
}
catch (MessagingException mex) {
// Prints all nested (chained) exceptions as well
mex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}//End of class
Sample Code to Send Multipart E-Mail, HTML E-Mail and File Attachments
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import javax.activation.*;
public class SendMailUsage {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// SUBSTITUTE YOUR EMAIL ADDRESSES HERE!!!
String to = "sendToMailAddress";
String from = "sendFromMailAddress";
// SUBSTITUTE YOUR ISP'S MAIL SERVER HERE!!!
String host = "smtpserver.yourisp.invalid";
// Create properties for the Session
Properties props = new Properties();
// If using static Transport.send(),
// need to specify the mail server here
props.put("mail.smtp.host", host);
// To see what is going on behind the scene
props.put("mail.debug", "true");
// Get a session
Session session = Session.getInstance(props);
try {
// Get a Transport object to send e-mail
Transport bus = session.getTransport("smtp");
// Connect only once here
// Transport.send() disconnects after each send
// Usually, no username and password is required for SMTP
bus.connect();
//bus.connect("smtpserver.yourisp.net", "username", "password");
// Instantiate a message
Message msg = new MimeMessage(session);
// Set message attributes
msg.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
InternetAddress[] address = {new InternetAddress(to)};
msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, address);
// Parse a comma-separated list of email addresses. Be strict.
msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.CC,
InternetAddress.parse(to, true));
// Parse comma/space-separated list. Cut some slack.
msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.BCC,
InternetAddress.parse(to, false));
msg.setSubject("Test E-Mail through Java");
msg.setSentDate(new Date());
// Set message content and send
setTextContent(msg);
msg.saveChanges();
bus.sendMessage(msg, address);
setMultipartContent(msg);
msg.saveChanges();
bus.sendMessage(msg, address);
setFileAsAttachment(msg, "C:/WINDOWS/CLOUD.GIF");
msg.saveChanges();
bus.sendMessage(msg, address);
setHTMLContent(msg);
msg.saveChanges();
bus.sendMessage(msg, address);
bus.close();
}
catch (MessagingException mex) {
// Prints all nested (chained) exceptions as well
mex.printStackTrace();
// How to access nested exceptions
while (mex.getNextException() != null) {
// Get next exception in chain
Exception ex = mex.getNextException();
ex.printStackTrace();
if (!(ex instanceof MessagingException)) break;
else mex = (MessagingException)ex;
}
}
}
// A simple, single-part text/plain e-mail.
public static void setTextContent(Message msg) throws MessagingException {
// Set message content
String mytxt = "This is a test of sending a " +
"plain text e-mail through Java.\n" +
"Here is line 2.";
msg.setText(mytxt);
// Alternate form
msg.setContent(mytxt, "text/plain");
}
// A simple multipart/mixed e-mail. Both body parts are text/plain.
public static void setMultipartContent(Message msg) throws MessagingException {
// Create and fill first part
MimeBodyPart p1 = new MimeBodyPart();
p1.setText("This is part one of a test multipart e-mail.");
// Create and fill second part
MimeBodyPart p2 = new MimeBodyPart();
// Here is how to set a charset on textual content
p2.setText("This is the second part", "us-ascii");
// Create the Multipart. Add BodyParts to it.
Multipart mp = new MimeMultipart();
mp.addBodyPart(p1);
mp.addBodyPart(p2);
// Set Multipart as the message's content
msg.setContent(mp);
}
// Set a file as an attachment. Uses JAF FileDataSource.
public static void setFileAsAttachment(Message msg, String filename)
throws MessagingException {
// Create and fill first part
MimeBodyPart p1 = new MimeBodyPart();
p1.setText("This is part one of a test multipart e-mail." +
"The second part is file as an attachment");
// Create second part
MimeBodyPart p2 = new MimeBodyPart();
// Put a file in the second part
FileDataSource fds = new FileDataSource(filename);
p2.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(fds));
p2.setFileName(fds.getName());
// Create the Multipart. Add BodyParts to it.
Multipart mp = new MimeMultipart();
mp.addBodyPart(p1);
mp.addBodyPart(p2);
// Set Multipart as the message's content
msg.setContent(mp);
}
// Set a single part HTML content.
// Sending data of any type is similar.
public static void setHTMLContent(Message msg) throws MessagingException {
String html = "<html><head><title>" +
msg.getSubject() +
"</title></head><body><h1>" +
msg.getSubject() +
"</h1><p>This is a test of sending an HTML e-mail" +
" through Java.</body></html>";
// HTMLDataSource is a static nested class
msg.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(new HTMLDataSource(html)));
}
/*
* Static nested class to act as a JAF datasource to send HTML e-mail content
*/
static class HTMLDataSource implements DataSource {
private String html;
public HTMLDataSource(String htmlString) {
html = htmlString;
}
// Return html string in an InputStream.
// A new stream must be returned each time.
public InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {
if (html == null) throw new IOException("Null HTML");
return new ByteArrayInputStream(html.getBytes());
}
public OutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException {
throw new IOException("This DataHandler cannot write HTML");
}
public String getContentType() {
return "text/html";
}
public String getName() {
return "JAF text/html dataSource to send e-mail only";
}
}
} //End of class
References
External links
Jakarta Mail EE4J project page
FAQ
GNU JavaMail
Email
Java platform
Java enterprise platform |
23577319 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jooriland%20River | Jooriland River | The Jooriland River, a perennial river that is part of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Central Tablelands and Macarthur regions of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The Jooriland River rises in Bindook Highlands on the eastern slopes of the Great Dividing Range below Mount Egan west of the Yerranderie State Conservation Area, and flows in a meandering course generally east, joined by one minor tributary, before reaching its confluence with the Wollondilly River west of the Nattai Tableland upstream of Lake Burragorang. The river descends over its course.
In its lower reaches, the river adjoins the Nattai National Park, part of the Greater Blue Mountains Area World Heritage Site.
See also
List of rivers of Australia
List of rivers of New South Wales (A-K)
Rivers of New South Wales
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Central Tablelands |
6905371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacquin | Jacquin | Jacquin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Abel Jacquin (1893–1968), French film actor
Alfonso Jacquin (1953–1985), Colombian guerilla fighter
François Xavier Joseph Jacquin (1756–1826), Flemish painter
Joseph Franz von Jacquin (1766–1839), Austrian scientist, son of Nikolaus
Lisa Ann Jacquin (born 1962), American equestrian
Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin (1727–1817), scientist, particularly in botany
Philippe Jacquin (1942–2002), French anthropologist
See also
Jacquin Jansen (born 1986), South African rugby union player |
6905398 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprarenal%20plexus | Suprarenal plexus | The suprarenal plexus is formed by branches from the celiac plexus, from the celiac ganglion, and from the phrenic and greater splanchnic nerves, a ganglion being formed at the point of junction with the latter nerve.
The plexus supplies the suprarenal gland, being distributed chiefly to its medullary portion; its branches are remarkable for their large size in comparison with that of the organ they supply.
References
External links
Nerve plexus
Nerves of the torso
Adrenal gland |
44503005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth%20Radu | Kenneth Radu | Kenneth Radu is a Canadian writer. He was a shortlisted nominee for the Governor General's Award for English-language fiction at the 1988 Governor General's Awards for his short story collection The Cost of Living.
Originally from Windsor, Ontario, he resided in Quebec as an adult, where he taught at John Abbott College in Montreal.
He was a shortlisted nominee for the Books in Canada First Novel Award in 1989 for Distant Relations, and has won the Hugh Maclennan Prize for Fiction in 1989 for Distant Relations and in 1991 for A Private Performance.
He has also served as co-editor of Matrix, a literary magazine devoted to English-language writing in Montreal. He wrote the afterword for the New Canadian Library edition of Yves Beauchemin's novel The Alley Cat.
Works
Novels
Distant Relations (1989)
Home Fires (1992)
Strange and Familiar Places (1999)
Flesh and Blood (2001)
Purest of Human Pleasures (2004)
Short stories
The Cost of Living (1987)
A Private Performance (1990)
Snow Over Judaea (1994)
Sex in Russia (2010)
net worth (2018)
Poetry
Letter to a Distant Father (1987)
Treading Water (1992)
Romanian Suite (1996)
Memoir
The Devil Is Clever: A Memoir of My Romanian Mother (2004)
References
Living people
Canadian male short story writers
Canadian male novelists
20th-century Canadian poets
Canadian male poets
20th-century Canadian novelists
21st-century Canadian novelists
Writers from Windsor, Ontario
Writers from Montreal
Canadian memoirists
Anglophone Quebec people
Canadian people of Romanian descent
20th-century Canadian short story writers
21st-century Canadian short story writers
20th-century Canadian male writers
1945 births
21st-century Canadian male writers
Canadian male non-fiction writers |
23577323 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichopilia%20fragrans | Trichopilia fragrans | Trichopilia fragrans is a species of orchid found from Caribbean to southern tropical America.
External links
Photos
fragrans |
23577327 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994%E2%80%9395%20Libyan%20Premier%20League | 1994–95 Libyan Premier League | Statistics of Libyan Premier League for the 1994–95 season.
Overview
Al-Ahly (Tripoli) won the championship.
References
Libya - List of final tables (RSSSF)
Libyan Premier League seasons
1
Libya |
6905405 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative%20districts%20of%20Pasig | Legislative districts of Pasig | The legislative districts of Pasig are the representations of the highly urbanized city of Pasig in the Congress of the Philippines. The city is currently represented in the lower house of the Congress through its lone congressional district.
History
From 1907 to 1972, it was represented as part of the first district of Rizal, and was part of the representation of Region IV in the Interim Batasang Pambansa from 1978 to 1984. Pasig was grouped with Marikina in the Regular Batasang Pambansa from 1984 to 1986, as the Legislative district of Pasig–Marikina. It was granted its own representation in the restored House of Representatives in 1987.
Lone District
Population (2015): 755,300
Notes
See also
Legislative districts of Rizal
Legislative district of Pasig–Marikina
References
Pasig
Pasig
Politics of Pasig |
44503010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion%20in%20Samoa | Abortion in Samoa | Abortion in Samoa is only legal if the abortion will save the mother's life or preserve her physical or mental health and only when the gestation period is less than 20 weeks. In Samoa, if an abortion is performed on a woman for any other reason, or if a woman performs a self-induced abortion, the violator is subject to seven years in prison.
History
Samoan abortion law was defined in the Crimes Ordinance 1961 and amended by the Crimes Amendment Act of 1969.
Crimes Ordinance 1961
The Crimes Ordinance 1961 implicitly defined abortion as an action which caused the death of an unborn child and was not taken in good faith for preservation of the life of the mother. This carried a prison term of up to fourteen years if the action was deemed to be murder, or five years if the action was deemed to be manslaughter.
Crimes Amendment Act of 1969
Crimes Amendment Act of 1969 inserted §§ 73A–73D into Crimes Ordinance 1961, explicitly defining abortion and stating that a violator of the following is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding seven years.
Procuring abortion (§§73A)
Female procuring her own miscarriage (§§73B)
Supplying means of procuring abortion (§§73C)
Effectiveness of means used immaterial (§§73D)
Crimes Act 2013
Crimes Ordinance 1961 was replaced by the Crimes Act 2013, stating that the following are illegal and the violator is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding seven years:
Procuring abortion by any means (§112)
Female procuring her own miscarriage (§113)
Supplying means of procuring abortion (§114)
Effectiveness of means used immaterial (§115)
Unless:
Current Events
National HIV, AIDS, and STI Policy 2017–2022
In 2017, the Samoan Ministry of Health produced a document entitled National HIV, AIDS, and STI Policy 2017–2022 containing an analysis of abortion law in the Crimes Act 2013. This argues that the term "serious danger to [...] mental health" would potentially apply to suicide risk, rape, incest, and childhood pregnancy. This analysis clashes with the WHO Abortion Policies Database on the subject.
The document called for the law the be amended to address abortion for HIV positive women as well as "a legal analysis to assess the law, the interpretation, the inconsistency of case law, and ultimate population access to quality services".
Prime Minister Tuilaepa Lupesoliai Sailele Malielegaoi opposed these recommendations stating
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
In 2018, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) recommended that the state party should amend the Crimes Act.
See also
Abortion law
Abortion debate
Religion and abortion
Societal attitudes towards abortion
References
Further reading
Health in Samoa
Samoa
Samoa |
23577328 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedumba%20River | Kedumba River | The Kedumba River, a perennial river that is part of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Blue Mountains and Macarthur regions of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The Kedumba Creek rises on the eastern side of Walford Park, Katoomba and flows generally south over the Katoomba Cascades, Katoomba Falls, and off the Blue Mountains Range, becoming the Kedumba River below the Three Sisters flowing through the Jamison and Kedumba valleys within the Blue Mountains National Park, before reaching its confluence with the Coxs River within Lake Burragorang. The river descends over its course.
See also
Gandangara people
List of rivers of Australia
List of rivers of New South Wales (A-K)
Rivers of New South Wales
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Rivers of the Blue Mountains (New South Wales) |
44503023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1919%20in%20Australian%20literature | 1919 in Australian literature | This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1919.
Books
Randolph Bedford — Aladdin and the Boss Cockie
Erle Cox — Out of the Silence
Edward Dyson — The Escapades of Ann
Mary Gaunt — A Wind from the Wilderness
Jack McLaren
Red Mountain
The Skipper of the Roaring Meg
The White Witch
Harrison Owen — The Mount Marunga Mystery
Arthur J. Rees — The Shrieking Pit
Steele Rudd — We Kaytons
Ethel Turner — Brigid and the Cub
Poetry
E. J. Brady — House of the Winds
John Le Gay Brereton — The Burning Marl
C. J. Dennis — Jim of the Hills
Edward Dyson — Hello, Soldier!: Khaki Verse
Will Dyson — "Death is but Death"
John Shaw Neilson — Heart of Spring
Vance Palmer
"The Dandenongs"
"Homecoming"
A. B. Paterson — "Boots"
Short stories
Basil Garstang — "Robson"
Sumner Locke — "The Tyranny of Love"
Dowell O'Reilly — "Twilight"
Births
A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1919 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.
6 January — Geoffrey C. Bingham, theological and short story writer (died 2009)
9 May — Nene Gare, novelist (died 1994)
28 May — Olga Masters, novelist (died 1986)
17 December — Charlotte Jay, suspense novelist (died 1996)
Deaths
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1919 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.
17 January — E. S. Emerson, poet (born 1870)
12 March — Ruby Lindsay, artist and writer (born 1885)
10 September — J. F. Archibald, editor (born 1856)
See also
1919 in poetry
List of years in literature
List of years in Australian literature
1919 in literature
1918 in Australian literature
1919 in Australia
1920 in Australian literature
References
Literature
Australian literature by year
20th-century Australian literature |
23577329 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerripit%20River | Kerripit River | Kerripit River, a perennial river of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Upper Hunter district of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Kerripit River rises below Careys Peak in the Barrington Tops within the Great Dividing Range, in the Barrington Tops National Park, and flows generally northeast before reaching its confluence with the Barrington River, north northwest of the village of Berrico. The river descends over its course.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers in New South Wales (A-K)
List of rivers of Australia
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Rivers of the Hunter Region
Mid-Coast Council |
23577332 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995%E2%80%9396%20Libyan%20Premier%20League | 1995–96 Libyan Premier League | Following are the statistics of the Libyan Premier League for the 1995–96 season. The Libyan Premier League () is the highest division of Libyan football championship, organised by Libyan Football Federation. It was founded in 1963 and features mostly professional players.
Overview
Al Shat Tripoli won the championship.
References
Libya - List of final tables (RSSSF)
Libyan Premier League seasons
1
Libya |
17337799 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport%20in%20Catalonia | Sport in Catalonia | Sport has an important incidence in Catalan life since the beginning of the 20th century. The main sports in Catalonia are football, basketball, handball, rink hockey, tennis, and motorsport.
One of the main sport events held ever in Catalonia were the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.
Structure
Most of the Catalan Sports Federations have a lot of tradition and some of them participated in the foundation of International Sports Federations, as the Catalan Federation of Rugby, that was one of the founder members of the Fédération Internationale de Rugby Amateur (FIRA) in 1934.
Catalonia has officially recognised national teams in some sports competing in world and European championships as Catalonia, but in most sports Catalan sportspeople compete within Spanish national teams.
The best Catalan teams use to participate in European competitions.
Main sports
Football
Football is considered the most important sport in Catalonia and was introduced in the late 19th century by a combination of British immigrant workers, visiting sailors and students returning from Britain.
Catalonia also began to produce a number of football clubs including Palamós Foot-Ball Club founded in 1898 and Català SC and Foot-Ball Club Barcelona, both founded in 1899.
Soon there were enough clubs to organize a league and in December 1900, Alfons Macaya, the president of Hispania AC, offered a trophy, La Copa Macaya, that eventually evolved into the Catalonia championships that were played until 1940, when they were disbanded during Franco's dictatorship.
Today, football in Catalonia is organized by the Catalonia Football Federation, founded in 1903, and teams from Catalonia compete in La Liga, the Copa del Rey, the Copa Catalunya and several European competitions as the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League.
The biggest clubs are FC Barcelona, which has won 5 European Champions leagues, 4 UEFA Cup Winners' Cups, and RCD Espanyol, which has been twice runner-up of the UEFA Cup. Both play in La Liga.
The Catalonia national team's first match was in 1912 in Paris, against France. In the recent years they have played with Argentina, Brazil, Basque Country and Colombia.
Basketball
Basketball was played for the first time in Catalonia in 1913, in the school Vallparadís of Terrassa, encouraged by Alexandre Galí and Artur Martorell. After the First World War the Frenchman Emile Tiberghien incorporated the basketball in his gym in Barcelona. Despite these early experiences, it is commonly accepted that basketball was introduced in Catalonia in 1922 by Father Eusebi Millan when organized the first team in the School "Escoles Pies de St. Anton" in Barcelona.
That year, 1922, was born the first club in Catalonia, the Basketball-Ball Laietà Club (now Club Esportiu Laietà). In those days, basketball was developed mainly through the educational centers and associations of popular and Catholic character. The first game is played in the field of CE Europa on 8 December 1922, with a final scoreboard: Europa 8-Laietà 2.
On 15 April 1923 began the first Catalan Basketball Championship that was played until 1957 (except the period of the Civil War). It was undoubtedly the most important competition held in Catalonia before the birth of the Spanish league.
Since 1980 the Catalan Basketball Federation organizes a new Catalan basketball league, played by the best Catalan teams of the ACB league.
FC Barcelona Bàsquet (2 Euroleagues) and Joventut Badalona (1 Euroleague) are the most successful Catalan basketball teams.
Some Catalan players are or have been playing in the NBA, as Pau Gasol, Raúl López, Juan Carlos Navarro, Marc Gasol and Ricky Rubio.
Handball
In 1941 were played the first handball matches in Catalonia and one year later was founded a Handball Federation in Catalonia. Then handball was developed over Catalonia, increasing the number of teams every year, being 80 clubs in 1958. Barcelona held the first European Clubs Cup in 1958, a competition ideated by the French Federation.
For the decades of 40's and 50's some handball competitions were held with 11 players, like the Catalonia Championships.
But finally the 7 players game was the one that continued.
During the 80's and 90's decades the Catalan Federation organized the Catalan league, played by the best Catalan clubs. In 1997 was replaced by the Pirenees league adding teams from the south of France and the coorganization of the Ligue Languedoc Roussillon. FC Barcelona is the team that has won more times both competitions.
FC Barcelona is one of the best clubs of Europe, with 8 EHF Champions Leagues, 5 EHF Cup Winners' Cups, 18 Liga ASOBAL, 12 Catalan Leagues, 12 Pirenees leagues, and several more cups. BM Granollers is the other historical Catalan handball club that plays in the Liga ASOBAL.
Enric Masip is one of the best Catalan players ever, with 6 EHF Champions Leagues, 2 EHF Cup Winners' Cups and 7 ASOBAL leagues.
Rink hockey
The first rink hockey match played in Catalonia was in 1915 with the Indian Hoquei Club and the Sport Hoquei Club, but it were only the preliminaries. In 1925 some matches were played regularly and in 1928 was founded the Catalan Federation. The first Catalonia's Championship was played in 1930 and began a full developing for the sport around Catalonia.
The most successful teams are FC Barcelona, with 19 European League Championships, Reus Deportiu with 7 and Igualada HC with 6. They play in the OK Liga.
In the 1992 Summer Olympics, held in Barcelona, Roller hockey was one of three demonstration sports included in the official Olympic programme. This sport's widespread popularity and the existence of top-level competitive teams in Catalonia (such as FC Barcelona and Reus Deportiu) prompted the Organizing Committee to suggest its inclusion in the Olympic programme.
In 2004 the Federació Catalana de Patinatge was admitted by the International Roller Sports Federation (FIRS) as a provisional member, and as such it took part in the 2004 Rink Hockey World Championship B in Macau. Catalonia national team won all its matches and was crowned as 2004 B's World Champions and gained the right to be in the 2005 Rink Hockey World Championship. But in the following FIRS congress, in Fresno, the official recognition was revoked because of the opposition of the Spanish federation, in an assembly full of irregularities as the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) ruled. in the case known as the Fresno Case. A new assembly was thus held in Rome, as the CAS verdict had decided, and Catalonia's application was rejected again. Because of this decision, Catalonia could not participate in the 2005 World Championship, that finally was won by Spain, with a team composed by all the players from Catalonia.
Since 2004, Catalonia national teams have competed in the Blanes Golden Cup with other national teams, winning the trophy six times by the men's team and three times by the ladies team.
In 2006 the Catalan roller skating Federation was admitted to the South American Rink Hockey Confederation and nowadays plays in the South American Championships. In 2010, the Catalonia men's team won the Copa América, and in 2011 the women's national team won also the competition.
Motorsport
Motorsport has a long tradition in Catalonia involving many people, with some world champions and several competitions organized since the beginning of the 20th century. The Circuit de Catalunya, built in 1991, is one of the main motorsport venues, holding the Catalan motorcycle Grand Prix, the Spanish F1 Grand Prix, a DTM race, and several other races. Also of note is the Montjuïc street circuit which regularly hosted the Spanish F1 and motorcycle Grands Prix up to the 1970s.
Motorcycling is one of the historical sports, with motorcycle road racing world champions as Àlex Crivillé, Sito Pons, Emilio Alzamora and Dani Pedrosa. In addition Sete Gibernau was one of the top Grand Prix riders in the first half of the 2000s. Also there are many Catalan Motorcycle manufacturers as Derbi, Bultaco, Gas Gas, Montesa and OSSA.
Motorcycle trials is also a sport practiced by many Catalans, as the world champions Jordi Tarrés (7 times), Adam Raga (6 times), Toni Bou (10 times) and Laia Sanz (11 times), and many competitions are organized around the country.
Rallies have several Catalan motorcycle champions as Nani Roma (1 Dakar Rally), Marc Coma (
3 Rally Dakar and 3 times rallies cross country world champion), Jordi Arcarons (4 times runner-up in the Dakar Rally) and recently Laia Sanz (First Female Category Dakar Rally 2011).
In car rallies, the Rally Catalunya is one of the races of the World Rally Championship since 1991. The first edition of Rally Catalunya was in 1957.
Tennis
Tennis began to be practiced in Catalonia in the late 19th century, in cities such as Barcelona or Reus, by some British people established in Catalonia and members of the Catalan bourgeoisie.
In 1904 was founded the Lawn Tennis Association of Barcelona, who joined as a full member in the Lawn Tennis Association (the international federation in those days). Later, in 1913, it was transformed into Lawn Tennis Association of Catalonia. In 1917 was played the first Catalan Tennis Championship. In all these tournaments, the Barcelona LT was an important organizer.
In 1923 was played the first Indoor World Championship in Barcelona.
Some Catalan players have won Roland Garros: Sergi Bruguera (1993, 1994), Albert Costa (2002) and Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (1989, 1994, 1998); US Open: Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (1994), and the Masters Cup: Àlex Corretja (1998). And also some medals have been won by Catalan tennis players in the Olympic Games: Jordi Arrese, silver in 1992, Sergi Bruguera, silver in 1996, Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, silver in 1996 and silver in 1992 in doubles.
The main tournament is Torneo Godó, held in Barcelona on clay surface.
Sports with officially recognized Catalonia national team
Korfball
Korfball has been played in Catalonia since 1982, and is managed by the Catalan Korfball Federation (FCK).
In 1997 the International Korfball Federation admitted the Catalan Federation of Korfball as a provisional member, and in 2005 it was granted full membership.
Catalonia's national team has played 4 World Championships, reaching the 4th place in 2011, 3 European Championships -with a 5th place in 2010 and a 6th place in 2006- and has won the 2005 Korfball European Bowl.
The Catalan competition is divided into a "First division" and 2 "Second divisions" with a number of teams such as C.K. Vacarisses, C.E. Vilanova i la Geltrú, C.K. Assessoria Vallparadís, C.K. Cerdanyola, C.K. Badalona – La Rotllana, Sant Llorenç K.C., Unió Korfbalera Sant Adrià de Besòs, K.C. Barcelona, C.K. Castellbisbal, K.E.C.A., Korfball Valldemia and A.A.E.I.E.S. Secretari Coloma de Barcelona.
Club Korfball Vallparadís has won 2 Europa Shields, in 2009 and 2011.
Pitch and putt
Pitch and putt is played in Catalonia since the "1980's" when Martin Withelaw build a course in Solius (Santa Cristina d'Aro, Girona). The interest on Pitch and putt has been growing since then, with more than 14,000 players in 2008 associated to Catalan Federation of Pitch and Putt (FCPP), and more than 30 courses.
In 1999 the "Associació Catalana de Pitch and putt" was one of the founders of the European Pitch and Putt Association, the governing body that develops pitch and putt in Europe and stages a biennial European Team Championships, which Catalonia won in 2010 and has reached the second place three times.
In 2006 the "Federació Catalana de Pitch and putt" participated in the creation of the Federation of International Pitch and Putt Associations (FIPPA), that stages a World Cup, that Catalonia has won twice (2004 and 2006)
Futsal
Futsal in Catalonia is managed by Catalonia Futsal Federation (FCFS) (Federació Catalana de Futbol Sala), affiliated to European Union of Futsal in 2004 and recognised by the World Futsal association (AMF) in 2006. And it's also managed by Catalonia Football Federation (FCF) for the teams that play the FIFA game.
Catalonia national futsal teams represent Catalonia in AMF World Cups and UEFS Futsal Championships.
Catalonia men's national team has played five times the UEFS European Championships, reaching the second place in 2006, and twice in AMF Futsal World Cup, in 2007 and 2011. Also played in the 2007 AMF World Tournament in Yakutia, with the sixth place.
Catalonia women's national team were the Champions in the first Women's World Championship, held in Reus in 2008. In the European Championships 2004 were the runners-up.
Bowling
The Catalan Bowling Federation was admitted by the International Federation of Bowling in 2007.
In ten-pin bowling they have played in the World and European Championships, the AMF World Cup and the Mediterranean Challenge Cup.
In nine-pin bowling, Catalonia national team played in the 2011 World Championship in Sarajevo.
Catalan skittles () are also an ancient Catalan game, early documented in years 1376 and 1402, that consists in knocking down exactly five of the six skittles.
Rugby league
Rugby league in Catalonia is managed by the Catalan Association of Rugby League, member of the Rugby League European Federation (RLEF) since August 2008.
The Perpignan-based club Catalans Dragons, that has played in the otherwise the Super League is helping to the development of rugby league in southern Catalonia.
The first competition took part in 2008, with 3 teams. In 2009 the first Catalonia Championship was played, with 9 teams.
Catalonia national team played their first competition in 2009, the RLEF Euro Med Challenge, with Morocco and Belgium. as opponents. Before this, they had played two test matches with Czech Republic and Morocco. In 2010 they played with Czech Republic in Prague.
Australian rules football
Australian rules football has been played in Catalonia since 2000 and is organized by the Catalan Australian Football League (LFAC). Catalonia is member of the Aussie Rules International and Aussie Rules Europe, and has played 4 European Cups (2005, 2007, 2008 and 2010).
The LFAC was officially created in 2005 and the first teams joining were Belfry Valls, Cornellà Bocs, Valls Fire and Alt Camp.
In 2009 the Catalan league is played by teams of several territories that speak Catalan language: Belfry Valls, Cornellà Bocs (southern Catalonia), Andorra Crows (Andorra), and Perpinyà (Northern Catalonia).
Touch rugby
Catalonia was admitted by the Federation of International Touch in 2009. They played the 2011 Touch Football World Cup in Scotland.
Darts
The Catalan Darts Federation was recognised by World Darts Federation in September 2011, playing the 2011 World Cup in Ireland.
Quidditch
The Associació de Quidditch de Catalunya was officially recognized as an independent NGB by the International Quidditch Association in 2015. Their first appearance was in the 2015 IQA European Games held in Sarteano, Italy. They reached seventh place out of twelve teams, beating Team Spain 160*–70.
Other sports
Cycling
In the same way as much of the rest of Europe, cycling was one of the first sports to gain popularity in Catalonia, since the 1880s. The first cycling body was the Club Velocipèdic of Barcelona (1884) followed by the Sport Ciclista Català. In 1893 the Bonanova velodrome was built with a length of 400 meters, considered one of the best in Europe at the time. In 1895 the Reus velodrome and in 1896 the Lleida velodrome were constructed.
In 1897 the Catalan Cycling Union was founded, which governed cycling in Catalonia.
In 1911 the first edition of Volta a Catalunya was held, making it the third oldest cycling stage race in the world, behind only the Tour de France (1903) and the Giro d'Italia (1909).
Other important races in Catalonia are the Setmana Catalana de Ciclisme (1963) and Escalada a Montjuïc (1965).
The main velodrome in Catalonia is the Velòdrom d'Horta.
Rugby union
Rugby union was introduced in Southern Catalonia in 1921, when Baldiri Aleu i Torres founded the Unió Esportiva Santboiana. In 1922 the Catalan Rugby Federation was founded, which was one of the founding members of the Paris-based FIRA – Association of European Rugby, from which it was expelled at the behest of Franco's fascist regime. It has still to be readmitted.
In Southern Catalonia UE Santboiana, who have won the Spanish championship seven times, and FC Barcelona, are the best Catalan rugby union teams that compete in the División de Honor.
In Northern Catalonia, USA Perpignan are the best-known Catalan club. They compete in the French Top 14 and also in European competitions.
Water sports
Swimming was introduced in Catalonia by Bernat Picornell, founder of Club Natació Barcelona in 1907. In 1908 this club organized the first Copa Nadal swimming race in the Barcelona Harbour and the first water polo match. Main waterpolo clubs are CN Barcelona (1 Euroleague), CN Catalunya (1 Euroleague), CNA Barceloneta and CN Sabadell (1 LEN Women's Champions' Cup).
In synchronized swimming, Gemma Mengual is the best swimmer, and the best club is CN Kallipolis.
Field hockey
In 1907, alumni of the Ateneu Calasanç in Terrassa began playing field hockey, a sport that already practiced the English people living in Catalonia, and founded the Lawn Hoquei Club Calassanç in 1911. Terrassa is where traditionally has been practised, with a lot of teams as Egara (2 EuroHockey Club Champions Cup), Atlètic de Terrassa (2 EuroHockey Club Champions Cup, RC Polo (1 EuroHockey Club Champions Cup) and CD Terrassa.
Major sports facilities
Catalonia has several of the best sports facilities in the world:
Notes and references |
17337820 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost%20Online | Ghost Online | Ghost Online also known as Ghost Soul and GO was a free fast-paced action-based sidescrolling, massively multiplayer online game that is currently released in South Korea, Japanese, Chinese, Thailand and Malaysian-English.
On July 8, the Global version went into Open Beta, but was closed down on June 3, 2009. Created by Netgame, which is a division of MGame USA Inc.(Taiwan and China 搞鬼 is a free, 2D computer graphics, side-scrolling MMORPG developed by the Korean company MGame. Several versions of the game are available for specific countries or regions, and each is published by various companies such as GameFlier, Gemscool and OurGame. Although playing the game is free, many player appearances and gameplay enhancements can be purchased from the GhostShop using real currency.
In the game, players defend the "World" from ghost monsters and develop their character's skills and abilities, as in typical role-playing games. There is a soul system that allows players absorb souls from monsters. Players can interact with others in many ways, such as through chatting, trading. Groups of players can band together in parties to hunt monsters, and share the rewards. Players can fight each other with the game PvP system. Players can also band in a guild to battle with other guilds. Ghost Online also many quests, some of which allow the player to obtain new skills.
Story
Lord Tai He and his apprentices rid the world of Demons, but Tai He himself had used forbidden magic that corrupted his soul. So he had to go to the western lands, to find the sacred herb to cleanse it. The player is Tai He for a short time, learning the basics in Batu Caves. After defeating a clone, Tai He eats the herb, dies and is reborn as your character.
Gameplay
There are six character classes in the game. The main source of gold (in-game currency) and experience points are the monsters in the game. They are found in most fields outside of the cities and towns, and portals leading to maps with monsters (usually from a town) are colored red.
Shutdown
As of June 3, 2009, the game was shut down (USA version), with two other games, which are The Legend of Ares and Holic online, by Mgame USA. The reason for termination was that the three games were not producing enough revenue. Ghost Online Malaysia was shut down on 31 August 2009.
The Vietnam version also shut down on January 31, 2009.
The game was re-released in June 2012, under the name Soul Saver Online with a few minor changes.
Recently, the Thailand version also shut down on March 11, 2014.
Official game websites
Official Korean Site
Official North American Site
Official Taiwan Ghost Online Website
2005 video games
Massively multiplayer online role-playing games
Video games developed in South Korea
Windows games
Online games |
44503083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudor%20Wilkinson | Tudor Wilkinson | William Tudor Wilkinson (December 18, 1879 – April 22, 1969), known as Tudor Wilkinson, was an American art collector and amateur art dealer who married "the loveliest showgirl in the world". It was said that he gave Hermann Göring a painting in exchange for his wife's freedom from an internment camp and stored weapons and radio equipment for the French resistance during the Second World War.
Early life
William Tudor Wilkinson was born in St. Louis, Missouri on December 18, 1879. He was the son of the wealthy merchant and banker John Cabell Wilkinson of Missouri (1846–1910) and Margaret D. Ewing (1852-1926). He was one of seven children of the marriage. With no need to work, he lived a life of leisure and fashion and was once described as the Beau Brummel of St. Louis. Wilkinson was a member of the Mercantile Club and the Algonquin Golf Club and known as a horseman, polo player and singer.
In 1905, Wilkinson was convicted of stealing a number of pieces of fishing equipment over several weeks from a St. Louis store. At the time of his arrest at the store he had been planning a fishing trip to Canada and his luggage had already been sent to the railway station. The police went to the station and found four stolen fishing reels in his baggage. According to the St. Louis Republican, Wilkinson told the police that he would not be prosecuted because of his standing in St. Louis. Wilkinson reportedly received a brief prison sentence and a fine. The campaigning political newspaper Appeal to Reason contrasted the light sentence that he received for the theft with the harsh justice meted out to the poor for lesser offenses.
World War I
During the First World War, Wilkinson served in the aviation corps from 1917.
Marriage
In 1923 in Paris, Tudor Wilkinson married the English model Dolores, once described as "the loveliest showgirl in the world". The ceremony took place in the mairie of the first arrondissement and later at the oratory of the Louvre. Mr and Mrs Dudley Field Malone were the witnesses. In 1925, the American press reported that the couple lived on the Île Saint-Louis in a house overlooking Notre-Dame Cathedral, most likely the three storey apartment at 18 Quai d'Orleans referred to in later sources.
Tax debts
In 1924, Wilkinson was charged with failing to file a U.S. tax return for five years. The U.S. Marshal had failed to file a criminal warrant against Wilkinson as he was now resident abroad. The amount that it was claimed Wilkinson owed was put at $85,841. A bank account and a farm of 350 acres near Eureka, Missouri, were attached by the U.S. government in respect of the alleged debt.
World War II
Paris was occupied by the Germans during World War II. Many Allied citizens were interned and Dolores (born in England and married to an American) was detained at the German internment camp at Vittel. The camp was a former hotel and spa and relatively comfortable as internment camps go.
Tudor Wilkinson, as far as is known, was not detained. After the war, the American Office of Strategic Services Art Looting Investigation Unit wrote that he kept a watch on the Paris art market for Sepp Angerer, Hermann Göring's art agent, and that Dolores had been released from Vittel after Göring made a personal visit to the Wilkinsons' apartment. In 1946, Tudor Wilkinson was placed on the OSS "red flag" list of people and organisations that were involved in the art trade under the Nazis, with the caveat that police reports indicated that he was active in the resistance.
In fact, according to the memoirs of Drue Tartière, the Wilkinsons were both heavily involved in the resistance. Tartière had also been in Vittel and had managed to obtain a release on the false grounds that she was dying of cancer. She went on to help in the smuggling out of occupied territory of at least 42 Allied airmen. She wrote that a short wave radio had been concealed at 18 Quai d'Orleans so that the Resistance could communicate with London, and machine guns were hidden behind the fireplace and elsewhere in the apartment. Wilkinson's secretary, who had been a professor at the Sorbonne, was active in organising sabotage by railway workers.
Even after the Americans liberated Paris, the situation in the city remained dangerous in the first few days. Isolated German units and snipers remained active. Dolores' sister Eva was shot in the stomach after standing in front of a window in the Wilkinson's apartment. On the evening of the same day, there was a German bombing raid and the apartment was hit by multiple incendiary bombs that started several fires. The Wilkinsons and Drue Tartière managed to throw the bombs out of the window or smother them in sand. As they were doing so a large bomb exploded near Notre Dame and water from the Seine splashed their faces. Dolores collapsed with a "heart attack" and her husband was burned on the arms and legs when he tried to extinguish an incendiary with water. The situation outside was just as bad with whole buildings collapsing from fire while German snipers shot and killed French firefighters attending to the blazes. Tartière left Paris immediately after this attack and her account provides no later information about the Wilkinsons or whether Eva survived.
Sylvia Beach
Wilkinson also managed to secure the release from Vittel in February 1942 of Sylvia Beach, the bookshop owner from whose premises James Joyce's Ulysses was published in 1922. Wilkinson wrote to Jacques Benoist-Méchin, who had been a member of Beach's library in 1919, and was now an official of the Vichy government, pleading her case. In gratitude for her release, Sylvia gave Wilkinson a first edition of Ulysses signed by Joyce. The episode is described in letters from Wilkinson to the bookseller Adrienne Monnier held in the Carlton Lake collection at the Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas at Austin.
Collecting
It is not clear to what extent Wilkinson's art collecting tipped over into dealing. As a man of independent means, he didn't need to work for a living. He was said to have had an excellent collection of paintings by Holbein but the works mentioned in published sources as belonging to him tend to be minor works. He was able to employ a highly qualified assistant to research on his behalf but there is no evidence that Wilkinson traded as a full time art dealer. The number of auction sales required to dispose of his collection in the 1960s up to 1971, however, indicate that it was extensive and that he had a large and valuable library. Art and books from his library were sold at auction in Paris between 1969 and 1971 in a series of sales at Hôtel Drouot. There was at least one sale of books in 1964 at the same location.
Donations
In 1952, Tudor Wilkinson donated the papers (1887–1914) of German-born Parisian antiques dealer Raoul Heilbronner to the Library of Congress. Heilbronner's home in Paris was confiscated and sold at auction by the French government not long after the start of the First World War. Wilkinson is thought to have acquired the papers at auction in the 1920s. They represent an insight into the working methods of an antiques dealer who supplied Sir Joseph Duveen, Henry E. Huntington and William Randolph Hearst.
Death
Tudor Wilkinson died at age 89 from natural causes on April 22, 1969 at his home in Croisy-sur-Eure, in the region of Haute-Normandie in France. His body was cremated and his ashes were interred at Cimetière du Père Lachaise in Paris, France. Dolores died in 1975.
References
External links
William Tudor WILKINSON b. 17 Dec 1880 d. Yes, date unknown: ClanMunroUSA Gen
Ephraim Brevard Ewing Family Information
1879 births
1969 deaths
American art collectors
People from St. Louis
American expatriates in France |
23577336 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kowmung%20River | Kowmung River | The Kowmung River (Gandangara: Barnalay), a perennial river that is part of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Central Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The Kowmung River is formed by the confluence of the Tuglow and Hollanders rivers near the locality of Tuglow, east southeast of the village of Shooters Hill. The river flows generally southeast and northeast, joined by seven minor tributaries, before reaching its confluence with the Coxs River west of Mount Cookem. The river descends over its course.
Approximately seventy per cent of the river's catchment lies within the boundaries of the Blue Mountains and Kanangra-Boyd national parks.
Much of the surrounding country is rugged, with steep cliffs and gorges. It is mostly covered by eucalyptus forest with some rainforest in deep ravines. The river is possibly home to the threatened Macquarie perch (Macquaria australasica), while the surrounds are home to the endangered species the brush-tailed rock wallaby (Petrogale penicillata), stuttering frog and south-eastern petaltail. Endangered flora found include Hakea dohertyi, Trachymene saniculifolia and Diuris aequalis.
Nomenclature
The river's name appears to be derived from the local Aboriginal word gummung meaning "sore eyes", likely a term for the condition trachoma. This is possibly because a plant, Centipeda cunninghamii, used by the local people to cure the condition grew along the riverbanks. Surveyor H.C. White recorded the Kowmung name in 1833; however, the Gandangara people called the river Barnalay elsewhere along its course.
In his attempt to cross the Blue Mountains in 1802, Francis Barrallier came to the river and followed it to Christys Creek before turning back due to a lack of supplies. Following in Barrallier's footsteps in 1806, George Caley came to the river and named it the Dryander.
See also
List of rivers of Australia
List of rivers of New South Wales (A-K)
Rivers of New South Wales
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Rivers of the Blue Mountains (New South Wales)
Central Tablelands
Oberon Council |
17337823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Irwin%20%28football%20manager%29 | George Irwin (football manager) | George Irwin (born 7 January 1891) was manager of the English football clubs Crystal Palace (1939–47) and Darlington (1950–52). He also made appearances in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Reading.
Playing career
Irwin began his career at West Bromwich Albion, but did not make a first team appearance for the club. He signed for Crystal Palace in 1921, as understudy to Jack Alderson. After two seasons he moved on to Reading where he spent a further three seasons before retiring as a player.
Coaching career
Irwin then moved into coaching, initially with Southend United, before moving to Sheffield Wednesday where he also served as assistant manager, and was on the staff when Wednesday won the 1935 FA Cup Final. Irwin returned to Crystal Palace, as coach, in 1937 before being appointed manager in 1939. He remained with Palace during the years of wartime football winning regional league titles in 1940, 1941 and 1946. However the first post-war season (1946–7) resulted in a disappointing eighteenth place in the Third Division South and Irwin resigned thereafter. He remained at Crystal Palace as a scout before being appointed manager of Darlington in 1950, where he remained for two seasons.
Managerial statistics
References
External links
George Irwin at holmesdale.net
Crystal Palace F.C. managers
Darlington F.C. managers
1891 births
Year of death missing
Crystal Palace F.C. players
West Bromwich Albion F.C. players
Reading F.C. players
Sportspeople from Smethwick
English Football League players
Association football goalkeepers
Sheffield Wednesday F.C. non-playing staff
English footballers
Date of death missing |
6905417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavian%20Airlines%20System%20Flight%20933 | Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 933 | Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 933 was a scheduled international flight from Denmark to the United States that on January 13, 1969, crashed into Santa Monica Bay at 19:21, approximately west of Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) in California, United States. The crash into the sea was caused by pilot error during approach to runway 07R; the pilots were so occupied with the nose gear light not turning green that they lost awareness of the situation and failed to keep track of their altitude. The Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) aircraft had a crew of nine and 36 passengers, of whom 15 died in the accident. The flight originated at Copenhagen Airport, Denmark, and had a stopover at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport, where there was a change of crew.
The crash was similar to Eastern Air Lines Flight 401.
The crash site was in international waters, but the National Transportation Safety Board carried out an investigation, which was published on July 1, 1970. The report stated the probable cause as improper crew resource management and stated that the aircraft was fully capable of carrying out the approach and landing. The aircraft was conducting an instrument approach, but was following an unauthorized back course approach.
Flight
The accident aircraft was a McDonnell Douglas DC-8-62 with serial number 45822 and line number 270. It was originally registered in the United States by McDonnell Douglas as N1501U for testing before delivery to SAS. It was then registered as LN-MOD, but as SAS already had a Douglas DC-7 with that registration, it was re-registered as LN-MOO. The aircraft was registered on June 23, 1967, and named "Sverre Viking" by SAS. Five days later, it was reregistered with Norwegian Air Lines, the Norwegian holding company of the SAS conglomerate, as owner. The DC-8-62 model had been custom-made by McDonnell Douglas for SAS to operate to Los Angeles with a full payload in all wind conditions, although the model was later sold to other airlines as well. SAS took delivery of the first of ten DC-8-62 aircraft in 1967. "Sverre Viking" had flown 6,948 hours as of January 7 and had met all maintenance requirements. The last overhaul had been carried out on April 3, 1968.
Flight 933 was a regular, international scheduled flight from SAS's main hub at Copenhagen Airport in Denmark to Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles, California, in the United States. It had a scheduled stopover at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport in the state of Washington for change of crew and refueling. There were 45 people on board the aircraft at the time of the accident, consisting of 36 passengers and nine crew members.
The crew outbound from Seattle had flown a flight from Copenhagen on January 11 and had about 48 hours of rest before the flight. The crew consisted of a captain, a first officer, a flight engineer and six flight attendants. Captain Kenneth Davies, a 50-year-old Briton, had been employed by SAS since 1948 and had a past in the RAF Coastal Command. He had flown 11,135 hours with SAS and 900 hours in the DC-8. First Officer Hans Ingvar Hansson was 40 and had worked for SAS since 1957. He had flown 5,814 hours for the airline, including 973 hours in the DC-8. Flight Engineer Ake Ingvar Andersson, 32, had worked for SAS since 1966. He had flown 985 hours, all of the time on a DC-8. All three had valid certificates, training and medical checks.
The cabin crew consisted of Renning Lenshoj, Arne Roosand, Peter Olssen, Marie Britt Larsson, Susanne Gothberg-Ingeborg and Ann-Charlotte Jennings. A steward and two stewardesses were killed in the crash, though remains of only one of the three were found.
The flight to Seattle had gone without incident. The landing took place with an instrument landing system (ILS) approach, with the autopilot coupler being used down to 100 to 60 meters (300–200 ft) before a manual completion. The aircraft had three maintenance issues at Seattle, consisting of a non-functioning fast–slow airspeed function, low oil on the number one engine and a non-functioning lavatory light. The final crew arrived at Seattle–Tacoma an hour before the flight and was given necessary documentation. Flight time was estimated at two hours, 16 minutes. All preflight checks were concluded without discrepancies. The aircraft was de-iced and the altimeters set and cross-checked. The flight departed Seattle at 15:46 Pacific Standard Time (PST), one hour and eleven minutes after schedule. The first officer was designated as pilot flying. The altimeters were recalibrated and the autopilot was used for the climb and cruise.
Approach and landing
Slightly after 17:20, an airline dispatcher confirmed that the weather was suitable at LAX for the landing. The aircraft made contact with Los Angeles Air Route Traffic Control Center at 17:32 and were told to hold at Bakersfield. This holding was confirmed at 17:47. At 18:39, the aircraft was cleared to descend via Fillmore and to keep an altitude of via the newly designated Westlake Intersection, which was not yet on the charts. The crew was to conduct a back course ILS at LAX, although they lacked authorization and plates to conduct this. The weather at 19:00 consisted of scattered clouds at , ceiling-measured overcast, visibility of and light rain and fog.
The sky was dark and the pilots lacked any visual ground references. Descent was controlled through the use of the vertical-speed wheel of the autopilot, combined with an altitude preselect (which illuminated a light when reaching preselected altitudes) in manual mode. While retaining use of the autopilot, the pilots reduced their speed to at the request of air-traffic control at 19:07. At this point the pilots were working through the approach checklist. The captain halted the checklist at the point regarding the radio altimeter, as the aircraft was above its operational limit, and he wanted to control the plane's operation during further descent. At 19:11, the aircraft received permission to bear 180 degrees and descend to and maintain of altitude. Both navigational receivers were tuned to the ILS frequency.
At 19:17:55, the controller requested that SK933 reduce its speed to , which was confirmed. At 19:19:05, the controller confirmed that the aircraft was cleared for approach for Runway 07R. At the time, the first officer thought the aircraft was from the VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) transmitter, while the captain thought they were away. The first officer therefore disconnected the autopilot. The captain put the landing gear in down position and the first officer asked for the landing checklist to be completed. This was interrupted by radio traffic and cockpit activities. The aircraft then descended to a minimum altitude of .
The DC-8 was following a Cessna 177 Cardinal, designated 67T, which was also conducting a back-course approach, flying at . All communication between SK933, 67T and air traffic control was occurring on the same frequency. Air-traffic control asked SK933 at 19:19:35 to reduce its speed further to take the Cessna into account, and the pilots reduced their speed to . This speed requires the full extension of the flaps, but this step was not carried out. The nose gear was showing an unsafe indication; should the flaps be extended fully without the nose gear down, a horn would blow, which could not be silenced without retracting the flaps. The captain recycled the gear, but the indicator light still showed an unsafe condition. Meanwhile, the first officer believed that the flaps were fully extended, and started reducing speed to . After the flight engineer confirmed that the nose gear was down and locked, the captain fully extended the flaps.
The flight engineer carried out a systems check, first from memory and then after consulting the flight manual. At this time, 19:20:42, the captain informed air-traffic control that he was experiencing nose-gear problems that, if not resolved by the time the aircraft reached minimum altitude, would force him to cancel the landing and divert to the designated alternate (McCarran International Airport (now Harry Reid International Airport) in Las Vegas). This was the last transmission from Flight 933. The flight engineer conducted a manual check of the landing gear from the cockpit peephole, confirming it was down and locked. At this time, the aircraft had an elevation of . The lowest speed that the pilots remembered was with full flap extension.
Minutes before impact, the aircraft had an altitude of . It descended to in the next 26 seconds, leveled for 16 seconds, then descended to sea level in one minute and 16 seconds. The pilots did not have control over the rate of descent, and the next thing remembered by the first officer was seeing the altimeter approaching zero. He attempted to pull up through back pressure and adding power, but the aircraft hit the water before he was able to execute this maneuver. The impact took place at 19:21:30 PST (03:21:30 on January 14 Coordinated Universal Time) in Santa Monica Bay, about west of LAX, in international waters where the sea is deep. The crew did not recall any unusual sink rate, buffeting and yawing, nor were there any instrument warnings except a last-moment flashing of the heading-difference light.
The aircraft hit the water with the tail first. The impact caused the fuselage to break into three main parts. The largest was the forward section of the aircraft, from the nose to the trailing edge of the wings. It remained afloat after the accident for about twenty hours. The midsection was long, from the trailing edge of the wing to the rear pressure bulkhead. The aft section consisted of the tail cone, including all of the horizontal stabilizers and the vertical stabilizers. The engines and landing gear separated from the aircraft at the time of impact.
Rescue and salvage
Three cabin crew and twelve passengers were killed in the impact. Of these, four were confirmed drowned, while eleven were missing and presumed dead. Eleven passengers and the remaining six crew members were injured, while thirteen passengers reported no injuries. Thirty people survived the crash. The passengers were evenly distributed throughout the aircraft, although there was a slightly higher proportion of survivors forward than aft. The surviving three cabin crew, an off duty captain and flight attendant, evacuated the passengers onto the wings and into liferafts.
When the first two life rafts were filled, they were tied together and rowed from the port wing toward the nose of the aircraft. One of the rafts scraped against a piece of metal and deflated rapidly, with its passengers falling into the water. Other passengers launched a life raft from the starboard wing, but it was also punctured. A search and rescue mission was quickly initiated by the United States Coast Guard. It took between 45 and 60 minutes before the rescue team was able to pick up the survivors. The Coast Guard stayed for hours searching for survivors.
The forward part of the aircraft was towed toward Malibu Beach, where it sank. It was later raised and brought to Long Beach Terminal Island Naval Shipyard for investigation. All flight instruments were recovered. The remaining other two sections, along with the engines and landing gear, were not recovered.
Investigation
Because the crash took place in international waters, the investigation was carried out in accordance with the Convention on International Civil Aviation. The Government of Norway requested that the investigation be carried out by the United States' National Transportation Safety Board. The maintenance records were investigated by Norway's Aviation Accident Commission. The final report from the board was issued on July 1, 1970, after 534 days of investigation.
Flight 933 was the 20th hull loss to a DC-8; it was at the time the tenth-deadliest accident of the type and remains the twentieth-deadliest. It was SAS's third fatal crash, but the airline would not experience another until the Linate Airport disaster of 2001.
All navigational aid systems at LAX were controlled and found to be working at the time of the accident. The flight recorder was recovered using a remotely operated underwater vehicle and found to be intact. Flights and simulator tests were carried out by SAS, confirming that the recorded data could be simulated in an appropriate manner on schedule. As the aircraft was found airworthy and able to be flown, the bulk of the work of the investigation commission focused on operational procedures.
Cause
The accident was caused through a series of events which, although not in themselves sufficient to cause the crash, combined to create a breakdown in crew resource management. The flight experienced two delays (de-icing at Seattle–Tacoma and holding at Bakersfield), which along with wind speeds increased the flight time by nearly three hours. This caused the captain to consider diverting to Las Vegas. The first pilot error occurred when the first officer incorrectly set his altimeter when the descent started. The difference between his and the captain's altimeter was never noticed.
Upon receiving clearance, a non-standard terminology was used by air-traffic control. As he did not have authorization to use a localizer back-course approach, the captain should have requested a different approach. Instead, the crew opted to conduct a VOR approach without informing air-traffic control. Neither pilot had carried out instrument approach and landing at runway 07R, making them less familiar with this than their commonly used Runway 25. Another factor was that the SAS aircraft was forced to operate at the lowest-permissible safe speeds while closing in on the Cessna.
The commission interpreted several of these actions as taking shortcuts to avoid further delays on an already severely delayed flight. They regarded the decision to descend at 5 meters per second (1,000 fpm) as reasonable given the conditions. However, as the first officer focused on the nose gear issue, the aircraft actually experienced a descent of 10.0 meters per second (1,960 fpm) for 26 seconds, zero descent for 16 seconds and then an average descent of 8.6 meters per second (1,720 fpm) until impact. The first officer was distracted by the captain's dealings with the landing-gear issues, hindering him from primary task: flying the aircraft. The cycling of the landing gear and delay in extending the flaps made speed and altitude control more difficult. The captain also failed to inform the first officer when the flaps were fully extended.
Both the landing-gear issue and the concerns regarding speed made the captain focus on the possibility of a missed approach and the major inconvenience of diverting to Las Vegas. It was the commission's impression that the captain failed to properly monitor the approach, and crew resource management broke down. He failed to give proper instructions to the first officer and failed to carry out instructions from the first officer, which moved the first officer's attention away from his task of monitoring the flight instruments. The situation was worsened by the crew attempting to fly at when the aircraft was not configured for that speed. These factors created a situation in which neither pilot was monitoring the altitude. There was also a shortcoming in the approach chart, which did not display a minimum altitude at Del Rey Intersection. This would have given the pilots an opportunity to correct the aircraft's altitude.
The commission classified the accident as survivable because the impact forces varied along the fuselage. The tail-first impact was caused by the first officer's last-second attempt at raising the aircraft. Most of the fatalities resulted from people having been trapped in the sinking sections, which was caused by the collapsing of the structure after impact. The collapse was caused by the compromise of the tubular integrity, which was dependent on the keel beam that had been torn off on impact.
The nose-gear light indicators were designed to be fail safe by having two separate light bulbs. This proved to be inadequate, as it was impossible to look through the cover to check whether one of the bulbs had been compromised, meaning that a failure of one bulb would not be detected until both bulbs malfunctioned. The first bulb was thus presumed to have gone inoperative some time before the day of the flight, while the second bulb broke during Flight 933. The NTSB therefore advised the Federal Aviation Administration to articulate means to avoid similar compromised fail-safe designs in the future. Both pilots had minimum-descent altitude light warnings, which were presumed to have given a visual warning, but because of the work overload, neither pilot directed his attention to these alerts.
The investigation commission produced the following conclusion:
Two similar accidents occurred in the following decade. Eastern Air Lines Flight 401 was a watershed incident in airline safety: on December 29, 1972, its entire flight crew became preoccupied with a burnt-out landing-gear indicator light and failed to notice that the autopilot had inadvertently been disconnected. As a result, the aircraft gradually lost altitude and eventually crashed. A similar incident occurred on December 28, 1978, when the captain of United Airlines Flight 173 was distracted by a landing-gear issue and did not heed his crewmembers' concerns about the aircraft's fuel level, resulting in an exhaustion of fuel to all engines and a subsequent crash.
See also
Ansett New Zealand Flight 703
Eastern Air Lines Flight 401
United Airlines Flight 266, a crash which took place not far from where Flight 933 crashed, later the same week
References
Bibliography
Airliner accidents and incidents in California
1969 in Los Angeles
933
Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in 1969
Airliner accidents and incidents involving controlled flight into terrain
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by instrument failure
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error
Disasters in Los Angeles
Los Angeles International Airport
Accidents and incidents involving the Douglas DC-8
January 1969 events in the United States |
44503106 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusail%20Sports%20Arena | Lusail Sports Arena | Lusail Sports Arena, also known as Lusail Multipurpose Hall, is an indoor sports arena located in Lusail, Qatar. It occupies an area of 140,000 sq m in Al Ahli Sports Village. With a seating capacity of over 15,300, it is built to host sporting events including handball, volleyball and basketball tournaments, music concerts etc. One of the largest event hosted at the stadium was the 2015 World Men's Handball Championship.
On 18 January 2019, the arena hosted its biggest music event, a live concert by Arijit Singh presented by OneFM Radio in association with Shop Qatar and ticketing partner WanasaTime.
Construction
The construction of the spectator stadium began in 2012 with a cost of approximately US$318 Million. Dar Al-Handasah designed the sports arena having been commissioned by the Qatar Olympic Committee. The arena was designed to reflect the local Qatari culture featuring the colors of the sea, pearls and the desert sands blended with a central dome inspired by the classic Islamic architecture. The building is designed in a way to reduce the cooling demand by using fritting, shading and bright finishing to minimize the heat effects. It also optimizes the ratio of opaque and glazed walls.
Gallery
References
External links
Lusail Multipurpose Hall
Indoor arenas in Qatar
Handball venues in Qatar |
23577338 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krui%20River | Krui River | Krui River, a perennial river of the Hunter River catchment, is located in the Upper Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Krui River rises on the southern slopes of the Great Dividing Range, below Oxleys Peak, at Mount Palmer and flows generally southwest, joined by six minor tributaries before reaching its confluence with the Goulburn River near Comiala Flat. The river descends over its course.
Near the village of Collaroy, the Golden Highway crosses the Krui River.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers of New South Wales (A-K)
List of rivers of Australia
Goulburn River National Park
References
External links
Water Sharing Rules: Krui River Water Source from the NSW Office of Water
Rivers of New South Wales
Rivers of the Hunter Region
Upper Hunter Shire |
17337829 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM-905 | AM-905 | AM-905 (part of the AM cannabinoid series) is an analgesic drug which is a cannabinoid agonist. It is conformationally restricted by virtue of the double bond on its side chain, leading an increased affinity for and selectivity between CB1 and CB2 receptors. It is a potent and reasonably selective agonist for the CB1 cannabinoid receptor, with a Ki of 1.2 nM at CB1 and 5.3 nM at CB2.
See also
AM-906 - The corresponding Z or cis isomer
HU-243 - Double bond replaced by geminal methyls for Thorpe–Ingold effect
References
Benzochromenes
Primary alcohols
Phenols
AM cannabinoids |
17337830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lykes%20Brothers | Lykes Brothers | Lykes Brothers Inc, is a corporation founded by the Lykes Family of Tampa, Florida, in 1910. This family would become the largest landowners in Florida, the ninth largest landowners in the United States and the wealthiest in Tampa Bay.
In the 1870s Dr. Howell Tyson Lykes abandoned a medical career in Columbia, South Carolina and took over a family cattle ranch in rural Hernando County north of Tampa. The Lykes Family started the first school in this county in Spring Hill, Florida and the library at the county seat, Brooksville, Florida also bears the Lykes name. Spring Hill refers to the community that grew up around the Lykes Family home called Spring Hill, which is distinct and separate from the later development by the Deltona Corporation by the same name. The family cemetery is located outside of Brooksville.
In 1895, Dr. Lykes moved to Ballast Point in Tampa, Florida where he began shipping cattle to Cuba. Gradually, his seven sons joined the family operations which incorporated in 1910 as Lykes Brothers. This corporation would come to comprise interests in land, citrus, phosphate mining, timber (eucalyptus, pine), sugarcane, a major shipping line (Lykes Brothers Steamship Company), cattle and meat processing, banking (First Florida Bank) and Lykes Insurance Company.
In the 1930s, Lykes Bros. purchased the Lykes Ranch in West Texas, south of Alpine.
By the 1950s, Lykes Bros. Steamships was the largest U.S. shipping line, with 54 cargo ships operating out of Gulf ports. A Lykes Bros. ship would be the first to sail into Shanghai harbor after the U.S. established relations with mainland China. A leader in citrus concentrate, the $15 million Lykes Pasco citrus-processing plant was the biggest in Florida. The corporation took a blow when La Candelaria, the Lykes estate east of Havana, was nationalized during the Cuban Revolution. It is now a cooperative farm.
See also
Lykes Palmdale Airport
Lykes Building
Muse, Florida
References
Notes
Further reading
External links
Lykes Ranch (FL) website
Conglomerate companies established in 1910
Companies based in Florida
Companies based in Tampa, Florida
Real estate companies established in 1910
1910 establishments in Florida |
17337840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Forrest | Bill Forrest | William Forrest (28 February 1908 – February 1965) was manager of the English football club Darlington from 1946 to 1950. Between 1929 and 1945 he played 307 League matches for Middlesbrough FC.
Managerial statistics
External links
English footballers
Middlesbrough F.C. players
Darlington F.C. managers
1965 deaths
1908 births
People from Tranent
Association footballers not categorized by position
English football managers |
23577341 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996%E2%80%9397%20Libyan%20Premier%20League | 1996–97 Libyan Premier League | The 1996–97 Libyan Premier League was the 29th edition of the competition since its inception in 1963. The league featured 25 teams, split into two groups, one of 13 and another of 12. The top team in each of these groups went into a one-off playoff match to decide the championship.
Tahaddy won the league, defeating Mahalla 2–0 to secure their third title. They have not won the league since.
League table
Group A
Group B
Playoff
Played on August 8, 1997, at 28 March Stadium, Benghazi
Tahaddy 2–0 Mahalla
References
Libya – List of final tables (RSSSF)
Libyan Premier League seasons
1
Libya |
44503117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danheiser%20benzannulation | Danheiser benzannulation | The Danheiser benzannulation is a chemical reaction used in organic chemistry to generate highly substituted phenols in a single step. It is named after Rick L. Danheiser who developed the reaction.
Annulation
An annulation is defined as a transformation of one or more acyclic precursors resulting in the fusion of a new ring via two newly generated bonds. These strategies can be used to create aromatic systems from acyclic precursors in a single step, with many substituents already in place. A common synthetic annulation reaction is the Robinson annulation. It is a useful reactions for forming six-membered rings and generating polycyclic compounds. It is the combination of the Michael Addition and the Aldol Condensation reaction.
Reaction development
Polysubstituted benzenes were originally synthesized by substitution reactions on aromatic precursors. However, these reactions can have low regioselectivity and are prone to over substitution. Directed ortho metalation requires precursors that are often unstable to metallating reagents. Both these synthetic routes pose issues in total synthesis. In 1984 a new synthetic strategy was developed by Rick Danheiser to address these shortcomings.
Reaction
The Danheiser benzannulation is a regiocontrolled phenol annulation. This annulation provides an efficient route to form an aromatic ring in one step. It is a thermal combination of a substituted cyclobutenones with heterosubstituted acetylenes to produce highly substituted aromatic compounds, specifically phenols or resorcinols (Scheme 1). This benzannulation reaction creates previously unaccessed aromatic substitution patterns. A variety of substituted aromatic rings can be prepared using this method including: phenols, naphthalenes, benzofurans, benzothiophenes, indoles, and carbazoles.
The modified Danheiser benzannulation allows the synthesis of polycyclic aromatic and heteroaromatic systems. This also includes napthalenes, benzofurans and indoles. This second generation aromatic annulation is achieved by irradiation of a solution of acetylene and a vinyl or aryl α-diazo ketone in dichloroethane. This reaction utilizes the photochemical Wolff rearrangement of a diazoketone to generate an aryl or vinylketene. These ketene intermediates cannot be isolated due to their high reactivity to form diketenes. These rearrangements are performed in the presence of unsaturated compounds which undergo [2+2] cycloadditions with the in situ generated ketenes. When ketenes are formed in the presence of alkynes they proceed through pericyclic reactions to generate a substituted aromatic ring (Scheme 2). Avoiding the use of the high energy cyclobutenone starting materials provides access to a wider variety of substituted aromatic compounds.
This reaction is quite complementary to the Wulff–Dötz reaction. This is a [2+1] cycloaddition of a carbene to an alkyne or alkene (more specifically in the Dӧtz reaction a carbene coordinated to a metal carbonyl group) to produce substituted aromatic phenols.
Mechanism
The reaction proceeds via a cascade of four subsequent pericyclic reactions (Scheme 3). Heating a cyclobutenone above 80 °C initiates a four-electron electrocyclic cleavage generating a vinyl ketene which reacts with an acetylene in a regiospecific [2+2] cycloaddition (Scheme 4). Reversible electrocyclic cleavage of the 2-vinylcyclobutenone yields a dienylketene. The dienylketene then undergoes a six-electron electrocyclization to give a hexadienone intermediate which rapidly tautomerizes to yield a highly substituted phenol or naphthol structures.
In the case of the modified benzannulation reaction (Scheme 5); irradiation of the diazoketones induces the Wolff rearrangement yielding the vinyl ketene intermediate which reacts with the acetylene in a [2+2] cycloaddition then a four-electron cleavage of the resulting 4-substituted cyclobutenone produces a dienylketene which then undergoes a six-electron electrocyclization to give the 2,4-cyclohexanedione which tautomerizes to the final aromatic product.
Reaction conditions
A typical Danheiser benzannulation reaction is run with a 0.4-2.0 M solution of the cyclobutenone in toluene heated at 80-160 °C with a slight excess of the cyclobutenone. Upon addition of the alkyne a [2+2] cycloaddition occurs. The crude annulation product is treated with 10% potassium hydroxide in methanol to saponify the ester side product formed from the reaction of the phenolic product with excess vinylketene (Scheme 6).
For the second generation reaction starting with the diazoketone, the reaction is performed by irradiation of a 0.7 M solution of the ketone with 1.0-1.2 equivalents of acetylene. A low-pressure mercury-vapor lamp at 254 nm in a photochemical reactor is used for 5–8 hours until all the diazoketone has been consumed as determined by TLC analysis. Dichloromethane, chloroform, and 1,2-dichloroethane, are all appropriate solvents for the annulation reaction.
Reagent Preparations
Cyclobutenone was originally synthesized from the 3-bromocyclobutanone and 3-chlorocyclobutanone precursors which were prepared from an allene and a ketene via two independent routes. Scheme 7 shows the preparation from cyclobutenone from an allene.
Activated alkyoxyacetylenes can be synthesized in a single-pot preparation of triisopropylsilyloxyacetylenes from esters. The silyloxyacetylenes are useful substitutes for alkoxyacetylenes in [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions with ketenes and vinylketenes affording cyclobutenones (Scheme 8).
Diazoketones can be synthesized in one-step from readily available ketones or carboxylic acid precursors by the addition of diazomethane to acyl chlorides. A diazo group transfer method can be used to produce α,β-unsaturated ketones. The traditional method of the deformylative diazo transfer approach has been improved upon by substituting the trifluoroacetylation of generated lithium enolates for the Claisen formylation step. The key step in this procedure is activation of the ketone starting material to the corresponding α-trifluoroacetyl derivative using trifluoroethyltrifluoroacetate (TFEA) (Scheme 9).
Alkynes or ketenophiles can be synthesized by various methods. Trialkylsilyloxyalkynes have proven to be excellent ketenophiles. These alkynes react in the annulation reaction to form resorcinol monosilyl ethers which can be de-protected under mild reaction conditions.
Base-promoted dehydrohalogenation of (Z)-2-halovinyl ethers to form alkoxyacetylenes is one of the most well established routes of alkyne synthesis (Scheme 10).
The synthesized alkynes are then heated in benzene or toluene in presence of excess cyclobutenone initiating the benzannulation reaction. Treatment with n-Bu4NF in tetrahydrofuran removes the siloxy groups to form the desired diols.
Scope
Alkynyl ethers and siloxyacetylenes have proven to be the ideal pair for aromatic annulations. The reactions can be run with both activated heterosubstituted alkynes and un-activated acetlyenes. Alkynyl thioethers and ynamines have been used as reactants in the annulation reaction.
Conjugated enynes have also been used for benzannulation reactions catalyzed by cobalt. This type of benzannulation involves a [4+2] cycloaddition followed by a 1,3-hydrogen shift. In dichloromethane, the symmetrical benzannulation products are yielded but in tetrahydrofuran (THF), unsymmetrical benzannulation products were obtained with good regioselectivity. These reactions utilize 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (dppp) substituted cobalt catalyst in the presence of powdered zinc and zinc iodide for a solvent dependent benzannulation reaction (Scheme 11). In dichloromethane the ratio of A:B is 78:22 with an overall combined yield of 90% and in THF the ratio has switched to 7:93 (A:B) with a combined yield of 85%.
Palladium-catalyzed benzannulations have been developed using allylic compounds and alkynes. This palladium catalyzed reaction has been performed in both inter- and intramolecular forms. The cationic palladium complex [(η3-C3H5)Pd(CH3CN)2](BF4) reacts with an excess of 4-octyne when heated to 80 °C in the presence of triphenylphosphine forming the aromatic compound 1-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrapropylbenzene (Scheme 12). It was determined that the presence of exactly one equivalent of palladium catalyst (from which the allyl group adds into the final aromatic structure) is crucial for the catalyzed benzannulation to occur in good yield.
This catalyzed reaction was also optimized for allyl substrates with catalytic [Pd2(dba)3]CHCl3 and triphenylphosphine (dba =dibenzylideneacetone) (Scheme 13).
Applications in Total Synthesis
Mycophenolic acid is a Penicillium metabolite that was originally prepared via a key benzannulation step. An alkyne and a cyclobutenone were reacted to form a substituted phenol in a single step in a 73% yield (Scheme 14). Mycophenolic acid was prepared in nine steps in an overall yield of 17-19%.
In the synthesis of highly substituted indoles performed by Danheiser, the key step was a benzannulation reaction using cyclobutenone and ynamides to produce highly substituted aniline derivatives. In this case, the ortho position can be functionalized with various substituents. Following the benzannulation reaction with various heterocyclization reactions can provide access to substituted indoles (Scheme 15).
Danheiser also used the benzannulation with ynamides for the synthesis of polycyclic benzofused nitrogen heterocycles followed by ring-closing metathesis (Scheme 16) for the total synthesis of (+)-FR900482, an anticancer agent.
Kowalski used the benzannulation reaction with siloxyacetylenes for the first time, reacting them with cyclobutenones to synthesize a substituted phenol for the total synthesis of Δ-6-tetrahydrocannabinol (Scheme 17).
The benzannulation reaction was used by Smith in the total synthesis of cylindrocyclophanes specifically (−)-Cylindrocyclophane F. He utilized the reaction of a siloxyalkyne and a cyclobutenone to construct the dihydroxyl aromatic intermediate for an olefin metathesis reaction to access the target (Scheme 18).
An outstanding application of Danheiser benzannulation in 6-step synthesis of dictyodendrins was demonstrated by Zhang and Ready. They obtained the cyclobutenone substrate using a hetero-[2+2] cycloaddition between aryl ynol ethers (aryl ketene precursors), and the following benzannulation enabled the rapid construction of the carbazole cole of dictyodendrins F, H and I. The successful usage of Danheiser benzannulation allows Zhang and Ready to achieve the so-far shortest synthesis of dictyodendrin natural products.
References
Organic reactions
Name reactions |
23577348 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lansdowne%20River | Lansdowne River | Lansdowne River, a watercourse of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Mid North Coast district of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Lansdowne River rises below Mount Gibraltar in the Gibraltar Range, north northwest of Upper Lansdowne, and flows generally southeast before reaching its confluence with the Northern Arm of the Manning River, near Coopernook. The river descends over its course.
The Pacific Highway crosses the Lansdowne River south-east of Coopernook.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers in New South Wales (L-Z)
List of rivers of Australia
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Mid North Coast
City of Greater Taree |
44503217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bao%20%28surname%29 | Bao (surname) | Bao or Pao is the pinyin romanization of two Chinese surnames, 包 () and 鮑/鲍 (). It could also be a sinification of the Mongolian surname Borjigin. It is also a Vietnamese surname.
List of people with surname 包
Bao Zheng (999–1062), government official during the Song dynasty and the Chinese cultural icon of justice
Bao Daoyi, fictional Song dynasty outlaw from the novel Water Margin
Bao Zunxin (1937–2007), Chinese historian and dissident
Bao Yingying (born 1983), Chinese sabre fencer
Bao Bei'er (born 1984), Chinese actor
Bao Yixin (born 1992), Chinese badminton player
List of people with surname 鮑/鲍
It is the 62nd name on the Hundred Family Surnames poem.
Bao Shuya (died 644 BC), official under the Qi during the Spring and Autumn period
Bao Xin (152–192), general during the Han dynasty
Bao Xun (died 224), government official during the Han dynasty and later under the Wei during the Three Kingdoms period
Bao Sanniang, fictional character during the Three Kingdoms period
Bao Xu, fictional Song dynasty outlaw from the novel Water Margin
Bao Chao (1828–1886), Qing dynasty general and official
Bao Tong (born 1932), former Chinese politician
Bao Guo'an (born 1946), Chinese actor
Bao Xishun (born 1951), ethnic Mongolian man from China recognized as the tallest man on earth
Yih-Ho Michael Pao, American engineer
Ellen Pao, American lawyer and corporate executive
Bao Chunlai (born 1983), Chinese badminton player
References
Individual Chinese surnames
Chinese-language surnames
Multiple Chinese surnames |
23577349 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Intelligencer%20%28Belleville%29 | The Intelligencer (Belleville) | The Intelligencer (locally nicknamed the Intell) is the daily (except on Sundays and certain holidays) newspaper of Belleville, Ontario, Canada. The paper is regarded mainly as a local paper, stressing local issues over issues of more national or international scope.
History
The Belleville Intelligencer was founded in 1834 by George Benjamin, who, after just arriving in the city, is said to have stopped in at a hotel and asked to purchase the local newspaper. He was then informed of the young city's lack of a local newspaper, as several attempted newspaper publications turned out to have been short lived and had failed. This innocent question eventually led to George Benjamin establishing the Intelligencer in 1834, although it was originally regarded as another attempt that was likely destined for failure in the long run.
Many newspapers predated the Intelligencer in Belleville, and all folded quickly. The first recorded paper was The Anglo-Canadian in 1829 which folded within a year. Other attempts included The Phoenix in 1831, The Hastings Times and Farmers' Journal in 1833, and finally The Standard of Moira which lasted only six weeks in 1834. These previous failed newspaper publications dampened the original public opinion of the Intelligencer, although the outlooks eventually lightened.
The Intelligencer originally consisted of only four small pages and was originally only a weekly publication. In 1897, D'Alton Corry Coleman became city editor for the Intelligencer at age 18. Later on it would be sold to a young Sir MacKenzie Bowell (a future Canadian Prime Minister), who had come to work for George Benjamin at the Intelligencer. It has also been stated that MacKenzie Bowell's political career started at the Intelligencer, with its then firm political views. After obtaining the Intelligencer MacKenzie Bowell would remain its owner until 1917 the year of his death at the age of 94.
The media group Sun Media purchased the newspaper in 2009. The purchase moved the paper's editorial policy significantly to the right.
In spring 2014, the Intelligencer and other Sun Media properties were sold to Postmedia, owner of The National Post in Toronto.
The Intelligencers current advertising director is Gerry Drage, its managing editor W. Brice McVicar.
In September 2017, PostMedia transferred the Intelligencers distribution to a private distribution company. Big Creek Services Corporation is based in Napanee Ontario and manages the distribution of 5 of PostMedia's newspapers and has a network of almost 500 on contract newspaper carriers.
See also
List of newspapers in Canada
Belleville, Ontario#Media
References
External links
ISSN 0839-1912
Mass media in Belleville, Ontario
Publications established in 1834
Daily newspapers published in Ontario
Postmedia Network publications
1834 establishments in Canada |
20478257 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninzic%20languages | Ninzic languages | The dozen or so Ninzic languages are a branch of the Plateau family spoken in central Nigeria.
Classification
There is little data on the Ninzic languages, and it is not clear that all of the following languages are related. Blench (2008) lists the following languages, twice as many as Greenberg 1963 ("Plateau IV"). They are not subclassified apart from a few obvious dialect clusters.
Ce (Che, Rukuba), Ninzo (Ninzam), Mada, Ninkyop (Kaninkwom)–Nindem, Kanufi (Anib), Gwantu (Gbantu), Bu-Ninkada (Bu), Ningye, Nungu, Ninka, Gbətsu, Nkɔ
and perhaps Ayu.
Names and locations
Below is a list of language names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019).
Footnotes
References
Blench (2008) Prospecting proto-Plateau. Manuscript.
External links
Roger Blench: Ninzic materials
Plateau languages |
20478264 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pawnee%20Reservation | Pawnee Reservation | The Pawnee Reservation was located on the Loup River in Platte and Nance counties in mid-central Nebraska . The Kawarakis Pawnees, the ancestors of the Chaui, Kitkehahki, and Pitahawirata Bands, settled in southeastern Nebraska in approximately 900.
Under three treaties with the United States in 1833, 1843, and 1857, the Pawnee ceded all of their lands to the United States government except a reservation wide by long along the Loup River in Nebraska. After the state of Nebraska was admitted into the Union, the state government extinguished the tribe's rights to their land. It soon sold the land and used the proceeds to defray expenses to obtain lands elsewhere for the Indians. In the mid-1870s the remainder of the reservation was sold, and in 1876 the tribe was relocated to its present-day location in central Oklahoma.
The Genoa Indian Industrial School was built in 1884 in the town of Genoa, which is located on the former Pawnee Reservation lands.
See also
Native American tribes in Nebraska
References
Former American Indian reservations in Nebraska
Geography of Platte County, Nebraska
Pawnee |
23577351 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee%20Creek%20%28New%20South%20Wales%29 | Lee Creek (New South Wales) | Lee Creek, a partly perennial river of the Hunter River catchment, is located in the Central Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Officially designated as a river, the Lee Creek rises on the northern slopes of the Great Dividing Range, below Thompsons Hole, northeast of . The river flows generally north northwest then north reaching its confluence with the Bylong River near . The river descends over its course.
See also
List of rivers of Australia
List of rivers of New South Wales (A-K)
Rivers of New South Wales
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Central Tablelands |
44503270 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellanor%20C.%20Lawrence%20Park | Ellanor C. Lawrence Park | Ellanor C. Lawrence Park is located in Chantilly, Virginia, just north of Centreville, on Route 28. The park preserves the cultural and natural resources of western Fairfax County and has a long and complex history lasting 8,000 years. The land was originally inhabited by Native Americans, but as Europeans settled in Virginia, the land was shaped by only three families: the Browns, Machens and Lawrences. Through these periods, the land was used as a tenant farm, family homestead, and country estate until it was deeded to Fairfax County Park Authority as a 640-acre nature park in 1971.
On the eastern side of Route 28, visitors can learn about the site’s natural and cultural history at Walney Visitor Center, where visitors can see the park’s several significant structures including Walney, an 18th-century farmhouse, and 19th century outbuildings and features, including a smokehouse, dairy, ice house and ice pond remnants. Cabell's Mill and Middlegate stand in the southeastern end of the park. Middlegate is an early 19th-century stone house associated with Cabell’s Mill, which was built in the 18th century. Cabell's Mill is a popular setting for weddings and is available for rent through the Fairfax County Park Authority. Middlegate is used for park administrative offices.
Approximately four miles of mostly earthen trails are accessible from the Visitor Center, the pond, Cabell's Mill and the park's northern terminus on Poplar Tree Road. The trails pass through the park's diverse habitats and are popular with birders, runners, dog walkers, and families. Trail maps are available at the Walney Visitor Center. Bicycles are not permitted on most park trails except the paved or gravel Big Rocky Run Stream Trail, which begins near Cabell's Mill and ends at the Fairfax County Parkway.
Fishing under state regulations and licensing is permitted in the pond and Big Rocky Run.
On the western site of Route 28, the park houses playgrounds, athletic fields (including soccer, baseball, and softball fields), and a fitness trail with stations.
History
Brown family
In 1739, Willoughby Newton purchased a series of properties surrounding the Centreville area totaling to 2,500 acres. Newton never settled in western Fairfax County, but instead leased the property to tenant farmers. Thomas Brown received a “three-lives lease” from Willoughby Newton in 1742 for 150 acres. This meant his lease would be valid through his life, as well as that of his wife, Elizabeth, and first son, Joseph. Through the lease, Brown was required to have a 200-tree apple orchard and pay an annual rent of 530 pounds of dried and cured tobacco.
Thomas Brown farmed tobacco as well as crops and vegetables to help support his family. As Brown worked the land, he began build up his wealth and purchased acres outside of his lease. By 1776, Thomas Brown and his youngest son Coleman had acquired some 630 acres, sold the “three-lives lease” and may have built the stone house that would become Walney Visitor Center. As tobacco depleted the soil, Thomas and Coleman switched from tobacco monoculture to mixed crops including wheat, corn, and rye.
At Thomas Brown’s death in 1793, the property was given to his son Coleman who operated the farm until his death. Coleman left the bulk of the farm to the children of his daughter, Mary Lewis, with the expectation that it would be sold and the proceeds divided among them. But he stipulated that his wife Elizabeth be allowed to reside there for the remainder of her life. For the next ten years, until her death in 1840, Elizabeth had legal oversight of the farm. There are few records pertaining to this period. It is possible she turned over management to her son-in-law, Coleman Lewis. Advertisements for the sale of the farm noted the presence of tenant houses, so it may be that she left management to them. Whoever was responsible, the farm was in poor condition in 1843 when, following Elizabeth's death, it was sold to Lewis H. Machen, one of Thomas Brown's great-grandchildren.
Machen family
In 1843 Lewis H. Machen purchased 725 acres from Coleman Brown's grandchildren for $10,879 and moved to the property with his wife Caroline, daughter Emmeline, and sons Arthur and James. The Machens moved into a framed house that was located near the stone house that still remains on the property. Lewis Machen had a large and valuable collection of books and he converted the small stone house into a library and study. Lewis Machen was not a farmer, but instead served as a clerk for the United States Senate. Lewis was aware that maintaining his position required a political adroitness that did not come easily to him. He hoped the farm would be a source of economic security for him and his family when he chose to retire, or if he lost his position. The Machens also expected that the sale of their home in Washington would help to pay for the farm. Unfortunately, no one was interested in buying the DC property. As a result, Machen was forced to rely on his Senate income to maintain the farm and he remained in DC much of the time, leaving the farm in the care of his wife and two sons.
The farm was in poor condition when it was purchased, but Lewis had an avid interest in revitalizing the farm and making it profitable. A participant of the scientific farming movement of the 1840s and 1850s, Lewis experimented with crop rotation and the use of fertilizer including Peruvian guano. Because Lewis was not always on the farm, he wrote extensive letters giving directions to Arthur and James and kept records of the farm in workbooks. These workbooks contain detailed information about the operation of the farm including what tasks were completed each day, who completed them, and what the weather was.
The eldest son, Arthur, lived at Walney in his teen years, operating the farm alongside his brother James. It was Arthur who named the farm Walney, a name that referred to the walnut trees that grew in front of the house. Arthur did not, however, have much interest in farming. He was a scholar and entered Harvard Law School in 1849 and settled in Baltimore, Maryland as a lawyer.
On the farm, the Machens grew a variety of crops for market or to supply the needs of farm animals, including oats and wheat, corn, radishes and potatoes. They also raised cattle, sheep, and milk cows for market as well as personal use. The Machens also had a kitchen vegetable garden, chickens and hogs which they harvested for their own use. In the winter of 1853, the Machens constructed an ice pond and ice house to harvest and store their own ice. To help them manage the farm, the Machens hired white farmhands and rented enslaved African Americans from slave-owners.
In 1859, Lewis finally retired from service as a clerk for the United States Senate. However, Lewis was not able to have a peaceful retirement with the coming of the American Civil War.
American Civil War
Walney witnessed extensive troop movement during the American Civil War due to its proximity to Washington D.C. In the winter of 1861-1862, over 40,000 troops camped in the Centreville area, cutting down local trees for firewood, fortifications and shelter, damaging woods, fields, and gardens. During this winter, Walney was used to house a few of the sick soldiers in the area to be cared for by the Machen women.
In August 1862, directly following the Battle of Second Manassas, Walney was right in the path of the Union retreat. Union soldiers passed through Walney and stole oxen, horses, food and supplies. They also plundered the stone house and tried to break into the frame house in which Lewis Machen was lying ill. Union soldiers were stopped from entering by Caroline Machen, who stood, barricading the door, until a passing Union officer ordered the men away and stopped the assault. The next day, on September 1st, 1862, the Battle of Ox Hill occurred on a portion of the property in the Machen’s cornfield.
Despite the troop movements and action seen during the war, Walney survived with less property loss than many of the neighboring farms. However, the war had taken a toll on the Machens. Lewis Machen died in 1863, shortly after leaving Walney to take refuge in Baltimore with Arthur. Caroline and daughter Emmeline would remain in Baltimore for the rest of their lives, returning to Walney only for family visits. James returned from service with the Confederate Army to try to rebuild his family's farm despite the losses of war.
Postbellum
James Machen took over Walney after the war. He struggled to replace animals and equipment that had been lost during the war. In December 1874, a faulty chimney caused the frame house in which James and his family lived to burn, forcing James to move his family into the stone house after renovations in 1875. But James persevered and transformed the farm from growing crops to a dairy farm. By 1880, James was producing 3000 pounds of butter a year. In 1881 he expanded his dairy and began to produce cheese as well as butter. As James grew older he began to abandon farming. While historians do not know for certain why James did this, contributing factors could be the death of his wife Georgie in 1895, or the fact that none of his children were interested in taking over the farm. After James' death in 1913, his children rented the farm until the 1920s. Throughout this period, the farm deteriorated significantly and was abandoned until the 1930s.
Lawrence family
In 1935, Ellanor C. Lawrence purchased the property from Machen descendants for $16,500. Ellanor and her husband David Lawrence had lived in Washington D.C. since 1916. Her husband was a columnist and founder of U.S. News and World Report. Though the property would become part of their country estate and retreat from Washington D.C., the Lawrences rented the Walney stone house to various tenants and never lived there. In 1942, Ellanor purchased the adjoining Cabell’s Mill property, increasing her landholdings by 20 acres. The Lawrences lived at Middlegate, which had been the miller's house, when staying at their Walney estate. Both Cabell's Mill and Middlegate remain as features of Ellanor C. Lawrence Park.
Ellanor made several changes to the old Walney farm. She tore down several of the original farm and tenant structures and renovated the Walney house and Middlegate. She was also an avid gardener and added landscape features and flowers, many of which were imported from Japan. Old farm field and pastures were left to return to wild fields and forests.
When Ellanor C. Lawrence died in 1969, she willed the property to her husband with the intent that it be given to a public agency so that its natural and cultural resources could be preserved. In 1971, David Lawrence deeded 640 acres including Walney and Cabell’s Mill to the Fairfax County Park Authority in memory of Ellanor. In 1982, the little stone house that was built by the Browns, had housed the Machen library, and was James' home, became the Walney Visitor Center, interpreting the site’s natural and cultural history and greeting visitors who visit the park.
Chain of title
NORTH OF ROCKY RUN
1728 Richard Brett/Britt granted land north of Rocky Run
circa 1739 Scarlett and Lettice Hancock inherit from Brett/Britt
1741 John Hancock inherits from Scarlett Hancock
1761 Thomas Brown purchases from John Hancock
1769 Coleman Brown purchases from Lettice Hancock Langfitt
1793 Coleman Brown inherits from Thomas Brown
1830 children of Mary Lewis inherit from Coleman Brown, except 2 acres & house granted to Mary Lewis
1843 Lewis Machen purchases from children of Mary Lewis, includes Mary Lewis 2 acres & house
1863 James, Arthur, and Emmeline inherit from Lewis Machen
1935 Ellanor C. Lawrence purchases from Machen heirs
1971 Fairfax County Park Authority receives donation from estate of Ellanor C. Lawrence
SOUTH OF ROCKY RUN: THOMAS BROWN LEASE
1727 Francis Awbrey granted land south of Rocky Run
unknown John Tayloe purchases from Francis Awbrey
1740 Willoughby Newton purchases from John Tayloe
1742 Thomas Brown leases 150 acres from Willoughby Newton
1767 Katherine and John Lane inherit 350 acres from Willoughby Newton
1769 James Hardage Lane purchases from Katherine and John Lane
1776 Thomas Brown assigns lease to William Fintch
1776 William Fintch assigns lease to James Hardage Lane
1810 Coleman Brown purchases approx. 135 acres from estate of James Hardage Lane, consolidating with property north of Rocky Run
SOUTH OF ROCKY RUN: MILL PROPERTY
1727 Francis Awbrey granted land south of Rocky Run
unknown John Tayloe purchases from Francis Awbrey
1740 Willoughby Newton purchases from John Tayloe
1767 Katherine and John Lane inherit 350 acres from Willoughby Newton
1769 William Carr Lane leases mill property from Katherine and John Lane
1770 Wilson Carr Lane inherits from William Carr Lane
1772 Wilson Carr Lane purchases 20 acres, including 4 inherited from Willam from Katherince & John Lane
1791 Samuel Love purchases from Wilson Carr Lane
1800 Charles Love inherits from Samuel Love
1808 Daniel Harrington purchases from Charles Love
1811 Carr Wilson Lane purchases from Daniel Harrington
1816 George Brittan purchases from Wilson Carr Lane
1818 James Lane Triplett purchases from estate of George Brittan
1846 Edward Caple purchases from estate of James Lane Triplett
1866 James Caple inherits from Edward Caple
1875 E. M. Pittman purchases from James Caple
1906 Carrie Settle inherits from E. M. Pittman
1908 Singelton & Mary Copper purchase from Carrie Settle Kemper
1909 W. I. and May Marsteller purchase from Coopers
1911 Louie and James May purchase from Marstellers
1914 Harvey and Olive Nichols purchase from May & May
1916 Louie May purchases from Nichols
1918 Amos and Martha Kendall purchase from May
1926 W. T. Harris purchases from Kendalls
1929 John Rixey-Smith purchases from Harris
1932 Dorothy and Arthur Radford purchase from Rixey-Smith
1944 Herbert and Claire Weiller purchase from Dorothy Radford
1944 Ellanor C. Lawrence purchase from Weillers, consolidating with property north of Rocky Run
Natural resources
Nestled in Virginia’s Piedmont region, Ellanor C. Lawrence Park contains oak-hickory and cedar forests, streams, meadows and a pond that help support the local ecosystem. Streams inside the park, including Big Rocky Run, Walney Creek, and Round Lick Run, drain into the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. Native animals can be found inside the park including a robust number of reptiles and amphibians, 133 document species of birds, and more than 30 species of mammals including white-tailed deer and coyotes. More than 300 plant species have been identified. A complete list of the plants and animals found inside the park can be found on the park’s website.
References
Agricultural Census for Fairfax County, Virginia, 1880, National Archives, Washington. D.C.
Fairfax News, January 8, 1875, http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/library_newsindex/NewsImage.aspx?title=FairfaxNews&newsDate=1/8/1875&pageNumber=3
Mauro, Charles V. The Battle of Chantilly (Ox Hill): A Monumental Storm. Fairfax, Virginia: Fairfax County History Commission, 2002.
Elizabeth Brown Pryor. Walney: Two Centuries of a Northern Virginia Plantation. Fairfax, VA: Office of Comprehensive Planning, 1984.
Eugenia B. Smith. Centreville, Virginia: Its History and Architecture. Fairfax, VA: Fairfax County Board of Supervisor, 1973.
"Ellanor C. Lawrence Park, Natural History", http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/parks/eclawrence/natural_history.htm
External links
Ellanor C. Lawrence Park - Fairfax County Park Authority
Parks in Fairfax County, Virginia
Nature centers in Virginia |
23577353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leycester%20Creek | Leycester Creek | The Leycester Creek, a perennial stream of the Richmond River catchment, is located in Northern Rivers region in the state of New South Wales, Australia.
Location and features
Leycester Creek rises below Lofts Pinnacle on the southern extremity of Tweed Range about east by north of Green Pigeon Mountain, in remote country, north northwest of Nimbin. The river flows generally south and then east, joined by three tributaries including Back Creek, before reaching its confluence with the Wilsons River at the town of Lismore. The river descends over its course.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers of New South Wales (L-Z)
List of rivers of Australia
References
External links
Northern Rivers
Rivers of New South Wales
Richmond Valley Council |
20478333 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamil%20Saidov | Kamil Saidov | Kamil Saidov (born 25 January 1989) is a Tajikistani footballer who plays for Barki Tajik. He is a member of the Tajikistan national football team in the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign.
Career
In January 2014, Saidov joined FC Istiklol, going on to make 15 league appearances and scoring 7 goals, before leaving the club in December of the same year.
On 14 August 2016, Saidov scored five-goals for Khosilot Farkhor in their 6–0 victory over Khayr Vahdat.
Career statistics
International
Statistics accurate as of match played 5 October 2016
International goals
Honours
Club
Regar-TadAZ
AFC President's Cup (1): 2009
Istiklol
Tajikistan Higher League (1): 2014
Tajikistan Cup (1): 2014
Tajik Supercup (1): 2014
International
Tajikistan
AFC Challenge Cup (1): 2006
Notes
References
External links
1989 births
Living people
Tajikistani footballers
Tajikistan international footballers
FC Istiklol players
Footballers at the 2006 Asian Games
Association football forwards
Asian Games competitors for Tajikistan
Tajikistan Higher League players |
17337855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mints%20of%20Scotland | Mints of Scotland | There were a number of mints in Scotland, for the production of the Scottish coinage. The most important mint was in the capital, Edinburgh, which was active from the reign of David I (1124–1153), and was the last to close, in the 19th century.
Carlisle was probably the first Scottish mint in 1136. According to Bateson, David I began to mint coins after capturing the city. Mints at Bamburgh and Corbridge in Northumberland, under the control of David's son Henry, Earl of Northumberland, later returned to English control. Under Alexander III (1249–1286) there were 16 mints. In the reign of James IV (1488–1513), the sole mint was located at Edinburgh. After this time, the only other active mint was at Stirling, where bawbees were minted under Queen Mary.
Minting ceased in Scotland in 1709 when the Edinburgh Mint produced its last batch of coins at the end of the 1707–1710 Scottish recoinage, although it retained its permanent officials (though not other staff) for a further hundred years, until 1814. The mint was finally abolished in 1817 and sold in 1830. The title of 'Governor of the Mint of Scotland', which passed to the Chancellor of the Exchequer under the Coinage Act 1870, was finally abolished with the passing of the Coinage Act 1971.
Mints
References
Bibliography
Donald Bateson. Scottish Coins. Shire Publications Ltd., Bucks, 1987,
James Mackay – John Mussel (eds.): Coin Price Guide to British coins, Token Publishing Ltd, Axminster, Devon
Ian Halley Stewart. The Scottish Coinage, Spink & Son, London, 1955
Currencies of Scotland
Economic history of Scotland
Coins of Scotland
Scotland |
23577354 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Murray%20River%20%28New%20South%20Wales%29 | Little Murray River (New South Wales) | Little Murray River (New South Wales), an anabranch of the Murray River and part of the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the western Riverina region of south western New South Wales, Australia.
The river rises northwest of Barham in New South Wales and flows generally northwest before reaching its confluence with the Murray River near Gonn Crossing in Victoria. Little Murray River and the Murray River enclose Campbells Island, that forms part of the Campbells Island State Forest.
See also
List of rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers of Australia
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Murray-Darling basin |
17337857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matri | Matri | Matri may refer to:
Matri (mountain), in the Himalayas
Matri (biblical figure), ancestor of Saul, the first King of Israel
Alessandro Matri (born 19 August 1984), Italian footballer
MATRI could mean monoamine transporter reuptake inhibitor |
44503279 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994%20Alcorn%20State%20Braves%20football%20team | 1994 Alcorn State Braves football team | The 1994 Alcorn State Braves were an NCAA Division I-AA football team who represented Alcorn State University. They participated in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). The Braves were led by head coach Cardell Jones and quarterback and Walter Payton Award winner Steve McNair. The Braves finished the regular season with a record of 8–2–1; tying them for first place in the SWAC with Grambling State and earning a spot in the I-AA playoffs, where they fell in the first round to eventual national champion Youngstown State by a final score of 63–20. Grambling, as the conference's top seed, represented the SWAC in the Heritage Bowl.
Regular season
Quarterback Steve McNair seemed to break the record for most records broken in 1994 as well as also winning the Walter Payton Award (Most outstanding I-AA Offensive player) and becoming only the second and most recent I-AA Player to earn a trip to New York City for presentation of the Heisman Trophy, (The only other one being Jerry Rice) Which, in 1994 was awarded to Colorado's Rashaan Salaam.
Schedule
References
Alcorn State
Alcorn State Braves football seasons
Southwestern Athletic Conference football champion seasons
Alcorn State Braves football |
23577357 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katsuyuki%20Masuchi | Katsuyuki Masuchi | is a Japanese judoka. His wife, Chiyori is bronze medalist of Olympic Games in 1992.
Masuchi is from Tsu, Mie. He began judo at the age of a 10 and after graduation from Tsukuba University, He belonged to Marunaka and Nippon Steel.
He became Asian champion of openweight category in 1994, 1997. He also participated All-Japan Judo Championships 13 times, and the record is the most in history.
As of 2009, Masuchi coaches judo at his alma mater, Tsukuba University, where he previously studied as an undergraduate.
References
Japanese male judoka
People from Mie Prefecture
1970 births
Living people
Asian Games medalists in judo
Judoka at the 1994 Asian Games
Asian Games gold medalists for Japan
Medalists at the 1994 Asian Games
Universiade medalists in judo
Universiade gold medalists for Japan
Medalists at the 1995 Summer Universiade |
20478345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle%20Heat | Muscle Heat | is a 2002 Japanese action film directed by Ten Shimoyama. The film stars Kane Kosugi, Show Aikawa, Masaya Kato, and Naoto Takenaka. In the film, an ex-Navy SEAL attempts to bring down a criminal organization that is benefitting from a dangerous drug called "Blood Heat." Muscle Heat was theatrically released in Japan on October, 26, 2002.
Plot
In the year 2009, CPO Joe Jinno (Kane Kosugi), a former U.S. Navy SEAL is sitting in a military jail cell in Roanoke, Virginia. Japanese detective Aguri Katsuragi (Show Aikawa) has gotten amnesty for Jinno, whose refusal to kill terrorists because the enemies he found were scared children had him court martialed. Two months later, Jinno was tasked by U.S. Secretary of Defense to join an undercover mission with Katsuragi to stop the circulation of Blood Heat, a new drug on the market that acts as a super steroid. The man in charge of the drug's circulation, Lai Kenjin (Masaya Kato), has set up the Muscle Dome, an underground fight ring where his champion, Lee Son-Min (Ken Lo), uses Blood Heat and goes through his opponents with ease.
At a local nightclub, a deal is about to be made between Kenjin and Russian drug dealers ( Robert Baldwin). However, Joe and Aguri are able to stop the deal from happening. They are unable to stop Kenjin as he escapes and Aguri ends up kidnapped. That night, Joe looks at a big screen TV and finds Aguri in the Muscle Dome, where he is viciously beaten by Lee and is crucified. Lai gets a visit from his Chinese half-brother Lai Kenkyo, whom he hopes can make a merger to distribute Blood Heat. The next day, Joe finds Kenjin's place and begins to make his way through Kenjin's men. When Kenkyo refuses to help his brother, Kenjin murders his brother by impaling a chopstick through his mouth. Joe fights hard against Kenjin's men in the hallway leading to Kenjin's apartment. However, Kenjin escapes by helicopter and Joe is busted by female cop Ayane Katsuragi, Aguri's sister. While in custody, Joe makes his escape and even knocks out Ayane in the process.
The next day, Ayane finds Joe again but this time she is not alone. With the cops hot on his trail, Joe jumps off a bridge and lands on a cargo ship. Ayane is warned by her superior, Asakura, that Joe is a "walking weapon" and that he may be involved with the circulation of Blood Heat. Meanwhile, Joe rescues a young girl named Haruka, whose father turns out to be the creator of Blood Heat and was forced to continue making it by Kenjin. As Haruka and Joe make their way to escape, they find a reluctant group of youngsters underground. The youngsters are revealed to be orphans whose parents were victims of Kenjin, whether it was Blood Heat or losing major bets at the Muscle Dome. The leader of the "rats" is the mysterious Ken (Noboru Kaneko), who refuses to help Joe and Ayane, who learns of everything that has transpired and decides to help. However, when Joe is caught by Kenjin and refuses an offer to work for him, Joe finds himself in the Muscle Dome against Lee.
To give him motivation, the video of Aguri's death is played at the Muscle Dome. In a fit of rage, Joe begins to unleash his skills on Lee, eventually knocking him down. Lee takes Blood Heat and seems to get the upper hand. However, the fight is interrupted by Ken, who decided not only to help but had planted bombs within the confines of the Muscle Dome. Ken appears on the big screen in the dome and tells Kenjin of all he had done and makes various areas explode. However, despite the chaos, Lee continues to fight Joe until Joe finally is able to kill Lee. Ayane learns Asakura was also in cahoots with Kenjin and a scuffle resorts to Ayane gunning down Asakura. Meanwhile, Joe follows Kenjin to an abandoned parking garage, where Lee reveals he wanted Joe because he knows that anger is the driving force to kill someone. Joe and Lee, who has taken Blood Heat, begin to fight using sledge hammers but soon find themselves fighting bare-handed. The two stand off and lunge kick at each other, where just before the hit is made, we get a narration from Joe.
A dark figure walks out of the garage and it is revealed to be Joe as Kenjin is seen dead on the ground. Joe meets with the "rats" and Ayane as they celebrate the end of Blood Heat. When Ken asks Joe who he is, Joe, who had not smiled throughout the film, finally releases a smirk before the credits roll.
Cast
Production
The story for the film was created by Ushio Higuchi, the creator of the popular show Sasuke, known to American audiences as Ninja Warrior. Higuchi had come up with the story with Kane Kosugi, who at the time was not only an actor, but a competitor in a few of the Sasuke competitions. Music video director Ten Shimoyama made his feature film directorial debut with this film. In an age where CGI would replace action, action director Sam Wong revealed at the press conference that he wanted to bring a new style of action for Kane Kosugi, who had become influenced with Hong Kong's style of action. The film would be shot mostly in English and Japanese, but have a few scenes in Cantonese with the appearances of Jackie Chan Stunt Team member Ken Low and the late Hong Kong actor Joe Lee, who plays Kenjin's half-brother.
Stunts
The action scenes were choreographed by two men from Jackie Chan's stunt team, Chan Man Ching (Rumble in the Bronx, Rush Hour), and Sam Wong (Thunderbolt, Supercop). Chan, who befriended Kane due to Kane's friendship with Jackie's godson Sammy Hung (the son of film legend Sammo Hung), loaned Chan and Wong out for the film along with fellow stunt team member Antonio Carpio, who served as assistant action director. A translator was assigned to both men. Kane Kosugi performed all of his own stunts.
Reception/U.S. release
Despite not being released in North American theaters, the film received reviews from American critics. High Impact Reviews awarded the film a solid 4 stars out of 4, calling it a "MUST-SEE Japanese action-er!" Netflix.com called it an "Intense pulse pounding action film". Upon the film's release in the United States, it was re-titled Blood Heat, named after the drug constantly referenced in the movie. Some international DVDs also renamed the film Blood Heat upon release while others kept the film's original title.
Soundtrack
The film was composed by Kōji Endō. The R&B band Full Of Harmony (F.O.H.) contributed their song Casino Drive to the film's ending credits.
Notes
References
External links
Muscle Heat (2002) on Youtube
2002 films
Films directed by Ten Shimoyama
Japanese films
Japanese action films
Japanese-language films
2002 action films
Japanese martial arts films
Martial arts tournament films
Underground fighting films
American action films
American films
Japanese sports films |
17337861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Surtees | Jack Surtees | John Surtees (1 July 1911 – 16 July 1992) was an English professional footballer whose career lasted from 1931 until 1939. He played for Middlesbrough, Portsmouth, Bournemouth and Boscombe Athletic, Sheffield Wednesday and Nottingham Forest. Surtees was an inside forward who made 156 League appearances plus 15 in the F.A. Cup, scoring 36 goals.
Playing career
Early days
Surtees was born in Willington Quay, Wallsend, Northumberland and played football for Percy Main Amateurs in the Northern Football Alliance before as a 20-year-old he was signed by Division One side Middlesbrough. He only made one appearance in the 1931–32 season before he moved to Portsmouth for the following season. Once again Surtees only made one appearance for the south coast club before moving to Bournemouth and Boscombe Athletic of the Third Division South in an exchange deal involving Surtees and John Friar going to Bournemouth and Len Williams moving in the opposite direction. He established himself in a struggling Bournemouth team playing 21 times in the 1933–34 season, at the end of which the club had to apply for re-election.
Surtees changed teams once again for the 1934–35 season, joining Northampton Town in May 1934 but he had an unhappy time at the County Ground failing to make a first team appearance. So discontented was Surtees with his football career at this point that he agreed a release from his contract with Northampton and arranged to emigrate to North America. However his brother Albert, who had played at Aston Villa in 1924 with Sheffield Wednesday boss Billy Walker managed to arrange a months trial for Surtees at Hillsborough.
Sheffield Wednesday
Surtees arrived at Hillsborough in November 1934 and contrary to his earlier career, his fine form was an eye-opener, so much so that he was given a first team chance on Christmas Day 1934 in a 2–0 home victory against Birmingham City when Ronnie Starling was rested. Surtees retained his place, even though Starling returned to the side with Harry Burgess losing his position in the team after a fall out with the manager. Surtees played all but one of the remaining 28 matches that season, including six FA Cup ties as Wednesday won the trophy at Wembley. Surtees lost his place in the Wednesday side in early 1936 with the emergence of a young Jackie Robinson and was transferred to Nottingham Forest in October 1936 for a fee of £2,500.
Later career
Surtees stayed with Forest until the outbreak of World War II playing regularly in a side which were struggling at the wrong end of the Second Division playing 96 games in all competitions. During the war he played occasionally for Forest and also as a guest for York City until he was appointed manager of Darlington in May 1942 for a brief period. In November 1948 he returned to Sheffield Wednesday in a scouting capacity, a position he held until 1960. Jack Surtees died on 16 July 1992, aged 81.
Managerial statistics
References
1911 births
People from Willington Quay
1992 deaths
English footballers
Association football forwards
Percy Main Amateurs F.C. players
Middlesbrough F.C. players
Portsmouth F.C. players
AFC Bournemouth players
Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players
Nottingham Forest F.C. players
English football managers
Darlington F.C. managers
Northampton Town F.C. players
FA Cup Final players |
23577358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Nymboida%20River | Little Nymboida River | Little Nymboida River, a perennial stream of the Clarence River catchment, is located in the Northern Rivers and Northern Tablelands districts of New South Wales, Australia. It flows through the village of Lowanna.
Course and features
Little Nymboida River rises on the western slopes of Bushmans Range, on the slopes of the Great Dividing Range, east of Ulong, near Lowanna. The river flows in a meandering course generally north then southwest then northwest, joined by two tributaries including the Bobo River, before reaching its confluence with the Nymboida River, west of Black Mountain, within the Nymboida National Park. The river descends over its course.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Northern Rivers
Northern Tablelands |
23577360 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Plains%20River | Little Plains River | The Little Plains River, a perennial river of the Snowy River catchment, is located in the Snowy Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The Little Plains River is formed by the confluence of the Queensborough River and the Bendoc River near the locality of Bendoc Upper, south southeast of Delegate. The river flows generally north northeast and west northwest, joined by three minor tributaries before reaching its confluence with the Delegate River near Balgownie, between Delegate and Bombala. The river descends over its course.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers of New South Wales (L-Z)
List of rivers of Australia
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Snowy Mountains |
23577368 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Run%20Creek | Little Run Creek | The Little Run Creek is a river of the state of New South Wales in Australia.
See also
List of rivers of Australia
References
Rivers of New South Wales |
44503282 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%20end-of-year%20rugby%20union%20internationals | 2000 end-of-year rugby union internationals | The 2000 end-of-year tests, known in the northern hemisphere as the 2000 Autumn Internationals, was a series of international rugby union matches played in November and December 2000. The hosts were Six Nations Championship countries England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland, Wales, and Southern Hemisphere side Argentina. Argentina also participated as a touring side, along with Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, Romania, Samoa, South Africa and the USA.
France and New Zealand contested the Dave Gallaher Trophy for the first time, in a two-match series. New Zealand took a 1–0 series lead in the first match at the Stade de France in Paris, with France levelling the series after a 42–33 win in Marseille – the first ever test match in the Stade Vélodrome. New Zealand won the trophy on account of their higher aggregate score over the two matches.
The match between England and Australia saw the Six Nations champions play the Tri-Nations champions. England won thanks to an injury-time try by Dan Luger, and claimed the Cook Cup for the first time. It was England's first victory over Australia in the professional era.
Days later, England's players went on strike over a dispute with the Rugby Football Union over pay. This nearly led to coach Clive Woodward selecting a second-choice squad for the following weekend's match against Argentina, but the disagreement was ultimately resolved and the strike ended in time for the affected players to be selected.
Matches
Week 1
First test match between Scotland and the United States.
Week 2
Australia retain the Hopetoun Cup.
Week 3
England win the Cook Cup.
Series drawn 1–1. New Zealand won the inaugural Dave Gallaher Trophy.
Week 4
Week 5
References
2000
2000–01 in European rugby union
2000 in Oceanian rugby union
2000 in North American rugby union
2000 in South American rugby union
2000 in South African rugby union
2000–01 in Japanese rugby union |
23577369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Weir%20River | Little Weir River | The Little Weir River, an anabranch of the Barwon River within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the South Downs district of Queensland and the Orana district of New South Wales, Australia.
The river leaves Barwon River, north of Mungindi, Queensland, and flows generally south-west, before reaching its confluence with the Barwon River, near Moyan, in New South Wales; descending over its course.
See also
List of rivers of New South Wales
Rivers of Queensland
Border Rivers
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Murray-Darling basin |
23577371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jus%20disponendi | Jus disponendi | Jus disponendi, in the civil law, refers to the right of disposing (of a thing owned, i.e. it is an attribute of dominium, or ownership). An expression used either:
generally, to signify the right of alienation, as historically a married woman would be deprived of the jus disponendi over her separate estate;
specially, in the law relating to sales of goods, where it is often a question whether the vendor of goods has the intention of reserving to himself the jus disponendi; i. e., of preventing the ownership from passing to the purchaser, notwithstanding that he (the vendor) has parted with the possession of the goods.
See also
Ius
References
Black's Law Dictionary (Second Edition 1910) (public domain)
Latin legal terminology |
44503295 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermilacinia%20ligulata | Vermilacinia ligulata | Vermilacinia ligulata is an infrequent lichen found along the foggy Pacific Coast of Baja California in rock-walled narrow arroyos, on rocky peninsulas and on ridges within the Northern Vizcaíno Desert region, ranging from Punta Cono to just north of Punta Canoas, and along the east coast of Cedros Island. The species was first collected in May 1985 in the southern part of the northern peninsula of Baja California, about 100 km north of Guerrero Negro, 400 meters inland from the ocean on rocky walls with a northern exposure in a narrow estuary. The type is from the same locality but collected one year later, 19 May 1986.
Distinguishing features
Vermilacinia ligulata is distinguished by its thallus divided into relatively few basal branches, generally less than 10, although it may appear to have more by its gregarious habit, and by lacking a blackened base, not reaching more than 3 cm in height, appearing strongly crinkled and twisted with wavy branch margins (when dry), and by having lichen substances of triterpenes, referred to as T1 and T2, along with zeorin and (-)-16 α-hydroxykaurane; T3, which occurs in most related species, was not noted. Salazinic acid and usnic acid were also not reported.
The branches are often partly tubular near base, and strap shaped above, initially creeping along the substrate for a short distance before ascending upwards, and frequently divided more or less in a digitate (palmate) fashion. The overall appearance is much like Niebla contorta as exemplified by the image of its type from near Bahía Asunción. These species are distinguished by the presence or absence of chondroid strands in the medulla, and by their chemistry, N. contorta has divaricatic acid and triterpenes not found in Vermilacinia.
Taxonomic History
Vermilacinia ligulata is only known from collections made by Richard Spjut during the years 1985–1996. Peter Bowler and Janet Marsh included the species, along with five others of Vermilacinia, under their Niebla laevigata,) which is regarded a synonym of V. laevigata. Vermilacinia laevigata differs by its larger thallus that often has blackened parts, is more uniformly compressed with blade-like branches that are mostly simple, and by the presence of the T3 compound, instead of the T1 and T2 triterpenes, and
is geographically confined to the California Floristic Province. The triterpenes of V. ligulata, commonly referred to as T1 and T2 by their Rf values on thin-layer chromatography plates, have formulas of C30H50O2 (T1) and C30H50OO (T2) as determined by mass spectrometry of a sample of V. reptilioderma. They are known from several other species, all endemic to the central region of Baja California.
References
External links
World Botanical Associates, Vermilacinia subgenus Vermilacinia, retrieved 24 Nov 2014, http://www.worldbotanical.com/vermilacinia_subgenus_vermilacin.htm
Ramalinaceae
Lichens
Lichens described in 1996 |
23577375 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maclaughlin%20River | Maclaughlin River | The Maclaughlin River, a perennial river of the Snowy River catchment, is located in the Monaro region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The Maclaughlin River rises on the southern slopes of the Great Dividing Range approximately south southeast of Nimmitabel. The river flows generally west and then southwest, joined by two minor tributaries, before reaching its confluence with the Snowy River approximately south by west of Mount Rix. The river descends over its course, flowing through Merriangaah Nature Reserve.
In its upper reaches, the Maclaughlin River is crossed by the Monaro Highway near Nimmitabel.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers of New South Wales (L-Z)
List of rivers of Australia
References
Rivers of New South Wales |
44503296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thea%20Fleming | Thea Fleming | Thea Fleming (also Flemming; born 1942 in Sittard) is a Dutch film actress who spent much of her career in Italy, sometimes credited as Isabella Biancini. She started her career in 1960 as the Dutch Brigitte Bardot. Besides her career as an actress and photo model she also starred in and directed several fotonovelas.
Fleming has a brother in the Netherlands.
Selected filmography
1960 From a Roman Balcony (uncredited)
1961 Letto a tre piazze – Thea (uncredited)
1961 Mariti a congresso
1963 I mostri – Marilina street walker (segment "Vernissage", uncredited)
1963 Il Successo
1963 Taur, il re della forza bruta – Illa
1964 I marziani hanno 12 mani
1965 Operation Counterspy
1965 Salome '73
1966 Our Man in Casablanca – Ingrid van Heufen
1966 Mondo pazzo... gente matta! – Anna (Maurizio's fiancée)
1967 The Million Dollar Countdown – Huguette
1969 Kill Rommel! -Woman auxiliary
1972 Come fu che Masuccio Salernitano, fuggendo con le brache in mano, riuscì a conservarlo sano
References
External sources
1942 births
Living people
20th-century Dutch actresses
Dutch film actresses
People from Sittard |
23577377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammy%20Johnsons%20River | Mammy Johnsons River | Mammy Johnsons River, a mostly perennial river of the Mid-Coast Council system, is located in the Mid North Coast and Upper Hunter regions of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Mammy Johnsons River rises on the southwestern slopes of the Great Dividing Range, below Winns Mountain, north northwest of Bulahdelah, and flows generally north, west and south, joined by four tributaries including Wards River, before reaching its confluence with the Karuah River north northwest of Stroud. The river descends over its course.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers in New South Wales (L-Z)
List of rivers of Australia
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Mid-Coast Council
Rivers of the Hunter Region |
44503384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20W.%20Agnes%20Jr. | Peter W. Agnes Jr. | Judge Peter W. Agnes Jr. (born April 12, 1950) is a former justice of the Massachusetts Appeals Court as an Associate Justice, having been appointed by Governor Deval Patrick in 2011 and serving until reaching the mandatory retirement age of 70 in 2020. In addition to being an active member of the legal community in providing "…service on numerous Supreme Judicial Court and Bar Association committees, commissions[,]…task forces, [et al.]…," Justice Agnes has also been passionate about education, having taught at the Massachusetts School of Law for the past fifteen years, and continuing to do so currently. Agnes presently resides in Wayland, MA with his wife Eileen Agnes (a family law attorney). They have four children and three grandchildren, boasting a passionate relationship with their extensive family outside of their legal careers.
Early life and education
Born and raised in Somerville, MA, he spent his undergraduate career at Boston University, from which he graduated in 1972 cum laude, and subsequently attended Suffolk University Law School, graduating (again, cum laude) in 1975 with his Juris Doctor. Immediately upon entering the legal world, Justice Agnes was hired as a law clerk under New Hampshire Supreme Court Justice Edward Lampron. From 1976 through 1982, he served an Assistant District Attorney in two districts: Middlesex County (MA), — becoming Chief of the Appellate Division there — and Norfolk County (MA). The remainer of his pre-judicial career consisted of serving as "…both the Assistant Secretary for Public Safety and Acting Director of the Massachusetts Criminal Justice Training Council," for the next three years, and then "Chief of Operations for Governor Michael Dukakis until 1991."
Justice Agnes presided over the final competition of the 2010 Massachusetts Bar Association's Mock Trial Program, held at Faneuil Hall in Boston, among two of his legal peers. It is likely that his ongoing public affiliation with various legal committees, associations, and task groups has had more of an influence than anything with which he may have been engaged during his time at Suffolk Law.
Judicial career
Justice Agnes's judicial career has been both meaningful and exemplary. Appointed to the Charlestown District Court in 1991 by Governor Michael Dukakis, — likely as the result of the time he spent working under Dukakis as his Chief of Operations — Agnes remained there for nine years. There have been no notable, publicized rulings of Agnes' during his time at the district court. During this nine-year period, Justice Agnes built his respectable, yet very local reputation among his peers — a reputation which soon led to a promotion.
The majority of Agnes' legal career has been spent on the Worcester Superior Court in Massachusetts, to which he was appointed in 2000 by then-Governor Paul Cellucci. It was on this seat that Justice Agnes molded his reputation, as Worcester Superior Court Judge John McCann notes, "…as a judge who does not shy away from 'the tough calls' and is fair and thoughtful in all his rulings". One such case involves a 59-year-old man twice convicted of child rape. Loran D. Scott, admitting, during a jury-waived trial in front of Judge Agnes, that he was "likely to re-offend if released from custody" due to "a long-standing substance abuse problem," and recurring "sexual 'thoughts and fantasies.'" Admitting, among other things, psychological evaluations — which ultimately diagnosed Scott with schizophrenia and a personality disorder — Justice Agnes found that Scott is a "sexually dangerous person as defined by the law" and committed him to the Massachusetts Treatment Center for Sex Offenders. Straight interpretation and appropriate rulings in cases such as these were what elevated Agnes' ability as a jurist in the eyes of his peers and in the eyes of those among the public who paid attention.
At his Governor's Council Appeals Court hearing, according to the Lawyers Weekly, “…the only sticking point that could defeat Agnes may be buried in a case filed in Worcester Superior Court in 2006. Where a couple attending the hearing … [stated] the judge ignored a Rule 59(e) motion to amend the judgment in their case, thus preventing a final decision and their subsequent right to appeal.” Councilor Mary-Ellen Manning told the couple that the council would investigate. Nothing significant was found.
It is worth noting that during his time on the Worcester Superior Court, Judge Agnes ultimately became a specialized Regional Administrative Justice, remaining as such for the remainder of his time there, and, further, that throughout that eleven-year period, Agnes was considered to be appointed to the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court — a position which he has yet to attain — on three separate occasions.
In 2011 Agnes left the Worcester Superior Court, having been appointed to the state Appeals Court by Governor Deval Patrick. In what seemed to have been "the most intensive questioning of a judicial nominee in the past 10 years," according to Governor's Council member Marilyn Devaney, Judge Agnes was confirmed to the state Appeals Court, on which he currently serves. Admitting that becoming an appellate judge was "'something that I've had an interest in for a long time,'" Agnes described himself as having "'mixed feelings'" and that he had built a passionate connection with Worcester over the past eleven years, which, despite the promotion, he hoped to preserve.
Awards and honors
Justice Agnes was the recipient of the Order of St. Michael the Archangel Award for the year 2011 from the Massachusetts Association of Italian-American Police Officers, being recognized "with distinction as the President of the Massachusetts Judges Association, the President of the Justinian Law Society of Massachusetts, the Chairman of the Board of the Dante Alighieri Society, and [as being] one of the founders of October as Italian-American Heritage Month." Agnes's late father, Peter W. Agnes Sr., was a retired police officer — Lieutenant Colonel — of the Massachusetts State Police, and to whom Judge Agnes ascribes the basis for the development of his own values and his active service to the public.
References
1950 births
People from Somerville, Massachusetts
Living people
Boston University alumni
Suffolk University Law School alumni
Judges of the Massachusetts Appeals Court |
23577382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mann%20River%20%28New%20South%20Wales%29 | Mann River (New South Wales) | Mann River, a perennial stream of the Clarence River catchment, is located in the Northern Rivers district of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Mann River rises at Llangothlin Lake, on the slopes of the Great Dividing Range, near Ben Lomond and flows generally north north east, east, north east and north, joined by four tributaries including the Nymboida River, Henry River and Yarrow River, before reaching its confluence with the Clarence River, southwest of Baryulgil. The river descends over its course; and flows through the Mann River Nature Reserve.
The river is believed to be named in honour of Samuel Furneaux Mann, who held a squatting licence for a short time in the region northwest of Glen Innes.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Northern Rivers |
17337877 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mika%20Helkearo | Mika Helkearo | Mika Helkearo (born October 4, 1960) is a retired professional ice hockey player. He was born in Forssa, Finland.
Helkearo is best known from his tenure in Finnish First Division team FPS where he posted 817 points in 580 First Division games.
Helkearo's records are being considered virtually unbreakable and he holds the records for most Mestis/1. Divisioona games, most Mestis/1. Divisioona assists and most Mestis/1. Divisioona points as Håkan Hjerpe, the only one who is even close to Helkearo's numbers has the record for most Mestis/1. Divisioona goals (317 goals).
Cause of this, Helkearo is called "Divarin Gretzky", Gretzky of the First Division, as a nod to famous National Hockey League player Wayne Gretzky, who has big numbers on his all-time stats for NHL.
Helkearo also played in the top league of Finland, the SM-liiga where he played two seasons for HIFK, 1981–82 and 1982–83, one season for HPK, 1983–84 and a single game for Jokerit in 1993–94 season.
Helkearo retired in 1996. Helkearo was 36 years of age when he retired.
Helkearo's Jersey number 15 has been retired by FPS.
Career statistics
References
1960 births
Living people
People from Forssa
FoPS players
Jokerit players
HIFK (ice hockey) players
HPK players
Finnish ice hockey forwards
Sportspeople from Kanta-Häme |
23577383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland%20River | Maryland River | Maryland River is a watercourse of the Clarence River catchment in the Northern Tablelands district of New South Wales, Australia. Its upper reaches run close to the border between New South Wales and Queensland.
Course and features
Formed through the confluence of Maryland Creek and Ruby Creek, Maryland River rises on the slopes of the Great Dividing Range, near Maryland, and flows generally northeast and then southeast, joined by four minor tributaries before reaching its confluence with the Boonoo Boonoo River to form the Clarence River, east of Rivertree. The river descends over its course; and flows through the Maryland National Park in its upper reaches.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Northern Tablelands |
17337879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Euphrates%20%281866%29 | HMS Euphrates (1866) | HMS Euphrates was an iron-hulled troopship of the Euphrates class. She was designed for the transport of British troops to India, and launched in the River Mersey on 24 November 1866 by Laird Brothers of Birkenhead. She was the fourth and last Royal Navy ship to bear the name.
Design
Euphrates was one of five iron-hulled vessels of the Euphrates class. All five were built to a design of 360 ft overall length by about 49 ft breadth, although Malabar was very slightly smaller than the rest of the class. They had a single screw, a speed of 14 knots, one funnel, a barque-rig sail plan, three 4-pounder guns, and a white painted hull. Her bow was a "ram bow" which projected forward below the waterline.
History
She was operated by the Royal Navy to transport up to 1,200 troops and family from Portsmouth to Bombay. The return trip via the Suez canal normally took 70 days. Her two-cylinder single-expansion steam engines were replaced in 1873 with a more efficient but less powerful 2-cylinder compound-expansion engine, giving her a reduced top speed under steam of about .
On 28 February 1870, she was damaged in a collision with the British merchant ship Bates Family at Bombay, India. On 6 February 1892, she collided with the German steamer Gutenfels in the Suez Canal. Gutenfels suffered several broken plates and some damage to her upperworks.
Fate
She was sold to I Cohen in Portsmouth on 23 November 1894 and resold to Henry Castle and Son for breaking in August 1895.
References
External links
Personal description, Alnod Studd of 15th Hussars, 1876
Diary of voyage, J S Waterhouse, Green Howards, 1870
Questions in the House of Commons, 1872 - HMS Euphrates
Troop ships of the Royal Navy
Euphrates-class troopships
Victorian-era naval ships of the United Kingdom
Ships built on the River Mersey
1866 ships |
23577384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997%E2%80%9398%20Libyan%20Premier%20League | 1997–98 Libyan Premier League | Statistics of Libyan Premier League for the 1997–98 season.
Overview
It was contested by 16 teams, and Al Tahaddy Benghazi won the championship.
League standings
References
Libya - List of final tables (RSSSF)
Libyan Premier League seasons
1
Libya |
23577386 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medway%20Rivulet | Medway Rivulet | The Medway Rivulet is a river of the state of New South Wales in Australia. It is a tributary of the Wingecarribee River.
See also
List of rivers of Australia
References
Rivers of New South Wales |
17337880 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Fairless | Jack Fairless | Jack Fairless was manager of the English football club Darlington from 1928 to 1933.
Managerial statistics
External links
Darlington F.C. managers
Year of death missing
Year of birth missing
English football managers |
17337881 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimonita%20Station | Shimonita Station | is a passenger railway station in the town of Shimonita, Gunma, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Jōshin Dentetsu.
Lines
Shimonita Station is a terminal station of the Jōshin Line and is 33.7 kilometers from the opposing terminus of the line at .
Station layout
The station consists of a single bay platform serving four tracks, connected to the station building by a level crossing.
Adjacent stations
History
Shimonita Station opened on 8 September 1897.
Surrounding area
Shimonita Town Hall
Shimonita Post Office
See also
List of railway stations in Japan
External links
Jōshin Dentetsu
Burari-Gunma
Railway stations in Gunma Prefecture
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1897
Shimonita, Gunma |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.