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360_2	During 1826 the West-Harris House, later nicknamed Ambassador House, was built near the White River at present-day 96th Street and Allisonville Road in Fishers. The home was moved to its present-day site at 106th Street and Eller Road in 1996. Addison C. Harris (1840–1916), a prominent Indianapolis lawyer and former member of the Indiana Senate (1876 to 1880), acquired the property in 1880 and had the home remodeled and enlarged around 1895. Harris and wife, India Crago Harris (1848–1948), used the home as a summer residence. Its nickname of Ambassador House relates to Addison Harris's diplomatic service (1899 to 1901) as U.S. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Austria-Hungary during President William McKinley's administration. The restored Ambassador House is located on the grounds of Heritage Park at White River in Fishers and is operated as a local history museum and a site for community events and private rentals.
360_3	In 1849, construction began on the Peru & Indianapolis Railroad, extending from Indianapolis to Chicago. The railroad brought several people to the area then known as "Fisher's Switch". In 1872, Fisher's Switch, also known as "Fishers Station", was platted by Salathial Fisher at the present-day intersection of 116th Street and the railroad. Indiana's General Assembly incorporated Fisher's Station in 1891. The William Conner House and West-Harris House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. 20th century In 1908, the post office changed the name of Fishers Switch to "Fishers" by dropping "Switch."
360_4	After William Conner's death in 1855, his family farm became a place of interest. The Hamilton County Historical Society placed a marker on the site of the William Conner farm in 1927. Eli Lilly, then head of Eli Lilly and Company, purchased William Conner's farm in 1934 and began restoring it. In 1964, Lilly asked Earlham College to oversee the Conner farm, now known as Conner Prairie. In 1943, the Indianapolis Water Company constructed Geist Reservoir in order to prevent a deficit in Indianapolis's water supply. They believed that Fall Creek and the White River would not keep up with the demand for water in Indianapolis. In the 1970s, the company wanted to triple the size of the lake, but the plan was rejected in 1978 and homes began to spring up around the reservoir.
360_5	The Fishers population grew slowly to 344 by the 1960 census when rail shipment declined. Per township referendums in 1961, the town provided planning services for Delaware and Fall Creek Townships and approved residential zoning for most of the undeveloped area in the two townships. The relocation of State Road 37 to the east side of town and the connection with Interstate 69 ensured the future growth of Fishers as a commercial and residential center. The town of Fishers would soon become a fast-growing suburb of Indianapolis. Fall Creek Township became the site of a consolidation of area schools when Hamilton Southeastern High School was formed in the 1960s. In 1989 the town's population reached 7,000 and the first Freedom Festival was held. The festival has been held every year since then.
360_6	The Thomas A. Weaver Municipal Complex opened as Fishers' civic and government center in 1992. The complex is home to the Fishers City Hall, the police and fire department headquarters buildings, the Fishers Post Office, the Hamilton County Convention and Visitor's Bureau, and the Fishers Chamber of Commerce. Eventually, a library and an office of the Indiana Bureau of Motor Vehicles were added. This is still the center of government in Fishers.
360_7	21st century The 2000 census reported the population of Fishers at almost 38,000. With the town's affordable homes, growing economy, and proximity to Indianapolis and Interstate 69, the growth in Fishers was tremendous. In 2003 the town of Fishers requested a special census from the U.S. Census Bureau to accurately measure the rapid population growth since 2000. This census would put the town's population at 52,390, a 38 percent increase from the 2000 census. Since then much of the government's resources have been devoted to building parks, maintaining roads, and managing the rapid growth of the town. In 2005, after a controversy over alleged mismanagement, Conner Prairie formally split from Earlham College, becoming an independent corporation.
360_8	In January 2009, the Geist United Opposition conceded a four-year legal battle with Fishers over the involuntary annexation of the contiguous, unincorporated area around Geist Reservoir. This allowed Fishers to annex and incorporate this area of 2,200 homes on January 2, 2010, and to begin taxing it in 2011. This increased Fishers' population by about 5,500, making the town the eighth-largest community in Indiana. In 2012, Fishers constructed a multipurpose trail in the downtown district and an amphitheater in the Thomas A. Weaver Municipal Complex. That November, the town announced the details of a major development project in the heart of downtown. The $33 million pedestrian-oriented, mixed-use development on the north side of 116th Street, just west of Municipal Drive, broke ground in mid-2013 and was scheduled to be completed in 2015. City controversy In 1998, a referendum to change Fishers from a town to a city was rejected by 75% of the town's voters.
360_9	In 2008, a group named CityYes began collecting petition signatures for a voter referendum on the question of whether or not to become a city. The town appointed a 44-member citizen study committee to review the benefits and drawbacks of a change of government type. In December 2010, the Fishers Town Council approved two referendum questions: whether or not to become a traditional city with an elected mayor and traditional city council or a modified city with a mayor elected by and from the expanded nine-member city council. The latter would have also merged the governments of Fishers and Fall Creek Township. In the referendum held November 6, 2012, voters rejected the merger with Fall Creek Township to become a modified city with an appointed mayor 62% to 37%, while approving a change to a traditional "second-class city", with an elected mayor 55% to 44%.
360_10	Law and government Despite its large size, Fishers, unlike nearby Noblesville and Carmel, retained the status of a town for several years. Until 2012, Fishers used a council–manager government with a seven-member town council and a clerk-treasurer, all elected at-large for four years. The town council held both legislative and executive powers while the clerk-treasurer was responsible for financial matters. The council elected a council president (the final president being John Weingardt) and vice president yearly. The council employed and oversaw a town manager responsible for municipal personnel, budget, and day-to-day operations of the town government.
360_11	After the changes approved in the November 2012 referendum, the town became a "second-class city", with an elected mayor, city clerk and nine-member city council. on January 1, 2015, following the election of the new officers in the 2014 general election. Scott Fadness, who had been the last town manager, was elected the new city's first mayor. Demographics According to a 2007 estimate, the median income for a household in the town was $86,518, and the median income for a family was $103,176. Males had a median income of $58,275 versus $37,841 for females. The per capita income for the town was $31,891. 1.8% of the population and 1.1% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 1.6% of those under the age of 18 and 0.9% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
360_12	The city's homeownership rate was 81.9% with an average of 2.77 people per household. 14.1% of Fishers’ housing units were multi-unit structures. Residents had an average travel time of 23.1 minutes to work each day. Fishers also has one of the lowest unemployment rates in the state at 4.5%. As of the census of 2010, there were 76,794 people, 27,218 households, and 20,404 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 28,511 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 85.6% White, 5.6% African American, 0.2% Native American, 5.5% Asian, 1.1% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.4% of the population.
360_13	There were 27,218 households, of which 48.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.1% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 25.0% were non-families. 19.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.31. The median age in the town was 33.2 years. 33% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 34.4% were from 25 to 44; 22.1% were from 45 to 64; and 5.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.6% male and 51.4% female. Geography
360_14	Location Fishers is located in the southeast corner of Hamilton County at 39°57'22" North, 86°0'46" West (39.956177, −86.012754), along the West Fork of the White River. It is bordered to the west by Carmel, to the north by Noblesville, to the east by the town of Ingalls and unincorporated land in Madison County, to the southeast by Fortville, McCordsville and unincorporated land in Hancock County, and to the south by the city of Indianapolis in Marion County. The center of Fishers is northeast of downtown Indianapolis. According to the 2010 census, Fishers has a total area of , of which (or 93.72%) is land and (or 6.28%) is water.
360_15	Climate Fishers has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification). Summers in Fishers are hot and humid with temperatures regularly in the 85 °F range. Autumns and springs in Fishers have very comfortable temperatures normally around 70 °F, but springs have much less predictable weather and drastic temperature changes are common. Winters are cold and filled with snow and ice storms. During winter, temperatures are normally around 35 °F and often dip below 20 °F at night. Economy Top employers According to the city's 2020 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:
360_16	Transportation Fishers is located along Interstate 69. The city currently has four exits off the interstate. Fishers is northeast of downtown Indianapolis and from the Interstate 465 loop which connects Interstate 69 with Interstate 65, which runs northwest to Chicago and southward to Louisville; Interstate 70, running east to Columbus and southwest to St. Louis; and Interstate 74, running northwest towards Danville, and southeast towards Cincinnati. State Road 37 runs directly through Fishers, connecting Fishers with several other Indiana cities and towns. Fishers has a general aviation airport, the Indianapolis Metropolitan Airport (KUMP). Indianapolis International Airport is located on the opposite side of Indianapolis from Fishers, about distant.
360_17	Fishers does not have direct service from IndyGo, the regional bus service. Fishers is featured in the first phase of the Indianapolis mass transit plan, featuring a light rail system that will run from downtown Indianapolis through Fishers to Noblesville. The roads in Fishers are mostly new and well-maintained. 116th Street won the American Concrete Pavement Association Main Street Award in 2006. A number of the town's four-way stops are being replaced by roundabouts. On April 10, 2012, the town of Fishers announced a $20 million investment in the 2012 "Drive Fishers" initiative; an effort that will focus on areas in Fishers that have had a history of high-traffic volume, such as 96th Street and Allisonville Road, State Road 37, and Fall Creek Road in Geist. Education The city is part of the Hamilton Southeastern School District, a district serving almost 21,000 students.
360_18	Fishers's quickly growing population has created a need for a similar growth in the number of schools within the Hamilton Southeastern School District as well as additions to existing schools. In 1996 there were four elementary schools, one middle school, one junior high school, and one high school. With the openings of Riverside School and Fishers High School in the 2006–2007 school year and Thorpe Creek Elementary in the 2008–2009 school year, the school district has twelve elementary schools, three intermediate schools, three junior high schools and two high schools.
360_19	The two high schools in the district are Hamilton Southeastern High School and Fishers High School. An investment of $10,000,000 was made in Fishers High School and Hamilton Southeastern High School's state-of-the-art College and Career Academy additions, allowing students to experience a more relaxed, college campus-like experience. The glass classroom walls located in the new addition slide open to extend the classroom into the common area. The thirteen elementary schools are Brooks School Elementary, Cumberland Road Elementary, Durbin Elementary, Fall Creek Elementary, Fishers Elementary, Geist Elementary, Harrison Parkway Elementary, Hoosier Road Elementary, Lantern Road Elementary, New Britton Elementary, Sand Creek Elementary, Thorpe Creek Elementary, and Southeastern Elementary. Each school averages about 1,000 students in attendance.
360_20	The four intermediate schools, which students attend through fifth and sixth grade are Fall Creek Intermediate, Riverside Intermediate, Sand Creek Intermediate, and Hamilton Southeastern Intermediate. The four junior highs, which students attend through seventh and eighth grade, are Fishers Junior High, Hamilton Southeastern Junior High, Riverside Junior High, and Fall Creek Junior High. Fishers also has several private schools, including Community Montessori School (PK-5), St. Louis de Montfort (PK-8), and Eman Schools (PK-12). Additional private schools are located in surrounding communities. Culture
360_21	Recreation
360_22	One attraction in Fishers is Geist Reservoir, offering activities like fishing and waterskiing. The reservoir is located south of the Hamilton Town Center shopping complex and the downtown area of Fishers. There are many golf courses around Fishers. Fishers was named the second Best Under-rated Golf Community in U.S. by Livability in 2010. Fishers is home to Symphony on the Prairie, a summer concert series that takes place at Conner Prairie, presented by the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra. The city also offers a free summer concert series behind the Fishers Government Center, in the refurbished Nickel Plate District where an amphitheater was built in 2012. Fishers Music Works, an umbrella organization for smaller music performance ensembles, was created in spring 2013, offering a wide range of free and ticketed concerts, performed by Fishers residents and local talent. The Parks and Recreation Department hosts outdoor movie nights at the amphitheater as well as holiday events.
360_23	Fishers is located near the Ruoff Home Mortgage Music Center in Noblesville, which hosts concerts.
360_24	Fairs Fishers has two annual festivals: Spark!Fishers and the Fishers Renaissance Faire.
360_25	Spark!Fishers takes place every year at the end of June, right before Independence Day. A few annual traditions of the festival are a parade, a 5k run/walk and a fireworks show. There are art and food vendors and game booths. The festival is located at Roy G. Holland Memorial Park. In January 2018, it was announced that the City of Fishers would being Spark!Fishers.
360_26	The Fishers Renaissance Faire, presented by the Sister Cities Association of Fishers, has been held annually since 2005. It is held the first week end in October on the grounds of the Saxony development. Its purpose is to celebrate the Sister City relationship of Fishers with Billericay, England. The fair features jousting, pirate shows, magicians, jesters, minstrels, a queen-complete with her royal court, a period village, authentic period/parody staged entertainment, period art and craft vendors, a wide variety of food and beverages, and scripted interactions amongst the cast of 150 authentic, legendary, and historic characters throughout the entire fair. Children's activities are provided by the Fishers Kiwanis and Key Clubs.
360_27	Parks and conservation Fishers is home to over a dozen parks and nature preserves. The Fishers Trail & Greenway System has more than available for use.
360_28	Billericay Park was named after the town's sister town of Billericay in Essex, England. The park has eight youth baseball fields, a multi-use trail through Billericay Woods, a playground, and a splash pad with a picnic facility. Brooks School Park is a park that has an ADA accessible playground for children, a multipurpose trail, a large athletic field, and a basketball court. Cheeney Creek Natural Area includes the Cheeney Creek Greenway and a natural area. Cumberland Park has soccer fields, a trail along the Mud Creek Greenway, a disc golf course, and a community building. Cyntheanne Park has five multipurpose athletic fields as well as natural areas, two playground areas, and trails. Eller Fields are two lighted youth baseball fields and a playground.
360_29	Fishers Heritage Park at White River is home to the Historic Ambassador House and Heritage Gardens. More than 170 years ago, a two-story log house was built on what is now the northwest corner of 96th Street and Allisonville Road; this is now known as the Ambassador House. It was carefully cut into two sections and moved to its current location in Heritage Park (106th Street and Eller Road) on November 19, 1996. Flatfork Creek Park is a new park, slated for opening in fall 2014. Hamilton Proper Park is a park. Harrison Thomas Park is a multi-use park featuring three baseball fields, three soccer fields, a playground, and a 3/4 mile trail. Hoosier Woods is a small forest. Mudsock Fields contains three lighted football fields. Olio Fields is home to several softball fields.
360_30	Ritchey Woods Nature Preserve is approximately : are an Indiana State Designated Nature Preserve, and the remaining are under a conservation easement governed by the Department of Natural Resources. The preserve offers five trails totaling . Cheeney Creek passes through the north end of the property. Roy G. Holland Memorial Park is the site of the Fishers Freedom Festival. The park also has soccer, baseball, and softball fields, sand volleyball courts, basketball courts, woods, picnic areas, and a community building. Wapihani Nature Preserve is a nature preserve located along the White River in Fishers. It was purchased with White River Restoration Trust funds in early 2006 by the Central Indiana Land Trust. Riverside Middle School is located immediately south of the property. The property is available for students to utilize as an outdoor educational laboratory.
360_31	Young people in Fishers have taken leadership roles in teaching elementary students about the environment, in developing a climate change resolution for the city council, and in recycling efforts. Notable people Race car driver Michael Andretti and wife Jodi Ann Paterson reside in Fishers.
360_32	Famous athletes who currently live in Fishers include Gary Harris of the Orlando Magic; Gordon Hayward of the Charlotte Hornets; Malcolm Brogdon, Chris Duarte and Justin Holiday of the Indiana Pacers and NFL players Evan Baylis; and Jeremy Chinn of the Carolina Panthers. Famous athletes who have lived in Fishers include former Indiana Pacers players Reggie Miller, Austin Croshere, and Dahntay Jones; Zach Randolph of the Memphis Grizzlies; ;former Atlanta Hawks player Alan Henderson; Taya Reimer of the Michigan State Spartans; Zak Irvin of the Michigan Wolverines; NFL player Rosevelt Colvin, formerly of the Houston Texans, Chicago Bears and New England Patriots; Randy Gregory of the Dallas Cowboys; Joe Reitz of the Indianapolis Colts; former Colts defensive line coach John Teerlinck; former San Diego Padres player Tony Gwynn; former professional wrestler Kevin Fertig, and Cleveland Indians pitcher Justin Masterson.
360_33	Sister city Fishers is twinned with the town of Billericay, Essex, United Kingdom. Billericay Park is named after the sister city. References Sources External links City of Fishers official website Cities in Hamilton County, Indiana Populated places established in 1891 Indianapolis metropolitan area 1891 establishments in Indiana Cities in Indiana
361_0	Na Young-seok (born April 15, 1976) is a South Korean television producer and director. Na is best known for producing the popular variety-reality shows 1 Night 2 Days, New Journey to the West, Grandpas Over Flowers, Three Meals a Day, Youn's Kitchen, Youn's Stay and their spin-offs. Career 1 Night 2 Days Na Young-seok majored in Public Administration at Yonsei University. In 2001, he joined KBS and began his career as an assistant director in the network's variety department, then was promoted to producer/director.
361_1	Na made his breakthrough in 2007 with 1 Night 2 Days, which introduced the road trip format to Korean reality programming, as a regular cast of comedians, singers and actors visit various towns across Korea and spend the eponymous one night and two days there, engaging in activities such as games, camping and sightseeing. Starring Kang Ho-dong, Lee Soo-geun, Eun Ji-won, Kim Jong-min, Noh Hong-chul, and Ji Sang-ryeol (Kim C, Lee Seung-gi, MC Mong and Uhm Tae-woong later joined the cast), 1 Night 2 Days quickly became the highest rated variety program on KBS and a national viewing pastime, reaching a peak viewership rating of 40%. The show not only boosted tourism for the locations it featured, its massive popularity also extended to its cast and even the crew. Because Na often appeared onscreen during interactions with the cast, he himself soon became a household name among Korean audiences, who affectionately called him "Na PD" ("PD" is a commonly used term in Korean television that
361_2	denotes "producer-director" or "production director").
361_3	He also developed another KBS program in 2012, The Human Condition, in which six comedians (Kim Jun-hyun, Kim Joon-ho, Heo Kyung-hwan, Yang Sang-guk, Jung Tae-ho and Park Seong-ho) live together for seven days under certain restrictions, such as without gadgets, electricity, or water. Na produced the four-episode pilot. Na resigned from KBS on December 18, 2012, after working for the broadcaster for 12 years. His departure and that of other cast members marked the end of the first season of 1 Night 2 Days (episodes 1–232); the second season was launched with a new crew and additional new cast members. The Human Condition also continued airing without Na's involvement.
361_4	Grandpas Over Flowers On January 2, 2013, Na signed with media conglomerate CJ E&M, which owns cable channels such as tvN. CJ E&M had reportedly wooed him with not just a bigger salary, but the assurance of greater creative control and clout. Na said, "I determined that there is more room for creativity (in cable). Things move at a fast pace. The programs come and go as does the attention of viewers. So we are forced to try different things."
361_5	For his first cable program, Na again chose the concept of travel, but this time overseas. In an increasingly youth-obsessed medium and culture, he surprised pundits by casting four actors in their seventies: Lee Soon-jae, Shin Goo, Park Geun-hyung and Baek Il-seob. Since backpacking was mostly associated with the young, Na wanted to flip the idea and make it fresh. He said that by placing veteran actors (who are fixed in their habits) in exotic settings, it allowed for "unexpected" elements to unfold that made for great TV. Titled Grandpas Over Flowers (a pun on the Japanese manga Boys Over Flowers), the show filmed the four actors traveling to France and Switzerland while accompanied by their "porter", 40-something actor Lee Seo-jin. It was immediately a ratings hit when it aired in 2013, and like 2 Days & 1 Night before it, became a cultural phenomenon. The cast drew increased mainstream popularity among the younger generation, and the show sparked a trend of senior citizen-themed
361_6	shows among rival networks. tvN also leveraged the show's domestic popularity into international success, selling remake rights to China and the United States. When asked why the show struck a chord with audiences, Na said, "It's because older people with a lot of experience, have lots of stories to tell. When you travel with people with a lot of experience who have gone through the success and failures in life, you learn a lot from them."
361_7	With the success of Grandpas Over Flowers following 2 Days & 1 Night, Na cemented his reputation as the most influential creator and producer in Korean reality television. The next seasons were filmed in Taiwan (2013), Spain (2014), and Greece (2015). Actress Choi Ji-woo joined the cast for the Greece trip. Sisters Over Flowers, Youth Over Flowers While Grandpas Over Flowers went on hiatus in late 2013 (the cast was busy with their respective acting projects), Na produced the first spin-off, Sisters Over Flowers. Using the same format, he cast a group of top actresses (Youn Yuh-jung, Kim Ja-ok, Kim Hee-ae and Lee Mi-yeon) and pushed them out of their comfort zone as they traveled to Croatia. The show also reunited Na with 2 Days & 1 Night alum Lee Seung-gi, who acted as this season's "porter".
361_8	The second spin-off, which aired in 2014 after the Spain season of Grandpas Over Flowers, was Youth Over Flowers. It featured singer-songwriters Yoon Sang, You Hee-yeol and Lee Juck in Peru, and Reply 1994 actors Yoo Yeon-seok, Son Ho-jun and Baro in Laos. Na only directed the Peru segments, while Reply 1994 director Shin Won-ho filmed in Laos. Both spin-offs likewise drew high ratings for cable. The series later spawned three more seasons; which were filmed in Iceland, Africa (featuring the cast of Reply 1988) and Australia (featuring boy band Winner). Na also made cameo appearances on two tvN scripted series. As a meta in-joke about his real-life alma mater, he played a boarder from Yonsei University in episode 2 of the nostalgic campus drama Reply 1994. Reply 1994's director Shin Won-ho and screenwriter Lee Woo-jung had previously worked with Na on 2 Days & 1 Night. Then as a favor to Lee Soon-jae, Na played a police officer in episode 66 of Lee's sitcom Potato Star 2013QR3.
361_9	Three Meals a Day
361_10	After Youth Over Flowers, Na wanted to continue to innovate. Inspired by Lee Seo-jin's complaints that he hated cooking while preparing meals in Grandpas Over Flowers, Na cast Lee opposite his Wonderful Days co-star Ok Taecyeon in Three Meals a Day. The two men were tasked to cook three meals a day from home-grown ingredients while living three days a week in a rural village in Jeongseon County, Gangwon Province. Though the concept seemed simple, Lee and Ok, both city dwellers, had difficulty cultivating the vegetable garden and harvesting from the farm animals and the sorghum field, such that they struggled to feed themselves (and weekly celebrity guests) to comical results. Na said, "All cooking shows do not have to feature fancy, delicious food. We seek the sincerity that comes from cooking with all their hearts. I just wanted to work on a lighthearted show that can highlight the small pleasures of life. I wanted to talk about a meal that is made with vegetables from my garden and
361_11	have these two guys share their homely foods with their friends. The main concept is that it is a cooking show but with no mouth-watering foods because these two guys can't cook."
361_12	For the second season in 2015, Na added a third cast member, Kim Kwang-kyu. The show's difficulty level was increased with an additional four-month project depicting the process of growing food, from cultivation to harvest (the cast was strictly prohibited from grocery shopping). Na said, "Nature itself is incredible. I wanted to show the audience how hard it is to harvest the materials for our daily meals that can now be easily purchased at supermarkets near our homes."
361_13	Three Meals a Day: Fishing Village In 2015, Na produced the spin-off Three Meals a Day: Fishing Village, set on the remote island of Manjae, which takes six hours to reach by ferry from the mainland. Besides the isolated location, the seaside setting meant more intensive physical labor for cast members Cha Seung-won, Yoo Hae-jin, and Son Ho-jun (Son replaced Jang Keun-suk when Jang was edited out of the show after a tax evasion controversy). Viewers were impressed with Cha's cooking skills amidst minimal ingredients and implements (hence his nickname "Chajumma"), and the show received a record-high 14.2% rating. Season 1 had a winter setting, while the second season was filmed in the summer. For the show's third season, Na added a new member, Nam Joo-hyuk. The location was switched from a fishing village to Gochang, where the members take on rice-farming for the first time.
361_14	The show resumed its "fishing village" concept in the next season, which was filmed in Deukryang island. It stars an entirely new cast which includes a returning Lee Seo-jin alongside Yoon Kyun-sang and Eric Mun from Shinhwa. Viewers were impressed by Eric Mun, who showed unexpected cooking skills and fishing expertise.
361_15	Na later said that his rural upbringing in Cheongju, North Chungcheong Province influenced his work ("I'm the perfect opposite of trendy and sophisticated"), and that he specializes in reality shows because he "can take a story from anyone" by editing footage given to him by cameramen and making any story out of it. He said, "Everyone has their own personality and their view on life, which naturally creates stories when they are put together with other people. [...] The viewer ratings can always decline. I don't want to make a fancy reality show where I just think about the ratings. I want to keep my tone when I make a reality show." Three Meals a Day: Sea Ranch The show's seventh season, was filmed in Deungnyangdo, a remote island near the sea. Unlike its previous concept where members had to grow and cook their own food, the show featured a more laid-back concept where members were tasked to deliver fresh milk from mountain goats to the people on the island.
361_16	New Journey to the West
361_17	Na then reunited with his former 2 Days & 1 Night stars Lee Seung-gi, Kang Ho-dong, Eun Ji-won and Lee Soo-geun, as the quartet took on characters from the 16th century classic Chinese novel Journey to the West and traveled for five days through Xi'an, once the capital of China during the Tang Dynasty. New Journey to the West was the first project of tvN Go (the cable channel's digital content brand), and it was unprecedented for a variety show to be distributed solely through online streaming (on the web portals Naver TV Cast and QQ). Instead of the usual one-hour episode length, each uploaded video clip lasted from five to ten minutes, and the Internet provided freedom from broadcast television's restrictions, such as a ban on indirect advertising of certain brands and adult language (including references to the tax evasion and illegal gambling controversies Kang and Lee, respectively, had been involved in). The show was a success with over 42 million views on Naver TV Cast and 10
361_18	million views on Chinese portal site QQ.
361_19	The second season of the show was filmed in Chengdu, which included a new cast member Ahn Jae-hyun (replacing Lee Seung Gi who left for military conscription). Aside from airing on online platforms, the show was now aired on cable channel tvN. It garnered over 100 million views in China. The third season of the show, added boy band members Kyuhyun and Song Min-ho and was filmed in Guilin. The fourth season of the show was filmed in Vietnam. The fifth season was filmed in Hong Kong with a new member P.O (Pyo Ji-hoon Block B). Then, it is continuously aired the sixth season that was filmed in Hokkaido. Ahn Jae-hyun was not shown in the seventh season due to his personal family issue, this season was all filmed in South Korea
361_20	Youn's Kitchen In 2017, Na decided to introduce a new program which focuses on a group of South Korean celebrities (Youn Yuh-jung, Lee Seo-jin , Park Seo-joon and Jung Yu-mi) operating a small Korean cuisine restaurant on a small island overseas. Season 1 was filmed in Indonesia; while Season 2 was filmed in Spain. Na said that the show aims to fulfill people's fantasy of running a mom-and-pop restaurant in a foreign country. The series was a huge success, with its second season garnering 16% ratings, a record high for an entertainment show on a cable channel. It also helped spread a social trend among young Koreans of trying to break away from a lifestyle devoted to work and money and embracing the motto YOLO ("You Only Live Once"). Kang's Kitchen Kang's Kitchen is a spin-off of Na's other program New Journey to the West, which features the cast running a pork cutlet restaurant on Jeju Island.
361_21	Trivia Also known as the dictionary of useless knowledge, is a show that's already in its third season, airing on Tvn, official site. Little Cabin in the Woods After the success of Youn's Kitchen, Na was allowed to create a program of his own choice. Na thus decided to create a documentary-formatted program which follows two celebrities' (So Ji-sub and Park Shin-hye) off-grid lives in a house in the middle of the woods in Jeju Island; out of reach of technology and people. There, the cast members are required to fill their day by completing missions and doing such basic chores as cooking, making a fire and chopping firewood. Na explained that he created the show to show busy people in the cities that there is a slow-paced and more leisurely way of life. In line with his philosophy of creating his previous programs, Little Cabin in the Woods was created on the premise that TV viewers take great comfort by watching celebrities living slow-paced, peaceful lives. Filmography Ref:
361_22	As assistant director As producer-director Acting cameos Books PD, Who & How (2005; co-author)Anyway, the Race Is Long'' (2012) Awards References External links Living people 1976 births South Korean television producers South Korean television directors South Korean television personalities Yonsei University alumni
362_0	In signal processing, multidimensional discrete convolution refers to the mathematical operation between two functions f and g on an n-dimensional lattice that produces a third function, also of n-dimensions. Multidimensional discrete convolution is the discrete analog of the multidimensional convolution of functions on Euclidean space. It is also a special case of convolution on groups when the group is the group of n-tuples of integers. Definition Problem statement and basics Similar to the one-dimensional case, an asterisk is used to represent the convolution operation. The number of dimensions in the given operation is reflected in the number of asterisks. For example, an M-dimensional convolution would be written with M asterisks. The following represents a M-dimensional convolution of discrete signals: For discrete-valued signals, this convolution can be directly computed via the following:
362_1	The resulting output region of support of a discrete multidimensional convolution will be determined based on the size and regions of support of the two input signals. Listed are several properties of the two-dimensional convolution operator. Note that these can also be extended for signals of -dimensions. Commutative Property: Associate Property: Distributive Property: These properties are seen in use in the figure below. Given some input that goes into a filter with impulse response and then another filter with impulse response , the output is given by . Assume that the output of the first filter is given by , this means that: Further, that intermediate function is then convolved with the impulse response of the second filter, and thus the output can be represented by: Using the associative property, this can be rewritten as follows: meaning that the equivalent impulse response for a cascaded system is given by:
362_2	A similar analysis can be done on a set of parallel systems illustrated below. In this case, it is clear that: Using the distributive law, it is demonstrated that: This means that in the case of a parallel system, the equivalent impulse response is provided by: The equivalent impulse responses in both cascaded systems and parallel systems can be generalized to systems with -number of filters. Motivation and applications
362_3	Convolution in one dimension was a powerful discovery that allowed the input and output of a linear shift-invariant (LSI) system (see LTI system theory) to be easily compared so long as the impulse response of the filter system was known. This notion carries over to multidimensional convolution as well, as simply knowing the impulse response of a multidimensional filter too allows for a direct comparison to be made between the input and output of a system. This is profound since several of the signals that are transferred in the digital world today are of multiple dimensions including images and videos. Similar to the one-dimensional convolution, the multidimensional convolution allows the computation of the output of an LSI system for a given input signal.
362_4	For example, consider an image that is sent over some wireless network subject to electro-optical noise. Possible noise sources include errors in channel transmission, the analog to digital converter, and the image sensor. Usually noise caused by the channel or sensor creates spatially-independent, high-frequency signal components that translates to arbitrary light and dark spots on the actual image. In order to rid the image data of the high-frequency spectral content, it can be multiplied by the frequency response of a low-pass filter, which based on the convolution theorem, is equivalent to convolving the signal in the time/spatial domain by the impulse response of the low-pass filter. Several impulse responses that do so are shown below.
362_5	In addition to filtering out spectral content, the multidimensional convolution can implement edge detection and smoothing. This once again is wholly dependent on the values of the impulse response that is used to convolve with the input image. Typical impulse responses for edge detection are illustrated below. In addition to image processing, multidimensional convolution can be implemented to enable a variety of other applications. Since filters are widespread in digital communication systems, any system that must transmit multidimensional data is assisted by filtering techniques It is used in real-time video processing, neural network analysis, digital geophysical data analysis, and much more. One typical distortion that occurs during image and video capture or transmission applications is blur that is caused by a low-pass filtering process. The introduced blur can be modeled using Gaussian low-pass filtering. Row-column decomposition with separable signals Separable signals
362_6	A signal is said to be separable if it can be written as the product of multiple one-dimensional signals. Mathematically, this is expressed as the following: Some readily recognizable separable signals include the unit step function, and the dirac-delta impulse function. (unit step function) (dirac-delta impulse function) Convolution is a linear operation. It then follows that the multidimensional convolution of separable signals can be expressed as the product of many one-dimensional convolutions. For example, consider the case where x and h are both separable functions. By applying the properties of separability, this can then be rewritten as the following: It is readily seen then that this reduces to the product of one-dimensional convolutions: This conclusion can then be extended to the convolution of two separable M-dimensional signals as follows:
362_7	So, when the two signals are separable, the multidimensional convolution can be computed by computing one-dimensional convolutions. Row-column decomposition The row-column method can be applied when one of the signals in the convolution is separable. The method exploits the properties of separability in order to achieve a method of calculating the convolution of two multidimensional signals that is more computationally efficient than direct computation of each sample (given that one of the signals are separable). The following shows the mathematical reasoning behind the row-column decomposition approach (typically is the separable signal): The value of can now be re-used when evaluating other values with a shared value of :
362_8	Thus, the resulting convolution can be effectively calculated by first performing the convolution operation on all of the rows of , and then on all of its columns. This approach can be further optimized by taking into account how memory is accessed within a computer processor.
362_9	A processor will load in the signal data needed for the given operation. For modern processors, data will be loaded from memory into the processors cache, which has faster access times than memory. The cache itself is partitioned into lines. When a cache line is loaded from memory, multiple data operands are loaded at once. Consider the optimized case where a row of signal data can fit entirely within the processor's cache. This particular processor would be able to access the data row-wise efficiently, but not column-wise since different data operands in the same column would lie on different cache lines. In order to take advantage of the way in which memory is accessed, it is more efficient to transpose the data set and then axis it row-wise rather than attempt to access it column-wise. The algorithm then becomes: Separate the separable two-dimensional signal into two one-dimensional signals and
362_10	Perform row-wise convolution on the horizontal components of the signal using to obtain Transpose the vertical components of the signal resulting from Step 2. Perform row-wise convolution on the transposed vertical components of to get the desired output
362_11	Computational speedup from row-column decomposition Examine the case where an image of size is being passed through a separable filter of size . The image itself is not separable. If the result is calculated using the direct convolution approach without exploiting the separability of the filter, this will require approximately multiplications and additions. If the separability of the filter is taken into account, the filtering can be performed in two steps. The first step will have multiplications and additions and the second step will have , resulting in a total of or multiplications and additions. A comparison of the computational complexity between direct and separable convolution is given in the following image:
362_12	Circular convolution of discrete-valued multidimensional signals The premise behind the circular convolution approach on multidimensional signals is to develop a relation between the Convolution theorem and the Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) that can be used to calculate the convolution between two finite-extent, discrete-valued signals. Convolution theorem in multiple dimensions
362_13	For one-dimensional signals, the Convolution Theorem states that the Fourier transform of the convolution between two signals is equal to the product of the Fourier Transforms of those two signals. Thus, convolution in the time domain is equal to multiplication in the frequency domain. Mathematically, this principle is expressed via the following:This principle is directly extendable to dealing with signals of multiple dimensions. This property is readily extended to the usage with the Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) as follows (note that linear convolution is replaced with circular convolution where is used to denote the circular convolution operation of size ): When dealing with signals of multiple dimensions:The circular convolutions here will be of size . Circular convolution approach
362_14	The motivation behind using the circular convolution approach is that it is based on the DFT. The premise behind circular convolution is to take the DFTs of the input signals, multiply them together, and then take the inverse DFT. Care must be taken such that a large enough DFT is used such that aliasing does not occur. The DFT is numerically computable when dealing with signals of finite-extent. One advantage this approach has is that since it requires taking the DFT and inverse DFT, it is possible to utilize efficient algorithms such as the Fast Fourier transform (FFT). Circular convolution can also be computed in the time/spatial domain and not only in the frequency domain. Choosing DFT size to avoid aliasing Consider the following case where two finite-extent signals x and h are taken. For both signals, there is a corresponding DFT as follows: and The region of support of is and and the region of support of is and .
362_15	The linear convolution of these two signals would be given as:Given the regions of support of and , the region of support of will then be given as the following: Based on the regions of support of the two signals, a DFT of size must be used where and since the same size DFT must be used on both signals. In the event where a DFT size larger than the extent of a signal is needed, the signal is zero-padded until it reaches the required length. After multiplying the DFTs and taking the inverse DFT on the result, the resulting circular convolution is then given by: for The result will be that will be a spatially aliased version of the linear convolution result . This can be expressed as the following: Then, in order to avoid aliasing between the spatially aliased replicas, and must be chosen to satisfy the following conditions:
362_16	If these conditions are satisfied, then the results of the circular convolution will equal that of the linear convolution (taking the main period of the circular convolution as the region of support). That is: for Summary of procedure using DFTs The Convolution theorem and circular convolution can thus be used in the following manner to achieve a result that is equal to performing the linear convolution: Choose and to satisfy and Zero pad the signals and such that they are both in size Compute the DFTs of both and Multiple the results of the DFTs to obtain The result of the IDFT of will then be equal to the result of performing linear convolution on the two signals Overlap and add
362_17	Another method to perform multidimensional convolution is the overlap and add approach. This method helps reduce the computational complexity often associated with multidimensional convolutions due to the vast amounts of data inherent in modern-day digital systems. For sake of brevity, the two-dimensional case is used as an example, but the same concepts can be extended to multiple dimensions. Consider a two-dimensional convolution using a direct computation: Assuming that the output signal has N nonzero coefficients, and the impulse response has M nonzero samples, this direct computation would need MN multiplies and MN - 1 adds in order to compute. Using an FFT instead, the frequency response of the filter and the Fourier transform of the input would have to be stored in memory. Massive amounts of computations and excessive use of memory storage space pose a problematic issue as more dimensions are added. This is where the overlap and add convolution method comes in.
362_18	Decomposition into smaller convolution blocks Instead of performing convolution on the blocks of information in their entirety, the information can be broken up into smaller blocks of dimensions x resulting in smaller FFTs, less computational complexity, and less storage needed. This can be expressed mathematically as follows: where represents the x input signal, which is a summation of block segments, with and . To produce the output signal, a two-dimensional convolution is performed: Substituting in for results in the following: This convolution adds more complexity than doing a direct convolution; however, since it is integrated with an FFT fast convolution, overlap-add performs faster and is a more memory-efficient method, making it practical for large sets of multidimensional data.
362_19	Breakdown of procedure Let be of size : Break input into non-overlapping blocks of dimensions . Zero pad such that it has dimensions () (). Use DFT to get . For each input block: Zero pad to be of dimensions () (). Take discrete Fourier transform of each block to give . Multiply to get . Take inverse discrete Fourier transform of to get . Find by overlap and adding the last samples of with the first samples of to get the result.
362_20	Pictorial method of operation In order to visualize the overlap-add method more clearly, the following illustrations examine the method graphically. Assume that the input has a square region support of length N in both vertical and horizontal directions as shown in the figure below. It is then broken up into four smaller segments in such a way that it is now composed of four smaller squares. Each block of the aggregate signal has dimensions . Then, each component is convolved with the impulse response of the filter. Note that an advantage for an implementation such as this can be visualized here since each of these convolutions can be parallelized on a computer, as long as the computer has sufficient memory and resources to store and compute simultaneously.
362_21	In the figure below, the first graph on the left represents the convolution corresponding to the component of the input with the corresponding impulse response . To the right of that, the input is then convolved with the impulse response . The same process is done for the other two inputs respectively, and they are accumulated together in order to form the convolution. This is depicted to the left. Assume that the filter impulse response has a region of support of in both dimensions. This entails that each convolution convolves signals with dimensions in both and directions, which leads to overlap (highlighted in blue) since the length of each individual convolution is equivalent to: =
362_22	in both directions. The lighter blue portion correlates to the overlap between two adjacent convolutions, whereas the darker blue portion correlates to overlap between all four convolutions. All of these overlap portions are added together in addition to the convolutions in order to form the combined convolution . Overlap and save The overlap and save method, just like the overlap and add method, is also used to reduce the computational complexity associated with discrete-time convolutions. This method, coupled with the FFT, allows for massive amounts of data to be filtered through a digital system while minimizing the necessary memory space used for computations on massive arrays of data.
362_23	Comparison to overlap and add The overlap and save method is very similar to the overlap and add methods with a few notable exceptions. The overlap-add method involves a linear convolution of discrete-time signals, whereas the overlap-save method involves the principle of circular convolution. In addition, the overlap and save method only uses a one-time zero padding of the impulse response, while the overlap-add method involves a zero-padding for every convolution on each input component. Instead of using zero padding to prevent time-domain aliasing like its overlap-add counterpart, overlap-save simply discards all points of aliasing, and saves the previous data in one block to be copied into the convolution for the next block.
362_24	In one dimension, the performance and storage metric differences between the two methods is minimal. However, in the multidimensional convolution case, the overlap-save method is preferred over the overlap-add method in terms of speed and storage abilities. Just as in the overlap and add case, the procedure invokes the two-dimensional case but can easily be extended to all multidimensional procedures.
362_25	Breakdown of procedure Let be of size : Insert columns and rows of zeroes at the beginning of the input signal in both dimensions. Split the corresponding signal into overlapping segments of dimensions ()() in which each two-dimensional block will overlap by . Zero pad such that it has dimensions ()(). Use DFT to get . For each input block: Take discrete Fourier transform of each block to give . Multiply to get . Take inverse discrete Fourier transform of to get . Get rid of the first for each output block . Find by attaching the last samples for each output block . The helix transform Similar to row-column decomposition, the helix transform computes the multidimensional convolution by incorporating one-dimensional convolutional properties and operators. Instead of using the separability of signals, however, it maps the Cartesian coordinate space to a helical coordinate space allowing for a mapping from a multidimensional space to a one-dimensional space.
362_26	Multidimensional convolution with one-dimensional convolution methods To understand the helix transform, it is useful to first understand how a multidimensional convolution can be broken down into a one-dimensional convolution. Assume that the two signals to be convolved are and , which results in an output . This is expressed as follows: Next, two matrices are created that zero pad each input in both dimensions such that each input has equivalent dimensions, i.e. and where each of the input matrices are now of dimensions . It is then possible to implement column-wise lexicographic ordering in order to convert the modified matrices into vectors, and . In order to minimize the number of unimportant samples in each vector, each vector is truncated after the last sample in the original matrices and respectively. Given this, the length of vector and are given by: + +
362_27	The length of the convolution of these two vectors, , can be derived and shown to be: This vector length is equivalent to the dimensions of the original matrix output , making converting back to a matrix a direct transformation. Thus, the vector, , is converted back to matrix form, which produces the output of the two-dimensional discrete convolution. Filtering on a helix When working on a two-dimensional Cartesian mesh, a Fourier transform along either axes will result in the two-dimensional plane becoming a cylinder as the end of each column or row attaches to its respective top forming a cylinder. Filtering on a helix behaves in a similar fashion, except in this case, the bottom of each column attaches to the top of the next column, resulting in a helical mesh. This is illustrated below. The darkened tiles represent the filter coefficients.
362_28	If this helical structure is then sliced and unwound into a one-dimensional strip, the same filter coefficients on the 2-d Cartesian plane will match up with the same input data, resulting in an equivalent filtering scheme. This ensures that a two-dimensional convolution will be able to be performed by a one-dimensional convolution operator as the 2D filter has been unwound to a 1D filter with gaps of zeroes separating the filter coefficients. Assuming that some-low pass two-dimensional filter was used, such as: Then, once the two-dimensional space was converted into a helix, the one-dimensional filter would look as follows:
362_29	Notice in the one-dimensional filter that there are no leading zeroes as illustrated in the one-dimensional filtering strip after being unwound. The entire one-dimensional strip could have been convolved with; however, it is less computationally expensive to simply ignore the leading zeroes. In addition, none of these backside zero values will need to be stored in memory, preserving precious memory resources.
362_30	Applications Helix transformations to implement recursive filters via convolution are used in various areas of signal processing. Although frequency domain Fourier analysis is effective when systems are stationary, with constant coefficients and periodically-sampled data, it becomes more difficult in unstable systems. The helix transform enables three-dimensional post-stack migration processes that can process data for three-dimensional variations in velocity. In addition, it can be applied to assist with the problem of implicit three-dimensional wavefield extrapolation. Other applications include helpful algorithms in seismic data regularization, prediction error filters, and noise attenuation in geophysical digital systems. Gaussian convolution One application of multidimensional convolution that is used within signal and image processing is Gaussian convolution. This refers to convolving an input signal with the Gaussian distribution function.
362_31	The Gaussian distribution sampled at discrete values in one dimension is given by the following (assuming ):This is readily extended to a signal of M dimensions (assuming stays constant for all dimensions and ):One important property to recognize is that the M dimensional signal is separable such that:Then, Gaussian convolution with discrete-valued signals can be expressed as the following: Approximation by FIR filter Gaussian convolution can be effectively approximated via implementation of a Finite impulse response (FIR) filter. The filter will be designed with truncated versions of the Gaussian. For a two-dimensional filter, the transfer function of such a filter would be defined as the following: where Choosing lower values for and will result in performing less computations, but will yield a less accurate approximation while choosing higher values will yield a more accurate approximation, but will require a greater number of computations. Approximation by box filter
362_32	Another method for approximating Gaussian convolution is via recursive passes through a box filter. For approximating one-dimensional convolution, this filter is defined as the following: Typically, recursive passes 3, 4, or 5 times are performed in order to obtain an accurate approximation. A suggested method for computing r is then given as the following: where K is the number of recursive passes through the filter. Then, since the Gaussian distribution is separable across different dimensions, it follows that recursive passes through one-dimensional filters (isolating each dimension separately) will thus yield an approximation of the multidimensional Gaussian convolution. That is, M-dimensional Gaussian convolution could be approximated via recursive passes through the following one-dimensional filters:
362_33	Applications Gaussian convolutions are used extensively in signal and image processing. For example, image-blurring can be accomplished with Gaussian convolution where the parameter will control the strength of the blurring. Higher values would thus correspond to a more blurry end result. It is also commonly used in Computer vision applications such as Scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) feature detection. See also Convolution Kernel (image processing) Signal processing References Multidimensional signal processing
363_0	Divljana Monastery, also known as the Monastery of St. Demetrius, is a Serbian Orthodox monastery located near the village of Divljana and Divljana Lake, south of Bela Palanka, in the foothills of Suva Planina, above sea level. It is dedicated to St. Demetrius, who is celebrated on 8 November. The monastery was first built in 394 at this location, which became the property of the Mrnjavčević brothers at the end of the 13th century after the destruction of the monastery. In the monastery complex, there are records of ancient burials from the 4th century, some of which can be seen two of the capitals. Around 880, with the revival of Christianization, there were also new eparchies. Based on physical evidence and the Charter of the Byzantine emperor Basil II, archaeologists believe that the site also included an early Christian building from the 9th century related to a renewal of church life in Middle Ponišavlje.
363_1	Geography The monastery is located south of Bela Palanka, not far from the ancient road to Skopje and Thessaloniki. Situated above sea level in the foothills of the south-eastern part of Suva Planina, there are wooded slopes around the monastery, offering a unique view of the Svrljig Mountains and Šljivovački vrh. History Over the years, many churches similar to the medieval church have been demolished and rebuilt in the area. According to some sources, the first Christian church was built in 394. This church was built on the foundation of a pagan temple dedicated to the sun god Mitras. The place was long considered sacred; thus, when Christianity became the religion of the former state, the monastery complex was built here. The temple dedicated to Mitras was not the first structure. It had been preceded by many other pagan temples.
363_2	Prehistoric and ancient sites
363_3	Based on various records and sources, it can be assumed that the site of the present village of Divljana was one of the sacred sites of the Triballi (Thracians) tribe who lived there in ancient times. Only from the current location of the monastery, there was a Bronze Age settlement, Igrište, from around 1200 BC. from location of the monastery, burial pits were discovered with the ashes of the deceased in various ceramic containers. Within a radius of less than around the monastery, there were several settlements in Roman times (Stasovac, Bils, Villa Rustica, Teberna). from the location of the monastery, there was the ancient settlement of Remesiana, or today's Bela Palanka. However, in the village of Divljana, there is little evidence of the various pagan temples. The only indication stems from legends about fairies who were closely related to ancient nymphs. This ancient shrine was closed in 392, just before the founding of the first Christian monastery dedicated to St.
363_4	Demetrius, in whose interior were placed reliquiae from the old church (marble icons of a nymph and a Thracian horseman).
363_5	Temples dedicated to the sun god Mitras were placed close to main roads and sources of water. This was characteristic for the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, especially in the Ponišavlje district. This is based on the presence of two bequeath altars, one in Divljana and another in village of Osmakova, and of two relief icons, one in village Ragodeš and another in village of Rasnica, within . Temples of Mitras were built in smaller sizes, usually and generally oriented east–west, as opposed to the later churches, which had the altar on the west side and entrance on the east. There is a wealth of ancient materials at the site, one of the richest in south-eastern Serbia. Other remains include: a large stone impost capital, in height, with a diameter of at the bottom expanding to at the top, bearing the engraving of an old Christian cross within the circle on the front side, and omegas on all the vertical edges two circular stone-sided base, part of the capitals
363_6	Three hulls of the ancient stone pillars, in depth two ancient stone pillars, square-based with base line and long an ancient stone pillar for a fountain a fragment of an ancient stone monument with the Latin word: "dici" holy throne made of stone (column of reddish sandstone, in height above the floor holding the stone plate with dimensions )
363_7	Origin of the name of the monastery The name Divljana is derived from Latin Divus, meaning "divine" or "god". Professor S. Petrović mentions toponyms with the base and root words: giant (Ser. див) and wild (Ser. Дивји). Giants were part of Serbian pre-Christian mythology. The Serbian word div (Ser. див), itself was derived from the word dievo, and related words were used in Indo-European languages for naming gods: Indian Deva, Old-Persian Daeva or Divus, and Latin Deus. However, it is obvious that the present name Divljana comes from the Latin word Divian, which means "land of the gods" (sr. Боговина).
363_8	Early Christian church
363_9	The first church at this location was an early Christian three-nave basilica. This can be seen from the period of its construction, from archaeological research and by comparison with other churches of the same type in the area. Christian churches in Remesiana from that era were generally oriented east–west with the altar on the east side, where the dimensions were . Above the main entrance stood a porch which would have been borne by two massive pillars with bases and capitals. On the capitals, there were usually engravings of the early Christian sign of the cross and the letter omega. The floors and wall paneling were made of marble. The Church of St. Demetrius in Divljana had dimensions of . The former church in Divljana was very similar to the present-day church which was almost the same size, with the same foundation and at the same location, except that it had a larger western portal. The present church was built in the Romanesque and Renaissance styles. The church had a
363_10	two-story roof in combination with west facade and thus created the impression of a three-nave church. Here there is no dome but its decorations include 124 blind arcades, pilaster strips and trefoil.

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