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26721855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adewunmi%20Agbaje | Adewunmi Agbaje | Navy Captain Benson Adewunmi Agbaje was appointed Military Administrator of Enugu State, Nigeria from August 1998 to May 1999 during the transitional regime of General Abdulsalam Abubakar, handing over to the elected civilian governor Chimaroke Nnamani when democracy returned with the Nigerian Fourth Republic.
In March 1999, he apparently ordered the arrest of Emeka Mamah, the chief correspondent of the Vanguard newspapers in Enugu, an unusual move during the transition to democracy.
He was forced to retire in June 1999 under a law that affected all military ministers, governors and administrators in the Babangida,
Abacha and Abubakar regimes.
References
Living people
Governors of Enugu State
Year of birth missing (living people) |
20476929 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martti%20Olavi%20Siirala | Martti Olavi Siirala | Martti Olavi Siirala (24 November 1922 – 18 August 2008) was a Finnish psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and philosopher. He was inspired by psychoanalysis, the anthropological medicine of Viktor von Weizsäcker and the existential philosophy of Martin Heidegger. The outcome was a unique synthesis theory that Siirala called social pathology.
Siirala studied psychoanalysis in Zürich under the guidance of Medard Boss and Gustav Bally. There he met also colleague and lifetime friend Gaetano Benedetti. Siirala was also the founding member of Finnish Therapeia-foundation, an alternative psychoanalytic training institute established 1958. Especially in the early years Siirala was actually the principal of the foundation, both at a theoretical and practical level.
Anthropological basis
In the tradition of philosophical anthropology man is seen as a unity. No sharp distinction is to be seen between body and soul. Also man is seen as member of his society, believing that one needs contacts to others for his own welfare. Siirala accepted these theses, mostly under the influence of von Weiszäcker.
Siirala saw human illness as meaningful reactions to the patient's life situations, both present and past. Also Siirala considered bodily and mental illnesses as alternative reactions. Mentally ill people he described as placeless, meaning that they have no real place among other men, their acceptance or respect. The origins of problems of this kind Siirala saw as mostly social.
Handling children with problems in speech development in Medicine in Metamorphosis, Siirala's attitude comes clear. Here we can think about the symptom of stuttering. From traditional point of view there is child who tries to speak, but some, probably neurological problem disturbs this process. From Siirala's point it is just that this child stutters, speak this way, and he does this as a total reaction of his whole life situation: 'A child is born into a family and a national and human network that extends across the generations'.
Social pathology
In modern psychiatry there is a tradition of returning patient's illness back to one specific reason. Sometimes this cause is to be found in genetics, sometimes elsewhere. From Siirala's point of view there is not a single cause but rather a net of causes: hence his opposition to what he called 'the delusion that we have reduced diseases to mere object-things, entities that can be studied in isolation...the delusion of reductive reification'. Tracking these causes starts from man, but leads to his social environment, in the end to the whole society.
Freud thought psychological symptoms to be overdeterminded. It can be said that Siirala took the idea but expanded it to social field. For some patient we may think maybe of genetic fault or traumatic childhood. But we must think also patients parents childhood, the phenomena of transgenerational transmission, the teachers and social workers who have ignored the problem and so on.
Siirala distinguishes two major factors in this collective pathology. The first is the delusional possession of reality. By that Siirala means an attitude where one's own assumptions are considered the only one, a position where things are already known - so there seems to be no real need to orient towards the subject. Thus for Siirala 'a central feature of the delusions of the healthy seems to be the unconscious assumption that they possess reality, the criteria of what is worth notice'.
The second is often latent despair, a hopelessness attitude. These factors can be seen for example in the history of psychiatry. Some decades ago it was already known that schizophrenia is an incurable state or condition. Therefore no real therapeutic actions were done, and patients stayed ill: a Self-fulfilling prophecy.
Siirala wrote here about transfer, a social pathological formation of non-articulated life. When there is no room to people to react to problems they encounter, it has effects that harm the whole society. However, these transfers or burdens are not delivered equally. On the contrary, they often fall on the shoulders of this or that particular person, who then becomes ill. Here, Siirala maintains, the mentally or physically ill one - the Identified patient - gets ill for his society. In Siirala's view, then, 'many symptoms of schizophrenia may be precipitated by...the people around him, in an attempt to overcome tendencies in him which disturb their view of reality. This, as with many of Siirala's writings, is disturbing and provocative...[but] can never be healthily ignored'. The corollary is that the real subject of illness is not therefore the particular individual who is driven into isolation - "placelessness" - but the society that has driven him there.
Siirala has accordingly been linked with figures like Harold Searles or Harry Stack Sullivan in his belief that the delusions of patients are 'expressions that reflect what has been dissociated, hidden, and overlooked in life'. A similar link appears in 'the psychological literature on Invisible Loyalties (Boszormenyi-Nagi & Spark 1973) and anonymous social burdens (Siirala, M. 1983)'.
Psychotherapy
Siirala calls therapy the new, sharing transfer of social burden. The so-called transference of psychoanalysis is seen not only as projecting feelings to the therapist, but also as the sharing of this burden. Thus 'in order to be creative, the therapist must identify himself with the patient, share his sufferings so that he attains his goal'. This may also cause some pain to the therapist, but can at the same time make things happen that are at first sight impossible. Epistemologically Siirala stresses that therapist must keep all possibilities open, and not hang on to some preconceived theory like the oedipal theory of psychoanalysis.
In many points Siirala comes close to Ronald David Laing, a famous anti-psychiatrist from the 1960s. Indeed the work, 'Medicine in Metamorphosis' was published originally in a series edited by Laing. Both were interested in social origins of schizophrenia. On the other hand, Siirala never stops considering his patients as ill. Also he sees that they need the right kind of psychiatric treatment to gain again some kind of place among other men.
See also
Parentification
References
Selected bibliography
Die Schizophrenie des Einzelnen und Der Allgemenheit. Wanderhoek & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1961.
Medicine in metamorphosis. Tavistock, London 1969.
From Transfer to Transference. Therapeia-Foundation, Helsinki 1983.
Further reading
Ihanus, Juhani: Controversies and Conflicts in the Institution of "Open" Psychoanalysis: Cases from the History of the Therapeia Foundation. International Forum of Psychoanalysis. Vol. 11, N. 4, pp. 256–263, 2002.
Ihanus, Juhani: Vastaanottoja: Therapeia 40 vuotta. In Finnish. Therapeia, Helsinki 2000.
Ihanus, Juhani & Siltala, Pirkko: Martti Siirala (24 November 1922 – 10 August 2008): A seeker of human understanding and a unique language. International Forum of Psychoanalysis. Vol. 20, N. 2, pp. 119–124, 2011.
External links
Therapeia Foundation
German publisher
1922 births
2008 deaths
People from Liperi
20th-century Finnish philosophers
Psychoanalysts
Existentialists
Finnish psychiatrists
Philosophical anthropology |
20476981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arif%20Mirzo%C3%BDew | Arif Mirzoýew | Arif Mirzoýew (born January 13, 1980) is a professional Turkmen football player, currently playing for FC Altyn Asyr.
International career statistics
Goals for Senior National Team
References
Living people
1980 births
Turkmenistan footballers
Turkmenistan expatriate footballers
Turkmenistan international footballers
2004 AFC Asian Cup players
Sportspeople from Ashgabat
Footballers at the 2002 Asian Games
Association football forwards
Asian Games competitors for Turkmenistan
Expatriate footballers in Azerbaijan
Expatriate footballers in Uzbekistan
Turkmenistan expatriate sportspeople in Azerbaijan
Turkmenistan expatriate sportspeople in Uzbekistan
Neftçi PFK players
Qarabağ FK players
FC Nisa Aşgabat players
FK Dinamo Samarqand players |
6906356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypogastric%20plexus | Hypogastric plexus | Hypogastric plexus may refer to:
Superior hypogastric plexus
Inferior hypogastric plexus |
6906424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic%20library | Academic library | An academic library is a library that is attached to a higher education institution and serves two complementary purposes: to support the curriculum and the research of the university faculty and students. It is unknown how many academic libraries there are worldwide. An academic and research portal maintained by UNESCO links to 3,785 libraries. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, there are an estimated 3,700 academic libraries in the United States. In the past, the material for class readings, intended to supplement lectures as prescribed by the instructor, has been called reserves. In the period before electronic resources became available, the reserves were supplied as actual books or as photocopies of appropriate journal articles. Modern academic libraries generally also provide access to electronic resources.
Academic libraries must determine a focus for collection development since comprehensive collections are not feasible. Librarians do this by identifying the needs of the faculty and student body and the mission and academic programs of the college or university. When there are particular areas of specialization in academic libraries, these are often referred to as niche collections. These collections are often the basis of a special collection department and may include original papers, artwork, and artifacts written or created by a single author or about a specific subject.
There is a great deal of variation among academic libraries based on their size, resources, collections, and services. The Harvard University Library is considered to be the largest strict academic library in the world, although the Danish Royal Library—a combined national and academic library—has a larger collection. Another notable example is the University of the South Pacific which has academic libraries distributed throughout its twelve member countries. The University of California operates the largest academic library system in the world, managing more than 34 million items in 100 libraries on ten campuses.
History
Libraries date back to the ancient world, notably the Library of Alexandria and the historically famous Library of Nalanda University which apparently burned for months because of the sheer number of manuscripts.
United States
The first colleges in the United States were intended to train clergy members. The libraries associated with these institutions largely consisted of donated books on the subjects of theology and the classics. In 1766, Yale had approximately 4,000 volumes, second only to Harvard. Access to these libraries was restricted to faculty members and a few students: the only staff was a part-time faculty member or the president of the college. The priority of the library was to protect the books, not to allow patrons to use them. In 1849, Yale was open 30 hours a week, the University of Virginia was open nine hours a week, Columbia University four, and Bowdoin College only three. Students instead created literary societies and assessed entrance fees for building a small collection of usable volumes, often over what the university library held.
Around the turn of the century, this approach began to change. The American Library Association (ALA) was formed in 1876, with members including Melvil Dewey and Charles Ammi Cutter. Libraries re-prioritized to improve access to materials and found funding increasing due to increased demand for said materials.
Academic libraries today vary regarding the extent to which they accommodate those not affiliated with their parent universities. Some offer reading and borrowing privileges to members of the public on payment of an annual fee; such fees can vary greatly. The benefits usually do not extend to such services as computer usage other than to search the catalog or Internet access. Alumni and students of cooperating local universities may be given discounts or other considerations when arranging for borrowing privileges. On the other hand, some universities' libraries are restricted to students, faculty, and staff. Even in this case, they may make it possible for others to borrow materials through inter-library loan programs.
Libraries of land-grant universities generally are more accessible to the public. In some cases, they are official government document repositories and are required to be open to the public. Still, public members are generally charged fees for borrowing privileges and usually are not allowed to access everything they would be able to as students.
Canada
Academic libraries in Canada are relatively recent concerning other countries. The very first academic library in Canada was opened in 1789 in Windsor, Nova Scotia. Academic libraries were significantly small during the 19th century and up until the 1950s when Canadian academic libraries began to grow steadily as a result of greater importance being placed on education and research. The growth of libraries throughout the 1960s was a direct result of many overwhelming factors, including inflated student enrollments, increased graduate programs, higher budget allowance, and general advocacy of the importance of these libraries. As a result of this growth and the Ontario New Universities Library Project that occurred during the early 1960s, five new universities were established in Ontario that all included fully cataloged collections. The establishment of libraries was widespread throughout Canada and was furthered by grants provided by the Canada Council and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, which sought to enhance library collections. Since many academic libraries were constructed after World War Two, a majority of the Canadian academic libraries that were built before 1940 that have not been updated to modern lighting, air conditioning, etc., are either no longer in use or are on the verge of decline. The total number of college and university libraries increased from 31 in 1959–1960 to 105 in 1969–1970.
Following the growth of academic libraries in Canada during the 1960s, there was a brief period of sedation, which directly resulted from some significant budgetary issues. These academic libraries were faced with cost issues relating to the recently developed service of interlibrary lending and the high costs of periodicals on acquisition budgets, which affected overall acquisition budgeting and, ultimately public collections. Canadian academic libraries faced consistent problems relating to insufficient supplies and an overall lack of coordination among collections.
Academic libraries within Canada might not have flourished or continued to be strengthened without the help of outside organizations. The Ontario Council of University Libraries (OCUL) was established in 1967 to promote unity among Canadian academic libraries. The Ontario College and University Library Association (OCULA) is attached to the Ontario Library Association (OLA) and is concerned with representing academic librarians regarding issues shared in the academic library setting.
Modern academic libraries
Academic libraries have transformed in the 21st century to focus less on physical collection development, information access, and digital resources. Today's academic libraries typically provide access to subscription-based online resources, including research databases and ebook collections, in addition to physical books and journals. Academic libraries also offer space for students to work and study, in groups or individually, on "silent floors" and reference and research help services, sometimes including virtual reference services. Some academic libraries lend out technology such as video cameras, iPads, and calculators. Many academic libraries have remodeled to reflect this changing focus as Learning Commons. Academic libraries and learning commons often house tutoring, writing centers, and other academic services.
A major focus of modern academic libraries is information literacy instruction, with most American academic libraries employing a person or department of people dedicated primarily to instruction. Many academic institutions offer faculty status to librarians, and librarians are often expected to publish research in their field. Academic librarian positions in the United States usually require an MLIS degree from an ALA-accredited institution. The Association of College and Research Libraries is the largest academic library organization in the United States.
See also
Academic journal
Google Scholar and academic libraries
Internet search engines and libraries
Shadow library
Research library
Research Libraries Group
Research Libraries UK
Library assessment
Trends in library usage
Notes and references
Further reading
Bazillion, Richard J. & Braun, Connie (1995) Academic Libraries as High-tech Gateways: a guide to design and space decisions. Chicago: American Library Association
--do.-- --do.-- 2nd ed. --do.-- 2001
Jürgen Beyer, « Comparer les bibliothèques universitaires », Arbido newsletter 2012:8
Ellsworth, Ralph E. (1973) Academic library buildings: a guide to architectural issues and solutions 530 pp. Boulder: Associated University Press
Giustini, Dean (2011, 3 May) Canadian academic libraries' use of social media, 2011 update [Web log post]. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20110512080605/http://blogs.ubc.ca/dean/2011/05/canadian-academic-libraries-use-of-social-media-2011-update/
Hamlin, Arthur T. (1981). The University Library in the United States: Its Origins and Development. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Hunt, C. J. (1993) "Academic library planning in the United Kingdom", in: British Journal of Academic Librarianship; vol. 8 (1993), pp. 3–16
Shiflett, Orvin Lee (1981). Origins of American Academic Librarianship. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex Pub. Corp.
Taylor, Sue, ed. (1995) Building libraries for the information age: based on the proceedings of a symposium on The Future of Higher Educational Libraries at the King's Manor, York 11–12 April 1994. York: Institute of Advanced Architectural Studies, University of York
Letzter, Jonathan (2022). The architecture of academic libraries in Israel: Knowledge and prestige. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, Volume 49, Issue 2, March 2023: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0099133322001616
Types of library |
17337881 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimonita%20Station | Shimonita Station | is a passenger railway station in the town of Shimonita, Gunma, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Jōshin Dentetsu.
Lines
Shimonita Station is a terminal station of the Jōshin Line and is 33.7 kilometers from the opposing terminus of the line at .
Station layout
The station consists of a single bay platform serving four tracks, connected to the station building by a level crossing.
Adjacent stations
History
Shimonita Station opened on 8 September 1897.
Surrounding area
Shimonita Town Hall
Shimonita Post Office
See also
List of railway stations in Japan
External links
Jōshin Dentetsu
Burari-Gunma
Railway stations in Gunma Prefecture
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1897
Shimonita, Gunma |
26721861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightcall%20%28song%29 | Nightcall (song) | "Nightcall" is a song by French electro house artist Kavinsky, released as a single in 2010. It was produced with Daft Punk's Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo and mixed by electronic artist Sebastian. It features Lovefoxxx, lead singer of Brazilian band CSS, on vocals and includes remixes by Xavier de Rosnay, Jackson and his Computer Band and Breakbot. The track was used in the title sequence for the film Drive, directed by Nicolas Winding Refn and starring Ryan Gosling and Carey Mulligan. "Nightcall" was included on Kavinsky's debut studio album, OutRun (2013).
The song was also used in the soundtrack for the film The Lincoln Lawyer, directed by Brad Furman and starring Matthew McConaughey. It was sampled by Lupe Fiasco for his single "American Terrorist III", as well as by Vinny Cha$e & Kid Art for their 2012 song "Drive" as a bonus track on Golden Army. It was also sampled by Childish Gambino for his song "R.I.P" featuring Bun B on his mixtape Royalty and by Will Young for his 2012 song called "Losing Myself".
"Nightcall" was covered by English band London Grammar for their debut album, If You Wait (2013). It was also covered by former Bluetones frontman Mark Morriss on his second solo album, A Flash of Darkness, and by English shoegaze band My Vitriol.
Track listing
12" single and promotional CD single
"Nightcall" – 4:19
"Pacific Coast Highway" – 6:23
"Nightcall" (Dustin N'Guyen Remix) – 3:34
"Pacific Coast Highway" (Jackson Remix) – 8:24
Digital bonus track
"Nightcall" (Breakbot Remix) – 3:39
Anniversary edition digital bonus tracks
"Nightcall" (Robotaki Remix) – 4:53
"Nightcall" (SAWAGii Remix) – 4:47
Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of OutRun.
Kavinsky – vocals, production
Lovefoxxx – vocals
Sebastian – mixing
Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo – production
Florian Lagatta – engineering
Charts
Certifications
London Grammar version
In 2013, English trio London Grammar covered "Nightcall" for their debut studio album, If You Wait (2013). The track was released as the album's fourth single on 8 December 2013.
The cover received positive reviews from critics, with one writer from Fortitude Magazine saying that "London Grammar’s take on the already-brilliant track is laced with sheer elegance.".
Music video
A music video for the song was released on YouTube on 28 November 2013.
Track listings
Digital download
"Nightcall" (radio edit) – 3:38
Digital EP
"Nightcall" (LG Re-Edit) – 3:39
"Nightcall" (Freemasons' Pegasus Club Mix) – 7:34
"Nightcall" (Raaja Bones & Fyfe Dangerfield Remix) – 4:57
"Nightcall" (Special Request VIP) – 4:45
"Everywhere You Go" – 3:42
UK limited-edition 7" single
A. "Nightcall" (album version) – 4:30
B. "Everywhere You Go" – 3:42
Charts
Certifications
Release history
Usage in media
"Nightcall" plays in the background of a flashback scene in the film The Lincoln Lawyer. It also plays during the opening credits of the 2011 film Drive, and in scene 25 of Our RoboCop Remake as directed by Nicolas Winding Refn. The song is used in a commercial for the Sony Xperia phone promoting its low-light camera features. The song is also featured in the CW show Riverdale in episode 99.
References
External links
"Nightcall" digital single on Bandcamp
2010 debut singles
2010 songs
2013 singles
English-language French songs
London Grammar songs
Songs written by Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo
Songs written for films
Synthwave songs |
17337882 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications%20training | Communications training | Communications training or communication skills training refers to various types of training to develop necessary skills for communication. Effective communication is vital for the success in various situations. Individuals undergo communications training to develop and improve communication skills related to various roles in organizations.
Purpose
In organizations, it is necessary to communicate with different sub-groups and overcome difficulties in effective communication. Since each sub-group has a unique sub-culture, an effective communications trainer may assist organizational members in improving communications between sub-groups of the organization. It is necessary to ensure that communications between individuals the various sub-cultures serve to meet the mission and goals of the organization. Communications training can assist leaders to develop the ability to perceive how various individuals and subgroups relate to each other and make appropriate interventions
Types of skill development
Listening skills
Influence Skills
Responding to conflict
Customer service
Assertiveness skills
Negotiation
Facilitation
Report writing; business and technical writing
Public speaking, effective presentation
Speaking skills
Interacting skills
Benefits
Business communication training: It is possible for developing the skills needed for business networking and enhance their communication skills. It helps in communicating the apt message to the appropriate person at the most right time and to effectively manage and develop assertive skills. It enable candidates to manage competently, maintain long-term relationships, form new alliances, meet new people and establish contact with them and develop relationship with them
Corporate communications training: It is useful for corporate events and help in dealing with other corporate participants, besides being helpful for routine dealings.
Executive communication training: It focuses on how to conduct meetings by helping to develop facilitation skills and through exceptional executive communication coaching, candidates learn how to open, manage, as well as end meetings.
Crisis communication training: It enables candidates to communicate while dealing with the various difficulties and emergencies that can arise including conflict management and change management. With training, candidates will be fit to come up with beneficial solutions for solving the crisis or conflict or make change/transition easier.
Public speaking training: It is very useful to make presentations, for developing their verbal communication skills so that it is possible to express their facts publicly with great confidence. This is useful for even sales and marketing personnel who need to express things in the best possible way.
Effective Training
In order to maximize the benefits of instruction, some key points such as management training, identifying your audience, and up to date use of technology can be used to fully profit the managers as well as the members of the organization.
Training for management must be done on a regular basis gives an advantage to any institution since they can provide ongoing feedback to personnel in order to ensure the good function of the different components of an association. Leadership instruction as well as communication skills education are some examples of management training.
Identifying your audience, in this case, the format of the organization such as family business, small business, event, charity group, or simply meetings enables you to apply the required techniques to get the most out of your training and preparation sessions.
As technology grows, its important to keep your preparation up-to-date by using all means necessary. The Internet, computers as well as E-learning provide new insights to effective training and can be adapted to fit different needs for different companies. It's also very important to get constant feedback from the members as well as having assessment strategies to ensure that the training that is being provided is useful and productive to not waste time and resources.
In the medical field, recent research draws on available evidence from general educational literature, as well as specific literature on communication skills training (CST). These studies "delineate how educational interventions should be organized in order to enhance clinicians’ communication skills learning and practice. CST interventions need to be learner- and practice-centered and include core conceptual knowledge and experiential opportunities for practice, reflection, feedback, and rehearsal".
See also
POWERtalk International
Toastmasters International
Association of Speakers Clubs
Notes
Communication skills training |
23577502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ius%20Latium | Ius Latium | ius Latium, in Roman law, was a rule of law applicable to magistrates in Latium. It was either majus Latium or minus Latium,—the majus Latium raising to the dignity of Roman citizen not only the magistrate himself, but also his wife and children; the minus Latium raising to that dignity only the magistrate himself.
See also
Ius
Ius Latii
Ius Quiritium
References
Black's Law Dictionary (Second Edition 1910) (public domain)
Latin legal terminology |
23577504 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phils%20River | Phils River | Phils River, a watercourse that is part of the Lachlan catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the central western region of New South Wales, Australia.
The river rises on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range, near Thalaba, below Big Magpie Hill, and flows generally north–east, before reaching its confluence with the Bolong River, east of Blanket Flat.
See also
List of rivers of New South Wales (L–Z)
List of rivers of Australia
Rivers of New South Wales
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Murray-Darling basin |
23577505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Falconer%20%28footballer%29 | Peter Falconer (footballer) | Peter Falconer (born 28 November 1937) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Geelong and Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Falconer was a Geelong Amateur before making his senior VFL debut in 1958, replacing club vice-captain Neil Trezise. He had a strong first season and despite missing four games, was Geelong's leading vote getter at the Brownlow Medal. A rover, Falconer was one of the smallest players of his era and also had a good debut season at Carlton. His 30 goals was the second most by a Carlton player that year and he again polled well on Brownlow Medal night, sharing the equal most Carlton votes with Bruce McMaster-Smith. He also appeared in all 20 games that year, including the 1962 VFL Grand Final loss.
References
External links
Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.
1937 births
Living people
Geelong Football Club players
Carlton Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
People educated at Geelong College |
20476982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermedia%20%28disambiguation%29 | Intermedia (disambiguation) | Intermedia, Latin for "across multiple channels", is a concept in the arts.
Intermedia may also refer to:
Intermedia (hypertext), a hypertext system at Brown University
InterMedia Partners, a private equity investment firm focused on the media sector
Intermedia (production company), a film studio
InterMedia Entertainment Company, a production company founded by Fred Silverman in 1982, later renamed The Fred Silverman Company
Intermedia (artists' association), a Canadian artists' association active in the late 1960s and early 1970s
InterMedia, Russia's international media news agency
and also:
División Intermedia, the second-tier football league in Paraguay
Kansai Intermedia, a Japanese company broadcasting the FM radio FM Cocolo
La intermedia, a rural municipality and village in Jujuy Province in Argentina
Oracle interMedia, a feature providing multimedia utilities in an Oracle database environment
Precis Intermedia Gaming, a publishing company distributing PDF-based and traditional printed role-playing games
Biology
Thalassaemia intermedia, a form of the inherited autosomal recessive blood disease Thalassaemia
Anatomy
Massa intermedia, the medial surface of the thalamus
Pars intermedia, the boundary between the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary
Taxonomy
Acacia aneura var. intermedia, a perennial shrub or tree variety native to Australia
Amsinckia menziesii var. intermedia, the common fiddleneck or intermediate fiddleneck, a plant species found in western North America
Balaenoptera musculus intermedia, a subspecies of the blue whale found the Southern Ocean
Forsythia × intermedia, the border forsythia, an ornamental deciduous shrub species of garden origin
Hamamelis × intermedia, the hybrid witch hazel, a plant species
, the lavendin, the most cultivated lavender species for commercial use
Meleagris gallopavo intermedia, the Rio Grande wild turkey, a bird subspecies
Pleurothallis renipetala var. intermedia, a synonym for Acianthera crinita, an orchid species
Python molurus intermedia, a subspecies of the snake Python molurus
Rhea americana intermedia, a subspecies of the greater rhea found in Uruguay and extreme southeastern Brazil
Tiliqua scincoides intermedia, the Northern blue-tongued skink, a lizard species native to Australia
See also
Intermedium
Intermedius |
17337893 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amara%20littoralis | Amara littoralis | Amara littoralis is a species of beetle of the genus Amara in the family Carabidae. It is native to parts of Asia.
References
Notes
Citations
littoralis
Beetles of Asia
Beetles described in 1828
Taxa named by Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean |
6906443 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Froggy%20%28brand%29 | Froggy (brand) | Froggy is a brand name radio format used for a variety of radio stations in the United States, most of which broadcast a country music format, with a few playing adult contemporary. (There was, however, an oldies-themed "Froggy" in Erie, Pennsylvania: the former WFGO; that station has since changed format and calls in 2007. Another oldies-based Froggy station, KFGI in Austin, Texas, changed formats in 1994.) Although the frog logo is shared among these stations, most of them are not associated with one another. The "Froggy" branding is particularly common among country stations currently or formerly owned by Forever Broadcasting or Forever Communications and Keymarketradio LLC, companies founded by Froggy creator Kerby Confer.
Origin
The Froggy format was conceived by Kerby Confer in 1988. Previously, Confer created a variety of country radio station brands such as "Kissin'" (KSSN in Little Rock, Arkansas) and "Beaver" (WBVR-FM in Bowling Green, Kentucky). "Froggy" was first installed on WFRG-FM in Utica, New York on February 1, 1988 with the branding "96 Frog". (The format and call letters have since switched frequencies and the station is now known as "Big Frog 104".) Other Froggy stations soon followed, including KFRG in Riverside-San Bernardino, California and WFGY in Altoona, Pennsylvania. For his work in developing the Froggy format, Confer was inducted into the Pennsylvania Radio Broadcasters Hall of Fame in 2003 and the Country Radio Hall of Fame in 2016.
General theme
The Froggy branded radio station uses jargon saturated with frog-related puns. Station disc jockey pseudonyms and program elements bear names making reference to things such as where the frog lives (in a pond), how a frog moves (hops), what noise a frog makes (cricket or ribbit), and other words that are related to frogs.
Examples of the "Froggy" theme use words like the following:
"Hop-Line", "Frogcast", "Froggy Fotos", "Local Hoppenings", "Hoppy Birthday", "Froggy Fun Fones", "Froggyland", "in the swamp".
Some of the stations incorporate the lingo into their coverage area. For example, WFGE in State College, Pennsylvania refers to Happy Valley, the area in and around State College, as "Hoppy Valley". Most also call their coverage area "Froggyland".
An occasional "ribbit" between songs is used sometimes as a sweeper or in lieu of a jingle or dry segue.
Listeners are encouraged to contact the station: "give us a ribbit on the hoplines".
WFRG-FM in Utica, New York used to close out its weather "frogcast" with a jingle that sang "you sing 10 songs in a row and you're such a good friend of mine", to the tune of Three Dog Night's "Joy To The World", whose first line was "Jeremiah was a bullfrog".
A few Froggy stations in Pennsylvania used a parody of "Mercury Blues": "Hey now Froggy/You sound so fine/Ridin' 'round in my Merc'y 49/Crazy 'bout my Froggy/I'm crazy 'bout my Froggy/Gonna turn up my Froggy, cruisin' up and down the road, uh-huh". These are called "Froggy Songs" that most stations play periodically throughout the day. WFGS in Murray, Kentucky previously offered some of the Froggy songs as free ringtones.
Logo
For the most part, the logo of a "Froggy" branded radio station is a smiling green frog. The font, color, position and angles can vary, however, the frog is generally green with a red tongue. The variations on the logo include the radio station's frequency as well as whether it is referred to as "Frog", "Big Frog", or "Froggyland".
DJ monikers
Many DJs at Froggy-branded stations (known as "frog jocks") use pseudonyms that reflect the branding:
KVOX-FM in Fargo, North Dakota: Hopalong Cassidy, Anne Phibian, Hoppy Gilmore, Lilly Pad, Pete Moss, Jeremiah Bullfrog
WFGY in Altoona, Pennsylvania: Frogman, Kellie Green, Tad Pole, Polly Wogg, Pete Moss, James Pond
WFGE in State College, Pennsylvania: Boss Frog, Ann Phibian, Skeeter, Hopper, Sally Mander, Swampy
WFGS in Murray, Kentucky: Marty McFlies, Gracie Hopper, Heather McRibbits, Kenny Lake
WFRG-FM in Utica, New York: Annie Croakley, David Hopperfield, Joey Buttafroggo, Bean Pole, I. B. Green, Elvis Frogsley, Catfish Crawford
WFRY-FM in Watertown, New York: James Pond & Cricket, Webb Foote, Bud Green, Jumpin' Jay, Pete Moss, Croakin' O Brian, Annie Croakley, Swim Mcgraw
WOGY in Jackson, Tennessee: Tad Pole, Al Gee, Cricket
Many of the Froggy stations that have the country format use the syndicated evening program Lia, often putting "Leapin'" in front of her name to "frogify" her.
List of "Froggy" stations
In other media
The "Froggy" moniker is regularly lampooned on the Glenn Beck Program; Beck's alter ego, "Flap Jackson", is the morning jock at the fictional "109.9 The Big Frog".
On the US television series The Office, there is a Froggy 101 bumper sticker on the wall behind the reception desk and file cabinet, next to the desk of Dwight Schrute. The Office is set in Scranton, Pennsylvania, where WGGY uses the moniker "Froggy 101".
Related brands
Confer's daughter, Kristin Cantrell, established the Bigfoot Country brand for her stations when entering radio ownership. She also eventually acquired a prominent Froggy imitator, The Pig, in 2019. In October 2022, Cantrell's Seven Mountains Media purchased a majority of Forever Media's stations, including six Froggy stations.
See also
KISS-FM, a top 40 radio brand owned by iHeartMedia
Jack FM, an adult hits radio brand
Bob FM, an adult hits radio brand
WEBN, a rock station in Cincinnati that had a frog mascot named Tree B. Frog
WIVK-FM, a country station in Knoxville, Tennessee that uses a frog as its logo, but a different "Froggy" package from other stations
References
External links
American radio networks
Franchised radio formats |
17337898 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amara%20aeneopolita | Amara aeneopolita | Amara aeneopolita is a species of beetle of the genus Amara in the family Carabidae that is native to Asia.
References
aeneopolita
Beetles of Asia
Beetles described in 1918
Taxa named by Thomas Lincoln Casey Jr. |
23577506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigna%20Barney%20River | Pigna Barney River | Pigna Barney River, a partly perennial river of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Upper Hunter district of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Pigna Barney River rises on the eastern slopes of Mount Royal Range, south of the locale of Glenrock, and flows generally east by south before reaching its confluence with the Manning River, south of Mount Myra. The river descends over its course.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers of New South Wales (L–Z)
List of rivers of Australia
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Rivers of the Hunter Region
Upper Hunter Shire |
6906469 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythrophleum%20chlorostachys | Erythrophleum chlorostachys | Erythrophleum chlorostachys is a species of leguminous tree endemic to northern Australia, from northeastern Queensland to the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Commonly known as Cooktown ironwood, the species is found in wide range of environments from arid savanna to tropical rainforest. The species is a beautiful source of timber, which is exceptionally hard and dense as well as being highly termite resistant. The eastern dragon shaped heartwood skeletons of the Cooktown Ironwood resisting natural degradation add wonder to their landscapes.
Ironwood is semi-deciduous, dropping much of its foliage in response to the prolonged winter dry periods which are the norm within its native range. The foliage of the tree contains toxic levels of alkaloids and has been responsible for numerous deaths of both cattle and horses.
Virtually all culturally modified trees in Eucalyptus tetrodonta woodland on Cape York Peninsula are Cooktown ironwoods. Most of these are 'sugar bag scars' where Aboriginal people have cut through the cambium into the heartwood of the tree to remove honey from native bees. Scars have been made using both stone axes (in pre-contact times) and steel axes (post-contact). These have particular significance to Aboriginal people as the tangible representation of past cultural practices. The large number of hollows found in Cooktown ironwoods at Kakadu National Park are also likely to be culturally modified trees (e.g. Taylor 2002 Figure 6.8).
References
Boland, D.J., Brooker M.I.H, Chippendale, G.M., Hall, N., Hyland, B.P.M., Johnstone, R.D., Kleinig, D.A., Turner, J.D. (1984). "Forest trees of Australia." CSIRO. Melbourne.
Dunlop, C.R., Leach, G.J. and Cowie, I.D. (1995). "Flora of the Darwin region. 2." Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory. Darwin.
Morrison, M., McNaughton, D. and Shiner, J. (2010). "Mission-Based Indigenous Production at the Weipa Presbyterian Mission, Western Cape York Peninsula (1932-66)". International Journal of Historical Archaeology 14:86-111.
Taylor, R. (2002). "Ironwood Erythrophleum chlorostachys in the Northern Territory: aspects of its ecology in relation to timber harvesting". Report to Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Australia.
chlorostachys
Fabales of Australia
Flora of Queensland
Flora of the Northern Territory
Rosids of Western Australia
Trees of Australia
Drought-tolerant trees
Taxa named by Ferdinand von Mueller |
23577508 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adonism | Adonism | Adonism is a Neopagan religion founded in 1925 by the German esotericist Franz Sättler (1884 – c.1942), who often went by the pseudonym of Dr. Musalam. Although Sättler claimed that it was the continuation of an ancient pagan religion, it has been recognised by academics as being "instead the single-handed creation of a highly gifted and educated man", this figure being Sättler himself. Adonism is a polytheistic religion, revolving around a belief that there are five principal gods: Belus, Biltis, Adonis, Dido and Molchos. Adonis is the most prominent of these in the group's theology, being a benevolent figure that Sättler equated with the Christian figure of Satan. In contrast to Adonis, Molchos is believed by Adonists to be malevolent, and to be responsible for the enslavement of humanity through monotheistic religions such as Judaism, Christianity and Islam: the religion therefore has "a pronounced anti-Christian bias".
Born into the Bohemian region of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Franz Sättler proved himself to be a talented linguist, gaining a doctorate in the subject and publishing the world's first Persian-German dictionary. Subsequently travelling across much of Europe, he was imprisoned by the French during the First World War, where he first came across Theosophy and the occult, topics which greatly interested him. Briefly becoming an intelligence agent for the Czechoslovak government, he was again arrested and imprisoned, this time in Germany, and whilst imprisoned here he began formulating some of his esoteric ideas and writing books on the subject. Released in the mid-1920s, he went on to begin propagating Adonism through the foundation of his Adonistic Society. Sättler would face legal trouble and a public scandal due to his beliefs in the 1930s, leading to him renaming the Society the Alliance of Orion, before it was eventually shut down by the Nazi government in 1939. Sättler himself disappeared in the early years of the following decade, with some believing that he was executed by the Nazi authorities.
Scholar Hans Thomas Hakl stated that "The influence of Adonism... on the German magical scene is substantial. It definitely influenced the German magus Friedrich Wilhelm Quintscher (1893–1945)... and also the Fraternitas Saturni, the most interesting occult fraternity in modern Germany". Many of the group's adherents have also claimed that Adonism was an influence on the German magician Franz Bardon (1909–1958), although this remains debatable as Bardon's magical beliefs differed to "a noticeable degree". Hakl would also compare Sättler with two of his contemporaries in the European occult movement of the early twentieth century, the Englishman Aleister Crowley and the Armenian George Gurdjieff, but noted that he never received the posthumous fame that these two experienced.
Beliefs and practices
Sättler erroneously claimed that Adonism was an ancient religion which had been followed by the Chaldeans, Phoenicians, Persians, Egyptians and Greeks. He also made the claim that it survived in part amongst the Yezidis of the Middle East, and also among the people of Nuristan (a place he considered to be separate to the actual Nuristan in Afghanistan). It was in this latter city that he claimed that there was a large temple, the "Bit Nur" (House of Light), where he claimed the original ancient Adonist scriptures were kept. Other than Sättler’s claims however, there is no evidence that Nuristan or the Bit Nur have ever existed. Sättler claimed that it was in this temple that he first learned about Adonism, and where he was given the name of Dr Mussalam.
Adonism is a polytheistic religion, believing in a number of different gods, of which there are five principal deities. Adonists believe that the first two of these were the primordial god Belus and his consort Biltis, and that they emerged from Chaos. According to Adonistic beliefs, Belus and Biltis had a child, Molchos, who was a malevolent deity and who created a world populated with deformed monsters; because of the horror of it, Belus and Biltis destroyed this world, before going on to give birth to two more children, a benevolent son named Adonis and a daughter called Dido. Adonis then created our world, basing humanity upon the likeness of both himself and his sister, however Molchos then killed Adonis out of jealousy, taking control of the world. Being resurrected by Dido, Adonis then went on to try to protect humanity from Molchos' machinations, for instance telling one human, a man called Noah, to build a wooden ark to save him and the other animal species from the Great Flood.
Molchos, however, was not finished in his attempts to harm humanity. Aside from attacking them with plagues and sickness, he also sent false prophets such as Moses, Zarathustra, Jesus and Muhammad to convert people to his monotheistic worship under such names as Jehovah, Ormuzd and Allah. Within these religions that venerate Molchos, such as Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam, Adonists believe that Adonis, the creator and benefactor of humanity was demonised as such figures as Satan, Ahriman and Iblis. Through the domination of these monotheistic religions, Adonists believe that Molchos maintained control of the world, but that in 2000 CE, Adonis will face Molchos in a final battle, defeating him and bringing about a Golden Age, which will last until the universe is once more subsumed under Chaos.
The primary way in which Adonis and Dido are celebrated in Adonistic religious practice is by the sensual enjoyment of sexual intercourse, both of the heterosexual and homosexual varieties. Indeed, Sättler summarised his faith by remarking that "Adonism is worship of the Devil [i.e. Adonis] with an erotic background." He was therefore a prominent proponent of sexual reform in early twentieth-century Germany, holding to beliefs that would later be legally accepted in the last decades of that century. Adonism also holds to a great belief in tolerance for other human beings, with Sättler stating that "The most important virtue of the Adonist is tolerance and the area in which he can practice it is boundless", and also holding to a personal maxim: "To understand everything means to pardon everything."
History
Sättler's early life: 1884–1925
Sättler was born on 7 March 1884 as the son of a police constable in Most, a city in northern Bohemia, a Czech region which was then a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. There he attended elementary and then grammar school, where he excelled in languages, learning Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, Ancient Greek and Latin by the time that he left. He had also begun writing for a local newspaper. He began attending the Charles University of Prague, where he initially studied philology, but becoming bored of this, switched to Oriental studies. At the university, he became a favourite student of Professor Max Grünert, who gave Sättler the notes for a Persian-German dictionary that had been left unfinished by Dr Jakob Polak. Sättler completed the task, producing the first ever dictionary between the two languages. In 1905 he travelled to Montenegro and Albania, being paid to do so by the Austrian Institute of Military Geography, who employed him to check the accuracy of their maps. The following year, he travelled to Dresden in Germany, where he met his literary idol, Karl May, whose German-language adventure novels had inspired him as a child. In the latter part of 1906 and much of 1907, he again went travelling, this time visiting Albania, Lebanon and Syria (which he used as inspiration for several novels that he would later write), and in 1908 he then travelled to the north of Europe, visiting Finland.
In 1909 he began studying for a doctorate, earning it by writing a dissertation on the Arabian dialect of Hadramaut, while in the same year marrying Anastasia Goldschmidt. Gaining employment at a private school for foreign languages in Prague, he co-wrote two books on how to study the German language with the owner of the school. Using what he described as the "direct learning method", he attempted to teach people the language using the methods developed by Jan Amos Comenius. He then worked as a private tutor both in the house of Count Khevenhüller in Beirut and the consular school in Salonika. It was while he was here that the First World War broke out across Europe, and he began travelling across the Ottoman Empire (which was on the side of the Austro-Hungarian Empire).
The French army subsequently invaded and occupied Saloniki at a time when he was staying there, and being a citizen of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, he and his wife were taken prisoner and deported to an internment camp near Lourdes in France, where he was held until 1919. It was here that he befriended the camp's chief officer, M. Parizot, who was actively involved in the esoteric movement of Theosophy. Following their many discussions on the subject, Parizot transferred his library of occult books to the camp in order that Sättler could read them. These texts included the works of such figures as Helena Blavatsky, Annie Besant, Charles Leadbeater, Camille Flammarion and Maurice Maeterlinck, and these texts "formed the intellectual basis of his later occult career."
In 1919, following the end of the war, Sättler was released from his imprisonment, and travelled to Austria, and then on to Germany, where he was apparently involved in intelligence work on behalf of the newly formed nation-state of Czechoslovakia, using the pseudonym of Dr. Erich Bauer. In 1922 he was captured by the German authorities and sentenced to a four-year imprisonment in Brandenburg an der Havel. Here, he was once more allowed the use of the prison library, writing several books, including Buch der orientalischen Geheimnisse (Book of Oriental Secrets) and Zauberbibel (Magical Bible), the latter of which was divided into seven sections, each of which looked at a different occult practice: cartomancy, astrology, the interpretation of dreams, chiromancy, magic, alchemy and necromancy. Meanwhile, Sättler divorced his wife, probably due to his affairs with other women.
Sättler and the Adonistic Society: 1926–1931
Being released from the German prison, Sättler returned to Austria in 1926, settling down in the city of Vienna. It was here that he first began propagating Adonism through the foundation of his Adonistic Society (known as the Adonistische Gesellschaft in his native German language), and "According to its published constitution and bylaws, this group was founded on 1 May 1925 - in other words, one year before Sättler actually came back to Vienna." "By 1927 Sättler had developed the whole doctrine of Adonism and written all the major treatises on it", declaring in the Society's constitution that the main group was also accompanied by the Adonistic Publishing House, the Master Lodge Hekate in Vienna, and various study lodges scattered across the German-speaking part of Europe. Whether these genuinely existed or not is unknown, although it is quite possible that they didn't, as his Adonistic Society was relatively small, not even being a registered organisation and the Austrian authorities in fact suspected him of being guilty of criminal fraud. He also claimed that the Adonistic Society was a sister organisation to an international group known as Nizâm-el Khâf, which he claimed had branches in Bombay, Constantinople, Tehran and other major Asian cities; according to scholar Hans Thomas Hakl, this organisation was "almost certainly fictitious".
In order to entice interested individuals to join, Sättler described his Adonistic Society as a "large spiritual community" where "magical energies are continuously circulating, the inexhaustible source of which is the Master Lodge Hekate", so named after the ancient Greek goddess of witchcraft. Membership applications and payment were to be sent directly to Sättler, and new members had to wait two years before they were permitted to learn the "deeper secrets" of Adonism, before they would be allowed to subscribe to a twelve-lesson course ending in an exam, successful completion of which would allow them to attain the third degree of a Châkim Kabâlit, or a master of magic.
Sättler likely began an affair with his assistant in the Hekate Lodge, Justine Schnattinger, who herself worked under the pseudonym of "Madame Ariela" as a clairvoyant, spirit medium and astrological councillor. Sättler was also a friend of the occultist Friedrich Wilhelm Quintscher, who had joined the Society, but in 1929 their friendship broke up, possibly due to jealousy over Schnattinger. Quintscher remained devoted to the Adonist religion, continuing to propagate "its doctrine, cosmology, and principles even after he had broken with Sättler" and founding an Adonistic group called the Ateschga-Taganosyn. One of the members of this group was Brother Silias, also known as Josef Anton Schuster (1896–1968), who wrote a magical diary that became famous among the German occult movement.
The decline and death of Sättler: 1932–1942
Although he had published a wide variety of books, both occult-based and otherwise (including a joke book), and had become entirely financially reliant on his publisher, Bartels of Berlin, he was finding it very hard to make a living. In 1929 he began selling magical cures and other items which included talismans, love potions and even powder that allegedly belonged to the Dalai Lama to supplement this income, as well as founding a stock company called Olbia-Gold, through which he defrauded stock holders by telling them that he had discovered a gold treasure at the foot of Mount Olympus in Greece. With all these money-making activities that he was involved with, he became embroiled in a financial scandal in 1932, after which various journals began accusing him of being a fraud and a criminal. Facing criminal charges for defrauding customers of the Olbia-Gold company, he fled to Greece, where he was arrested in a case of mistaken identity by police who suspected him of being "a much more important Czech swindler."
Investigating his papers in Vienna, police came upon a list of the eighty German members of the Adonistic Society, causing yet another scandal in the press, who felt it shocking that so many members of "high society" were involved with such a secretive occult group that they accused of committing sexual orgies. With Sättler out of reach, police instead began investigating Quintscher and his alternate Adonist group, but he denied a continuing connection to his former friend. Meanwhile, Sättler continued with the Society, this time based in Greece, finding a new publisher, Biosophischer Verlag, who began printing his new monthly magazine, entitled Lucifer. Finding it hard to get new members (who would bring with them the membership fees and donations that he needed to survive), Sättler dissolved the Hekate Lodge and renamed the Society the Alliance of Orion (Orion Bund in German). Nonetheless, the group was having significant problems within Germany itself as it faced opposition from the Nazi Party who had recently taken control of the government, with some figures in the regime declaring the group to be a part of a Jewish-Masonic conspiracy.
In 1935, Sättler had apparently left Greece and moved to Petržalka in Slovakia, from where he offered courses in nature healing and magic. Meanwhile, in Germany, the Nazi government banned all quasi-Masonic organisations in July 1937, and while initially the Alliance of Orion was unusually exempt, they too were illegalised in June 1939. In the early 1940s, the Nazis ordered the invasion of much of the rest of Europe, leading to the Second World War, and it was in this period that all historical trace of Sättler vanishes. It is unknown how he died, although it has been claimed that it was either in a Vienna prison or in Mauthausen concentration camp, although neither of these remain proven.
Adonism after Sättler: 1943–present
The first attempt to recreate the Adonist Society occurred in the 1950s by "an otherwise unknown" individual known as Walter Koblizek. He lived in Rosenheim near Munich in West Germany, and published a brochure announcing the re-creation of the group, but nothing more appeared of it, and Koblizek died in 1967.
Professor Adolf Hemberger (1929–1991), the holder of the Chair for Scientific Theory and Methodology of Research at the University of Gießen, collected Sättler's rare works, making copies of them through mimeographing or photocopying them and distributing them among his friends and members of his magical study groups, C 72. In the 1970s, Hemberger had plans of reviving the Adonist Society, but these never came to fruition.
Another German academic, Professor Helmut Möller of the University of Göttingen, published a German language essay on Sättler in a 1990 festschrift in honour of Ellic Howe, an academic who had specialised in the study of ceremonial magical groups like the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn and the Ordo Templi Orientis. His work was expanded upon by Hans Thomas Hakl, an Austrian independent scholar, who also made an examination of Sättler in the German language, which he followed by publishing an edited version in the English language, appearing in The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies (2010).
See also
Semitic neopaganism
Demiurge
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
Further reading
Primary literature
Franz Sättler:
Adonismus oder die uralte Geheimlehre, wie sie uns von d. Chaldaern, Phöniziern, Persern, Ägyptern u. Griechen überliefert, noch heutigentags im Orient bei d. Nasairiern oder "Lichtauslöschern", d. Jezîdi-Kurden od. "Teufelsanbetern" u. a. erhalten ist u. durch e. eigenen Orden, den "Nizâm el-Khâf" neuerdings wieder verbreitet wird. Ohne Ortsangabe, 1926
Macht und Erfolg. Berlin: Adonistischer Verlag, 1927
Jugend und Schönheit. Berlin: Adonistischer Verlag, 1927
Hes oder: Die Flamme des Lebens. Berlin-Weissensee, 1927
Der Adept. Die zwölf Stufen des magischen Einweihungsweges. Archiv für Altes Gedankengut und Wissen, Sinzheim 2004, . Mit einer Einleitung von Hans Thomas Hakl und Bibliographie.
Secondary literature
Marco Frenschkowski: Die Adonistische Gesellschaft. In: Die Geheimbünde. Marix Verlag, Wiesbaden 2007, . S. 172–176
Hans-Jürgen Glowka: Deutsche Okkultgruppen 1875–1937. Hiram-Edition, München 1981, , S. 81–91
Adolf Hemberger: Der Adonismus als Baalskult. In: Organisationsformen, Rituale, Lehren und magische Thematik der freimaurerischen- und freimaurerartigen Bünde im Deutschen Sprachraum Mitteleuropas. Bd. 2: Pansophie und Rosenkreuz. Gießen 1974.
Horst E. Miers: Lexikon des Geheimwissens. Freiburg 1979. S. 86.
Helmut Möller: Licht aus dem Osten. Franz Sättlers wundersame Reise nach Nuristân. In: Albrecht Götz von Olenhusen (Hrsg.): Wege und Abwege. Beiträge zur europäischen Geistesgeschichte der Neuzeit. Festschrift für Ellic Howe zum 20. September 1990. Freiburg 1993, . S. 199–230
Esotericism
Modern pagan traditions
Polytheism
Modern paganism in Germany
Religious organizations established in 1925
Modern pagan organizations established in the 1920s |
23577509 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinch%20River | Pinch River | The Pinch River, a perennial river of the Snowy River catchment, is located in the Snowy Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The Pinch River rises west of Paradise Hill in remote alpine country within The Snowy Mountains Range, part of the Great Dividing Range, contained within the Kosciuszko National Park. The river flows generally south southeast, then west, then west southwest, and then southeast, before reaching its confluence with the Snowy River below the Charcoal Range. The river descends over its course.
See also
List of rivers of New South Wales (L-Z)
List of rivers of Australia
Rivers of New South Wales
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Snowy Mountains |
26721883 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brussels%20tram%20route%2081 | Brussels tram route 81 | Tram route 81 in Brussels, Belgium is a tram route in the south of the city which connects the Marius Renard stop in the municipality of Anderlecht with the multimodal Montgomery metro station in Woluwe-Saint-Pierre. The route also crosses the municipalities of Saint-Gilles, Ixelles, the City of Brussels and Etterbeek. It connects with the metro at Saint-Guidon/Sint Guido, Brussels South (also railway), Merode (also railway) and Montgomery. The route also crosses the major tram routes 3 and 4 at Horta. A good deal of its length is in carriageway, while long sections at either end are in reservation. It has a short section in tunnel at South Station.
The route was changed in the 2000s, with the section west from Brussels-South railway station going to Marius Renard rather than Heysel/Heizel.
Until 2018 the route was served by PCC trams - first 7700-series and later the longer 7900s. In that year the stops at Bailli/Baljuw were moved from the central reservation of Avenue Louise/Louizalaan into Rue du Bailli/Baljuwstraat, which has permitted the longer Flexity low-floor trams to be used when these are not needed elsewhere, that is normally at weekends. This progression to high-capacity vehicles accompanies an improvement in service frequency, with the daytime headway now being 71/2 minutes.
Route
Montgomery - Merode - Sint-Pietersplein/Place St Pierre - Acacia/Acacias - De Jacht/La Chasse - Sint-Antoonkerk/Église Saint-Antoine - Mouterij/Germoir - Gist/Levure - Flagey - Dautzenberg - Baljuw/Baili - Drievuldigheid/Trinité - Janson - Moris - Lombardije/Lombardie - Bareel/Barrière - Willem Tell/Guillaume Tell - Bethlehem/Bethléem - Koningslaan/Avenue du Roi - Zweden/Suède - Zuidstation/Gare du Midi - Bara - Raad/Conseil - Albert I - Kuregem/Curegham - Dover/Douvres - Verzet/Résistance - Sint-Guido/Saint-Guidon - Meir - Ysaye - van Beethoven - Frans Hals - Vivèspark/Parc Vivès - Marius Renard
See also
List of Brussels tram routes
References
External links
STIB/MIVB Website
81
Anderlecht
City of Brussels
Etterbeek
Ixelles
Saint-Gilles, Belgium
Woluwe-Saint-Pierre |
26721897 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Kunze | Paul Kunze | Paul Kunze (25 December 1904 – 16 July 1983) was a Dutch fencer. He competed at three Olympic Games.
References
External links
1904 births
1983 deaths
Dutch male fencers
Olympic fencers of the Netherlands
Fencers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Fencers from Amsterdam |
20477004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ironjaw%20Lake | Ironjaw Lake | Ironjaw Lake is a lake that is located in south-western Schoolcraft County, Michigan in the Hiawatha National Forest. It is just east of the county line with Alger and just north of the county line with Delta County. Other nearby lakes include Hugaboom Lake, Mowe Lake, Blue Lake, Corner-Straits Chain of lakes, Nineteen Lake, Verdant Lake, and Round Lake.
See also
List of lakes in Michigan
References
Lakes of Schoolcraft County, Michigan
Lakes of Michigan |
26721907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001%20Copenhagen%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Doubles | 2001 Copenhagen Open – Doubles | Martin Damm and David Prinosil were the defending champions but did not compete that year.
Wayne Black and Kevin Ullyett won in the final 6–3, 6–3 against Jiří Novák and David Rikl.
Seeds
Jiří Novák / David Rikl (final)
Joshua Eagle / Sandon Stolle (semifinals)
Wayne Black / Kevin Ullyett (champions)
Petr Pála / Pavel Vízner (first round)
Draw
External links
2001 Copenhagen Open Doubles draw
2001 Copenhagen Open – 2
2001 ATP Tour |
20477020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Staunton%2C%20Virginia | National Register of Historic Places listings in Staunton, Virginia |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Staunton, Virginia.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in the independent city of Staunton, Virginia, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.
There are 35 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the city, including 1 National Historic Landmark.
Current listings
|}
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Virginia
National Register of Historic Places listings in Virginia
National Register of Historic Places listings in Augusta County, Virginia
References
Staunton |
17337901 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%20Jackson | Dick Jackson | Dick Jackson (born c. 1878) was an English footballer and manager who played for Middlesbrough and Sunderland as a Central defender and later managed the English football club Darlington from 1912 to 1919. Under his management, Darlington won the North Eastern League title in 1913.
References
External links
Dicky Jackson's careers stats at The Stat Cat
1870s births
English footballers
Middlesbrough F.C. players
Sunderland A.F.C. players
Darlington F.C. managers
Year of death missing
Association football defenders
English football managers |
17337902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amara%20alpestris | Amara alpestris | Amara alpestris is a species of beetle of the genus Amara in the family Carabidae that is native to Asia.
Subspecies
There are seven subspecies of A. alpestris:
Amara alpestris alpestris A. Villa & G.B. Villa, 1833
Amara alpestris baldensis K. & J. Daniel, 1898
Amara alpestris bonomii Holdhaus, 1942
Amara alpestris dolomitana K. & J. Daniel, 1898
Amara alpestris interjecta Holdhaus, 1942
Amara alpestris munda Holdhaus, 1942
Amara alpestris pasubiana K. & J. Daniel, 1898
References
alpestris
Beetles of Asia
Beetles described in 1833 |
6906486 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20for%20Yesterday | Time for Yesterday | Time For Yesterday is a science fiction novel by American writer A. C. Crispin set in the fictional Star Trek Universe. It is a sequel to Crispin's earlier novel, Yesterday's Son, and describes a second encounter between the crew of the USS Enterprise and Spock's son, Zar.
The two books followed the original series episode "All Our Yesterdays", and Time For Yesterday is subtitled The Yesterday Saga, Book 2.
Plot summary
The Guardian of Forever has malfunctioned and is emitting waves of accelerated time that are causing premature star deaths throughout the galaxy. After Spock recalls that his son Zar was once able to communicate telepathically with the Guardian, the Enterprise is placed under the temporary command of Admiral Kirk and detailed to transport a powerful telepath to the Guardian. The telepath manages to partially restore the Guardian's time travel functions but collapses in a comatose state. Using the Guardian, Kirk, Spock, and Dr. McCoy travel into the past of the planet Sarpeidon to find Zar, hoping that his powerful telepathy combined with Vulcan shield training will allow him to successfully restore the Guardian to its normal state.
They find Zar in charge of a small, technologically advanced settlement that is about to engage in a battle with an alliance of less advanced but more numerous enemy clans. His death in the coming battle has been foretold by the priestess Wynn, the daughter of one of the enemy clan chiefs, who declares that the alliance will be denied victory only if "he who is halt walks healed" and "he who is death-struck in battle rises whole." "He who is halt" clearly refers to Zar, who walks with a painful limp because of a leg injury he suffered many years before. In order to increase his city's odds of survival, Zar has Wynn kidnapped and betrothed, forcing her father to change sides. The Enterprise men manage to convince him to come back with them and deal with the Guardian, although he insists that he will return afterward to fight in the battle despite the prophecy.
Zar successfully melds with the Guardian and returns its consciousness to its physical structure, along with a burst of energy that turns out to be several beings of pure energy. The Guardian explains that it abandoned its duties to search for its Creators, who long ago evolved into beings of pure energy and entered another dimension. Its fundamental programming required it to answer their summons and bring them home, and the resource drain connected to the search resulted in its apparent malfunction. The Creators are immensely old and senile, and wish to find their home system to die there; but they have forgotten where it is. The Creators assume the form of people drawn from the memories of the Enterprise men in order to converse with them. While some of the beings act in a benevolent manner, a few seem capricious and cruel, and even completely deranged. Eventually, Kirk and the others manage to convince them that their search would endanger intelligent life throughout the galaxy, and they re-enter another dimension via the Guardian. The Guardian, with the assistance of Zar and Spock, is able to force the remaining, less rational Creators to comply.
McCoy convinces Zar to undergo treatment and physical therapy aboard the Enterprise, healing his limp and giving him a greater chance of survival in the coming battle. Zar achieves peak physical condition and is able to walk normally again, fulfilling the first half of Wynn's prophecy. When he returns to Sarpeidon's past, Spock follows him, intending to help save him in the battle. Spock is unable to prevent the death-blow from landing, although he deflects it slightly, and Zar is unconscious but still alive. In order to fulfill the second half of the prophecy, Spock puts on Zar's armor and shows himself to the army, leading them to believe their leader has risen whole from being "death-struck".
Upon seeing this, most of the remaining clans surrender and Zar's army wins the battle. After ensuring that Zar will survive the blow and leaving him to Wynn's care, Spock returns to the present.
Characters
Mr. Spock
Zar
Captain James T. Kirk
Dr. Leonard McCoy
Wynn
Guardian of Forever
Audio version
The book is available in an audiobook adaptation read by James Doohan and Leonard Nimoy.
Release details
1988, USA, Pocket Books , April 1988, Softcover
Background
Crispin said that of the four Star Trek novels she wrote, Time for Yesterday was the one of which she was most proud, "because it was a prequel to Wrath of Khan, my favorite Trek film. Also, it was fun to write a love story for Zar."
Reception
Ellen Cheeseman-Meyer of Tor.com described the "Yesterday Saga" as "both precious and hilarious."
References
External links
Time For Yesterday at Memory Alpha, the Star Trek wiki
1988 American novels
Novels based on Star Trek: The Original Series
Novels by Ann C. Crispin |
20477026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathy%27s%20Clown%20%28You%20Am%20I%20song%29 | Cathy's Clown (You Am I song) | "Cathy's Clown" is the first single from the album Hi Fi Way by Australian rock band, You Am I. It was released in 1995 and was the band's first single to reach the Australian Top 40 singles chart, peaking at number 36. It was listed at number 84 in the Triple J Hottest 100, 1995, an opinion poll of national radio station Triple J's listeners.
Track listing
"Cathy's Clown" – 2:25
"Hi-Way Fi" – 2:55
"Gira E Respira" – 5:03
"In the Street" – 2:03
"Hi-Way Fi" and "Gira E Respira" are You Am I originals (Tim Rogers), and the former track can be found on the Hi Fi Ways bonus live disc, Someone Else's Crowd. "In the Street" is a cover of Big Star's song, written by its members Chris Bell and Alex Chilton.
Charts
References
1995 singles
You Am I songs
1995 songs
Songs written by Tim Rogers (musician)
Songs written by Rusty Hopkinson
Songs written by Andy Kent |
17337906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amara%20alpina | Amara alpina | Amara alpina is a species of beetle of the genus Amara in the family Carabidae. It is native to northern parts of Europe and Asia. It was first described by the Swedish entomologist Gustaf von Paykull in 1790.
Description
The adult length is . This beetle is mainly black and the elytra are reddish-black and etched with fine longitudinal striations. The legs are often red.
Distribution
Amara alpina is a beetle of cold regions at high altitudes and high latitudes. Its range includes Norway, Sweden, Finland, Great Britain, Siberia and Mongolia. It is also present in Alaska, and it recolonised Canada after the end of the last ice age. It is believed to have survived further south in western Beringia and the northern part of the contiguous United States, and moved northwards when conditions ameliorated and the ice retreated.
Behaviour
In Scandinavia this beetle is often found on dwarf birch (Betula nana), dwarf willow (Salix herbacea), glacier buttercup (Ranunculus glacialis), alpine bearberry (Arctostaphylos alpina), moss bell heather (Harrimanella hypnoides), crowberry (Empetrum) and arctic wood-rush (Luzula nivalis).
Amara alpina was one of three species of beetle that has been observed in Finland eating the dead bodies of other insects on snowfields.
References
alpina
Beetles of Asia
Beetles described in 1790
Insects of the Arctic
Taxa named by Gustaf von Paykull |
6906505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Puget%20Sound%20Community%20College | South Puget Sound Community College | South Puget Sound Community College is a public community college in southwest Olympia, Washington. The college contains and is serving about 5,300 full and part-time students as of the fall 2020 quarter.
The school offers transfer associate degree programs, transition studies program, professional technical programs, and corporate and continuing education programs. As of fall 2020, SPSCC offers 78 degrees and certificates in 30 areas. It also offers short-term study abroad program designed by the Washington State Community College Consortium for Study Abroad (WCCCSA).
In 2021, SPSCC was named among the nations' 150 best community colleges by the Aspen Institute, which is determined by student outcomes in learning, completion rates, employments rates and incomes, and equity.
History
South Puget Sound Community College was established in 1962 as Olympia Vocational Technical Institute (OVTI) located at the old Montgomery Ward Building in downtown Olympia. The Olympia school board had been working since 1957 to widen education opportunity in the Olympia area for adults, originally via classes offered at Olympia High School. By 1966, technical training expanded to 14 fields in respect to Olympia citizens' requests. The Community College Act of 1967 gave the Olympia Vocational Institute the option to either remain with Olympia School District or to merge into the community college system. The school decided to join the community college system, merging into district 12 under the control of Centralia Community College, becoming Olympia Technical Community College (OTCC) in 1976.
By 1982, a few hundred students were first awarded Associate of Arts Degree and more programs were added at the school. In 1984, college was renamed South Puget Sound Community College to reflect its progressive record.
Academics
Transfer Degrees
Many SPSCC students transfer to a 4-year university or college as a college junior after earning an Associate’s Degree with 90 credits at SPSCC. Under the direct transfer agreement (DTA), many Washington State colleges, out-of-state colleges accept DTA degree. In the year 2017-2018, 77% of DTA graduates have transferred to public institutions in Washington state, 11% transferred to out-of-state public institutions, and 10% transferred to other private institutions. Direct transfer degree includes Associate in Arts, Associate in Biology, Associate in Business, Associate in Computer Science, Associate in Music, Associate in Nursing, and Associate in Pre Nursing. In addition to those direct transfer degrees, an Associate in Science degree is also offered.
Transition Studies Program
Transition Studies Program courses includes Adult Basic Education (ABE), Integrated Basic Education and Skills Training program (I-BEST), HS+ (High School+), GED preparation classes, and the English as a Second Language (ESL) program.
Professional Technical Program
The Professional Technical Program offers 20 programs designed for gaining technical skills for future careers or to prepare for a new career. After the completion of the program, students can earn Associate in Applied Science degree or a certification.
Corporate and Continuing Education
The Corporate and Continuing Education program offers classes that are dedicated to specific skills such as consulting, personal training, and start-up training for students to learn and acquire in accordance with their interests.
Student media
A student-led magazine, The Sounds, is provided approximately once a month, throughout the school. The change from newspaper to magazine happened in 2019. The Sounds provides news related to Campus life, Community, Arts & Entertainment, and Op-ed.
Hawks Prairie Campus (Lacey Campus)
A satellite campus (referred to as the Hawks Prairie Campus) was located in the neighboring city of Lacey at the Hawks Prairie center until spring of 2015. It has since been replaced by the new Lacey Campus. As well as the programs offered at the Olympia campus, it also offers for-credit courses, and courses that are oriented to varying quarterly and real-life themes. In addition, Center for Business and Innovation (CB&I), dedicated to promoting Business innovation and growth is located in the Lacey campus.
Athletics
South Puget Sound Community College competes in the Northwest Athletic Conference (NWAC) as the Clippers, fielding a men's and women's soccer team, a women's volleyball team and men's and women's teams for basketball.
In 2021, women's soccer team was introduced to SPSCC by the Clipper Athletics Program.
In 2021, students from Women's Volleyball and Men's Soccer were selected for the Northwest Athletic Conference (NWAC) West Region All-Star Teams.
References
External links
Official website
Community colleges in Washington (state)
Universities and colleges in Olympia, Washington |
20477038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Evans%20%28Australian%20sportsman%29 | William Evans (Australian sportsman) | William Thomas "Poley" Evans (9 April 1876 – 19 July 1964) was an Australian sportsman. He captained Queensland at first-class cricket and represented Australia in rugby union. He was born in Indooroopilly, Queensland and died at Buranda, Queensland.
Rugby union career
Evans, who played on the wing, won two caps for Australia at rugby in 1899 as a winger in the national side. His debut game was against Matthew Mullineux's first British Lions to tour Australia at the Sydney Cricket Ground on 24 June 1899, the inaugural rugby Test match played by an Australian national representative side. He scored a try in that match and is listed on rugby records by the name 'Poley' Evans. Four weeks later he played in the second Test in Brisbane. His performance in that match was noted as excellent by the press. He made a state appearance for Queensland that year against those same tourists. Poley's younger brother Lew Evans also represented for Australia from 1903 to 1904.
Cricket career
Evans, who often batted with the tail, made just one first-class century. It came against New South Wales at the Brisbane Cricket Ground in 1908, when he came in at number nine in the batting order and scored 103 not out.
When he returned to cricket in 1902 it was as a wicket-keeper and he kept wicket for all but one of his first-class matches from that point.
Queensland didn't play in the Sheffield Shield during Evans's career so most of his appearances were in Brisbane, when they took on touring states. He regularly captained Queensland and even had the honour of captaining an Australian XI for a first-class match against South Africa in 1910.
When Evans made his first-class debut in 1899, it was as an all-rounder. Bowling right arm overarm, he took 7/70, despite his opponents the South Australians amassing 582 runs. It was the first ever time the two states had met at first-class level and thus Evans has the distinction of being the first Queenslander to take a five wicket haul against South Australia.
Published references
Collection (1995) Gordon Bray presents The Spirit of Rugby, HarperCollins Publishers Sydney
Howell, Max (2005) Born to Lead - Wallaby Test Captains, Celebrity Books, Auckland NZ
Footnotes
External links
1876 births
1964 deaths
Australian cricketers
Queensland cricketers
Queensland cricket captains
Australian rugby union players
Australia international rugby union players
Cricketers from Brisbane
Wicket-keepers
Rugby union players from Brisbane
Rugby union wings |
6906510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raid%20%28band%29 | Raid (band) | Raid were a Tennessee based straight edge hardcore punk band that formed after the break-up of the hardcore band One Way. Raid were a part of the Hardline subculture, which combined the tenets of straight edge (a no drugs, no alcohol lifestyle) with militant veganism and environmentalism.
History
Along with the Californian band Vegan Reich and the English band, Statement, Raid helped pioneer the vegan straight edge movement and the hardline lifestyle and ideology.
Their lyrics strongly expressed of their stance against drugs, alcohol, abortion, sexism and racism, and for animal liberation and radical ecology. Their output started as fairly conventional hardcore punk, which gradually evolved to incorporate elements of heavy metal and they effectively became spokesmen for the Hardline movement.
In 1989, they self-released a demo tape and this led to a seven-inch EP called Words of War a year later through Vegan Reich's own label, Hardline Records. The band split as they moved away from the straight edge lifestyle, but not before recording one last session. The recordings were released by Hardline Records as the posthumous Above The Law LP and CD in 1994. This was later re-released in 1995 by Victory Records as the Hands Off the Animals CD.
Members
Steve Lovett – vocals
Jason VanAuken – guitars
Chad Cathy – guitars
Mark Whitlock – bass
Steve Capehart – drums
Discography
Albums
Above the Law (1992)
EPs
Demo (1989)
Words of War (1989)
Hands off the Animals (1995)
See also
Hardline (subculture)
Animal rights and punk subculture
References
External links
Interview at Scribd
Metalcore musical groups from Tennessee
Straight edge groups
Victory Records artists |
6906525 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toula%2C%20Zgharta | Toula, Zgharta | Toula () is a small village in North Lebanon in Zgharta District (or Quadaa). It is above sea level and is primarily a recreational village. Descendants of the original full-time residents of Toula do not reside in Toula during the winter months. Heavy snow fall typically makes Toula's mountainous roads inaccessible. However, Toula's original families occupied the village on a year-round basis. Settling families and early residents developed a climatic tolerance and adapted to Toula's harsh winter months.
Demographics
Toula has an estimated approximate population of 1,000. The last national census was conducted in 1932.
At the beginning of the 20th century, similar to other Lebanese towns and cities, these village residents emigrated to different locations around the world. Significant numbers have emigrated to the United States of America, Canada, Australia, Argentina, Brazil and other countries. A distinctive percentage of current village residents have achieved secondary education and professional school levels. [cite pending] Census reports indicated that a high proportion of these residents hold professional degrees in medicine, law, engineering and education. Additionally, numerous business entrepreneurs are village residents.
Economy
Toula's topography has earned the village a country-wide reputation for its productive fertile soil. Fertile soil and climatic conditions together, produce high quality agricultural products. Representative products are tomatoes, cucumbers, apples, pears, apricots, and grapes. Residents also produce an alcoholic beverage made from high grade varieties of grapes and anise. The alcoholic distilled beverage Arak is produced primarily for use by residents. The aniseed-flavored Arak is the national, cultural drink of Lebanon.
Religion
The village population consists almost exclusively of Lebanese Maronite Catholics, who staunchly preserve their Maronite heritage founded under St. Charbel of Lebanon.
The patron saint of Toula is known as Saint Assia (مار أسيا) . Toulanians build a church in its honor in the middle of the village.
The village is popular for its Saint Assia annual summer festival, held the last Sunday of September. The Saint Assia summer festival is celebrated with an outdoor party, where Arak, Lebanese cultural dancing, tolling the St. Assia Church bell and cultural cuisine, Hrissi, are a part of the festivities.
See also
Arbet Kozhaya
External links
Toula - Aslout, Localiban
Toula Museum of Australia Inc.
Toula Blog
on Zgharta.com
Photos of Toula
Ehden Family Tree
Zgharta District
Populated places in the North Governorate
Maronite Christian communities in Lebanon |
23577510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgi%20Abashvili | Giorgi Abashvili | Georgy Abashvili (; , Georgiy Semyonovich Abashvili) (8 January 1910 – 26 September 1982) was a Soviet naval commander and vice-admiral (1955).
An ethnic Georgian, Abashvili was born in Tbilisi, Georgia, then part of the Russian Empire. He graduated from the Leningrad Naval College in 1931 and joined the Soviet Baltic Fleet with which he served through the Finnish campaign and World War II. In 1944, he was deputy chief of staff of the Baltic Fleet and also commanded a division of destroyers which played a vital role in relieving the blockade of Leningrad. In 1953 he was senior officer with the Soviet vessels visiting Poland and in 1954 with those called in Finland. During the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, Abashvili was deputy commander-in-chief to Issa Pliyev and naval commander in the proposed Group of Soviet forces in Cuba (Operation Anadyr). According to one account, he was against the immediate use of force during the crisis days. He is said to have delayed the Soviet missile launch order during the height of tensions and became one of the people who contributed in preventing a nuclear war. He retired the same year and died of stroke in Leningrad in 1982.
References
1910 births
1982 deaths
Military personnel from Tbilisi
People from Tiflis Governorate
Soviet admirals
Soviet Georgian admirals
Soviet military personnel of the Winter War
Soviet military personnel of World War II
People of World War II from Georgia (country)
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of Nakhimov, 2nd class
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Recipients of the Order of the Red Star
Burials at Serafimovskoe Cemetery |
56564559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarred%20Shaw | Jarred Shaw | Jarred Shaw (born September 28, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for Trouville of the Liga Uruguaya de Básquetbol (LUB).
Professional career
On October 31, 2015, Shaw was selected by the Santa Cruz Warriors with the 18th overall pick in the 2015 NBA Development League Draft. He signed for Dorados de Chihuahua of the Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional (LNBP) in August 2019. In February 2020 he signed for Club Trouville of Montevideo, Uruguay, and played during the 2019–20 LUB season.
Career statistics
|-
| align="left" | 2017-18
| align="left" | Fukushima
|59 ||24 || 18.3 ||.496 || .280 ||.696 || 5.3 || 0.8 || 0.4 ||0.6 || 11.8
|-
References
1990 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Argentina
American expatriate basketball people in Japan
American expatriate basketball people in Mexico
American expatriate basketball people in Thailand
American expatriate basketball people in Turkey
American expatriate basketball people in Uruguay
Club Africain basketball players
Dorados de Chihuahua (LNBP) players
Fukushima Firebonds players
Oklahoma State Cowboys basketball players
Santa Cruz Warriors players
Utah State Aggies men's basketball players
American men's basketball players
Centers (basketball)
Power forwards (basketball) |
23577516 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%E2%80%9301%20Libyan%20Premier%20League | 2000–01 Libyan Premier League | Following are the statistics of the Libyan Premier League for the 2000–01 season. The Libyan Premier League () is the highest division of Libyan football championship, organised by Libyan Football Federation. It was founded in 1963 and features mostly professional players.
Overview
It was contested by 14 teams, and Al Madina Tripoli won the championship.
Final
Al Madina Tripoli 1-1 Al Tahaddy Benghazi
Al Madina Tripoli won on PK
References
Libya - List of final tables (RSSSF)
Libyan Premier League seasons
1
Libyan Premier League |
56564573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrow%20International%20School%20Shanghai | Harrow International School Shanghai | Harrow International School Shanghai () is a British international boarding and day, all-through school in Waigaoqiao, Pudong, Shanghai. It opened in August 2016 and is the fourth in the Harrow family of schools in the Asia region in association with Harrow School and The John Lyon School in London. The School provides a British independent style of education from early years to Y13.
Location
Harrow has a campus with a designated 2% green space ratio, located within the Sunland project in the Waigaoqiao area of Pudong District in Shanghai.
The school
School structure
The School is divided into twenty phases of progression as follows:
The Early Years (K3 and K2) follows the English-based ‘Early Years Foundation Stage’ Curriculum.
The Pre-Prep School (Y1 to Y4) follows the English-based ‘National Curriculum of England’.
The Prep School (Y5 to Y8) is offered to help pupils manage the transition from the homeroom environment in the Pre-Prep School to the more subject-specific environment in the Senior School.
The Senior School (Y9 to Y11) curriculum is based on IGCSE courses studied over two years (Y10 to Y11).
The Sixth Form (Y12 to Y13) curriculum is based on A-level courses studied over two years.
Extra-curricular activities
"As with the other Harrow International Schools, a very comprehensive extra-curricular programme, which is called Leadership in Action, being the practical application of the Harrow International’s vision statement, will involve all students and teachers every week. Leadership in Action includes community service, outdoor education, sport, the performing arts and a wide range of clubs and hobbies."
The campus
The campus covers . The facilities include:
six-storey library
50 science laboratories
swimming pool
Double-sized sports hall
Roof-top running track
Football and rugby pitch
Rooftop gardens
Computing suites
Art and design studios
Modern music and drama complex
Medical centre
A comprehensive and fully integrated but useless air filtration system
See also
Harrow International School Bangkok
Harrow International School Beijing
Harrow International School Hong Kong
References
External links
High schools in Shanghai
Educational institutions established in 2016
British international schools in Shanghai
Pudong
2016 establishments in China |
56564628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenz%20B%C3%A4umer | Lorenz Bäumer | Lorenz Bäumer (born in 1965 in Washington, D.C.) is a jeweler and the founder and director of the company of the same name located at 19, Place Vendôme Paris, France. Born to a French mother and a German diplomatic father, Baumer lived his early years in the United States, Jordan, Germany, Austria, Canada and Israel. He moved to Paris at the age of 15 and, in 1988, started to make costume jewelry. In late 2010, Charlene Wittstock and Albert II of Monaco choose the tiara for their marriage. He married Géraldine Becq de Fouquières, co-founder, with Stanislas Couteaux, brother of far-right politician Paul-Marie Coûteaux, of the online property rental site Book-a-flat.
Recognition
He was made a Knight in the Order of Arts and Letters in 2004 and then an Officer in 2009. He became a Knight of the Legion of Honor in 2010. He won the Vogue Joyas Special Prize in tribute to his artistic vision and his professional career in 2009). He received the Audacity Award for Talents in Luxury and Creation in 2017.
References
1965 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Paris |
26721908 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumarakovil | Kumarakovil | Kumarakoil or Kumarakovil is a small village located in the Kanyakumari district in Tamil Nadu, India.
Murugan temple
Kumarakovil is an important and renowned Murugan temple in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu. It is near Thuckalay, 15 km from Nagercoil. Kumara Koil, also called "Kumara Shethram" and "Subramania Sthala" in Malayalam, and "CHERA NATTU AERAGAM" in ancient Tamil script (Tholkappiyam) is at the foothills of the Velimalai Hills also known as "Velvi Malai", and Merkada malai means the southern end of the Western Ghats. Prior to 1950, Kanyakumari District was first in Chera Kingdom (Chera Nadu), later in Trivancore samasthanam (province) and then present-day Kerala State. During the Tamil Sangam period, Kumara Koil was known as Thiruveragam as evidenced from Thirumurugattupadai, the Sangam literature written by poet Nakkeerar. The name of the temple has changed since the Tamil Sangam period, under the successive rulers of the area. Thus, Kumara koil is also known as Thiruveragam (Thiru Earagam), Malai Nattu Oru Thiruppathi, Subramania Sthala, Kumara Shethra etc.
The temple is built on the foot hills of Veli Malai where, according to legends, Lord Muruga enacted a drama to win the heart of Valli the divine child found in the hillock by Nambi Arasan, a chieftain who ruled over the place with Thirukkurungudi (Valliyoor) as his capital. The temple faces east and can be reached by a flight of thirty eight steps.
Beyond the comparatively small but beautiful rajagopuram, Veerabaahu and Veeramagendra stand guard over the Lord. The statue of Muruga in the moolasthanam is in standing posture. It is eight feet eight inches height in varadha hastham. The height of the statue of Valli amman is to the left side of the Lord in standing porture and is six feet two inches. Apart from Valli sametha Murugan sannithanam (temple), sannithanams are dedicated to Lord Shiva (Mahadevar), Parvathy (Shivakami Ammai), Kalyana Vinayagar, Shree Dharma Sastha, Ilaya Naynar (Child Murugan), and Arumuga Nayinar (Brahmachari Murugan). A Sannithanam has been dedicated to Dhakshan,which is considered to be a unique feature. This may be perhaps Daksha Prajapati, one of the first creations of Lord Brahma and father in law of Lord Shiva might have attended the divine marriage of Lord Muruga in his capacity as maternal grandfather. The sacred tree (sthala virusham) is a vengai tree. The tree died long ago and the trunk can now be found in a separate enclosure. The Theppakulam (sacred lake) where the devotees take bath before darshan (oblation) of the Lord, bears fresh stream water sourced from the hill top, all the time. There are separate enclosures for the sacred cows, bulls, peacock etc., in the temple enclosure. Devotees feed them and the fish in the theppakulam. Anna Thanam (feeding poor people) is being done on a daily basis. It is believed auspicious to feed the first feed to the children in the precincts of the Lord. Marriages, ear boring ceremonies etc., are held there and offering like head trouncing, Palkudam, Kavadi etc., are being fulfilled there by devotees.
During Navaratri] Pooja, Annai Adi Parasakthi (the divine mother of Lord Muruga) leave Sushintharam temple situate in Nagercoil, and perform a yatra in Pallakku to Trivandrum, the headquarters of the Kerala State, to participate in the Navarathiri Pooja celebrations at the Devi Koil in the vicinity of the Trivandrum Palace. Lord Muruga from Kumarakoil also accompany Annai in a procession, riding a horse. This practice has been in vogue since 1840 when the rulers of the erstwhile Trivancore Samasthanam (province) changed their headquarters from Padmanabhapuram in Thuckalay to Trivandrum. This practice exemplifies the strong connection between the erstwhile Malai Nattu (kerala) rulers and Kumarakoil.
Velimalai
Vellimalai is the southern tip of the Western Ghats and Kumarakoil is in the foothills of Velimalai. There is ample evidence to show Kumarakoil is the Earagam referred to in Silappathigaram. The places connected with Valli in and around Veli Malai are evidences that conforms to the story of the marriage of Lord Muruga with Valli at Valli Malai. The Valli marriage is re-enacted every year in the Tamil month of Painkuni (March–April). There is a temple dedicated to Nambirajan on the hilltop of Thirukurangudi the then-capital of the chieftain. After the birth of Valli, the name of the place was changed to Valliyur. The thala varalaru (history of the temple) written by Shri Annalar Adigal mentioned that when Valli was found abandoned in Velvimalai by Nambirajan, his capital was Valliyur (Thirukurankudi). Later he changed his capital to ‘Thenkattur’ near Velvi malai and Valli was brought up there.
References in legends
Legends have it that Lord Muruga is the cosmic son of Lord Shiva, created by Shivas third eye. He was created to destroy three demon brothers (Asuras) Soorapathuman, Singamugasuran and Tharakasuran who were a source of misery to the Devas (devine people). The annihilation of the demons by Lord Muruga at Thiruchendur is still being enacted there every year and in almost every temple dedicated to Lord Muruga world over. The celebration is known as "Soora Samharam". Ancient scripts refer to only four Padai veedu. Padai means army (here divine powers) and veedu means one’s own dwelling (here temple). They are, Thrucheeralaivai (Thiruchendur), Thiruvavinamkudi (Palani malai), Thruvoragam (Kumara Koil) and Kuntuthoradal (all mountain temples dedicated to Lord Muruga). According to Hindu belief, Lord Muruga lives in all the mountains, and where there is abundant beauty, there lives Lord Muruga. The Padaiveedu or the most sacred places connected with the sacred deeds of the Lord is described in the Sangam literature Thirumurukatrupadai (written by Nakkeerar) and in Thiruppugal. Avvaiyar and Agastya halso composed many songs on the different forms of Muruga seen in the six abodes.
Lord Muruga has two consorts, Devanai and Valli, who are sisters. After prolonged penance they were destined to marry Lord Muruga. Devanai, the first consort, was married at Thiruparankundram near Madurai after Soorasamharam at Tiruchendur. There in the temple dedicated to Lord Muruga, the Lord is with Devanai alone. Valli the second consort of the Lord was married at Velimalai or Velvi Malai. This was Love marriage (Kantharva Kalyanam). Therefore, Devanai did not attend the marriage celebrations. As such, the goddess Valli alone is with Subramania in the holey temple dedicated to Lord Muruga at Kumarakoil. Therefore, it is natural that the two marriage places are within the ambit of the Padai Veedu of Lord Muruga. The history of the temple is available in book form. The history written by Annalar Adigal refers to many evidences including stone carvings. Kumara Koil is a religious important place for the Hindus, especially people from Kerala and Tamil Nadu State. During the Tamil month of Masi, countless devotees from Kerala come to worship the Bhagavathi Amman at Mandaikadu and Lord Subramania at Kumara Shethram.
References in literature
The temple is considered to be one of the "Padai veedu" (the places where the Lord showered divine powers) of Lord Muruga. The sangam literature "Thirumurugattu Padai" written by poet Nakkeerar refers to the place unique in the sense that the devotees there wear only wet clothes only in the lower part of their body and enter the temple in the early morning with flowers to have oblation. This unique feature of worship is being followed there at Kumaran Koil till date. Prof. N.K. Mangala Murugesan in his book "Muruganin Arupadai veedugal" write, As per Thirumurugattupadai, in Earagthu Murugan temple, the Brahmins who observed a bharamacharya viradha for forty eight years sang veda mantras and the Aruchagas wearing wet lower garments and saying the six letter manthra (ohm saravanabhava) performed archanas. This practice is in vogue in Kumara shetram even now. On this basis, Earagam is Kumara shethram or Subramania Sthala besides the western ghats.
The Tamil epic "Silappathykaram" written by Ilango Adigal refers four shetras (temples) as Padai veedu of Lord Muruga. Silappathikaram Vanji Kandam refers to,-"seerkezhu Senthilum, Sengodum, Venkuntum, Eragamum Neenga Eraivankai Vel….." These are perhaps Thruchendur, Palani, Thirupparankuntam, Kumarakoil (Thiruveragam) in present-day Madurai, Thoothukudi and Kanyakumari Districts. Some say that venguntu is Swamimalai. How it could be that scholars like Elangovadigal omit the place at which murugan married Deivanai, that too very near to the city of Madurai which is the theme centre of Silappathikaram. After burning Madurai, Kannagi went alongside Vaigai river and reached the Western ghats. There, the people saw Kannagi and enquired about her. They exclaimed that you are like our Valli, but you are in distress. Who are you? Mangala Devi Koil dedicated to Kannagi by the Madurai King Cheran Chenguttuvan is in the Mangaladevi mountains alongside Periyaru river. This enhance the belief that Valli was brought up in the Western Ghats.
Nachinarkuenier who had written meaning (arumpathavurai) for the poetry Thirumurugattupadai asserted that Earagam is ‘Malai Nattu Oru Thiruppathi’. Malai Nadu means Cheralam now known as Kerala. Veli Malai was part of Travancore Samasthanam in olden days. The place was part of Cherala Nadu when Silapathigaram was written. After Independence too this place was part of the present Kerala State. After a prolonged agitation under the leadership of great leaders like Nesamani Nadar, Ponnappa Nadar etc., the taluks of Thovalai, Agastheeswaram, Kalkulam, Vilavancode, and half of Neyyatinkarai were ceded to Tamil Nadu. In the intermittent period, when Earagam was with Cheralam, the scholars like Arunagirinathar ( 15th century) a staunch devotee of Lord Muruga was probably interested in creating one of the padai veedu in the vicinity of Kumbakonam, one of the temple cities in Tamil Nadu. In the belief that the people of Tamil Nadu had lost track of Thiruveragam, one of the Padai Veedu referred to in ancient scriptures, he had written that Earagam is Swami Malai, without considering the fact that Illangovadigal, lived thousands of years before him had written that Earagam is in Chera Nadu. Swami malai is in erstwhile Chola Nadu. The temple dedicated to Lord Muruga there is in the top of a man made hillock and the existing landmarks and practice referred to about Earagam in Thirumurugattupadai is lacking there.
Puranas
Puranas refers to land mass, mountains and rivers beyond the present-day Kanyakumari. As per the Vishnu Purana, the southern tip of Bharatavarsha was known as Kumarika. Beyond the boundaries of Bharatavarsha lived the disbelievers (those who disbelieve in the Vedas). Vishnu Purana further says ‘Godavari, Bheemrati and Krishnaveli rivers rise from Sahaya Mountains. Kritmala and Tamraparni rivers rise from Malayachal. Trisama and Aryakulya rivers rise from Mahendragiri. Rishikulya and Kumari rivers rise from Shuktiman Mountain. All these rivers have scores of other branches and tributaries.’ There are references to rivers running from Mahendragiri mountains situate in the present day Tirunelveli-Kanyakumari Districts. According to Puranas, Veera Mahendragiri was the citadel of the Asuras. The Asura Loga Chirpi (divine architect) Mayan has constructed a city for the Asuras there. The three Asuras, whom Lord Muruga annihilated at Tiruchendur ruled over the place from Mahendragiri. The rivers referred to in the Puranas are not there now, and might have dried out. There are references to Shaktiman ranges of mountains and rivers including Kumari river originating from them. These ranges and rivers are extinct and it might have been part of the Kumari Kandam where the first two Tamil sangams (the congregation of Tamil poets) were reportedly held. Kumari Kandam was inundated, probably by a prayalaya (tsunami). Present day Tamaraparani river running through the city of Tirunelveli is referred to in the Puranas. It is said to have originated from the Malayachal ranges. Therefore, Malayachal ranges are nothing but the southern tip of western ghats. Inference could be made that the words Malayan, Malayalam, Malai Nadu, etc., could have been sourced from the purana words Malaya, and Malayachal.
Inference is being made by some people that Valli kalyanam was performed at Tiruttani. Valli kalyanam is love marriage (kantharva kalyanam) and Devanai did not attend it. In Tiruttani, Muruga peruman is alone and his two consorts are in separate sannithanams. Kantha puranam lines read as "venki uritha paramparan ma magan vengai uru kolave" which means the great son of Lord Shiva disguised as a Vengai tree. Therefore, Vengai tree is an inseparable part of Valli Kalyanam (marriage). This evidence is present in Kumarakoil. Those being enough evidence to prove that the Kantharva kalyanam of Lord Muruga with Valli did take place at Kumara Koil. Enough evidence is available to show that Valli was born and brought up at Veli Malai where Kumarakoil situate. It is the Tamil tradition that the marriage ceremony is celebrated at the bride's place and the bride, after marriage shall go and live with the groom's family. Veli Malai, or Velvi Malai or Thenkadu or Earagam is Valli’s place and therefore as per tradition, after the divine marriage, Valli amman and Lord Muruga would have moved to another place, probably Tiruttani, and settled there in disharmony with Devani, the first consort of the Lord, who was angry on hearing the news about the marriage of Muruga with Valli. Therefore, the two consorts are in two different sannithanams at Thiruttani. Later they sorted out their differences when it was revealed that they were sisters in their previous birth, and both are destined to marry the Lord as a reward for their severe penance, and lived in harmony.
Geography
Kumarakoil can be reached by road from Nagercoil (15 km), Thuckalay (3 km) and Trivandrum (45 km). Bus facilities are available. The area's landscape is characterised by paddy fields, banana gardens, and coconut trees, with mountains visible in the distance.
Education
Noorul Islam College of Arts and Science
References
Sources
http://murugan.org/temples/kumarakoil.htm
http://www.nanjilonline.com/tourism/kumarakovil.asp
http://murugan.org/centers/ramji_ashram.htm
Sangam literature Thirumurugattupadai written by poet Nakkeerar.
‘Velimalai Kumarakoil Thala Varalaru’ written by Shri Annalar Adigal.
Vishnu Purana.
Kantha Puranam in Tamil language
Villages in Kanyakumari district |
56564649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klau%20and%20Buena%20Vista%20Mine%20Superfund%20site | Klau and Buena Vista Mine Superfund site | The Klau/Buena Vista Mine is a Superfund site located approximately 12 miles west of Paso Robles, San Luis Obispo County, California. It consists of two abandoned mercury mine sites (Klau and Buena Vista) that are located on adjacent properties on a northwest–southeast ridge of the Santa Lucia Range in the California coastal mountains. Mercury mining and ore processing operations occurred at these mines between 1868 and 1970.
Episodic weather events left deep erosional channels throughout the site, thereby releasing mercury-laden sediment, which had contributed significant levels of mercury to downstream Las Tablas Creek and Lake Nacimiento Reservoir.
History
The Klau Mine opened in 1868 and yielded nearly 18,000 flasks of mercury by 1940. Operation of the Buena Vista or Mahoney mine started in 1900 and was active until 1970. The Buena Vista mine produced more than 15,000 flasks of mercury. Buena Vista Mines, Inc. has owned the Buena Vista Mine at least since 1957 and the Klau Mine since at least 1964.
For more than 20 years, acid-contaminated water has drained from the mine into Las Tablas Creek. The California Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) ordered the Buena Vista Mines, Inc. to stop discharging water or treat the water before it was released into the creek. In 1994, the company constructed an earthen holding pond to capture the mine water and evaporate it. The pond was built from an existing cattle pond, dug 12 feet deep, and designed to hold 1.5 million gallons of acid-contaminated water. In early 1995, San Luis Obispo County experienced heavy rains. Buena Vista Mines inspected the pond on March 24, 1995, and noticed that the water was one inch from the top. Using a water pump, they pumped out 180,000 gallons and lowered the water level about by 18 inches. David Schwartzbart, an engineering geologist for RWQCB, observed the water run down a concrete channel into the Las Tablas Creek. Schwartzbart tested the water and determined that it was highly acidic. After the criminal charges were brought, Buena Vista Mines constructed a second pond that had a 1,200,000-gallon capacity. They also installed a treatment facility that could treat 10,000 gallons of water per day.
In 1999, the RWQCB requested the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 9's Emergency Response Office to assist in preventing the continued release of mercury-laden sediments and other contaminants from the site. Short-term removal work involved site stabilization, which reduced the discharge of acid mine drainage (AMD) and discharge into Las Tablas Creek. In 2000, EPA removed 120,000 cubic yards of contaminated materials from the drainage channel and secured it in an on-site repository to prevent immediate threats to human health and the environment. In 2002, EPA stabilized a sinkhole on site and also stabilized a slope failure on site. In 2006, EPA removed the mercury processing building (retort) and some mercury-laden soils. Contaminated materials stored on site are temporarily capped and will be addressed in the site's long-term cleanup.
Damage to fishery
During an investigation conducted by California Department of Health Services (CDHS) and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) in February–March 2006, elevated levels of mercury that pose health hazard were found in six species of fish from Lake Nacimiento. Water analysis has shown that the water is safe to drink and recreate in. However, mercury in the sediment has been converted to methylmercury by organisms living in the sediment and then there has been bioaccumulation of methylmercury in fish in the lake.
Cleanup efforts
EPA has spent about $6 million so far to contain the dangerous runoff from the Klau/Buena Vista. The owner, Buena Vista Mines, Inc., began the effort after years of court battles with the state water board. Shortly after the cleanup started, it became too expensive and the mining company quit. In 1999, RWQCB requested EPA to assist on preventing the release of the mercury-laden sediments to water reservoir. The cleanup is paid for by an EPA Superfund.
Legal actions
It was alleged that the Buena Vista Mines, Inc. intentionally violated the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and the Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act by discharging pollutants into Las Tablas Creek which flows into Lake Nacimiento. On January 20, 1998, the Court of Appeal, 2nd District, Division 6, California dismissed the violations on the ground that the mine had established a defense of necessity.
References
Superfund sites in California |
56564737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry%20of%20Local%20Governments%20%28Turkey%29 | Ministry of Local Governments (Turkey) | Ministry of Local Governments () was a former government ministry of Turkey.
The municipalities and the other local offices such as province governorships of Turkey are in the responsibility of the Minister of Interior. During the formation of the 42nd government of Turkey on 5 January 1978, the Ministry of the Local Governments was established for the coordination of the local governments. But it was a short-lived ministry and during the formation of the 43rd government of Turkey on the 12 November 1979, it was abolished and the responsibility of the local governments was retransferred to the Ministry of Interior.
Minister
References
1978 establishments in Turkey
1979 disestablishments in Turkey
Local Governments
Ministries established in 1978
Ministries disestablished in 1979
Local government ministries |
26721924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport%20in%20Vanuatu | Sport in Vanuatu | Sports in Vanuatu are played throughout the country.
Football (Soccer)
Association football is the most popular sport in the country. In 1988, Vanuatu became a member of FIFA and the OFC.
Vanuatu has one of the most advanced technical programs in Oceania, particularly at youth level. The Melanesian nation was chosen as one of six countries globally for a FIFA pilot project whereby players are identified at a young age and selected to train and stay full-time at the national academy. As part of that two-year program for players aged 15–17, consideration is given to continuing school or vocational education.
The men's national football team has never qualified for the World Cup. They finished fourth in the OFC Nations Cup four times and finished runner up in the South Pacific Games.
Basketball
Vanuatu's basketball federation has the country's longest international sports federation membership as it joined the International Federation of Basketball (FIBA) in 1966.
National Sports Federation
After Independence, the National Sports Federations (NSFs) came under the Government body called Vanuatu Amateur Sports Federation (VASF).
The VASF started a “national games” called, the Inter-District Games (IDG) in 1982 that were held bi-annually in selected district capitals of the four districts, namely, the Northern District, Southern District, Central District No.1 and Central District No.2. The last IDG was held in 1988 in Ambae. The “national games” were revived by VASANOC in 1997 under the name, “Inter-Provincial Games” and is now called the Vanuatu National Games. Unlike the IDG, this one had a Games Charter to guide its organization.
A national secondary school games was established in 2000 and organized mainly by schoolteachers but discontinued after the 2005 Games due to funding and lack of consistent school competitions.
The Vanuatu National Olympic Committee was formerly established in March 1987 when IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch visited the country. As required by the Olympic Charter, the five Olympic NSFs that helped to establish the NOC were athletics, basketball, boxing, football and volleyball. All these NSFs had Constitutions that required them to have sports leagues in the islands and were seeking IF membership which was impossible without NOC approval. The IOC Congress in February 1987 in Turkey officially accepted Vanuatu's membership as an IOC member and the country's first participation in the Olympic Games was in the 1988 Games in Seoul, South Korea in the sport of Athletics and Boxing. Since Seoul, Vanuatu has participated in all editions of the Games in Athletics and Archery (in 2000) and Table-Tennis (in 2008). Vanuatu also participated in the inaugural Youth Olympic Games in Singapore in football and 3on3 women's basketball. Since 1988, all Ni-Vanuatu athletes to the Olympics have been wildcards, with exception of Archery in 2000. The Vanuatu Beach-Volleyball Women's Team are currently on track to qualify on merit in the London Games in 2012.
Vanuatu has been participating in the Commonwealth Games since the 1982 Games in Brisbane, Australia in the sport of Athletics consecutively, Boxing (1982 and 1986), Cycling (1990), Table-Tennis (2006 and 2010).
Since Independence, Vanuatu has participated in all editions of the Pacific Games from 1983 in Samoa and Pacific Mini-Games since 1981 in Solomon Islands. However the Government ordered VASF and VNOC not participate in the 1987 Games in New Caledonia in protest over the territory's independence from France. The government-funded VASF which made up most of the NSFs abided by the government decision. However, the newly formed VNOC saw this as political interference and led by the then VNOC (and also VFF) President, Mr Kalman Kiri, defied the decision and sent the football team to compete. This team was tagged “rebel team” by the government. This not only resulted in the government withdrawing funds for Inter-District Games and for the NSFs in VASF but also resulted in the need for NSFs to merge both VASF and VNOC into one main national sports body. In 1990 and with the help of IOC and ONOC, [www.vasanoc.com.vu VASANOC] was formed. At the first AGM in March 1991 the VASANOC Constitution was officially approved and adopted and recognized by the IOC, Government and ONOC. Only 10 NSFs were affiliated to VASANOC when it was formed even though during the years of the Pacific Games, membership increases. Now VERSION has over 25 National Federations in its membership. The 8 NSFs that are organized into Associations, Leagues and Clubs in the rural areas are Athletics, Basketball, Boxing, Football, Handball, Karate, Netball and Volleyball even though the frequency of activities in the provinces differs greatly for each sport. The NSFs operate under their own Constitutions and abide by the Rules and Regulations established by their ISFs and or OSFs.
Apart from participation in the above games, the following Vanuatu sports have participated in their respective world championships either at continental or international levels or both: Archery, Athletics, Basketball, Boxing, Cricket, Football, Handball, Judo, Karate, Netball, Pétanque, Rugby Union, Table-Tennis, Taekwondo, Tennis, Volleyball (Beach Volleyball) and Weightlifting.
In 1989 during the PGC meeting in Tonga, Vanuatu was awarded the right to host the 1993 Pacific Mini-Games.
The National Sports Council Act was drafted that year but approved in Parliament on 17 April 1990 paving the way for the establishment of the VNSC mainly to manage the sports facilities built for these Games and other government-owned sporting facilities in the future. The Minister of Sports appoints all the Council members.
Physical Education as a subject was removed from the education curriculum around the late 1980s as the government opted to concentrate on the academic subjects. The government later reconsidered this and in 2010 approved a new education curriculum that reinstated PE back into it. The actual implementation of the new curriculum for PE will start in 2012.
The VASANOC Board consists of 9 members that are nominated and elected by the NSFs at the Annual General Meeting of VASANOC to serve a four-year term on a voluntary basis.
The current VASANOC Constitution has the following portfolio for each of the Board members, namely Policy and Planning; Administration; Finance and Marketing; International Development; National Development; Provincial Development; Olympic Solidarity; Athlete Development and Women And Sports Development.
From 2003 to 2006, VASANOC reviewed its Constitution and the 2006 Constitution was amended in 2011.
VASANOC maintains close liaison with the Government's Department of Youth and Sport and NSFs in pursuing its activities. The bulk of VASANOC funding for the Pacific Games and Pacific Mini-Games comes from the Government.
The Minister of Sports is a Members of Parliament elected by a constituency and appointed by the Prime Minister according to the political make-up of the ruling government.
In 2011, VASANOC lead the successful Vanuatu Bid to host the 2017 Pacific Games and is currently working with the Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG) for the establishment of the Melanesian Games in the near future.
Cricket is also become very popular in Vanuatu from last decades. Vanuatu National Cricket team is associate member of International Cricket Council of ICC East Asia - Pacific region. Vanuatu has been runners up of ICC East Asia Pacific (EAP) cup against Papua New Guinea.
See also
Sport in Oceania
Culture of Vanuatu
Vanuatu at the Olympics
References
External links |
17337910 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amara%20ambulans | Amara ambulans | Amara ambulans is a species of beetle of the genus Amara in the family Carabidae that is native to Asia.
References
ambulans
Beetles of Asia
Beetles described in 1832 |
26721926 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu%20Yue | Wu Yue | Wu Yue may refer to the following:
Wuyue, a 10th-century kingdom during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
Sacred Mountains of China, also known as "Wu Yue" ("Five Mountains") in Chinese
People
Wu Yue (actor) (born 1976), Chinese male actor
Wu Yue (actress) (born 1976), Chinese actress
Wu Yue (swimmer) (born 1997), Chinese swimmer
Wu Yue (table tennis) (born 1990), American table tennis player
Other uses
Wu (state) and Yue (state), two ancient states during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods
Wu (region), also known as Wuyue, a Chinese region in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces
Speakers of Wu Chinese, also known as Wuyue people, a subgroup of Han Chinese in the Wu region |
17337913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amara%20americana | Amara americana | Amara americana is a species of beetle of the genus Amara in the family Carabidae.
References
americana
Beetles of Asia
Beetles described in 1929
Taxa named by Ernő Csíki |
56564783 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gennady%20Leonov | Gennady Leonov | Gennady Alexeyevich Leonov (; February 2, 1947 in Leningrad, Soviet Union – April 23, 2018) was a Russian scientist, Correspondent Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 2006), Professor at the Saint Petersburg State University, Doctor of Sciences.
Laureate of the 1986 USSR State Prize and 2012 Aleksandr Andronov Russian Academy of Sciences Prize.
He graduated from the Leningrad State University in 1969.
In 1971 he defended his Candidate's Dissertation.
In 1983 he defended his doctoral dissertation.
In 1986 he received the title of Professor.
Since 1988, he served as Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics of the Saint Petersburg State University.
He was a foreign member of the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters (2017).
References
Obituaries
N.V. Kuznetsov, S. Abramovich, A.L. Fradkov, G. Chen, In Memoriam: Gennady Alekseevich Leonov, International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 28(5), 2018, art. num. 1877001
S. Abramovich, N.V. Kuznetsov, P. Neittaanmäki, Obituary: Gennady Alekseevich Leonov (1947-2018), Open Mathematical Education Notes, 8(1), 2018, 15-21
1947 births
2018 deaths
Saint Petersburg State University alumni
Saint Petersburg State University faculty
Russian professors
Corresponding Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Members of the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters
Recipients of the USSR State Prize
Sportspeople from Saint Petersburg |
23577523 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huzhou%20metro%20station | Huzhou metro station | The Taipei Metro Huzhou station is located in the Neihu District in Taipei, Taiwan. It is a station on Wenhu line.
Station overview
This three-level, elevated station features two side platforms, two exits, and platform elevators located on the east and west sides of the concourse level.
The station is located at the intersection of Chenggong Road, Sec. 5 and Kangning Road, Sec. 3. It is 83 meters long and 21.5 meters wide, while the platform is 93.5 meters long.
The area around the station has many high-rise residential buildings and television stations. Because of its proximity to residential buildings along the Brown Line, it is the only station to have 3.6 meter double-curved walls to reduce noise levels. The station is also designed to fit in with the casual environment of local businesses.
Design
The theme for this station is "Dancing", with decorative art walls in the station.
History
22 February 2009: Huzhou station construction is completed.
4 July 2009: Begins service with the opening of Brown Line.
Station layout
Nearby places
Kang-Ning Jr. College of Medical Care and Management
Kanghu Park
PTS Foundation Building
Hakka TV
Taiwan Indigenous Television
Minghu Junior High School
Minhu Elementary School
Lihu Elementary School
Kang-Ning General Hospital
Financial Information Service Co., Ltd.
City Lake Hotel
References
Wenhu line stations
Railway stations opened in 2009 |
26721928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabrijel%20Savi%C4%87%20Ra | Gabrijel Savić Ra | Gabrijel Savić Ra (Габријел Савић, 1978) is a multimedia artist based in Belgrade. He graduated with a philosophy degree from the Philosophical faculty in Belgrade. His main art media is performance art, but he uses also video art, photography, installations, paintings, and different art media crossovers. Ra's performances use body art including bloodletting, walking on broken glass, and other extreme actions. He has exhibited and performed worldwide.
External links
http://www.artmajeur.com/gabrijel
https://web.archive.org/web/20110722043604/http://www.museomadre.it/opere.cfm?id=734
http://www.neme.org/events/in-transition-cyprus-2006
https://web.archive.org/web/20090927125925/http://www.alteredesthetics.com/events/8
Living people
1978 births
Serbian multimedia artists |
20477041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion%20Mann | Marion Mann | Marion Mann (March 29, 1920 – August 20, 2022) was an American physician and pathologist. He was a Dean of the College of Medicine at Howard University from 1970 to 1979.
Early life
Marion was born in Atlanta, Georgia, and was raised, along with five brothers, by his mother, C.C. Mann, who was a church organist (Ebenezer Baptist Church and Liberty Baptist Church in Atlanta; Southern Baptist Church in New York City; and Mt. Bethel Baptist Church in Washington, D.C.). She also was a piano teacher until her death in 1981 at the age of 92. The best known, though not necessarily most talented, of the musical Mann brothers were probably Levi and Howard. Levi played jazz bass (upright) with the Lucky Millinder Orchestra in the 1930s and 1940s and later held down the house musician gig, playing the Hammond B3 organ at the famous 20 Grand Club in Detroit, Michigan during the early Motown years. Howard wrote and composed the gospel classic "Teach Us To Pray" and was organist and choir director at Convent Avenue Baptist Church in Harlem. The other brothers in this accomplished African American family included Lawrence, William, and John Wesley who were all classically trained musicians and educators.
Although a music lover, Mann was the only son of C.C. (Mama) Mann who did not pursue a career as a musician. C.C. had moved the family from Atlanta to Harlem, New York in the 1930s, but Mann went South again to attend college at Tuskegee Institute. At Tuskegee, in 1937, he met fellow student Ruth Maureen Reagin from Selma, Alabama, and Mann and Ruth were married after his graduation (1940) and before he entered the U.S. Army. Mann and Ruth had two children. M. Nicholas Mann was born on the Tuskegee Army Airfield in 1944 while Mann was stationed there as an administrative officer and Nick went on to a career in organization development consulting with a brief foray as writer and music producer (The Reddings). Judith Reagin Walk was born in Yokohama, Japan in 1949 during Mann's post World War II overseas tour of duty. As a university administrator (Eastman School of Music and Howard University), Judy is also a musician (pianist, teacher, and choir director).
Medical career
Mann left the regular Army and entered Howard University Medical School in 1950 and was graduated (M.D.) in 1954. After graduation, his career as a pathologist included serving as a Deputy Coroner in Washington, D.C. Along the way, he earned the Ph.D. degree (1961) from Georgetown University. He accepted a full-time assistant professorship of pathology at his alma mater (Howard) in 1961 and by 1970 was promoted to the rank of professor and named Medical School Dean.
Even though Mann had left the regular Army, he remained in the military as an Army Medical Corps reservist and by 1975 was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General. From 1988 until 1991, after a period of retirement, Mann served as Associate Vice President at Howard University. In that role, he established the University's Office of Research and Administration. But, the accomplishments that he is probably best remembered for came as Dean of the College of Medicine.
Deanship at Howard
During Mann's Deanship, a more rigorous entrance process was instituted and the entering Freshman class size at the Medical School was increased to 128. Dr. Mann established elaborate student support services that increased student success and reduced attrition. It was during his administration as Dean that the faculty voted to approve requirements that Part-I of the National Board examination be passed for promotion to junior, and that graduating students had passed Part-II. Under Mann's leadership, the Medical School initiated new programs leading to the Ph.D. in anatomy, genetics, and microbiology. Perhaps the most lasting accomplishment of Mann's deanship was the Medical School expansion (spearheaded by Dr. Mann) with the addition of the Seeley G. Mudd building as a pre-clinical science facility next to the existing Numa P. Adams building.
Personal life and death
Mann died in Washington, D.C., on August 20, 2022, at the age of 102.
Honors
Mann's honors include being awarded an honorary Doctor of Science degrees from Georgetown University and the University of Massachusetts; serving as a diplomate of the National Board of Medical Examiners and the American Board of Pathology; and being bestowed the title of Knight Grand Commander of the Human Order of African Redemption from the Republic of Liberia.
References
1920 births
2022 deaths
21st-century African-American people
African-American academics
African-American centenarians
American pathologists
Howard University College of Medicine alumni
Howard University faculty
Members of the National Academy of Medicine
Men centenarians
Military personnel from Georgia (U.S. state)
People from Atlanta
Tuskegee University alumni
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
United States Army Air Forces officers |
26721930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson%27s%20Birthday | Jefferson's Birthday | Jefferson's Birthday officially honors the birth of the third U.S. president, Thomas Jefferson on April 13, 1743. This day was recognized by Franklin D. Roosevelt as part of Presidential Proclamation 2276, issued on March 21, 1938.
President George W. Bush issued proclamation 8124 on April 11, 2007, stating that "... on Thomas Jefferson Day, we commemorate the birthday of a monumental figure whose place in our Nation’s history will always be cherished".
References
April observances
Public holidays in the United States
Thomas Jefferson
Presidential birthdays in the United States |
26721933 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas%20Nederpeld | Nicolaas Nederpeld | Nicolaas Nederpeld (11 November 1886 – 6 June 1969) was a Dutch foil fencer. He competed at the 1924 and 1928 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1886 births
1969 deaths
Dutch male foil fencers
Olympic fencers of the Netherlands
Fencers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from The Hague |
23577535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School%20of%20our%20Fathers | School of our Fathers | "School of our Fathers" is the school song of Royal College Colombo. It is sung at the start of every school day except for Monday, when the National Anthem is sung, and on other important occasions. The words of the song were written by Major H. L. Reed, a principal of the school in the third term of 1927. The music was later revised by S. Schmid.
It was first performed on 13 July 1928, the same year Royal College Colombo won the Meaden Shield in the schools singing competition for the eighth year in succession. "School of our Fathers" was presented at the competition.
A Sinhala version of the college song was composed in 1968 on the request of the principal, W. A. Wickramasena and S. J. F. Dissanayake, who were masters of the school and had been part of the combination which composed the first song.
See also
Royal College Colombo
References
External links
The College Song Royal College Colombo
Institutional songs
1927 songs
Royal College, Colombo |
6906542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abi%20Ofarim | Abi Ofarim | Abi Ofarim (born Avraham Reichstadt; ; October 5, 1937 – May 4, 2018) was an Israeli musician and dancer. He is better known for his work in the 1960s as half of the duo Esther & Abi Ofarim with his then-wife Esther Ofarim.
Life and career
Early life
Abi Ofarim was born Avraham Reichstadt in Safed, Galilee, in what was then the British mandate of Palestine on October 5, 1937. Upon Israel's independence in 1948, he attended ballet school and made his stage debut in Haifa in 1952. By the age of 17, he was arranging his own choreography, and by 18 had his own dance studio. He was then recruited to serve in the Israeli army during the Suez crisis and the Sinai war.
Esther & Abi Ofarim
In December 1958, Reichstadt married Esther Zaied. He achieved international fame performing with her as a musical duo Esther & Abi Ofarim in the 1960s, playing the guitar and singing backing vocals. The couple relocated to Geneva, then eventually to Germany. In 1966, they had their first hit in Germany with "Noch einen Tanz". Their greatest success in Germany came the next year with "Morning of my Life", written by the Bee Gees. In 1968, "Cinderella Rockefella" hit the top of the charts in a number of countries including the UK. The duo played live concerts in New York City and London, and they toured Europe before separating in 1969.
Solo career
Abi Ofarim continued performing and recording in Europe. He also worked as a manager, composer, and arranger. In 1970, Ofarim launched his own record production and music publishing company Prom Music. He also worked with Liberty/United Artists Records in Munich. In 1972, he released an album with British singer Tom Winter. In 1975, Ofarim left Prom, selling his interest to ex-partner Yehuda Zwick.
His book, Der Preis der wilden Jahre ("The Price of the Wild Years") was first published in 1982. That year, Ofarim released the album Much Too Much on RCA Records in Germany. He released an album, Too Much Of Something, in 2009.
Beginning in April 2014, Ofarim ran a "Jugendzentrum für Senioren" ("Youth Center for Elderly People") in Munich, a social project against poverty and solitude of the elderly, together with his organization "Kinder von Gestern e. V." ("Children of Yesterday").
Personal life
Relationships and children
Ofarim married Esther Ofarim (née Zaied) on December 11, 1958. After their divorce in 1970, he accused her of "egotism and snobbery." He dated German singer Susan Avilés and actress Iris Berben, before remarrying twice. His third marriage was to Sandra (Sandy) Reichstadt, who he divorced in 2004. Their sons, Gil Ofarim and Tal Ofarim, are also musicians. Gil Ofarim is the front man of the band Zoo Army.
Drug addiction and legal issues
After his divorce from Esther Ofarim, Abi Ofarim developed a cocaine and alcohol addiction. In 1979, he was arrested for possession of narcotics and tax evasion. He spent a month in prison and a year on probation.
Health issues and death
In 2017, Abi Ofarim developed pneumonia. He made a recovery and was able to return to his home in Munich to celebrate his 80th birthday in October 2017.
Ofarim died aged 80 in Munich after a long illness on May 4, 2018.
Discography
Albums
1972: Ofarim & Winter – Ofarim & Winter (CBS)
1982: Much Too Much (RCA)
2009: Too Much Of Something (Sony Music Entertainment Germany)
Singles
1964: "Shake, Shake (Wenn Ich Dich Nicht Hätte)" (Philips)
1971: "Zeit Ist Geld" (Warner Bros. Records)
1973: Ofarim & Winter – "Slow Motion Man" (CBS)
1973: Ofarim And Winter – "Take Me Up To Heaven" (CBS)
1973: Ofarim & Winter – "Speak To Me" (CBS)
1973: Ofarim & Winter – "Why Red" (CBS)
1982: "Mama, O Mama" (RCA)
1982: "Heartaches" (RCA)
1989: Abi Ofarim & Sima – "In The Morning Of My Life" (Polydor)
2007: "Mama, Oh Mama" (White Records)
Esther & Abi Ofarim
References
External links
1937 births
2018 deaths
Sephardi Jews in Mandatory Palestine
20th-century Israeli male singers
German-language singers
Israeli male dancers
Israeli expatriates in Germany
Israeli military personnel
Israeli guitarists
RCA Records artists
Sony Music artists
Philips Records artists
Warner Records artists
Polydor Records artists
CBS Records artists
People from Safed
Israeli Sephardi Jews |
6906550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KSFT | KSFT | KSFT may refer to:
KSFT-FM, a radio station (107.1 FM) licensed to South Sioux City, Nebraska, United States
KESJ, a radio station (1550 AM) licensed to St. Joseph, Missouri, United States, which held the call sign KSFT from March 1989 to August 2009 |
6906551 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20Celtiberian%20War | First Celtiberian War | The First Celtiberian (181–179 BC) was the first of three major rebellions by the Celtiberians against the Roman presence in Hispania. The other two were the Second Celtiberian War (154–151 BC) and the Numantine War (143–133 BC). Hispania was the name the Romans gave to the Iberian Peninsula. The peninsula was inhabited by various ethnic groups and numerous tribes. The Celtiberians were a confederation of five tribes, which lived in a large area of east central Hispania, to the west of Hispania Citerior. The eastern part of their territory shared a stretch of the border of this Roman province. The Celtiberian tribes were the Pellendones, the Arevaci, the Lusones, the Titti and the Belli.
The Romans took over the territories of the Carthaginians in southern Hispania when they defeated them at the Battle of Ilipa in 206 BC during the Second Punic War (218–201 BC). After the war they remained and in 197 BC they established two Roman colonies: Hispania Citerior (Nearer Spain) along most of the east coast, an area roughly corresponding to the modern autonomous communities of Aragon, Catalonia and Valencia, and Hispania Ulterior (Further Spain) in the south, roughly corresponding to modern Andalusia. There were numerous rebellions by many tribes of Hispania, including tribes both inside and outside Roman territory, in most years for a period of 98 years, until the end of the First Celtiberian War in 179 BC. For details of these rebellions see the Roman conquest of Hispania article.
The First Celtiberian War (181–179 BC)
The siege of Aebura (Carpetania) (181 BC)
The praetors Publius Manlius and Quintus Fulvius Flaccus were given military command for Hispania Ulterior and Citerior respectively in 182 BC and this was extended to 181 BC. They received reinforcements of 3,000 Roman and 6,000 allied infantry and 200 Roman and 300 allied cavalry. The Celtiberians gathered 35,000 men. Livy wrote: ‘hardly ever before had they raised so large a force’. Quintus Fulvius Flaccus drew as many auxiliary troops from the friendly tribes as he could, but his numbers were inferior. He went to Carpetania (in south central Hispania, to the south Celtiberia) and encamped near Aebura (Talavera de la Reina, in western part of the modern province of Toledo; it was at the edge of the territory of the Vettones). He sent a small detachment to occupy the town. A few days later the Celtiberians encamped at the foot of a hill two miles from the Romans. The praetor sent his brother, Marcus Fulvius, with two squadrons of native cavalry for reconnaissance with instructions to get as close to the enemy rampart as possible to get an idea of the size of the camp. If enemy's cavalry spotted him he was to withdraw. For a few days nothing happened. Then the Celtiberian army drew up midway between the two camps, but the Romans did not respond. For four days, this continued. After this both sides withdrew to their camps. Both cavalries went out on patrol and collected wood at the rear of their camps without interfering with each other.
When the praetor thought that the enemy would not expect action, he sent Lucius Acilius to go around the hill behind the enemy camp with a contingent of troops of Latin allies and 6,000 native auxiliaries with orders to assault the camp. They marched at night to elude detection. At dawn Lucius Acilius sent Gaius Scribonius, the commander of the allies, to the enemy rampart with his cavalry. When the Celtiberians saw them they sent out their cavalry and signaled their infantry to advance. Gaius Scribonius turned round and made for the Roman camp as per instructions. When Quintus Fulvius Flaccus thought that the Celtiberians were sufficiently drawn away from their camp he advanced with his army, which had been drawn up in three separate corps behind the rampart. Meanwhile, the cavalry on the hill charged down, as instructed, on the enemy camp, which had no more than 5,000 guarding it. The camp was taken with little resistance. Acilius set fire to that part of it which could be seen from the battlefield. Word spread through the Celtiberian line that the camp was lost, throwing them into indecision. They then resumed the fight, as it was their only hope. The Celtiberian centre was hard pressed by the Fifth Legion. However, they advanced against the Roman left flank, which had native auxiliaries, and would have overrun it had the Seventh Legion not come to its aid. The troops which were at Aebura turned up and, as Acilius was at the enemy's rear, the Celtiberians were sandwiched and cut to pieces; 23,000 died and 4,700 were captured. On the other side, 200 Romans, 800 allies and 2,400 native auxiliaries fell. Aebura was seized.
Flaccus campaigns in Celtiberia (180–179 BC)
Quintus Fulvius Flaccus then marched across Carpetania and went to Contrebia. The townsfolk sent for Celtiberian assistance, but it did not come and they surrendered. The Celtiberians had been delayed by incessant winter rain which caused floods and made the roads impassable and the rivers difficult to cross. Heavy storms forced Flaccus to move his army into the city. When the rain stopped the Celtiberians went on the march without knowing about the city's surrender. They saw no Roman camp and thought that it had been moved elsewhere or that the Romans had withdrawn. They approached the city without taking precautions and without proper formation. The Romans made a sortie from the two city gates. Caught by surprise the Celtiberians were routed. Not being in formation made resistance impossible, but it helped the majority to escape. Still, 12,000 men died and 5,000 men and 400 horses were captured. The fugitives bumped into another body of Celtiberians on its way to Contrebia which, on being told about the defeat, dispersed. Quintus Fulvius marched through Celtiberian territory, ravaged the countryside and stormed many forts until the Celtiberians surrendered.
In 180 BC the praetor Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus was assigned the command of Hispania Citerior and the conduct of the war with the Celtiberians. Around this time, messengers arrived in Rome, bringing news of the Celtiberian surrender. They then told the senate that there was no need to send subsidies for the army, as Hispania Citerior was now able to sustain itself, and requested that Flaccus be allowed to bring back his army. Livy wrote that this was a must because the soldiers were determined to go back home and it seemed impossible to keep them in Hispania any longer, to the point where they might mutiny if not withdrawn. Tiberius Gracchus objected to this because he did not want to lose the veterans. A compromise was reached: Gracchus was ordered to levy two legions (5,200 infantry but only 400 cavalry instead of the usual 600) and an additional 1,000 infantry and 50 cavalry plus 7,000 Latin infantry and 300 cavalry (a total of 13,200 infantry and 750 cavalry); meanwhile, Flaccus was allowed to bring back home veterans who had been sent to Hispania before 186 BC, while those who arrived after that date were to remain. He could bring back any excess over Gracchus' assigned force of 14,000 infantry and 600 cavalry.
Since his successor was late, Flaccus started a third campaign against the Celtiberians who had not surrendered, ravaging the more distant parts of Celtiberia. The Celtiberians responded by secretly gathering an army to strike at the Manlian Pass, through which the Romans would have needed to pass. However, Gracchus told his colleague, Lucius Postumius, to inform Flaccus that he had nearly arrived from Rome, and that Flaccus was to bring his army to Tarraco (Tarragona), where Gracchus would disband the old army and incorporate the new troops. In the wake of this news, Flaccus abandoned his campaign and withdrew from Celtiberia. The Celtiberians thought that Flaccus was fleeing because he had become aware of their rebellion and continued to prepare their trap at the Manlian Pass. When the Romans entered the pass they were attacked on both sides. Quintus Fulvius ordered his men to hold their ground. The pack animals and the baggage were piled up in one place. The battle was desperate. The native auxiliaries could not hold their ground against men who were armed in the same way but were a better class of soldiers. Seeing that their regular order of battle was no match for the Roman legions, the Celtiberians bore down on them in wedge formation and almost broke their line. Flaccus ordered the Legion's cavalry to close ranks and charge the enemy wedge with loose reins, breaking the wedge and throwing the enemy into disarray. The apparent success of the tactic inspired the native auxiliary cavalry to also let their horses loose on the enemy. The enemy, now routed, scattered through the whole defile. The Celtiberians lost 17,000 men; 4,000 men and 600 horses were captured; 472 Romans, 1,019 Latin allies and 3,000 native auxiliaries died. The Romans encamped outside the pass and marched to Tarraco the next day. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus had landed two days earlier. The two commanders selected the soldiers who were to be discharged and those who were to remain. Flaccus returned to Rome with his veterans and Gracchus went to Celtiberia.
In his account of this war, Appian wrote that the rebellion was by the tribes which lived along the River Iberus (the Greek name for the Ebro), including the Lusones (a small Celtiberian tribe in the north of Celtiberia, in the high Tajuña River valley, northeast of Guadalajara). He held that the rebellion was caused by the tribes having insufficient land. Whether this was the actual cause of the war is uncertain. He wrote that Quintus Fulvius defeated these tribes. Most of them scattered but those which were destitute and nomadic fled to Complega, a newly built and fortified city which had grown rapidly. They sent messengers who demanded that Flaccus compensate them with a sagos (a Celtic word for cloak), a horse and a sword for every man who was killed in the battle and that the Romans leave Hispania or suffer the consequences. Flaccus said that he would give them plenty of cloaks, followed the messengers and encamped in front of the city. The inhabitants, feeling intimidated, fled and plundered the fields of the neighbouring tribes along their way.
Gracchus and Albinus campaigns in the Celtiberia (179 BC)
In 179 BC, Gracchus and Lucius Postumius Albinus, who was in charge of the other Roman province (Hispania Ulterior), had their commands extended. They were reinforced with 3,000 Roman and 5,000 Latin infantry and 300 Roman and 400 Latin cavalry. They planned a joint operation. Albinus, whose province had been quiet, was to march against the Vaccaei (a people who lived to the east of Celtiberia) via eastern Lusitania and return to Celtiberia if there was a greater war there, while Gracchus was to head into the furthest part of Celtiberia. He first took the city of Munda by storm with an unexpected attack at night. He took hostages, left a garrison and burned the countryside until he reached the powerful town which the Celtiberians called Certima. A delegation from the town arrived while he was preparing the siege machines. They did not disguise the fact that they would fight to the end if they had the strength, as they asked to be allowed to go to the Celtiberian camp at Alce to ask for help. If this was rejected they would consult among themselves. Gracchus gave them permission. After a few days they returned with ten other envoys. They asked for something to drink. Then they asked for a second cup. Livy wrote that this caused 'laughter at such uncultured ignorance of all etiquette’. Then the oldest man said that they had been sent to enquire what the Romans relied on to attack them. Gracchus replied that he relied on an excellent army and invited them to see it for themselves. He ordered the entire army to march in review under arms. The envoys left and discouraged their people from sending aid to the besieged city. The townsfolk surrendered. An indemnity was imposed on them and they had to give forty young nobles to serve in the Roman army as a pledge of loyalty.
After Certima, Tiberius Gracchus went to Alce, where the Celtiberian camp the envoys had come from was. For a few days he just harassed the enemy by sending larger and larger contingents of skirmishers against their outposts, hoping to draw the enemy out. When the enemy responded he ordered the native auxiliaries to offer only slight resistance and then retreat hastily to the camp, pretending that they had been overwhelmed. He placed his men behind the gates of the rampant of the camp. When the enemy pursued the retreating units in a disorderly manner and came to close range, the Romans came out from all the gates. Caught by surprise, the enemy was routed and lost 9,000 men and 320 men and 112 horses where captured; 109 Romans fell. Gracchus then marched further into Celtiberia, which he plundered. The tribes submitted. In a few days 103 towns surrendered. He then returned to Alce and begun to besiege the city. The townsfolk resisted the first assaults, but when the siege engines were deployed they withdrew to the citadel and then sent envoys to offer their surrender. Many nobles were taken, including the two sons and the daughter of Thurru, a Celtiberian chief. According to Livy he was by far the most powerful man in Hispania. Thurru asked for safe conduct to visit Tiberius Gracchus. He asked him whether he and his family would be allowed to live. When Gracchus replied affirmatively he asked if he was allowed to serve with the Romans. Gracchus granted this. From then on Thurru followed and helped the Romans in many places.
Ergavica, another powerful Celtiberian city, was alarmed about the defeats of its neighbours and opened its gates to the Romans. Livy noted that some of his sources held that these surrenders were in bad faith because whenever Gracchus left hostilities resumed and there was also a major battle near Mons Chaunus (probably Moncayo Massif), which lasted from dawn to midday with many casualties on both sides. His sources also claimed that three days later there was a bigger battle which cost the defeated Celtiberians 22,000 casualties and the capture of 300 men and 300 horses, a decisive defeat which ended the war in earnest. Livy also noted that according to these sources Lucius Postumius Albinus won a great battle against the Vaccaei, killing 35,000. Livy thought that ‘it would be nearer the truth to say that he arrived in his province too late in the summer to undertake a campaign’. Livy did not give any explanation for his doubts about this information about Lucius Postumius Albinus. He did not write anything about his campaigns on his own authority either. However, in an earlier passage, Livy wrote that he arrived in Hispania before Tiberius Gracchus, who gave him a message with instructions for his predecessor, Quintus Fulvius Flaccus.
Appian wrote about two more episodes about the campaign of Tiberius Gracchus. He wrote that the city of Caravis (Magallon, in north-western Aragon), an ally of Rome, was besieged by 20,000 Celtiberians. Gracchus was informed that it would fall soon. He hurried there, but he could not alert them that he was nearby. The commander of the cavalry, Cominius, had the idea of wearing a Hispanic sagum (a military cloak), mingling in the enemy camp and making his way to the town. He informed the townsfolk that Gracchus was nearby and told them to hold out a bit longer. Three days later Gracchus attacked the besiegers, who fled. At about the same time, the people of the town of Complega (location unknown) which, had 20,000 inhabitants, went to Gracchus’ camp pretending to be peace negotiators. They attacked unexpectedly, throwing the Romans into disarray. Gracchus quickly abandoned the camp in a feigned retreat, and then turned on them while they were plundering the camp, killing most of them. He went on to seize Complega. He then allocated land to the poor and made carefully defined treaties with the surrounding tribes and the surrounding country, binding them to be friends of Rome.
Gracchus founded the colony (settlement) of Gracchurris (Alfaro, in La Rioja, northern Hispania) in the Upper Ebro Valley. This marked the beginning of Roman influence in northern Hispania. It was thought that this was the only colony he founded. However, in the 1950s an inscription was found near Mangibar, on the banks of the River Baetis (Guadalquivir) which attests that he founded another one. It was Iliturgi, a mining town and a frontier outpost. Gracchus therefore established a colony outside his province as it was in Hispania Ulterior.
Aftermath
Appian wrote that Gracchus' ‘treaties were longed for in subsequent wars’. Unlike previous praetors he spent time negotiating and cultivating personal relations with tribal leaders. This was reminiscent of the friendly relations established by Scipio Africanus during the Second Punic War. Gracchus imposed the vicensima, the requisition of 5% of the grain harvest, a form of tax which was more efficient and less vulnerable to abuse than the usual Roman practice of delegating tax collection to private ‘tax farmers.’ Silva notes this is the first reference to a regulatory collection of revenue. His treaties stipulated that the allies were to provide the Romans with auxiliary troops. They also established that the natives could fortify existing cities, but not found new ones. There is some evidence that he introduced civilian administrative measures, such as the issuing of rights for mining to mint coins and the construction of roads. Gracchus is remembered for his administrative arrangements which ensured peace in the conquered territory for the next quarter of a century.
Apart from a few minor episodes, Hispania remained quiet until the outbreak of the Lusitanian War (155–150 BC) and the Second Celtiberian War (154–151 BC).
Notes
References
Primary sources
Appian, Roman History, The Foreign Wars, Book 6, The Wars in Spain, Loeb Classical Library, Vol I, Books 1-8.1., Loeb, 1989;
Livy, History of Rome from Its Foundation: Rome and the Mediterranean (Books 31–45), Penguin Classics, Reprint edition, 1976;
Secondary sources in English
Curchin, L.A. Romans Spain:Conquest and Assimilation, Routledge, 1991; 978-0415023658
Richardson, J.S., Hispaniae, Spain and the Development of Roman Imperialism,218-82 BC, Cambridge University Press, 2008;
Richardson, J.S., The Romans in Spain, John Wiley & Sons; Reprint edition, 1998;
Silva, L., Viriathus and the Lusitanian Resistance to Rome, Pen & Sword Military, Barnsley, 2013;
Wars involving Spain
180s BC conflicts
170s BC conflicts
2nd century BC in the Roman Republic
Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
181 BC
180 BC
179 BC
2nd century BC in Hispania |
6906564 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Harrison | Michael Harrison | Michael, Mike or Mick Harrison may refer to:
Michael Harrison (musician), American composer, pianist and creator of the “harmonic piano,” an extensively modified seven-foot grand piano
Mike Harrison (musician) (1945–2018), English musician, singer with Spooky Tooth
Mike Harrison (album), 1971
Michael A. Harrison, American computer scientist, pioneer in formal languages
Michael Allen Harrison, American New Age musician, songwriter and pianist
Michael Harrison (politician) (born 1958), member of the Tennessee House of Representatives
M. John Harrison (born 1945), British author of science fiction, fantasy and literary fiction
Michael R. Harrison (born 1943), director of pediatric surgery at UCSF
Michael Harrison (writer) (1907–1991), English detective fiction and fantasy author
Michael Harrison, early pseudonym for Sunset Carson, American actor
Mike Harrison (footballer, born 1940) (1940–2019), English footballer
Mike Harrison (footballer, born 1952), English footballer
Mike Harrison (rugby union) (born 1956), English rugby union player
Mick Harrison (rugby league), English rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s and 1970s
Michael Harrison (cricketer) (born 1978), English cricketer
Michael Harrison (lawyer) (1823–1895), Irish lawyer and judge, Solicitor-General for Ireland
Mick Harrison (comic books), pseudonym of Randy Stradley
J. Michael Harrison (born 1944), American researcher in operations research
Mike Harrison (bishop) (born 1963), Church of England bishop
Michael Harrison (announcer), soldier and BBC radio presenter
Michael S. Harrison, American police officer |
26721934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport%20in%20Tuvalu | Sport in Tuvalu | Sport is an important part of Tuvaluan culture, which sporting culture is based on traditional games and athletic activities and the adoption of some of the major international sports of the modern era.
The popular sports in Tuvalu include association football, futsal, volleyball, handball, basketball and rugby union. Tuvalu has sports organisations to support local competitions and the participation of Tuvalu in international competitions, including the Tuvalu Table Tennis Association, Tuvalu National Football Association, Tuvalu Basketball Federation, Tuvalu Rugby Union, Tuvalu Weightlifting Federation and Tuvalu Powerlifting Federation. Since 1979 Tuvalu has participated in the Pacific Games and the Pacific Mini Games. Tuvalu first participated in the Commonwealth Games in 1998, at the Olympic Games in 2008, and at the World Championships in Athletics in 2009. The Tuvalu Athletics Association is the governing body for the sport of athletics in the Tuvalu, and administers Tuvaluan records in athletics.
Asenate Manoa represented Tuvalu at the 2008 Summer Olympics, at the 2009 World Championships & 2011 World Championships and at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the woman's 100 metres sprint. Manoa represented Tuvalu in the sport of powerlifting at the Pacific Games 2015 and won a bronze medal in the 72 kg Female category. She also participated in the women’s long jump event at the 2017 Pacific Mini Games. She was the first woman to represent Tuvalu at the Olympics.
As Tuvalu is an archipelago of 9 islands, there are logistic complications in arranging sporting events on Funafuti, which is the capitol of Tuvalu. A major sporting event is the "Independence Day Sports Festival" held annually on Funafuti on 1 October. The most important sports event within the country is arguably the Tuvalu Games, which are held yearly since 2008 in April, when participants from each island travel on the inter-island passenger ship to Funafuti to participate in track and field events, table tennis, badminton and other games.
Funafuti has the largest population of all the islands of Tuvalu, which includes large communities who have migrated from the outer islands. The football clubs in the Tuvalu A-Division all share the same home ground - Tuvalu Sports Ground – as it is the only football field in Tuvalu. The football clubs are based on the communities of the 8 major islands of Tuvalu, with the rivalry between these 8 teams being maintained by each having a ‘home’ island. The football teams also provide an opportunity for talent in other sports to be identified, such as sprinters who are sent to represent Tuvalu in the 100 metres sprint events.
The limited land available for sports facilities results in a limited number of sports available in which to participate, which are sports that can be organised on available open space or indoor venues, such as table tennis, badminton, weightlifting and powerlifting.
Due to the limited open space on Funafuti, the runway of Funafuti International Airport is used as a common area for social games and sports activities, when not in use.
The traditional sports of Tuvalu
The traditional sports in the late 19th century were foot racing, lance throwing, quarterstaff fencing and wrestling, although the Christian missionaries disapproved of these activities.
A traditional sport played in Tuvalu is kilikiti, which is similar to cricket. A popular sport specific to Tuvalu is Te ano (The ball), which is played with two round balls of diameter. Te ano is a traditional game that is similar to volleyball, in which the two hard balls made from pandanus leaves are volleyed at great speed with the team members trying to stop the ball hitting the ground.
Football in Tuvalu
Football in Tuvalu is played at club and national team level. The Tuvalu national football team trains at the Tuvalu Sports Ground in Funafuti and competes in the Pacific Games. The Tuvalu National Football Association is an associate member of the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) and is seeking membership in FIFA. The Tuvalu national futsal team participates in the Oceanian Futsal Championship.
Tuvalu at the Pacific Games and the Pacific Mini Games
At the 2013 Pacific Mini Games, Tuau Lapua Lapua won Tuvalu's first gold medal in an international competition in the weightlifting 62 kilogram male snatch. (He also won bronze in the clean and jerk, and obtained the silver medal overall for the combined event.)
In 2015, Telupe Iosefa received the first gold medal won by Tuvalu at the Pacific Games in the powerlifting 120 kg male division.
Tuvaluans have won medals at the Pacific Games:
Logona Esau in Weightlifting at the 2007 Pacific Games: 69 kg Clean & Jerk.
Iliala Fakatokaga in Boxing at the 2007 Pacific Games: Heavy-weight 91 kg division.
Tuau Lapua Lapua in Weightlifting at the 2011 Pacific Games: 62 kg Clean & Jerk, 62 kg Snatch, 62 kg Total.
Telupe Iosefa in Powerlifting at the 2015 Pacific Games: 120 kg Male division.
Asenate Manoa in Powerlifting at the 2015 Pacific Games: 72 kg Female division.
Teofoga Edueni Sonya Dabwido in Powerlifting at the 2015 Pacific Games: 84 kg Female division.
Harry Dave Eti Esela in Boxing at the 2015 Pacific Games: Heavy-weight 82–91 kg division.
Ioane Hawaii in Table tennis at the 2019 Pacific Games: Men's Seated Singles event.
Telupe Iosefa in Powerlifting at the 2019 Pacific Games: 120 kg male division.
Fiu Tui in Boxing at the 2019 Pacific Games: Men's Middle Weight 75 kg division.
Tuvalu at the Commonwealth Games
Tuvalu first participated in the Commonwealth Games in 1998, when a weightlifter attended the games held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Two table tennis players attended the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, England; Tuvalu entered competitors in shooting, table tennis and weightlifting at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Australia; three athletes participated in the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India, entering the discus, shot put and weightlifting events; and a team of 3 weightlifters and 2 table tennis players attended the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow.
Tuvalu sent a team of four to the Gold Coast XXI Commonwealth Games in 2018, comprising Karalo Maibuca (men's 100 metres), Imo Fiamalua (men’s javelin throw), Kalton Melton and Tulimanu Vaea (men’s table tennis doubles).
Tuvalu’s team at the Birmingham XXII Commonwealth Games consisted of Karalo Maibuca (men's 100 metres), Ampex Isaac and Saaga Malosa (men’s beach volleyball), Leatialii Afoa (lightweight boxing) and Fiu Tui (middleweight boxing).
Tuvalu at the Olympic Games
The Tuvalu Association of Sports and National Olympic Committee (TASNOC) was recognised as a National Olympic Committee in July 2007. Tuvalu entered the Olympic Games for the first time at the 2008 Summer Games in Beijing, China, and was represented by weightlifter and two athletes in the men's and women's 100 metres sprint.
Both Okilani Tinilau and Asenate Manoa set national records in the 100 metres, with times of 11.48 and 14.05 respectively. They were both eliminated in the first heat. Logona Esau finished 21st in the men's −69 kg competition.
A team with athletes in the weightlifting and men's and women's 100 metres sprint also represented Tuvalu at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Tuau Lapua Lapua finished the highest of the Tuvaluan competitors with a 12th place finish in the Men's −62 kg event, finishing with a score of 243. Tavevele Noa and Asenate Manoa were both eliminated in the first heats of the 100 metres, and Manoa set a national record in the women's 100 metres.
Etimoni Timuani was the sole representative of Tuvalu at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the 100m event.
Karalo Maibuca and Matie Stanley represented Tuvalu at the 2020 Summer Olympics in the 100m events.
Tuvalu at the World Championships in Athletics
Tuvaluan athletes have also participated in the men's and women's 100 metres sprint at the World Championships in Athletics from 2009. The sprinters have set Tuvaluan records and personal best times, but have not proceeded beyond the preliminary heats.
See also
Notes
Tuvaluan culture
Youth sport in Tuvalu
Men's sport in Tuvalu
Women's sport in Tuvalu
Sport in Tuvalu by sport |
6906571 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyodorovskaya%20Church | Fyodorovskaya Church | The Fyodorovskaya Church (Фёдоровская церковь) is a penticupolar parish Russian Orthodox church built by ordinary parishioners on the right bank of the Kotorosl River in Yaroslavl between 1682 and 1687. It is dedicated to Theotokos Feodorovskaya, a miraculous icon from nearby Kostroma.
The building is notable as the first church in the region to be returned by the Soviets to the Russian Orthodox Church (in 1987). It served as the cathedral church of the ancient Yaroslavl-Rostov eparchy until the restored Dormition Cathedral was consecrated in 2010. During this period the relics of St. Theodore the Black and other local saints were kept there.
History
A parish chronicle from the 18th century survives. It indicates that it was the Mother of God who appeared to a paralyzed parishioner, Ivan, and commanded the building of a church in Her name. Ivan was instructed to sail down the Volga to Kostroma and ask Guriy Nikitin, a famous icon painter, to make a replica of the miraculous icon of the Theotokos. This new image eventually helped cure Ivan, among many others.
The parishioners decided to model the new church on that of the Ascension of Christ. Its exterior ornamentation is basic but proportions are graceful. The elongated drums and domes are considerably higher than the cuboid structure of the church that supports them. An enclosed gallery and a porch were added to the main cube in the first third of the 18th century.
The interior is of traditional design. It has four piers and is entirely covered in frescoes dating from 1716. The intricately carved icon screen was made in 1705. Some of the icons are noted for their complex calendar and cosmological codes.
The church compound is fenced and has a smaller church with a belfry on the north side. This single-dome Penskaya church is dedicated to St. Nicholas, a patron saint of merchants. There is also a baptistery of recent construction on the grounds.
References
Russian Orthodox churches in Yaroslavl
Russian Orthodox cathedrals in Russia
Shrines to the Virgin Mary
Religious buildings and structures completed in 1687
Eastern Orthodox church buildings dedicated to Theotokos
1687 establishments in Russia
Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Yaroslavl Oblast |
17337921 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D.%20J.%20Sindh%20Government%20Science%20College | D. J. Sindh Government Science College | Dayaram Jethamal Sindh Government Science College, () commonly known as DJ Science College, is a public community college that is affiliated with the University of Karachi — it is located near Burns Road in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Premises
The college has following premises:
The Main Building is divided into two main parts. One new portion has the principal's, superintendent's and clerks' offices. In this portion are the departments of Urdu and Statistics on the ground floor and the departments of Islamic Studies and Pakistan Studies on the first floor. The oldest portion of the main building has the departments of Biochemistry, Botany, English & Physics in the ground floor, department of Chemistry, Computer Science & Microbiology and some classrooms in the first floor and department of Zoology in the second floor.
A. Q. Block has only classrooms; they are specially for first year.
There is another building on Muhammad bin Qasim Road, behind the main oldest building, it has the Main Library and departments of Mathematics and Geology.
M.Sc. block is under construction. It is opposite the A. Q. Block.
State-of-the-art gymnasium is adjacent to the A. Q. Block.
The principal's bungalow is one of the oldest building. Nowadays, Sindh Textbook Board has occupied this building as camp office.
Sport Complex is near the P.I.D.C roundabout and opposite the Pearl Continent Hotel. This complex is used for cricket and football.
Faculties / Departments
The college has the following departments:
Biochemistry
Botany
Chemistry
English
Geology
Islamic Studies
Mathematics
Microbiology
Pakistan Studies
Physical Education and Sports
Physics
Sindhi
Statistics
Urdu
Zoology
Admission
The college offers the admission in Pre-Engineering and Pre-Medical for Intermediate level affiliated to the Board of Intermediate Education, Karachi (B.I.E.K) under CAP (Centralized Admission Policy).
Affiliation
For undergraduate level, the college offers a combination of any three of the following subjects (Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Geology, Statistics, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Botany & Zoology). The college also offers admission in three year Bachelor of Computer Science (B.C.S. Semester System) programme, affiliated to University of Karachi since 1951.
Principals
Pre-Independence
Mullineux R. Walmsley (1887–1888)
Moses John Jackson (1888–1907)
H.P Ferrell (1908–1916)
A.C. Miller (1917–1918)
T.M. Shahani (1918–1927)
N.B Butani (1927–1943)
H.M Gurbaxani (1943–1944)
J.V Lakhani (1944–1947)
Mariwalla, Dharamdas Tekchand (1947)
Post Independence
LA deSouza (1955–1961)
JB Sidhwa (1961–1967)
Iftekhar Ahmed Ansari (1967–1972)
S. H. Zubairi (1972–1984)
Obaidur Rehman (1984–1985)
Abdul Samad (1985–1986)
Naseem Sheikh (1986 Apr–Jun)
Ziauddin Ahmed (1986 Jul–Sep)
Anwarul Haq Hashmi (1986–1987)
Zaheer Ahmed (1987–1988)
Naseem Ahmed Sheikh (1988–1990)
Sabzwari (1990)
M Qasim Siddiqui (1990–1991)
Abul Wakeel Qureshi (1991)
Aamir Ismail (1990-1991)
M Qasim Siddiqui (1991–1993)
Syed Kamal Uddin (1993–1995)
Mazharul Haq (1995–1996)
Muhammad Sharif Memon (1996 - 1997)
Ravi Shankar Harani (1997)
Asif (1997–1999)
Ravi Shankar Harani (1999 - 2006)
Hakeemullah Baig Chughtai (2006 to 2009)
Syed Rizwan Haider Taqvi (2009)
Kamil Shere (1 March 2010 to 5 March 2012)
Syed Afzal Hussain (5 March 2012 - 12 June 2013)
Muhammad Arshad (Acting) (13 June 2013 to 16 July 2013)
Ghulam Mehdi Balouch (17 July 2013 - 31 March 2014)
Muhammad Arshad (Acting) (1 April 2014 to 12 August 2014)
Allah Bux Awan (13 August 2014 to 17 October 2014)
Muhammad Arshad (18 Oct 2014 to 20 Dec 2016)
Shehzad Muslim Khan (acting) (21 December 2016 to 20 September 2017)
Muhammad Saleem (21 September 2017 to 30 March 2019)
Shehzad Muslim Khan (acting) (31 March 2019 to May 2020)
Ghulam Mustafa Charan (May 2020 – April 2021)
Muhammad Mehar Mangi (April 2021 - Present)
Notable graduates
Syed Murad Ali Shah (Chief Minister of Sindh, Pakistan)
Abdul Qadeer Khan (Nuclear Scientist & Head Of Pakistan Nuclear Weapons Program)
Ashraf Habibullah (president and CEO of Computers and Structures, Inc.)
Ziaur Rahman (former President of Bangladesh)
Pirzada Qasim (ex-vice chancellor Karachi University, vice chancellor Ziauddin University)
Adeebul Hasan Rizvi - founder of Sindh Institute of Urology & Transplantation (SIUT)
Shahid Masood (journalist and TV anchor person)
Kamran Ashraf (national hockey player)
Shahid Ali Khan (national hockey player)
Sohail Rana (film and TV music composer)
Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah (ex-Chief Minister of Sindh)
K. M. Kundnani (Principal, D.G. National College, 1947 and founder, National College, Mumbai)
Dolarrai Mankad (a well-known Sanskrit scholar and First vice-chancellor of Saurashtra University)
Moiz Ullah Baig (International Scrabble player - Pakistan Scrabble Champion 2018 & World Junior Scrabble Champion 2018)
Aspy Engineer, Indian pilot
Jamshed Nusserwanjee Mehta (1st Mayor of Karachi)
References
External links
Universities and colleges in Karachi
Educational institutions established in 1882
University of Karachi
1882 establishments in British India
Heritage sites in Karachi |
23577549 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailor%20Mercury | Sailor Mercury | is a fictional character in the Sailor Moon manga series created by Naoko Takeuchi. She is the alternate identity of , a teenage Japanese schoolgirl, and a member of the Sailor Guardians, supernatural female fighters who protect the Solar System from evil.
Sailor Mercury is the first Sailor Guardian to be discovered by Sailor Moon. She serves as the "brains" of the group, as she is highly intelligent and can also use a supercomputer to collect useful information in battles. She possesses powers associated with water and ice.
Aside from the main body of the Sailor Moon series, Ami features in her own short story in the manga, Ami's First Love. Originally published in volume fourteen of the manga, this was the only of three "Exam Battle" stories to be made into a special for the anime which makes her one of the most recognizable and popular characters in the series. A number of image songs mentioning Ami's character have been released as well, including the contents of three different 3-inch CD singles.
Profile
Ami's most emphasized character trait is that she is extremely intelligent—in the anime and manga she is rumored by other characters to have an IQ of three hundred, while in the stage musicals this is stated as a fact. She is adept at English in both the musicals and the anime, and in the live action it was clearly, although briefly, demonstrated by the actress portraying her (actress Chisaki Hama was speaking to an English speaking character as her character was visiting the United States as a medical intern). Her peers view her with a mixture of awe and distaste, misinterpreting her inherent shyness as snobbery, and so she tends to have a difficult time making new friends. Ami is depicted as kind, sweet, gentle, and loyal, as well as slightly insecure. She also dislikes the fights of Sailor Moon and Sailor Mars. Anne Allison describes her as "a smart girl who needs to relax", calling her "conscientious" and "studious", "everything Usagi is not". Early on in the story, she relies heavily on the approval of her mother, teachers, and friends, but as the series progresses she becomes stronger and more confident in herself. She is generally the most sensible of the main characters, and is often the only one embarrassed when the group has a dull-witted moment. As the story begins, she attends Azabu Jūban Junior High along with Usagi Tsukino and, later, Makoto Kino.
Throughout the series, much of Ami's free time is spent studying. She loves to read, and dreams aloud of one day being a doctor like her mother and becomes one in both Parallel Sailor Moon and the live action series. In the musicals, Ami's dream of being a doctor and leaving Japan to study abroad is a recurring theme. The first part of the song shows Ami's conflict between studying abroad and growing up or being with everyone else and staying a young girl. She faces a similar dilemma in the anime, but very directly; given the opportunity to study in Germany, she gets as far as the airport before deciding to stay in Japan and fight evil alongside her friends.
Ami has a great appreciation for art as well as science, and, contrary to the usual depiction of a bookworm, enjoys pop culture and romance novels (though she is usually embarrassed to admit it). In both the anime and the manga, Ami's diligence in her studies becomes a running gag; she often comically scolds Usagi and the others for not doing their homework, and she can become obsessive about being the best student. Her character has been interpreted as a political commentary on the education system of Japan. She sometimes displays attraction to boys her age, and other times aversion to the idea. Love letters are listed as the one thing she has most trouble with, and when she later receives one, it gives her a rash. In the anime, a classmate named Ryo Urawa learns her identity and expresses attraction to her, but this is never resolved, as he disappears after just two appearances in the first series.
Besides reading, Ami is shown playing chess and swimming in order to relax. As the team scholar, computers are listed her strong point; she even belongs to the club at school. She loves all her classes, especially mathematics. Her favorite foods are given as sandwiches and anmitsu, with her least favorite being yellowtail. Other loves include cats, the colors aquamarine and blue, the flower Water Lily, and the gemstone sapphire.
Ami is one of the few girls in the series whose family situation is explicitly mentioned in the anime. Her parents are divorced, and she lives with her mother, a busy doctor who is not home very often, named Saeko in the live-action series. They look very similar, and Ami admires her mother and longs to live up to her example. Besides her workaholic tendencies, Dr. Mizuno is portrayed as a good person who openly resents not having more time to spend with her daughter. Ami's father is never named, but is stated in the manga and anime to be a painter. The manga says that he never visits them, having decided one day not to come home from the forest where he was relaxing and painting, but he sends her postcards on her birthday. Thinking about this, Ami sometimes resents her parents' selfishness in separating, partly because divorce in Japan is taboo. However, in the anime Ami seems to appreciate her father and seems to share some of his artistic traits, at one point even composing matching lyrics for a tune that had none. In the manga, Ami's mother is revealed to be fairly rich, as they live in a condominium. Ami is shown testing the strength of a sword that the Sailor Soldiers received on the Moon by using it to chip a diamond ring. (Classically, a diamond is the hardest mineral.) When the girls panic, she calms them by saying that her mother has many more.
In the live-action series, Ami is especially shy and usually wears glasses while in public, even though she does not need them. At her middle school, she has no friends before meeting Usagi and always eats lunch alone on the roof so she can study. Usagi seems to be the only one to realize that Ami is merely shy, not truly standoffish, and in befriending her gradually helps Ami to learn that she is more than just a bookworm. By Act 34, when Ami's mother attempts to transfer her to another school because she thinks Ami's friends are bad influences, Ami rebels, avoiding the admission interview and spending the night at the Sailor Guardians' hideout with Rei Hino. Later she tells her mother that what she's doing in her life right now is more important than studying, and her mother understands.
Ami is a kind and gentle girl who dislikes quarrels and abhors harming innocent people. These traits are even cited in the title of an anime episode, "Believe in Love! Ami, a Kind-Hearted Soldier", where she persuaded Sailor Uranus and Sailor Neptune not to kill Hotaru. Like her comrades, her loyalty to Sailor Moon is unwavering, and she would sacrifice her life for her princess if necessary.
Aspects and forms
As a character with different incarnations, special abilities, powers, transformations, and ageless extended longevity; an extremely long lifetime virtually spanned between the Silver Millennium era and the 30th century, Ami gains multiple aspects and aliases as the series progresses.
Sailor Mercury
Ami's Sailor Soldier identity is Sailor Mercury. She wears a uniform colored in shades of blue. In the manga and live-action series, her outfit is initially sleeveless and she has three blue studs in each of her ears. Her Sailor Moon Crystal design is largely faithful to her manga design, with the exception of having one blue stud on her right ear, and three on the left. In contrast, the original anime initially depicted her with sleeves and a single blue stud in each ear. Sailor Mercury is given specific titles throughout the various series, including Soldier of Water and Wisdom, Soldier of Intelligence, Soldier of Justice and Wisdom, and Soldier of Love and Exams. Her personality is no different from when she is a civilian, although certain special abilities are unavailable to her in that form.
In Japanese, the name for the planet Mercury is , the first kanji meaning "water" and the second indicating a celestial object. Although the Roman planet-name is used, Sailor Mercury's abilities are water-based due to this aspect of Japanese mythology. Initially most of her powers are strategic rather than offensive, and she possesses various pieces of computerized equipment to help her study the enemy.
As she grows much stronger and more powerful, Sailor Mercury gains additional powers, and at key points her uniform changes to reflect this. The first change takes place in Act 35 of the manga, when she obtains the Mercury Crystal and her outfit becomes similar to that of Super Sailor Moon. She is not given a new title. A similar event is divided between episodes 143 and 151 of the anime, and she is given the name Super Sailor Mercury. A third form appears in Act 42 of the manga, unnamed but analogous to Eternal Sailor Moon (sans wings). In the official visual book for Sailor Moon Eternal, this form was named "Eternal Sailor Mercury".
Dark Mercury
In the live action series, Ami is briefly taken over by the power of the Dark Kingdom and becomes . This form first appears in Act 21, as a servant of Kunzite. Her sailor suit has black tulle and lace on the back bow and sleeves, and tribal designs appear on her tiara and boots. She also gains a chain with a black charm on it around her waist. Her transformation phrase is Dark Power! Make-up! and is said in a much darker tone. She wields a sword fashioned from an icicle, which she creates herself the first time her transformation is displayed. In promotional photos prior to her premiere, she was shown with a different sword, which seemed to have strings on it like a harp or violin; the latter seems more likely, as she is also seen holding a bow. This bow was redecorated and given to Zoisite for use as a sword.
Dark Mercury is created when Kunzite manages to kidnap Ami in a moment of vulnerability while the other Sailor Guardians are busy. He exposes her directly to the power of Queen Metaria, causing drastic personality changes as well as the alterations to her uniform. She is self-confident to the point of egotism, and continues to attend school in civilian form, mainly to antagonize Usagi by brainwashing all of her former friends. Dressing predominantly in black, evil-Ami tends to move about slowly and dramatically, and when confronting the Sailor Guardians gives a sense of sadistic glee.
Dark Mercury has no intention of being a follower to anyone, and is always trying to pursue her own agenda, which is to kill her friends and become as strong as possible. She shows blatant disrespect to Kunzite and the other Kings of Heaven, even to Queen Beryl, perhaps because, unlike even the Four Kings of Heaven, she had been directly exposed to Metaria's power during her conversion, as opposed to having Queen Beryl or another intermediary filtering it.
Despite these alterations, certain aspects of the real Ami still remain. She still wants to do well in school, and wants friends, hence the brainwashing of her classmates. She seems to retain a sense of sympathy, which is evident when she repairs Nephrite's cape for him, stating that she does not like to see him alone.
Periodically, Sailor Moon attempts to heal her friend with the power of the Silver Crystal. Mercury is always snatched away before this can be completed, but it has some effect, ultimately resulting in her recovery. In Act 28, the catalyst for her finally returning to normal is when, having defeated Sailor Moon in battle, the sight of her injured friend causes her to realize she cares about Usagi, and to remember who she really is. After being healed, she has no memories of what happened while she was Dark Mercury. This haunts her, as she becomes terrified of what she may have done to her friends while not in control.
Princess Mercury
According to the manga, during the age of Silver Millennium, Sailor Mercury was also the Princess of her home planet. She was among those given the duty of protecting Princess Serenity of Silver Millennium. As Princess Mercury, she dwelt in Mariner Castle and wore a light blue gown—she appears in this form in the original manga and in supplementary art. Naoko Takeuchi once drew her in the arms of Zoisite, but no further romantic link between them was established in the manga or the first anime adaptation. However, in Sailor Moon Crystal, it is clearly stated that Sailor Mercury and Zoisite were in love during the Silver Millennium.<ref>Sailor Moon Crystal act #12 "Enemy –Queen Metalia"</ref> This is also established in the first stage musical, and in the later Eien Densetsu, where Ami and a disguised Zoisite share a duet, .
Special powers and items
In the manga, Ami can dowse without any aids. Otherwise, she is not shown using any special powers in her civilian form, and may not be able to. She must first transform into a Sailor Guardian by raising a special device (pen, bracelet, wand, or crystal) into the air and shouting a special phrase, originally "Mercury Power, Make-up!" As she becomes more powerful and obtains new transformation devices, this phrase changes to evoke Mercury Star, Planet, or Crystal Power. In both anime, Sailor Mercury's transformation sequence evolves slightly over time, whether to update the background images or to accommodate changes to her uniform or a new transformation device, but all of them involve a stream of water which she whirls around her body as she spins, forming her outfit with a ripple-like effect.
Sailor Mercury has the power to create and manipulate water. For the entire first story arc, she uses her water-manipulating capabilities only to create solid and dense clouds of mist and fog, chilling and blinding the enemy while her allies prepare more direct attacks. In the manga she usually does this without speaking, while in the anime it is given the name Shabon Spray. In the updated renewal manga, this power is renamed Mercury Aqua Mist to match the live-action series and the second anime series, in which she has an offensive beam attack by that name, capable of destroying weaker enemies. She uses a total of five attacks in this series, most of which are variations on the first.
Sailor Mercury's first major offensive attack is Shine Aqua Illusion, introduced in the second story arc, which can be used as a projectile, to freeze the enemy in solid ice, or to create a defensive barrier out of solid ice. Aside from variations on her other powers (mostly improving their strength with the addition of "Freezing" or "Snow"), her next named attack is Mercury Aqua Mirage, used during the third arc of the manga and again in the special side-story "Ami's First Love" (manga and anime) and she also uses this attack in second anime series. Her final and greatest strength and power comes in the fourth story arc, when she takes on her second Sailor Soldier form (Super Sailor Mercury in the anime). At this stage she acquires a special weapon, the Mercury Rod, and with it Mercury Aqua Rhapsody, which is her primary attack for the duration of the story. In the anime, Mercury gains the rod deep within her subconscious. The manga took a different approach with the Mercury Rod making it more of an item rather than a rod formed due to the attack. Furthermore, Sailor Mercury gained the rod through her power guardian. In the manga the Mercury Rod, as well as the other Sailor Soldiers' weapons have their own "wills" and can even speak and give input.
In addition to her own powers, Sailor Mercury has more non-magical items than any other Sailor Soldier. Early on in the series she makes frequent use of an extremely powerful "Micro-miniature Super Computer" that enables her to make special calculations, scan her surroundings, track the movements of allies as well as foes, and determine her enemies' weak points. The computer works in sync with her Mercury Goggles, which analyzes the area around her and displays information in front of her eyes and on the Computer. The visor may be a hologram of some sort; it materializes across her face when she touches her earring. The manga sometimes shows her wearing a small microphone connected to her earring, which she uses to communicate with Luna at the Sailor Guardians' hideout during the manga's first arc. All of these devices gradually fall out of use as the series progresses. She is one of two Sailor Guardians to use it for a named attack (Mercury Aqua Storm), and later can transform it into a sword. She also creates swords out of water, both as Sailor Mercury and as Dark Mercury.
In the manga, the Mercury Crystal and Mercury Rod are among her most significant magical possessions. The former is her Sailor Crystal and the source of all of her power, which becomes especially important in the fifth story arc.
Development
Ami was not included in the original proposal for a hypothetical Codename: Sailor V anime, which instead featured Minako's very similar-looking best friend from that series, Hikaru Sorano. She was present, however, by the time the concept was expanded to center on Sailor Moon.
Creator Naoko Takeuchi designed Ami as the "team brain", giving her genius-level intelligence to create the impression that she was not quite human—in fact, the character was originally intended to be a cyborg with an accelerator. One possible storyline involved her losing an arm or being injured in some other way and dying from it, but Takeuchi's editor objected, so Ami became a fully human character.
Sailor Mercury's original costume design, like the others', was fully unique. It featured full-length sleeves, pink ribbons, shoulder guards, green accents, buttons on the stomach, and high-tech goggles. Later, Takeuchi was surprised by these sketches and stated that she did not remember drawing them. She also describes Ami as looking like Noriko Sakai, a J-pop idol of the early 1990s, and in Ami's original debut, Usagi thinks to herself that Ami resembles Miss Rain, a character from another Takeuchi series. This reference was removed in the 2003 renewal manga.
The kanji in Ami's last name translate as and ; and her first name translates as and . It is structured as a pun, as the syllable "no" indicates a possessive, so that her name can also be understood as "Beauty of Water." It is frequently mistranslated as "Friend of Water" because of the French word ami, which is included in some Japanese dictionaries.
Actresses
In the original anime production of Sailor Moon, Ami was voiced by veteran voice actress Aya Hisakawa. After the show's conclusion, Hisakawa wrote in an artbook that she was "raised by" the character of Ami, and was "really, greatly happy" to have met her.
In the Sailor Moon Crystal anime, Ami is voiced by Hisako Kanemoto.
In the DIC/Cloverway English adaptation, Ami's name is changed to "Amy". Her voice was provided first by Karen Bernstein, for the original and R series and the movies, and later by Liza Balkan for the S and SuperS series. In the Viz Media English dub Ami's voice is supplied by Kate Higgins.
Ami has been portrayed by 11 actresses in the stage musicals: Ayako Morino, Yukiko Miyagawa, Hisano Akamine, Mariya Izawa, Chieko Kawabe, Manami Wakayama, Miyabi Matsura, Momoyo Koyama, Yume Takeuchi, Riria Itou, Miria Watanabe, Cocona, Umino Kawamura and Momoko Kaechi.
In Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon, she is played by Rika Izumi. Child actress Kanki Matsumoto portrays Ami in flashback sequences and childhood photographs.
Reception and influence
The official Sailor Moon character popularity polls listed Ami Mizuno and Sailor Mercury as separate entities. In 1992, readers ranked them at seventh and fourth respectively, out of thirty eight choices. One year later, now with fifty choices, Ami was the eighth most popular while Mercury was ninth. In 1994, with fifty one choices, Ami was the fifteenth most popular character, and Mercury was sixteenth. In early 1996, with fifty one choices, Ami was again the fifteenth most popular character, and Mercury was the nineteenth. Ami was the most popular female character in Animage's May 1993 poll, and an episode featuring her, "Love for Ami?! A Boy Who Can Predict the Future", was the eleventh favorite episode. The following year she came second behind Belldandy, and in 1995 she came fifth. In 1995, an episode featuring Ami, "The Labyrinth of Water! Ami the Targeted", was the ninth favorite episode. In 1996, after the debut of Neon Genesis Evangelion, she came sixteenth, and in 1997 she came twentieth.
A five-book series was published, one book on each of the Sailor Soldiers and Sailor Moon. Ami's was released in 1996. This book was later translated into English by Mixx. The episode where Sailor Mercury gained her powers was novelised by Mixx.
She was popular with the male audience of Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon'' due to her computer use and skills.
See also
Mercury in fiction
Mercury (mythology)
Elsa (Frozen)
Enki
References
Comics characters introduced in 1992
Fiction set on Mercury (planet)
Fictional characters with ice or cold abilities
Fictional characters with water abilities
Fictional high school students
Fictional middle school students
Mercury
Teenage characters in anime and manga |
56564828 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashtun%20Tahafuz%20Movement | Pashtun Tahafuz Movement | The Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM; Paṣtūn Zhghōrənē Ghōrźang; ) is a social movement for Pashtun human rights based in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan, Pakistan. It was founded in May 2014 by eight students in Dera Ismail Khan. On 1 February 2018, the name of the movement was changed from "Mahsud Tahafuz Movement" ('Mahsud Protection Movement') to "Pashtun Tahafuz Movement."
During PTM's public demonstrations and sit-ins since February 2018, several demands were presented to the Pakistani government and military, including punishment to the retired police officer Rao Anwar, a truth and reconciliation commission on extrajudicial killings in the country, presenting missing persons before courts, and removal of landmines from the Pashtun tribal areas. The movement is led by Manzoor Pashteen, a human rights activist from South Waziristan. Other prominent activists in it include Ali Wazir, Mohsin Dawar, Mir Kalam, Alamzaib Mahsud, Abdullah Nangyal, Fazal Khan, Gulalai Ismail, Sanna Ejaz, Wranga Loni, and the late Arman Loni, Arif Wazir, Usman Kakar, and Noor Islam Dawar. PTM claims to be an unarmed and peaceful resistance movement working within the lawful boundaries of the Constitution of Pakistan. The Pakistan Army and several journalists have claimed that the movement is trying to create discord in the country along ethnic lines, as well as following a foreign agenda. The movement has seen strong support from neighboring Afghanistan, which traditionally has an uneasy relationship with the government of Pakistan.
History
Background
Pashtun territory has been a war zone since the 1980s, since the Cold War between the Soviet Union and United States and the following conflict between western and Islamist forces. The PTM therefore campaigns against war, blaming both the Taliban and the Pakistani military for the destruction.
Early history
The movement was founded as Mahsud Tahafuz Movement in May 2014 by eight students in Dera Ismail Khan as an initiative for removing landmines from Waziristan and other parts of the former Federally Administered Tribal Areas, affected by the war in North-West Pakistan.
The movement rose to prominence in January 2018 when it began a justice movement for Naqeebullah Mehsud, who was extrajudicially killed in a fake encounter staged by the police officer Rao Anwar in Karachi. When the movement gained popularity among the Pashtuns in February 2018, the word "Mahsud" in its name, which referred to the Mahsud tribe from Waziristan, was changed into "Pashtun" to refer to all Pashtuns.
The movement, which has inspired global Pashtun solidarity, has been dominated by youth, and thrives on social media while lacking significant coverage in mainstream media. According to Saleem Shah, it has challenged military power where typical Pashtun nationalist parties have not dared. However, the PTM lacks organizational structure and a political manifesto, as of 2018.
In November 2018, PTM launched a justice movement for Tahir Dawar, a police officer and Pashto poet who was abducted from the capital Islamabad and tortured to death, with his corpse found 18 days after disappearance in the Dur Baba District of Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan. PTM, as well as Tahir's family, demanded that Tahir's murder must be investigated through an international commission rather than a Pakistani one because the case involved two countries. PTM again gained international press coverage in February 2019 when the Balochistan Police allegedly extrajudicially murdered one of the leaders of PTM, Arman Loni, in Loralai. Protests followed which led to the detention of more than 20 PTM activists, including Gulalai Ismail and Abdullah Nangyal. In May 2020, after the assassination of PTM leader Arif Wazir, another wave of widespread protests was held during which several PTM activists, including Gilaman and Nadeem Askar, were arrested by Pakistani authorities. The Pashteen hat (also known as the Mazari hat) has become the most iconic symbol of PTM, as Manzoor Pashteen regularly wears it at public rallies and events.
Kharqamar incident
On 26 May 2019, there was a clash between the Pakistan Army and PTM activists who were holding a protest gathering near the Kharqamar check post in North Waziristan. To stop the demonstration, the security forces killed at least 13 PTM supporters and injured over 25 others. The military said PTM members attacked security forces before any shooting began and injured several soldiers, but the army showed no evidence to contradict the witness accounts and videos, that largely pointed to the contrary. Several PTM activists, including two members of the National Assembly of Pakistan, Ali Wazir and Mohsin Dawar, were arrested by the security forces after the incident and curfew was imposed in the area. A day after this incident, the opposition parties walked out of the National Assembly of Pakistan in protest, and asked Asad Qaiser, who was the Speaker of the National Assembly and a leader of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), to produce Wazir and Dawar before the parliament so that they could explain their viewpoint about the incident at the parliament sessions, but the speaker refused.
After almost four months in jail, Wazir and Dawar were released on bail on 21 September 2019. On 14 October 2020, the government withdrew the Kharqamar case against PTM, and Wazir and Dawar were acquitted of the charges against them.
Objectives
The main demands of PTM presented during the Pashtun Long March's gatherings in 2018 included, among others:
State Terrorism
The Pashtun Tahafuz Movement has highly demanded that landmines must be removed from the Pashtun tribal areas. The PTM leaders have criticized Pakistan's military establishment for terrorizing lands of Pashtun people several times. They adopted a famous Balochi slogan "ye jo dehshatgardi hai, iske peeche wardi hai" (Those in uniform are behind terrorism). PTM also demanded several times that Rao Anwar and other police officers involved must be punished for the alleged murder of Naqeebullah Mehsud. PTM also demands a truth and reconciliation commission must be established for all the people who are killed extrajudicially like Naqeebullah Mehsud in alleged fake encounters by the law enforcement agencies of Pakistan The missing persons who are imprisoned at unknown places must be tried in a court of law, and forced disappearances must be stopped.
Torture of Pashtuns
PTM demands that torture and collective punishment against entire villages and tribes in the Pashtun tribal areas, especially after a violent incident, must be stopped The humiliation of locals at army checkpoints in the Pashtun areas must be ended.
Pashtun marches
Islamabad sit-in
On 26 January 2018, the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement organized a protest march starting from Dera Ismail Khan. Pashteen started the march along with 20 friends, but many people joined it along the way, as it passed through Lakki Marwat, Bannu, Domel, Karak, Kohat, and Darra Adam Khel, reaching Peshawar on 28 January. Then after passing through Charsadda, Mardan, Swabi, and Tarnol, the march reached Islamabad, where a sit-in called "All Pashtun National Jirga" was organized from 1 February outside the National Press Club. The jirga condemned the murder of the Pashtun labourer and aspiring model, Naqeebullah Mehsud, who was shot dead by police force in Karachi during an alleged encounter, and the alleged state oppression against the Pashtuns. It asked the government to set up a judicial inquiry for Naqeebullah Mehsud, as well as for all the other Pashtuns murdered extrajudicially in police encounters. The jirga demanded to stop racial profiling of the Pashtuns in Pakistan, and to bring the Pashtun missing persons before the court of law, so that those who are innocent but held could be freed. The jirga also demanded Pakistan Army to guarantee that they will not abduct or open fire on innocents in the tribal areas, or use violence or collective punishment against entire villages and tribes, and that they will not impose the frequent curfews on the movement of locals even after minor incidents. Another demand was to remove all landminess planted in the tribal areas, which have resulted in many civilian casualties. The protesters said that since 2009, more than 35 people including children had been killed due to landmines in South Waziristan alone.
The sit-in in Islamabad ended on 10 February, but the organizers of the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement announced that they would reconvene the protest if their demands were not fulfilled by the government. Advisor to Prime Minister on political affairs, Engr. Amir Muqam appeared in front of the protesters with the hand-written agreement from the Prime Minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi that included three clauses, agreeing to apprehend Rao Anwar, speed-up the clearing of Mines in South Waziristan, an intermediate college establishment in name of Naqeebullah Mehsud, and promised to addressed "genuine gravencies" raised by Jirga members. Muqam also told the protestors, "the way you held the peaceful protest is really commendable and others should learn a lesson to record their protests this way. I’ll stand by you in trying times and you can come to discuss with me all of your legitimate issues anytime."
On 13 May 2018, family members of missing Pakistanis participated in a protest rally by Pashtun Tahafuz Movement in Karachi, Pakistan by holding photos of their relatives.
Public gatherings
PTM has held public demonstrations at various places, including Bajaur, Bannu, Chaman, Charsadda, Dera Ismail Khan, Islamabad, Kabul, Karachi, Khyber, Killa Saifullah, Lahore, Loralai, North Waziristan, Peshawar, Quetta, South Waziristan, Swabi, Swat, Battagram, Tank, Zhob, as well as in several Western countries including Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Media blackouts
The powershows and rallys of the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement are not shown by mainstream media channels as they are not allowed by the Establishment, leaving social media as the primary channel for communicating with the rest of Pakistan and strengthening the narrative that the PTM is being ignored by the system. In February 2019, Khyber TV, a Pakistani Pashto-language channel, chose not to air an interview with Manzoor Pashteen because of pressure from the military.
On 23 March 2018, the PTM meeting was scheduled to be held in Peshawar University, but Deputy Commissioner Peshawar Islam Zeb, issued an order under section 144 CrPC, imposing ban on political meetings in University and stated any violation against the order shall be preceded against u/s 188 PPC and order will be exercised "for 30 days unless modified or withdrawn." Later the meeting was held in Baghi-e-Naran, Hayatabad with 200 person attending the gathering.
The movement's anthem is "Da Sanga Azadi Da?", which means "What kind of freedom is this?". Many Pashtun's have discovered their voice with this anthem and it encloses the various grievances they have from being caught between the militants and the military.
On 26 April 2019, Mohsin Dawar tweeted that he and his fellow National Assembly member Ali Wazir were barred from holding a press conference at National Press Club (NPC) despite having prior bookings. Many prominent politicians including Pakistan Peoples Party's Chairman Bilawal Bhutto Zardari, Farhatullah Babar and Bushra Gohar condemned NPC for their move. The next day, NPC issued statement claiming that the lawmakers had not made any prior bookings. The Pakistan Army spokesman Major General Asif Ghafoor told the journalist Hamid Mir not to invite PTM members on media in response to a question by the journalist as to whether the media houses should invite PTM leaders on TV channels. On 29 April 2019, Asif Ghafoor said PTM would no longer be tolerated. "Their time is up," he said of PTM at the press conference.
Criticism of the Pakistan Army
PTM openly criticizes the Pakistan Army and accuses the Pakistani state of violating the basic human rights of the Pashtuns, but the Pakistan Army has claimed that PTM is backed by foreign powers and their gatherings are "engineered". PTM claims that as a result, news organizations in Pakistan have been pressured to ignore PTM, and university professors have been forced to identify the students attending PTM's protest gatherings. Some Pakistani politicians and journalists also view PTM as working on a foreign or Pashtun nationalist agenda. However, PTM's leadership has claimed that they are protesting through peaceful means within the Constitution of Pakistan.
Gulalai Ismail, a leading PTM member, received death threats by Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) for speaking enforced disappearancess allegedly carried out by the Pakistani military. Due to the allegations of treason against Gulalai Ismail by the Pakistan police, she went into hiding and eventually took refuge in the United States.
PTM leader Ali Wazir is also known for his vocal criticism of Pakistan's military establishment. He blames the Pakistan Armed Forces for human rights violations during its large-scale military operations, including Operation Rah-e-Nijat in South Waziristan in 2009, during which time he was forced to stay in Dera Ismail Khan due to the insecurity in Waziristan. On 16 December 2020, Wazir was arrested on allegations of treason by the Sindh Police in Peshawar, where he was present to commemorate the 2014 Peshawar school massacre. Qamar Javed Bajwa, the Pakistan Army Chief, stated on 1 July 2021 that Wazir would have to apologize for criticizing the Pakistan Army and then he could be released, but Wazir refused to apologize. On 14 March 2022, the Pashtun National Jirga in Bannu demanded that Wazir be immediately released along with all other political prisoners.
See also
Waziristan
Killing of Naqeebullah Mehsud
Manzoor Pashteen
Ali Wazir
Mohsin Dawar
Forced disappearances in Pakistan
Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism
Targeted killings in Pakistan
People's Peace Movement (Afghanistan)
References
2018 in Pakistan
2018 protests
Activism in Pakistan
Ethnic organisations based in Pakistan
Human rights organisations based in Pakistan
Pashtun nationalism
Pashtun rights
Pashtun politics
Politics of Balochistan, Pakistan
Politics of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas
Politics of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Protests in Pakistan
Social movements in Afghanistan
Social movements in Pakistan
Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Censorship in Pakistan
Afghanistan–Pakistan relations
Human rights abuses in Pakistan
2014 establishments in Pakistan |
26721938 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportivo%20SIMA | Deportivo SIMA | Deportivo SIMA is a Peruvian football club, playing in the city of Callao, Peru.
History
The club was the 1969 and 1971 Peruvian Segunda División champion.
The club have played at the highest level of Peruvian football in the 1970, 1972, and 1973 Torneo Descentralizado when was relegated.
Honours
National
Peruvian Segunda División:
Winners (2): 1969, 1971
Regional
Liga Departamental del Callao:
Winners (1): 2006
Runner-up (1): 2003
Liga Distrital del Callao:
Winners (7): 1967, 1974, 1976, 1982, 1999, 2006, 2009
Runner-up (6): 1985, 1987, 2000, 2001, 2008, 2010
See also
Copa Perú
List of football clubs in Peru
Peruvian football league system
External links
Official Website
Association football clubs established in 1950
Football clubs in Peru |
6906579 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Knights%20of%20the%20Fish | The Knights of the Fish | The Knights of the Fish (Spanish: "Los Caballeros del Pez") is a Spanish fairy tale collected by Fernán Caballero in Cuentos. Oraciones y Adivinas. Andrew Lang included it in The Brown Fairy Book. A translation was published in Golden Rod Fairy Book. Another version of the tale appears in A Book of Enchantments and Curses by Ruth Manning-Sanders.
It is classified in the Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index as type 303 ("The Twins or Blood Brothers"). Most tales of the sort begin with the father catching a talking fish thrice and, in the third time, the animal asks to be sacrificed and fed to the fisherman's wife and horses, and for his remains to be buried underneath a tree. By doing so, twins are born to him and his wife, as well as two foals and two trees. It is also classified as ATU 300 ("The Dragon-Slayer"), a widespread tale.
Synopsis
An industrious but poor cobbler tried to fish until he was so hungry that he thought he would hang himself if he caught nothing. He caught a beautiful fish. It told him to cook it and then give two pieces to his wife, and bury two more in the garden. He did this. His wife gave birth to twin boys, and two plants sprang up, bearing shields, in the garden.
When the boys were grown, they decided to travel. At a crossroad, they parted ways. One found a city grieving, because every year a maiden had to be offered up to a dragon, and this year the lot had fallen on the princess. He went to see where the princess was, and then left her to fetch a mirror. He told her to cover it with her veil and hide behind it; when the dragon approached, she was to tear the veil off. She did, and the dragon stared at his rival, identical to him. He threatened it until he finally smashed it to pieces, but as every fragment reflected him, he thought he too had been smashed. While the dragon was still baffled, the knight killed it. The king married him to his daughter.
The princess then showed him all over the country. He saw a castle of black marble, and was warned that whoever went to it never returned. He set out the next day. When he blew his horn and struck the gate, a woman finally opened the door. Echoes warned him off. He lifted his helmet, and the woman, who was an evil witch, let him in because he was so handsome. She told him that she would marry him, but he refused. The witch showed him over the castle and suddenly killed him by dropping him through a trapdoor.
His brother came to the city, and was taken for him. He kept quiet, so he could help his brother, and told the princess that he had to go back to the castle. He demanded to know what happened to his brother, and the echoes told him the truth. With this knowledge, as soon as he met the witch, he stabbed her with his sword. The dying witch then beg him to save her life with magical plants from the garden. He found the bodies of his brother and the witch's previous victims, and restored them to life using the magic plants. He also found a cave full of maidens who had been killed by the dragon, reviving them too. After they all left, the witch died and her castle collapsed.
Motifs
The motif of the demand for sacrifice of youngsters of either sex happens in the Greek myth of Theseus and the Minotaur. However, a specific variant, where the dragon or serpent demands the sacrifice of young maidens or princesses is shared by many tales or legends all over the world: Japanese tale of Susanoo-no-Mikoto and the eight-headed serpent Orochi; Chinese folktale of Li Ji Slays the Great Serpent, attested in Soushen Ji, a 4th century compilation of stories, by Gan Bao.
The myth of Perseus and Andromeda is an archaic reflex of the princess and dragon theme: for disrespecting the Nereids, sea god Poseidon demands in sacrifice the life of the Ethiopian princess Andromeda to the sea monster Cetus. She is thus chained to a rock afloat in the sea, but is rescued by semi-divine hero Perseus. A similar event happens in the story of Trojan princess Hesione.
The many-headed serpent enemy shares similarities with Greek mythic creature Hydra, defeated by Heracles as part of his Twelve Labors. An episode of a battle with the dragon also occurs in several fairy tales: The Three Dogs, The Two Brothers, The Merchant (fairy tale), The Bold Knight, the Apples of Youth, and the Water of Life, The Three Princes and their Beasts, The Thirteenth Son of the King of Erin, Georgic and Merlin, the epic feats of Dobrynya Nikitich, the Polish legend of the Wawel Dragon.
The motif of the birth of twin boys by eating a magical fish shares similarities with a practice involving flower petals, as seen in the ATU 711, "The Beautiful and the Ugly Twin" (Tatterhood).
Variants
Origins
Greek folklorist listed several conflicting theories that different scholars have proposed for the origins of the tale type (ATU 303): some see a possible connection with the Ancient Egyptian story Tale of Two Brothers; suggested a origin in the Byzantine period (300-1500 CE); Wolfgang Hierse indicated the Eastern Mediterranean, during the Hellenistic period.
According to scholar Christine Goldberg, studies on both tale types ATU 300 and ATU 303 using the historic-geographic method concluded that type 300 has "old elements", but the "modern form" originated in medieval times, while type 303 is more recent because it included type 300 within its narrative. Kurt Ranke, for example, supposed that type 303 originated in Western Europe, in France, during medieval times.
Distribution
German scholar Kurt Ranke, who authored one of the definitive studies on the tale type ATU 303, analysed some 770 variants. As researcher Richard M. Dorson put it, the tale type "is well distributed throughout Europe and densely reported from Finland, Ireland, Germany, France, and Hungary.".
Variants are also found in Africa, such as The Twin Brothers from French Congo; Rombao, from Quelimane; and The Queen of the Fish, from Réunion, in the Indic Ocean. Similar tales are also reported among indigenous peoples of the Americas, such as The Eight-Headed Windigo, from a Chippewan teller.
On a more global scale, Daniel J. Crowley, comparing tale indexes of Indonesia, Africa, Madagascar, British Islands, France, Spain and the Muslim Near East, concluded that the tale type appears "among the most popular and widespread tales on earth".
The birth of the twins (triplets)
Ingestion of fish or aquatic animal
The usual tale involves the birth of twins from the ingestion of the flesh of the fish - a motif that opens the tale type and, according to scholar Patrice Lajoye, with considerable antiquity. French historian François Delpech (fr) noted that the twins or triplets born of the fish show celestial birthmarks on the head - a similar appearance shared by the foals and hounds that are also born through the fish. From the remains of the fish a pair of swords and a bush sprout (which serve as their token of life).
Very rarely, there are born triplets, such as in a variant from Brittany, France, collected by folklorist Adolphe Orain: in Les chevaliers de la belle étoile, instead of the usual twins, three sons are born when their mother is given the flesh of the enchanted eel (which replaces the fish). Each of the brothers is born with a star on the forehead. Similar variants include , from Bélesta, Ariège, wherein triplets are bron from the magical fish; and Polish "О рыбаке и трех его сыновьях" (English: "About the Fisherman and his Three Sons"), where the fisherman catches, as third try, a fish with diamond scales and gills that engenders the human triplets.
In Czech fairy tale The Twin Brothers, the enchanted fish is described as a princess cursed into piscian form. When a woman catches her (as fish) to eat, the princess says she will be delivered from her curse "as soon as [her] body has rotted".
The fish is also replaced by three eels in Serbian fairy tale "Три јегуље" ("The Three Eels"), by Vuk Karadzic.
In a Valencian tale collected by Enric Valor i Vives, La Mare dels Peixos ("The Mother of Fishes"), when the fisherman is sailing in the sea, he captures an eel-like, aquatic being with three heads that introduces itself at the "Mother of the Fishes". She tells the fisherman to kill it, and to give one of its heads to his wife, his dogs and his horses.
In an Asturian tale collected by Aurelio de Llano Roza de Ampudia, El pescador y la serena ("The Fisherman and the Mermaid"), the titular fisherman captures a mermaid who tells him to cut her apart in eight parts and give two to his wife. Thus, she will bear twins.
Ingestion of fruit
The aquatic animal is replaced altogether for a fruit in other variants, such as an apple in the Slavonic tale The Brothers; or a mango, which appears in the Indic form of the tale type (according to researcher Mary Brockington).
According to Armenian scholarship, the motif of the apple also appears in Armenian variants: a passing dervish gives the apple to the king's wife so that she may bear twins, but the dervish asks for one of the twins in payment. One of the boys is given to the dervish. After some time, he dips his hair in a magic golden pool, escapes from him with a horse and wears a disguise to work as a king's gardener (tale type ATU 314, "The Goldener", wherein a youth gains golden hair by magic and later works in a menial position). After the boy is petrified by a witch, his twin comes to his rescue (type ATU 303).
In a tale from Dagestan translated into Hungarian with the title Aranyhajú Arszlan ("Golden-Haired Arszlan"), a childless man is given a pair of beans as remedy for his plight by an old hermit, who asks for one of the twins in return. The beans work, and a pair of twins is born, named Arszlan and Batir. Arszlan is given to the hermit, who is in reality an evil creature. The youth escapes with a horse, dips his body in a river of a golden colour and works as gardener in another kingdom (tale type ATU 314).
In an Iranian tale collected by Emily Lorimer and David Lockhart Robertson Lorimer from Bakhtiari with the title The Gazelle Maiden and the Golden Brothers, a childless king with seven wives, named Malik Ahmad, receives a pomegranate from a dervish to give to his wife. She bears twins, and the elder twin, called Malik Mahmad, opts to accompany the dervish as part of his father's deal. On the way to a golden fountain, an old greybeard warns the youth that the dervish will kill him, so he should escape from him with his horse. He follows the man's instructions, bathes in the golden fountain and kills the dervish. He finds work in another kingdom, marries a girl and follows a gazelle to a cave. He enters the cave and sees a beautiful maiden, who reveals she is the gazelle. She challenges the golden twin to a physical battle. He loses and is put away with other prisoners. Far away, his younger twin, Sultan Mahmad, sees the brother's ring turn black and senses his twin is in danger. Sultan Mahmad meets his sister-in-law and puts a sword between them in bed. Later, Sultan Mahmad defeats the strong lady, marries her and releases his twin brother and the prisoners.
Imbibing of water
In an Afro-American variant from Antigua, Black Jack and White Jack, a White lady and a Black lady move to a strange land and walk about with a bottle of water. During three walks, as soon as their bottles are empty, they return home. On the fourth time, they see two ponds, one white and the other black. The White lady drinks from the white pond and gives birth to a White boy, and the Black lady from the black pond, and gives birth to a Black boy.
Birth of lookalike individuals
The ATU 303 type usually involves the birth of twins (or triplets), but in variants there are born two similar-looking individuals from a rich mother (queen, lady) and a poor one (maid, servant), who both ate the magical item that, according to some in-story superstition, is said to have pregnancy-inducing properties, such as a fruit or herb. Despite their different origins, both youths hold great affection and loyalty towards each other. One example is the Swedish folktale Silfver-hvit och Lill-vacker (English: "Silverwhite and Lillwacker").
In a Romanian fairy tale, Der Morgenstern und der Abendstern ("The Morning-Star and the Evening-Star"), a king and a queen have tried to conceive a child, but no such luck. One night, the empress dreams that God told her the method: the king must catch a fish, cook it and give it to the queen, who gives birth to a boy. A maid also tastes the queen's plate and gives birth to another boy. The prince is named Busujok and the maid's son Siminok.
In the Moravian tale Zkamenělí lidé ("The Petrified People"), a princess and her friend, a burgermeister's daughter, drink seawater and become pregnant at the same time. Seven years later, the king suspects foul play and plans execution of the maidens and their incredibly similar children, Petr and Karl. The king prepares a trial by ordeal: both boys should walk on water. Both pass the trial, since they did not sink in the sea.
In a Russian fairy tale, when the fisherman gives the fish for his wife to eat, she shares the food with the mare and the cow. Later, three individuals are born: three half-brothers, one of the human woman, the second of the mare and the third, Cow's Son, of the cow. The cow's son is the strongest and the hero of the tale.
In an Irish tale published by poet W. B. Yeats from an "old man" in Galway, Jack and Bill, the king's wife and a female cook eat a fish and give birth to identical individuals. They become very close friends, but depart to have their own adventures. Jack kills dragons and rescues a princess. He is later killed by a witch in the woods, but Bill saves him soon after. This tale was also published in Yeats's The Celtic Twilight with the name Dreams that have no Moral and in Lady Gregory's The Kiltartan Wonder Book, wherein the heroes are named Seamus and Shawneen.
In a Swiss tale collected by author Dietrich Jecklin from Schlans with the title Von den zwei Freunden ("About the two friends"), intent on never marrying his daughters, a king isolates them in a palace he built for them on a remote island. However, a mysterious male figure emerges from the sea and spends the night at the castle. Nine months later, a boy is born to each princess, each boy looking exactly like the other.
The names of the heroes
If the characters are named in the tale, both brothers may have water-related names. For instance, in Swedish variant Wattuman und Wattusin (Wassermann und Wasserjunge), in the Brothers Grimm tale Johann Wassersprung und Kaspar Wassersprung ("Johannes Waterspring and Casper Waterspring"), in another German variant Wasserpaul and Wasserpeter, or in a Hungarian variant Vízi Péter és Vízi Pál (vízi means "water" in Hungarian).
In another German variant, The Two Foundlings of the Spring, or, The Story of Brunnenhold and Brunnenstark, an exiled princess finds two babies near a spring and decided that "they shall both take their names from the water": Brunnenhold, with "blue eyes and hair", and Brunnenstark, because he is stronger than his brother. The tale of brothers Brunnenhold and Brunnenstark was also given a somewhat abridged format by 19th century theologue Johann Andreas Christian Löhr, with the name Die Söhne der Quelle.
In a Russian-language Siberian variant titled "Федор Водович и Иван Водович" ("Fyodor Vodovich and Ivan Vodovich", or "Fyodor, Son of the Water, and Ivan, Son of the Water"), a queen gives birth to a daughter, much to her husband's chagrin. The king decides to lock her up in a dungeon with a companion, to protect her from the world. One day, she is allowed to leave the dungeon, and drinks a bit of water from a well. Nine months later, she gives birth to two boys, later baptized as Ivan Vodovich and Fyodor Vodovich (vodo/a means water in Russian).
In an Irish tale from County Cork titled Tom Fisher and John Fisher, a fisherman's daughter catches a big fish into her boat. The fish becomes a man and marries her. They have twin boys, one named Tom Fisher and the other John Fisher.
The adventures of the twins (triplets)
The general narrative of the tale type separates the twins: one defeats the dragon and, after he marries the princess, goes to an illuminated castle (or tower) in the distance, where a witch resides. In Iberian variants, this castle is known as "Castle of No Return" (Spanish: Castillo de Irás y No Volverás) or "Tower of the Ill-Hour" (Portuguese: Torre da Má Hora). Later, his twin (or younger triplet) defeats the witch and rescues the older brother. Before the younger brother goes to rescue his sibling, he meets his sister-in-law, who mistakes him for her husband. To avoid any future complications, the brother lays down a sword between them in the royal bed. This motif is known as "The Sword of Chastity" and scholarship argues that it is "an integral part" of this tale type.
Some versions preserve the motif of the helping animals, attested in the pure form of ATU 300, "The Dragonslayer", where the sole hero is helped by four different animals or by three powerful dogs. One example of the latter type is the Romanian variant Măr și Păr: the prince Măr names his dogs "Florian, Cioban and Frunză de megheran", and the servant's son Păr gives his hounds the names of "Bujor, Rozor and Cetina brazilor".
The dragon of the tale, in Scandinavian variants, is sometimes replaced by a troll that lives in the sea.
In a tale collected from Wallonia, Le Garçon avec Ses Trois Chiens, triplets are born from the ingestion of the fish's flesh. This variant is peculiar in that it inverts the usual narrative: the brothers' petrification by the witch occurs before the episode of the dragon-slaying. The youngest triplet rescues his older brothers and later the princess demanded by the dragon.
A similar inversion of the twins' adventures occurs in Cossack (Ukrainian) tale The Two Princes: the younger twin rescues his older brother from the pagan witch that petrified him and his dog, and later the dragon-slaying episode happens.
In another tale, Die zwei Brüder ("The Two Brothers"), the heroes are born after the ingestion of the fish, one stays home and the other goes around the world. In this story, the episode of the petrification in the castle of the witch happens after the killing of the dragon, but before the revelation of the false hero.
In an unsourced tale published by Andrew Lang in his The Grey Fairy Book, The Twin Brothers, an old woman reveals that the infertility of a fisherman's wife can be cured by ingesting the flesh of a gold-fish, and after some should be given to her she-dogs and mares. Male twins are born, two foals and two puppies - each brother getting a hound and a horse. When the older twin leaves home, he arrives in a kingdom and tries to woo the princess Fairest in the Land, by performing her father's three tasks. Later, he arrives in another kingdom, where a giant has blocked the flow of waters and only releases it once a year when he is given a maiden to devour. A similar version was collected by scholar Giorgos A. Megas in his book Folktales of Greece. This tale was originally collected in German by Austrian consul Johann Georg von Hahn from Negades, with the title Die Zwillingsbrüder.
Some variants skip the birth implement altogether and begin with the twin (triplet) princes going their separates ways at the crossroads, after they gather their animal retinues.
Adaptations
The tale type was adapted into the story Los hermanos gemelos ("The Twin Brothers"), by Spanish writer Romualdo Nogués, with a moral at the end. A second adaptation was published in Spanish newspaper El Imparcial, in 1923, titled El pez y los tres rosales ("The Fish and the Three Rosebushes").
A Hungarian variant of the tale was adapted into an episode of the Hungarian television series Magyar népmesék ("Hungarian Folk Tales") (hu), with the title A kõvé vált királyfi ("The Prince who turned into Stone"). This version replaces the sacrifice of a maiden to a dragon for a fight against an invincible warrior of the enemy army.
British author Alan Garner adapted a British variant as The Golden Brothers: a poor fisherman catches a magical golden fish that grants him a castle, as long as he does not tell anyone. He eventually tells his wife of his success and the spell is broken. On orders of his wife, he catches the golden fish again. This time, the fish tells the man to cut it up in six pieces, then give two to his wife, two to his mare and bury the last two. Two golden twins are born to them, as well as two golden foals and two golden lillies. One boy rides forth and marries a girl from a village, and another stays at home, until he has to rescue his twin from a witch's petrification spell.
See also
The Two Brothers (Grimm fairy tale)
The Gold-Children (Grimm fairy tale)
The Merchant (fairy tale)
The Enchanted Doe
The Twins (Albanian tale)
The Three Dogs
The Sea-Maiden
The Seven-headed Serpent
Princess and dragon and other tales of dragon- or serpent-slaying by a hero (ATU Index type 300, "The Dragonslayer")
Dragonslayer (a heroic archetype in fiction, fantasy and mythology)
Minotaur
Aloadae (Greek pair of Giant twins)
References
Bibliography
Amores, Monstserrat. Catalogo de cuentos folcloricos reelaborados por escritores del siglo XIX. Madrid: CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTÍFICAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE ANTROPOLOGÍA DE ESPAÑA Y AMÉRICA. 1997. pp. 69-71.
Boggs, Ralph Steele. Index of Spanish folktales, classified according to Antti Aarne's "Types of the folktale". Chicago: University of Chicago. 1930. pp. 40-41.
Further reading
Brockington, Mary (1999). "The relationship of the Râmâyaòa to the Indic form of “The Two Brothers” and to the Stepmother redaction". In: The Epic: oral and written. Ed. by Lauri Honko, John Miles Foley and Jawaharlal Handoo. Central Institute of Indian Languages: Mysore, 1999. pp. 139–150. .
Marc, Claudine. Le Fils du Roi des Poissons. Etude comparative du conte AT 303 et de récits médiévaux. Université de Grenoble, janvier 2000. Doctoral thesis (unpublished).
Ranke, Kurt. Die zwei Brüder: Eine Studie zur vergleichenden Märchenforschung. Helsinki: 1934 (Folklore Fellows Communications, 114).
Rubow, Mette. "Un essai d'interprétation du conte-type AaTh 303: Le roi des poissons ou La bête à sept têtes". Fabula 25, 1-2 (1984): 18-34. doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/fabl.1984.25.1-2.18
Vendrell Ferri, Inmaculada. "Anàlisi i comparativa de les versions de la rondalla «La mare dels peixos» d’Enric Valor". In: Ítaca. Revista de Filologia. 2020, 11: 275-296. https://doi.org/10.14198/ITACA2020.11.11
External links
The Knights of the Fish
Reconstruction of the original form of ATU type 303, "The Blood Brothers" by D. L. Ashliman, based on various sources
Knights of the Fish
Knights of the Fish
Knights of the Fish
Knights of the Fish
ATU 300-399 |
20477065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artur%20Gework%C3%BDan | Artur Geworkýan | Artur Aleksandrowiç Gevorkýan (born 22 November 1984) is a professional Turkmen footballer who currently plays for FC Ahal and the Turkmenistan national football team.
Career
Of Armenian origin, Gevorkyan currently plays for Nasaf Qarshi since 2011. Before joining Nasaf he played for Pakhtakor Tashkent. In 2011 Gevorkyan won 2011 AFC Cup with Nasaf, scoring 4 goals in tournament and 11 goals in League matches.
In 2013 season Gevorkyan scored 18 goals, only one goal less than best scorer Oleksandr Pyschur. He was named on 2014 Uzbekistan Football award ceremony the UzPFL Player of the Year. He was named four times UzPFL Player of the Month in 2013 season. Gevorkyan became in 2014 best League goalscorer, scoring again 18 goals in League matches. In 2015, he won with Nasaf his first Uzbek Cup, scoring in final match against Bunyodkor on 17 October 2015 first goal of Nasaf. On 17 February 2016 in Uzbekistan Super Cup match against the current champion Pakhtakor Gevorkyan scored on 40-minute the only goal of the match, securing victory of his club. He made significant contribution to the club's Cup victories in 2015.
On 4 March 2016 he was announced by Uzbekistan Football Federation for the 2nd time Uzbek League Player of Year in 2015 according to the survey results among sport journalists.
In March 2019 as a free agent, he moved to the Turkmen FC Ahal, in the Ýokary Liga.
In April 2019 on the rights of a free agent, signed a one-year contract with the football club Persib Bandung from Indonesia. In August 2019, Persib Bandung and Artur Gevorkyan decided to terminate the contract by mutual desire.
International career
He played for Turkmenistan futsal team at 2006 AFC Futsal Championship.
He made his debut for Turkmenistan on 11 October 2007 in the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Cambodia. In his 2nd match for national team on 28 October 2007, 2nd leg match against Cambodia in Ashgabat ended with 4–1 score, Gevorkyan scored two goals.
Career statistics
Club
International
Statistics accurate as of match played 9 November 2016
International goals
Honours
Club
Nasaf Qarshi
Uzbek Cup (1) 2015
Uzbekistan Super Cup (1) 2015
Uzbek League runner-up: 2011
Uzbek Cup runner-up (3): 2011, 2012, 2013
AFC Cup (1): 2011
Lokomotiv
Uzbek League (1) 2016
Uzbek Cup (1) 2016
Individual
UzPFL Player of the Month (5): March 2013, June 2013, August 2013, October 2013, September 2014
Uzbek League Player of Year: 2013, 2015
Uzbek League Foreign Footballer of the Year (2): 2013, 2014
Uzbek League Top Scorer: 2014 (18 goals)
AFC Cup MVP (1): 2011
References
External links
Turkmenistan footballers
Turkmenistan international footballers
Turkmenistan people of Armenian descent
Ethnic Armenian sportspeople
Living people
1984 births
Sportspeople from Ashgabat
FC Kyzylzhar players
FC Aşgabat players
Pakhtakor Tashkent FK players
FC Nasaf players
FC Ahal players
Persib Bandung players
Liga 1 (Indonesia) players
Association football forwards
Turkmenistan expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Kazakhstan
Expatriate footballers in Uzbekistan
Expatriate footballers in Indonesia
Turkmenistan expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan
Turkmenistan expatriate sportspeople in Uzbekistan
Turkmenistan expatriate sportspeople in Indonesia
Men's futsal players
AFC Cup winning players |
26721949 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%20Wyndham%20Davies | June Wyndham Davies | June Wyndham Davies (born 27 June 1929) is a British television producer and director. For her work as Co-Producer (with Pippa Cross) of the film August starring, and directed by Sir Anthony Hopkins, she won the BAFTA Wales award for Best Drama in 1997. She is also a writer, having written several short stories and plays, including ‘Green Shutters’.
Life
June Wyndham Davies was born in Cardiff in 1929 to Mervyn and Despina Wyndham Davies of Llandaff. Her father served as an officer in WW2, and her mother, eldest daughter of the engineer and inventor James Wyndham, had been a ballet dancer. She attended Elm Tree House convent before moving to London to train at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.
Wyndham Davies entered the industry as a BBC Director in 1965, when most television drama was transmitted live from the studio. She directed 30 Minute Theatre, Sunday Afternoon Theatre, and Out of Town Theatre, as well as single plays such as The House Mouse, Why Me? The Heart Grows Cold and The Lariat. She also devised, wrote, and directed the 6-part documentary series Why Would You Believe It? based on the idea of truth often being stranger than fiction.
Going freelance in 1969, Wyndham Davies continued her career with BBC, Anglia, Granada, and Yorkshire Television, directing Boy Meets Girl, Love Story, The Dolly Spike, The Folly, and Don’t Shoot the Cook. She moved into directing episodes for long-running television series and serials, such as Coronation Street, Castle Haven, Kate, Crown Court, and children’s television adaptations of classics, such as Pollyanna (starring Elaine Stritch) and Johanna Spyri’s Heidi (featuring Dame Flora Robson and Kathleen Byron), which received an EMMY nomination in the United States for best television serial in 1975.
From 1976 onwards, Wyndham Davies worked almost exclusively for Granada Television, producing dark and thought-provoking dramas, often dealing with the supernatural as with the series Shades of Darkness, as well as Victorian crime themes, such as the ground-breaking Sergeant Cribb series with Alan Dobie in the title role.
With a knack for spotting talent, Wyndham Davies gave the young Michael Caine his first chance in theatre, along with early opportunities for Rhys Ifans and Hugh Grant. Her inspired casting ideas whilst working for the Drama department at Granada included the suggestion of the late Jeremy Brett for the part of Sherlock Holmes in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. To this day, Brett is still widely considered to have given the definitive portrayal of Conan Doyle’s detective. Wyndham Davies went on to produce the second series: The Return of Sherlock Holmes, as well as The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes in 1994, and several feature-length television films including: Sherlock Holmes – The Sign of Four, also starring Jenny Seagrove.
Awards
BAFTA Cymru - Best Drama:‘August’ 1997
Chicago International Film Festival – Silver Plaque: ‘The Lady’s Maid’s Bell’ (Shades of Darkness) 1985
Selected filmography
Producer
Send in the Girls
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
Cribb
Director
Crown Court
Heidi
Pollyanna
Actress
1963-1964 - Compact (TV Series) -Radiographer / Mrs. Stenton
1964 - On, Comet! On, Cupid! On, Donner and Blitzen! - Mrs.Stenton
1963 - Shock Tactics - Radiographer
1963 - On the Edge - Radiographer
1964 - Curtain of Fear (TV Series) Secretary
1964 - The Linton Compact - Secretary
1958 - Saturday Playhouse (TV Series) - Secretary to Mrs. Wentross
1958 – Trespass - Secretary to Mrs. Wentross
Director
1986 - Shades of Darkness (TV Series) (1 episode)
Agatha Christie's The Last Seance
1980-1981 - Cribb (TV Series) (3 episodes)
Mad Hatter's Holiday (1981)
Swing, Swing Together (1980)
Waxwork (1980)
1981 - Christmas Spirits (TV Movie)
1979 - Screenplay (TV Series)
1973-1977 - Crown Court (TV Series) (7 episodes)
One for the Road: Part 1 (1977)
The Personator: Part 1 (1975)
A Case of Murder: Part 1 (1974)
Traffic Warden's Daughter: Part 1 (1974)
A Message to Ireland: Part 3 (1973)
1975-1976 - Coronation Street (TV Series)
Episode #1.1655 (1976)
Episode #1.1481 (1975)
1974 - Heidi (TV Mini-Series) (6 episodes)
1973 - Pollyanna (TV Mini-Series) (6 episodes)
1970-1972 - Kate (TV Series)
Back to Square One (1972)
A Nice Rest (1972)
Accidents Will Happen (1972)
The Woman Behind the Man (1972)
I Belong to Somebody (1972)
1969 - Who-Dun-It (TV Series) (1 episode)
Don't Shoot the Cook
1967 - Boy Meets Girl (TV Series) (1 episode)
Love with a Few Hairs
Producer
1998 -The Cater Street Hangman (TV Movie)
1996 - August (Film)
1994 -The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes (TV Mini-Series) (6 episodes)
The Cardboard Box (1994)
The Mazarin Stone (1994)
The Red Circle (1994)
The Golden Pince-Nez (1994)
The Dying Detective (1994)
•The Three Gables (1994)
1992-1993 - The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes (TV Mini-Series) (producer - 3 episodes)
The Eligible Bachelor (1993)
The Last Vampyre (1993)
The Master Blackmailer (1992)
1990 - Made in Heaven (TV Series) (producer - 4 episodes)
A Fair Mix Up
The Big Match
Falling for Love
Best of Enemies
1989 - The Heat of the Day (TV Movie)
1988 - The Hound of the Baskervilles (TV Movie)
1986-1988 - The Return of Sherlock Holmes (TV Mini-Series)
The Bruce Partington Plans (1988)
Wisteria Lodge (1988)
Silver Blaze (1988)
The Devil's Foot (1988)
The Six Napoleons (1986)
1987 - The Sign of Four (TV Movie)
1987 - The Death of the Heart (TV Movie)
1983-1986 - Shades of Darkness (TV Series) (producer - 9 episodes)
Agatha Christie's The Last Seance (1986) (Starring Jeanne Moreau)
The Demon Lover (1986)
Bewitched (1983)
Seaton's Aunt (1983)
The Maze (1983)
1981 - The Member for Chelsea (TV Series)
Episode #1.3
Episode #1.2
Episode #1.1
1980-1981 - Cribb (TV Series) (producer - 14 episodes)
Invitation to a Dynamite Party
Murder Old Boy? (1981)
The Choir That Wouldn't Sing (1981)
The Hand That Rocks the Cradle (1981)
The Last Trumpet (1981)
1981 - Christmas Spirits (TV Movie)
1978 - Send in the Girls (TV Series) (producer - 7 episodes)
Goosepimples (1978)
Chickabiddy (1978)
Beware the Gentle People (1978)
Away All Boats (1978)
A Hardy Breed of Girl (1978)
1966 - Out of Town Theatre (TV Mini-Series) (producer - 1 episode)
Why Me? (1966)
References and links
Interview with June Wyndham-Davies
British television producers
British television directors
Living people
British actresses
1929 births
British women television producers
British women television directors |
6906589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20municipalities%20of%20the%20Province%20of%20Vibo%20Valentia | List of municipalities of the Province of Vibo Valentia | The following is a list of the 50 municipalities (comuni) of the Province of Vibo Valentia, Calabria, Italy.
List
See also
List of municipalities of Italy
References
Vibo Valentia |
26721963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dies%20sanguinis | Dies sanguinis | Dies Sanguinis (Day of Blood), also called Sanguinaria, was a festival held in Ancient Rome on the spring equinox. Due to discrepancies in different calendar systems, this may be reflected as anytime between March 21 and 25. Festivities for the god Attis were celebrated from 15 to 28 March.
Order of festivities
Following two days of mourning for the annual death of the god Attis, the Day of Blood arrived. On this day the galli, priests of the goddess Cybele, carried out a ritual of self-flagellation, whipping themselves until they bled. Some are also said to have castrated themselves. The Day of Blood was followed by a Day of Joy and Relaxation (Hilaria and Requietio) to celebrate Attis' resurrection. This was followed by a rest day, and then a day of revelry during which an image of Cybele was bathed in the Little Almo River (Lavatio).
Rituals
On the Day of Blood, the priests of Bellona (the Bellonarii) mutilated their own arms and legs with sharp knives and drank their own blood or offered it to Bellona, asking her to unleash her war fury. Because of this, the day was also known as Bellona's Day.
They also used a deadly nightshade plant known as the Bellonaria. The name is a corruption of belladonna. When a priest ate its seeds, they would start to hallucinate. Those hallucinations were used by them to make prophetic and oracular statements in the name of their goddess.
References
Ancient Roman culture |
20477074 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Noble%20%28academic%29 | Peter Noble (academic) | Sir Peter Scott Noble (17 October 1899 – 12 May 1987) was a British academic who was principal of King's College London from 1952 to 1968 and later vice-chancellor of the University of London from 1961 to 1964.
Education
Noble was educated at Fraserburgh Academy, Scotland, followed by University of Aberdeen and then St John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated with a double first in classics and Oriental language. He was made a fellow of St John's College, Cambridge.
Career
Noble was a lecturer in Latin at Liverpool University from 1926 to 1930. He then became professor of Latin language and literature at the University of Leeds from 1930 to 1938 and then Regius Professor of Humanity at the University of Aberdeen from 1938 to 1952. He served as principal of King's College London from 1952 to 1968. He was joint editor of Kharosthi Inscriptions.
Personal life
In 1928 he married Mary Stephen (died 1983) and they had two sons and one daughter. He was knighted on 1 January 1967.
See also
List of Vice-Chancellors of the University of London
References
1899 births
1987 deaths
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge
Alumni of the University of Aberdeen
Academics of the University of Leeds
Academics of the University of Aberdeen
Academics of the University of Liverpool
Principals of King's College London
People educated at Fraserburgh Academy |
23577557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rous%20River | Rous River | Rous River, a perennial river of the Tweed River catchment, is located in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Rous River rises below Mount Hobwee on the southern slopes of the McPherson Range, near Numinbah on the New South Wales-Queensland border, and flows generally east by south, and then east, joined by four minor tributaries, before reaching its confluence with the Tweed River at Tumbulgum, northeast of Murwillumbah. The river descends over its course.
In its upper reaches, Rous River is fed by a minor tributary, Hopkins Creek, on the southern slopes of the McPherson Range, south of Mount Merino; and downriver of Numinbah near the small villages of Chillingham, Jacksons Creek enters the river. In its lower reaches, Rous River is fed by two minor tributaries, Nobbys Creek and Crystal Creek that emerge from the Numinbah Nature Reserve, south of Springbrook.
Adjustments to the natural flow of the river
In January 2006, partially treated sewerage entered the river from emergency tanks and ponds after storage at the Murwillumbah treatment plant, which had been off-line due to damage, was filled beyond capacity. Biological testing indicated the river water was hazardous which led to a temporary swimming ban.
In 2007, the federal government proposed damming the Rous River, Oxley River and Byrrill Creek. Local opposition to the plan was formed via the Save the Caldera Rivers Campaign, in an effort to stop the proposed dams from being built.
See also
List of rivers of Australia
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Northern Rivers
Tweed Shire |
6906611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilgamesh%20%28disambiguation%29 | Gilgamesh (disambiguation) | Gilgamesh was a legendary king of Uruk.
Gilgamesh may also refer to:
Epic of Gilgamesh, a poem about a legendary king of Uruk
Fictional characters
Gilgamesh, the protagonist of the Babylonian Castle Saga video game franchise
Gilgamesh (Final Fantasy), a character in the Final Fantasy video game series
Gilgamesh (Fate/stay night), a character in the Fate franchise
Gilgamesh (Marvel Comics) or Forgotten One, an Eternal in the Marvel Comics universe
Literature
Gilgamesh (novel), a 2001 novel by Joan London
Gilgamesh (manga) a manga and anime by Shotaro Ishinomori
Gilgamesh the King, 1984 historical novel by Robert Silverberg
Music
Gilgamesh (band), a jazz fusion band in the 1970s
Gilgamesh (Martinů) or The Epic of Gilgamesh, a 1955 choral work by Bohuslav Martinů
Operas
Gilgamesh (Kodallı opera) (1962–1964)
Gilgamesh (Saygun opera) (1964–1970)
Gilgamesh (Nørgård opera) (1971–72)
Gilgamesh (Brucci opera) (1986)
Gilgamesh, a 1992 opera by Franco Battiato
Albums
Gilgamesh (Acrassicauda album) (2015)
Gilgamesh (Gilgamesh album) (1975)
Gilgamesh, a 2010 album by Gypsy & The Cat
Other uses
Gilgamesh (restaurant), a restaurant in London
Gilgamesh, a crater on Ganymede
1812 Gilgamesh, an small asteroid
See also
Epic of Gilgamesh (disambiguation)
Gilgamesh flood myth
Gilgamesh in the arts and popular culture
Gilgamesh II, a miniseries published by DC Comics
Gilgamesh Night, a softcore porn Japanese variety TV show broadcast from 1991 to 1998
Gilgamesh Wulfenbach, a character in Girl Genius
Girugamesh, a Japanese rock/metal band |
23577559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowleys%20River | Rowleys River | Rowleys River, a perennial river of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Northern Tablelands and Mid North Coast districts of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Rowleys River rises on the eastern slopes of the Great Dividing Range, southeast of Yarrowitch, and flows generally south southeast, joined by two tributaries including the Cells River, before reaching its confluence with the Nowendoc River, southeast of Nowendoc. The river descends over its course.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers of New South Wales (L–Z)
List of rivers of Australia
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Northern Tablelands
Mid North Coast
Port Macquarie-Hastings Council
Walcha Shire |
6906613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsagkarada | Tsagkarada | Tsagkarada () is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Mouresi in the eastern part of Magnesia, Greece. It was the seat of the former municipality Mouresi. It is situated at 408 m elevation, on the eastern slope of the forested Pelion mountains. Its population in 2011 was 525 for the village and 543 for the community which includes the village Mylopotamos. Tsagkarada is located 1.5 km southeast of Mouresi, 3 km north of Xorychti, 9 km southeast of Zagora and about 20 km east of the city of Volos (Magnesia's capital). At the main square, near Agia Paraskevi church, there is a big platanus. Perhaps the older of Greece. It is said it has at least one thousand years. It has a perimeter of nearly 20 meters.
Population
See also
List of settlements in the Magnesia regional unit
References
External links
Populated places in Pelion |
17337922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amara%20amplipennis | Amara amplipennis | Amara amplipennis is a species of beetle of the genus Amara in the family Carabidae found in Asia.
References
amplipennis
Beetles of Asia
Beetles described in 1943 |
17337926 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amara%20angustata | Amara angustata | Amara angustata is a species of beetle of the genus Amara in the family Carabidae.
References
angustata
Beetles described in 1823 |
17337937 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positivity | Positivity | Positivity may refer to:
The degree to which something is positive
Positive charge, a type of electric charge
Positivity/negativity ratio
Positivity effect
Positivity offset
Music
"Positivity", a song by Prince on his Lovesexy album
"Positivity", a song by Stevie Wonder and his daughter Aisha Morris on his A Time to Love album
"Positivity", a song by Ashley Tisdale on Headstrong (Ashley Tisdale album)
"Positivity" (Suede song), a song by Suede
See also
Positivism
Positivism (disambiguation) |
26721968 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek%20Eaton | Derek Eaton | Derek Lionel Eaton (born 10 September 1941) is a retired New Zealand Anglican bishop. He was the 9th Anglican Bishop of Nelson, from 1990 to 2006.
He was educated at Christchurch Boys' High School and Auckland College of Education after which he worked as a teacher until studying for the Priesthood. He was ordained in 1971 and after a curacy at St Luke's, Bristol he was Vicar of Tunis. Later he was Provost of All Saint's Cathedral, Cairo and held incumbencies at Bishopdale and (his last appointment before ordination to the episcopate) Redcliffs. He is married to Alice Eaton. He was consecrated a bishop on 24 June 1990.
After 16 years as Bishop of Nelson, Eaton returned to Africa to become assistant bishop of the Anglican Diocese of Egypt. Since returning to New Zealand from Africa in January 2009, Eaton and his wife have been chaplains to Bishopdale Theological College.
In the 1985 New Year Honours, Eaton was awarded the Queen's Service Medal for community service.
References
1941 births
Living people
People from Christchurch
People educated at Christchurch Boys' High School
Anglican provosts of the Diocese of Egypt
Anglican bishops of Nelson
Recipients of the Queen's Service Medal
20th-century Anglican bishops in New Zealand
21st-century Anglican bishops in New Zealand |
44506145 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Jupiter%20trojans%20%28Trojan%20camp%29%20%28200001%E2%80%93300000%29 | List of Jupiter trojans (Trojan camp) (200001–300000) | This is a partial list of Jupiter's trojans (60° behind Jupiter) with numbers 200001–300000 .
200001–300000
This list contains 269 objects sorted in numerical order.
top
References
Trojan_2
Jupiter Trojans (Trojan Camp)
Lists of Jupiter trojans |
56564874 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deon%20Jones | Deon Jones | Deon Jones (born January 4, 1993) is an American professional basketball player who last played for Fukushima Firebonds in Japan.
As a senior at Monmouth, Jones averaged 10.4 points and 6.3 rebounds per game.
References
External links
Monmouth Hawks bio
1993 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Japan
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Pennsylvania
Earth Friends Tokyo Z players
Fukushima Firebonds players
Monmouth Hawks men's basketball players
Towson Tigers men's basketball players
Shooting guards
Sportspeople from Chester, Pennsylvania |
20477125 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planctus%20de%20obitu%20Karoli | Planctus de obitu Karoli | The Planctus (de obitu) Karoli ("Lament [on the Death] of Charlemagne"), also known by its incipit A solis ortu (usque ad occidua) ("From the rising of the sun [to the setting]"), is an anonymous medieval Latin planctus eulogising Charlemagne, written in accented verse by a monk of Bobbio shortly after his subject's death in 814. It is generally considered the earliest surviving planctus, though its melody is written in tenth-century neumes, one of the earliest surviving examples of this sort of musical notation. The poem has been translated into English by Peter Godman.
The authorship of the Planctus has been a matter of some dispute. Its author has been identified with Columbanus of Saint Trond, who, it is claimed, also wrote the Ad Fidolium, a set of quantitative adonics. The Planctus appeared in a seventeenth-century manuscript compilation of the poems of Hrabanus Maurus under the subscription "Hymnus Columbani ad Andream episcopum de obitu Caroli", which inspired L. A. Muratori to make the identification, but this late ascription to a Columbanus is probably deduced from the poem's own seventeenth stanza. As argued by Heinz Löwe, that stanza in fact makes it very difficult to argue that the poet, who consistently uses the first person, was the Columbanus he refers to.
The poem is composed of twenty three-line romance strophes each with a distich of two dodecasyllables and the parenthetical heptasyllabic refrain Heu mihi misero!, which does not mark a division in thought but is inserted regularly in an otherwise continuous syntax. Each dodecasyllable ends in a paroxytone (mot métrique). The existence of quilisma in the musical notation indicates the influence of plainchant.
The first line (A solis ortu...) is drawn from a fifth-century hymn of Caelius Sedulius. As the Sedulian hymn was sung at Christmastime, the sorrowful Planctus presents a contrast with the joy typically associated with its opening. The poet expands upon his personal grief at the death of his emperor—and benefactor of Bobbio—by asking all the regions of Earth to mourn with him, and using the tears of Saint Columbanus, founder of Bobbio, as a symbol of the monastery's grief. The rhythm of the verse, presence of musical notation, and orientation towards contemporary events suggest popular recitation or performance. The poem, though associated with the Carolingian Renaissance in Latin letters, is not a commentary on the "disintegration" (or décomposition) of the Carolingian Empire after the death of Charlemagne.
Select stanzas
The following text is taken from Peter Godman (1985), Latin Poetry of the Carolingian Renaissance (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press), 206–211.
The latest critical and only textual and musical edition can be found in Corpus Rhythmorum Musicum (saec. IV–IX), I, "Songs in non-liturgical sources [Canti di tradizione non liturgica]", 1 "Lyrics [Canzoni]" (Florence: SISMEL, 2007), edited by Francesco Stella (text) and Sam Barrett (music), with reproduction of the manuscript sources and recording of the audio executions of the modern musical transcriptions, now partially consultable here.
References
Medieval Latin poetry
Carolingian Latin literature
Charlemagne
9th-century poems
Medieval compositions |
26721998 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%20in%20men%27s%20road%20cycling | 2004 in men's road cycling | 2004 in men's road cycling is about the 2004 men's bicycle races governed by the UCI.
World championships
The World Road championships were held in Verona, Italy.
Grand Tours
UCI Coupe du Monde
2.HC Category Races
The prefix 2 indicates that these events are stage races.
1.HC Category Races
The prefix 1 indicates that these events are one-day races.
2.1 Category Races
The prefix 2 indicates that these events are stage races.
1.1 Category Races
The prefix 1 indicates that these events are one-day races.
National Championships
See also
2004 in women's road cycling
2004 |
17337945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amara%20anthobia | Amara anthobia | Amara anthobia is a species of black coloured beetles from the genus Amara in the family Carabidae.
References
anthobia
Beetles described in 1833 |
6906616 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KFOX%20%28AM%29 | KFOX (AM) | KFOX (1650 kHz) is a Korean language AM radio station, licensed to Torrance, California and serving the Los Angeles metropolitan area. It shares a transmitter site with KWKW.
KFOX is one of three radio stations in the greater Los Angeles area broadcasting entirely in Korean, in addition to KMPC and KYPA.
History
KFOX began as the "expanded band" twin to a station on the standard AM band. On March 17, 1997, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) announced that eighty-eight stations had been given permission to move to newly available "Expanded Band" transmitting frequencies, ranging from 1610 to 1700 kHz, with KNOB in Costa Mesa authorized to move from 540 kHz to 1650 kHz.
The FCC's initial policy was that both the original station and its expanded band counterpart could operate simultaneously for up to five years, after which owners would have to turn in one of the two licenses, depending on whether they preferred the new assignment or elected to remain on the original frequency. It was decided to eliminate the standard band station, and on August 15, 2000, the license for the original station on 540 kHz, now KKGO, was cancelled.
The new station on 1650 kHz was assigned the call letters KGXL on March 12, 1998, which was changed to KKTR on June 1, 1998, then back to KGXL on March 15, 1999. The station simulcast adult standards station KGIL, AM 1260 in Beverly Hills.
After several years, KGXL became "K-Traffic," providing constant news updates, and eight traffic updates each hour. On July 26, 2000, the call sign was changed to KFOX, a call sign previously used by two area stations dating back to 1928: 1280 AM (now KFRN) and 93.5 FM (now KDAY).
In 2001, KFOX switched from broadcasting in English to Korean, and adopted the slogan "Radio Seoul".
References
External links
Radio stations established in 1998
Korean-American culture in California
KFOX
FOX (AM)
Mass media in Torrance, California
FOX
1998 establishments in California |
6906645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mylopotamos | Mylopotamos | Mylopotamos () may refer to several places in Greece:
Mylopotamos, Crete, a municipality in the Rethymno regional unit in the island of Crete
Mylopotamos, Cyclades, a village on the island of Kea, Cyclades
Mylopotamos, Drama, a village in the Drama regional unit, part of the Drama municipality
Mylopotamos, Kythira, a village in the island of Kythira
Mylopotamos, Magnesia, a village in Magnesia, part of the Mouresi municipality
Mylopotamos, Mount Athos, a settlement in Mount Athos
Neos Mylotopos (), a village in the Pella regional unit
Palaios Mylotopos (), a village in the Pella regional unit |
20477160 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinator%20for%20Counterterrorism | Coordinator for Counterterrorism | The Coordinator for Counterterrorism heads the Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism, which coordinates U.S. government efforts to fight terrorism. As the head of the counterterrorism bureau, the coordinator for counterterrorism has the rank of both ambassador-at-large and assistant secretary.
The current acting coordinator is Timothy Alan Betts.
List of coordinators
The role of Coordinator for Combating Terrorism has often rotated throughout a presidential administration, only presidents Gerald Ford and Donald Trump have maintained a single coordinator throughout their term of office.
References
Counterterrorism in the United States
United States Department of State |
17337948 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amara%20apachensis | Amara apachensis | Amara apachensis is a species of beetle of the genus Amara in the family Carabidae.
References
apachensis
Beetles described in 1884
Taxa named by Thomas Lincoln Casey Jr. |
17337950 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amara%20apricaria | Amara apricaria | Amara apricaria is a species of beetle of the genus Amara in the family Carabidae. It is native to Europe.
References
apricaria
Beetles described in 1790 |
23577561 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus%20River | Rufus River | Rufus River, a watercourse of the Murray catchment and part of the Murray–Darling basin, is located in south western New South Wales, Australia.
The river leaves Lake Victoria, flowing generally west and then south-west, before reaching its confluence with the Murray River, at Lock 7, near Rufus.
Rufus River was visited by European explorer, Charles Sturt, in 1830, and named after his red-haired (or rufus) travelling companion, George Macleay.
A number of conflicts between European and Aboriginal people in 1841 led to the Rufus River massacre.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers of Australia
References
External links
Map of Rufus River – Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia
Rivers of New South Wales
Murray-Darling basin
Rivers in the Riverina |
56564929 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhinav%20Tandel | Abhinav Tandel | Abhinav Tandel (born 23 September 1998) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut for Gujarat in the 2017–18 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 12 February 2018.
References
External links
1998 births
Living people
Indian cricketers
Place of birth missing (living people)
Gujarat cricketers |
20477163 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Amazonia | New Amazonia | New Amazonia: A Foretaste of the Future is a feminist utopian novel, written by Elizabeth Burgoyne Corbett and first published in 1889. It was one element in the wave of utopian and dystopian literature that marked the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Context
Corbett wrote the novel in response to Mrs Humphry Ward's "An Appeal Against Female Suffrage", an open letter published in The Nineteenth Century and signed by over a hundred other women against the extension of Parliamentary suffrage to women.
Plot
In her novel, Corbett envisions a successful suffragette movement eventually giving rise to a breed of highly evolved "Amazonians" who turn Ireland into a utopian society. The book's female narrator wakes up in the year 2472, much like Julian West awakens in the year 2000 in Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward (1888). Corbett's heroine, however, is accompanied by a man of her own time, who has similarly awakened from a hashish dream to find himself in New Amazonia.
The Victorian woman and man are given an account of intervening history by one of the Amazonians. In the early twentieth century, war between Britain and Ireland decimated the Irish population; the British repopulated the island with their own surplus women. (After the war, which also involved France on the side of Ireland, British women outnumbered men by three to one.) Women came to dominate all aspects of society on the island.
The history lesson is followed by a tour of the new society, which embodies a version of state socialism. Men are allowed to live on the island, but cannot hold political office: "masculine government has always held openings for the free admission of corruption, injustice, immorality, and narrow-minded, self-glorifying bigotry." The Amazonians are vegetarians; they employ euthanasia, eliminating malformed children — and bastards. They maintain their superiority by practicing "nerve-rejuvenation," in which the life energy of dogs is transferred to humans. The result is that the Amazonians grow to be seven feet tall, and live for hundreds of years but look no older than forty. The narrator tries the procedure herself: "The sensation I experienced was little more than a pin-prick in intensity, but...I felt ten years younger and stronger, and was proportionately elated at my good fortune." (The procedure, though, is fatal to the dogs.)
The narrator reacts very positively to what she sees and learns; but her male companion reacts precisely oppositely and adjusts badly — to the point where the Amazonians judge him to be insane. The narrator nonetheless tries to protect her male counterpart, and in the process is accidentally transported back to the grimmer realities of Victorian England.
Matriarchy resistance
W. H. Hudson's second novel, A Crystal Age (1887), published two years earlier than Corbett's book, also contains the plot element of a nineteenth-century man who cannot adapt to a matriarchal society of the future.
The author
Little is known about Newcastle journalist Elizabeth Corbett, who published as "Mrs. George Corbett." Some of her fifteen novels — mysteries, adventure stories, and mainstream fiction — have clear feminist themes and elements, despite the traditional values of the age in which she lived and worked.
See also
Arqtiq
The Diothas
Mizora
The Republic of the Future
Sultana's Dream
2894
Herland (novel)
References
1889 British novels
1889 science fiction novels
Utopian novels
Feminist science fiction novels
Novels set in Ireland
Novels set in the 25th century |
17337951 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Crocodile%20%281867%29 | HMS Crocodile (1867) | HMS Crocodile was a Euphrates-class troopship launched into the Thames from the Blackwall Yard of Money Wigram & Sons on 7 January 1867. She was the fourth and last vessel of the Royal Navy to carry the name.
Design
Crocodile was one of five iron-hulled vessels of the Euphrates class. All five were built to a design of 360 ft overall length by about 49 ft breadth, although Malabar was very slightly smaller than the rest of the class. They had a single screw, a speed of 14 knots, one funnel, a barque-rig sail plan, three 4-pounder guns, and a white painted hull. Her bow was a "ram bow" which projected forward below the waterline.
Identification
The "Euphrates" Class troopships could each be identified by a different coloured hull band. The Crocodile's hull band was yellow. The blue hull band of her sister Euphrates became the standard for all HM Troopships.
Career
Crocodile was built for the transport of troops between the United Kingdom and the Indian sub-continent, and was operated by the Royal Navy. She carried up to 1,200 troops and family on a passage of approximately 70 days. On 27 November 1867, she collided with the Canadian merchant ship John Dwyer in the English Channel off Start Point, Devon. John Dwyer sank with the loss of four of her crew. Crocodile rescued the survivors. She was commissioned in April 1870 under Captain G H Parkin.
Crocodile was re-engined rather later in life than her sisters, with her single-expansion steam engine replaced with a more efficient compound-expansion type.
In December 1888, Crocodile towed the Dutch steamship Sourabaja in to Malta, the steamship having suffered an engine failure off Cape Trafalgar, Spain. Crocodiles last voyage began at Bombay in October 1893. On 3 November, as she was approaching Aden, the high-pressure steam cylinder exploded and the ship came to a halt. The next day she was towed to an anchorage near Aden. Most of the soldiers and their families were brought home on other ships. Crocodile eventually arrived back at Portsmouth on 30 December 1893, having travelled using only the low-pressure steam cylinder, and was not further employed for trooping.
Fate
Crocodile was sold for breaking on 11 May 1894.
Commanding officers
Notes
References
External links
Emigration of Dockyard Workmen on the Crocodile, 1870 (image)
Passenger List, June 1870 (Portsmouth)
Euphrates-class troopships
Troop ships of the Royal Navy
Ships built by the Blackwall Yard
Victorian-era naval ships of the United Kingdom
1867 ships |
6906647 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watson%20Brown%20%28American%20football%29 | Watson Brown (American football) | Lester Watson Brown (born April 19, 1950) is a retired American football coach and former player. He was most recently the head football coach at Tennessee Technological University, a position he held from 2007 to 2015. Previously, Brown served as the head coach at Austin Peay State University (1979–1980), the University of Cincinnati (1983), Rice University (1984–1985), Vanderbilt University (1986–1990), and the University of Alabama at Birmingham (1995–2006). He was also the athletic director at Rice from 1984 to 1985 and at UAB from 2002 to 2005. Brown played college football as a quarterback at Vanderbilt. He is the older brother of Mack Brown, the head football coach at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Early years and playing career
A native of Cookeville, Tennessee, Brown was one of the top-rated quarterbacks in the nation coming out of high school. He was also recruited to play basketball and was drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates baseball team as a shortstop. He chose to stay in state and played as a quarterback at Vanderbilt University from 1969 to 1972. He started all four years at Vandy and led the Commodores to their best seasons in terms of wins since 1960. One of his victories was a 14–10 upset over the #13 Alabama Crimson Tide in 1969. It was Vanderbilt's first victory over Alabama in 13 seasons.
Coaching career
After graduating from Vanderbilt, Brown spent the 1973 season as a graduate assistant at his alma mater. From there, he went to East Carolina University, where he spent two seasons as an assistant to Pat Dye, coaching quarterbacks and wide receivers. In 1976 and 1977, he served as the offensive coordinator at Jacksonville State University. The Gamecocks played for the NCAA Division II Football Championship in 1977.
Brown spent the 1978 season as an assistant at Texas Tech University under Rex Dockery before landing his first head coaching position a year later. At age 29, he began a two-year stint as the head coach at Austin Peay State University. The Governors had a record of 14–8 under Brown.
In 1981, Brown returned to Vanderbilt to become the school's offensive coordinator. In the 1982 season, Vanderbilt finished 8-4 and appeared in the Hall of Fame Bowl in Birmingham that year. Following the 1982 season, he took his first major college head coaching job, taking over the program at the University of Cincinnati. In one season with the Bearcats, he had a record of 4–6–1.
In 1984, Brown was named head football coach and athletic director at Rice University. In two seasons with the Owls, he compiled a record of 4–18. From there he returned to his alma mater to take over as head coach of the Vanderbilt University football program. Brown's five-year stint with the Commodores from 1986 to 1990 produced a record of 10–45.
After leaving Vanderbilt, Brown spent the 1991 and 1992 seasons as the offensive coordinator at Mississippi State University under Jackie Sherrill, then the 1993 and 1994 seasons with the same responsibilities at the University of Oklahoma under Gary Gibbs.
In 1995, Brown was hired by the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) to lead the fledgling program as it prepared to move from NCAA Division I-AA to Division I-A. In 12 seasons as the head coach of the Blazers he compiled a record of 62–74 and led the team to its first bowl game appearance, in the 2004 Hawaii Bowl. Brown resigned from UAB to take over the head coaching responsibilities at Tennessee Technological University on December 9, 2006.
Brown is the first coach in NCAA football history to lose 200 games. With Tennessee Tech's 50–7 loss to Northern Iowa on September 27, 2014, Brown eclipsed Amos Alonzo Stagg's mark of 199 losses.
On December 2, 2015, Brown announced his retirement as coach at Tennessee Tech.
As of September, 2019, Brown was the co-host of The George Plaster Show on Nashville radio station WNSR weekdays from 2-4 pm; however, in 2022 this program was moved to online streaming only.
Head coaching record
See also
List of college football coaches with 100 losses
References
External links
Tennessee Tech profile
1950 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Austin Peay Governors football coaches
Cincinnati Bearcats football coaches
East Carolina Pirates football coaches
Jacksonville State Gamecocks football coaches
Mississippi State Bulldogs football coaches
Oklahoma Sooners football coaches
Rice Owls athletic directors
Rice Owls football coaches
Tennessee Tech Golden Eagles football coaches
Texas Tech Red Raiders football coaches
UAB Blazers athletic directors
UAB Blazers football coaches
Vanderbilt Commodores football coaches
Vanderbilt Commodores football players
People from Cookeville, Tennessee
Players of American football from Tennessee |
17337952 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amara%20armeniaca | Amara armeniaca | Amara armeniaca is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in East Europe and further east in the Palearctic realm.
References
armeniaca
Beetles of Asia
Beetles of Europe
Beetles described in 1839
Taxa named by Victor Motschulsky |
23577563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001%E2%80%9302%20Libyan%20Premier%20League | 2001–02 Libyan Premier League | The 2001–02 Libyan Premier League was the 34th edition of the competition, since its inception in 1963. The league was made up of 16 teams, with the first round of matches being played on September 7, 2001, and the last round of matches being played on May 16, 2002.
Ittihad won the championship, on goal difference from Nasr, for their first league title since 1991 and their 9th overall.
Four teams were relegated this season, including two-time champions Mahalla, as the league was reduced from 16 teams to 14 teams. Sawa'ed managed to retain their top flight status by defeating Akhdar 7–3, while rivals Sweahly lost 1–5 to Ittihad, ensuring the Benghazi club stayed up on goal difference.
However, due to suspicions that the Sawa'ed – Akhdar game was thrown, the LFF decided to relegate Sawa'ed and keep Sweahly up.
League standings
Top scorers
Al-Saadi Gaddafi (Ittihad) - 19 goals
Abdulrazaaq Jlidi - 18 goals
Ali al Milyaan - 15 goals
References
Libya - List of final tables (RSSSF)
Libyan Premier League seasons
1
Libyan Premier League |
56564983 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanjeet%20Desai | Sanjeet Desai | Sanjeet Desai (born 12 December 1997) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut for Chhattisgarh in the 2017–18 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 12 February 2018. He made his first-class debut for Chhattisgarh in the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy on 1 November 2018. He made his Twenty20 debut on 5 November 2021, for Chhattisgarh in the 2021–22 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.
References
External links
1997 births
Living people
Indian cricketers
Chhattisgarh cricketers
Place of birth missing (living people) |
20477188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saba%20Anglana | Saba Anglana | Saba Anglana (born November 17, 1970) is a Somali-Italian actress and international singer.
Biography
Saba was born in Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia, during the country's socialist period. Her mother was the daughter of an exiled Somali living in neighboring Ethiopia. Her father was a former commander in the Italian military, who relocated to Somalia from Italy after the Second World War.
Due to Saba's father's senior martial background with the erstwhile colonial administration, he was regarded by Somalia's then military regime as a possible spy. The Anglanas were subsequently exiled to Italy, when she was still a child.
Saba was thereafter raised in Italy, where she later studied at the Sapienza University in Rome. Her Somali roots, however, remained an important focus. She studied the Somali language with her mother, particularly the regional dialect of Xamar Weyne, connecting with Somalia through music. Saba is a Muslim.
Career
Saba began her artistic career in the 1990s as an actress on Italian television. In a popular local TV series entitled La Squadra, she played a policewoman of dual Somali-Italian heritage.
In 2007, Saba released her first studio album entitled Jidka: The Line, in which she mixes the traditional sounds of her native Somalia with contemporary Italian flourishes.
See also
Elisa Kadigia Bove
Jonis Bashir
References
External links
The official Website of Saba Anglana
Article on Saba Anglana
Living people
1970 births
21st-century Somalian women singers
Somalian emigrants to Italy
People from Mogadishu
Sapienza University of Rome alumni
Somalian people of Italian descent
21st-century Italian women singers |
23577570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ius%20strictum | Ius strictum | Ius strictum means "strict law", or law interpreted without any modification and in its utmost rigor. It is a very rare term in the materials of classical Roman law. It is really a Byzantine term, occurring in Justinian’s Institutes in reference to the strict actions of the law, primarily describing the rigid limitations of the forms of action available under the law, particularly with older laws. It is often used by later commentators to distinguish it from the moderating influence of the praetors, or judges who expanded the law through actions ex fida bona, or what we would now call equity.
See also
Ius
Ius scriptum
Letter and spirit of the law
Pardon
References
Black's Law Dictionary (Second Edition 1910) (public domain)
Latin legal terminology |
56564997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuling%20National%20Forest%20Recreation%20Area | Wuling National Forest Recreation Area | Wuling National Forest Recreation Area () is located in Heping District, Taichung, Taiwan.
Geology
The forest recreation area spans over an area at the elevation of 1,800-3,884 meters above sea level with annual mean temperature of 16°C. It features the Taoshan Waterfall at the end of the Taoshan Trail.
Transportation
The recreation area is accessible by bus from Taichung Station of Taiwan Railways.
See also
Geography of Taiwan
Wuling Farm
References
Geography of Taichung
National forest recreation areas in Taiwan
Tourist attractions in Taichung |
23577572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandon%20River | Sandon River | Sandon River, an open mature wave dominated, barrier estuary, is located in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Sandon River rises of the eastern slopes of the Summervale Range, west of Blue Gum Flat and flows generally northeast before reaching its mouth at the Coral Sea of the South Pacific Ocean below Sandon Bluffs; descending over its course.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
Rivers in Australia
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Northern Rivers |
23577573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sara%20River | Sara River | Sara River, a perennial stream that is part of the Clarence River catchment, is located in the New England and Northern Tablelands districts of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Sara River rises on the southern slopes of Mount Mitchell on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range, east of Ben Lomond, and flows generally to the east, joined by three tributaries, including Oban River, before forming its confluence with the Guy Fawkes River to form the Boyd River within Guy Fawkes River National Park and Chaelundi National Park. Sara River descends over its course.
See also
List of rivers of Australia
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Northern Tablelands |
56565007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puneet%20Kumar | Puneet Kumar | Puneet Kumar (born 22 June 1998) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut for Jammu & Kashmir in the 2017–18 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 12 February 2018. He made his Twenty20 debut on 12 January 2021, for Jammu and Kashmir in the 2020–21 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.
References
External links
1998 births
Living people
Indian cricketers
Place of birth missing (living people)
Jammu and Kashmir cricketers |
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