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17329988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Cornell | Sarah Cornell | Sarah Cornell may refer to:
Sarah Maria Cornell (1803–1832), American mill worker found hanged
Sarah Cornell (actress), Canadian actress |
23572924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C10H12N2O5 | C10H12N2O5 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C10H12N2O5}}
The molecular formula C10H12N2O5 (molar mass: 240.21 g/mol, exact mass: 240.0746 u) may refer to:
Dinoseb, an herbicide also known as 6-sec-butyl-2,4-dinitrophenol
Dinoterb, an herbicide |
23572929 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunaverney%20flesh-hook | Dunaverney flesh-hook | The Dunaverney Flesh-Hook is a sophisticated bronze artefact from Prehistoric Ireland, thought to be an item of ceremonial feasting gear, and a symbol of authority. It is believed it was used to remove chunks of meat from a stew in a large cauldron for serving. It dates to the Late Bronze Age, between 1050 and 900 BC. Since 1856, it has been in the British Museum in London.
Description
Along the top of the flesh-hook are five birds, two large ones next to three smaller ones. At the bottom of the shaft, facing the family of five, are two birds. The group of two birds, presumably an adult pair, can be identified as corvids, perhaps ravens, the family of five as swans and cygnets. The two sets of birds seem to invoke opposites: birds of water versus birds of the air; white ranged against black, fecundity as opposed to death (implied by the predatory character of ravens). Perhaps, in the mind of the Bronze Age inhabitants, the two sets of birds denoted a fable of opposites between good and bad. The flesh-hook was originally linked by pieces of oak shaft, only one fragment of which remains extant.
Discovery
The Dunaverney Flesh-Hook was discovered in 1829 by workmen who were cutting turf at Dunaverney Bog to the north of Ballymoney in County Antrim. At the time of its discovery, the Dunaverney Flesh-Hook was unparalleled and for a long time many experts could not agree on its age and function. However, as more examples were found, not only in Ireland and Britain, but along the Atlantic seaboard of the European continent, it became clear from their style, technology and context that they belonged to the Bronze Age and were clearly important instruments used during ceremonial feasts. To this day, the representation of birds seen on the Dunaverney Flesh-Hook remains unique in north-west Europe.
See also
Little Thetford flesh-hook
Gallery
References
Prehistoric Ireland
Bronze Age Ireland
Prehistoric objects in the British Museum
Archaeological artifacts
Bronze Age art
Ancient art in metal |
23572931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demolition%20Racer | Demolition Racer | Demolition Racer is a vehicular combat racing video game for the PlayStation, Dreamcast, and PC developed by Pitbull Syndicate and published by Infogrames North America.
Gameplay
The game combines destruction and driving tactics in a fast-paced racing environment. It is very similar to the Destruction Derby series. The PC version contained slightly better in-game graphics than the PlayStation version, and included varied weather and times of day. Drivers are given (optional) wacky portraits which displayed on the side of the screen in a race, showing who's ahead of who.
The game was re-released for the Dreamcast as Demolition Racer: No Exit, which featured new tracks, new cars, unlockable mini games, and an additional mode called "No Exit", which plays the same as Last Man Standing in the other games. In No Exit's version of Last Man Standing, the player must now try to survive as long as possible. The game was also redesigned and enhanced. For example, the graphics were upgraded (same goes for the HUD and menus), the levels now have ambient sound effects (such as crowds cheering), and all of the drivers' cars are also shown on the results screen in what condition they were left with at the end of a race.
Development
On 15 March 1999, the game was announced by Accolade.
Reception
Demolition Racer: No Exit received "generally favourable reviews" according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. Jeff Lundrigan of NextGen said of the PlayStation version in its November 1999 issue, "Although this game has some 'modern' enhancements like shortcuts (which seem sort of pasted in), the game mechanics might as well have been transplanted whole and bleeding from Destruction Derby," and warned the reader to "Steer clear of this smoking wreck." A year later, however, he wrote that No Exit "still isn't living up to its potential, but it's a fun title nonetheless."
References
External links
Pitbull Syndicate page
1999 video games
Infogrames games
Dreamcast games
PlayStation (console) games
Racing video games
Vehicular combat games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Windows games
Multiplayer and single-player video games |
17329993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Maria%20Cornell | Sarah Maria Cornell | Sarah Maria Cornell (May 3, 1803 – December 20, 1832) was a Fall River mill worker whose corpse was found hanging from a stackpole on the farm of John Durfee in nearby Tiverton, Rhode Island on December 21, 1832. Her death was at first thought to be a suicide. After an autopsy, it was discovered she was pregnant. Methodist minister Ephraim K. Avery would be suspected of her pregnancy and tried for her murder, in a trial what would engage local industrialists against the New England Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Although Avery would be acquitted for the murder, he was forever scorned in the eyes of the public.
Biography
Sarah Maria Cornell was born on May 3, 1803, likely in Rupert, Vermont to James and Lucretia (Leffingwell) Cornell. Lucretia had been born well-off in an old Puritan family, the daughter of a Connecticut merchant and paper maker. However she had been disowned by her father after she married James Cornell, who had worked in his paper mill, and of whom he did not approve. James abandoned the family when Cornell was a baby, forcing her mother to give up her older sister and brother to relatives as she was financially unable to care for three children. Cornell remained with her mother to age eleven when she moved in with her aunt Joanna, in Norwich, Connecticut. Later in her teens, she apprenticed as a tailor. In 1820 she moved to nearby Bozrahville and worked as a tailor for about two years.
Around 1822 or 1823 she went to work at a cotton mill in Killingly, Connecticut. In the years that followed, she would move often and work at various mills in Rhode Island and Connecticut, including stints in North Providence, Jewett City, Slatersville. During this period, Cornell often got into trouble, including charges of theft and other "inappropriate" acts for a woman of that time.
During her time at Slatersville between 1823 and 1826, Cornell converted to Methodism, and sought to change her ways. However, in February 1826, the mill at Slatersville burned to the ground and she was forced to seek employment elsewhere. She first moved to the nearby village of Branch Factory and later to Mendon Mills (later called Millville, Massachusetts), several miles away.
In early 1827, Cornell moved again to find mill work in Dedham, Massachusetts. However, after only a few weeks there she moved again to Dorchester, Massachusetts, where she was able to reconnect with the Methodists. In May 1828, she moved to the booming mill town of Lowell, Massachusetts where she worked as a weaver until about the end of 1829. It was during this period in Lowell that she met a newly arrived Methodist minister, Ephraim Kingsbury Avery.
In September 1830, she moved to Dover, New Hampshire. Only two months later she moved again to Somersworth, New Hampshire. During the summer of 1831 she left New Hampshire for Waltham, Massachusetts but only stayed there a few weeks. She then moved to Taunton, Massachusetts where she found employment. In May 1832 she left Taunton for Woodstock, Connecticut where she was able to find work again as a tailor in Grindall Rawson's shop. It was at a Methodist Camp Meeting in Thompson, Connecticut at the end of August 1832 that Cornell once again crossed paths with Reverend Avery. By this time, Avery had become the minister in Bristol, Rhode Island. It is alleged that during the Thompson Camp meeting that Avery seduced Sarah Cornell.
In October 1832, she moved to Fall River where she found lodging at the home of Elija Cole. By this time she was showing clear signs of pregnancy, and sought advice from a local doctor in Fall River. By early December 1832, she moved to the Hathaway residence on Spring Street.
Death
On the morning of December 21, 1832, Cornell's body was found by farmer John Durfee quickly identified by the minister. Later discovered among her personal effects at the Hathaway residence was a note written by Cornell and dated the same day as her death:
"If I should be missing, enquire of the Rev. Mr. Avery of Bristol, he will know where I am."
Other suspicious and incriminating letters were also discovered, as well as a conversation she had had with a doctor indicating the married Avery was the father of her unborn child. A coroner's jury was convened in Tiverton before any autopsy had been performed. This jury found that Cornell had "committed suicide by hanging herself upon a stake ... and was influenced to commit said crime by the wicked conduct of a married man."
After the autopsy was performed, it was discovered that Cornell had been four months pregnant at the time of her death. A second coroner's jury was convened, this time in Bristol, Rhode Island. This jury overruled the earlier finding of suicide and accused Ephraim Kingsbury Avery, a married Methodist minister, as the "principal or accessory" in her death. Avery was quickly arrested on a charge of murder, but just as quickly set free on his own recognizance.
Cornell's pregnancy led another Methodist minister to reject the responsibility of burying her the second time (she already once been exhumed for autopsy). He claimed that she had only been a "probationary" member of his congregation. Responsibility for her burial was assumed by the Fall River Congregationalists, and Cornell was buried as an indigent, on Christmas Eve. That night, in Fall River, money was raised and two committees pledged to assist the officials of Tiverton with the murder investigation. The next day, a steamship was chartered to take one hundred men from Fall River to Bristol. They surrounded Avery's home and demanded he come out. Avery declined, but did send a friend outside to try to placate the crowd. The men eventually left when the steamship signaled its return to Fall River.
In Bristol, an inquest was convened, in which two Justices of the Peace found there to be insufficient evidence to try Avery for the crime of murder. The people of Fall River were outraged, and there were rumors that one of the justices was a Methodist, and was looking to quell the scandal. The deputy sheriff of Fall River, Harvey Harnden, obtained from a Rhode Island superior court judge a warrant for Avery's arrest. When a Rhode Island sheriff went to serve it, he discovered that Avery had already fled.
On January 20, 1833, Harnden tracked Avery to Rindge, New Hampshire. Avery later claimed he had fled because he feared for his life, particularly at the hands of the mob that had surrounded his house. Harnden extradited Avery to Newport, Rhode Island, where Avery was put in jail. On March 8, 1833, Avery was indicted for murder by a Newport County grand jury. He pleaded "not guilty".
Trial
The trial began in Newport, Rhode Island on May 6, 1833, and was heard by the Supreme Judicial Council. The lawyers for the prosecution were Rhode Island Attorney General Albert C. Greene and former attorney general Dutee Jerauld Pearce. The six lawyers for the defense, hired by the Methodist Church, were led by former United States Senator and New Hampshire Attorney General Jeremiah Mason.
The trial lasted 27 days. Under Rhode Island law at the time, defendants in capital cases were not permitted to offer testimony in their own defense, so Avery did not get the opportunity to speak. However, both the prosecution and the defense called a large number of witnesses to testify, 68 for the prosecution, and 128 for the defense.
Although the defense maintained that Avery had not been present when the murder occurred, the larger part of the defense strategy was to call into question Cornell's morals. The defense characterized her as "utterly abandoned, unprincipled, profligate," and brought forth many witnesses to testify to her promiscuity, suicidal ideation and mental instability. Much was made of how Cornell had been cast out of the Methodist Church for fornication.
The prosecution largely attempted to portray the Methodist clergy as a dangerous, almost secret society, willing to defend their minister and the good name of their church at any cost.
A medical debate centered around whether the unborn child was in fact conceived in August, although Puritan standards of propriety regarding the female body sometimes made it difficult to elicit factual information. One female witness, when questioned as to the state of Cornell's body, absolutely refused to answer, saying, "I never heard such questions asked of nobody."
On June 2, 1833, after deliberating for 16 hours, the jury found Ephraim Kingsbury Avery "not guilty". The minister was set free and returned to his position in the Methodist Church, but the public opinion was that Avery had been wrongfully acquitted. Rallies hanged or burned effigies of Avery, and he himself was once almost lynched in Boston. A great deal of anger was also directed at the Methodist Church. To ease tensions, the church's New England Conference convened a trial of its own, chaired by Wilbur Fisk, in which Avery was again acquitted. This did little, if anything, to quell public antipathy toward Avery or the church.
Avery later embarked on a speaking tour to vindicate himself in the eyes of the public, but his efforts were largely unsuccessful. In 1836, Avery left the Methodist ministry, and took his family first to Connecticut, then upstate New York. They ultimately settled in Ohio, where he lived out the rest of his days as a farmer. Avery also wrote a pamphlet called The correct, full and impartial report of the trial of Rev. Ephraim K. Avery. He died on October 23, 1869.
Legacy
Cornell's body was originally buried on the farm near where her body was found. However, years later it was moved to Plot 2733 on Whitethorn Path at Oak Grove Cemetery (Fall River, Massachusetts) when the farm became South Park.
References
Further reading
Raven, Rory (2009). Wicked Conduct: The Minister, the Mill Girl, and the Murder That Captivated Old Rhode Island. Charleston, SC: [History Press]. pp. 128. .
1803 births
1832 deaths
People from Fall River, Massachusetts
People from Worcester County, Massachusetts
People from Rupert, Vermont
People from North Smithfield, Rhode Island
Cornell family
Deaths by hanging |
17330035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindon%2C%20Myanmar | Mindon, Myanmar | Mindon is a town in Burma. It is the capital of Mindon Township of Thayet District in the Magway Region.
References
Populated places in Thayet District
Township capitals of Myanmar
Mindon Township |
17330042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt%27s%20sign | Pratt's sign | Pratt's sign is an indication of femoral deep vein thrombosis. It is seen as the presence of dilated pretibial veins in the affected leg, which remain dilated on raising the leg.
The sign was described by American surgeon Gerald H. Pratt (1928–2006) of St. Vincent's Hospital in 1949.
This is not the same as the Pratt Test, which checks for a DVT by compressing a vein with the hands.
References
Symptoms and signs: Vascular |
23572938 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C24H38O4 | C24H38O4 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C24H38O4}}
The molecular formula C24H38O4 (molar mass: 390.55 g/mol) may refer to:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (dioctyl phthalate)
Dioctyl terephthalate
Molecular formulas |
23572939 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanhopea%20saccata | Stanhopea saccata | Stanhopea saccata is a species of orchid occurring from Mexico (Chiapas) to Central America.
References
External links
saccata
Orchids of Chiapas
Orchids of Central America |
17330069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%20ABC%20Supply%20Company%20A.J.%20Foyt%20225 | 2007 ABC Supply Company A.J. Foyt 225 | The 2007 ABC Supply Company/A.J. Foyt 225 was a race in the 2007 IRL IndyCar Series, held at The Milwaukee Mile. It was held over the weekend of 1 -June 3, 2007, as the sixth round of the seventeen-race calendar.
Classification
References
IndyCar Series
ABC Supply Company A.J. Foyt 225
Milwaukee Indy 225
ABC Supply
ABC Supply Company A.J. Foyt 225 |
44497691 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Hinman | Charles Hinman | Charles Hinman born 1932 in Syracuse, New York is an Abstract Minimalist painter, notable for creating three-dimensional shaped canvas paintings in the mid-1960s.
Early years
Charles Hinman was born in 1932, in Syracuse, New York. He initiated his artistic education at the Syracuse Museum of Fine Arts, now the Everson Museum of Art, where he attended classes. He went on to complete his BFA in 1955 at Syracuse University. Alongside his artistic talent, Charles Hinman was also dedicated to sports. While studying at university he was a professional baseball player for the Milwaukee Braves in the minor league. He moved to New York to study at the Arts Student League before serving two years in the army. Upon his return he was a mechanical drawing teacher at the Staten Island Academy from 1960 to 1962 and a carpentry shop instructor at the Woodmere Academy on Long Island.
New York art scene
In the early 1960s Hinman lived on Coenties Slip in Lower Manhattan where he shared an abandoned sail-making loft with James Rosenquist. It was an ideal art studio offering large open spaces to work at an affordable rent. Along with Robert Indiana, Ellsworth Kelly, Jack Youngerman and Agnes Martin who resided in the neighbouring buildings, they formed a small artistic community away from the Upper-East side and the Abstract Expressionists from whom they wished to differentiate themselves. They did not constitute an art movement as such, but rather a "support and critique family that helped each other go on their individual paths." Throughout the 1960s they produced works that prefigured Pop, Minimal and Feminist Art. In 1965, Charles Hinman and Robert Indiana left Coenties Slip for the Bowery where they shared a building at 2 Spring Street. In 1971, he moved a block away on the Bowery where he settled in an 8000 sq/ft studio where he has remained ever since. Below Hinman's studio was that of Tom Wesselmann and above worked Will Insley, across the street were the studios of Adolph Gottlieb and Roy Lichtenstein. In 2002, the New Museum became his neighbor when it was built on the adjacent lot.
Shaped canvas
In the 1960s Charles Hinman played a significant role in redefining the physical shape of paintings. The shaped canvas was born from the desire to break away from the traditional square or rectangular frame of painting. Rather than a formalized medium or window that contained the subject, the contours of the painting became part of the subject itself. In the mid-1960s several abstract minimalist painters were experimenting with its possibilities, the most famous of which is Frank Stella. Charles Hinman drove the concept further by pushing the canvas out from the wall; his works were a form of hybrid between painting and sculpture. This type of painting is known as a three-dimensional shaped canvas. As early as 1963-64 Charles Hinman created sculptural paintings with protruding geometric and undulating forms. While Sven Lukin and Richard Smith were also experimenting with the use of the three-dimensional canvas around the same time, Charles Hinman's defining particularity was his focus on the illusion of space and subtly suggested volume, embracing the use of color, shadow and reflection. He was influenced by Ellsworth Kelly in his flat and contrasting Hard-edge use of color but with the objective of generating and accentuating a perception of volume. In the subsequent years until the early 1970s, Hinman examined the possibilities offered by this new medium: strongly protruding canvases, geometric and sensual profiles, color contrasts, color reflections on the adjacent wall, shadows, monochrome canvases.
Early recognition
It was through James Rosenquist, that Charles Hinman caught the attention of prominent New York gallery owners and museum directors who visited the studio they shared. Two exhibitions in 1964-65 introduced Hinman's work to the grand public and to critical attention; "Seven New Artists" at the Sidney Janis Gallery and a solo exhibition at the Richard Feigen Gallery. In 1965 Frank Stella and Henry Geldzahler included Hinman's work in their group show "Shape and Structure" at Tibor de Nagy, alongside Donald Judd, Larry Bell, Sol LeWitt, Carl Andre and Will Insley. His work was shown at the Whitney Museum's landmark show "Young America 1965" and the following year in "United States 1670-1966". Hinman was represented by Richard Feigen who showed his work at his New York and Chicago galleries. While major museums such as the MOMA, the Whitney Museum and the Albright–Knox Art Gallery soon bought his work for their permanent collections, his paintings also found a home in the collection of Nelson Rockefeller. From 1971 to 1973 the Parisian gallerist Denise René showed his work at her Paris and New York galleries.
Artistic concepts
Process
Throughout his career, Charles Hinman has developed a methodical process by which he creates his works. First, he draws sketches of the final shape he wishes to create. He then designs a minute blueprint of the frameworks he needs to construct to achieve this shape, comprising all the angles and lengths of the frame. His works are often composed of a juxtaposition of shaped canvases, which he bolts together into an integral form. He adds the third dimension to his paintings by fixing protuberant forms to the underpinnings. These shapes push the canvas out from the wall and create the volume in his paintings. He then paints various planes of his work in order to create volume and to play with the eye of the viewer. He sometimes paints the reverse side of the canvas which sits off the wall, so as to produce a halo effect around his work. The use of light and shadows as well as contrasting colors and reflections play an important role in his creations.
6 dimensions
Hinman's work focuses on the perception of volume as opposed to literal space. He uses an array of techniques to create volume in the eye of the viewer. It is a form of trompe-l'œil that constantly evolves depending on the spectator's vantage point. Hinman describes his concept as "My concept of my work is dynamic---never static. I think of my paintings as occupying a 6-dimensionnal space(…) the three dimensions of space and one each of time, light and color." According to him, space and time imply movement and the change of light: "As light moves across the object, the forms and the color appear to change with the rearrangement of the shadows. (…)The brightness causes a surface to move forward—the darkness causes the surface to recede. Further, the choice of adjacent colors causes a sensation of motion of the surfaces"
Series
Throughout his career, Hinman has continuously created works in series. His early works from the mid-1960s are voluptuous and organic with strongly contrasting hard-edge colors and projecting forms. He then moved to a two-dimensional, minimalist and geometric style in the early 1970s. By the late 1970s he was exploring the potential of arched "double curved" profiles to shape his canvases. These structures became increasingly complex throughout the 1980s, reaching for scale and color in leaf-like arrangements.
Since 2000, he has returned to a pure and minimal style working with light as much as with color. "A single facet or canvas may have its own color, or the shadow across it may serve as color (…) Sometimes the color solely belongs to the edge of a work, or so it seems, until one notices that Hinman has painted the back (…) He is not just shaping an object, but also taking it out from the wall."
The Shaped Canvas revisited
In 1964, the Guggenheim Museum organised the show "The Shaped Canvas". Laurence Alloway, the curator of the exhibition decided to focus on two-dimensional Minimal works only, de facto excluding three dimensional as well as Pop art works from this movement. This initial selection has been questioned and broadened over the years by several retrospective group shows that hosted a wider variety of shaped canvases. Frank Stella's 1965 group show "Shape and Structure" immediately refuted Olloway's position by including Charles Hinman's paintings. In 1979, The Visual Arts Museum in New York organised a show named "Shaped Paintings". It opened the scope of the shaped canvas to Pop Art works as well as to three-dimensional shaped canvases. Charles Hinman's work was presented alongside that of Kenneth Noland, Ellsworth Kelly, Robert Mangold, Bernard Venet and Tom Wesselmann. In 2014, Charles Hinman was included in the group show "Shaped Canvas Revisited" at the Luxembourg and Dayan Gallery in New York. This exhibition, which celebrated the fifty years of the original Guggenheim show, places Hinman among the fathers of the shaped canvas movement alongside artists such as Lucio Fontana, Kenneth Noland, Frank Stella and Tom Wesselmann.
Reception
In recent years, Charles Hinman's work has garnered increasing attention both for his contemporary as for his "modern" (historic) works. According to some critics, his latest series of "Gems" and "Black Paintings" are arguably amongst his most interesting works. In 2013, the Marc Straus Gallery in New York organized a retrospective covering the six decades of his career.
Documentaries and videos
"The Art of Charles Hinman", Vimeo.com, Adam Ben Cohen, http://vimeo.com/89413358
"In the Studio with Charles Hinman", Vimeo.com, Ghostly International, Will Calcutt, http://vimeo.com/109732185
"Charles Hinman", Vimeo.com, Thomas Auriol, http://vimeo.com/112290770
Selected solo shows
2017 Charles Hinman - Shaped Paintings. WESTWOOD GALLERY NYC
2013 Charles Hinman - 6 Decades. MARC STRAUS, New York, NY, USA
2011 GEMS at the Butler Institute of American Art, Youngstown, OH, USA
2004 Boca Raton Museum of Art, FL, USA
1980 Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, NY, USA
1971-5 Galerie Denise René, New York, NY, USA
1967 Richard Feigen Gallery, New York, NY, USA
1966 Tokyo Gallery, Tokyo, Japan
Source:
Selected group shows
2014 Shaped Canvas Revisited, Luxembourg and Dayan, New York, NY, USA
2004 Blast from the Past, Pace Editions, New York, NY, USA
1989 American Painting Since the Death of Painting, curated by Donald Kuspit, Kuznetsky Most Exhibition Hall, Moscow, USSR
1967 Whitney Annual Exhibition, Whitney Museum, New York, NY, USA
1965 Recent Acquisitions, MOMA (Museum of Modern Art), New York, NY, USA
1965 Shape and Structure, Tibor de Nagy Gallery, New York, NY, USA
Source:
Selected institutional collections
Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY, USA
Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY, USA
Los Angeles County Museum, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Hirshhorn Museum, Washington, DC, USA
Musee' des Beaux Arts de l'Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Tel Aviv Museum, Tel Aviv, Israel
Albright Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY, USA
Source:
Selected corporate collections
Chase Manhattan Bank, New York, NY, USA
The Rockefeller Collection, New York, NY, USA
Source:
Selected awards and honors
Guggenheim Fellowship
Pollock-Krasner Foundation Grant
Lee Krasner Award
Source:
References
American abstract artists
Minimalist artists
Artists from Syracuse, New York
1932 births
Living people |
23572942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz%20Neumayer | Fritz Neumayer | Fritz Neumayer (29 July 1884 – 12 April 1973) was a German politician. He was Federal Minister of Building from 1952 to 1953, and Federal Minister of Justice from 1953 to 1956.
Early life
Neumayer was born at Kaiserslautern, Germany. Both his father and his grandfather were lawyers and liberal members of parliament. Neumayer studied law at Würzburg, Berlin, Leipzig and Strasbourg. After his graduation in 1911, he practiced law in his native city of Kaiserslautern until 1945, except for the time of military service.
Political career
After World War II, Neumayer joined the newly founded liberal party of the western occupation zones, the Free Democratic Party (FDP). Also in 1945, he became president of the state court in Kaiserslautern. He was elected to the advisory state board of the newly founded state of Rhineland-Palatinate in 1946, and to the respective state parliament in 1947. When Rhineland-Palatinate became a constituent state of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949, Neumayer was elected to the federal parliament, where his primary concern was ensuring the independence of judges from the state.
After the death of the liberal minister for building, Hermann-Eberhard Wildermuth, in 1952, Neumayer led the ministry until the 1953 West German federal election. After the election, he became Federal Minister of Justice, and worked primarily on reforming the criminal law. He furthered judicial gender equality with a law of early 1954, though "according to the natural order" granting a husband the right to issue binding decisions for his spouse if the wellbeing of the family was not endangered.
Neumayer also furthered an extension to the amnesty of 1949, resulting in the amnesty law of 17 July 1954. In Neumayer's words, the law was to "rule off crimes committed directly or collaterally in the context of the conditions of a chaotic time period". Amnestied were people convicted of crimes up to manslaughter, but not murder, committed between 1 October 1944 and 31 July 1945 in the assumption of a legitimacy of their action, especially by following orders, or out of an emergency. The law also provided for the clearance of several such crimes in the official registries.
In 1956, Neumayer together with all other liberal federal ministers left the FDP to join the newly founded Freie Volkspartei (FVP). In the same year, West German chancellor Konrad Adenauer dismissed him from his office, giving his high age as the reason.
Later life
Neumayer, who was married with four children, spent the later part of his life in Munich. He was Honorary Chairman of the supervisory board of the Pfaff AG. He died on April 12, 1973 in Munich, and was buried in Kaiserslautern.
Notes
References
Bibliography
1884 births
1973 deaths
Jurists from Rhineland-Palatinate
Justice ministers of Germany
Members of the Bundestag for Rhineland-Palatinate
Members of the Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate
Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Members of the Bundestag for the Free Democratic Party (Germany) |
44497693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude%20A.%20Taylor | Claude A. Taylor | Claude A. Taylor (1902–1966) was an American politician and jurist who served as chief justice on the South Carolina Supreme Court. He was born in 1902 in Gilbert, South Carolina. He spent ten years serving in the General Assembly of South Carolina including as the House of Representatives' Speaker between 1935 and 1936. In 1944, Taylor gained election to the South Carolina Supreme Court and became its chief justice in 1961. Taylor began the practice of opening sessions of the court with a prayer. He died on January 21, 1966, and is buried in Spartanburg, South Carolina's Greenlawn Memorial Gardens.
References
Justices of the South Carolina Supreme Court
Chief Justices of the South Carolina Supreme Court
1902 births
1966 deaths
20th-century American judges |
44497694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asue%20Ighodalo | Asue Ighodalo | Asue Ighodalo is a Nigerian lawyer. He is alongside Femi Olubanwo, a founding partner of the law firm of Banwo-and-Ighodalo a corporate and commercial law practice in Nigeria specializing in advising major corporations on Corporate Finance, Capital Markets, Energy & Natural Resources, Mergers & Acquisitions, Banking & Securitization and Project Finance. He is the chairman sterling Bank, Director, NSIA - Nigerian Sovereign Investment Authority, Chairman NESG - Nigerian Economic Summit Group.
Early years
Asue Ighodalo is a product of King's College, Lagos. He obtained B.Sc degree in Economics from the University of Ibadan in 1981, an LL.B from the London School of Economics and Political Science (1984) and a B.L from the Nigerian Law School, Lagos (1985).
Later career
Upon graduation from Nigerian Law School, Lagos, Ighodalo worked as an Associate in the law firm of Chris Ogunbanjo & Co between 1985 and 1991, and in 1991 he set up Banwo & Ighodalo in partnership with Femi Olubanwo. The firm today is consistently ranked as a leading Nigerian law firm in the areas of Capital Markets, Securities, Mergers & Acquisitions. Mr. Ighodalo's core areas of practice include Corporate Finance, Capital Markets, Energy; Natural Resources, Mergers; Acquisitions, Banking; Securitization and Project Finance.
Ighodalo in 2014, successfully advised Zenith Bank Plc in connection with a US$500 million eurobond issuance and Diamond Bank Plc in connection with a US$200 million eurobond issuance respectively.
Publications and works
Ighodalo has presented several papers on capital markets issues both within and outside Nigeria, and also authored many articles in leading law publications. He sometimes lectures on corporate governance, directors' duties and responsibilities, and entrepreneurship at the Institute of Directors, Lagos Business School and FATE Foundation entrepreneurial training sessions, respectively.
Boards, memberships and awards
Asue is the Chairman, Board of Directors, Sterling Bank Plc, Dangote Flour Mills Plc and The Nigerian Economic Summit Group (NESG). He also sits on the boards of other public and private companies, Non-Governmental Organizations (“NGOs”) and a statutory body including the Okomu Oil Palm Company Plc Nigeria Sovereign Investment Authority (NSIA) FATE Foundation (an NGO committed to the development of entrepreneurs in Nigeria)
Ighodalo became the Chairman of Sterling Bank in August 2014. He is a member of Nigerian Bar Association (NBA), and is a past chairman of The NBA – Section on Business Law (NBA SBL) . He is also a member of Association of International Petroleum Negotiators (AIPN), USA, Nigerian Economic Summit Group, International Bar Association (IBA), Nigerian Maritime Law Association, Commercial Law & Taxation Committee of the Lagos Chamber Of Commerce & Industry, London School of Economics Lawyers' Group and Associate Member Chartered Institute of Taxation.
Family
Asue is happily married to Ifeyinwa, and they are blessed with a daughter.
References
Living people
20th-century Nigerian lawyers
University of Ibadan alumni
King's College, Lagos alumni
21st-century Nigerian businesspeople
Alumni of London Business School
Corporate lawyers
Nigerian chairpersons of corporations
Nigerian Law School alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Nigerian lawyers |
44497716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Geyer | Frank Geyer | {{Infobox police officer
| name = Detective Frank P. Geyer
| image = File:Philadelphia City Detective Frank Geyer.jpg
| caption =Geyer in 1896
| currentstatus =
| department =City of Philadelphia Police Department
| birth_date =
| death_date =
| nickname =
|rank=Detective, January 1888 until retirement, August 1903, appointed by Philadelphia Mayor Edwin Henry FitlerSpecial Officer, from February 1877 to January 1888Patrolman, May 6, 1876 to February 1887, appointed by Mayor William Stokley
|birth_place=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
|death_place= Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
|resting_place=Hillside Cemetery, Roslyn, Pennsylvania|badgenumber=840, 887, and detective badge|serviceyears=27 years at City of Philadelphia Police Department|laterwork=Author of Holmes-Pitezel case: a history of the greatest crime of the century and of the search for the missing Pitezel children, 1896Invented "Shutter or Door Fastener," 1896Invented "Safety-Lock," 1907Founded "Frank P. Geyer Detective Agency," Philadelphia, PA, after retirement
|spouse=
|children = 1 daughter
}}
Frank Geyer (July 28, 1853 – October 4, 1918) was an American police detective from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, best known for his investigation of H. H. Holmes, one of America's first serial killers. Geyer was a longtime city employee of the Philadelphia Police Department, and in 1894 was assigned to investigate the Holmes-Pitezel Case. He published the story in his book The Holmes-Pitezel Case: a history of the greatest crime of the century and of the search for the missing Pitezel children.
Son of Reuben K. Geyer and Camilla Buck, Frank Geyer died at the age of 65 due to La Grippe (Spanish Flu) and his funeral was attended by hundreds of policemen and detectives.
The Holmes–Pitezel Case
H.H. Holmes's recorded crimes began in Chicago in 1893 when he opened a hotel called The World's Fair Hotel for the World's Columbian Exposition. The structure, built by Holmes, would later be known as the 'Murder Castle', as demonstrably false press accounts averred that labyrinthine constructions on the top two floors were used by Holmes to torture and kill numerous victims. Reports by the yellow press claimed the structure contained secret torture chambers, trap doors, gas chambers and a basement crematorium; none of these claims were true. Even a 1937 article in the Chicago Tribune described: "There were rooms that had no doors. There were doors that had no rooms. A mysterious house it was indeed -- a crooked house, a reflex of the builder's own distorted mind. In that house occurred dark and eerie deeds.". While Holmes' "Murder Castle" is a total fabrication, it is true that he killed multiple times, partly in furtherance of an insurance fraud scheme. In doing so, Holmes left a complicated trail of evidence through several US states and the Canadian province of Ontario.
Boston police inspectors and a Pinkerton detective apprehended Holmes in 1894 in Boston on a coroner's warrant for insurance fraud perpetrated in Philadelphia; however, Boston officials did not find the warrant sufficient to hold Holmes so they contacted Fort Worth, Texas for an outstanding warrant of horse theft. Holmes volunteered to be extradited to Philadelphia for the insurance fraud as he felt he would receive a much lighter sentence. Texas was notorious for rendering harsh sentences to horse thieves. The City of Philadelphia Police Department sent Detective Thomas Crawford to Boston to bring H. H. Holmes and his accomplice, Mrs. Carrie Pitezel, to Philadelphia for a trial.
Philadelphia city detective Frank Geyer was tasked with investigating and the trail led him through the Mid West and Toronto, Canada, where he found the remains of two of the Pitezel children. They were the children of Benjamin Pitezel, Holmes's former partner in crime, whom he had murdered to commit life insurance fraud. Pitezel, however, was only involved in fraud and had no knowledge of the murders.
The initial investigation was concerned with the insurance fraud but it soon became apparent that Holmes had killed Pitezel. In June 1895 Frank Geyer left Philadelphia to retrace Holmes's steps. His findings in Toronto led to further investigations of Holmes's Chicago property, which sealed his fate. Geyer used information from the unsent letters written by the Pitezel children which, for an unknown reason, were kept by Holmes. In Toronto, he found the bodies of Alice and Nellie Pitezel. He continued his search and found the burnt remains of Howard Pitezel, the third child, in a house Holmes had rented in Irvington, Indianapolis.
Holmes was found guilty murder in the first degree and executed in May 1896 at the age of 34. Wildly exaggerated accounts have estimated Holmes' total number of victims at around 200, but with no sources to back up the figure. Erik Larson, who wrote extensively about Holmes in The Devil in the White City (2003), thought this was a gross exaggeration. Holmes himself confessed to 27 murders, although some of the people he claimed to have killed were still in fact alive. Modern thought links Holmes to the murders of Ben Pitezel and his three children, as well as very possibly (though by no means unquestionably) to five women he had various personal and business dealings with in the late 1880s and early 1890s, and who disappeared at various points and were never found. The murder of Ben Pitezel was the only murder for which Holmes was charged and convicted.
That same year Frank Geyer published his book detailing the case. In the book George S. Graham, District Attorney of Philadelphia, described the story as "one of the most marvellous [sic] stories of modern times".
False Claims of Geyer's Family Dying in Fire
Several popular books falsely claimed Detective Geyer's wife and twelve-year-old daughter died in a fire shortly after he was assigned to investigate H. H. Holmes and the three missing Pitezel children.
However, Geyer's beloved wife and daughter never died in a fire and continued to live well past his death in 1918.
Other Work by Detective Geyer
In 1896, Detective Geyer became an author and inventor. He authored the Holmes-Pitezel case: a history of the greatest crime of the century and of the search for the missing Pitezel children, which became an instant best seller. Shortly after its release, his "Shutter or Door Fastener" patent application was approved by the United States Patent Office on March 10, 1896, Patent No. 556,141. After 27 years with the City of Philadelphia Police Department, Geyer opened the Frank P. Geyer Detective Agency, located at 1328 Arch Street in Philadelphia and investigated high profile cases, mostly in the Pennsylvania and New Jersey areas. In 1907, he invented the "Safety-Lock for Pocket Books and Hand Bags, which was approved by the Patent Office December 3, 1907, Patent No. 872,619.
References
1853 births
1918 deaths
Private detectives and investigators
People from Philadelphia
Philadelphia Police Department officers
19th-century American inventors
20th-century American inventors
Deaths from Spanish flu |
6901066 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Don%27t%20Know%20How%20to%20Love%20Him | I Don't Know How to Love Him | "I Don't Know How to Love Him" is a song from the 1970 album and 1971 rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar written by Andrew Lloyd Webber (music) and Tim Rice (lyrics), a torch ballad sung by the character of Mary Magdalene. In the opera she is presented as bearing an unrequited love for the title character. The song has been much recorded, with "I Don't Know How to Love Him" being one of the rare songs to have had two concurrent recordings reach the top 40 of the Hot 100 chart in Billboard magazine, specifically those by Helen Reddy and Yvonne Elliman, since the 1950s when multi-version chartings were common.
Composition/original recording (Yvonne Elliman)
"I Don't Know How to Love Him" had originally been published with different lyrics in the autumn of 1967, the original title being "Kansas Morning". The melody's main theme has come under some scrutiny for being non-original, being compared to a theme from Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto in E Minor. In December 1969 and January 1970, when Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice completed Jesus Christ Superstar, Rice wrote new lyrics to the tune of "Kansas Morning" to provide the solo number for the character of Mary Magdalene (Rice and Webber's agent David Land would purchase the rights to "Kansas Morning" back from Southern Music for £50).
Now entitled "I Don't Know How to Love Him", the song was recorded by Yvonne Elliman and completed between March and July 1970. When first presented with "I Don't Know How to Love Him", Elliman had been puzzled by the romantic nature of the lyrics, as she had been under the impression that the Mary she'd been recruited to portray was Jesus's mother.
Recorded in one take at Olympic Studios in June 1970, "I Don't Know How to Love Him" has been universally acclaimed as the high point of the Jesus Christ Superstar soundtrack since the album's September 1970 release; in 2003 The Rough Guide to Cult Pop would assess Elliman's performance: "It's rare to hear a singer combine such power and purity of tone in one song, and none of the famous singers who have covered this ballad since have come close."
The choice for the first single release went, however, to the track "Superstar" by Murray Head. When a cover of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by Helen Reddy began moving up the charts in the spring of 1971 the original track by Yvonne Elliman was issued as a single to reach No. 28, although Reddy's version was more successful at No. 13. Both versions did moderately well on the Adult Contemporary chart, with Reddy's at No. 12 and Elliman's at No. 15 Despite the difference in chart success,Cash Box considered Elliman's version to be the stronger version of the song. In early 1972, Elliman's "I Don't Know How to Love Him" was issued in the UK on a double A-side single with Murray Head's "Superstar"; with this release Elliman faced competition with a cover of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by Petula Clark, but neither version became a major hit, Elliman's reaching No. 47 and Clark's No. 47. Tim Rice produced several additional tracks for Elliman to complete her debut album.
Elliman performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" when she played the Mary Magdalene role first in the Broadway production of Jesus Christ Superstar, which opened at the Mark Hellinger Theatre 12 October 1971, and then in the movie version, her respective renderings being featured on both the Broadway cast album and the soundtrack album for the film. Her version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" from the movie soundtrack gave Elliman a hit in Italy (#21) in 1974. Elliman has also performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" when revisiting her Mary Magdalene role, first at a Jesus Christ Superstar concert by the University of Texas at El Paso Dinner Theatre staged 14 April 2003, and then for a live-in-concert one-night only performance of Jesus Christ Superstar on 13 August 2006 at the Ricardo Montalban Theater in Los Angeles.
Chart history
Subsequent show tune renditions in English
Melanie C version
Onstage
English singer Melanie C performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in the role of Mary Magdalene during the Jesus Christ Superstar Live Arena Tour which had its initial UK run in September - October 2012 also playing the O2 Dublin 12 October 2012, followed first by an Australian tour in May - June 2013 and then an encore UK run in October 2012. Melanie C had debuted her performance of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" on 25 July 2012 when she sang the song to Andrew Lloyd Webber's piano accompaniment on the final of the reality-TV talent show Superstar broadcast by ITV. The Adelaide Now review of the ...Live Arena Tours 4 June 2012 performance at the Adelaide Entertainment Centre stated: "Melanie C absolutely blitzes her big number 'I Don't Know How To Love Him' bringing a more raw rock edge to the bridge before hitting the final big notes right out of the arena."
Recording
Melanie C made a studio recording of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" for her 9 September 2012 album Stages, a show tune album produced by the singer's longtime collaborator Peter-John Vettese from which "I Don't Know How to Love Him" had been issued in digital download format as a preview to rank after its first week of release at #20 on the UK Independent Singles Chart.
Track listings
Digital download "Don't Know How To Love Him" – 5:18
Charts
Credits and personnel
Credits for the album version of "I Don't Know How To Love Him".
Andrew Lloyd Webber – songwriter
Tim Rice – songwriter
Peter-John Vettese – producer
Mark 'Tufty' Evans – engineer
Tony Cousins – mastering
Ian Ross – art designer
Tim Bret-Day – photographer
Release history
Other renditions as a show tune in English
Other singers who have performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in the role of Mary Magdalene onstage in productions of Jesus Christ Superstar (referred to as JCS), and/or as a show tune, include:1970s/ 1980s onstage in JCS:
Linda Nichols in the first US national tour which played the Hollywood Bowl in August 1971; Nichols reprised the role in a four-city tour (Atlanta/ Dallas/ Sacramento/ St. Louis) in 1985
Michele Fawdon who originated the role in Australia in 1972
Marta Heflin in the Broadway production at the Mark Hellinger Theater from 17 April 1972
Heather MacRae in the second US national tour which played the Universal Studios Amphitheatre in July 1972
Dana Gillespie in the original London production at the Palace Theatre which opened 9 August 1972, and on the subsequent UK tour
Emma Angeline Butler in the Gaiety Theatre, Dublin, production which opened March 1973
Marcia Hines, who in the summer of 1973 took over from Fawdon as Mary Magdalene in Australia, reprising the role in 1975 and 1978
Judy Kaye at the Oakdale Theater, Wallingford CT, in 1972, at the Music Circus, Sacramento, in June 1975, and at the Paper Mill Playhouse in 1977
Barbara Niles in the first Broadway revival which opened at the Longacre Theater 23 November 1977
Siobhan McCarthy at the Palace Theater (West End) from 1979
Beth Leavel in the UNCG Summer Theater Repertory production in June 1979
Nicolette Larson at the Starlight Theater, Kansas City, MO, in August 1984
Kim Criswell at the Paper Mill Playhouse in 1988
The renditions of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by Michele Fawdon and Dana Gillespie were respectively featured on the Australian and London cast albums of JCS, both released in 1972. Marcia Hines' version appears on her 1978 Live Across Australia album.1990s onstage in JCS:
LaChanze at the Walnut Street Theater, Philadelphia, over the Christmas season of 1991
Kate Ceberano in the 1992 Australian national tour
Janika Sillamaa in 1992 at the Linnahall, Tallinn
Irene Cara in the first months of Landmark Entertainment Group US national tour 1992-93
Margaret Urlich in a New Zealand concert production in 1993
Emily Saliers in the Jesus Christ Superstar: a Resurrection production which played Atlanta, Austin and Seattle in 1994
Syreeta Wright in the Landmark Entertainment Group US national tour as of October 1993
Joanna Ampil in the London revival at the Lyceum Theatre which opened 19 November 1996
Golda Rosheuval in a seven-city UK tour 1998-99
The renditions of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by Kate Ceberano (1992), Margaret Urlich (1993), Emily Saliers (1994), and Joanna Ampil (1996) all appear on the cast albums of their respective productions, with the cast album tracks by Kate Ceberano and Margaret Urlich released as singles in, respectively, Australia and New Zealand charting at respectively No. 38 and No. 44. In 1992 Claire Moore sang "I Don't Know How to Love Him" on a 20th Anniversary re-recording of the JCS soundtrack.
Frances Ruffelle sang "I Don't Know How to Love Him" when she performed as Mary Magdalene in a studio cast album of JCS broadcast on BBC Radio 2 on 19 October 1996. Also in 1996 Issy Van Randwyck performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" on a recording of JCS produced for Jay Records. Janika Sillamaa recorded "I Don't Know How to Love Him" for her 1993 album Lootus; the rendition recorded by Kim Criswell for her 1999 album Back to Before is included on the 2002 compilation album The Essential Songs of Andrew Lloyd-Webber.
In 1999 JCS was filmed by Andrew Lloyd Webber's RUG company with Renee Castle singing "I Don't Know How to Love Him" as Mary Magdalene; released in the UK 16 October 2000 and internationally over the next six months, the RUG production of JCS had its cast album given a parallel release with the video and DVD editions of the film in March 2001, with the film being broadcast by PBS as a Great Performances segment over Eastertide of 2001.2000s onstage in JCS:
Maya Days in the 2000 Broadway revival which opened at the Ford Center for the Performing Arts that 16 April
Amii Stewart at the Teatro Olimpico, Rome, over the Easter season of 2000 in the concluding engagement of a seven-city Italian tour
Olivia Cinquemani (it) in the final performance of the Eastertide 2000 engagement at the Teatro Olimpico and subsequently at the Teatro Nazionale, Milan, in that autumn; Bituin Escalante in the GSIS Theater, Manila, production which opened 23 March 2000
Sonja Richter in the Østre Gasværk, Østerbro, production which opened 23 February 2002
Arlene Wilkes (no) in the Agder Teater, Kristiansand, production which opened 13 July 2002
Natalie Toro in the 2004 US national tour;
Liisi Koikson (et) at the Vanemuine, Tartu, in June 2004
Kerry Ellis in a concert production at Portchester Castle in Fareham 11 July 2004
Candida Mosoma in the South African production which opened 12 April 2006 at Theater on the Bay, Cape Town, with Mosoma reprising her role when the production played the Badminton Theater, Athens, over Eastertide 2007.
In the 2 September 2006 episode of How Do You Solve a Problem like Maria?, potential eliminees Helena Blackman and Leanne Dobinson sang a joint version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" for Andrew Lloyd Webber, who elected to "save" Blackman.2010 -''' onstage in JCS:
Naomi Price in the Harvest Rain Theatre Company production of August 2010 and in its August 2011 reprise
Nádine in the South African production which opened 12 May 2011 at the Artscape Opera House, Cape Town
Jennifer Paz in the Village Theatre, Seattle, revival which opened 11 May 2011
Chilina Kennedy in the Stratford Festival revival which opened 16 May 2011 and, after an interim La Jolla Playhouse run, opened at the Neil Simon Theatre on Broadway 22 March 2012
Ivana Vaňková (cs) in the Brno City Theatre production at the Mediterranean Conference Centre, Valletta, in April 2014
Mari Haugen Smistad (no) in the Lørenskog Hus, Akershus, production which opened 10 October 2014
Patricia Meeden (de) in the Theater Bonn Operhaus production which opened 13 October 2014 (at some performances the song was sung by Mary Magdalene alternate Dionne Wudu)
Julia Deans in the Auckland Theatre Company production which opened 1 November 2014 at the Rangatira auditorium in the Q Theater
Rachel Adedeji in the tour of the British Isles from 21 January 2015
Nadine Beiler in a concert staging at the Raimund Theater, Mariahilf, from 27 March 2015
Maria Ylipää can be heard singing "I Don't Know How to Love Him" on the recording made of the concert production of JCS which had a three-night run 25–27 August 2011 at Sibelius Hall in Lahti, Finland, Ylipää playing the role of Mary Magdalene in that production made under the auspices of the Lahti Symphony Orchestra. Saara Aalto sang "I Don't Know How to Love Him" when she assumed the role of Mary Magdalene in a reprise of the Lahti Symphony Orchestra's concert production of JCS, which had a three-night run 22–24 August 2012.
Renée van Wegberg (nl) sang "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in the role of Mary Magdalene in a concert version of JCS presented 25 March 2013 at the Beatrix Theater in Utrecht, and again in a concert production at the DeLaMar (Amsterdam) 17 March 2015. On 16 March 2015 the DeLaMar had presented a concert version of JCS featuring Willemijn Verkaik singing "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in the role of Mary Magdalene.
Other singers with theatrical associations who have recorded "I Don't Know How to Love Him" include (with parent album) Elaine Paige (Stages – 1983; also Elaine Paige Live – 2009), Barbara Dickson (Ovation: Best of Andrew Lloyd Webber – 1985), Stephanie Lawrence (The Love Songs of Andrew Lloyd Webber – 1988), Titti Sjöblom (Special -1989), Marti Webb (The Magic From the Musicals – 1991), Fiona Hendley (The Andrew Lloyd Webber Collection – 1991), Sarah Brightman (Sarah Brightman Sings the Music of Andrew Lloyd Webber – 1992), Julia McKenzie (The Musicals Album – 1992), Lea Salonga (The Broadway Concert – 1992), Twiggy (London Pride: songs from the London stage - 1996), and Ruthie Henshall (non-album cut - 2011). Also Helena Vondráčková, who had recorded the Czech rendering "Já, Máří Magdaléna" for her 1993 showtune album Broadway, recorded "I Don't know How to Love Him", for that album's 1994 English-language edition: The Broadway Album. Sandy Lam performed the song in the Andrew Lloyd Webber: Masterpiece: Live From the Great Hall of the People, Beijing televised concert in 2001; her rendering is featured on the soundtrack album. Gemma Arterton performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" 8 July 2014 at the Tim Rice: a life in song gala at the Royal Festival Hall which was filmed for broadcast by BBC Two on Christmas Day 2014. Sonia, who performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in the 1997 UK tour of the What a Feeling nostalgiac revue, recorded her version for the show's soundtrack album. Also Bonnie Tyler was recruited to record "I Don't Know How to Love Him" for the 2007 album Over the Rainbow – Show Tunes in Aid of the Association of Children's Hospices. Sara Bareilles performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" during the live musical television special, Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert, on NBC on 1 April 2018.
Non-theatrical versions
Helen Reddy version
Upon the release of the original Jesus Christ Superstar album Capitol Records executive Artie Mogull heard the potential for a smash hit in the track "I Don't Know How to Love Him" and had pitched the song to Linda Ronstadt, then on the Capitol roster; after Ronstadt advised Mogull: "she hated the song, [saying] it was terrible" Mogull invited the then-unknown Helen Reddy to record "I Don't Know How to Love Him" as part of a one-off single deal with Capitol. Reddy herself did not care for "I Don't Know How to Love Him" agreeing to cut the song to serve as B-side for the track she wished to record: the Mac Davis composition; "I Believe in Music" (later a hit for Gallery).
Background and recording
In her autobiography The Woman I Am, Helen Reddy states that Mogull invited her to record a single after seeing her perform on a Tonight Show episode (the guest host Flip Wilson had invited Reddy to appear; Wilson knew Reddy from the club circuit). Mogull himself attributed his interest in Reddy to the solicitations on her behalf by her then-husband and manager Jeff Wald who called Mogull three times a day for five months asking him to let Reddy cut a song. Larry Marks produced Reddy's recording of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" and "I Believe in Music" at A&M's recording studios. According to Reddy, her extreme anxiety – "I had waited years for this shot and I didn't think there would be another one" – manifested in her vocals making "I Believe in Music" ineffectual but "I Don't Know How to Love Him" convincingly plaintive, clinching the decision to make the latter the A-side of the single, released in January 1971. In a 1974 Billboard tribute to Helen Reddy, writer Cynthia Spector states "I Don't Know How to Love Him" became a hit due to the efforts of Jeff Wald "who stayed on the phone morning to night, cajoling, bullying, wheedling airplay from disk jockeys. Using $4,000 of his own money, his own telephone credit card and his American Express card to wine and dine anyone who would listen to his wife, he made the record happen."
Release
Reddy attributes the eventual success of her recording of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" to the positive listener response the track received at the first station where it was played, WDRC (AM) in Hartford, Conn. A number of the "local requests" for "I Don't Know How to Love Him" originated in Los Angeles, made by Reddy's visiting nephew—a teenage Australian actor with a penchant for different voices—and also a number of Reddy's friends, with Reddy admitting: "I may have made a call or two myself."
In April 1971 WDRC program director Charles R. Parker would relate how Reddy and Wald had visited WDRC to thank the station for its initial support of Reddy's "I Don't Know How to Love Him," with Reddy and Wald expressing how they "were more than delighted and surprised to see [the track] break on Top 40 at WDRC."
Chart impact
Reddy's recording of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" entered the national charts in March 1971 – showing in the Top Ten in Dallas and Denver that month – but its momentum was so gradual as to not effect Top 40 entry until that May; by then MCA Records had issued the original Yvonne Elliman track as a single and from 15 May 1971 to 26 June 1971 both versions were in the Top 40 with Reddy's version maintaining the upper hand peaking at No. 13 while Elliman's version peaked at No. 28. "I Don't Know How to Love Him" became Reddy's first major hit single in her native Australia, peaking at No. 2 on the Go-Set Top 40 chart for two weeks in August 1971 with an eventual ranking as the No. 8 hit for the year 1971. On Australia's Kent Music Report, the song also reached No. 2, but stayed at that position for eight consecutive weeks. The track also afforded Reddy a hit in Europe with a March 1972 peak of No. 14 in Sweden—the Swedish production of Jesus Christ Superstar had begun a record-setting run in February 1972—and an April 1972 peak of No. 23 in the Netherlands.
The success of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" led to Reddy's being signed to a long-term contract by Capitol who released her I Don't Know How to Love Him album in August 1971. The track issued as a follow-up single: a version of Van Morrison's "Crazy Love" stalled short of the Top 40 at No. 51, while the album charted with a moderate No. 100 peak; Reddy's subsequent success, however, garnered her debut album sufficient interest for it be certified as a Gold record in 1974. Also of note, the I Don't Know How to Love Him album included an initial arrangement of Reddy's signature song, "I Am Woman" which via a 1972 re-recording with a new arrangement would prove to be the vehicle to consolidate Reddy's stardom, reaching No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 dated 9 December 1972.
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Other non-theatrical versions
The earliest single version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" was that cut by Karen Wyman an artist on the roster of MCA/Decca Records the label of release for the original Jesus Christ Superstar album: Wyman's single, produced by Ken Greengrass and Peter Matz, was released in November 1970 in the US and was also released in 1970 in the UK. Introduced on her May 1971 album release One Together, Wyman's "I Don't Know How to Love Him" had reached #101 in Record World's "The Singles Chart 101–150" during a December 1970 - January 1971 eight-week tenure.
A version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" done in medley with "Everything's Alright", also from Jesus Christ Superstar, was recorded on the Happy Tiger label by a group credited as the Kimberlys; released in January 1971 the same week as the Helen Reddy version, the Kimberleys' track received enough regional attention to reach No. 99 on the Billboard Hot 100 that March.
Dutch vocalist Bojoura had a 1971 single release of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" with the song relegated to B-side status, the single's A-side being "Everything's Alright".
The appearance of Helen Reddy's version on the Billboard Hot 100 also drew the single release of the version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by Petula Clark which single – produced by Johnny Harris – would be Clark's last released on Warner Brothers.
In the British Isles "I Don't Know How to Love Him" first became a hit in the Republic of Ireland where Tina & Real McCoy took it to No. 1 in December 1971. In January 1972 the version by Petula Clark was released in the UK to chart at No. 47 marking Clark's final appearance on the UK Singles chart except for the 1988 remix of her 1964 hit "Downtown". Clark's "I Don't Know How to Love Him" was to be her final single release on Pye Records. Concurrent with Clark's version, the original Yvonne Elliman track was issued as a single on a double A-side with "Superstar" by Murray Head; this single peaked at UK No. 47. Tony Hatch, who had produced Petula Clark's hit singles of the 1960s, had produced a version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by his then-wife Jackie Trent, which was issued as a single 5 November 1971: Hatch would later produce a rendition of the song by Julie Budd for her 1972 self-titled album. A 1972 version by Sylvie McNeill on a UK 45, United Artists UA UP35415, was released (11 August) timed for the first UK stage musical of Jesus Christ Superstar; she had actually performed it on The Benny Hill Show (original air date: 23 February 1972).
Petula Clark also recorded "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in French as "La Chanson de Marie-Madeleine" which served as the title cut for a 1972 French language album which also featured Clark's version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him". "La Chanson de Marie-Madeleine" became a chart item (#66) for Clark in Quebec in March 1972 despite being bested in France by the Anne-Marie David version from the Paris cast recording which reached No. 29.
In 1972, Cilla Black recorded the song for Day by Day with Cilla – her seventh and final studio album to be produced by George Martin. Black revealed in her 2003 autobiography What's It All About how she had worked so hard to produce the song which she loved but as her record label EMI Records were having industrial action the album was delayed a year. The singer went on to explain "Disappointed though I was, there was at least a crumb of comfort for me when Tim Rice hailed my recording as 'the definitive version'." Also in 2003, Andrew Lloyd Webber wrote for the booklet of Black's compilation album The Best of 1963–78 "Her version of 'I Don't Know How To Love Him' in my opinion stands up alongside her other great songs...". Black's original vocal was remixed for her 2009 club remixes album Cilla All Mixed Up.
Shirley Bassey recorded "I Don't Know How to Love Him" for her 1972 album release And I Love You So with the track having a single release as the B-side of the title track. Johnny Harris, who'd produced Petula Clark's version of "I Don't How to Love Him", was the producer of Bassey's And I Love You So album (Noel Rogers was credited as executive producer) and on that album's "I Don't Know How to Love Him" track Harris acted as arranger/conductor.
The earliest rendering of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in Swedish was "Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" introduced on the album Frida by Anni-Frid Lyngstad which was recorded from September 1970 to January 1971: the complete album track was entitled "Allting Skall Bli Bra"/"Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" the first element referring to the Swedish rendering of the abbreviated version of "Everything's Alright" which serves as the lead-in to "Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" ("I Don't Know How to Love Him" is performed in the stage musical Jesus Christ Superstar with an abbreviated "Everything's Alright" as prelude). "Allting Skall Bli Bra"/"Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" had a belated single release in the spring of 1972 as follow-up to Lyngstad's hit "Min egen Stad": the single release of "Allting Skall Bli Bra"/"Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" put Lyngstad in competition with her future ABBA co-member Agnetha Fältskog, the latter's concurrent single release "Vart Ska Min Karlek Fora" being the Swedish rendering of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" featured in the Swedish production of Jesus Christ Superstar and Faltskog having the cachet of performing as Mary Magdalena in that stage production it was her single which became the hit, besting Lyngstad's "Allting Skall Bli Bra"/"Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" and also a cover version of "Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" by .
"I Don't Know How to Love Him" has also been recorded (with parent album) by Madeline Bell (on multi-artist album Musical Cocktail – 1995), Debra Byrne (credited as Debbie [no surname] on multi-artist album Young Talent Time by Young Talent Team – 1973), Mary Byrne (...with Love – 2011), Chelsia Chan (Dark Side of Your Mind – 1975), Judy Collins (Amazing Grace – 1985), Dana (Everything is Beautiful - 1980), Kjerstin Dellert (entitled "Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek") (Primadonna – 1977), Johnny Dorelli & Catherine Spaak (entitled "Non So Più Come Amarlo") (B-side of No. 6 Italian chart hit "Una Serata Insieme a Te" – 1973), Katja Ebstein (entitled "Wie soll ich ihn nur lieben") (Liebe – 1977), Peggy Lee (Where Did They Go? – 1971), Suzanne Lynch (Walk a Little Closer - 1973; credited as Suzanne [no surname]), Gloria Lynne (I Don't Know How to Love Him – 1976), Ginette Reno (entitled "La Chanson De Marie Madeleine") (Spécialement Pour Vous - 1976), Jeane Manson (Jeane Manson – 1993), Manuela (Songs of Love – 1971), Catherine McKinnon (Catherine McKinnon - 1976 or '77 compilation album of CBC Radio performances), (Anita Meyer (Premiere – 1987), Gitte Hænning (entitled "Jeg vil så gerne nå ham") (Gitte Hænning – 1971), (entitled "Wie soll ich ihn nur lieben") (Meisterstücke – 2001), Sinéad O'Connor (Theology – 2007), Marion Rung (entitled "Maria Magdalena" recorded 1974) (Marion, olkaa hyvä - kaikki singlet 1971-1986 – 2005), Irene Ryder (Irene - 1971), Seija Simola (entitled "Maria Magdalena") (Seija – 1972), Nancy Sinatra (Shifting Gears - 2013), Ornella Vanoni (entitled "Non So Più Come Amarlo") (single from Quei Giorni Insieme A Te – 1974), and Frances Yip (Frances Yip's Greatest Hits - 1972). Kelly Marie, who at sixteen had won four times on Opportunity Knocks singing "I Don't Know How to Love Him", recorded a disco version of the song which appears on the 2003 album Applause''.
References
External links
1970s ballads
1970 songs
1971 debut singles
English folk songs
Songs from Jesus Christ Superstar
Songs with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber
1992 singles
Yvonne Elliman songs
Helen Reddy songs
Torch songs
Decca Records singles
MCA Records singles
Capitol Records singles
Songs with lyrics by Tim Rice
Folk ballads
Sara Bareilles songs
Songs about Jesus
Cultural depictions of Mary Magdalene
Song recordings produced by Peter-John Vettese |
6901068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Ice%20Break | The Ice Break | The Ice Break is an English-language opera in three acts, with music and libretto to an original scenario by Sir Michael Tippett. The opera received its premiere at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden on 7 July 1977, conducted by Colin Davis, the dedicatee of the opera.
One meaning of the opera's title is a reference to the actual physical breaking of ice on the frozen northern rivers, signaling the advent of spring. The composer has said that the subject of the opera is "whether or not we can be reborn from the stereotypes we live in." John Warrack has noted that the work "confronts questions of stereotype on a wider scale" compared to Tippett's earlier operas, and also in a contemporary setting. Tippett himself put this line on a preface page to a published score of the opera, the opening of François Villon's Ballade des pendus::
"Brother humans who live after us, do not harden your hearts against us."
Performance history
A German translation was given at the Kiel Opera House the year following its premiere. The Opera Company of Boston staged the work in May 1979 for 3 performances, under the direction of Sarah Caldwell, in the first professional production of a Tippett opera in the USA. Covent Garden revived the opera in the same year, but was not thereafter seen until a 1990 concert production at the Henry Wood Proms in the Royal Albert Hall in 1990. A recording was made with the 1990 cast.
Birmingham Opera Company, in partnership with 45 arts and social organizations in Birmingham who provided the amateur actors to perform in the many crowd scenes in the opera, gave the second UK and third in total production of the opera, in five promenade-style performances of the opera in the B12 warehouse in the Digbeth area of central Birmingham, in April 2015. Graham Vick directed the production, with the Birmingham Opera Company Chorus and the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra conducted by Andrew Gourlay.
Roles
Synopsis
Prior to the action of the opera, Nadia had emigrated with her baby son, Yuri, after her husband, Lev, had been sentenced to the prison camps of Russia.
Act 1
The opera opens in an airport lounge, where Lev, a Russian dissident, arrives to join his wife, Nadia, and his son, Yuri, in the West in exile after 20 years in prison. In the airport also are Yuri's girlfriend Gayle and Gayle's friend Hannah, who are also waiting the arrival of the black athlete, Olympion, a Muhammad Ali-like character. Lev and Olympion separately arrive. Lev reunites with Nadia and Yuri, but Yuri feels distant from Lev, since he has never met his father as an adult. In the meantime, Gayle throws herself at Olympion, which angers Yuri and causes him to attack Olympion, who knocks him down. Back at home, Yuri expresses anger at his father.
Act 2
Among Olympion's fans, there are gang rivalries which crystallise into a conflict between blacks and whites. Gayle and Yuri wear masks and blend into the masked white chorus, while the same is true on the black side for Olympion and Hannah. The conflict explodes into a mob riot, and Olympion and Gayle die in the violence. Yuri is barely alive and is taken to hospital.
Act 3
Nadia, on the brink of death, asks Hannah to take care of Lev. In an interlude, the psychedelic messenger Astron has appeared, and a drugged-out crowd hails him as a saviour. Astron dismisses this and disappears. Back in the hospital, Yuri has undergone successful surgery, and is totally encased in a plaster cast. The cast is cut away, and Yuri stands. Yuri eventually embraces his father.
Recordings
Virgin Classics 7 91448-2: David Wilson-Johnson (Lev), Heather Harper (Nadia), Sanford Sylvan (Yuri), Carolann Page (Gayle), Cynthia Clarey (Hannah), Thomas Randle (Olympion), Bonaventura Bottone (Luke), Donald Maxwell (Lieutenant), Christopher Robson, Sarah Walker; London Sinfonietta Chorus; London Sinfonietta; David Atherton, conductor
References
Further reading
The Operas of Michael Tippett (English National Opera/Royal Opera Opera Guide 29), John Calder, 1985. .
Operas by Michael Tippett
English-language operas
1977 operas
Operas
Opera world premieres at the Royal Opera House |
6901076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fergal%20Ryan | Fergal Ryan | Fergal Ryan (born 17 February 1972) is an Irish retired hurler who played as a right corner-back for the Cork senior team.
Born in Blackrock, Cork, Ryan first played competitive hurling whilst at school at Coláiste Chríost Rí. He arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he first linked up with the Cork minor hurling team, before later joining the under-21 side. He made his senior debut during the 1992–93 National Hurling League. Ryan went on to win one All-Ireland medal, two Munster medals and one National Hurling League medal.
As a member of the Munster inter-provincial team on a number of occasions, Ryan won one Railway Cup medal. At club level he has a three-time championship medallist with Blackrock.
His uncle, Terry Kelly, had a lengthy career with Cork and Dublin.
Throughout his career Ryan made 17 championship appearances for Cork. He retired from inter-county hurling following the conclusion of the 2002 championship.
Playing career
Club
Ryan played his club hurling with Blackrock and had several successes in his more than two-decade long career. After enjoying little success in the minor and under-21 grades, he later became a member of the Rockies senior team.
After losing the senior decider in 1998, Blackrock were back in the final once again the following year. A 3–17 to 0–8 trouncing of University College Cork gave Ryan his first championship medal.
Blackrock surrendered their championship title the following year, but bounced back and returned to the decider again in 2001. Divisional side Imokilly provided the opposition, and a 4–8 to 2–7 victory gave Ryan a second championship medal.
In 2002 Blackrock reached the championship decider for a second successive year and faced an up-and-coming Newtownshandrum. A goal by Alan Browne was the key to securing a 1–14 to 0–12 victory and a first two-in-a-row since 1979. It was Ryan's third championship medal in four seasons.
Inter-county
Ryan first came to prominence on the inter-county scene as a member of the Cork minor hurling team in 1990. He made his debut in that grade against Clare in the provincial decider. A 1–9 to 0–9 victory gave Ryan a Munster medal. The subsequent All-Ireland decider pitted Cork against Kilkenny. Trailing by ten points at half-time Cork staged a comeback to draw the game 3–14 apiece. The replay four weeks later saw Ryan's side hampered as Brian Corcoran had to withdraw due to injury. Cork were beaten on that occasion and lost 3–16 to 0–11.
Three years later in 1993 Ryan was in his last season with the Cork under-21 team. He was introduced as a substitute in the provincial decider and collected a Munster medal following a 1–18 to 3–9 defeat of Limerick.
On 4 June 1995 Ryan made his senior debut for Cork in a 2–13 to 3–9 Munster semi-final defeat by Clare.
Cork qualified for the National League decider in 1998, and a 2–14 to 0–13 win over Waterford gave Ryan a National Hurling League medal.
After a seven-year hiatus Cork claimed the provincial title in 1999. A 1–15 to 0–14 defeat of three-in-a-row hopefuls Clare gave Ryan his first Munster medal. Cork later faced Kilkenny in the All-Ireland decider on 12 September 1999. Cork trailed by 0–5 to 0–4 after a low-scoring first half. Kilkenny increased the pace after the interval, pulling into a four-point lead. Cork moved up a gear and through Deane, Ben O'Connor and Seánie McGrath Cork scored five unanswered points. Kilkenny could only manage one more score – a point from a Henry Shefflin free – and Cork held out to win by 0–13 to 0–12. It was Ryan's sole All-Ireland medal. He later won an All-Star.
Ryan won a second Munster medal in 2000 as captain of the side, as Cork retained their title following a 0–23 to 3–12 defeat of Tipperary.
Inter-provincial
Ryan was also selected for Munster in the inter-provincial series of games.
After facing defeat by Connacht in his debut season in 1999, Ryan was appointed captain of the side the following year. A 3–15 to 2–15 defeat of Leinster gave him a Railway Cup medal.
Personal life
Born in Blackrock, Ryan was educated locally at Scoil Barra Naofa Buachaillí in nearby Beaumont and later attended Coláiste Chríost Rí. It was here that his interest in Gaelic games was first developed. Ryan later worked as a sales representative with United Beverages, becoming regional manager in 2003.
Honours
Player
Blackrock
Cork Senior Hurling Championship (3): 1999, 2001, 2002
Cork
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (1): 1999
Munster Senior Hurling Championship (2): 1999, 2000 (c)
National Hurling League (1): 1998
Munster Under-21 Hurling Championship (1): 1993
Munster Minor Hurling Championship (1): 1990
Munster
Railway Cup (1): 2000 (c)
Manager
Blackrock
Cork Premier Senior Hurling Championship (1): 2020
References
1972 births
Living people
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners
Blackrock National Hurling Club hurlers
Cork inter-county hurlers
Munster inter-provincial hurlers
People educated at Coláiste Chríost Rí |
20467208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Payne | Max Payne | Max Payne is a neo-noir third-person shooter video game series developed by Remedy Entertainment (Max Payne and Max Payne 2) and Rockstar Studios (Max Payne 3). The series is named after its protagonist, Max Payne, a New York City police detective turned vigilante after his family was murdered by drug addicts. The series' first and second installments were written by Sam Lake, while Max Payne 3 was primarily written by Rockstar Games' Dan Houser.
The first game of the series, Max Payne, was released in 2001 for Microsoft Windows and in 2002 for PlayStation 2, Xbox, and Apple Macintosh; a different version of the game was released for the Game Boy Advance in 2003. A sequel entitled Max Payne 2: The Fall of Max Payne was released in 2003 for PlayStation 2, Xbox and Microsoft Windows. In 2008, a movie adaption, loosely based on the original game, entitled Max Payne, was released, starring Mark Wahlberg and Mila Kunis in the roles of Max Payne and Mona Sax, respectively. Max Payne 3 was developed by Rockstar Studios and released on May 15, 2012 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, and on June 1, 2012 for Microsoft Windows.
On November 15, 2021, Microsoft announced that in celebration of 20 years of Xbox, they would be adding over 70 more games to their backwards compatibility program. Headlining these games was the Max Payne trilogy, making the games available to play on Microsoft's Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S consoles.
The franchise is notable for its use of "bullet time" in action sequences, as well as being positively received by critics, although Max Payne 2s sales were considered underwhelming. , the Max Payne franchise has sold over 7.5 million copies. The film rendition received negative reviews but was commercially successful.
On April 6, 2022, Remedy announced that a remake of Max Payne and Max Payne 2 is in development, in a development agreement with Rockstar Games. The two games will be released as a single title.
Games
Max Payne
Renegade DEA agent and former NYPD officer Max Payne attempts to hunt down the ones responsible for murdering his wife and child, as well as framing him for the murder of his NYPD partner, Alex Balder. As the story unfolds, he gains a number of "allies", including Vladimir Lem (a suave, old-fashioned Russian mobster) and Mona Sax (a vigilante who is out to avenge the death of her twin sister) and uncovers a major conspiracy involving the trafficking of a narcotic called V, or Valkyr—after the mythological figures in Norse mythology—which is somehow connected to the death of Max's family.
Max Payne 2: The Fall of Max Payne
Two years after the first game, Max Payne has rejoined the NYPD and has been cleared of the charges for his killing spree thanks to his connection to Senator Alfred Woden, the leader of a secret society called the Inner Circle. During a routine murder investigation, Max finds himself face-to-face with the fugitive Mona Sax, who reluctantly joins him in his investigation. As the two work together to uncover the truth, they begin to develop feelings for each other, and come across another major conspiracy, which this time involves Vladmir Lem, the Italian Mob, and the Inner Circle.
Max Payne 3
Nine years after the second game, Max Payne has left New York and is working on a private security detail in São Paulo, Brazil. When the wife of his employer is kidnapped by a local street gang, Max and his old friend Raul Passos join forces in an attempt to rescue her, igniting a war that will lead them to confront a larger conspiracy.
Additional titles
Remedy, with funding from Rockstar who holds the rights to the series, announced plans to remake Max Payne and Max Payne 2 for personal computers, PlayStation 5, and Xbox Series X and Series S in April 2022. At the time of the announcement, the remakes were at an early development state, and no planned release date was announced. It was confirmed that the two games will be released as a single title.
Film adaptation
Early in 2003, it was confirmed that 20th Century Fox had bought the rights to adapt the game to film. The Max Payne movie went into production in 2008 and was directed by John Moore. The movie was produced by Collision Entertainment and Firm Films in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Mark Wahlberg and Mila Kunis play the roles of Max Payne and Mona Sax respectively. Beau Bridges, Chris O'Donnell, Nelly Furtado and Ludacris have roles as B.B. Hensley, Jason Colvin, Christa Balder and Jim Bravura respectively. On July 10, 2008, a teaser trailer was released, featuring an instrumental version of the Marilyn Manson song, "If I Was Your Vampire". The film was released to theaters in the U.S. on October 17, 2008 with a PG-13 rating. While it was ranked first on its opening weekend, grossing US$18 million at the box office, the film received mainly negative reviews, having a 16% rating at Rotten Tomatoes, based on 129 reviews. In June 2022, 20th Century Studios announced that a Max Payne reboot movie is in development.
Characters
Note: A gray cell indicates that the character does not appear in that medium.
References
External links
Max Payne franchises at MobyGames
The History of Max Payne, The Escapist, May 12, 2012
Celebrate 20 years of Xbox with over 70 new Backward Compatible Games, Xbox Wire, November 15, 2021
Rockstar Games franchises
Take-Two Interactive franchises
Video game franchises
Video game franchises introduced in 2001 |
6901101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vero%20station | Vero station | Vero station, also known as Vero Beach station, is a historic Florida East Coast Railway train station in Vero Beach, Florida. It is located at 2336 Fourteenth Avenue.
History
Prior to the station, the railroad stop was known as mile marker 350. The station was built in 1903 as a 1-story Wood-Frame Vernacular building with shingle-sides. It was enlarged and remodeled 1916 and 1936.
Until a series of train terminations in the 1950s and early 1960s trains such as the City of Miami (from Chicago), East Coast Champion (from New York City) and the Havana Special (New York City) made stops at Vero Beach. Passenger service ended on July 31, 1968.
The station structure was bought from the Florida East Coast Railway by the Indian River County Historical Society in September 1984 for $1. In December 1984, it moved a short distance from the original location on the east side of the railway tracks on Commerce Avenue to 2336 14th Avenue west of the tracks.
On January 6, 1987, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places as the Vero Railroad Station. The building now hosts a county historical exhibit center.
References
External links
Vero Beach Railroad Station on Florida Historical Marker List
Railway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida
Former Florida East Coast Railway stations
National Register of Historic Places in Indian River County, Florida
Buildings and structures in Vero Beach, Florida
Transportation buildings and structures in Indian River County, Florida
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1903 |
6901121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Hits%20Collection%20%28video%29 | The Hits Collection (video) | The Hits Collection is a collection of music videos released in 1993 to accompany the Prince's greatest hits collection, The Hits/The B-Sides. Being a single VHS cassette/DVD, the collection is only an hour long and excludes many tracks from the audio release. Many of his biggest hits like "When Doves Cry", "Batdance", "U Got the Look", "Let's Go Crazy" and "Purple Rain" were left off the collection, while the karaoke-style video for "Sign o' the Times" was included. The collection included some of Prince's earliest videos, which are rarely seen on television.
Track listing
"Peach" (directed by Parris Patton)
"Uptown" (director unknown)
"1999" (directed by Bruce Gowers)
"Alphabet St." (directed by Patrick Epstein)
"Sign o' the Times" (directed by Bill Konersman)
"Diamonds and Pearls" (directed by Rebecca Blake)
"Controversy" (directed by Bruce Gowers)
"Dirty Mind" (director unknown)
"I Wanna Be Your Lover" (director unknown)
"Little Red Corvette" (directed by Bryan Greenberg)
"I Would Die 4 U" (directed by Paul Becher)
"Raspberry Beret" (directed by Prince)
"Kiss" (directed by Rebecca Blake)
"Cream" (directed by Rebecca Blake)
"7" (directed by Sotera Tschetter)
References
External links
Review at dvd.net.au
1993 video albums
Prince (musician) video albums
Music video compilation albums |
44497729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varam%20%28film%29 | Varam (film) | Varam is a 1993 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Haridas and produced by Hamsa Muhammed. The film stars Mukesh, Mohini, Sukumari and Thilakan in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Ouseppachan.
Cast
Mukesh as Eby Perera
Mohini as Neelima
Sukumari as Neelima's Aunt
Thilakan as Dr. Uncle
A. C. Zainuddin as Peter Fernadez
Ganesh Kumar as Daniel Dizuza
Janardanan as Gangadhara Menon (Neelima's Father)
Mamukkoya as patient
Beena Antony as Leena (Neelima's Friend)
Soundtrack
The music was composed by Ouseppachan and the lyrics were written by Gireesh Puthenchery.
References
1993 films
1990s Malayalam-language films
Films scored by Ouseppachan |
6901126 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overture%20%28disambiguation%29 | Overture (disambiguation) | An overture is the instrumental introduction to a dramatic, choral or, occasionally, instrumental composition.
Overture may also refer to:
Companies
Overture Networks, multi-national manufacturer of networking and telecommunications equipment
Overture Films theatrical motion picture production & distribution company
Overture Services, an Internet search engine company acquired by Yahoo! in 2003
Films
Overture (1958 film), a 1958 Canadian documentary film
Overture (1965 film), a 1965 Hungarian documentary film
The Overture, a 2004 Thai musical-drama film
Music
"Overture" (Def Leppard song), the last track on Def Leppard's debut album On Through The Night (1980)
"Overture" (The Who song), a song by The Who from the 1969 rock opera Tommy
"Overture", a song from Irving Berlin's musical Annie Get Your Gun, starring Dolores Gray as Annie Oakley
"Overture", a song from Patrick Wolf's album The Magic Position (2007)
"Overture", the instrumental introduction of Rush's song "2112" from the album of the same name, released in 1976
"Overture 1928", the second track from Dream Theater's fifth studio album, Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes From A Memory
"Overture" (Bruckner), an orchestral composition by Anton Bruckner
"Overture", a 2015 song by AJR on their album Living Room
"Overture", a 2017 song by AJR on their album The Click
”Overture”, a 2010 song by Martin O’Donnell on the soundtrack of Halo: Reach
Other uses
Overture (novel), a 2018 novel by Zlatko Topčić
Overture (video game), a 2015 action-adventure game
Overture Center, a performing arts center and art gallery in Madison, Wisconsin
Penumbra: Overture, a survival horror PC video game, the first installment of the Penumbra series by Frictional Games
Overture (software), notation software developed by Sonic Scores
Boom Overture, a supersonic jet airliner expected to be introduced around 2029
See also
Ouverture (disambiguation)
Toussaint Louverture (disambiguation) |
23572956 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n%20Ti%E1%BA%BFn%20Trung | Nguyễn Tiến Trung | Nguyễn Tiến Trung (born 1983 in Hung Ha district, Thai Binh province) is a pro-democracy activist in Vietnam. As the founder and leader of the Assembly of Vietnamese Youth for Democracy Trung has been one of the outspoken political dissidents in Vietnam. He was arrested on July 7, 2009, by the public security of Vietnam for allegedly "plotting to overthrow the government of Vietnam." The accusation was persistently rejected domestically and internationally by some Vietnam analysts such as Pham Hong Son and Carl Thayer.
Background
As a graduate of Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology in 2002, Trung went abroad to attend the Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) in France in 2002 and earned a Master's degree in Information Technology in 2007. It was during this interval that Trung took an interest in political activism, pushing for greater democracy in Vietnam.
Activism
In a bold move in February 2006, Trung petitioned the Communist Party of Vietnam Tenth Congress, followed by a letter titled “Suggestions from an ordinary student” to the Minister of Education Nguyen Minh Hien, seeking redress in the ideologically overbearing dose of politics in Vietnam's education system. There was no official response.
On May 8, 2006, Nguyễn Tiến Trung officially founded the Assembly of Vietnamese Youth for Democracy (Tập hợp Thanh niên Dân chủ, THTNDC in Vietnamese, variously translated as "Movement of Democratic Youth" and "Democratic Youth of Vietnam"), calling for students to take part in pushing for political reforms in Vietnam. The goals set forth include disseminating democratic principles, creating a forum for the exchange of political ideas, and organizing for political activism despite the still one-party state in Vietnam.
Taking advantage of the 2006 APEC summit being hosted in Hanoi, THTNDC gathered signatures in mid-2006 petitioning the APEC leaders directly. Trung himself went to Canada seeking support from Canadian dignitaries to back the movement and the demand for democratic reforms. Furthermore, Trung met with President George W. Bush in the US and the members of the European Commission, enlisting their support.
On December 25, 2006, Nguyen Tien Trung formally submitted his application to the Vietnam Democratic Party (), headed by professor Hoang Minh Chinh and Nguyen Si Binh (alias: Nguyen Trong Nghia). Trung rose in this organization and was appointed deputy secretary for the party, heading up Youth Affairs.
The THTNDC in the meantime set up a new radio channel for Vietnamese youths in March 2007, broadcasting from Yahoo blog 360, twice weekly in 15–20 minute segments. In its debut broadcast, 7000 listeners tuned in.
Shortly after his return to Vietnam in 2007, Trung was called to present for military service in March 2008. According to his mother, he declined to take the Army's honor oath as he claimed it deviated from the revolutionary spirit set forth by Ho Chi Minh. Trung was dismissed from the military on 6 July 2009 but then arrested the very next day and charged with violating the 88th article of Criminal Code, allegedly for "plotting to overthrow the government of Vietnam".
His arrest followed the detention of two other dissidents, attorney Le Cong Dinh and Tran Anh Kim, a retired Army officer.
Vietnamese response
After Trung's arrest, Vietnamese formed groups supporting him such as “Release Nguyen Tien Trung - say 1000s and 1000s of Vietnamese on FB". However the response to this group was not strong. There were around 1000 people in the group, which had signed a letter appealing for his freedom.
International response
One day after Trung's arrest, Loretta Sanchez, member of the United States House of Representatives, officially protested the Vietnamese government's action in jailing the activists.
Political analyst Carl Thayer from the University of New South Wales noted that charges of subversion are unsubstantiated while the real intent of the Communist authorities is to silence the dissidents.
In connection with Nguyen Tien Trung detention, Reporters Without Borders, a Paris-based international non-government organization, has released an official condemnation of the arrest, asserting that while the rest of the world has its attention on protests in Iran and the riots in Xinjiang, the Vietnamese Communist government had jailed a number of pro-democracy activists who had spoken out against the state even though their efforts have been peaceful. This would set Vietnam back 10 years in terms of the democratizing process. This was followed by reports that Nguyen Tien Trung was denied access to legal counsel. While in detention Trung is under coercive physical and psychological measures to "confess". The communiqué issued by Reporters Without Borders called on the international community to pressure the Vietnamese government to live up to its signatory status in respecting human rights.
On July 14, The European Union (EU) represented by The EU Troika through the ambassadors of Sweden, Spain and The European Commission formally expressed their “grave concern” over the recent arrests of Nguyen Tien Trung and Tran Anh Kim.
Other analysts asserted that the arrests of activists like Nguyen Tien Trung are part of Vietnam's synchronizing its policy with China's current repressive stance in silencing all protest.
On August 2 Nguyen Tien Trung's supporters protested publicly at the Trocadéro, Paris in an attempt to draw more attention toward his detention. Appearing in the campaign, Professor Philippe Echard, a former head of the International Relations Department of INSA, told the BBC that he, as an educator supervising international relations issues, was extremely concerned over the arrest of Nguyen Tien Trung by the Vietnamese communist government. He called for the immediate and unconditional release of Trung.
Vietnam's Government-published confessing video
In a response to the confession videotape of Nguyen Tien Trung subsequently broadcast on Vietnam's national television following his arrest, Nguyen Hoang Lan, one of members of the Democratic Party of Vietnam and the Assembly of Vietnamese Youth for Democracy, pronounced that Trung's confession, along with those of the other dissidents under detention was made under duress. The Vietnamese authorities aired the tape to "prove" Trung's complicity and counter international criticisms of his arrest.
According to a formal announcement of the Assembly of Vietnamese Youth for Democracy toward the confession tape of Nguyen Tien Trung and the other pro-democracy activists, the Assembly proclaimed the action of filming the defendant, while under investigation, appeared to be an abuse formally forbidden by law. The Assembly steadfastly articulated that no one should seem to be convicted for their crimes before an official verdict has been handed down. The Assembly called on Vietnam's government to respect the democratic processes in the legal proceedings against all of the defendants. The members of the Assembly of Vietnamese Youth for Democracy have been supporting Nguyen Tien Trung and others arrested for peaceful activism; so far their detentions have not resulted in charges or trial. The Assembly has formally made another appeal to the government for the immediate and unconditional release of the arrested activists, on the grounds of respect for Vietnam's constitution and international conventions.
He was released in April, 2014 to be returned to his home under local supervision and serve the remaining three years under house arrest.
See also
Assembly of Vietnamese Youth for Democracy
Human rights in Vietnam
References
External links
Vietnam's new dissidents thrive via Internet
Two men arrested for anti-state activities
Vietnam: More dissidents arrested
Carlyle A. Thayer in The University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Đài Tiếng nói thanh niên trên blog Yahoo 360 độ.
Viet Youth for Democracy
Bạn gái Nguyễn Tiến Trung nói anh 'làm đúng', on BBC.
Thư gửi Bộ trưởng Giáo dục của Nguyễn Tiến Trung, on BBC
Dissident’s acts against State published Những kẻ phản động trong số du học sinh on Vietnamese state Daily News
Upcoming movement for Nguyen Tien Trung's freedom in Trocadéro Square(Paris) at 3PM on August 2, 2009.
Comité pour la libération de Nguyễn Tiến Trung le 2 août 2009 à Paris
Vietnamese dissidents
Vietnamese democracy activists
1983 births
Living people
Prisoners and detainees of Vietnam
Vietnamese prisoners and detainees |
6901129 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Mendoza | Arthur Mendoza | Arthur Mendoza is an American acting coach. He has taught in Los Angeles for 10 years and has worked with such talents as Khandi Alexander, Sasha Barrese, and John Jopson. He has performed in film and Our House and the film Deep Cover.
Education
Mendoza earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from University of California, Riverside, and an MFA from University of California, San Diego. He studied with Stella Adler for 10 years before becoming the founding principal instructor at her studio in Hollywood.
Career
Mendoza is the founder, artistic director and principal acting instructor at the Actors Circle Theatre in Los Angeles, California. He has directed productions at the Actors Circle Theatre, including The Glass Menagerie.
Mendoza coaches at the Santa Monica Playhouse, continuing his and Stella Adler's legacy of the Stanislavsky Method, finding an indirect pathway to emotional expression via physical action.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
American male stage actors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of California, Riverside alumni
University of California, San Diego alumni
American acting coaches
People from Loma Linda, California |
23572958 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanhopea%20shuttleworthii | Stanhopea shuttleworthii | Stanhopea shuttleworthii is a species of orchid endemic to Colombia (Tolima).
References
External links
shuttleworthii
Endemic orchids of Colombia
Flora of Tolima Department |
44497731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945%20French%20legislative%20election%20in%20Gabon%E2%80%93Moyen%20Congo | 1945 French legislative election in Gabon–Moyen Congo | Elections to the French National Assembly were held in Gabon and French Congo on 21 October 1945, with a second round of voting on 18 November. Gabriel d'Arboussier and Jean-Félix Tchicaya were elected.
Electoral system
The two seats allocated to the constituency were elected on two separate electoral rolls; French citizens elected one MP from the first college, whilst non-citizens elected one MP in the second college.
Campaign
The election campaign was largely a contest between three large ethnic groups; the Fang of Gabon, the Mbochi in the north of Congo and the Vili from the Pointe-Noire coastal area. One other large group, the Kongo, refused to vote or wrote the name of the religious figure André Matsoua (who had died in prison in 1942) on the ballot paper.
The Fang candidate was Jean-Hilaire Aubame, whilst the Vili candidate was Jean-Félix Tchicaya.
Results
First college
Second college
Aftermath
Following the elections, Senegalese MP Lamine Guèye attempted to persuade all the African MPs to form an African Bloc, which would be affiliated with the SFIO. However, the attempt failed, and although Tchicaya did sit with the SFIO, d'Arboussier joined the MUR.
References
Gabon
October 1945 events in Africa
Elections in Gabon
Elections in the Republic of the Congo
1945 in Gabon
1945 in French Equatorial Africa
1945 elections in France |
6901134 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamonds%20and%20Pearls%20Video%20Collection | Diamonds and Pearls Video Collection | Diamonds and Pearls Video Collection is a collection of music videos compiled to accompany and further promote Prince's hit album Diamonds and Pearls. The collection was originally released in VHS format on October 6, 1992, and finally saw a DVD release on August 22, 2006 (the same release date as Prince's Ultimate collection). The collection contains videos for most of the songs on the album, with the exception of "Daddy Pop", "Walk, Don't Walk" and "Push". Two tracks included that were not on the album were "Call the Law", which was a B-side to the single release of "Money Don't Matter 2 Night" and "Dr. Feelgood", a cover version. Four of the clips were live concert performances: "Thunder", "Dr. Feelgood", "Jughead" and "Live 4 Love". The DVD release did not contain any extras from the VHS version.
Track listing
"Gett Off" (directed by Randee St. Nicholas)
"Cream" (directed by Rebecca Blake)
"Diamonds and Pearls" (directed by Rebecca Blake)
"Call the Law" (directed by Scott McCullough)
"Willing and Able" (directed by Sotera Tschetter)
"Insatiable" (directed by Randee St. Nicholas)
"Strollin'" (directed by Scott McCullough)
"Money Don't Matter 2 Night" (directed by Spike Lee, co-directed by Sotera Tschetter)
"Thunder" (live)
"Dr. Feelgood" (live)
"Jughead" (live)
"Live 4 Love" (live)
References
1992 video albums
Prince (musician) video albums
Music video compilation albums |
23572959 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real%20estate%20development | Real estate development | Real estate development, or property development, is a business process, encompassing activities that range from the renovation and re-lease of existing buildings to the purchase of raw land and the sale of developed land or parcels to others. Real estate developers are the people and companies who coordinate all of these activities, converting ideas from paper to real property. Real estate development is different from construction or housebuilding, although many developers also manage the construction process or engage in housebuilding.
Developers buy land, finance real estate deals, build or have builders build projects, develop projects in joint venture, create, imagine, control, and orchestrate the process of development from the beginning to end. Developers usually take the greatest risk in the creation or renovation of real estate and receive the greatest rewards. Typically, developers purchase a tract of land, determine the marketing of the property, develop the building program and design, obtain the necessary public approval and financing, build the structures, and rent out, manage, and ultimately sell it.
Sometimes property developers will only undertake part of the process. For example, some developers source a property and get the plans and permits approved before selling the property with the plans and permits to a builder at a premium price. Alternatively, a developer that is also a builder may purchase a property with the plans and permits in place so that they do not have the risk of failing to obtain planning approval and can start construction on the development immediately.
Developers work with many different counterparts along each step of this process, including architects, city planners, engineers, surveyors, inspectors, contractors, lawyers, leasing agents, etc. In the Town and Country Planning context in the United Kingdom, 'development' is defined in the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 s55.
History
Credentials
Many aspects of the real estate development process require local or state licensing, such as acting as a real estate broker or sales agent. A real estate developer is not a professional designation; there are no schools or associations who recognize or protect the term as a trademark.
Paths for entering the development field
No single path automatically leads to success in real estate development. Developers come from a variety of disciplines— construction, urban planning, lending, architecture, law and accounting, among others. Recent specialized programs that award a Master of Real Estate Development (MRED) degree are also available. The graduate programs in real estate development are the most comprehensive education in the real estate industry. Other formal education includes a Master of Science in Real Estate (MSRE), or an MBA.
Organizing for development
A development team can be put together in one of several ways. At one extreme, a large company might include many services, from architecture to engineering. At the other end of the spectrum, a development company might consist of one principal and a few staff who hire or contract with other companies and professionals for each service as needed.
Assembling a team of professionals to address the environmental, economic, private, physical and political issues inherent in a complex development project is critical. A developer's success depends on the ability to coordinate and lead the completion of a series of interrelated activities efficiently and at the appropriate time.
Development process requires skills of many professionals: architects, landscape architects, civil engineers and site planners to address project design; market consultants to determine demand and a project's economics; attorneys to handle agreements and government approvals; environmental consultants and soils engineers to analyze a site's physical limitations and environmental impacts; surveyors and title companies to provide legal descriptions of a property; and lenders to provide financing. The general contractor of the project hires subcontractors to put the architectural plans into action.
Land development
Purchasing unused land for a potential development is sometimes called speculative development.
Subdivision of land is the principal mechanism by which communities are developed. Technically, subdivision describes the legal and physical steps a developer must take to convert raw land into developed land. Subdivision is a vital part of a community's growth, determining its appearance, the mix of its land uses, and its infrastructure, including roads, drainage systems, water, sewerage, and public utilities.
Land development can pose the most risk, but can also be the most profitable technique as it is dependent on the public sector for approvals and infrastructure and because it involves a long investment period with no positive cash flow.
After subdivision is complete, the developer usually markets the land to a home builder or other end user, for such uses as a warehouse or shopping center. In any case, use of spatial intelligence tools mitigate the risk of these developers by modeling the population trends and demographic make-up of the sort of customers a home builder or retailer would like to have surrounding their new development.
See also
Gentrification
Land consumption
Property investment calculator
Real estate bubble
Real estate business
Shared ranch
Urban sprawl
References
Architecture
Construction
Real estate |
6901140 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAS%20Ipswich | HMAS Ipswich | Two ships of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) have been named HMAS Ipswich, for the city of Ipswich, Queensland.
, a Bathurst-class corvette launched in 1941 and transferred to the Royal Netherlands Navy in 1946
, a Fremantle-class patrol boat which entered service in 1982 and was decommissioned in 2007
Battle honours
Ships named HMAS Ipswich are entitled to carry five battle honours:
Pacific 1942
Indian Ocean 1942–45
Sicily 1943
East Indies 1944
Okinawa 1945
References
Royal Australian Navy ship names |
6901153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takatsuki-class%20destroyer | Takatsuki-class destroyer | The Takatsuki class destroyer was a vessel of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. It was the predecessor of the , and was mainly used for anti-submarine warfare duties.
In 1985-1988, Takatsuki and Kikuzuki were upgraded with Sea Sparrow SAM launchers, Harpoon missile anti-ship missile launchers, Phalanx CIWS systems (Kikuzuki only), new FCS (FCS-2-12) fire control radar and TASS. Mochizuki and Nagatsuki were in the upgrade program, but were eventually not upgraded.
Ships
Books
The Maru Special, Ships of the JMSDF No.57 Takatsuki class escort vessels, Ushio Shobō (Japan), November 1981
The Maru Special, Ships of the JMSDF No.78 Electronics weapons, Power Plants and Helicopters, Ushio Shobō (Japan), August 1983
Destroyer classes |
6901164 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soloveitchik | Soloveitchik | Soloveitchik ( ) (also Soloveichik) is a surname. The name is a diminutive form of the Russian word соловей, "nightingale", since the Soloveitchiks are a family of Levites, who are commanded by the Torah to sing in the Beit Hamikdash. It is notably the name of a rabbinic family descended from Yosef Dov Soloveitchik (Beis Halevi) (1820-1892). Members include:
Ahron Soloveichik (1917–2001)
Avraham Yehoshua Soloveitchik
Bar Soloveychik (born 2000), Israeli swimmer
Berel Soloveitchik (1915–1981)
Chaim Soloveitchik (1853–1918)
Eliyahu Soloveitchik (Elijah Zevi) (1805–1881)
Haym Soloveitchik (born 1937), American
Joseph B. Soloveitchik (1903–1993), American Orthodox rabbi, Talmudist, and modern Jewish philosopher.
Max Soloveichik (1883-1957), Lithuanian-Jewish Zionist activist, journalist, and a politician
Meir Soloveichik (born 1977), American
Moshe Soloveichik (1879–1941)
Moshe Soloveitchik (Zurich) (1914-1995)
Meshulam Dovid Soloveitchik (1921-2021)
Peter Salovey (born 1958) (unlike the other names listed here, Salovey is not a descendant of Yosef Dov Soloveitchik, but rather of his uncle Eliyahu Zevi)
Samuel Soloveichik (1909–1967)
Yitzchok Zev Soloveitchik (1886–1959)
Yosef Dov Soloveitchik (Beis Halevi)
Family tree
See also
Brisk tradition and Soloveitchik dynasty
Vorobeichik
External links
TheRav.Net Resources on Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik zt'l
Jewish families
Jewish surnames
Slavic-language surnames
Russian-language surnames
Levite surnames
Yiddish-language surnames |
44497732 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galadriel%20Stineman | Galadriel Stineman | Galadriel Lynn Putthoff Stineman is an American actress and model. She is best known for her roles as Gwen Tennyson in Ben 10: Alien Swarm and as Cassidy Finch in The Middle.
Early life
Stineman was born in Cincinnati and named after the character Galadriel in The Lord of the Rings, which her mother read while pregnant. She completed her high-school education at Newport Central Catholic High School, in Newport, Kentucky. She was a cheerleader, dancer and horseback rider while at school. Although she participated in the drama club, she never captured a starring role in any play at school level.
She grew up in Northern Kentucky, where her father was a tennis player as well as a teacher and her mother, a nurse. She then attended Northern Kentucky University. As a very involved undergrad, she was president of Delta Zeta sorority, vice president of student government and named "Outstanding Senior of the Year". It was during her time at NKU that she became involved in student films and eventually signed with a couple local talent agencies to pick up extra money. She graduated magna cum laude in 2007 from the College of Informatics.
Career
Stineman moved to Los Angeles after graduation and made her debut in Fame (2009) as a dancer. Her breakthrough came when she portrayed Gwen Tennyson in Ben 10: Alien Swarm (2009), a science fiction action film by Alex Winter based on the Cartoon Network animated series Ben 10: Alien Force. She was the second actress to play the part of Gwen. Stineman had been involved in major projects since 2009. She played Audra in Junkyard Dog (2010) and Cassidy in The Middle (2012–14)
Personal life
Stineman is married to actor Kevin Joy and they have two sons, Atticus and Sawyer.
Filmography
Video games
References
External links
Living people
American television actresses
Actresses from Cincinnati
Actresses from Kentucky
American film actresses
21st-century American actresses
American voice actresses
American video game actresses
Northern Kentucky University alumni
Newport Central Catholic High School alumni
1984 births |
6901170 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobbi%20Humphrey | Bobbi Humphrey | Barbara Ann "Bobbi" Humphrey (born April 25, 1950) is an American jazz flautist and singer who plays jazz fusion, funk, and soul-jazz. She has recorded twelve albums and founded the jazz label Paradise Sounds Records. In 1971, she was the first female instrumentalist signed by Blue Note.
Early life
Humphrey was born in Marlin, Texas, and raised in Dallas. She graduated from Lincoln High School, Dallas, in 1968. Her flute education included classical and jazz in high school. She continued her studies at Texas Southern University and Southern Methodist University. Dizzy Gillespie saw her play at a talent contest at Southern Methodist and inspired her to pursue a music career in New York City. She followed his advice, moving to New York in June 1971 and getting her first break performing at the Apollo Theater on Amateur Night.
Career
Within weeks of arriving in New York, Humphrey was signed by George Butler to Blue Note. She had already begun playing regularly throughout the city, including joining Herbie Mann on stage in Central Park and an impromptu performance on The Tonight Show. She was asked to join the final band of trumpeter Lee Morgan, performing on his last Blue Note album in 1971. Morgan contributed to Humphrey's first album, Flute In, in 1971.
She has played with Duke Ellington and George Benson. Benson and Humphrey were guest musicians on Stevie Wonder's single "Another Star" from his Songs in the Key of Life (1976) album. In 1976, she was named Best Female Instrumentalist by Billboard magazine.
Humphrey has played at the Apollo Theatre, Hollywood Bowl, Carnegie Hall, Montreux Jazz Festival, Russian River Jazz Festival (Northern California). She cites Hubert Laws, Herbie Mann, and James Moody as influences.
Blacks and Blues, recorded in 1973 with the Mizell Brothers, was one of her biggest selling albums for Blue Note. On this album she shifted from the straight ahead jazz of her first two albums produced by George Butler. She sought out the Mizell Brothers after their work on Donald Byrd's Black Byrd, which combined funk with jazz. Blacks and Blues was recorded in three days at the Sound Factory. In "Harlem River Drive" and other tracks, Humphrey's playing was improvised. As Humphrey recalled in an interview in 2006, "In other words, they would play the track in the background and just tell me to play to it. There was no written melody. Growing up, the music they listened to was doo-wop. And from that background, they intrinsically understood harmony. So they would already have the chord changes and background vocals laid out. I just played what I felt off the top of my head against that." Humphrey sings vocals on "Just a Love Child" and the album's last track, "Baby's Gone".
Satin Doll, recorded in 1974, continued her combination of soul jazz and funk. The album was dedicated to Duke Ellington, who died shortly before the album was released, and its cover art features Humphrey's daughter, Ricci Lynn. Fancy Dancer marked Humphrey's third and final collaboration with the Mizell Brothers. It includes Latin percussion and harp instrumentation by Dorothy Ashby. For her next album, Tailor Made, she switched to Epic.
Despite high album sales, Humphrey did not see much of her Blue Note albums' financial success. In 1977, she moved into the business side of the music industry. She incorporated Innovative Artist Management as well as a publishing business, The Bobbi Humphrey Music Company, which signed an agreement with Warner Bros. in 1990. Humphrey brought Tevin Campbell into the music industry and was involved in his negotiations with Warner Bros. In 1994 Humphrey started her label, Paradise Sounds Records, releasing Passion Flute.
Humphrey's work, especially Blacks and Blues, has been sampled by Eric B. & Rakim, Grand Puba, Digable Planets, Mobb Deep, Ludacris, and Ice-T. In 2002, Common invited her to play on his album Electric Circus.
Discography
As a sidewoman
with Lee Morgan:
The Last Session (Blue Note, 1971)
With Stevie Wonder
Songs in the Key of Life (Tamla, 1976)
Recording notes
Humphrey's last album for Epic was The Good Life, recorded in 1978/79 at Rosebud Recording Studios, New York. The album is notable for the list of supporting musicians that included Richard Tee, Eric Gale, Ralph MacDonald (who produced the album), Christopher Parker, and a young Marcus Miller.
References
External links
Bobbi Humphrey at Jazz Museum in Harlem
1950 births
Living people
People from Marlin, Texas
Singers from Texas
Jazz musicians from Texas
American jazz flautists
20th-century African-American women singers
Soul-jazz musicians
Soul-jazz flautists
Blue Note Records artists
Epic Records artists
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
20th-century flautists |
20467212 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Devil%27s%20Game%20%28film%29 | The Devil's Game (film) | The Devil's Game (; lit. "The Game") is a 2008 South Korean film.
Plot
Struggling artist Min Hee-do (Shin Ha-kyun), is offered three billion won to bet his life to a game against a rich old man, Kang No-sik (Byun Hee-bong), who is dying from a terminal illness. The game is for each man to dial a random phone number and guess if the person who answers will be male or female. He loses the bet, and after a monthlong brain operation, he wakes up to find that they have swapped bodies.
Cast
Shin Ha-kyun ... Min Hee-do
Byun Hee-bong ... Kang No-sik
Lee Hye-young ... Lee Hye-rin, No-sik's wife
Son Hyun-joo ... Min Tae-seok, Hee-do's uncle
Lee Eun-sung ... Joo Eun-ah, Hee-do's girlfriend
Jang Hang-sun ... Park Chang-ha
Kim Hyeok ... Secretary Mr. Ahn
Choo Sang-rok ... Dr. Kim
Maeng Bong-hak ... Trustee Mr. Yoon
Jo Cheong-ho ... President Kim
Release
The Devil's Game was released in South Korea on 31 January 2008, and topped the box office on its opening weekend with 361,650 admissions. As of 31 March 2008 it had received a total of 1,496,215 admissions, and as of 16 March 2008 grossed a toal of .
References
External links
2008 films
2000s Korean-language films
South Korean thriller drama films
2000s South Korean films |
23572968 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milano%20trema%3A%20la%20polizia%20vuole%20giustizia | Milano trema: la polizia vuole giustizia | The Violent Professionals (Italian: Milano trema: la polizia vuole giustizia) is a 1973 Italian Poliziotteschi gangster film directed by Sergio Martino. The film stars Luc Merenda (Giorgio Caneparo) who goes undercover as a getaway driver for the mob so he can wage a one-man war on crime to avenge the death of father-figure cop Gianni (Silvano Tranquilli).
In 2009 Empire Magazine named it #9 in a poll of the "20 Greatest Gangster Movies You've Never Seen* (*Probably)".
Cast
Luc Merenda as Commissioner Giorgio Caneparo
Richard Conte as Padulo aka Salassolio
Silvano Tranquilli as Gianni Viviani
Carlo Alighiero as Commissioner Nicastro
Martine Brochard as Maria
Chris Avram as Commissioner Del Buono
Lia Tanzi as the prostitute
Antonio Casale as Casardi
Luciano Rossi as Cruciani
Release
The Violent Professionals was released in Italy on August 22, 1973 where it was distributed by Interfilm. It was a box office hit in Italy where it grossed a total of 1,162,424,000 Italian lire.
The film has been released in an English-language friendly DVD by Wild East and as a double feature from Alpha Video with Deadly Drifter.
See also
List of Italian films of 1973
Footnotes
References
External links
Film locations in Milan
Films directed by Sergio Martino
Police detective films
1970s crime films
Poliziotteschi films
1973 films
Films set in Milan
Films with screenplays by Ernesto Gastaldi
Films produced by Luciano Martino
1970s Italian films |
23572973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanhopea%20stevensonii | Stanhopea stevensonii | Stanhopea stevensonii is a species of orchid endemic to Colombia (Meta).
References
External links
stevensonii
Endemic orchids of Colombia
Flora of Meta Department |
23572992 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardov | Bernardov | Bernardov is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
20467220 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forrabury%20and%20Minster | Forrabury and Minster | Forrabury and Minster is a civil parish on the north coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The parish was originally divided between the coastal parish of Forrabury and inland parish of Minster until they were united on the 1st of April 1919.
The parish was in the Registration District of Camelford. It is bounded to the north by the Atlantic; to the east by the parishes of St Juliot, Lesnewth and Davidstow; to the south by Camelford parish (ecclesiastical parish of Lanteglos by Camelford); and to the west by Trevalga parish. The population of Forrabury and Minster parish in the 2001 census was 888, which decreased slightly to 838 at the 2011 census.
Settlements and churches
Boscastle is the principal settlement in the parish of Forrabury and Minster. It is 14 miles (23 kilometres) south of Bude and 5 miles (8 kilometres) north-east of Tintagel. Forrabury parish church, dedicated to St Symphorian, is in Boscastle at .
However, the mother church of Boscastle is dedicated to St Materiana and nestles among the trees of Minster Wood in the valley of the River Valency half-a-mile east of Boscastle at . The original Forrabury / Minster boundary crossed the river so the harbour end of the village was in Forrabury and the upriver area in Minster. The churches were established some time earlier than the settlement at Boscastle (in Norman times when a castle was built there). The Celtic name of Minster was Talkarn but it was renamed Minster in Anglo-Saxon times because of a monastery on the site. Until the Reformation St Materiana's tomb was preserved in the church. (Another spelling of her name sometimes used is 'Mertheriana' but the usual Latin form is Materiana.) In 1187 the advowson of Forrabury Church was granted to the newly founded Hartland Abbey by William de Botreaux of Boscastle, who also gave the Abbey the advowsons of other of his manors in Devon. For many years the Anglican parishes of Forrabury and Minster have been in the charge of a Rector who is responsible for a group of adjoining parishes as well as these. Minster Church was damaged by the flood of August 2004 and in the following year archaeological work was done at the church to obtain a clearer idea of the history of the building.
Notable buildings and antiquities
Minster church was built in Norman times (some late medieval additions and restoration work carried out in the 19th century): it is listed Grade I. Forrabury church also has some Norman work but the tower was added in 1750. The Rev R. S. Hawker wrote a poem on "The Bells of Forrabury": it was based on a local legend arising from the absence of a peal of bells in the tower. At Welltown in Forrabury parish is a manor house dating from about 1640 and at Worthyvale and Redevallen in Minster parish are two manor houses also of the 17th century. Not far from Worthyvale is an inscribed stone (Latini [h]ic iacit filius Macari = Latin son of Macarus lies here). This stone is popularly known as King Arthur's Grave due to the erroneous identification of Slaughter Bridge with the site of Camlann. At Waterpit Down (on the road towards Launceston in Minster parish) are the remains of a cross probably from the 10th century. Camelford railway station (now occupied by the British Cycling Museum) was built in 1893 and was closed in 1966. (Though named after nearby Camelford it was in Minster parish.)
Views in Forrabury and Minster
Bibliography
Maclean, Sir John, The Parochial and Family History of the Parishes of Forrabury and Minster in the County of Cornwall, 1873 (part of MacLean's Parochial and Family History of ... Trigg Minor)
Armstrong, W. J. C., A Rambler's Guide to Boscastle; Together with St Juliot, Lesnewth [and] Trevalga; 2nd ed., 1931, privately printed at Boscastle
References
External links
Parish council website
Information about an archeological project on the area
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Boscastle |
23573000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaun%20McKernan | Shaun McKernan | Shaun McKernan (born 1 September 1990) is a former Australian rules footballer having played for the St Kilda Football Club, Essendon Football Club and the Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).
AFL career
Adelaide
McKernan was drafted by with pick 28 in the 2008 national draft. McKernan showed glimpses of his potential but soft tissue injuries and untimely suspensions meant he failed to cement a regular AFL spot. After six seasons and 34 games with the club, Adelaide delisted him.
Essendon
He joined with pick 12 in the 2014 rookie draft. In November 2016, McKernan was delisted by Essendon, however, he was re-drafted by Essendon in the 2017 rookie draft. McKernan was mainly used as a forward target with the occasional role of relieving in the ruck. McKernan played 16 games in 2019, of which nine were victories and was selected in the Bombers' Elimination Final team. In that season he also kicked 4 goals twice; against Melbourne in round three and Gold Coast in round 19. In a Covid-interrupted season, McKernan played nine of a possible 17 games for the Bombers for four wins, four losses and a draw. Of his final season at Essendon in 2020, McKernan admitted that he had 'fallen out love with the game' and that he "wasn’t happy with how my time finished at Essendon." McKernan wasn't interviewed as part of Essendon's football review at the end of 2020, of which he stated "for [Essendon] is probably a good thing because I would have been pretty honest." Essendon ultimately delisted McKernan and five others on 20 September 2020.
St Kilda
On 6 November 2020, McKernan joined St Kilda as a Free Agent. McKernan was courted by a number of clubs including Melbourne, but ultimately signed for the Saints. McKernan preferenced the Saints due to their closer proximity to his home, compared with Melbourne's training base at Casey Fields. McKernan was brought in primarily as injury coverage for the Saints' forwards.
With 1 round remaining in the 2021 season McKernan announced his retirement after not being offered a contract for 2022.
Family
He is the younger brother of North Melbourne premiership ruckman and Leigh Matthews Trophy winner Corey McKernan.
Statistics
Statistics are correct to the end of 2020.
|-
| scope="row" | 2009 || || 35
| 1 || — || 1 || 4 || 4|| 8 || 2 || 3 || — || — || 1.0 || 4.0 || 4.0 || 8.0|| 2.0 || 3.0 || 0.0
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
| scope="row" | 2010 || || 35
| 0 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || -
|-
| scope="row" | 2011 || || 35
| 16 || 10 || 8 || 98 || 38 || 136 || 60 || 24 || 92 ||0.6|| 0.5||6.1 ||2.4 ||8.5 ||3.7 ||1.5 ||5.7
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
| scope="row" | 2012 || || 35
| 6 || 3 || 4 || 28 || 22 || 50 || 9 || 4 || 85 || 0.5 ||0.7 || 4.7 || 3.6 ||8.3 || 1.5 || 0.7 || 14.2
|-
| scope="row" | 2013 || || 35
| 9 || 7 || 10 || 62 || 44|| 106 || 35 || 22 || 73 || 0.8 || 1.1 || 6.9 || 4.9 || 11.8 || 3.9 || 2.4 || 8.1
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
| scope="row" | 2014 || || 35
| 2 || 1 || 1 || 10 || 11 || 21 || 3 || 3 || 10 || 0.5 || 0.5 || 5.0 || 5.5 || 10.5 || 1.5 || 1.5 ||6.0
|-
| scope="row" | 2015 || || 44
| 9 || 6 || 3 || 86 || 79 || 165 || 34 || 14 || 206 || 0.7 || 0.3 || 9.6 || 8.8 || 18.5 || 3.8 || 1.6 ||22.9
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
| scope="row" | 2016 || || 44
| 6 || 4 || 1 || 44 || 21 || 65|| 20 || 8 || 41 || 07 || 0.2 || 7.3|| 3.5 || 10.8 || 3.3 || 1.3 ||6.8
|-
| scope="row" | 2017 || || 44
| 3 || 3 ||- || 18 || 19 || 37 || 12 || 3 || 51 || 1.0 || 0.0 || 6.0 || 6.3 || 12.3 || 4.0 || 2.3 || 17.0
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
| scope="row" | 2018 || || 44
| 10 || 16 || 11|| 95 || 38 || 133 || 56 || 21 || 81 || 1.6 || 1.1 ||9.5 || 3.8 || 13.3 || 5.6 || 2.1 ||8.1
|-
| scope="row" | 2019 || || 44
| 16 || 17 || 11 || 136 || 58 || 194 || 81 || 30 || 116 || 1.1 || 0.7 || 8.5|| 3.6 || 12.1 || 5.1 || 1.9 ||7.3
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
| scope="row" | 2020 || || 44
| 9 || 5 || 6 || 48 || 24 || 72 || 31 || 11 ||41 || 0.6 || 0.7 || 5.3 || 2.7 || 8.0 || 3.4 || 1.2 || 4.6
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan=3| Career
! 87 !! 72 !! 56 !! 629 !! 358 !! 987 !! 343 !! 147 !! 798 !! 0.8 !! 0.6 !! 7.2 !! 4.1 !! 11.3 !! 3.9 !! 1.7 !!9.2
|}
References
External links
1990 births
Living people
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Adelaide Football Club players
Calder Cannons players
Adelaide Football Club (SANFL) players
Essendon Football Club players
St Kilda Football Club players
Sandringham Football Club players |
23573003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Change%20for%20the%20Better | A Change for the Better | A Change for the Better is a 1969 novel by English writer Susan Hill, published by Hamish Hamilton.
Plot
The novel is set one November in a seaside town where Deirdrie Fount and her mother Winifred Oddicott run a drapery shop. Deirdre's 11-year-old
son James never knew his father as they divorced shortly after his birth, but he often wonders about his father.
Also in the town are Major Bertram Carpenter and his wife Flora who are residents in a large plush hotel. Bertram met his elderly friend Mr Isepp every couple of days but when the Carpenters return from a cruise from the West Indies he finds that his friend is ill. Bertram visits him at the hospital where Mr Isepp dies - Bertram is shocked by his friends death, aware of his own mortality and also blames the doctors...
Meanwhile, Aubrey Fount, James' father is staying at the hotel where he plans to meet Deirdre and to introduce himself to his son James.
References
Novels by Susan Hill
1969 British novels
Hamish Hamilton books |
23573011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bludov%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Bludov (Kutná Hora District) | Bludov is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 20 inhabitants.
History
The first written mention of Bludov is from 1550.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyfox%20Aviation%20Skyfox | Skyfox Aviation Skyfox |
The Skyfox Aviation Skyfox is an Australian ultralight cabin monoplane designed by Skyfox Aviation of Queensland and first flown in 1989. Originally sold as an ultralight it was later produced for general aviation use.
Design and development
The Skyfox is a high-wing braced monoplane with a conventional tailwheel landing gear with a fixed tailwheel. It has a welded steel fuselage with fabric covering. The wings can be folded when not in use along the side of the fuselage.
Originally built to meet Australian ultralight regulations the latter CA-25 is built to JAR-VLA rules.
Variants
CA-21
Volkswagen-engined variant, production ended in 1991
CA-22
Ultralight variant with a Rotax 912 engine.
CA-25 Impala
General aviation variant
CA-25N Gazelle
CA-25 with nosewheel landing gear.
Specifications (CA-25)
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
1980s Australian ultralight aircraft |
44497758 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgundian%20treaty%20of%201548 | Burgundian treaty of 1548 | The Burgundian treaty of 1548 (ratified on 26 June), also known as the Transaction of Augsburg, settled the status of the Habsburg Netherlands within the Holy Roman Empire.
History
Essentially the work of Viglius van Aytta, it represents a first step towards the emergence of the Netherlands as an independent territory. It was made possible politically by the French loss of Artois and Flanders. Administratively, a chancellery and tribunal was established at Mechelen which for the first time had as its jurisdiction "the Netherlands" exclusively.
The treaty resulted in a significant shift of territories from the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle to the Burgundian Circle. The newly formed administrative division of the empire now united all Burgundian territories, which were no longer subject to the Reichskammergericht.
To compensate for its territorial gain, the Burgundian Circle was now obliged to pay taxes equivalent to those of two prince-electorates, and in war taxes towards the Turkish Wars even equivalent to three prince-electorates.
To ensure that the Burgundian territory now united in the Burgundian Circle would remain under a single administration, Charles V in the following year promulgated the Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 which declared the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands a single indivisible possession not to be divided in future inheritance.
The consequence of these attempts at reducing the fragmentation of the government of the Holy Roman Empire was the separation of the Netherlands as an entity apart from the remaining empire, forming an important step towards the formation of the Dutch Republic in 1581.
Territories
The treaty, written in New Latin, stipulates in Article 15 that the territories mentioned are to become a single unit that will be passed on undivided to the next generations after Charles V (speaking in majestic plural) through hereditary succession:
(original text) Nimirum, nos veros, haereditarios & supremos Dominos dictarum nostrarum provinciarum Patrimonialium Belgicarum, pro Nobis, nostris haeredibus & successoribus, simul dictae nostrae Provinciae Patrimoniales Belgicae, nominatim Ducatus Lotharingiae, Brabantiae, Limburgi, Luxemburgi, Geldriae; Comitatus Flandriae, Artesiae, Burgundiae, Hannoniae, Hollandiae, Selandiae, Namurci, Zutphaniae; Marchionatus S. R. Imperii, Dominia Frisiae, Ultraiecti, Transisalaniae, Groningae, Falcomontis, Dalhemii, Salinis, Mechliniae & Traecti, una cum omnibus eorundem appendicibus & incorporationibus, Principatibus, Praelaturis, Dignitatibus, Comitatibus, Baroniis & Dominiis ad ea pertinentibus Vasallis & appendicibus, futuros in posterum & semper sub protectione, custodia, conservatione & auxilio Imperatorum & Regum Romanorum & S. R. I. eosque fruituros libertatibus ac iuribus eiusdem, & per dictos Imperatores & Reges Romanorum, & status dicti S. R. I. semper, sicut alii Principes, status & membra eiusdem Imperii, defendos, conservandos, fovendos, & fideliter iuvandos.
(modern English) Evidently, our aforementioned Patrimonial Belgian Provinces, for Ourselves, our heirs and successors, us [being] the real, hereditary and supreme Lords of our aforementioned Patrimonial Belgian provinces, namely the Duchies of Lotharingia, Brabant, Limburg, Luxemburg, and Guelders; the Counties of Flanders, Artois, Burgundy, Hainaut, Holland, Zeeland, Namur, and Zutphen; the March of the Holy Roman Empire; the Lordships of Frisia, Utrecht, Overijssel, Groningen, Valkenburg, Dalhem, Salins, Mechelen, and Maastricht, along with all of their appendages and incorporations, princes, prelatures, dignitaries, counts, barons and lords that belong to certain vassals and appendices, will in the future be one, and always under the protection, custody, conservation and assistance of the Emperors and Kings of the Romans and the Holy Roman Empire, and will enjoy the liberties and rights of the same [Empire], and will forever after be faithfully defended, conserved, supported and assisted by the aforementioned the Emperors and Kings of the Romans and the Holy Roman Empire, just like the other princes, states and members of the same Empire.
Notes
References
Sources
1540s in the Habsburg Netherlands
Burgundian Circle
1548 in the Holy Roman Empire |
44497774 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beitar%20Ezra%20F.C. | Beitar Ezra F.C. | Beitar Ezra () is an Israeli football club based in the Ezra neighbourhood of Tel Aviv. The club currently plays in Liga Gimel Tel Aviv division.
Today, the first Captain in the team is Gilor Bardush, and the secondary is Amir Itzhaki.
History
The club was founded in 1954 and played its entire history in the lower divisions of Israeli football.
Beitar joined Liga Gimel at the 1954–55 season, the last season in which Liga Gimel was the third tier of Israeli football league system. The club's best period was at the mid-1960s, when they won Liga Gimel Tel Aviv division in the 1962–63 season and promoted to Liga Bet, then the third tier. In the 1964–65 season, Beitar was topping the table of Liga Bet South A division after 15 games and was crowned as the "winter champions" of the league. However, drop in form saw the club finish the league at the seventh place. In the following season, the club finished second bottom and relegated back to Liga Gimel after three seasons playing in Liga Bet. From that point, the club became known as one of the worst teams in Israeli football. Beitar have conceded 202 goals at the "double season" of 1966–68, and in 1969, the club found itself playing at the newly formed bottom tier, Liga Dalet. In 1985, Liga Dalet was scrapped and the club returned to Liga Gimel, where they play since at the Tel Aviv division. The 2009–10 season was exceptional, as the club finished the league with even number of wins, draws and losses and with a positive goal difference of +14.
The club's founder and chairman, Tzadok Hamami, which holds UEFA Pro Licence, have also renewed his footballer card at age of 82. However, his last match as an active player for Beitar Ezra, was at 25 December 2009, aged 79, when he entered as substitute at the 90th minute in the 0–0 draw against Hapoel Neve Golan.
Honours
Current squad
As to 16 January 2020
External links
Beitar Ezra The Israel Football Association
Golden report – Tzadok Hamami The Sports Channel, YouTube
References
Ezra
Tel Aviv
Football clubs in Tel Aviv
Association football clubs established in 1954
1954 establishments in Israel |
44497799 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20V.%20Seshagiri%20Rao | A. V. Seshagiri Rao | A. V. Seshagiri Rao (1926 – 17 June 2007) was a Kannada film director.
Film career
He started his film career at a young age and directed about 50 films including in Kannada, Telugu and Tamil. He made his directorial debut in Telugu film Pendli Pilipu starring N. T. Rama Rao and Devika in 1962. He gave blockbusters like Rajkumar-starrer Sampath Ge Sawal, Bahadur Gandu and Bettadha Huli to the Kannada film industry. His last film was Bahadura Hennu in which actress Roopa Ganguly had played the lead role.
Filmography
Kannada
Death
He died following a fall at his house in Chennai, India, where died of brain haemorrhage.
References
External links
Kannada film directors
Telugu film directors
1926 births
2007 deaths
20th-century Indian film directors
Film directors from Chennai |
44497815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan%20Association%20Dubai | Pakistan Association Dubai | The Pakistan Association Dubai (PAD) is the largest community center for overseas Pakistanis in the world. It was founded in the late 1960s as a platform for advancing the social and cultural interests of Pakistani expatriates residing in Dubai and more broadly, the United Arab Emirates.
History
The Pakistani diaspora in the UAE is the third largest overseas Pakistani community, and also one of the oldest expatriate groups in the UAE. There are currently over 1.2 million Pakistanis in the United Arab Emirates, out of which over 400,000 are based in Dubai alone. Pakistanis collectively comprise around 13% of Dubai's population and are the third largest ethnic group in the emirate (after Indians and native Emiratis). When PAD was founded in the late 1960s by members of the early community, it was initially based at a small rented office space in Murshid Bazar in Deira, where the Pakistan Education Academy now exists. By the early 1990s, the office was shifted to the Astoria Hotel in Bur Dubai. Later, the centre where the association is now headquartered was built on Oud Metha Road in Bur Dubai. The objectives of PAD include promoting relations between Pakistan and the UAE, providing community support and welfare, promoting Pakistani culture, organising recreational community events, and enhancing the interests of the Pakistani expatriate community in the UAE. Apply Here For Dubai UAE Embassy Attestation In Pakistan.
Structure
The association elects a president who formally heads the organisation, typically for a tenure of two to three years. A vice-president, general-secretary and joint-secretary are also elected as part of the executive body. Membership is required to register and participate in the association. PAD works closely with the Consulate-General of Pakistan in Dubai. There are multiple community wings operating under PAD. These include the medical, engineering, journalist, professional, accounting and ladies wings, among others.
Events and activities
PAD arranges numerous cultural events and gatherings in the community, such as Independence Day, Pakistan Day and UAE National Day celebrations, literary events including mushairas, iftar dinners during Ramadan, chaand raat events, meena bazaars, fundraising dinners and awareness events, award ceremonies, art exhibitions, sport and leisurely events, as well as workshops and language classes. PAD also arranges support services for Pakistanis in the UAE labour force, as well welfare activities both in Pakistan and the UAE. A newsletter is published and distributed by the association.
See also
Consulate-General of Pakistan, Dubai
Pakistanis in the United Arab Emirates
References
Organisations based in Dubai
Overseas Pakistani organisations
Pakistani diaspora in the United Arab Emirates
Clubs and societies in the United Arab Emirates |
17330081 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh%20Mandel | Josh Mandel | Joshua Aaron Mandel (born September 27, 1977) is an American far-right politician who served as the 48th treasurer of Ohio from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he previously was the Ohio State Representative for the 17th district from 2007 to 2011. He was the unsuccessful Republican challenger to Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 U.S. Senate election.
In 2016, Mandel announced his intention to challenge Brown yet again in 2018, but later withdrew from the race. In 2022, he ran again for the Senate, but lost the primary nomination to author J.D. Vance.
Early life and education
Mandel was born to a Jewish family on September 27, 1977, in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Rita (née Friedman) and Bruce Mandel. Mandel's maternal grandfather, Joe, is originally from Poland and is a Holocaust survivor, while his maternal grandmother, Fernanda, is originally from Italy and was hidden from the Nazis by Christian families during World War II. Mandel has a sister, Rachel. He attended Beachwood High School, where he was the quarterback of the football team.
Mandel earned a bachelor's degree from the Ohio State University. At Ohio State, he served two terms as the undergraduate student government president. After graduating from Ohio State in 2000, he earned a Juris Doctor from the Case Western Reserve University School of Law.
Career
Military service
Mandel enlisted in the United States Marine Corps Reserve, where he served eight years as an intelligence specialist. His first tour was from February to November 2004, during which he was attached to a light armored reconnaissance battalion. He left for his second tour in September 2007. Attached to an infantry battalion, Mandel served in the city of Haditha.
Lyndhurst city council
Mandel was elected to the Lyndhurst, Ohio, city council in 2003. He was on the council's finance committee.
In January 2005, Mandel sent a letter to Lyndhurst residents, proposing a one-time tax rebate of $400, paying the postage for the letters from his campaign fund. Faced with opposition from fellow council members, Mandel introduced and advocated for a 2 mill property tax rollback, which would have saved the average homeowner $100 a year on a home valued at $160,000. On April 4, 2005, the Council passed a 1.5 mill rollback that saved the average homeowner $75 per year.
Ohio House of Representatives
Elections
Mandel was first elected to the Ohio House of Representatives in November 2006.
He represented Ohio's 17th House district, consisting of 17 communities of various sizes in southeastern Cuyahoga County. Mandel was re-elected to a second term in 2008.
Tenure
Mandel's first piece of legislation as a State Representative, H.B. 151, was an initiative to force the multibillion-dollar Ohio pension funds to divest from companies doing business in Iran. He joined State Representative Shannon Jones (R) in an attempt to make Ohio the first state in the nation to divest from Iran, but the legislation was never signed into law due to a compromise between state pension executives and Ohio House leadership, agreed to by Mandel. Then-Speaker of the Ohio House Jon Husted brokered a deal to drop half of the state's investments in Iran and Sudan with the eventual goal of removing all investment from the two countries.
In the 128th Assembly, Mandel was one of 19 House members to vote against legislation to make cockfighting a felony. Mandel said that the legislation was not a pressing priority for the state and that the General Assembly should spend its time in other ways.
Also in the 128th Assembly, Mandel voted against legislation that "[p]rohibits discriminatory practices on the basis of "sexual orientation" and "gender identity" under many of the Ohio Civil Rights Commission (OCRC) Law's existing prohibitions against various unlawful discriminatory practices.". The bill passed the Ohio House by a vote of 56 to 39.
State Treasurer
In May 2009, Mandel announced his candidacy for Ohio Treasurer of State via web video. Mandel's campaign generated controversy in late September 2010 when it ran a TV commercial falsely suggesting that Mandel's opponent, African-American Kevin Boyce, was a Muslim. The commercial was criticized for playing on anti-Muslim bias, and was ultimately withdrawn by the Mandel campaign. However, voters subsequently received a campaign mailing with similar themes. The Mandel campaign said that the Ohio Republican Party was responsible for the mailers, which had already been sent via bulk mail. In October 2010, in response to an Ohio Democratic Party complaint, the Ohio Elections Commission found that Mandel had deceptively depicted Boyce (an African Methodist Episcopal) as a Muslim in the ads.
On November 2, 2010, Mandel was elected Ohio State Treasurer, defeating Boyce by 14 percentage points to become chief investment officer of state funds. Mandel was sworn in on January 10, 2011.
During Mandel's time as treasurer, Ohio retained the highest possible rating from Standard & Poor's for the state's $4 billion government investment fund. On March 19, 2012, Mandel severed contracts with two major banks that handled $41 billion in Ohio pension investments, amid government investigations into whether the banks overcharged clients for currency trading accusing them of "systematically exploiting public pension funds and taxpayers."
Mandel was reelected to a second term as state treasurer in 2014, defeating Democratic State Representative Connie Pillich.
OhioCheckbook.com
In December 2014, Mandel launched OhioCheckbook.com, a website that reports every expenditure in state government, in an effort, according to Mandel, to "create an army of citizen watchdogs who have the power to hold politicians accountable." Because there was no coordination with a similar effort undertaken by then-Governor John Kasich, Ohio ran two overlapping disclosure sites for several years. In June 2020, the state of Ohio merged the two sites, saving nearly a million dollars.
STABLE Accounts
In summer 2015, Ohio passed legislation granting the Ohio Treasurer's Office the authority to open and administer ABLE accounts; such accounts are a federally authorized, state-run savings program for eligible people with disabilities. In June 2016, Mandel began offering the nation's first ABLE accounts, called in Ohio "STABLE Accounts". The Ohio Treasurer's Office, in addition to administering Ohio's STABLE Accounts, also jointly administers the ABLE accounts in Arizona, Georgia, Kentucky, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Vermont, West Virginia and Wyoming.
Advertising controversy
In 2016 and 2017, the Ohio Treasurer's Office under Mandel spent almost $1.7 million in taxpayer-funded television ads, featuring him and Urban Meyer, the head coach for the Ohio State Buckeyes football team. Mandel's office made each payment for the ads to individual television stations in an amount less than $50,000 per fiscal year, thus circumventing the need for approval by the state Controlling Board, which must sign-off on state payments over this amount. Thirteen ad buys were within $1,000 of the $50,000 threshold. Mandel defended the ads, saying they helped increase awareness of an investment program for disabled Ohioans. Critics questioned the airing of self-promotional ads at a time when Mandel was running for U.S. Senate and said that Mandel's office was trying to avoid scrutiny by structuring the ad buys to avoid Controlling Board approval.
In response to the controversy, the Ohio House introduced an amendment to the state's 2017 budget. The amendment would require approval by the Controlling Board for ad buys that in aggregate exceed $50,000. This rule would have prevented Mandel from avoiding oversight by distributing the advertising campaign among individual ad buys. Mandel did not attend an Ohio Senate hearing on the matter. He sent a deputy instead.
OhioCrypto.com
In November 2018, Mandel made Ohio the first U.S. state to allow taxpayers to pay taxes with cryptocurrency. Mandel's initiative, OhioCrypto.com, allowed Ohio taxpayers to pay tax bills in Bitcoin; he described the initiative as a way to project Ohio as a state that is embracing blockchain technology. Mandel described himself as a cryptocurrency enthusiast and said that he hoped the launch of OhioCrypto.com would bring more legitimacy to cryptocurrency. Ohio Attorney General Yost subsequently found, "The Treasurer's use of a payment processor to convert cryptocurrency into dollars for the payment of taxes is not authorized, expressly or impliedly, by statutes allowing the receipt of electronic payments." Mandel's successor suspended the program, noting that it had processed fewer than ten transactions.
2012 U.S. Senate election
Mandel was the Republican nominee to challenge Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 election for U.S. Senate from Ohio. Mandel officially announced his candidacy for U.S. Senate on March 1, 2012. He won the March 6, 2012 Republican primary with 63% of the vote in a five-candidate race.
Mandel earned the endorsement of several prominent conservative politicians, including: New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, Florida Sen. Marco Rubio, and Sen. John McCain. Mandel also received the endorsements of U.S. Sen. Rob Portman and U.S. Rep. Jim Jordan.
Mandel's campaign was singled out by the independent fact-checking group Politifact for its "casual relationship with the truth" and its tendency to "double down" after inaccuracies were pointed out. Politifact wrote: "For all the gifts Mandel has, from his compelling personal narrative as an Iraq war veteran to a well-oiled fundraising machine, whoppers are fast becoming a calling card of his candidacy."
Mandel had raised $7.2 million through the first quarter of 2012; his $5.3 million cash on hand trailed Brown's $6.3 million. Mandel benefited from support from conservative out-of-state superPACs. As of July 2012, these outside groups—including Crossroads GPS—aired $10 million in TV advertising supporting Mandel and attacking Brown, outspending Democratic Party-aligned outside groups by a margin of more than five-to-one. Mandel's campaign was aided by over $1 million spent primarily on attack ads by a 501(c)(4) organization called the "Government Integrity Fund".
A few days before the election, several of Mandel's relatives published an open letter in the Cleveland Jewish News criticizing Mandel for his anti-gay views, stating that his own cousin, a graduate of the US Air Force Academy, was married to another woman, and that Mandel believed LGBT people "should be forced to live a life of secrecy and lies".
Brown defeated Mandel 51%-45% in the November 6, 2012 general election.
In August 2013, the Ohio Democratic Party and EMILY's List accused Mandel of violating federal and state campaign laws by using a vehicle owned by his U.S. Senate campaign for personal purposes. The vehicle was involved in a traffic accident on March 5, 2013, nearly four months after Mandel's Senate campaign had ended; he was a passenger in the vehicle when the accident occurred. Mandel contended that he had done nothing improper.
2018 U.S. Senate election
In December 2016, Mandel announced that he would seek election to the United States Senate in 2018.
In late 2016, a Super PAC called Ohio Freedom Fund was created to support Mandel's Senate bid. As of April 2017, the Ohio Freedom Fund's primary contributor is Citizens for a Working America, a nonprofit organization not subject to campaign finance disclosures. At the time that the Ohio Freedom Fund Super PAC was created, Mandel, in his capacity as state treasurer, was appearing in a series of advertisements promoting a new investment program for families with special needs children. Mandel's office said the ads were taped and aired before Mandel was a candidate for U.S. Senate.
In July 2017, Mandel stated his support for alt-right activists and conspiracy theorists Mike Cernovich and Jack Posobiec after they were criticized in an Anti-Defamation League (ADL) report. Mandel accused the ADL of being a "partisan witchhunt group" and tweeted "I stand with @Cernovich & @JackPosobiec."
Mandel dropped out of the race on January 5, 2018, citing the need to spend more time with his family relating to his wife's health issues. The nomination was won by Congressman Jim Renacci, who went on to lose the general election to Brown.
2022 U.S. Senate election
Senator Rob Portman announced in late January 2021 that he would not be seeking re-election to the Senate, citing gridlock and partisanship. Mandel mulled running in the election, and later confirmed that he would run. Declaring his candidacy, Mandel touted his support for President Donald Trump, although he had initially endorsed Marco Rubio for the party's nomination in the 2016 presidential election and voted for him in that year's Ohio Republican primary.
In March 2021, Mandel was suspended from Twitter for 12 hours for creating a poll about which type of "illegals" would commit more crimes, "Muslim Terrorists" or "Mexican Gangbangers". Mandel called the suspension censorship.
In May 2021, multiple fundraisers left the Mandel campaign, citing a "toxic work atmosphere" including being berated publicly by the campaign's financial director.
In October 2021, posting on a far-right conservative website, Mandel claimed that Jewish financier George Soros and the "deep state" were responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, the Black Lives Matter movement, Antifa, and the January 6, 2021 assault on Capitol Hill.
In the May 2022 primary, Mandel was defeated by Trump-endorsed candidate J. D. Vance. Mandel came in second during the primary, receiving 23.9 percent of the votes.
Political positions
Donald Trump
Mandel has been characterized as a Trump loyalist. He has backed Trump's widely disproven claims of voting fraud in 2020 presidential election, and supported Trump's attempts to overturn opponent Joe Biden's electoral victory. Mandel has called Trump's second impeachment a "sham" and pledged to fight for the former president's "America First" agenda. Mandel claims that "studies that evidence widespread fraud" in relation to the 2020 presidential election will emerge eventually.
Abortion
Mandel is anti-abortion.
Health care
Mandel has called for the repeal of the Affordable Care Act. In a campaign advertisement during his 2012 Senatorial run, Mandel claimed opponent Sherrod Brown "cast the deciding vote on the government takeover of health care". Politifact has labeled as false the claim that Brown cast the deciding vote for the act. The description of the act as a government takeover of health care, by Mandel, has been labeled by Politifact as "nonsensical" and a "myth".
Environment
Mandel rejects the scientific consensus on climate change. He has referred to climate change research as "riddled with fraud". He has vowed to fight attempts to advance clean-air standards.
Mandel has called for what he terms as "aggressive and responsible" energy exploration that protects "the air we breathe and water we drink" while reducing environmental regulation. He supports the approval of the Keystone XL pipeline. Mandel is a supporter of expanded coal plants and has criticized what he has termed as "radical" environmental groups.
LGBT rights
Mandel opposes same-sex marriage, saying in 2012 that he will "protect the sanctity of marriage" and "this is a fight that I will never, ever back down." He is against openly gay people serving in the military, and voted against workplace and housing discrimination protections for gay and transgender people in 2009.
Foreign policy
In 2012, Mandel said that he disagreed with plans to set a "date certain" for withdrawal of U.S. military forces from Iraq and Afghanistan, also stating that "at some point in time, we have to take the training wheels off and we have to allow those countries to stand on their own two feet."
In early September 2021, when the U.S. evacuated Afghan allies from Afghanistan, Mandel said that refugees were being brought to "the heart of America ... To protect our kids, our communities and our Judeo-Christian way of life, we must FIGHT this with all our might."
Religion
In November 2021, Mandel, despite being Jewish, tweeted support for controversial statements by Michael Flynn calling for the establishment of "one religion" in the United States, which would be against the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. He followed up with more tweets saying "Freedom of religion ≠ freedom FROM religion" and "America was not founded as a secular nation".
Personal life
Mandel was married to social worker Ilana Shafran in August 2008 in Jerusalem. In April 2020, Mandel and Shafran filed for divorce. The divorce was finalized in June 2020 and all records were sealed until 2021 when details regarding finances, custody of their three children, and child support were released. Mandel has been dating Rachel Wilson, a staffer for his campaign, since August 2020.
Electoral history
References
External links
State Treasurer of Ohio
Josh Mandel campaign website
Statewide candidates stake their positions: Round the Rotunda
Josh Mandel's file at Politifact
Collected news and commentary at the Cleveland Plain Dealer
|-
|-
1977 births
People from Beachwood, Ohio
Politicians from Cleveland
Republican Party members of the Ohio House of Representatives
State treasurers of Ohio
United States Marine Corps reservists
United States Marines
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Iraq War
Case Western Reserve University School of Law alumni
Ohio State University School of Communication alumni
Far-right politicians in the United States
Jewish American state legislators in Ohio
21st-century American politicians
Living people
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
American people of Italian-Jewish descent
Candidates in the 2018 United States Senate elections
Candidates in the 2022 United States Senate elections
Candidates in the 2012 United States elections |
17330089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20wind%20%28disambiguation%29 | West wind (disambiguation) | A west wind is a wind that originates in the west and blows east.
West Wind may also refer to:
"West Wind", a song by Miriam Makeba from The Magnificent Miriam Makeba
East Wind: West Wind, an American novel
West Wind Aviation, Saskatchewan's second-largest commercial aviation group
Project West Wind, a wind farm west of Wellington, New Zealand
See also
The West Wind (disambiguation)
West Wind Shores
West Wing
Westwind (disambiguation) |
6901181 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisker%20method | Brisker method | The Brisker method, or Brisker derech, is a reductionistic approach to Talmud study innovated by Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik of Brisk (Brest, Belarus), as opposed to the traditional approach which was rather holistic. It has since become popular and spread to yeshivas around the world. The Brisker method is also known as the "conceptual" approach to Talmud study, and is often referred to simply as lomdus (lit. "analytical study").
See .
Theory
Broadly speaking, before the Brisker method, Talmudic texts were taken at "face value" unless there was a compelling reason not to. If a contradiction between two texts was discovered, then it became necessary to reinterpret one or both texts in order to reconcile them. But there was no standard method by which to perform this reconciliation. Any explanation which one offered, which seemed reasonable, would be accepted.
The Brisker method replaces this approach with a methodical search for precise definitions of each concept involved in the discussion. Once the mechanism by which a law works is rigidly and correctly defined, it can become clear that one aspect of the definition applies in one situation but not another. Therefore, the final halacha (Jewish law) will differ in the two situations, even if they superficially appear to be very similar.
Often an entire series of disagreements among the Rishonim (Talmudic commentaries from roughly the period 1000–1500) may stem back to a subtle difference in how these Rishonim understand a line from the Talmud. The Brisker method can provide a precise formulation of how each Rishon understood the topic, and thus account for their differences in opinion. This approach is most spectacular when a whole series of debates between two Rishonim can be shown to revolve around a single "chakira", or difference in the understanding of a Talmudic concept.
Another benefit of this approach is that it helps clarify the puzzling Talmudic statement that "Elu vi'Elu Divrey Elokim Chaim" (lit. these [words] and these [words] are the words of the living Lord). In other words, the Talmud advances an idea that no valid interpretation of its corpus is strictly wrong. Rather, a multitude of opinions can be justifiably put forth on a particular subject. According to the Brisker approach, this idea is explained in conceptual terms. Both opinions accepted the same facts, so none are strictly wrong. However, one opinion conceptualized the issue through one logical prism, whereas the other viewed the issue via an entirely different logical prism (see Examples below). It is easier, then, to accept that both opinions are Divinely justifiable approaches, as their fundamental point of departure is theoretical rather than physical in nature.
The Brisker method is not a total break from the past. Rabbis before Brisk sometimes made "conceptual" distinctions, and Brisker rabbis can still resolve issues without recourse to the terminology they invented. The difference is one of focus and degree. Non-Brisk analysis tends to formulate "conceptual" definitions only when necessary, while for Briskers, these definitions are the first and most common tool to be used when approaching a Talmudic issue.
One example of Rabbi Chaim's emphasis on the value of precise definition can be found in quote: "One approach which answers three different problems is better than three different approaches to individually solve the three problems" (a corollary of Occam's razor).
Examples
Some of the distinctions which follow may appear to be meaningless: the two alternatives are simply different ways of expressing exactly the same concept. This is indeed a significant danger when formulating Brisker concepts. Therefore, it is routine, upon formulating the distinction, to search for a nafka minnah for the distinction - an empirical case in which the two understandings in fact lead to different results. Only when a nafka minnah (even a rare and impractical one) is identified can one be sure that one's Brisker distinction is valid. Each distinction listed below has at least one nafka minnah, even if not specified here.
Cheftza/gavra ("object/person") refers to distinctions made between a person and his/her actions (or the actions done upon him/her). For example, the Brisker Rav states (Yevamoth 2a) that a forbidden incestuous relative is considered a "forbidden person," while though a menstruating woman is not a "forbidden person," the sexual act performed with her is forbidden.
Kiyyum/Ma'aseh ("fulfillment/action") refers to the distinction between, in the course of performing a Biblical or Rabbinic commandment, the physical performance-act and the ultimate fulfillment of the commandment.
Siman/sibah ("effect/cause"): Does A cause B, or is A a result of the presence of B? For example, an adhesion on the lung makes a slaughtered animal non-"glatt kosher", but the Shulchan Aruch and the Rama disagree whether it makes the animal non-kosher altogether. This disagreement appears to be based on the question: Does the adhesion cause non-kosher-ness? Or does it potentially result from non-kosher-ness, but also potentially result from a situation in which the animal remains kosher? The Shulchan Aruch holds the former; the Rama holds the latter, in which case an animal with adhesions can be checked and subsequently found to be kosher.
Active vs. passive: There may be a distinction between a specified exemption in the halakha, and a scenario where the halakha simply fails to obligate someone.
("two laws"): A Talmudic law can be shown to consist of two or more distinct components. Then, one component can be shown not to apply in a certain case, thus resolving a contradiction between the halachic rules in two situations. An example of this is Rabbi Chaim Brisker's interpretation of (Bava Kama 88a) that there is one law for a man to circumcise his son and another that obligates the son himself to be circumcised. In this case, after the son is circumcised, the obligation of circumcision present in both laws is fulfilled, although it is impossible for both laws to be fulfilled in their entirety.
"Is the principle stated here merely an application of a general rule, or is it a different and unique principle, specialized to our context?" This distinction is demonstrated in a story involving Rabbi Yitzchak Zev Soloveitchik and witnessed by Rabbi Yehezkel Abramsky. A person died, followed shortly thereafter by another, wealthier person. The Chevra Kadisha (Jewish burial society), rather than follow the first-come, first-served policy mandated by halacha, buried the rich person first. A relative of the poorer person came to demand an apology from the Chevra Kadisha. Rabbi Yitzchak Zev Soloveitchik consulted the Laws of Mourning from Rambam' Mishneh Torah for just a moment before telling the relative: "The Chevra Kadisha were wrong, but that is between them and God. I will inform them that their conduct was improper, but you are not involved here." After the fellow left, Rabbi Soloveitchik explained to his colleague, Rabbi Abramsky, that the question at hand was this: certainly Judaism has a general principle of first-come, first-served, because of the rule that when faced with the opportunity to do a mitzvah, one should not pass it up. If this is the only reason that first-come, first-served applies in the case of burials, then one who violates it is no more in the wrong than one who has passed over any mitzva opportunity, and his/her offense is between himself/herself and God. Or, instead, there may be a specialized notion of first-come, first-served when it comes to burials, to avoid offending the bereaved. Only according to the latter reasoning would an apology be required. Rabbi Soloveitchik found that Maimonides made no explicit mention of first-come, first-served in his Laws of Mourning, and thus extrapolated that only the generalized notion of first-come, first-served applies to burial. Therefore, the bereaved could not demand an apology. Upon hearing this reasoning, Rabbi Abramsky exclaimed (in a positive way), "Rabbi Soloveitchik can deduce laws from the fact that Maimonides says nothing at all!"
History
The famed yeshiva of Volozhin, arguably the first modern yeshiva, favored a traditionalist approach towards Talmudics under the leadership of the Netziv, which often required absorbing a great amount of Talmudic material to acquire a "general Talmudic feel" before analyzing a topic. Later, however, Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik became a lecturer at Volozhin. At this point, around the year 1880, Rabbi Chaim's new methods first became public.
However, as Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik suggested in his eulogy for the Brisker Rov, the full, true "Brisk approach" as we know it today was not developed until Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik had been rabbi of Brisk for many years. The notes that Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik used for his lectures at the yeshiva of Volozhin (years before he assumed the Brisk pulpit) are still extant today, and the approach found there is not as well-developed as in (his and others') later published works. The notes could best be described as "proto-Brisk lomdus", a term which could be used regarding the works of the Beis HaLevi as well. Several modern scholars agree with this notion of "proto-Brisk", and it can be heard in the lectures of Rabbi Dr. Aaron Rakeffet-Rothkoff. Nonetheless, as seen above, even "proto-Brisk" was already different enough and popular enough to cause significant tension at the Volozhin yeshiva.
An additional major influence on the "Brisk approach" was a Rabbi Mendel Epstein of Slutzk. Rabbi Chaim "Brisker" Soloveitchik spent several early teenage years in Slutzk, where Rabbi Epstein served as his melamed (Judaics teacher for pre-college levels). Rabbi Chaim later claimed that much of the "Brisker derech" attributed to him was founded on Rabbi Epstein's approach; however, as a small town's melamed, Rabbi Epstein and his ideas never achieved fame.
The Brisker method has a certain parallel in the Dor Revi'i (commentary on Hullin) of Rabbi Moshe Shmuel Glasner. Many scholars had been perplexed by the Rambam's rulings, as they had been used to understanding the Talmud according to the Franco-German school of Rashi and Tosafot, as opposed to the Babylonian Geonic school followed by Rambam. Rabbi Glasner insisted that Rambam's interpretations follow perfectly from the Talmud once he is interpreted on his own terms. Rabbi Glasner's methods coincided remarkably with those Rabbi Chaim; Rabbi Glasner's methods caused a sensation in the Lithuanian yeshivot in the late 1920s and early 1930s, producing astonishment that a Hungarian rabbi had independently formulated a method so similar to Rabbi Haim's.
Controversy
When it first appeared, some scholars denounced the Brisk approach as "chemistry", as it sought to analyze each Talmudic law by breaking it down into components, whereas a traditionalist approach focused more on the entirety of the laws.
While the Brisker method has won acceptance in almost all yeshivas today, it has its opponents. These include Rabbi Avraham Yeshayahu Karelitz (1878–1953) (known as the Chazon Ish), who felt that often the existing approach to a Talmudic portion was sufficient.
Additionally, the Brisker method is not widely used in modern yeshivas which stem from the Mirrer Yeshiva (originally from Russia), which instead tend to stress single, unifying themes throughout Talmudic concepts, often focusing on only one Rishon if it is seen as the most "truthful" approach to a Talmudic passage.
Yeshivot influenced by Telz, likewise, adopt a broader approach.
See also .
In Brisker yeshivas, the tractates studied deviate from the tractates popular in most yeshivas. Most yeshivas learn the Talmudic laws of money, property, marriage, and divorce. In Brisk, there is a greater tendency toward Kodashim tractates, as well as Nazir and Sotah (more ritually oriented) tractates in Nashim. Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik is noted for a tendency to study tractates in Seder Moed, a tendency formalized by Yeshiva University's decision to learn a tractate from Seder Moed every four years.
R Chaim was aware of the opposition to his method, but defended it. In response to a rabbi who insisted on taking the words of the Gemara at face value, R Chaim replied: A term may refer to different laws in different contexts. For example, the Talmud requires "panim chadashos" (meaning "a new presence" or "new faces") at the Sheva Brachos celebration, i.e. a guest must be present who had not attended the wedding. Elsewhere, the Talmud comments that once sacrificial meat has been burned to ashes, the ashes no longer have a sacrificial status, as "panim chadashos ba'u l'chan" – "a new presence has arrived", meaning that the ashes are not the same as the meat. "So if you were at a Sheva Brachos party, and you looked around and everyone there had already been at this couple's wedding, why not just take some meat and burn it to ashes?", challenged Rabbi Chaim. Clearly, the phrase "panim chadashos" has different meanings in the contexts of wedding celebrations and sacrificial meat.
R Chaim was also opposed to 'overdoing' the method. In response to a Rabbi who claimed that Kiddushin does not take effect once for all time, but rather constantly renews itself every moment (has a ''), R Chaim simply and sarcastically replied "Mazel Tov" (as if to say that according to such a view, the Rabbi had just gotten married); thereby indicating his view that such an approach was ridiculous.
References
Works by the Brisker school
Hiddushei Rabbenu Chaim Halevi al haRambam - by Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik
Hiddushei haGra"ch al haShas - ("stencil" edition) - by same
Hiddushei Maran Ri"z Halevi al haRambam - by Rabbi Yitzchak Zev Soloveitchik
Hiddushei haGri"z al haShas - ("stencil" edition) - by same
Hiddushei Maran Ri"z Halevi al Kiddush Hachodesh and Seder Moed - by same
Hiddushei Maran Ri"z Halevi al haTorah - by same
Iggros haGri"d - by Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik
Shiurei haRav Aharon Lichtenstein (multiple volumes) - by Rabbi Aharon Lichtenstein
Birkas Shmuel - by R' Baruch Ber from Kamenitz
Secondary sources
Solomon, Norman. The Analytic Movement: Hayyim Soloveitchik and His Circle. Atlanta, Ga.: Scholars Press, 1993.
Zevin, Shlomo Yosef. Ishim ve-shitot. Tel Aviv: A. Tziuni, 1966.
External links
"Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik on the Brisker Method"
Talmud
Learning methods
Soloveitchik rabbinic dynasty |
20467265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montrose%20School | Montrose School | Montrose School is an independent school for girls in grades 6–12 located in Medfield, Massachusetts, USA.
History
Montrose was founded in 1979 in Brookline, Massachusetts, by a group of parents and educators with a vision of girls’ education inspired by the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church and St. Josemaria Escriva. The founders asked the Prelature of Opus Dei to provide chaplains to oversee religious teachings, celebrate mass, hear confessions and lead reflections. One of the school's founders was marketing consultant Bill Bowman, later co-founder of the educational software company Spinnaker Software in 1982.
After its initial period in Brookline, the school spent a few years each in the towns of Westwood and Natick. In 2007, Montrose moved to its permanent location in Medfield.
Curriculum
Montrose offers a classical liberal arts curriculum, as well as character education integrated throughout the seven-year curriculum. Students participate in a mentoring program, daily enrichment opportunities for mass or non-academic individual reading, a guest speaker series, class and school service projects and the development of habits of heart, mind and character.
The upper school curriculum includes four years of English, mathematics, history, science and theology or philosophy, as well as at least three years of foreign language and fine arts. Languages offered include Spanish, French and Latin. During their senior year, students complete and present final capstone projects focusing on social issues or other interdisciplinary questions.
The middle school curriculum has two English classes in grade 6 and 7 and a full year of geography. In 7th grade, the girls study ancient civilizations. In 8th grade, the girls are introduced to the language program by taking a full year of Latin; they also take civics.
Montrose also offers study abroad trips for students: the "In the Footsteps of Dante" trip to Italy for upper school students. The school has recently introduced an exchange student program for 10 days with one of its sister schools, Rosemont in Ireland.
Other activities during school days
Girls have at least one study period on almost every day. During one day a week they have an all-school gathering which may consist of a speaker, a game, red and white team competitions, or a Big/Little sister activity.
At the beginning of the year, girls are sorted into either the red or white team, each representing one of the school's colors. These teams compete throughout the year in different activities with a winner announced on the annual themed field day.
The Big/Little sister program pairs one or more upper school (9-12th grade) students and one or more middle school (grades 6–8) students together to have someone to talk to or ask for advice from during the school year. The program is supposed to bond students across grades and create a cohesive environment.
Extracurricular
Sports
Montrose offers seven varsity sports, plus club sports and other athletic offerings. During fall, soccer, field hockey, volleyball and cross country are offered. Basketball, ski club and indoor track are offered during the winter season, and lacrosse, softball, and track and field club during the spring. Students are encouraged to start a club if they would like to see another sport on the Montrose campus.
Music and drama program
The Montrose Players put on three major productions each year: a middle school musical, an upper school play and an all-school musical. There are also two major music productions annually. These concerts include pieces from The Upper School and Middle School Chorus, Tone Chimes, Instrumental Ensemble and the school's a cappella groups. Montrose School has two a cappella groups, the Treblemakers (upper school) and the Clef Hangers (middle school).
Sources
Schools in Norfolk County, Massachusetts
Private high schools in Massachusetts
Private middle schools in Massachusetts
Opus Dei schools |
6901183 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widespread%20Bloodshed%20Love%20Runs%20Red | Widespread Bloodshed Love Runs Red | Widespread Bloodshed Love Runs Red is the only studio album by American thrash metal band No Mercy, released in 1987 by Suicidal Records.
In 1989 "Master of No Mercy", "Controlled by Hatred", "My Own Way of Life", and "Waking the Dead" were re-recorded by Suicidal Tendencies for their Controlled by Hatred/Feel Like Shit...Déjà Vu album, after Mike Clark had joined their band. "We're Evil", "Crazy But Proud", "I'm Your Nightmare", and "Widespread Bloodshed - Love Runs Red" were later re-recorded by Suicidal Tendencies for their No Mercy Fool!/The Suicidal Family album.
Track listing
"We're Evil"
"Crazy But Proud"
"Master of No Mercy"
"Day of the Damned"
"Controlled by Hatred"
"I'm Your Nightmare"
"Widespread Bloodshed - Love Runs Red"
"My Own Way of Life"
"Waking the Dead"
Personnel
Mike Muir – vocals
Mike Clark – guitar
Ric Clayton – bass
Sal Troy – drums
Produced by Mike Muir
References
1987 debut albums
No Mercy (metal band) albums |
20467276 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion%20to%20Rejoin | Motion to Rejoin | Motion to Rejoin is the third full-length album by Brightblack Morning Light. It was released on September 23, 2008 by Matador Records.
Track listing
"Introduction" – 0:42
"Hologram Buffalo" – 5:18
"Gathered Years" – 8:00
"Oppressions Each" – 3:26
"Another Reclamation" – 7:05
"A Rainbow Aims" – 9:46
"Summer Hoof" – 5:27
"Past a Weatherbeaten Fencepost" – 6:49
"When Beads Spell Power Leaf" – 2:43
References
2008 albums
Brightblack Morning Light albums
Matador Records albums |
6901215 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20sleeper%20shark | Little sleeper shark | The little sleeper shark (Somniosus rostratus) is a small sleeper shark of the family Somniosidae found in the northeast Atlantic, western Mediterranean, and western Pacific around New Zealand, at depths between 200 and 1,000 m. Its length is up to 1.43 m.
Distribution
This species is rarely encountered. It has in the northeast Atlantic and western Mediterranean. It has also been found in Israel and Cuba.
Habitat
Although currently the species has been found in water at depths of 180-2200m, it is possible that it may range deeper. It is a bathydemersal species found above sandy mud substrate on the outer continental shelves and on the upper slopes.
Ecology
Reproduction and Growth
S. rostratus reaches a maximum size of 140 cm. Males mature at 71 cm. Females mature at 80 cm and are aplacental viviparous, giving birth to 8-17 pups per litter. Much about the reproduction of this species is still unknown.
Diet
This species feeds on cephalopods such as those of the genus Histioteuthis and Todarodes sagittatus. Although the species is often caught using fishing gears for bottom-dwelling fish, the presence of these fast-moving prey items in stomach contents suggests that this organism moves throughout the deeper areas of the water column. This may partially explain the lower than expected rates of capture in deep demersal fisheries.
Threats
S. rostratus is occasionally taken on longlines and in bottom trawls in the eastern Atlantic. It is often recorded under the category "sleeper sharks" or "sharks". It is often discarded at sea when caught on the Mediterranean coast of Spain and not landed. Post-discard survival is likely very rare, though. The fish has also been historically fished for off the coast of Portugal, however by 1996 this industry had all but ended.
This animal is also caught as bycatch of general demersal and black scabbardfish fisheries in the Azores.
These threats are compounded by the fact that, like other Squaloid sharks, the Little Sleeper shark is likely to be slow to mature, and the relatively small range of the fish.
Conservation
Although no species-specific conservation measures are in place, the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean has banned bottom trawling below depths of 1000m. More information is needed on the species before detailed protection can be brought in to action.
References
IUCN Redlist
Somniosus
Fish described in 1827
Fish of the Mediterranean Sea |
17330097 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309%20Liga%20de%20Honra | 2008–09 Liga de Honra | The 2008–09 Liga de Honra season is the 19th season of the competition and the 75th season of recognised second-tier football in Portugal. Trofense are the defending champions.
Promotion and relegation
Teams promoted from Liga de Honra
Trofense
Rio Ave
Teams relegated to Liga de Honra
Boavista
União de Leiria
Teams relegated from Liga de Honra
Penafiel
Fátima
Teams promoted to Liga de Honra
Oliveirense
Sporting Covilhã
League table
Results
Footnotes
External links
Calendar of the Portuguese League
Season on soccerway.com
Liga Portugal 2 seasons
Port
2008–09 in Portuguese football leagues |
23573013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban%20stream | Urban stream | An urban stream is a formerly natural waterway that flows through a heavily populated area. Urban streams are often polluted by urban runoff and combined sewer outflows. Water scarcity makes flow management in the rehabilitation of urban streams problematic.
Description
Governments may alter the flow or course of an urban stream to prevent localized flooding by river engineering: lining stream beds with concrete or other hardscape materials, diverting the stream into culverts and storm sewers, or other means. Some urban streams, such as the subterranean rivers of London, run completely underground. These modifications have often reduced habitat for fish and other species, caused downstream flooding due to alterations of flood plains, and worsened water quality.
Restoration efforts
Some communities have begun stream restoration projects in an attempt to correct the problems caused by alteration, using techniques such as daylighting and fixing stream bank erosion caused by heavy stormwater runoff. Streamflow augmentation to restore habitat and aesthetics is also an option, and recycled water can be used for this purpose.
Urban stream syndrome
Urban stream syndrome (USS) is defined as a consistent observed ecological degradation of streams caused by urbanization. This kind of stream degradation is commonly found in areas near or in urban areas. USS also considers hydrogeomorphology changes which are characterized by a deeper, wider catchment, reduced living space for biota, and altered sediment transport rates. This could be from mining and deforestation, but the main cause can be attributed to urban and suburban development. This is because such land use has a domino effect that can be felt tens of kilometers away. Consistent decrease to ecological health of streams can be from many things, but most can be directly or indirectly attributed to human infrastructure and action. Urban streams tend to be “flashier” meaning they have more frequent and larger high flow events.
Urban streams also suffer from chemical alterations due to pollutants and waste being uncleanly dumped back into rivers and lakes. An example of this is Onondaga Lake. Historically one of the most polluted freshwater lakes in the world, its salinity and toxic constituents like mercury rose to unsafe levels as large corporations begun to set up shop around the lake. High levels of salinity would be disastrous for any native freshwater marine life and pollutants like mercury are dangerous to most organisms.
Higher levels of urbanization typically mean a greater presence of Urban Stream Syndrome.
Treatment
Many water managers treat USS by directly addressing the symptoms, most commonly through channel reconfiguration that includes reshaping rock to address altered hydrology and sediment regimes. In spite of having ecological objectives, this approach has been criticized for addressing physical failures in the system without improving ecological conditions.
See also
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP) – US research program
Nonpoint source pollution
Subterranean river
References
Bibliography
External links
Urban Waters Program - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Ecosystem Effects of Urban Stream Restoration - EPA
Hydrology and urban planning
Water pollution
Environmental engineering
Water streams
Rivers
Hydrology
Fluvial landforms |
23573014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brambory | Brambory | Brambory is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brat%C4%8Dice%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Bratčice (Kutná Hora District) | Bratčice () is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
Notable people
Jan Perner (1815–1845), railway engineer
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ADrkvice%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Církvice (Kutná Hora District) | Církvice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,300 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Jakub is an administrative part of Církvice.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cern%C3%ADny | Černíny | Černíny is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Bahno, Hetlín, Krasoňovice, Předbořice and Zdeslavice are administrative parts of Černíny. Zdeslavice forms an exclave of the municipal territory.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
6901225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drascombe | Drascombe | The word Drascombe is a trademark that was first registered by John Watkinson who applied it to a series of sailing boats which he designed and built in the period 1965–79 and sold in the United Kingdom (UK). They comprised the Coaster, Cruiser Longboat, Dabber, Drifter, Driver, Gig, Launch, Longboat, Lugger, Peterboat, Scaffie, Scaith and Skiff, together with a few other one-offs. They have wide and deep cockpits, adaptable boomless rigs and high bulwarks.
The word drascombe is also used as a generic term for any boat built to a design by John Watkinson. These include both 'the Drascombe range' build by Churchouse Boats and the 'Original Devon' range produced by Honnor Marine,
The Caboteur and Drifter 22 have been designed and built recently following the design principles developed by John Watkinson.
John Watkinson died in 1997 and the trademark is now owned by his surviving family. Current builders include Churchouse Boats Limited.
Past licensees include McNulty; John Elliott and Douglas Elliott Boatbuilders (licensed to build in wood); and Kelly and Hall, which built the original production Luggers in wood.
Design principles
There are basically two types of drascombe. There are undecked open day sailers and one or two-berth weekenders. They were originally designed and built in marine plywood using glued lapstrake construction. As they became more popular, they were then manufactured in GRP.[3]
The hull, typically, consists of four strakes each side, the garboard strakes being wide giving a flat run to the transom whilst having a fairly sharp entry at the stem. There is a recessed rear deck level with side benches and a recessed foredeck. Some models have a small one or two-berth cabin.
The transom slopes back at an angle of about 45 degrees with the top edge sloping forward giving drascombes a distinctive appearance at the stern. Just forward of the transom is a well to take an outboard motor with a slot in the transom that allows the outboard motor to be tilted out of the water when under sail. It also keeps the outboard motor hidden from view.
The usual rig consists of a Gunter rigged mainsail set on the main mast, a mizzen sail set on the mizzen mast sheeted to a bumpkin and a foresail. The tan-coloured sails are all boomless to avoid possible head injury from a gybing boom. The original Drascombe Lugger had a lug sail to start with; this was changed to a gunter mainsail but the name was kept.
The rudder fits in a case which is set in the aft deck in front of the mizzen mast. It can be lifted up into the case when in very shallow water.
A steel centreboard is in a centreboard case with a purchase to lift it.
Some (Dabber and Drifter) have a conventional vertical transom with the rudder hung on the transom.
Some (Skiff, Scaith, Scaffie and Peterboat) were double enders with a canoe stern. Of these, the Skiff has no outboard motor well, just a mini triangular transom to take a small outboard motor when the rudder has been removed.
Flotilla
Caboteur
The Caboteur is based on the drascombe Longboat but modified to the requirements of French drascombe aficionado Jean-Louis Grenier to create his "ultimate drascombe camping cruiser"
Originally in wood epoxy the hull is now available in GRP. It is 8" wider in the beam than the Longboat with 3" more freeboard. The rig is also larger and a cruising chute can be set to a bowsprit.
Jean-Louis' boat has a large sleeping platform and a vast amount of dedicated storage. The great number of lockers, together with the added beam and freeboard make the sailing weight nearly twice that of a Longboat.
Coaster
A trailer-sailer with a two-berth cabin (and, with the addition of a cockpit tent, room for two more) including cooking and toilet facilities. Replaced the Cruiser Longboat, having a much improved specification, especially with regard to the cockpit and cabin layouts.
Cruiser Longboat
A Longboat with a cabin of two berths or one berth and a galley bench. Unlike the open Longboat and other drascombes a boom was fitted to the mainsail. Designed to appeal more to private buyers than the open version, the Cruiser Longboat was introduced and sold side by side with the standard open boat. Introduced in 1970 and replaced in 1979 by the Coaster. Over 400 were built. The wooden versions were all custom built and differ considerably from the GRP versions.
Dabber
Although smaller than the Lugger, the Dabber carries a full yawl rig on main and mizzen masts. However, the Dabber can easily be distinguished by its bowsprit and transom-hung rudder.
Drifter
A cruising boat with a cabin and choice of outboard well or 6-8 hp Sabb inboard Diesel engine. Draft 2'+. Long keel with fixed bilge plates. Original spec included sails with roller-reef jib, pramhood canopy, two-burner paraffin cooker, flushing chemical toilet, fitted bilge pump, anchor warp and chain; anti-fouling below waterline. An optional tent was also available, extending sleeping accommodation from two to four adults.
Drifter 22
At the 2007 London Boat Show Churchouse Boats launched the Drifter 22.
Paul Fisher of Selway-Fisher was employed to revise the design of the original Drifter.
The prototype was built in wood/epoxy but moulds have been made and production boats are manufactured in GRP.
In 2021 Churchouse Boats re-launched the Drifter 22 with a Mark II model, under the Drascombe Boats brand.
Driver
An 18' version of the Launch hull with bilge fins for sailing. A Watermota Shrimp inboard petrol engine with fully feathering propeller was fitted. A petrol/paraffin version of the Watermota or even a diesel were available to special order. For sailing it had a standing lug rig similar to the Dabber but with a slightly larger jib and mainsail.
Gig
Never intended for the private buyer, the Gig is a pure sail training craft designed for use by Navies. Previously, the Royal Navy used the Montagu Whaler for this purpose, but these boats were getting well past their best, and new ones have not been built since the 1950s. The Longboat was considered too small, so the Gig was designed for this specific market. The French navy now uses four Gigs for this purpose.
Today a number of privately owned Gigs are about - two were fitted with cabins (Hippo and Gig). One was fitted with a tent to allow for extensive cruising (The City of London).
In private hands the Gig is not for the novice. She has a fairly big sail area and handles and feels like a big boat. At the same time, once in tune with her, she gives her crew great confidence by her easily reefed lug sail and her sea keeping capabilities.
Launch
Based on the Dabber hull and introduced in 1973, the Launch was designed for river and lake fishing. Fitted with a Watermota Shrimp inboard engine and a Dabber mizzen as a steadying sail. Not a very successful model, only 12 being built.
Longboat
Essentially a stretched Lugger, and originally intended as a training craft for sailing schools, Sea Scouts, etc.
Lugger
The boat that started it all, and still as immensely popular as at its introduction at the Earls Court (London) Boat Show in 1968, when the first wooden production boat, Luka was sold within 29 minutes of the show opening to the public. Luka is now located in the National Maritime Museum Cornwall. The epitome of rugged simplicity, reliability, and seaworthiness in an open boat, the Lugger is equally at home pottering with the kids or undertaking more adventurous expeditions.
Peterboat
Designed by John Watkinson in 1973, the Peterboat was not mass-produced and never built in GRP. Only about 10 wooden boats were built by John Elliott, John Kerr, and Norman Whyte. There was an original version of a Peterboat built by John Watkinson, similar decking arrangement to the drascombe Lugger, but with a gunter rig sporting a curved yard with a large jib,(similar to the rig on 'Cariad') only the one was ever built.
Scaffie
A smaller drascombe for single-handed sailing, the Scaffie has no centreboard, relying instead on a long central keel and two bilge stub keels. Rig is a single standing lugsail.
Scaith
Double ended open boat with a standing lug main, small offset mizzen with bumkin and a jib, a folding rudder and galvanised steel centreplate. An outboard motor well is incorporated on the aft port side to carry a small (2 hp) outboard motor. The forerunner to the Peterboat 4.5m.
Skiff
Similar to the Scaffie but with a narrower beam, the Skiff was designed in 1970 and John Watkinson built the first three boats of around 30 that were built in wood by Doug Elliott at John Elliott Boatbuilders. A GRP version wasn't available until 1996.
History
1902 "Captain James McNulty starts family business. As stevedores it employed ship carpenters, but had difficulty retaining them to work casually and so to ensure continuity of employment, it was decided they build small rowing boats."
c. 1955 John Elliott joins Kelly and Hall as boatbuilder.
1958 John Watkinson buys Kelly and Hall.
1960 Honnor Marine founded by Pat Honnor.
1962/63 John Watkinson designs and builds three sixteen foot mackerel boats (wood).
1964 John Watkinson sells Kelly and Hall.
1965 John Watkinson moves to Drascombe Barton. John Watkinson designs and builds first Drascombe Lugger 'Katharine Mary'.
1966 New owners of Kelly and Hall produce Drascombe Lugger in wood.
1968 Earls Court Boat Show. Exhibit Drascombe Lugger sold in 20 minutes, 11 ordered. John Watkinson grants Honnor Marine a sole licence to build Drascombe Luggers in GRP.
1969 Honnor Marine produces first GRP Drascombe Lugger and exhibits at London Boat Show. John Watkinson designs Drascombe Longboat, a stretched Drascombe Lugger; and Drascombe Cruiser Longboat.
1970 Drascombe Longboat and Drascombe Cruiser Longboat built by Honnor Marine in GRP. John Watkinson designs Drascombe Skiff, built in wood. Kelly and Hall ceases trading. John Elliott takes over premises and starts John Elliott (Boatbuilder) with his brother Doug building wooden Drascombes.
c. 1970 In Llandysul, Cardiganshire, John Kerr sets up his own workshop, building wooden boats ranging from small clinker dinghies to ocean racing yachts, for over 20 years. Following a meeting with John Watkinson, he becomes one of the earliest licensed builders of the Drascombe range. Overall John built approximately 10 Drascombe boats, many finished to the customer's exact requirements. John died in 2001.
1972 John Watkinson designs Drascombe Dabber. Built by Honnor Marine in GRP.
1973 John Watkinson designs Drascombe Peterboat, built in wood.
1974 John Watkinson designs Drascombe Driver. Built by Honnor Marine in GRP. Honnor Marine goes into receivership.
1975 Honnor Marine continues to trade under a management consortium.
1977 Association of Dutch Drascombe Owners (NKDE) formed. John Watkinson designs Drascombe Drifter. Built by Honnor Marine in GRP.
1978 John Watkinson designs Drascombe Scaffie. Built by Honnor Marine in GRP. John Watkinson designs Drascombe Coaster. Built by Honnor Marine in GRP.
1980 John Elliott dies. Business wound up.
1981 Under the wings of Terry Erskine Yachts Plymouth, Douglas Elliot built one more Drascombe, a Peterboat 4.5 metre, before retiring.
1982 Norman Whyte licensed to build the whole line of Drascombes in wood, continuing until 1995.
1984 John Watkinson designs Drascombe Gig. Built by Honnor Marine in GRP.
1984 Drascombe List started in West Wales by Jeremy Churchouse as a brokerage for used Drascombes.
1987 Drascombe Association formed.
1997 Liquidation of Honnor Marine. Assets sold to Bob Brown, including all the plugs, which are the items for making new moulds as well as all the boat fittings and spars. Bob Brown moves the business up to the North of England where Honnor Marine starts producing the drascombe range under the brand name “The Original Devon Range”. McNulty Boats Ltd, Hebburn, Tyneside, UK is awarded the exclusive licence to use the Drascombe trademark. It makes new moulds and builds the Drascombe range. John Watkinson dies on 19 December.
1998 Stewart Brown (no relation to Bob Brown) takes over Churchouse Boats from Jeremy Churchouse.
2000 Stewart Brown joins McNulty Boats.
2002 McNulty Boats in liquidation. Taken over by Churchouse Boats, led by Stewart Brown, including license to use the Drascombe trademark.
2007 Churchouse Boats exhibits the new Drascombe Drifter 22 at the London Boat Show.
2013 Stewart Brown retires as Director from Churchouse Boats Ltd, Sharon Geary-Harwood and Simon Harwood both become Directors and take over the ownership of the company, including the Sole license to use the Drascombe trademark
2017 Upon retirement, Bob Brown sells Honnor Marine to Tim and April Altham, who relocate the business in Swanage, Dorset, and continue to produce the “Original Devon Range” as Honnor Marine Classics Ltd.
2018 Stewart Brown former owner of Churchouse Boats died on 22 September, a great loss to the Drascombe community.
Notable voyages
David Pyle sailed his wooden Drascombe Lugger Hermes from England to Australia during 1969 and 1970. This was possibly the longest journey ever undertaken in a small open sailing boat (though, later, in 1991, a complete circumnavigation was completed by Anthony Steward in an open 19' boat). Hermes was a standard production model with the exception of a raised foredeck and a few other minor modifications. The boat was built at Kelly and Hall's boatyard at Newton Ferrers by John and Douglas Elliott.
In 1973, Geoff Stewart crossed the Atlantic in a Longboat.
Between 1978 and 1984, Webb Chiles sailed round most of the world in his Luggers Chidiock Tichborne I and Chidiock Tichborne II. Starting in California in Chidiock I, he crossed the Pacific, then the Indian Ocean, before heading into the Red Sea. Near Vanuatu during the Pacific crossing, the boat capsized during bad weather, then drifted for two weeks while he was unable to bail his flooded boat. After becoming damaged, Chidiock I was seized by the Saudi Arabian authorities when Chiles was arrested on suspicion of being a spy. Chiles had a new Lugger, Chiddiock II, shipped to him in Egypt. This he sailed south to cross his previous track and then through the Suez Canal and the Mediterranean Sea out into the Atlantic to La Palma in the Canary Islands. Leaving the boat briefly to visit Tenerife, he returned to find that she had capsized at her mooring in a storm. Finding that he had lost a lot of gear, Chiles decided to end his attempt at circumnavigating in an open boat.
References
External links
Drascombe Boats
Honnor Marine Ltd
Keelboats
1960s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Trailer sailers |
44497825 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt-Ergo | Alt-Ergo | Alt-Ergo is an automatic solver for mathematical formulas, specifically designed for program verification. It is based on satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) and distributed under an open-source license (CeCILL-C). Its original authors were Sylvain Conchon and Evelyne Contejean, at LRI, but it is now developed and maintained at OCamlPro.
Technologies
Design choices
Contrary to most SMT solvers, Alt-Ergo uses a specific input language with prenex polymorphism. This helps reducing the number of quantified axioms and the complexity of problems. It also partially supports SMT-LIB 2 language, but performs less efficiently on SMT files.
Main components
The core of Alt-Ergo is made of three parts: a DFS-based SAT solver, a quantifiers instantiation engine based on E-Matching, and a combination of decision procedures for a set of built-in theories.
Built-in theories
Alt-Ergo implements (semi-)decision procedures for the following theories:
empty theory
linear integer arithmetic
linear rational arithmetic
non-linear arithmetic
floating point arithmetic
polymorphic arrays
enumerated datatypes
AC symbols
record datatypes
Industrial uses
There are several verification platforms built on top of Alt-Ergo:
Why3, a platform for deductive program verification, uses Alt-Ergo as its main prover;
CAVEAT, a C-verifier developed by CEA and used by Airbus; Alt-Ergo was included in the qualification DO-178C of one of its aircraft;
Frama-C, a framework to analyse C-code, uses Alt-Ergo in the Jessie and WP plugins (dedicated to "deductive program verification");
SPARK, uses Alt-Ergo (behind GNATprove) to automate the verification of some assertions in Spark 2014;
Atelier-B can use Alt-Ergo instead of its main prover (increasing success from 84% to 98% on the ANR Bware project benchmarks);
Rodin, a B-method framework developed by Systerel, can use Alt-Ergo as a back-end;
Cubicle, an open source model checker for verifying safety properties of array-based transition systems.
EasyCrypt, a toolset for reasoning about relational properties of probabilistic computations with adversarial code.
See also
Formal verification
Z3 Theorem Prover
External links
Alt-Ergo at LRI
Alt-Ergo at OcamlPro
OCaml software
Formal methods tools
Software testing tools
Linux software |
44497828 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%201946%20French%20legislative%20election%20in%20Gabon%E2%80%93Moyen%20Congo | June 1946 French legislative election in Gabon–Moyen Congo | Elections to the French National Assembly were held in Gabon and French Congo on 2 June 1946, with a second round on 30 June.
Electoral system
The two seats allocated to the constituency were elected on two separate electoral rolls; French citizens elected one MP from the first college, whilst non-citizens elected one MP in the second college.
Results
First college
Second college
References
Gabon
1946 06
1946 06
1946 in Gabon
1946 in Moyen-Congo
1946
1946
Gabon |
44497862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945%20French%20constitutional%20referendum%20in%20Gabon%E2%80%93Moyen%20Congo | 1945 French constitutional referendum in Gabon–Moyen Congo | A constitutional referendum was held in Gabon and Moyen Congo on 21 October 1945 as part of the wider French constitutional referendum. Both questions were approved by large margins. Voter turnout was 68.1%.
Results
Question I
Question II
References
1945 referendums
October 1945 events in Africa
1945
1945 in Gabon
1945
1945 in Moyen-congo
1945
Constitutional referendums in France
1945 elections in France |
44497865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20Simmons | Benjamin Simmons | Benjamin Simmons may refer to:
Ben Simmons (born 1996), Australian basketball player
Benjamin Stanley Simmons or B. Stanley Simmons (1871–1931), American architect.
Benjamin Taylor Simmons (1871–1933), American general
See also
Benjamin Simons, British theoretical physicist
Ben Simons (disambiguation) |
20467282 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivian%20Potter | Vivian Potter | Vivian Harold Potter (23 October 1878 – 19 November 1968) was a New Zealand Member of Parliament, miner, trade unionist, and soldier.
Private life
Potter was born in Hamilton in 1878, the son of Albert Potter. His mother was Catherine Potter (née Whitehouse), Albert Potter's second wife. Albert Potter left his first wife in 1862 in Hobart when he discovered that both she and Catherine Whitehouse were pregnant with his children; he secretly took four of their five children with them to Auckland. His first wife tracked him down in Mount Eden in 1892.
Vivian Potter mostly lived in Auckland during his early life. He fought in the Second Boer War with the 7th Contingent for about two years; he was a Squadron Quartermaster Sergeant with registration number 4045.
After the Boer War, he married Lillah Coleman at Waihi in January 1904. He was a miner at Waihi and was a member of the Waihi Miners' Union, but opposed the 1912 strike. After the strike was over, he travelled the North Island and lectured on labour arbitration and conciliation.
He was a Second Lieutenant in World War I. He was granted indefinite leave from military service in March 1918 because he suffered from sciatica.
Political career
Potter served on the Waihi Borough Council. He chaired the Waihi school committee for some time, and was on the advisory committee for the Technical School.
Potter represented the Roskill electorate for the Reform Party in the New Zealand House of Representatives from 1919 to 1928. In the , Potter stood in the electorate for the Reform Party but was beaten by Arthur Stallworthy. In the 1931 election, he was one of five candidates in Eden and came last. In the , he stood in Roskill electorate again, and came fourth of the five candidates.
He died on 19 November 1968 and was buried at Mangere Lawn Cemetery.
References
1878 births
1968 deaths
Reform Party (New Zealand) MPs
Local politicians in New Zealand
New Zealand military personnel of the Second Boer War
New Zealand military personnel of World War I
New Zealand miners
New Zealand trade unionists
People from Hamilton, New Zealand
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand MPs for Auckland electorates
Burials at Mangere Lawn Cemetery
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1928 New Zealand general election
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1931 New Zealand general election
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1935 New Zealand general election |
20467291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum%20deficiency | Molybdenum deficiency | Molybdenum deficiency refers to the clinical consequences of inadequate supplies of molybdenum in the diet.
The amount of molybdenum required is relatively small, and molybdenum deficiency usually does not occur in natural settings. However, it can occur in individuals receiving parenteral nutrition.
Signs and symptoms
Descriptions of human molybdenum deficiency are few. A patient receiving prolonged parenteral nutrition acquired a syndrome described as ‘acquired molybdenum deficiency.’ This syndrome, exacerbated by methionine administration, was characterized by high blood methionine, low blood uric acid, and low urinary uric acid and sulfate concentrations. The patient suffered mental disturbances that progressed to a coma. Pathological changes occurring in individuals with a genetic disease that results in a sulfite oxidase (a molybdoenzyme) deficiency include increased plasma and urine sulfite, sulfate, thiosulfate, S-sulfocysteine and taurine; seizures, and brain atrophy/lesions; dislocated lenses; and death at an early age.
Diagnosis
Treatment
300 mcg Ammonium Molybdate per day can bring about recovery of “acquired molybdenum deficiency” [3]
See also
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency
References
Further reading
External links
Mineral deficiencies
Deficiency |
17330101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/152nd%20Regiment | 152nd Regiment | 152nd Regiment may refer to:
152nd Infantry Regiment "Sassari", a unit of the Italian Army since 1915
, a unit of the 7th Armoured Brigade (France)
152nd (Ulster) Transport Regiment, a unit of the United Kingdom Territorial Army
152nd Punjabis, a British Indian Army regiment serving in Palestine, 1918-1921
152nd Illinois Infantry Regiment, a unit of the Union (North) Army during the American Civil War
152nd New York Infantry Regiment, a unit of the Union (North) Army during the American Civil War
152nd Ohio Infantry Regiment, a unit of the Union (North) Army during the American Civil War
152nd Infantry Regiment (United States), a regiment of the Indiana Army National Guard
152nd Tank Regiment, a component of the Russian Ground Forces' 27th Guards Rifle Division at Totskoye in the Volga-Urals Military District |
17330103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witherbee%20School | Witherbee School | The Witherbee School is a school house on Green End Avenue in Middletown, Rhode Island. It is a small -story gable-roofed structure, with a projecting section topped by a two-story tower. There are two entrances (one each for boys and girls), leading to separate vestibules, which then lead into the single classroom. The vestibule areas were altered to accommodate indoor plumbing facilities sometime before 1940. The school was built in 1907 for the town by John Coggeshall. It closed in the 1940s, and is now run by the Middletown Historical Society as an educational center.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
Green's End, Rhode Island
References
External links
Middletown Historical Society information
Educational institutions established in 1907
School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Schools in Newport County, Rhode Island
Buildings and structures in Middletown, Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island
1907 establishments in Rhode Island |
20467301 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOSCO%20II%20process | TOSCO II process | The TOSCO II process is an above ground retorting technology for shale oil extraction, which uses fine particles of oil shale that are heated in a rotating kiln. The particularity of this process is that it use hot ceramic balls for the heat transfer between the retort and a heater. The process was tested in a 40 tonnes per hour test facility near Parachute, Colorado.
History
TOSCO II process is a refinement of the Swedish Aspeco process. The Tosco Corporation purchased its patent rights in 1952. In 1956, the Denver Research Institute performed research and development of this technology, including testing of a 24 ton per day pilot plant, which operated until 1966. Later the technology development was continued under Tosco's own directions. In 1964 Tosco, Standard Oil of Ohio, and Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company formed Colony Development, a joint venture company to develop the Colony Shale Oil Project and to commercialize the TOSCO II technology. The project was ended in April 1972.
Technology
The TOSCO II process is classified as a hot recycled solids technology. It employs a horizontal rotating kiln-type retort. In this process, oil shale is crushed smaller than and enters the system through pneumatic lift pipes in which oil shale is elevated by hot gas streams and preheated to about . After entering into retort, oil shale is mixed with hot ceramic balls with temperature from to . This increase the oil shale temperature to between and , in which pyrolysis occurs. In the pyrolysis process, kerogen decomposes to oil shale gas and oil vapors, while the remainder of the oil shale forms spent shale. Vapors are transferred to a condensor (fractionator) for separation into various fractions. At the kiln passage, the spent shale and the ceramic balls are separated in a perforated rotating separation drum (trommel). The crushed spent shale falls through holes in the trommel, while ceramic balls are transferred to the ball heater. Combustible shale gas is burned in the ball heater to reheat the ceramic balls.
The overall thermal efficiency of TOSCO II process is low because the energy of spent shale is not recovered and much of the produced shale gas is consumed by the process itself. The efficiency could be increased by burning char (carbonaceous residue in the spent shale) instead of shale gas as a fuel of the ball heater. The process' other disadvantages are mechanical complexity and large number of moving parts. Also the lifetime of ceramic balls is limited. Disposal of spent shale includes environmental problems because it is very finely crushed and contains carbon residue.
See also
Alberta Taciuk Process
Kiviter process
Petrosix process
Galoter process
Fushun process
Paraho process
Lurgi-Ruhrgas process
References
Oil shale technology |
23573025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cest%C3%ADn | Čestín | Čestín is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Čenovice, Čentice, Kamenná Lhota, Kasanice, Kněž, Milotice, Morány and Polipsy are administrative parts of Čestín.
Geography
Čestín is located about southwest of Kutná Hora and southeast of Prague. It lies mostly in the Upper Sázava Hills. The highest point is the hill Kopaniny at above sea level. The Čestínský Stream sprins here and flows across the municipality. The Sázava River briefly forms the southwestern municipal border.
History
The first written mention of Čestín is from around 1265, when it was named Čestín Kostel. In 1389, a fortress was built here. In 1579, Čestín was promoted to a town by Emperor Rudolf II. It ceased to be a town after World War II.
Sights
Čestlín has two landmarks, Čestín Castle and Church of Saints Peter and Paul. In 1575–1582, the original fortress was rebuilt to a large Renaissance castle by Adam Slavata of Chlum. The castle was partly demolished in the 19th century.
The Church of Saints Peter and Paul was built in the Neo-Romanesque style in 1859–1861. It replaced an old Romanesque church from the 13th century. The bells in the bell tower date from 1562.
Notable people
Vilém Slavata of Chlum (1572–1652), nobleman
References
External links
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
17330106 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issoire%20Iris | Issoire Iris | The Issoire Iris was a sailplane produced in France in the early 1980s. It was a conventional, single-seat mid-wing design of fibreglass construction intended to be easy to fly for the novice pilot. Originally designed with a T-tail, the Iris was produced with a conventional, low-set tailplane.
The prototype made its first public appearance at the 1977 Paris Air Show and completed flight testing with the CEV early the following year, with certification expected to follow shortly thereafter.
Specifications
References
1970s French sailplanes
T-tail aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1977
Glider aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft |
6901231 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timmy%20Fitzpatrick | Timmy Fitzpatrick | Timmy Fitzpatrick was an inter-county hurling player with Laois and Kilcotton. He was Laois's first choice goalkeeper in the 1940s and he gave some heroic displays. In the 1949 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final against Tipperary, Fitzpatrick was lauded as a Laois hero - despite the scoreline.
The following year, he made his sole appearance on the Leinster team. He played in three Laois Senior Hurling Championship finals with his club but never tasted victory.
In 1999, Timmy Fitzpatrick was named on the Laois Hurling Team of the Millennium.
References
Laois GAA Yearbook, 1999
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Laois inter-county hurlers
Kilcotton hurlers |
23573027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobrov%C3%ADtov | Dobrovítov | Dobrovítov is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Dědice is an administrative part of Dobrovítov.
Geography
Dobrovítov is located about south of Kutná Hora and southeast of Prague. It lies in the Upper Sázava Hills. The Klejnárka River flows through the municipality.
History
The first written mention of Dobrovítov is from 1355.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doln%C3%AD%20Pohle%C4%8F | Dolní Pohleď | Dolní Pohleď is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Měchonice is an administrative part of Dolní Pohleď.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
44497876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhiyuan | Zhiyuan | Zhiyuan may refer to:
Chinese cruiser Zhiyuan (致遠), an imperial Chinese cruiser which sank during the First Sino-Japanese War (1894)
Historical eras
Zhiyuan (至元, 1264–1294), era under Kublai Khan, Mongol emperor
Zhiyuan (至元, 1335–1340), era under Toghon Temür, Mongol emperor |
44497879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May%201946%20French%20constitutional%20referendum%20in%20Gabon%E2%80%93Moyen%20Congo | May 1946 French constitutional referendum in Gabon–Moyen Congo | A constitutional referendum was held in Gabon and Moyen Congo on 5 May 1946 as part of the wider French constitutional referendum. The proposed new constitution was rejected by 64% of voters in the territory, and 53% of voters overall.
Results
References
1946 referendums
May 1946 events in Africa
1946
1946 in Gabon
1946
1946 in Moyen-Congo
1946
1946 elections in France
Constitutional referendums in France |
20467313 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riker%20Hall%20%28Gainesville%2C%20Florida%29 | Riker Hall (Gainesville, Florida) | Riker Hall built in 1950 is a historic building on the campus of the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, in the United States. It was designed by Guy Fulton in a modified Collegiate Gothic style to provide housing for the student body. Known as South Hall for the first five decades of existence, it was named for Harold C. Riker in 2000.
References
Buildings at the University of Florida
Guy Fulton buildings
School buildings completed in 1950
Residential buildings completed in 1950
1950 establishments in Florida |
17330117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang%20Yibai | Zhang Yibai | Zhang Xiaoling, better known by his stage name Zhang Yibai () (born 14 April 1963, in Chongqing, China) is a Chinese film director, screenwriter and producer.
Directorial career
Zhang began his career in television and music videos before directing his debut, Spring Subway in 2002.
Zhang, like many other modern Chinese directors, has focused primarily on life in modern Chinese cities. Spring Subway, for example, follows its protagonist as he wanders through Beijing's subway system, while the mystery-thriller Curiosity Killed the Cat follows its characters through the central China boomtown of Chongqing (also Zhang's hometown).
His next two films, 2007's The Longest Night in Shanghai and 2008's Lost, Indulgence have seen the director's exposure and successes extending increasingly overseas. Longest Night, starring Zhao Wei, constitutes one of the first China-Japan coproductions, while Lost was selected to premiere at New York City's Tribeca Film Festival in 2008.
Filmography
References
External links
Zhang Yibai at the Chinese Movie Database
Film directors from Chongqing
1963 births
Living people
Chinese film directors
Central Academy of Drama alumni |
23573030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr.%20Bhim%20Rao%20Ambedkar%20College | Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar College | Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar College is a constituent college of the University of Delhi. It was established on 8 February 1991 during the birth centenary year of B. R. Ambedkar. It is sponsored by central Government to cater to the needs of higher education in trans-Yamuna area of Delhi. It is a co-educational institution. The college launched four professional courses in the university, namely, BA (Hons) Business Economics, BA (Hons) Social Work, BA (Hons) Hindi Journalism and Mass Communication, and BA (Hons) Applied Psychology. The prominent academic programs include B.Com & B.Com (Hons.), B.A. (Hons.) Geography, B.A. (Hons.) History and B.A. (Programme).
Campus
The college is spread over in the Northeast district of Delhi.
Computer lab
The college maintains a two-story computer laboratory situated in Media Block since 2005.
Library
The library has reading areas and houses more than 35000 books. Each year new books are added as needed. The college maintains current and previous issues of relevant nationally and internationally published journals and magazines like Business India, Computers Today's, Economic and Political Weekly, India Today, National Geographic, Outlook, Frontier, Frontline, Reader's Digest, Taipei to name a few. In Hindi the library receives Aajkal, Hans, India Today, Kurukshetra, Kadambani, Manushi, Mukta and Yojana among others. The library also has arrangements to provide books to the deserving students coming from economically weaker sections of the society. The library is fully computerized with online facilities available to students and faculty of the college.
Seminar hall
The college has a seminar hall with a capacity of 250. It frequently hosts seminars, workshops and lectures where prominent people from industry and commerce are invited to speak to undergraduate students. The college has recently developed a conference room to cater to the growing needs of students from professional courses for group discussions, seminars, presentations, panel discussions and so on, which form a vital part of their curriculum.
Banking
The college is host to a fully computerised branch of Oriental Bank of Commerce which provides banking facilities to the teaching & non-teaching staff, students of the college and residents of the area. The college is also planning to provide an ATM facility.
Medical centre
The facility of WUS Health Centre (East Campus) has been provided in the residential campus of the college. The college does not provide residential facilities to students at present. The centre caters to the needs of university employees residing in trans-Yamuna area. Aid facility is available free of cost to the college students.
The college maintains power back up, canteen, photostat and other necessities at the university subsidised rates. A 24-hour operational petrol pump is found exactly adjacent to the college premises providing convenience to students, faculty and residents of the area alike. The college is also taking initiatives on the recommendations given by the Delhi project report prepared by Samakhayam in Feb 2008.
Academics
As of May 2017, the college has 13 teaching departments.
Admissions
The college acts in accordance to the Delhi University Centralised Admission procedure. Admission to a course of study is based on the cut-off percentage announced through the University in June every year. Prospective students should have completed 12 years of study and must have scored the given cut-off percentage in previous qualifying examination. Foreign students are admitted as per the prescribed University guidelines. Apart from aforementioned criteria, for admission to few professional courses, students have to undergo an additional All India Written Entrance Test and/or interview conducted by their respective parent departments. At present four degree programs demand this requirement.
The college also holds reservations for candidates belonging to non-general category. At present 22.5% seats are reserved for SC/ST category, 27% for OBCs as per the guidelines and modalities communicated by the University vide University Letter Aca I/OBC/2007/80, 3% for Physically Challenged candidates and 5% each for children/widow/wives of officers and men of Armed Forces killed or disabled in action, 5% for foreign students and 5% for admission on basis of sports and co-curricular distinctions, where eligible.
Each year the university also organises centralised open days across various colleges of the university with the aim of providing all information relating to admissions, colleges and courses of the university respectively. The academic sessions starts from 16 July each year.
Sports
Each year the college selects students with "potential for excellence" through sports quota tests under the guidance of Dr. K. K. Sharma. In a short span of time, the college has carved a niche on the map of University of Delhi through various achievements secured by students and the staff members at the University and National Level respectively. The college is well known for the sports such as cross country, netball, archery, pistol and rifle shooting, softball, athletics and relays where students have made records and secured accolades of great prestige. In 2007 Kadar khan broke the record of 100–200 meters run at University of Delhi. In 1998, Vinod Kumar created a feat and broke his own record by clocking 14 seconds less his previous time to win the Nike-St Stephen's 3.2 km run with a timing of 9.47 minutes.
At present the college has hockey, basketball, football, and badminton courts. The college also has facilities for cricket, ping pong, volleyball, handball, chess, and judo. The college has recently acquired (in 2007) its own shooting range and has thus become one of the five colleges of Delhi University having such a facility. The Annual Sports Day is celebrated in the month of February each year.
Societies and Clubs
The College has several clubs and societies. It is also part of national programs like NSS and NCC.
Student life
Awards, recognition and scholarships
To honour the ideology of B. R. Ambedkar, the college provides a number of scholarships and prizes to promote and honour talent among current students as well as welcome potential candidates from all walks of life irrespective of caste, colour, creed, gender, income and social status.
Apart from prizes, awards are given for academic distinction in the university examination, for distinguished performance in debates/discussions, cultural activities and sports. College colors are awarded to sportsmen/sportswomen winning distinction at inter-college events.
Prospective students can also apply for the following scholarships:
National Scholarship awarded by Department oh Higher Education, Government of India
Delhi University All India Competitive Scholarship.
North East Cell
The college has special cell which has been working for the welfare of North East students since 2012 under college authority. The cell has been helping many students who are coming from North East India and Foreign Students. There are approximately 200 students from North East India and foreign countries like Afghanistan, Tibet, Nepal, Kenya etc. The cell organises a lot of activities in the college level like seminars, workshops, awareness programs and competitions. Presently, Ningombam Victoria Chanu and Ningombam Sanjay Singh are working as the Convenors of the cell.
College Student's Council
The college's student council is elected by students through common franchise as per the guidelines provided by the Honourable Supreme Court of India regarding Model Code of Conduct for DUSU elections. The elections are usually held during August–September each year. The committees of Staff Council appoints the Cultural and Sports' secretaries respectively. One seat of four posts—President, Vice-President, Secretary and Joint Secretary—is reserved for a female student. All office members hold office until 30 April of the ongoing session in normal courses, barring disqualifications.
Student societies and activities
Each year the college organises an Annual Cultural festival Chetna. The college publishes it annual magazine of the same name by inviting articles on wide-ranging issues to help students to cultivate writing and literary tastes and also to encourage creative articulation. The cultural society has won accolades at BITS, Pilani and IIT, Kanpur festivals. Debating society, North East and Foreign Student Society, Green Cadets Group and Gender sensitisation committee are among the other noted societies of the college. Apart from that each academic department has its own dedicated society which organises various
lectures, seminars, group discussions, debates, extempore, quizzes, fests etc.
Societies
Student placements
Apart from the Common Placement Cell inaugurated in 2005, each department providing professional degree have their separate placement division to tailor made the recruitment procedure as per their curriculum and requirements.
Notable alumni
1. Adarsh Kumar, Senior TV Journalist- TV Expert, Ex- STAR News-ABP News Journalist
2. Kapil Mishra, Ex- Minister, Delhi Government
3. Kamakhya Narayan Singh, Director- Film 'Bhor'
See also
Deepak Pental
References
External links
Dr.Bhim Rao Ambedkar College
Home | University of Delhi
Wayback Machine
Delhi University
1991 establishments in Delhi
Educational institutions established in 1991 |
44497886 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Simon%20Church | San Simon Church | The Our Lady of the Pillar Parish Church, also known as the San Simon Church, is a 19th-century Baroque church located at Barangay San Juan, San Simon, Pampanga, Philippines. The parish church, under the protection of its patron saints, the Virgin of the Pillar and Saint Peter, is under the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Fernando.
History and Architecture
The convent of San Simon was established by the Augustinians on April 20, 1771, and was placed under the patronage of Apostle Simon Peter. The town was formerly named after its secondary patron, Our Lady of the Pillar, and was purportedly named after its founder Mariano del Pilar de los Reyes. It was later renamed San Simon by Governor-General Simon de Anda y Salazar who named the town from his namesake upon the recommendation of his close allies, the Augustinian Friars. Governor-General Anda moved the capital of the colony to Pampanga a few years before the founding of the town due to the 1762 British Invasion. Not much historical records are available regarding the construction of the current church other than that a stone edifice was constructed by Father Benito Ubierna in 1870. A certain Father Bernabe built the convent in 1889. Both structures were razed by fire by Filipino revolutionaries on May 5, 1898. Much of the stone walls of the church are intact while the façade and bell tower has been remodeled. The façade sports a triangular pediment, three triple-arched windows on its second level and a concrete porte-cochere. To its left stands the rectangular belfry topped with a pagoda-like canopy.
Image Gallery
References
Roman Catholic churches in Pampanga
Baroque architecture in the Philippines
Spanish Colonial architecture in the Philippines
Churches in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Fernando |
20467330 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elma%20Dienda | Elma Dienda | Elma Jane Dienda (born 16 November 1964 in Upington, Northern Cape, South Africa) is a Namibian politician and teacher. Currently a member Democratic Turnhalle Alliance which she joined four years after her resignation from the CoD, Dienda was a member of the National Assembly of Namibia from taking CoD's final spot in 2004 until CoD did not receive enough votes for her re-election in 2009. She is of South African and Malawian descent.
Career
Dienda is a teacher by profession, having earned an education diploma at the Windhoek College of Education and worked at Eldorado High School in Khomasdal. She also has a paralegal diploma from the Legal Assistance Centre. She received training as a counselor at Catholic AIDS Action.
Political positions
Dienda joined the Congress of Democrats in 1999, the year of its foundation. She also held the position of the secretary of the Women Democrats Party. In 2007, she opposed the election of Ben Ulenga as party president.
Dienda led a drive in the National Assembly which called for the distribution of condoms to prison inmates as a means of preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS. Dienda and other opposition politicians were shouted down, with Utoni Nujoma and Petrus Iilonga vocally opposing the idea. Several SWAPO members denied that sexual activities ever occurred in prisons.
The PDM legislator said she does not support husbands and wives claiming rape in marriage. Dienda was responding to a point raised by the minister of home affairs, immigration, safety and security Albert Kawana, who asked whether there would be a conviction if boyfriends and girlfriends, or husbands and wives, claim rape when there is no semen and bodily fluids as part of the court evidence, during a parliament session in April 2022.
References
1964 births
Living people
People from Upington
Congress of Democrats politicians
Members of the National Assembly (Namibia)
Namibian people of Malawian descent
Namibian people of South African descent
21st-century Namibian women politicians
21st-century Namibian politicians
Women members of the National Assembly (Namibia)
Windhoek College of Education alumni |
23573031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drobovice | Drobovice | Drobovice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
44497898 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October%201946%20French%20constitutional%20referendum%20in%20Gabon%E2%80%93Moyen%20Congo | October 1946 French constitutional referendum in Gabon–Moyen Congo | A constitutional referendum was held in Gabon and Moyen Congo on 13 October 1946 as part of the wider French constitutional referendum. Although the proposed new constitution was rejected by 72% of voters in the territory, it was approved by 53% of voters overall.
Results
See also
French Fourth Republic
Provisional Government of the French Republic
References
1946 referendums
October 1946 events in Africa
1946
1946 in Gabon
1946
1946 in Moyen-Congo
1946
Constitutional referendums in France
1946 elections in France |
23573033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cejkovice%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Čejkovice (Kutná Hora District) | Čejkovice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 30 inhabitants.
History
The first written mention of Čejkovice is from 1360.
Gallery
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
44497904 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20G.%20Stabler | John G. Stabler | John G. Stabler was an associate justice and later chief justice on the South Carolina Supreme Court. He graduated from Wofford in 1905 and then taught Latin in Bamberg County, South Carolina. He graduated in 1908 from the law school at the University of South Carolina and practiced law in St. Matthews, South Carolina. From 1920 to 1926, he served in the South Carolina Senate until being elected to the South Carolina Supreme Court in 1926, taking his position in January 1926. On March 15, 1935, he was elevated to chief justice and served until his death in 1940.
References
Chief Justices of the South Carolina Supreme Court
Justices of the South Carolina Supreme Court
1940 deaths
1871 births |
20467347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Hall%20%28Gainesville%2C%20Florida%29 | North Hall (Gainesville, Florida) | North Hall built in 1950 is a historic building on the campus of the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, in the United States. It was designed by Guy Fulton in a modified Collegiate Gothic style to provide housing for the student body.
See also
University of Florida
Buildings at the University of Florida
University of Florida student housing
References
Buildings at the University of Florida
Guy Fulton buildings
University and college buildings completed in 1950
Residential buildings completed in 1950
1950 establishments in Florida |
23573036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hl%C3%ADzov | Hlízov | Hlízov is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
44497919 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triticum%20zhukovskyi | Triticum zhukovskyi | Triticum zhukovskyi, or Zhukovsky's wheat, is a hexaploid wheat, very closely resembling the Triticum timopheevii, a tetraploid variety of wheat. T. zhukovskyi was first observed in Western Georgia in close proximity to Triticum timopheevii and Triticum monococcum and is believed to be an amphiploid arising from the cross of T. timopheevii and T. monococcum.
References
Wheat |
23573037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quakers%20Act%201695 | Quakers Act 1695 | The Quakers Act 1695 was an Act of the Parliament of England which allowed Quakers to substitute an affirmation where the law previously required an oath. The Act did not apply to the oaths required when giving evidence in a criminal case or to serve on a jury or to hold any office of profit from the Crown. It allowed legal proceedings to be taken against Quakers before a Justice of the Peace for refusing to pay tithes if the amount claimed did not exceed £10. The Act would have expired in seven years but, in 1702, Parliament extended it for another eleven years by the Affirmation by Quakers Act 1701. In 1715, it was made permanent and applied also to Scotland.
Repeal
The Act, except sections 3 and 4, was repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act 1867. The remaining sections were repealed by the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1969.
Notes
External links
Chapter XXXIV. Rot. Parl. 7 & 8 Gul. III. p.9. n.3. History of Parliament Trust
Acts of the Parliament of England
1695 in law
1695 in England
Quakerism in England
Oaths |
20467348 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef%20Tajti | József Tajti | József Tajti (Jászapáti, 8 October 1943) is a Hungarian footballer, currently coaches Nyíregyháza Spartacus FC.
References
Ki kicsoda a magyar sportéletben? [Who's Who in the Hungarian Sports Life?], Volume 3 (S–Z). Szekszárd, Babits Kiadó, 1995, p 85,
1943 births
Living people
People from Jászapáti
Hungarian footballers
Hungarian football managers
Association football defenders
Budapest Honvéd FC players
Kaposvári Rákóczi FC players
Fehérvár FC managers
Nemzeti Bajnokság I managers
Sportspeople from Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County |
20467366 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%28It%27s%20Gonna%20Be%20a%29%20Lonely%20Christmas | (It's Gonna Be a) Lonely Christmas | "(It's Gonna Be a) Lonely Christmas" is a Christmas song recorded by The Orioles in 1948. It was their second hit (following "It's Too Soon to Know"), reaching position #8 on Billboard’s Juke Box charts in December 1948, and #5 the following Christmas.
References
American Christmas songs
Songs about loneliness
1948 songs |
44497928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovidiu%20Constantinescu | Ovidiu Constantinescu | Ovidiu Constantinescu (1933 – January 23, 2012) was a Romanian mycologist known for his work on the taxonomy of the Peronosporales.
Biography
Constantinescu was born in Constanța in 1933. He first graduated military school before ultimately enrolling at the Biological Institute at the University of Bucharest in 1949. Traian Săvulescu, founder of the institute, and his wife Alice advised Constantinescu while he was a student. Constantinescu graduated in 1970 from the institute. Following his thesis defense, he remained at the Institute as an assistant as well as the curator of the Mycological Herbarium there. In 1974, Constantinescu published a book, Metode și tehnici în micologie, which was his first book on methods in mycology. Although it was never translated from Romanian, for its time it was widely recognized as one of the best mycological methods books. After working for one year in 1982 at the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures in Baarn, Netherlands, he moved to Sweden in 1984. He was hired at the Institute for Systematic Botany at the University of Uppsala. Because of his vast knowledge and expertise about members of the order Peronosporales, he began the university's culture collection, known as Mykoteket. Constantinescu dedicated the next 20 years building up the collection for the university. He remained in Sweden at Uppsala University for the rest of his life working on members of the family Peronosporaceae, describing six new genera to add to the family after none had been added for over 30 years. He compiled and published an annotated list of over 500 species in the genus Peronospora in 1991. He is also known for describing new species of and working on downy mildew pathogens.
Eponymous species
Plasmopara constantinescui, Voglmayr & Thines, 2007
Deightoniella constantinescui, Melnik & Shabunin, 2011
Selected publications
Bontea V, Constantinescu O. 1967. Herbarium Mycologicum Romanicum "Tr. Săvulescu". Schedae fasc. 36–37 (No. 1751–1850), 36 pp.
Bontea V, Constantinescu O. 1968. Herbarium Mycologicum Romanicum "Tr. Săvulescu". Schedae fasc. I–XIX (No. 1–950), București. Pp. i–iv + 1–481.
Bontea V, Constantinescu O. 1968. Herbarium Mycologicum Romanicum "Tr. Săvulescu". Schedae fasc. XX–XXXV (No. 951– 1750), and indexes for fasc. 1–35, București. Pp. i–ii, 481–957.
Constantinescu O. 1974. Metode si tehnici in micologie. Bucuresti: Ceres. 215 pp.
Constantinescu O. & Negrean, G. 1975. "Herbarium Mycologicum Romanicum". Schedae fasc. 46–50 (No. 2251–2500), 95 pp.
Constantinescu O. 1985. Notes on Pseudoperonospora. Mycotaxon 24: 301–311.
Constantinescu O. 1991. An annotated list of Peronospora names. Thunbergia 15: 1–110.
Constantinescu O. 2004. The nomenclature of Plasmopara (Chromista, Peronosporales) parasitic on Geraniaceae. Taxon 53: 523–525.
Lane CR, Beales PA, O'Neill TM, McPherson GM, Finlay AR, David J, Constantinescu O & Henricot B. 2005. First report of Impatiens downy mildew (Plasmopara obducens) in the UK. Pl. Pathol. 54: 243.
Constantinescu O, Thines M. 2010. Plasmopara halstedii is absent from Australia and New Zealand. Polish Bot. J. 55: 293–298.
References
1933 births
2012 deaths
People from Constanța
Mycologists
University of Bucharest alumni
University of Bucharest faculty
Romanian emigrants to Sweden
Uppsala University faculty |
17330137 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisnia%20zavzhdy%20z%20namy | Pisnia zavzhdy z namy | Pisnia zavzhdy z namy () is a 1975 Ukrainian musical film, produced by Viktor Storozhenko starring Sofia Rotaru in the main role, as well as Ukrainian Smerichka vocal-instrumental band. The movie features songs in Ukrainian, Romanian and Russian of Sofia Rotaru filmed in the background of Ukrainian Carpathian mountains.
Plot
Filmed by Ukrainian studio of television films, the musical film Pisnia zavzhdy z namy features six songs of Volodymyr Ivasiuk, written for Sofia Rotaru. The young and beautiful singer starts a concert in a mountainous vacation resort music club in open air. This autobiographical scenario depicts true Ukrainian Moldavian origins of Sofia Rotaru in the bucolic atmosphere of melodic Northern Bukovina in Western Ukraine.
Production
The filming took place in the village Ploska in Putyla Raion. The main theme of the movie is the exploration of the artistic laboratory of Sofia Rotaru, who has always affirmed that her artistic path started from a stage in a village club.
Soundtrack
Notes
External links
Filmography of Sofia Riotaru
1975 films
1975 in the Soviet Union
1970s musical films
Ukrainian-language films
Soviet-era Ukrainian films
Films set in Ukraine
Soviet musical films
Ukrainian musical films |
17330162 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/153rd%20Regiment | 153rd Regiment | 153rd Regiment may refer to:
153rd (Highland) Transport Regiment, a unit of the United Kingdom Territorial Army
153rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment, a unit of the Union (North) Army during the American Civil War |
17330191 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/154th%20Regiment | 154th Regiment | 154th Regiment may refer to:
154th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment, a unit of the Union (North) Army during the American Civil War
154th Indiana Infantry Regiment, a unit of the Union (North) Army during the American Civil War
154th Ohio Infantry, a unit of the Union (North) Army during the American Civil War
154th Tennessee Infantry Regiment, a unit of the Confederate States (South) Army during the American Civil War
154th Infantry Regiment ("Third Arkansas"), a regiment of the United States Army during World War I
154th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps, a short-lived regiment of the British Army during World War II
154 (Scottish) Regiment RLC, a unit of the United Kingdom Territorial Army, formed in 1967 |
23573038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horka%20I | Horka I | Horka I is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
The Roman numeral in the name serves to distinguish it from the nearby municipality of the same name, Horka II.
Administrative parts
Villages of Borek and Svobodná Ves are administrative parts of Horka I.
Gallery
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
20467374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Until%20They%20Sail | Until They Sail | Until They Sail is a 1957 American black-and-white CinemaScope drama film directed by Robert Wise and starring Jean Simmons, Joan Fontaine, Paul Newman, Piper Laurie, and Sandra Dee. The screenplay by Robert Anderson, based on a story by James A. Michener included in his 1951 anthology Return to Paradise, focuses on four New Zealand sisters and their relationships with U.S. Marines during World War II.
Plot
The film opens in a Christchurch courtroom, where testimony prompts Barbara Leslie to flashback to the events that led to the trial. She and her sisters Anne, Evelyn, and Delia live in Christchurch, where most of the male residents, including their brother Kit and Barbara's new husband Mark, are preparing to leave for World War II duty. Delia announces her engagement to Phil "Shiner" Friskett, who is one of the city's few remaining bachelors, but word of Kit's death dampens the celebration. Repressed and judgmental spinster sister Anne disapproves of the upcoming nuptials, but Barbara defends Delia's decision.
Within weeks of the marriage, the sisters come to resent Shiner's abuse and are happy to see him leave for active duty. Delia moves to Wellington to work for the New Zealand Navy. When several hundred U.S. Marines are shipped to Christchurch following the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, the lonely local women are flattered by the attention they pay them. When Evelyn invites Capt. Richard "Dick" Bates to dinner, he declines the offer, but not without attracting Anne's eye.
Concerned about Delia, Anne sends Barbara to Wellington, where she discovers her sister is registered at the St. George Hotel under her maiden name. Shiner is now a prisoner of war, and Delia has become involved with an American lieutenant named Andy. She plans to divorce Shiner and emigrate to the United States. Andy introduces Barbara to his friend Jack Harding, a Marine reviewing the backgrounds of prospective New Zealand brides of American soldiers. Although Barbara intends to remain faithful to her husband, she finds herself attracted to Jack.
Back in Christchurch, Anne is outraged by the lewd comments made by American servicemen in the lingerie shop where she works and writes a letter of complaint to the local paper. Following its publication, Dick is sent to the Leslie home to deliver a formal apology on behalf of the Marine Corps. Anne invites him to dinner, and Dick arrives with a gift of perfume for each sister. Anne accuses him of trying to seduce them.
Soon after, Barbara and Anne learn of Mark's death in North Africa and Dick's departure for active duty. He eventually returns to New Zealand to recuperate from an injury, and a romance between him and Anne blossoms. He proposes, but before the required marital investigation can take place, he is given offshore duty, leaving Anne expecting their child and unsure of what the future holds for them.
Jack arrives at the Leslie home to conduct his investigation of Anne, and he advises her that wartime romances stem from loneliness rather than love. Barbara tells him his assessment is heartless. Shortly after, she discovers Dick's name on the latest casualty list. Weeks later, Jack runs into Barbara at a local dance, where she suggests he uses alcohol to avoid intimacy. He breaks down in her arms, and a strong friendship between the two blossoms.
Jack celebrates Christmas Eve with the Leslie family, which now includes Anne's newborn son. When he announces his imminent departure, he and Barbara share an amorous embrace. Months later, Evelyn's sweetheart Tommy returns from war and proposes to her. Barbara sees an item from Richard's mother in the personals section of the newspaper, containing a request from Dick's mother to hear from any New Zealand family who knew her son. After Barbara writes to her, Dick's mother sends money to finance Anne and her baby's move to Oklahoma to live with their family.
The day of Anne's departure coincides with the Japanese announcing the end of hostilities. Delia has arrived in Wellington to see Anne off and to ask Shiner, recently rescued from a P.O.W. camp, for a divorce so she can leave for America with her latest lover. Infuriated, Shiner kills his wife with a Japanese sword he brought back from the war.
Weeks later, during the murder trial, Jack is forced to reveal his investigation report detailing Delia's seven affairs with American soldiers. Upset that her sister's infidelities seemingly have justified her savage murder, Barbara refuses Jack's invitation to leave New Zealand with him. Upon reflection, she packs her belongings and arrives at Jack's hotel to tell him she's ready to embark upon a new life with him.
Cast
Jean Simmons as Barbara Leslie Forbes
Joan Fontaine as Anne Leslie
Paul Newman as Capt. Jack Harding
Piper Laurie as Delia Leslie Friskett
Charles Drake as Capt. Richard Bates
Sandra Dee as Evelyn Leslie
Wally Cassell as Phil Friskett
Alan Napier as Prosecution Attorney
Ralph Votrian as Max Murphy
John Wilder as Tommy
Tige Andrews as US Marine #1 (store customer)
Adam Kennedy as Lt. Andy
Mickey Shaughnessy as US Marine #2 (store customer)
Music
The score for the film was composed and conducted by David Raksin. The title song included lyrics by Sammy Cahn and was performed under the main titles by vocalist Eydie Gorme.
The complete score was issued on CD in 2009, on Film Score Monthly records.
Production
Robert Wise and Mark Robson had originally purchased the rights for Michener's story when they were at RKO. Casting problems forced them to delay the filming when the rights went to Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions who were going to cast Burt Lancaster. When the company made The Kentuckian instead, MGM acquired the rights, first intending their contract lead Glenn Ford playing the lead Marine. Robert Wise then reacquired the film through MGM in his last film of his contract with the studio.
Wise visited New Zealand to familiarise himself with the nation and the people, but filmed the movie on the MGM back lot.
He had originally intended to shoot the film in colour.
It was Sandra Dee's first film. (The 1957 Soviet animated feature The Snow Queen is often listed as Dee's first film credit, because she and other Hollywood stars did the voices for the English-language version, but that English-language audio was not actually made until 1959.)
Stewart Granger was once announced for the lead.
Box office
According to MGM records the film earned $745,000 in the US and Canada and $675,000 elsewhere, resulting in a loss of $1,055,000.
Critical reception
Bosley Crowther of The New York Times observed, "The genuine tugs at the heart are few and far between in this bittersweet but basically restrained chronicle. Robert Anderson's adaptation . . . is honest and straightforward . . . Unfortunately there is a good deal of introspective soul-searching before this narrative arrives at its sad and happy endings."
William K. Zinsser of the New York Herald Tribune wrote that the film "has moments of genuine tenderness and truth."
See also
List of American films of 1957
List of films set in New Zealand
References
External links
1957 films
American World War II films
Films set in New Zealand
1950s English-language films
American black-and-white films
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
CinemaScope films
Films about the United States Marine Corps
1957 drama films
Films based on short fiction
Films directed by Robert Wise
Films scored by David Raksin
Films based on works by James A. Michener
Films set on the home front during World War II
Christchurch in fiction |
17330215 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamestown%20Windmill | Jamestown Windmill | The Jamestown Windmill is a smock mill in Jamestown, Rhode Island within the Windmill Hill Historic District on North Road north of Weeden Lane.
The high windmill was built in 1787 to grind corn after the British occupational forces destroyed the previous mill around the time of the Battle of Rhode Island. It operated until 1896. Several renovations were done in the 20th century, and it is maintained by the Jamestown Historical Society. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
Images
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
References and external links
Jamestown tourism information - including hours of the mill
"Historic and Architectural Resources of Jamestown, Rhode Island," (Rhode Island Historical Preservation & Heritage Commission)
Agricultural buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Industrial buildings completed in 1787
Smock mills in the United States
Museums in Newport County, Rhode Island
Mill museums in the United States
Agricultural buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places
Buildings and structures in Jamestown, Rhode Island
Octagonal buildings in the United States
1787 establishments in Rhode Island
Windmills in Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island
Historic district contributing properties in Rhode Island |
23573039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanhopea%20tricornis | Stanhopea tricornis | Stanhopea tricornis is a species of orchid endemic to western South America (Colombia).
References
External links
tricornis
Orchids of Colombia |
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