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lighteval

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natural_questions_clean

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Evaluation datasets 58

[ "Port and starboard are nautical and aeronautical terms for left and right, respectively. Port is the left-hand side of a vessel or aircraft, facing forward. Starboard is the right-hand side, facing forward. Since port and starboard never change, they are unambiguous references that are not relative to the observer.[2][3]" ]

[ "left and right, respectively" ]

[ "From 2010 to 2016, Mixon starred as Victoria Flynn, Melissa McCarthy's sister, on the CBS sitcom Mike & Molly. She had dramatic parts in films Take Shelter (2011), Drive Angry (2011), and Hell or High Water (2016), and did voice over work in Minions (2015). In 2016, Mixon began starring as Katie Otto, the leading character in the ABC comedy series American Housewife." ]

[ "From 2010" ]

[ "Kevin Kline as Maurice, Belle's protective widowed father.[11]\n\nJolyon Coy portrays the young Maurice.\n\n" ]

[ "Kevin Kline" ]

[ "\n\nCharacter\nActor\nSeries/Episodes\nEpisode count \nYears\n\n\nDI Richard Poole\nBen Miller\n1.1-3.1\n17\n2011–2014\n\n\nDS Camille Bordey\nSara Martins\n1.1-4.4\n28\n2011–2015\n\n\nOfficer Dwayne Myers\nDanny John-Jules\n1.1-\n48\n2011-\n\n\nSergeant Fidel Best\nGary Carr\n1.1-3.8\n24\n2011–2014\n\n\nCommissioner Selwyn Patterson\nDon Warrington\n1.1-\n29\n2011-\n\n\nHarry the Lizard\nAnimated\n1.1-\nVarious\n2011-\n\n\nCatherine Bordey\nElizabeth Bourgine\n1.2-\n38\n2011-\n\n\nAidan Miles\nAdrian Dunbar\n1.7-1.8\n2\n2011\n\n\nDI Humphrey Goodman\nKris Marshall\n3.1-6.6\n30\n2014-17\n\n\nSally Goodman\nMorven Christie\n3.1, 3.8\n2\n2014\n\n\nDS Florence Cassell\nJosephine Jobert\n4.1-\n24\n2015-\n\n\nOfficer JP Hooper\nTobi Bakare\n4.5-\n20\n2015-\n\n\nMartin Goodman QC\nJames Fox[a]\n4.7-4.8\n2\n2015\n\n\nRosey Fabrice\nFola Evans Akingbola\n5.3, 5.5-5.6, 5.8\n4\n2016\n\n\nMartha Lloyd\nSally Bretton\n5.8-6.1, 6.3-6.4, 6.6\n5\n2016-2017\n\n\nDI Jack Mooney\nArdal O'Hanlon\n6.5-\n4\n2017-\n\n\nNelson Myers\nRam John Holder\n6.5-6.6\n2\n2017\n\n\nSiobhan Mooney\nGrace Stone\n6.6-\n3\n2017-\n\n" ]

[ "Kris Marshall" ]

[ "David Edward Williams, OBE (born 20 August 1971), known professionally as David Walliams, is an English comedian, actor, talent-show judge, author, presenter, and activist, known for his partnership with Matt Lucas on the BBC One sketch show Little Britain." ]

[ "David Edward Williams, OBE (born 20 August 1971), known professionally as David Walliams" ]

[ "Since the genre began, many shows have offered prizes of large sums of money to contestants; Teddy Nadler set the original monetary winnings record of $264,000 during his appearance on The $64,000 Challenge in 1957. Nadler was not surpassed until 1980, when Thom McKee won $312,700 on Tic-Tac-Dough. In 1999, John Carpenter won $1,000,000 on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, becoming the first person to win a seven-figure prize on an American game show. Since then, many players have gone on to win that amount and even surpassed it. As of 2015, Brad Rutter is the highest-earning American game show contestant of all time, having accumulated a total of $4,555,102. He succeeded Ken Jennings as the highest-earning contestant by virtue of his victory on May 16, 2014, in the Jeopardy! Battle of the Decades tournament." ]

[ "Brad Rutter" ]

[ "A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin. He began the first volume of the series, A Game of Thrones, in 1991, and it was published in 1996. Martin, who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy, has published five out of a planned seven volumes. The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011, A Dance with Dragons, took Martin six years to write. He is still writing the sixth novel, The Winds of Winter.\n" ]

[ "seven" ]

[ "Preamble to the Constitution of India is a brief introductory statement that sets out the guiding purpose and principles of the document, and it indicates the source from which the document derives its authority, meaning, the people.[1] The hopes and aspirations of the people as well as the ideals before our nation are described in the preamble in clear words. It may be considered as the heart and soul of Constitution. The preamble can be referred to as the preface which highlights the entire Constitution. It was adopted on 26 November 1949 by the Constituent Assembly and came into effect on 26th January 1950, secularism was included in the preamble of India on 18th March." ]

[ "the guiding purpose and principles of the document" ]

[ "The Nut Job 2: Nutty by Nature is a 2017 3D computer-animated comedy film directed by Escape from Planet Earth director Cal Brunker and written by Brunker, Bob Barlen and Scott Bindley. A sequel to The Nut Job (2014), it stars the voices of Will Arnett, Maya Rudolph, Jackie Chan, Katherine Heigl, Bobby Moynihan, Bobby Cannavale, Isabela Moner, Jeff Dunham, and Gabriel Iglesias. Produced by Gulfstream Pictures, Redrover International and ToonBox Entertainment, the film was released theatrically on August 11, 2017, by Open Road Films.\n" ]

[ "August 11, 2017" ]

[ "The score was composed by Joel McNeely. The soundtrack was released by Back Lot Music on May 27, 2014.[31] The theme song \"A Million Ways to Die\" is performed by Alan Jackson. It was released as a single on April 29, 2014.[32] A portion of the Back to the Future theme by Alan Silvestri is used during Christopher Lloyd's cameo.[10]\n" ]

[ "Alan Jackson" ]

[ "The ninth and final season of One Tree Hill, an American television series created by Mark Schwahn for The WB Television Network. The series was officially renewed by The CW for a ninth season on May 17, 2011; two days later, the network announced that the ninth season would serve as the series' final season. Premiering on January 11, 2012, the series aired its 13 episodes uninterrupted." ]

[ "January 11, 2012" ]

[ "Black Panther is a 2018 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, it is the eighteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film is directed by Ryan Coogler, who co-wrote the screenplay with Joe Robert Cole, and stars Chadwick Boseman as T'Challa / Black Panther, alongside Michael B. Jordan, Lupita Nyong'o, Danai Gurira, Martin Freeman, Daniel Kaluuya, Letitia Wright, Winston Duke, Angela Bassett, Forest Whitaker, and Andy Serkis. In Black Panther, T'Challa is crowned king of Wakanda following his father's death, but his sovereignty is challenged by an adversary who plans to abandon the country's isolationist policies and begin a global revolution.\n" ]

[ "Chadwick Boseman" ]

[ "\"Lotus Flower\" is a song by the English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on their eighth studio album The King of Limbs (2011). It features singer Thom Yorke's falsetto over syncopated beats and a \"propulsive\" bass line. Its music video, featuring Yorke's erratic dancing, spawned an internet meme." ]

[ "The King of Limbs" ]

[ "Originally considered for Gladys Knight & the Pips and later for Diana Ross, as \"I Wanna Be Free\", \"I Want You Back\" explores the theme of a lover who decides that he was too hasty in dropping his partner. An unusual aspect about \"I Want You Back\" was that its main lead vocal was performed by a tween, Michael Jackson." ]

[ "Michael Jackson" ]

[ "A Pirali Brahmin from Calcutta with ancestral gentry roots in Jessore, Tagore wrote poetry as an eight-year-old.[10] At the age of sixteen, he released his first substantial poems under the pseudonym Bhānusiṃha (\"Sun Lion\"), which were seized upon by literary authorities as long-lost classics.[11][12] By 1877 he graduated to his first short stories and dramas, published under his real name. As a humanist, universalist internationalist, and ardent anti-nationalist,[13] he denounced the British Raj and advocated independence from Britain. As an exponent of the Bengal Renaissance, he advanced a vast canon that comprised paintings, sketches and doodles, hundreds of texts, and some two thousand songs; his legacy also endures in the institution he founded, Visva-Bharati University.[14][15][16][17][18]" ]

[ "Bhānusiṃha" ]

[ "No.TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air date [8]Prod.code [8]U.S. viewers(millions)1\"#Pilot\"Steve HoeferDan SchneiderJune 8, 2013 (2013-06-08)1014.16[9][10]\nSet after the events of the iCarly series finale \"iGoodbye\", Sam Puckett (Jennette McCurdy, reprising her role from iCarly) arrives at a food truck in Los Angeles, and sees a girl get dumped into a garbage truck. Sam runs off to save her. Later, the girl introduces herself as Cat Valentine (Ariana Grande, reprising her role from Victorious). To thank Sam, Cat lets her reside at her grandmother Nona's apartment with her. The next day, Cat learns Sam took Nona to a retirement community called Elderly Acres. While heading out to see her, Sam and Cat run into three kids, Chloe, Max, and Darby, whom Nona was supposed to babysit. They take the kids with them to Elderly Acres, and the kids drive off on an electric wheelchair. Cat and Nona's neighbor Dice (Cameron Ocasio) helps the girls track down the three kids at Inside-Out Burger. The restaurant's manager faints after chasing around the kids on the wheelchair. The girls perform their version of CPR on him and save him. They are rewarded with free cheeseburgers for the rest of their lives. Afterward, Sam gets ready to leave, but Cat, not wanting to stay alone, asks her to stay. Sam agrees and they become roommates.\n\nGuest stars: Griffin Kane as Max; Emily Skinner as Chloe\n2\"#FavoriteShow\"Steve HoeferDan SchneiderJune 15, 2013 (2013-06-15)1022.58[11]\nSam and Cat attempt to save their favorite TV show That's a Drag from being cancelled while babysitting two annoying kids named Bob and Ethan, but despite Cat's best and desperate efforts, she and Sam are unable to convince the producer to keep the show airing. Sam asks for Dice's help in stealing a zebra-print lamp from the show so she can give it to Cat. Sam creates a distraction by faking an injury, and Dice tries to steal the lamp. Dice is caught, but Sam manages to trick the workers into delivering all the show's props to their apartment rather than to the warehouse. Sam and Dice decorate the apartment with the props, and they surprise an overjoyed Cat. And though Cat is worried that Nona will be mad at her for removing the old furniture, when Nona stops by she fails to notice any difference.\n3\"#TheBritBrats\"Adam WeissmanDan Schneider & Jake FarrowJune 22, 2013 (2013-06-22)1043.11[14]\nWhile Cat babysits two polite British girls, Gwen and Ruby, Dice notices that they have a \"Pear Phone 6\", a phone that hasn't yet been released in America. Dice strikes a deal with them to buy five new Pear Phones for $500. When he gets the package, he realizes they tricked him and sold him rocks instead. Cat visits the girls to see what went wrong, and ends up trading her bike for bibble, a fictional popcorn snack that she covets. However instead of bibble, she receives a tin of cotton swabs. In the end, they trick the British brats in a bingo game at Elderly Acres and get their stuff back with the help of two police officers who perform a fake raid. Dice gets his money back, Cat gets her bike back, and Sam gets her community service form signed.\n\nGuest stars: Sophia Grace Brownlee & Rosie McClelland as Gwen and Ruby[12][13]\n4\"#NewGoat\"Steve HoeferDan Schneider & Warren BellJune 29, 2013 (2013-06-29)1032.96[15]\nThe girls babysit a pygmy goat given to them by Dice. Their landlord's son, Dilben, threatens them with eviction as goats are not allowed in their apartment. Sam and Cat try to convince Dilben that they have gotten rid of the goat, but Dilben sees it and threatens to notify his father. He also warns them that they need to live with an adult. Sam, Cat, Dice, and Dice's client Goomer hatch a scheme to convince the landlord that the two girls indeed live with an adult and do not have a goat. They ultimately find out, however, that Dilben's father is not the landlord, and that the man he has been passing off as his father is, in fact, an actor.\n\nGuest stars: Zoran Korach as Goomer; Griffin Kane as Max; Emily Skinner as Chloe; River Alexander as Dilben\n5\"#TextingCompetition\"Russ ReinselDan Schneider & Christopher J. NowakJuly 13, 2013 (2013-07-13)1083.38[16]\nSam and Cat babysit Butler, a champion speed-texter, and discover that Sam is also a fast texter. She and Butler enter a texting competition and the two make the finals. Before the finals begin, Butler's mom glues Sam's hand to Cat's foot to ensure Butler can win more easily. Sam ends up texting with one hand, and Butler drops his phone on purpose to get back at his mother. Butler is content with his consolation prize, a bike. Cat, on the other hand, is shocked at the size of the speed boat that she and Sam won. Neither of them care to meet the Vice President of the United States, another prize for winning the competition.\n\nGuest stars: Jack DeSena as Host of Texting Competition; Susan Huckle as Debbie Torso (Mrs. Torso); Jake Brennan as Butler Torso\n6\"#BabysitterWar\"Steve HoeferDan Schneider & Christopher J. NowakJuly 20, 2013 (2013-07-20)1053.29[17]\nAfter Sam and Cat babysit Benny, he leaves, saying, \"You are the best babysitter ever!\". The two argue about which girl he meant, and decide to make their next appointment a competition to see which of the two is the better babysitter, with the winner getting the master bedroom. When they babysit Daisy, Jarvis, and Sophie, they each do things to get the kids to like them. Sam and Cat then ask them which of the two they like better, and it turns out to be a tie since Sophie didn't want to choose. The babysitters realize they work best as a team and share the master bedroom.\n\nGuest stars: Rachel Eggleston, Justin Ellings, Ellee Jo Trowbridge\n7\"#GoomerSitting\"Adam WeissmanDan Schneider & Warren BellJuly 27, 2013 (2013-07-27)1062.66[18]\nDice asks Sam and Cat to babysit Goomer for one night, while Dice goes to Phoenix for hair modeling. They agree to do so, with conditions. The babysitting doesn't go as planned, as Cat accidentally puts Goomer's tongue-drop medicine in his eyes, blinding him the night before his big match against the undefeated John \"Skull Crusher\" Zakappa. During the fight, Goomer's chances are as good as his impaired vision, but he ends up winning after the \"Skull Crusher\" enrages him by making fun of Dice's hair (which is happening as Goomer's vision returns). Afterward, Zakappa cries that he wants a re-match and when he pushes Sam aside, after she tells him to accept the defeat, she wrestles him to the mat where the fight took place.\n\nGuest star: Zoran Korach as Goomer\n8\"#ToddlerClimbing\"Adam WeissmanDan Schneider & Jake FarrowAugust 3, 2013 (2013-08-03)1072.87[19]\nSam and Cat find out they have been receiving negative reviews on a web site following a cancelled appointment. Sam calls up her tech-savvy friend Freddie (a former iCarly character who later appears in \"#TheKillerTunaJump\") who traces the authors of the reviews. It is discovered all of the reviews came from the same location, the house of a competing babysitting service. Sam and Cat then go to the house and confront those babysitters. Sam warns them to delete the reviews and threatens to beat them up, but Cat reminds her about the babysitter code. They then send Dice, dressed as a child with a hat cam, to spy on the competing babysitters and discover that they have set up a toddler-climbing competition in their basement to gamble. Sam and Cat go to their house again and threaten to upload the video of their competition unless they delete the reviews and stop babysitting.\n9\"#MommaGoomer\"Dan FrischmanDan Schneider & Christopher J. NowakAugust 10, 2013 (2013-08-10)1112.48[20]\nGoomer's mother comes to town, having no idea her son is an MMA fighter. Sam and Cat must help convince her that he is a high school history teacher instead, because if she finds out his real job, she will take him back home to Louisiana. The girls set up a fake class at Hollywood Arts (the school Cat attends, going back to Victorious), but their plan falls apart when Mr. Sikowitz doesn't find an online charity Goomer is associated with. Goomer then admits to his mom that he is indeed a fighter; she becomes outraged and makes him pack his things. When the group enters an alleyway near Goomer's apartment, three thugs try to steal his mom's purse, prompting him to beat them up. She then realizes the benefits of his talent and allows him to stay in L.A., while she goes on a date with one of the police officers who arrived at the scene of the incident.\n\nGuest stars: Eric Lange as Mr. Sikowitz (reprising his role from Victorious); Zoran Korach as Goomer\n10\"#BabysittingCommercial\"Steve HoeferDan Schneider & Warren BellSeptember 14, 2013 (2013-09-14)1122.33[21]\nSam and Cat make a commercial for their business, which features Dice's dog \"Opee\". A rich family comes to the girls' apartment and claims the dog is theirs. They point out that they lost their dog six months earlier, around the time Dice found Opee in an alley, and demand it be returned. Their daughter is champion of a dog dancing competition, and the dog is key to her routine. When they don't get the dog back, they threaten to return with a court order and a police officer. Sam and Cat try several animal shelters, looking for an identical dog. They finally find one that looks exactly like Opee, but the owner of the shelter says it's vicious. After they give the identical dog to the family, the daughter re-enters the dog dancing competition, and the dog violently attacks her on live television when she picks it up.\n11\"#RevengeOfTheBritBrats\"Adam WeissmanDan Schneider & Warren BellSeptember 21, 2013 (2013-09-21)1092.32[22]\nGwen and Ruby return for another vacation from England and drive a wedge between Sam and Cat. They finally repay Cat with a real can of bibble, Sam with a vibrating motorcycle helmet, and both sitters with a special British toilet plunger. In reality, Gwen and Ruby are using these gifts for a revenge plot in retaliation for what happened to them in the bingo game (see \"#TheBritBrats\" above). Gwen reclaims Cat's can of bibble and sprinkles some bibble crumbs onto Sam's bed. Later, she paints Sam's motorcycle pink, while Ruby paints Cat's hand likewise. Sam and Cat argue with one another over these incidents, thinking they did it to each other for revenge. They part ways the next day to calm down. At Punchy's Gym, Goomer rationally points out to Sam that it could have simply been Gwen and Ruby's revenge. Nona relays the same logic to Cat at Bots. The girls gladly reunite and plot revenge against Gwen and Ruby. In order to trick the young Brits, they pretend to engage in a colossal fight in their apartment, and Sam uses the toilet plunger to make it look as if Cat has died. Never having wanted their revenge plot to escalate to death, Gwen and Ruby feel wretched about what they have done and quickly turn against one another, throwing a fit outside. Sam and Cat happily observe the fight, leaving the two to duke it out until they decide they need to call Gwen and Ruby's uncle.\n\nGuest stars: Sophia Grace Brownlee & Rosie McClelland as Gwen and Ruby; Zoran Korach as Goomer\n12\"#MotorcycleMystery\"Steve HoeferDan Schneider & Jake FarrowSeptember 28, 2013 (2013-09-28)1102.47[23]\nCat has a test coming up, so Dice, Goomer and Sam leave her to study, and head to a mixed-martial arts fight. When the three return, they find Cat asleep and handcuffed to a small, angry, foreign man. Sam's motorcycle is also missing, prompting her to wake up Cat, who cannot remember anything that happened because of a drug misuse. She also wonders why her hair is blue, but finds out she was with Nona at Elderly Acres earlier in the day. The gang heads there first in search of answers, and finds out Cat then went to Bots with an elderly man, who took her on Sam's motorcycle. So they head to Bots next and look through security footage. They discover John Zakappa (whom Goomer fought in the episode \"#GoomerSitting\") stole the motorcycle, and Cat handcuffed herself to Zakappa's friend Hector. The gang meets with Zakappa to retrieve the motorcycle in exchange for his friend, but he gets tricked as Sam and Cat decide to keep Hector. \n\nGuest star: Zoran Korach as Goomer\n13\"#SecretSafe\"Adam WeissmanDan Schneider & Jake FarrowOctober 5, 2013 (2013-10-05)1131.97[24]\nSam discovers a safe in her bedroom closet, and attempts to crack it. The girls decide to look after Dice after he complains about having to go with his mom and aunt to Puzzle-Con for the weekend. Dice then complains after Sam and Cat say no to his going to a poker game with college students. But when Sam finally unlocks the safe, and the girls check out an abandoned room inside, Dice locks them in and sneaks out. The girls stay stranded in the room for a long time, until Goomer frees them. Sam and Cat soon realize that Dice never went to any poker game, but was instead dancing at a kid's birthday party, to earn money to replace his mom's laptop. They lock Dice in the safe as punishment for what he put them through.\n\nGuest star: Zoran Korach as Goomer\n14\"#OscarTheOuch\"Russ ReinselDan Schneider & Dave MalkoffOctober 12, 2013 (2013-10-12)1152.15[25]\nWhen Cat saves an old man at Elderly Acres from getting hit by a scooter, the man's daughter asks the babysitting duo to look after her accident-prone son, Oscar. The boy is limited to using a rubber cup for his drinks, and eating cold, wet noodles without any utensils. Cat feels sorry for Oscar, so she plans to make his day as fun as possible, while trying to keep him safe with the help of the gang. However, a series of \"predicaments\" happen to Oscar while in Sam and Cat's care, leading his mother to chastise the duo when she picks him up. Oscar stands up for the girls, saying that even though he got hurt, he actually had fun.\n\nGuest star: Zoran Korach as Goomer\n15\"#DollSitting\"Steve HoeferDan Schneider & Christopher J. NowakOctober 19, 2013 (2013-10-19)1142.63[26]\nOn Halloween night, Sam dresses up like Cat while Cat dresses up like a genie. Sam and Cat are hired by Mr. Drange, a man Cat met by a graveyard, to babysit a creepy doll he calls Clarice. Dice gives Cat a spell book, and Cat tries to use a spell on him. She later suspects she may have turned him into a monkey, but Sam tries to convince Cat that Dice was not affected by the spell. Meanwhile, the doll seems to be in a new location every time Sam and Cat look at it, terrifying them. Mr. Drange returns and instructs them to take Clarice to a Del DeVille concert. While performing his latest song, Del recognizes Clarice, who has caused him nothing but trouble; consequently, Sam and Cat, as well as the doll, are escorted out by security guards. Afterward, Cat gets annoyed with Mr. Drange and complains, telling him to stop pretending the doll is his daughter as he is freaking everyone out. In a twist ending, the doll comes to life as a little girl, revealing that Clarice is really Mr. Drange's daughter.\n16\"#PeezyB\"Paul Coy Allen[27]Dan Schneider & Jake FarrowNovember 2, 2013 (2013-11-02)1193.02[28][29]\nCat's audition to appear in a Peezy B music video ends in tears. She says the famous rapper was mean to her, ridiculing her hair, her dancing, and the hat she wore to the audition. This angers Sam, and she is set to give Peezy a taste of her revenge. As she confronts him, however, Peezy realizes she has the \"swaggy spunk\" and hires her to be his new assistant. This proves to be a hardship for Cat, as she faces difficulties babysitting without Sam, so Cat finds someone to take Sam's place. In the end, seeing how much it has affected Cat, Sam quits as Peezy's assistant.\n\nGuest stars: Kel Mitchell as Peezy B; Zoran Korach as Goomer; Griffin Kane as Max; Emily Skinner as Chloe\n17\"#SalmonCat\"Russ ReinselDan Schneider & Christopher J. NowakNovember 9, 2013 (2013-11-09)1172.36[30]\nSam and Cat are ordered by a lawyer to rename their babysitting business because it is too similar to the name of a popular kids' TV show from the 1970s, Salmon Cat. They track down the show's two original creators—Sylvia Burke and Janice Dobbins—and seek to have the trademark infringement suit revoked. However, they soon realize Sylvia and Janice are not on speaking terms after quarreling over a trophy for their show, more than 30 years ago. So the babysitters devise a plan to get the two to meet, but things go wrong when they fight, and injure each other. Ultimately, Sylvia and Janice sign the papers, which allow Sam and Cat to keep the name of their babysitting service.\nGuest stars: Penny Marshall and Cindy Williams as Sylvia Burke and Janice Dobbins\n\nNote: Marshall and Williams are best known for portraying the title characters of the '70s sitcom Laverne & Shirley. The opening moments of this episode's theme song parody the opening part of the Laverne & Shirley theme song.\n18\"#Twinfection\"Steve HoeferDan Schneider & Jake FarrowNovember 16, 2013 (2013-11-16)1162.39[31]\nWhen Cat attempts a magic trick on Sam, and fails, Sam comes to the conclusion that Cat is not as smart as she. Determined to outsmart her roommate, Cat finds two twin boys at Bots and asks their mom if she can babysit them. The elaborate scheme Cat and the twins pull off to trick Sam works, and Cat celebrates her victory in song. Sam seeks revenge by getting her twin sister Melanie (Jennette McCurdy, reprising a dual role from the iCarly episode \"iTwins\") out to Los Angeles from her boarding school in Vermont, then making up an illness known as \"twinfection\". The two devise a plan using the \"twinfection\" premise, and play a trick on Cat.\n\nGuest star: Zoran Korach as Goomer\n19\"#MyPoober\"Steve HoeferDan Schneider & Warren BellNovember 23, 2013 (2013-11-23)1182.91[32]\nSam and Cat are about to babysit an eleven-year-old girl named Ellie, but the girl's mom talks to them first wanting to make a deal with the two to get rid of Poober, Ellie's stuffed animal since she was three. They soon find out Ellie is overprotective of Poober and refuses to give it up. Even when Cat is able to get Poober away from Ellie through persuasion, which also leads Cat to blab the secret of where she and Sam stash their babysitting money, a small storage container disguised as a pineapple, Ellie finds a way to get Poober back. The duo discuss ways to dispose of Poober and decide on sending it into outer space. They use Goomer's toy rocket for Poober's farewell, but before they launch the rocket, Ellie wants to have a final moment with her companion. She ends up rescuing Poober, and replacing it with the pineapple full of Sam and Cat's money. As the rocket doesn't go far, Goomer drives Sam, Cat, Dice, and Ellie to track it down. They find it in a graveyard, where Sam and Cat reclaim their pineapple and leave Ellie stranded with the caretaker.\n\nGuest star: Zoran Korach as Goomer\n20\"#MadAboutShoe\"Steve HoeferStory by : Lisa Lillien Teleplay by : Dan Schneider & Christopher J. NowakNovember 30, 2013 (2013-11-30)1202.27[33]\nSam eats all of the meatballs that Cat has prepared for a special moon dinner, and is wanting more. While the two are on their way to the store to get ingredients for more meatballs, Cat becomes obsessed with a pink shoe she finds in some bushes and then wears. Cat promises Sam she will make more meatballs after she finds the matching pink shoe. They eventually discover, through a clip from a reality show and a newspaper article, the shoe Cat found belongs to Stacey Dillsen (Abby Wilde, reprising her role from Zoey 101). They visit the hospitalized Stacey, seriously injured in the bike accident the two saw in the reality show clip, and they obtain the other shoe. They steal their way out of the hospital, and enjoy a fresh batch of meatballs to celebrate the special moon event.\n\nGuest star: Abby Wilde as Stacey Dillsen\n21\"#MagicATM\"Adam WeissmanDan Schneider & Christopher J. NowakJanuary 4, 2014 (2014-01-04)1233.15[34][35]\nAt a convenience store called Handy Quick, Cat shows Sam an ATM which gives away \"free\" money whenever a special code is entered. Cat takes advantage of the ATM's quirk, getting money from it regularly, not realizing it is wrong. Even Sam warns her of the consequences, but the girls use the money to buy stuff anyway. Yokvish, the store's clerk, eventually catches Cat in the act of emptying the ATM, and informs an approaching policeman who arrests Cat on the spot. With Sam joining her roommate in the police car, the two unexpectedly find themselves in a high-speed pursuit of a stolen car on their way to the station. Due to a lapse in judgment that causes the arresting officer to fall asleep at the wheel, Sam ends up taking the law into her own hands and catches the car thief by herself. Later, the police repossess everything Sam and Cat bought with the stolen money, and inform the girls they need to pay back what they took from the ATM. Sam and Cat get off the hook when Yokvish doesn't press charges against them, and even more so after the police discuss the person Sam caught, a criminal wanted in three states, resulting in a reward that more than covers the money they stole.\n\nGuest stars: Scott Baio as Officer Kelvin; Freedom as Policeman #1; Zoran Korach as Goomer (only appears in the credits)\n22\"#Lumpatious\"Russ ReinselDan Schneider & Jake FarrowJanuary 11, 2014 (2014-01-11)1223.38[38]\nSam and Cat help Lucas, a boy they're babysitting, with his vocabulary at Bots. As the time arrives for him to go home, Lucas informs his sitters that his brother Jepson is picking him up rather than his mom. Jepson's reputation makes him hated by most, and he mocks Cat for using the word nonconscious (instead of unconscious). It provokes Lucas into calling his brother lumpatious, which Jepson says is not a real word. Sam and Cat make a bet with Jepson that it is a word, but then find no proof of the word's existence in any dictionary, including the most authoritative Oxnard English Dictionary. Determined to bring the word into existence, the girls go to Oxnard and meet the \"Word Keepers\", who say the two must provide evidence of the word's use, and would accept a famous person's saying the word. Well, the girls have no luck with their mission, until they catch the governor of New Jersey at Inside-Out Burger, where they get him to say lumpatious on video, despite the security surrounding his van. With the evidence they need, Sam and Cat show the video to the Word Keepers, who then add the word to the dictionary. Jepson then goes through the humiliation of losing the bet.\n\nNote: The governor of New Jersey in this episode is listed in the credits as Governor Jenkins (Timothy E. Goodwin),[36] and is a spoof of Governor Chris Christie of New Jersey.[37]\n23\"#TheKillerTunaJump: #Freddie #Jade #Robbie\"[8]Adam WeissmanDan Schneider & Warren BellJanuary 18, 2014 (2014-01-18)999[8] (124–25[41][42])4.84[43][44]\nJade and Sam meet and become good friends. Cat becomes jealous and takes it personally, so she calls Sam's old friend Freddie. She lies that Sam has been in an accident and gets him to LA. Freddie is shocked when he arrives at the apartment. Sam befriends Cat's old friend Robbie, and kisses him to make Cat even more mad with her. Dice buys some tuna fish from the \"dirty skipper\" by gambling but he didn't know they were dangerous. He has to find a place to keep them but needs the money. Sam volunteers to jump the killer tuna fish. Cat thinks this is crazy and takes Sam's place by locking her up. Sam breaks out and saves Freddie as he falls into the pit full of tuna fish. Robbie still needed saving. After the incident, Sam and Cat are at the hospital where they make up with Freddie and Robbie.[39]\nGuest stars: Elizabeth Gillies as Jade West from Victorious; Nathan Kress as Freddie Benson from iCarly; Matt Bennett as Robbie Shapiro from Victorious. Mary Scheer has a cameo role as Marissa Benson from iCarly\n\nNote: This is a one-hour extended episode.[40] It is the highest rated episode of the series.\n24\"#YayDay\"Steve HoeferDan Schneider & Warren BellJanuary 20, 2014 (2014-01-20)1212.93[45]\nCat invents a holiday called \"Yay Day\" so she can buy gifts for and receive gifts from everyone. Sam initially does not embrace the idea of a holiday just for presents, but eventually warms to it and goes shopping for everyone, including Cat, whom Sam does not trust because of her tendency to snoop. And Cat does just that, the night before the holiday, peeking at what Sam got her and finding it insulting. That prompts Cat the next day to trade an expensive coat she got Sam for a stained, dirty pillow, which she then presents as Sam's present. In the end, Cat finds out that the present labeled for her was actually for Goomer, and that Sam merely mixed up the gift tags; what Sam actually purchased for her roommate was something she truly wanted. Sam then leaves the apartment, upset over her unwanted present, and Cat later finds her near a sidewalk. The two have a talk, with Sam telling Cat about an unpleasant gift her mom gave her when she was nine. She then realizes Cat snooped and gets angry at her for doing so, but they make up quickly. Cat apologizes for giving Sam the pillow and is glad they are friends.\n25\"#BrainCrush\"Dan FrischmanDan Schneider & Jake FarrowFebruary 8, 2014 (2014-02-08)1262.74[46][47]\nSam and Cat attend a birthday party at Bots, where the kids are all playing a new game called \"Brain Crush\". The game is so addictive that none of them pay attention to the party. Later, Dice becomes brainwashed by the game, then Nona, and her fellow elderlies at Elderly Acres; even a police officer cannot resist it. Cat almost tries Brain Crush herself, but Sam pulls her away in time. Meanwhile, Cat prepares to star in a play called Baberaham Lincoln (where she portrays a British, female version of Abraham Lincoln). With her entire audience focused on Brain Crush, though, they ignore her performance, and Cat runs off crying. In order to make it up to Cat, Sam enlists martial arts kids from a nearby dojo to destroy the audience's electronic devices, thus forcing them to watch the end of Cat's play.\n26\"#BlueDogSoda\"Adam WeissmanChristopher J. Nowak & Dan SchneiderFebruary 15, 2014 (2014-02-15)1272.50[48]\nSam and Cat find out their favorite beverage, Blue Dog Soda, has been banned statewide due to its high sugar content. A gruff government agent named Mark Bonner confiscates the remaining soda at Handy Quick, and happens to see a sign advertising Sam and Cat as babysitters. Defying the ban, the girls involve themselves, along with Goomer and Dice, in a secret manufacturing operation. Cat figures out the soda's recipe and sales take off, yet the gang becomes paranoid and decides to shut production down. Before they can, agent Bonner shows up at the apartment, and the girls panic, assuming he knows about their illegal venture; he is only there so they can babysit his son. The gang briefly resumes production, this time to stockpile soda for themselves. When Bonner returns, he hears an explosion and quickly figures out what's happening. Just as he is about to apprehend the gang, Sam, Cat, Goomer, and Dice point out the hypocrisy of banning various products or habits that are only dangerous in excess. Bonner sees what they are saying and feels remorse; they are then allowed to drink the soda.\n\nGuest star: Lee Reherman as Mark Bonner\n27\"#BlooperEpisode\"Adam WeissmanDan Schneider & Jake FarrowFebruary 22, 2014 (2014-02-22)1282.72[49]\nThe Sam & Cat cast are on a lunch break from filming Sam & Cat, while the cast is interrupted by fans of the show. The episode includes blooper clips, dancing clips, outtake clips, prop problem clips, exciting clips, yawning montage clips and even some Drake & Josh bloopers.\nNote: the episodes of Drake & Josh can be seen on Goomer's fourth clip are Football & Megan's First Kiss.\n\nGuest star: Michael Eric Reid, who played Sinjin on Victorious\n28\"#FresnoGirl\"Steve HoeferDan Schneider & Christopher J. NowakMarch 15, 2014 (2014-03-15)1292.74[50]\nSam and Cat babysit a girl named Kim, who is struggling with math in school. When Kim reveals she wants a Fresno Girl doll more than anything, the duo agree to buy her one if she excels on her math test. And she does, so Sam and Cat stick to the deal and take Kim to the Fresno Girl doll store, but they get charged a steep price not only for the doll Kim wants, but also countless \"accessories\" for it. When Sam later accidentally damages Kim's doll, she and Cat take it back to the store, only to face another steep price for the repair. Sam gets revenge by feeding Fudge Piles (an extremely chewy dessert Cat came up with) to the salespeople, and announcing that merchandise is free while they are unable to talk. Meanwhile, a t-shirt Goomer wears for luck at MMA fights is missing, and he posts fliers to help him find it. The flier is misleading because of how Goomer designs it, making people think he is missing. So after Randy's scout troop finds Goomer, and not the shirt, they are expecting the stated reward and hold him captive until they receive it. Later, Cat discovers Kim lied about her math test and did not pass after all. In order to keep her doll, and also in exchange for Goomer's return, Kim agrees to a date with Randy. As for Goomer's t-shirt, it turns out he was wearing it backwards the entire time.\n29\"#StuckInABox\"Dan FrischmanDan Schneider & Warren BellMarch 22, 2014 (2014-03-22)1302.47[51]\nSam has bought tickets for Mystic Mountain, a reopening theme park with roller coasters both she and Cat are eager to ride. Dice and Goomer show up at the girls' apartment and present a giant, metal box that he claims to be used as a magic trick, which can make people disappear. Cat volunteers for the magic trick, only to end up locked in the box. As attempts to free Cat from the box prove futile, and the gang is just hours away from heading to Mystic Mountain, they bring the box to a local magic shop where a famous magician named Vance Anderson works. Vance has the tools to unlock the box, but he also behaves obnoxiously by flirting with Sam and insulting Dice. Regardless, Cat is still trapped after Vance confirms the box is defective. The gang then decides to bring the box, with Cat inside, for the drive to the theme park, except the box is thrust out of the car when Goomer hits a bump in the road, leaving Cat stuck on the side of the road.\n30\"#SuperPsycho\"Steve HoeferDan Schneider & Warren BellMarch 29, 2014 (2014-03-29)1333.96[52]\nWhen Nora Dershlit (Danielle Morrow reprising her role from the iCarly episodes \"iPsycho\" and \"iStill Psycho\") breaks out of prison, she seeks revenge on the iCarly gang. With Carly in Italy, she turns her attention on Sam and obtains her address in Los Angeles from Gibby Gibson (Noah Munck reprising his role from iCarly). Nora spies on Sam, Cat, and Dice at Bots, and kidnaps Dice shortly afterwards. Sam and Cat search frantically for Dice, and learn from Gibby that Nora is responsible for his disappearance. Sam and Cat visit Sam's old nemesis Nevel Papperman (Reed Alexander reprising his role from iCarly) in a mental institute and Nevel deduces that Nora is hiding Dice in an abandoned house. Cat tries to get information out of Nora, but gets trapped in a well where Dice happens to be. Sam arrives just in time to save Cat and Dice, but Nora challenges her to a fight, having worked out in prison for two years. However, on her first kick, Sam grabs her leg and easily pushes Nora down the well. Sam rescues Cat and Dice, and Nora is taken to a maximum security prison. At the end, Nevel escapes from his mental hospital and is having dinner with Gibby.\nGuest stars: Noah Munck as Gibby Gibson; Reed Alexander as Nevel Papperman; Danielle Morrow as Nora; Anthony Heald as Dr. Slarm\n\nNote: This episode contained extended content leading into the 2014 Kids' Choice Awards.\n31\"#DroneBabyDrone\"Russ ReinselDan Schneider & Jake FarrowApril 12, 2014 (2014-04-12)1312.19[53]\nAfter Cat watches the news for her homework, she and Sam become fascinated by a story about an online vendor that delivers its packages via flying drones. The girls order several useless items, happily receiving them even as the buggy drone smashes their kitchen window. A customer service representative from the retailer shows up, offering them discounted delivery to make up for the problems. Sam and Cat then start ordering as much as possible, to the detriment of their babysitting service. Nona and Dice step in to help out, only to watch a drone mistake one of their infants for a return product and carry it away in its car seat. The gang panics, knowing the baby's mother will soon arrive, and they go to the retailer's factory to find the child. The customer service representative from before approaches them, again with the cheerful attitude that this is a routine mishap, and brings them to a room full of items mistakenly taken by the drones: pets, babies, mailboxes, wigs, etc. They cannot initially identify the correct baby, but Sam pushes Nona to the floor, successfully reproducing an incident which caused the baby to laugh back at their house. One of the drones ends up removing Nona's wig before leaving.\n32\"#FirstClassProblems\"Steve HoeferDan Schneider & Christopher J. NowakApril 26, 2014 (2014-04-26)1322.52[55]\nAfter an exhausting babysitting session with two hot-tempered children named Phillip and Kelly Baum, Sam and Cat are offered by their family butler to escort the two to the Bahamas in first class. However, a miscommunication involving the Baum's personal timer devices, and a panicked airport security system shuts down the airport. Dice & Goomer, who brought the timers, are interrogated by two agents, who quickly become exasperated with Goomer's whining and Dice's frustration. To make matters worse, the girls' tickets are unable to get them out of the waiting room, where a distraught Coco Wexler (Jessica Chaffin reprising her role from Zoey 101) is moping over the fact that Carl divorced her and proposed to her mother. After a grueling interrogation, Goomer requests chocolate milk, but upon receiving it, splashes the lady in the face and runs away with Dice in tow. Once again, the airport is shut down, but now with the kids and other people being the only passengers unable to board as Goomer tosses the bag with the timer devices to Sam and Cat.\n\nGuest stars: Jessica Chaffin as Coco Wexler; Josh Server as Agent Partridge[54]\n33\"#KnockOut\"Russ Reinsel[56]Dan Schneider & Jake FarrowJune 7, 2014 (2014-06-07)1342.45[57]\nGoomer claims he is getting picked on by a fellow MMA fighter at Punchy's gym, but the supposed \"bully\" is actually a female fighter named Rita Rooney, the reigning MMA champion who is really being nice to him. While trying to help Goomer impress Rita at Punchy's, Sam knocks out Rita in a sparring match, becomes famous, and enters the world of MMA fighting. Sam is slated to engage in a real fight with Rita three weeks later. An aggressive trainer puts Sam through rigorous training, but Sam, known for being lazy and hating work, gets fed up and cancels the fight. Sam's decision prompts Rita to take a break from her career, and she joins Sam and Cat at their apartment, along with others, to watch a movie.\n34\"#WeStealARockStar\"Steve HoeferDan Schneider & Christopher J. NowakJuly 12, 2014 (2014-07-12)1352.41[58]\nFor Goomer's new job, he is assigned to be a bodyguard for Del DeVille (who was previously seen in \"#DollSitting\"). When Goomer accidentally tells Sam, Cat, and Dice where Del DeVille always gets lunch they plan to wait for him by the Taco Truck (where he gets lunch). While Goomer gets Del's glasses, Cat ties her big balloon to a little girl's toy scooter, it floats away. Sam sees this and borrows a Spear Fisherman's spear gun and shoots the truck down, which knocks out Del DeVille. They then take him to their house; when he awakes he decides to call the police so Sam knocks him out a second time. The three tie him to Sam's bed until he promises not to say anything about the incident. After a few days, while Cat is fixing Andre's (her friend from Victorious) guitar she tests it out by playing an eight second snippet, which Del DeVille loves so much he promises not to say anything about what has happened in return for Cat giving him her guitar snippet. Three months later, Del DeVille's new song is famous for Cat's eight second snippet. Another three months later, Del DeVille is being sued $26 million for that eight second snippet, because apparently it was not Cat's original guitar snippet, and it sounded like a song from the 1979 hit by Monkey Dew. Then, they all agree that Del would have been way better if they had never met him.\n35\"#GettinWiggy\"Russ ReinselStory by : Andrew Thomas Teleplay by : Dan Schneider & Warren BellJuly 17, 2014 (2014-07-17)1363.40[59]\nCat accompanies Dice to a job modeling hair for a cover boy magazine photo shoot in Arizona. Sam asks Nona to stay at her apartment while Cat is away and Nona proves to be a dream roommate, by making lavish dinners, doing Sam's laundry, etc. At the magazine shoot, when another boy named Jet is poised to win the coveted cover photo, Cat becomes convinced he is wearing a wig and she tries to blow it off his head with a large fan. Instead, she makes Jet look even better and he is crowned the magazine's new cover boy. Cat tries to rip his wig off, but he isn't wearing a wig and Cat gets arrested. Jet has to go to a scalp hospital and Dice gets the cover instead. Dice asks Sam to send Nona down to Arizona to bail Cat out of the police station before she is there for two weeks. Instead, Sam chooses to have Nona stay around for two more weeks while Cat sits in jail during that time." ]

[ "\"#ToddlerClimbing\"" ]

[ "The Big Lebowski is a 1998 American crime comedy film written, produced, and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. It stars Jeff Bridges as Jeffrey \"The Dude\" Lebowski, a Los Angeles slacker and avid bowler. He is assaulted as a result of mistaken identity, after which The Dude learns that a millionaire also named Jeffrey Lebowski was the intended victim. The millionaire Lebowski's trophy wife is kidnapped, and he commissions The Dude to deliver the ransom to secure her release; but the plan goes awry when the Dude's friend Walter Sobchak (John Goodman) schemes to keep the ransom money. Julianne Moore and Steve Buscemi also star, with David Huddleston, John Turturro, Philip Seymour Hoffman, Sam Elliott, Tara Reid, David Thewlis and Flea appearing in supporting roles." ]

[ "Jeff Bridges" ]

[ "Tappan Zee Constructors began construction in 2013. The north span officially opened to westbound traffic on August 26, 2017; it also opened to eastbound traffic on October 6, 2017. Tappan Zee Constructors then began demolishing the old bridge. Eastbound traffic will be switched to the south span upon its completion. Both spans are expected to be operational by the end of 2018.[4]" ]

[ "the end of 2018" ]

[ "\n\nYear\nLocation\nDescriptions\n\n\nAncient times\nEgypt, Greece & India\nMany ancient cultures, including the ancient Egyptians, Greeks and in ancient India, already used moulds and other plants to treat infection.[1] This worked because some moulds produce antibiotic substances. However, they could not identify or isolate the active component in the moulds.\n\n\n\"traditional\"\nRussia\nRussian peasants used warm soil as treatment for infected wounds.[2]\n\n\nc. 150 BC\nSri Lanka\nSoldiers in the army of king Dutugemunu (161–137 BC) are recorded to have stored oil cakes (a traditional Sri Lankan sweetmeat) for long periods in their hearth lofts before embarking on their campaigns, in order to make a poultice of the cakes to treat wounds.[citation needed] It is assumed that the oil cakes served the dual functions of desiccant and antibacterial.[clarification needed]\n\n\n1600s\nPoland\nWet bread was mixed with spider webs (containing spores) to treat wounds. The technique was mentioned by Henryk Sienkiewicz in his 1884 book With Fire and Sword.\n\n\n1640\nEngland\nThe idea of using mould as a form of treatment was recorded by apothecaries, such as John Parkinson, King's Herbarian, who advocated the use of mould in his book on pharmacology.[citation needed]\n\n\n1870\nUnited Kingdom\nSir John Scott Burdon-Sanderson, who started out at St. Mary's Hospital 1852–1858 and as lecturer there 1854–1862 observed that culture fluid covered with mould would produce no bacteria.\n\n\n1871\nUnited Kingdom\nBurdon-Sanderson's discovery prompted Joseph Lister, an English surgeon and the father of modern antisepsis to investigate that urine samples contaminated with mould did not allow the growth of bacteria. He also described the antibacterial action on human tissue of what he called Penicillium glaucum.[3] A nurse at King's College Hospital whose wounds did not respond to any antiseptic, was then given another substance that cured her, and Lister's registrar informed her that it was called Penicillium.\n\n\n1874\nUnited Kingdom\nWilliam Roberts observed that bacterial contamination is generally absent in cultures of the mould Penicillium glaucum.\n\n\n1875\nUnited Kingdom\nJohn Tyndall followed up on Burdon-Sanderson's work and demonstrated to the Royal Society the antibacterial action of the Penicillium fungus.[4]\n\n\n1875\n\nBacillus anthracis was shown to cause anthrax. This was the first demonstration that a specific bacterium caused a specific disease.\n\n\n1877\nFrance\nLouis Pasteur and Jules Francois Joubert observed that cultures of the anthrax bacilli, when contaminated with moulds, became inhibited. Some references say that Pasteur identified the strain as Penicillium notatum.[citation needed]\n\n\n1887\nFrance\nGarré found similar results.\n\n\n1895\nItaly\nVincenzo Tiberio, physician of the University of Naples published a research about a mould in a water well in Arzano, Italy that had an antibacterial action.[5][6][7][8]\n\n\n1897\nFrance\nErnest Duchesne at École du Service de Santé Militaire in Lyon independently discovered healing properties of a Penicillium glaucum mould, even curing infected guinea pigs of typhoid. He published a dissertation[9][10][11] in 1897 but this was ignored by the Institut Pasteur. However Duchesne was himself using a discovery made by Arab stable boys, who were using moulds to cure sores on horses. He did not claim that the mould contained any antibacterial substance, only that the mould somehow protected the animals.\n\nDuchesne cured typhoid, but the penicillin isolated by Fleming does not cure typhoid.\nDuchesne injected a mould with the fungus Penicillium glaucum. In contrast, Fleming isolated the substance penicillin from the mould Penicillium notatum.\nThe term Penicillium glaucum was used as a catch-all phrase at the time for different fungi, but not for Penicillium notatum and the mould was unfortunately not preserved, which makes it impossible to be certain today which fungus might have been responsible for the cure, and consequently, even less certain which substance was responsible.\n\n\n\n\n1920\nBelgium\nAndre Gratia and Sara Dath observed a fungal contamination in one of their Staphylococcus aureus cultures that was inhibiting the growth of the bacterium. They identified this as a species of Penicillium and presented their observations as a paper. There was little attention to this paper.\n\n\n1923\nCosta Rica\nAn Institut Pasteur scientist, Costa Rican Clodomiro Picado Twight recorded the antibiotic effect of Penicillium.\n\n\n1928\nUnited Kingdom\nScottish biologist Sir Alexander Fleming noticed a halo of inhibition of bacterial growth around a contaminant blue-green mould on a Staphylococcus plate culture. He concluded that the mould was releasing a substance that was inhibiting bacterial growth. He grew a pure culture of the mould and discovered that it was Penicillium notatum. With help from a chemist, he concentrated what he later named \"penicillin\". During the next twelve years, he grew and distributed the original mould, unsuccessfully trying to get help from any chemist that had enough skill to make a stable form of it, for mass production.\n\n\n1930\nUnited Kingdom\nCecil George Paine, a pathologist at the Royal Infirmary in Sheffield, attempted to treat sycosis (eruptions in beard follicles) with penicillin but was unsuccessful, probably because the drug did not penetrate deep enough. Moving on to ophthalmia neonatorum, a gonococcal infection in babies, he achieved the first cure on 25 November 1930. He cured four patients (one adult, the others babies) of eye infections, although a fifth patient was not so lucky.[12]\n\n\n1938\nUnited Kingdom\nIn Oxford, Howard Walter Florey organized his large and very skilled biochemical research team, notable among them Ernst Boris Chain and Norman Heatley, to undertake innovative work to produce a stable penicillin.\n\n\n1941–1943\nUSA\nPeoria, Illinois: Moyer, Coghill and Raper at the USDA Northern Regional Research Laboratory (NRRL) developed methods for industrialized penicillin production and isolated higher-yielding strains of the Penicillium fungus.[13][14] In December, 1942 survivors of the Cocoanut Grove fire in Boston were the first burn patients to be successfully treated with penicillin.[15]\n\n\n1941–1944\nUSA\nBrooklyn, New York: Jasper H. Kane and other Pfizer scientists developed the practical, deep-tank fermentation method for production of large quantities of pharmaceutical-grade penicillin.[16]\n\n\n1945\nUnited Kingdom\nOxford: Using X-ray crystallographic analysis, Dorothy Hodgkin elucidated the correct chemical structure of penicillin.[17]\n\n\n1952\nAustria\nKundl, Tyrol: Hans Margreiter and Ernst Brandl of Biochemie (now Sandoz) developed the first acid-stable penicillin for oral administration, Penicillin V.[18]\n\n\n1957\nUSA\nChemist John C. Sheehan at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) completed the first chemical synthesis of penicillin in 1957.[19]\n\n" ]

[ "Cecil George Paine" ]

[ "Chicago Blackhawks\n 2018–19 Chicago Blackhawks season\nConference\nWesternDivision\nCentralFounded\n1926History\nChicago Black Hawks1926–1986Chicago Blackhawks1986–presentHome arena\nUnited CenterCity\nChicago, Illinois\nColors\nRed, white, black[1][2]\n\n Media\nNBC Sports ChicagoWGN SportsWGN Radio (720 AM)Owner(s)\nWirtz CorporationGeneral manager\nStan BowmanHead coach\nJoel QuennevilleCaptain\nJonathan ToewsMinor league affiliates\nRockford IceHogs (AHL)Indy Fuel (ECHL)Stanley Cups\n6 (1933–34, 1937–38, 1960–61, 2009–10, 2012–13, 2014–15)Conference championships\n4 (1991–92, 2009–10, 2012–13, 2014–15)Presidents' Trophy\n2 (1990–91, 2012–13)Division championships\n16 (1969–70, 1970–71, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1975–76, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1982–83, 1985–86, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1992–93, 2009–10, 2012–13, 2016–17)Official website\nwww.nhl.com/blackhawks" ]

[ "6" ]

[ "Mesa Verde National Park\nIUCN category II (national park)\nMesa Verde from the northeast, May 2007\nLocation\nMontezuma County, Colorado,United States,North AmericaNearest city\nCortez, ColoradoCoordinates\n37°11′02″N 108°29′19″W / 37.183784°N 108.488687°W / 37.183784; -108.488687Coordinates: 37°11′02″N 108°29′19″W / 37.183784°N 108.488687°W / 37.183784; -108.488687Area\n52,485 acres (212.40 km2)Established\nJune 29, 1906 (1906-06-29)Visitors\n613,788 (in 2017)[1]Governing body\nNational Park ServiceWebsite\nMesa Verde National Park\nUNESCO World Heritage SiteType\nCulturalCriteria\niiiDesignated\n1978 (2nd session)Reference no.\n27State Party\nUnited StatesRegion\nEurope and North America\n\nU.S. National Register of Historic PlacesDesignated\nOctober 15, 1966Reference no.\n66000251\n\n" ]

[ "June 29, 1906" ]

[ "The hosts for both World Cups were announced by the FIFA Executive Committee on 2 December 2010. Russia was selected to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time that the World Cup will be hosted in Eastern Europe and making it the biggest country geographically to host the World Cup. Qatar was selected to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time a World Cup will be held in the Arab World and the second time in Asia since the 2002 tournament in South Korea and Japan. Also, the decision made it the smallest country geographically to host the World Cup.[31]\n" ]

[ "Qatar" ]

[ "\n\nEpisode #\n\nOriginal broadcast date\n\nAverage audience share\n\n\nAGB Nielsen Ratings[21]\n\nTNmS Ratings\n\n\nNationwide\n\nSeoul\n\n\n1\n\nJune 6, 2018\n\n5.757%\n\n6.446%\n\n6.3%\n\n\n2\n\nJune 7, 2018\n\n5.403%\n\n5.529%\n\n5.6%\n\n\n3\n\nJune 13, 2018\n\n6.950%\n\n8.252%\n\n8.3%\n\n\n4\n\nJune 14, 2018\n\n6.379%\n\n6.945%\n\n6.3%\n\n\n5\n\nJune 20, 2018\n\n6.855%\n\n7.500%\n\n7.0%\n\n\n6\n\nJune 21, 2018\n\n7.687%\n\n8.554%\n\n7.7%\n\n\n7\n\nJune 27, 2018\n\n7.281%\n\n8.201%\n\n8.5%\n\n\n8\n\nJune 28, 2018\n\n8.120%\n\n9.326%\n\n8.3%\n\n\n9\n\nJuly 4, 2018\n\n7.767%\n\n9.428%\n\n8.8%\n\n\n10\n\nJuly 5, 2018\n\n8.403%\n\n9.545%\n\n9.2%\n\n\n11\n\nJuly 11, 2018\n\n8.665%\n\n10.565%\n\n10.6%\n\n\n12\n\nJuly 12, 2018\n\n8.393%\n\n10.052%\n\nN/A\n\n\n13\n\nJuly 18, 2018\n\n\n\n\n\n\n14\n\nJuly 19, 2018\n\n\n\n\n\n\n15\n\nJuly 25, 2018\n\n\n\n\n\n\n16\n\nJuly 26, 2018\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAverage\n\n%\n\n%\n\n%\n" ]

[ "June 27, 2018" ]

[ "\n\nStraight Outta Compton\n\n\n\nTheatrical release poster\n\n\n\nDirected by\nF. Gary Gray\n\n\nProduced by\n\n\n\nIce Cube\nTomica Woods-Wright\nMatt Alvarez\nF. Gary Gray\nScott Bernstein\nDr. Dre\n\n\n\n\n\nScreenplay by\n\n\n\nJonathan Herman\nAndrea Berloff\n\n\n\n\n\nStory by\n\n\n\nS. Leigh Savidge\nAlan Wenkus\nAndrea Berloff\n\n\n\n\n\nStarring\n\n\n\nO'Shea Jackson Jr.\nCorey Hawkins\nJason Mitchell\nPaul Giamatti\n\n\n\n\n\nMusic by\nJoseph Trapanese\n\n\nCinematography\nMatthew Libatique\n\n\nEdited by\n\n\n\nBilly Fox\nMichael Tronick\n\n\n\n\n\n\nProduction\ncompanies\n\n\n\n\n\nLegendary Pictures\nNew Line Cinema\nCube Vision\nCrucial Films\nBroken Chair Flickz\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDistributed by\nUniversal Pictures\n\n\n\nRelease date\n\n\n\n\nAugust 11, 2015 (2015-08-11) (Microsoft Theater)\nAugust 14, 2015 (2015-08-14) (United States)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRunning time\n\n147 minutes[1]\n\n\nCountry\nUnited States\n\n\nLanguage\nEnglish\n\n\nBudget\n\n\n\n$50 million (gross)[2][3]\n$45 million (net)[2]\n\n\n\n\n\nBox office\n$201.6 million[4]\n\n" ]

[ "August 14, 2015" ]

[ "\n\n\"Whip My Hair\"\n\n\n\n\n\nSingle by Willow\n\n\nReleased\nOctober 26, 2010 (2010-10-26)\n\n\nFormat\n\n\n\nCD single\ndigital download\n\n\n\n\n\nGenre\n\n\n\nHip pop\nteen pop\nelectropop\n\n\n\n\n\nLength\n3:14\n\n\nLabel\nRoc Nation\n\n\nSongwriter(s)\n\n\n\nRonald Jackson\nJanae Ratliff\n\n\n\n\n\nProducer(s)\n\n\n\nJukebox & Obanga\nTim Carter\n\n\n\n\n\nWillow singles chronology\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\"Whip My Hair\"\n(2010)\n\"21st Century Girl\"\n(2011)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\"Whip My Hair\"\n(2010)\n\"21st Century Girl\"\n(2011)\n\n\n\n\n" ]

[ "October 26, 2010" ]

[ "\n\nSeason\nEpisodes\nOriginally aired\n\n\nFirst aired\nLast aired\n\n\n\n1\n11\nDecember 2, 2013 (2013-12-02)\nApril 14, 2014 (2014-04-14)\n\n\n\n2\n10\nJuly 26, 2015 (2015-07-26)\nOctober 4, 2015 (2015-10-04)\n\n\n\n3\n10\nApril 1, 2017 (2017-04-01)\nOctober 1, 2017 (2017-10-01)\n\n" ]

[ "October 1, 2017" ]

[ "Caribbean Sea\nCoordinates\n15°N 75°W / 15°N 75°W / 15; -75Coordinates: 15°N 75°W / 15°N 75°W / 15; -75Type\nSeaSurface area\n2,754,000 km2 (1,063,000 sq mi)Max. depth\n7,686 m (25,217 ft)" ]

[ "15°N 75°W / 15°N 75°W" ]

[ "Peter Rabbit is a 2018 live-action/computer-animated comedy film directed by Will Gluck and written by Rob Lieber and Gluck, based on the stories of Peter Rabbit created by Beatrix Potter. The film stars the voice of James Corden as the title character, with Rose Byrne, Domhnall Gleeson, Sam Neill, Daisy Ridley, Elizabeth Debicki, and Margot Robbie also starring. The film was released on February 9, 2018, received mixed reviews from critics and has grossed over $341 million worldwide, making it the tenth highest-grossing film of 2018. A sequel is set for a February 7, 2020 release." ]

[ "James Corden" ]

[ "\n\n\n\nTeam\n\nPld\n\nW\n\nD\n\nL\n\nPts\n\nAPts\n\nGF\n\nAGF\n\nGA\n\nAGA\n\nGD\n\nAGD\n\nCS\n\nACS\n\nYC\n\nAYC\n\nRC\n\nARC\n\n\n\n Argentina\n\n4\n\n1\n\n1\n\n2\n\n4\n\n1.00\n\n6\n1.50\n\n9\n2.25\n\n-3\n-0.75\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n11\n\n2.75\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n Australia\n\n3\n\n0\n\n1\n\n2\n\n1\n\n0.33\n\n2\n0.67\n\n5\n1.67\n\n-3\n-1.00\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n7\n\n2.33\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n Belgium\n\n7\n\n6\n\n0\n\n1\n\n18\n\n2.57\n\n16\n2.29\n\n6\n0.86\n\n+10\n1.43\n\n3\n\n0.43\n\n11\n\n1.57\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n Brazil\n\n5\n\n3\n\n1\n\n1\n\n10\n\n2.00\n\n8\n1.60\n\n3\n0.60\n\n+5\n1.00\n\n3\n\n0.60\n\n7\n\n1.40\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n Colombia\n\n4\n\n2\n\n1\n\n1\n\n7\n\n1.75\n\n6\n1.50\n\n3\n0.75\n\n+3\n0.75\n\n2\n\n0.50\n\n9\n\n2.25\n\n1\n\n0.25\n\n\n\n Costa Rica\n\n3\n\n0\n\n1\n\n2\n\n1\n\n0.33\n\n2\n0.67\n\n5\n1.67\n\n-3\n-1.00\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n6\n\n2.00\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n Croatia\n\n7\n\n4\n\n2\n\n1\n\n14\n\n2.00\n\n14\n2.00\n\n9\n1.29\n\n+5\n0.71\n\n2\n\n0.29\n\n15\n\n2.14\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n Denmark\n\n4\n\n1\n\n3\n\n0\n\n6\n\n1.50\n\n3\n0.75\n\n2\n0.50\n\n+1\n0.25\n\n2\n\n0.50\n\n6\n\n1.50\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n Egypt\n\n3\n\n0\n\n0\n\n3\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n2\n0.67\n\n6\n2.00\n\n-4\n-1.33\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n5\n\n1.67\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n England\n\n7\n\n3\n\n1\n\n3\n\n10\n\n1.43\n\n12\n1.71\n\n8\n1.14\n\n+4\n0.57\n\n1\n\n0.14\n\n8\n\n1.14\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n France\n\n7\n\n6\n\n1\n\n0\n\n19\n\n2.71\n\n14\n2.00\n\n6\n0.86\n\n+8\n1.14\n\n4\n\n0.57\n\n12\n\n1.71\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n Germany\n\n3\n\n1\n\n0\n\n2\n\n3\n\n1.00\n\n2\n0.67\n\n4\n1.33\n\n-2\n-0.67\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n2\n\n0.67\n\n1\n\n0.33\n\n\n\n Iceland\n\n3\n\n0\n\n1\n\n2\n\n1\n\n0.33\n\n2\n0.67\n\n5\n1.67\n\n-3\n-1.00\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n3\n\n1.00\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n Iran\n\n3\n\n1\n\n1\n\n1\n\n4\n\n1.33\n\n2\n0.67\n\n2\n0.67\n\n0\n0.00\n\n1\n\n0.33\n\n7\n\n2.33\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n Japan\n\n4\n\n1\n\n1\n\n2\n\n4\n\n1.00\n\n6\n1.50\n\n7\n1.75\n\n-1\n-0.25\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n5\n\n1.25\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n Mexico\n\n4\n\n2\n\n0\n\n2\n\n6\n\n1.50\n\n3\n0.75\n\n6\n1.50\n\n-3\n-0.75\n\n1\n\n0.25\n\n9\n\n2.25\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n Morocco\n\n3\n\n0\n\n1\n\n2\n\n1\n\n0.33\n\n2\n0.67\n\n4\n1.33\n\n-2\n-0.67\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n8\n\n2.67\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n Nigeria\n\n3\n\n1\n\n0\n\n2\n\n3\n\n1.00\n\n3\n1.00\n\n4\n1.33\n\n-1\n-0.33\n\n1\n\n0.33\n\n4\n\n1.33\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n Panama\n\n3\n\n0\n\n0\n\n3\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n2\n0.67\n\n11\n3.67\n\n-9\n-3.00\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n11\n\n3.67\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n Peru\n\n3\n\n1\n\n0\n\n2\n\n3\n\n1.00\n\n2\n0.67\n\n2\n0.67\n\n0\n0.00\n\n1\n\n0.33\n\n5\n\n1.67\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n Poland\n\n3\n\n1\n\n0\n\n2\n\n3\n\n1.00\n\n2\n0.67\n\n5\n1.67\n\n-3\n-1.00\n\n1\n\n0.33\n\n3\n\n1.00\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n Portugal\n\n4\n\n1\n\n2\n\n1\n\n5\n\n1.25\n\n6\n1.50\n\n6\n1.50\n\n0\n0.00\n\n1\n\n0.25\n\n7\n\n1.75\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n Russia\n\n5\n\n2\n\n2\n\n1\n\n8\n\n1.60\n\n11\n2.20\n\n7\n1.40\n\n+4\n0.80\n\n1\n\n0.20\n\n6\n\n1.20\n\n1\n\n0.20\n\n\n\n Saudi Arabia\n\n3\n\n1\n\n0\n\n2\n\n3\n\n1.00\n\n2\n0.67\n\n7\n2.33\n\n-5\n-1.67\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n1\n\n0.33\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n Senegal\n\n3\n\n1\n\n1\n\n1\n\n4\n\n1.33\n\n4\n1.33\n\n4\n1.33\n\n0\n0.00\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n6\n\n2.00\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n Serbia\n\n3\n\n1\n\n0\n\n2\n\n3\n\n1.00\n\n2\n0.67\n\n4\n1.33\n\n-2\n-0.67\n\n1\n\n0.33\n\n9\n\n3.00\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n South Korea\n\n3\n\n1\n\n0\n\n2\n\n3\n\n1.00\n\n3\n1.00\n\n3\n1.00\n\n0\n0.00\n\n1\n\n0.33\n\n10\n\n3.33\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n Spain\n\n4\n\n1\n\n3\n\n0\n\n6\n\n1.50\n\n7\n1.75\n\n6\n1.50\n\n+1\n0.25\n\n1\n\n0.25\n\n2\n\n0.50\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n Sweden\n\n5\n\n3\n\n0\n\n2\n\n9\n\n1.80\n\n6\n1.20\n\n4\n0.80\n\n+2\n0.40\n\n3\n\n0.60\n\n8\n\n1.60\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n Switzerland\n\n4\n\n1\n\n2\n\n1\n\n5\n\n1.25\n\n5\n1.25\n\n5\n1.25\n\n0\n0.00\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n9\n\n2.25\n\n1\n\n0.25\n\n\n\n Tunisia\n\n3\n\n1\n\n0\n\n2\n\n3\n\n1.00\n\n5\n1.67\n\n8\n2.67\n\n-3\n-1.00\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n4\n\n1.33\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\n\n Uruguay\n\n5\n\n4\n\n0\n\n1\n\n12\n\n2.40\n\n7\n1.40\n\n3\n0.60\n\n+4\n0.80\n\n3\n\n0.60\n\n3\n\n0.60\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n\nTotal\n\n64(1)\n\n51\n\n13(2)\n\n51\n\n179\n\n1.40\n\n169\n\n1.32\n\n169\n\n1.32\n\n0\n\n0.00\n\n33\n\n0.26\n\n219\n\n1.71\n\n4\n\n0.03\n" ]

[ "14" ]

[ "Double-precision floating-point format usually refers to binary64, as specified by the IEEE 754 standard, not to the 64-bit decimal format decimal64. In older computers, different floating-point formats of 8 bytes were used, e.g., GW-BASIC's double-precision data type was the 64-bit MBF floating-point format." ]

[ "binary64" ]

[ "The top goalscorer of the inaugural competition was Argentina's Guillermo Stábile with eight goals. Since then, only 22 players have scored more at all the games played at the World Cup than Stábile did throughout the 1930 tournament. The first was Hungary's Sándor Kocsis with eleven in 1954. At the next tournament, France's Just Fontaine improved on this record with 13 goals in only six games. Gerd Müller scored 10 for West Germany in 1970 and broke the overall record when he scored his 14th goal at the World Cup during West Germany's win at the 1974 final. His record stood for more than three decades until Ronaldo's 15 goals between 1998 and 2006 for Brazil. Germany's Miroslav Klose went on to score a record 16 goals across four consecutive tournaments between 2002 and 2014. Only two other players have surpassed 10 goals at the World Cup: Pelé with 12 between 1958 and 1970 for Brazil, and Jürgen Klinsmann with 11 between 1990 and 1998 for Germany.\n" ]

[ "Germany's Miroslav Klose" ]

[ "The Greatest Showman is a 2017 American musical film directed by Michael Gracey in his directorial debut, written by Jenny Bicks and Bill Condon and starring Hugh Jackman, Zac Efron, Michelle Williams, Rebecca Ferguson, and Zendaya. The film is inspired by the story of P. T. Barnum's creation of the Barnum & Bailey Circus and the lives of its star attractions." ]

[ "P. T. Barnum" ]

[ "\n\nRank\nTeam\nCountry\nValue\nIn millions\n\nDebt as\n% of value[2]\n% change\non year\nRevenue ($M)\n\n\n1\nManchester United\n England\n4,583\n6\n11\n850\n\n\n2\nBarcelona\n Spain\n3,635\n6\n2\n688\n\n\n3\nReal Madrid\n Spain\n3,580\n3\n-2\n688\n\n\n4\nBayern Munich\n Germany\n2,713\n0\n1\n657\n\n\n5\nManchester City\n England\n2,083\n5\n8\n650\n\n\n6\nArsenal\n England\n1,932\n16\n-4\n572\n\n\n7\nChelsea\n England\n1,845\n0\n11\n583\n\n\n8\nLiverpool\n England\n1,492\n7\n-4\n523\n\n\n9\nJuventus\n Italy\n1,258\n7\n-3\n379\n\n\n10\nTottenham Hotspur\n England\n1,058\n17\n4\n377\n\n\n11\nParis Saint-Germain\n France\n841\n0\n3\n578\n\n\n12\nBorussia Dortmund\n Germany\n808\n0\n-3\n315\n\n\n13\nA.C. Milan\n Italy\n802\n73\n-3\n238\n\n\n14\nAtlético Madrid\n Spain\n732\n9\n16\n234\n\n\n15\nWest Ham United\n England\n634\n11\n17\n213\n\n\n16\nSchalke 04\n Germany\n629\n7\n-4\n249\n\n\n17\nRoma\n Italy\n569\n3\n-2\n242\n\n\n18\nInter Milan\n Italy\n537\n37\n-4\n199\n\n\n19\nLeicester City\n England\n413\n0\n-\n191\n\n\n20\nNapoli\n Italy\n379\n0\n-4\n158\n\n" ]

[ "Manchester United" ]

[ "The third season of Fear the Walking Dead, an American horror-drama television series on AMC, premiered on June 4, 2017 and consisted of 16 episodes.[1] The season is split into two eight-episode parts, with the first half concluding on July 9, 2017; the second half premiered on September 10, 2017.[2] The series is a companion series and prequel to The Walking Dead." ]

[ "September 10, 2017" ]

[ "\n\nSeason\nEpisodes\nOriginally aired\n\n\nFirst aired\nLast aired\n\n\n\n1\n11\nJuly 15, 2015 (2015-07-15)\nAugust 26, 2015 (2015-08-26)\n\n\n\n2\n8\nJune 8, 2016 (2016-06-08)\nJuly 27, 2016 (2016-07-27)\n\n\n\n3\n8\nJune 27, 2017 (2017-06-27)\nAugust 9, 2017 (2017-08-09)\n\n\n\n4\n8\nJanuary 2, 2018 (2018-01-02)\nFebruary 20, 2018 (2018-02-20)\n\n" ]

[ "8" ]

[ "The first modern organized futures exchange began in 1710 at the Dojima Rice Exchange in Osaka, Japan.[4]" ]

[ "Osaka, Japan" ]

[ "The Great Oxygenation Event, the beginning of which is commonly known in scientific media as the Great Oxidation Event (GOE, also called the Oxygen Catastrophe, Oxygen Crisis, Oxygen Holocaust[2], Oxygen Revolution, or Great Oxidation) was the biologically induced appearance of dioxygen (O2) in Earth's atmosphere.[3] Geological, isotopic, and chemical evidence suggest that this major environmental change happened around 2.45 billion years ago (2.45 Ga),[4] during the Siderian period, at the beginning of the Proterozoic eon. The causes of the event are not clear.[5] The current geochemical and biomarker evidence for the development of oxygenic photosynthesis before the Great Oxidation Event has been mostly inconclusive.[6]" ]

[ "around 2.45 billion years ago (2.45 Ga),[4] during the Siderian period, at the beginning of the Proterozoic eon" ]

[ "A town meeting is a form of direct democratic rule, used primarily in portions of the United States – principally in New England – since the 17th century, in which most or all the members of a community come together to legislate policy and budgets for local government. This is a town- or city-level meeting where decisions are made, in contrast with town hall meetings held by state and national politicians to answer questions from their constituents, which have no decision-making power." ]

[ "direct democratic rule" ]

[ "\"Coward of the County\" is a country song written by Roger Bowling and Billy Ed Wheeler, and recorded by American country music singer Kenny Rogers. It was released in November 1979 as the second single from the multi-platinum album Kenny. A million-selling gold-certified 45, it is one of Rogers' biggest hits.\n", "\"Coward of the County\" is a country song written by Roger Bowling and Billy Ed Wheeler, and recorded by American country music singer Kenny Rogers. It was released in November 1979 as the second single from the multi-platinum album Kenny. A million-selling gold-certified 45, it is one of Rogers' biggest hits.\n" ]

[ "Roger Bowling", "Billy Ed Wheeler" ]

[ "The Federal Government of the United States (U.S. Federal Government) is the national government of the United States, a republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D.C. (the nation's capital), and several territories. The federal government is composed of three distinct branches: legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the U.S. Constitution in the Congress, the president, and the federal courts, respectively. The powers and duties of these branches are further defined by acts of Congress, including the creation of executive departments and courts inferior to the Supreme Court.", "The Federal Government of the United States (U.S. Federal Government) is the national government of the United States, a republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D.C. (the nation's capital), and several territories. The federal government is composed of three distinct branches: legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the U.S. Constitution in the Congress, the president, and the federal courts, respectively. The powers and duties of these branches are further defined by acts of Congress, including the creation of executive departments and courts inferior to the Supreme Court.", "The Federal Government of the United States (U.S. Federal Government) is the national government of the United States, a republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D.C. (the nation's capital), and several territories. The federal government is composed of three distinct branches: legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the U.S. Constitution in the Congress, the president, and the federal courts, respectively. The powers and duties of these branches are further defined by acts of Congress, including the creation of executive departments and courts inferior to the Supreme Court." ]

[ "legislative", "executive", "judicial" ]

[ "In 20 September 2015, a new constitution, the \"Constitution of Nepal 2015\" (Nepali: नेपालको संविधान २०७२) was announced by President Ram Baran Yadav in the constituent assembly. The constituent assembly was transformed into a legislative parliament by the then-chairman of that assembly. The new constitution of Nepal has changed Nepal practically into a federal democratic republic by making 7 unnamed states.\n" ]

[ "20 September 2015" ]

[ "The leone is the currency of Sierra Leone. It is subdivided into 100 cents. The ISO 4217 code is SLL and the leone is abbreviated as Le placed before the amount." ]

[ "The leone" ]

[ "\"You've Got a Friend in Me\" is a song by Randy Newman. Used as the theme song for the 1995 Disney/Pixar animated film Toy Story, it has since become a major musical component for its sequels, Toy Story 2 (1999) and Toy Story 3 (2010) as well as a musical leitmotif throughout the whole Toy Story franchise. The song was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, but lost both to \"Colors of the Wind\" from Disney's Pocahontas." ]

[ "Randy Newman" ]

[ "Young Sheldon (stylized as young Sheldon) is an American television comedy on CBS created by Chuck Lorre and Steven Molaro. The series is a spin-off prequel to The Big Bang Theory and follows the character Sheldon Cooper at the age of 9, living with his family in East Texas and going to high school. Iain Armitage stars as young Sheldon, alongside Zoe Perry, Lance Barber, Montana Jordan, Raegan Revord, and Annie Potts. Jim Parsons, who portrays the adult Sheldon Cooper on The Big Bang Theory, narrates the series and serves as an executive producer." ]

[ "Iain Armitage" ]

[ "Born and raised on the Portuguese island of Madeira, Ronaldo was diagnosed with a racing heart at age 15. He underwent an operation to treat his condition, and began his senior club career playing for Sporting CP, before signing with Manchester United at age 18 in 2003. After winning his first trophy, the FA Cup, during his first season in England, he helped United win three successive Premier League titles, a UEFA Champions League title, and a FIFA Club World Cup. By age 22, he had received Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year nominations and at age 23, he won his first Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year awards. In 2009, Ronaldo was the subject of the most expensive association football transfer[note 3] when he moved from Manchester United to Real Madrid in a transfer worth €94 million (£80 million).\n" ]

[ "18" ]

[ "The Allegheny River rises in north central Pennsylvania, on Cobb Hill in central Potter County, approximately 10 miles (16 km) south of the New York border. It flows west past Coudersport then turns north at Port Allegany and proceeds into western New York, looping westward across southern Cattaraugus County for approximately 30 miles (48 km), past Portville, Olean, St. Bonaventure University and Salamanca and flowing through Seneca Indian Nation lands close to the northern boundary of Allegany State Park before re-entering northwestern Pennsylvania approximately 20 miles (32 km) southeast of Jamestown, New York.\n" ]

[ "in north central Pennsylvania, on Cobb Hill in central Potter County, approximately 10 miles (16 km) south of the New York border" ]

[ "Frank Stephenson Dillane (born 21 April 1991)[1] is an English actor, best known for his portrayal of Nick Clark on Fear the Walking Dead (2015–18), and for playing Tom Riddle in the film Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009). He also appeared as Owen Coffin in the film In the Heart of the Sea (2015).\n" ]

[ "Frank Stephenson Dillane" ]

[ "United States Senate election in New York, 2018\n\n\n← 2012\nNovember 6, 2018\n2024 →\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\nNominee\n\nKirsten Gillibrand\n\nChele Chiavacci Farley\n\n\n\n\n\n\nParty\n\nDemocratic\n\nRepublican\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIncumbent U.S. Senator\nKirsten Gillibrand\nDemocratic\n\n\n\n\n\n", "United States Senate election in New York, 2018\n\n\n← 2012\nNovember 6, 2018\n2024 →\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\nNominee\n\nKirsten Gillibrand\n\nChele Chiavacci Farley\n\n\n\n\n\n\nParty\n\nDemocratic\n\nRepublican\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIncumbent U.S. Senator\nKirsten Gillibrand\nDemocratic\n\n\n\n\n\n" ]

[ "Kirsten Gillibrand", "Chele Chiavacci Farley" ]

[ "The Nullification Crisis was a United States sectional political crisis in 1832–1837, during the presidency of Andrew Jackson, which involved a confrontation between South Carolina and the federal government. It ensued after South Carolina declared that the federal Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and therefore null and void within the sovereign boundaries of the state." ]

[ "South Carolina" ]

[ "Die Brücke was one of two groups of German painters fundamental to Expressionism, the other being Der Blaue Reiter group (\"The Blue Rider\"), formed in Munich in 1911." ]

[ "Expressionism" ]

[ "The Mississippi River has the world's fourth-largest drainage basin (\"watershed\" or \"catchment\"). The basin covers more than 1,245,000 square miles (3,220,000 km2), including all or parts of 31[28] U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. The drainage basin empties into the Gulf of Mexico, part of the Atlantic Ocean. The total catchment of the Mississippi River covers nearly 40% of the landmass of the continental United States. The highest point within the watershed is also the highest point of the Rocky Mountains, Mount Elbert at 14,440 feet (4,400 m).[29]" ]

[ "the Gulf of Mexico" ]

[ "The first constitution was written in 1820 in only 38 days.[1] The Missouri Constitutional Convention (1861-63) was elected to decide on secession, and made no changes to the constitution.\n" ]

[ "1820" ]

[ "In physics, mass–energy equivalence states that anything having mass has an equivalent amount of energy and vice versa, with these fundamental quantities directly relating to one another by Albert Einstein's famous formula:[1]\n" ]

[ "Albert Einstein" ]

[ "A focus group is a small, but demographically diverse group of people and whose reactions are studied especially in market research or political analysis in guided or open discussions about a new product or something else to determine the reactions that can be expected from a larger population.[1][2][3] It is a form of qualitative research consisting of interviews in which a group of people are asked about their perceptions, opinions, beliefs, and attitudes towards a product, service, concept, advertisement, idea, or packaging. Questions are asked in an interactive group setting where participants are free to talk with other group members. During this process, the researcher either takes notes or records the vital points he or she is getting from the group. Researchers should select members of the focus group carefully for effective and authoritative responses." ]

[ "qualitative research" ]

[ "\n\nBatter\nTeam\nAge\nYear\nHR\nReign\nRecord breaker\n\n\nGeorge Hall\nPhiladelphia Athletics\n27\n1876\n5\n3 years\n—\n\n\nCharley Jones\nBoston Red Caps\n29\n1879\n9\n4 years\n6th on July 31 off George Bradley\n\n\nHarry Stovey\nPhiladelphia Athletics\n27\n1883\n14\n1 year\n10th on August 1 off Jack Neagle\n\n\nNed Williamson\nChicago White Stockings\n27\n1884\n27\n35 years\n15th on July 9 off Ed Bagley\n\n\nBabe Ruth\nBoston Red Sox\n24\n1919\n29\n1 year\n28th on September 24 off Bob Shawkey\n\n\nBabe Ruth\nNew York Yankees\n25\n1920\n54\n1 year\n30th on July 19 off Dickie Kerr\n\n\nBabe Ruth\nNew York Yankees\n26\n1921\n59\n6 years\n55th on September 15 off Bill Bayne\n\n\nBabe Ruth\nNew York Yankees\n32\n1927\n60\n34 years\n60th on September 30 off Tom Zachary\n\n\nRoger Maris\nNew York Yankees\n27\n1961\n61\n37 years\n61st on October 1 off Tracy Stallard\n\n\nMark McGwire\nSt. Louis Cardinals\n35\n1998\n70\n3 years\n62nd on September 8 off Steve Trachsel\n\n" ]

[ "Mark McGwire" ]

[ "The St Ives Bay Line is a 4.25 miles (6.84 km) railway line from St Erth to St Ives in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It was opened in 1877, the last new 7 ft (2,134 mm) broad gauge passenger railway to be constructed in the country. Converted to standard gauge in 1892, it continues to operate as a community railway which carries a large number of tourists as well as local passengers. It has five stations including the junction with the Cornish Main Line at St Erth." ]

[ "St Erth" ]

[ "Aisha N. Tyler (born September 18, 1970)[1] is an American talk show host, actress, author, producer, writer, and director. She is known for portraying Andrea Marino in the first season of Ghost Whisperer, voicing Lana Kane in Archer, portraying Dr. Tara Lewis in Criminal Minds where she replaced Jennifer Love Hewitt and portraying Mother Nature in the Santa Clause film series, as well as recurring roles in CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Talk Soup and Friends. She is a former co-host of CBS's The Talk,[2] and the host of Whose Line is it Anyway?. Tyler also hosted Ubisoft's E3 press conferences from 2012 to 2016, and has made various video game appearances including Halo: Reach and Ubisoft's Watch Dogs where her voice and likeness are featured." ]

[ "Aisha N. Tyler" ]

[ "The series, originally planned to be filmed in Colorado, is filmed south of Vancouver, British Columbia, on a farm surrounded by vineyards. The fictional frontier town of Coal Valley was erected in late 2013. Some of the set trimmings and a stage coach came from the Hell on Wheels set.[10] The Thatcher home is the University Women's Club of Vancouver.[11]" ]

[ "south of Vancouver, British Columbia, on a farm surrounded by vineyards" ]

[ "\"Boom Boom (Let's Go Back to My Room)\" is the debut single by American singer and model Paul Lekakis." ]

[ "American singer and model Paul Lekakis" ]

[ "Tracy McConnell (colloquial: \"The Mother\") is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted (Bob Saget), tells the story of how Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in eight episodes, from \"Lucky Penny\" to \"The Time Travelers\", as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in \"Something New\" and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti.\n" ]

[ "Cristin Milioti" ]

[ "Villanova, Michigan, Kansas, and Loyola-Chicago, the “Cinderella team” of the tournament, reached the Final Four. Villanova defeated Michigan in the championship game, 79–62.", "Villanova, Michigan, Kansas, and Loyola-Chicago, the “Cinderella team” of the tournament, reached the Final Four. Villanova defeated Michigan in the championship game, 79–62.", "Villanova, Michigan, Kansas, and Loyola-Chicago, the “Cinderella team” of the tournament, reached the Final Four. Villanova defeated Michigan in the championship game, 79–62.", "Villanova, Michigan, Kansas, and Loyola-Chicago, the “Cinderella team” of the tournament, reached the Final Four. Villanova defeated Michigan in the championship game, 79–62." ]

[ "Villanova", "Michigan", "Kansas", "Loyola-Chicago" ]

[ "The 18 survivors, led by Juan Sebastián Elcano, of Ferdinand Magellan's Castilian ('Spanish') expedition (which began with 5 ships and 270 men); 1519–1522; westward from Spain; in Victoria. After Magellan was killed by people of the Philippines Lapu-Lapu on 27 April 1521, the circumnavigation was completed under the command of the Basque Spanish seafarer Juan Sebastián Elcano who returned to Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain, on 6 September 1522, after a journey of 3 years and 1 month.[1] These men were the first to circumnavigate the globe in a single expedition." ]

[ "Juan Sebastián Elcano" ]

[ "Who Do You Think You Are? is an American genealogy documentary series that is an adaptation of the British BBC series of the same name. In each episode, a different celebrity goes on a journey to trace parts of his or her family tree. The show premiered on NBC on March 5, 2010, as one of the replacement shows of The Jay Leno Show. It ran on NBC for three seasons before being cancelled in 2012;[1] it was then picked up by TLC,[2] where it has aired for six additional seasons.[3][4]" ]

[ "March 5, 2010" ]

[ "\n\nDate(s)\nCharacter\nActor\nCircumstances\n\n\n25 January–13 February,\n27 March–3 April 2018\nMartha Stewart\nAlison Mulvaney[25]\nBelinda Giblin[26]\nMartha is Alf Stewart's (Ray Meagher) late wife and the mother of their daughter, Roo (Justine Clarke). Martha appears in flashbacks to 1970 when Bobby Simpson (Nicolle Dickson) reads her diary entries from that year while searching for leads on her biological parents. It is revealed that Martha knew that Alf’s sister, Morag Bellingham (Cornelia Frances) was Bobby’s mother and subsequently had her adopted out to Al (George Leppard; Terence Donovan) and Doris Simpson. In 2018, Alf tells Roo that Martha did not drown, as Roo had been led to believe, and is still alive and out there somewhere. Martha comes to Summer Bay House and meets Ryder Jackson, who asks if she wants to rent a caravan from Alf. She leaves, but later returns and comes face-to-face with Alf and then Roo. Martha explains that a friend informed her Roo had come looking for her. Roo and Martha talk, but when Roo asks why Martha left her all those years ago, Martha tells her she is tired and leaves. Martha later reveals that she has borderline personality disorder. She struggled to connect with Roo and could not face up to her condition, so she left. After seeking help and treatment, the guilt and fear stopped her from coming back, but she knew Roo would have a good life. Roo tells Martha that she gave Alf a hard time and had a daughter when she was sixteen, who she named after Martha. Roo asks Martha to have dinner with Alf, but she fails to show up. The following day, Martha comes to Summer Bay House to leave her contact details for Roo and she apologises to Alf, before explaining why she left. Roo tells Martha that she needs to leave, as her presence is hurting Alf, but she will visit her.\n\n\n25 January\nLes Palmer\nGraham Lancaster[25]\n Les is Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence)’s late fiancé who appears in flashbacks to 1970 when Bobby Simpson (Nicolle Dickson) reads the diary entries of the late Martha Stewart (Alison Mulvaney). Les and Celia hold a party to celebrate their engagement but it is not to be as Les is later killed in the Vietnam War.\n\n\n26 January–16 March\nNicholas Walsh\nRobert Taylor\n Nicholas arrives in Summer Bay to visit Stacey Macklin (Sandie Lillingston) and reveals to her ex, Philip Matheson (John Morris) that he and Stacey are engaged. Nicholas goes for a swim and has his clothes stolen and is seen in the nude by Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence) and Betty Falwell (Barbara Morton), who call the police and he is arrested for indecent exposure. He schemes with Stacey's father, Gordon (Ron Haddrick) to buy the caravan park from the Fletcher family but they decline and Nicholas offers Tom (Roger Oakley) a job in England. He urges Morag Bellingham (Cornelia Frances) to buy the park and sell it to him, she agrees. Stacey finds out Nicholas is behind some poison pen letters addressed to Ailsa Stewart (Judy Nunn), which he had framed her stepdaughter Roo (Justine Clarke) for. He chases Stacey and attacks her but Tom saves Stacey and hits Nicholas.\n\n\n1 February–5 September\nKim Patterson\nJacqui Townsend[27]\n Kim is the younger sister of Alison (Kathryn Ridley), Mav (Clayton Williams) and Skye Patterson (Angela Keep). She attends Summer Bay Primary in Year 4 with Sally Fletcher (Kate Ritchie). She tells Alison that Carly Morris (Sharyn Hodgson) is going through cold turkey. Kim and Sally find some floppy disks scattered in the bush, which contain Morag Bellingham's (Cornelia Frances) manuscript for her memoirs. She later argues with Sally over the existence of the \"Summer Bay Bunyip\" when Sally claims to have seen the creature.\n\n\n13 February–20 March\nRichard Bellingham\nJohn Bonney[28]\n Richard is Morag Bellingham’s (Cornelia Frances) husband of Twenty years. They separate after the truth about Morag being Bobby Simpson’s (Nicolle Dickson) mother is exposed in the local news. Before he leaves, he warns Morag's niece Roo Stewart (Justine Clarke) that she should stay away from her aunt.\n\n\n20 February–21 November\nJames Donahue\nRichard Morgan[29]\n Donahue is a journalist from The Daily Star who tries to get information about Morag Bellingham (Cornelia Frances) being the mother of Bobby Simpson (Nicolle Dickson). He tricks Morag’s sister, Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence) into revealing details. He is warned off by Alf Stewart (Ray Meagher) but returns when he learns Rory Heywood (Gregor Jordan) has been killed by a shark. Donahue persuades Lance Smart (Peter Vroom) to lie about the sighting of the shark.\n\n\n22 February–9 August 1990\nVicki Baxter\nNana Coburn[30]\n Vicki Baxter is an antagonist in Steven Matheson's (Adam Willits) class at Summer Bay High. She pokes fun at Carly Morris (Sharyn Hodgson) for repeating Year 12 after failing her HSC the previous year and begins bullying Viv Newton (Mouche Phillips). Vicki also frequently feuds with Emma Jackson (Dannii Minogue). When Grant Mitchell (Craig McLachlan) begins teaching at the school, Vicki makes a play for him asking for after school tuition. Grant rejects her advances and Vicki tells everyone that he sexually molested her, resulting in Grant's suspension pending an investigation. Emma is enraged and uses physical force to get Vicki to confess. She eventually confesses and Grant is reinstated. Vicki then frames Emma for stealing exam papers from Donald Fisher’s (Norman Coburn) office, which sees her expelled. Steven and Paul Jensen (Craig Black) work together in order to bring Vicki down by contacting her cousin Anna (Rebecca George), who informs them of Vicki's scheme. After being confronted with the evidence, Vicki herself is expelled from school.\n\n\n22 February–5 April\nLeanne Dunn\nKylie Foster\n Leanne is a girl who Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) meets on a blind date. She asks Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence) for etiquette lessons. Leanne's new image is a shock for Martin who wants to dump her. Leanne misinterprets his signals and thinks he wants to marry her. Martin tries to put her off by introducing her to his rough family and behaving like a slob. Leanne then reverts to her old image and she and Martin continue their relationship. Matt Wilson (Greg Benson) discovers Leanne is illiterate and teaches her to read. Martin assumes Matt is seeing Leanne and goes to attack Matt, resulting in Martin being knocked out. Meat Axe (Joseph Dicker), Leanne's ex-boyfriend, shows up and picks a fight with Martin and beats him up. Leanne stops the fight but she leaves with Meat Axe, breaking Martin's heart.\n\n\n1 March–12 November\nEnid\nJan Oxenbould\n Enid is a friend of Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence) who attends a town meeting about a killer shark inhabiting the waters near the beach.\n\n\n8 March\nNola Dibble\nDenise Roberts [31]\n Nola is Martin Dibble's (Craig Thomson) mother who appears when he brings Leanne Dunn (Kylie Foster) to meet the family for dinner in order to put her off marrying him.\n\n\n8 March\nScott Dibble\nUncredited[31]\n Scott and Errol are Martin Dibble's (Craig Thomson) brothers. They appear at a family meal when Martin brings Leanne Dunn to meet them and their parents Ern (Peter Carmody) and Nola (Denise Roberts).\n\n\nErrol Dibble\nUncredited[31]\n\n\n21 March–24 May\nNigel Taggart\nGary Down\nNigel is a colleague of Morag Bellingham (Cornelia Frances) who she had hired several years before when nobody would due to him losing his eyesight in an accident. He arrives to help her at the Blaxland mansion as her personal assistant. He often serves as a mediator and builds up a friendship with Morag's sister Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence). Celia develops feelings for Nigel but he does not reciprocate. Nigel resigns as Morag's assistance in order to get some independence and with the help of Ailsa Stewart (Judy Nunn), he leaves Celia a letter letting her down gently.\n\n\n28 March\nRoss Maybury\nJohn Banas\n Ross is the presenter of 'The World Tonight' a late night talk-show which Donald Fisher (Norman Coburn) and Bobby Simpson (Nicolle Dickson) appear on to discuss On the Crest of a Wave, a novel by Donald's son Alan (Simon Kay). Ross asks Bobby about the recently publicised revelation that Morag Bellingham (Cornelia Frances) is her mother and upsets her.\n\n\n4–5 April\nMeat Axe\nJoseph Dicker[32]\nMeat Axe is Leanne Dunn's (Kylie Foster) ex-boyfriend who arrives in Summer Bay to get back together with her. He is angry to find Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) is dating Leanne and challenges him to a fight. Meat Axe delivers a beating to Martin but is stopped when Leanne breaks a bottle over his head. However, Leanne leaves with Meat Axe after admitting to Martin she promised to go with him.\n\n\n18 April–23 October 1995\nBrian \"Dodge\" Forbes\nKelly Dingwall[33]\n Dodge arrives in Summer Bay and schemes to get free food from Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence) at the local store (287). He also steals Bobby Simpson’s money (Nicolle Dickson) while she is on the beach. After Lance Smart (Peter Vroom) catches Dodge trying to steal his car, he spins him a story about being broke and homeless, and Lance lets him stay in his mobile home. Dodge continues to cause trouble in the Bay by stealing money from the school dance and Philip Matheson’s (John Morris) pills. Celia catches him trying to steal from the store and he is arrested by Sgt. Bob Barnett (Robert Baxter). Dodge retaliates by firebombing the store, which results in Philip being killed (293). He then leaves town but returns as the latest foster child of the Fletcher family. He builds up a friendship with Philip’s nephew Steven (Adam Willits) and convinces him to frame Simon Yates (Christopher Saunders) for arson. Dodge clashes with Sally Fletcher (Kate Ritchie) and begins bullying her, after she continually picks on him simply because she finds him \"creepy\" (and not because he stole candy from her at the bus stop). He then leads Steven into bad behaviour. Things start to get undone when Dodge drunkenly confesses to Adam Cameron (Mat Stevenson) that he burned the store down (372). Steven is enraged when he finds out and attacks Dodge but Donald Fisher (Norman Coburn) stops him. Dodge is arrested, charged with murder (374), and imprisoned for 5 to 6 years. Dodge is paroled in 1995, murders Irene's husband \"mud\" (Murdoch Roberts), and returns Summer Bay (1775) to even the score with Steven by framing him for murder. In the end, he kidnaps Kelly Watson (Katrina Hobbs) to lure Steven into a fight with him on a clifftop and plunge into the sea below (1806). Shane Parrish (Dieter Brummer) rescues Steven, but Dodge’s body is never found.\n\n\n20 April–16 May\nSimon Yates\nChristopher Saunders[34]\n Simon meets Roo Stewart (Justine Clarke) at a Dirty Dancing competition and takes a liking to her. Simon takes a job at the Bayside diner. It is revealed he served a prison sentence for armed robbery but Roo is not deterred and they continue their relationship, despite Roo's aunt Morag Bellingham's (Cornelia Frances) warnings about Simon. Steven Matheson (Adam Willits) is convinced Simon is behind the fire that recently killed his uncle Philip (John Morris) and attacks him. Simon leaves but briefly returns and begins working for Roo's father Alf (Ray Meagher) but Steven continues his harassment of Simon and is goaded by Brian \"Dodge Forbes (Kelly Dingwall) into framing him for arson. Simon is arrested and bailed at Alf's expense but he runs away. Simon later sends Roo a letter saying he will pay Alf back.\n\n\n2–9 May\nAndrew Foley Senior\nAlan Tobin\n Andrew Senior is Andrew Foley's (Peter Bensley) estranged father. The two men have not spoken since the death of Andrew’s mother, Julia. Andrew Senior is dying and wants to make peace with his son and asks Carly Morris (Sharyn Hodgson) to set up a meeting but Andrew refuses. Andrew Senior finally gets to see his son but he warns him to stay away from him. Andrew Senior later dies but leaves Andrew a great deal of money in his will and a letter full of apologies.\n\n\n10 May–22 February 1990\nHoward West\nRichard Rowe[35]\n West is a representative of the Department of Childcare Services. He brings Brian “Dodge” Forbes (Kelly Dingwall) to the Fletchers as their newest foster child. He investigates Viv Newton’s (Mouche Phillips) claims of her father John’s (John Gregg) mistreatment of her and her sister Tammy (Katy Edwards). John manages to get West onside, however, West organises a temporary supervision order for Tammy. West reappears when Donald Fisher (Norman Coburn) is facing murder charges and terminates his guardianship of Viv and has her placed in a children’s home. However, Donald is exonerated and Viv returns.\n\n\n11 May\nPeter Braithwaite\nRon Blanchard\n Peter is an insurance assessor who contacts Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence) about a claim following the recent fire of her store. He becomes suspicious when Celia asks for $500, 000, twice the store's value.\n\n\n18–29 May\nKyoko Sakamoto\nYuka Mitani\n Kyoko is an interepreter for Japanese clients of the Macklins family who visit Summer Bay on business.\n\n\n2–8 June\nPeter Bedford\nBevan Wilson[36]\n Peter is an investor in the Macklin development who is invited to dinner with the Fletcher family. He is disappointed when he learns Frank Morgan (Alex Papps) did not attend University and does little to impress Frank's wife Bobby (Nicolle Dickson) with his comments about the importance of a stable family home and education, prompting her to verbally attack him. Following this, Bedford decides not to sign with the Macklins but is eventually persuaded to sign the contract by Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson), who he takes a liking to.\n\n\n2 June\nClaire Bedford\nLinda Anning[36]\n Claire is the wife of Macklin investor Peter Bedford (Bevan Wilson), who joins him after being invited to dinner with the Fletcher family.\n\n\n8 June–18 July\nFlynn\nMark McCann\n Flynn is a labourer for the Macklin corporation. He and the other workers get tired of Martin Dibble's (Craig Thomson) attitude and call a strike. Roo Stewart (Justine Clarke) is able to negotiate and Flynn and the others call off the strike. Flynn later tries to assist Martin in the rescue of Marilyn Chambers (Emily Symons) who has climbed onto a high surface to get Andrew Foley's (Peter Bensley) attention.\n\n\n13 June\nJay Everett\nAndrew Doyle[37]\n Jay is a motivational guru who temporarily takes over as office manager at the Macklin development in Tom Fletcher's (Roger Oakley) absence. His positive energy rubs off on Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) but fails to rouse Roo Stewart (Justine Clarke whose father Alf (Ray Meagher) is missing alongside Tom.\n\n\n6 July–13 September\nNina Olivera\nRaquel Suarstzman[38]\n Nina is a friend of Stacey Macklin (Sandie Lillingston). She assembles a music group called Image consisting of Lance Smart (Peter Vroom), Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) and Marilyn Chambers (Emily Symons). Lance becomes more and more uncomfortable as the group's fame grows and feels Nina is controlling the lives of group. Lance sabotages a live performance at the Sands Resort and makes a fool of himself on a Saturday Morning television programme and Nina rips up the contract. However, Nina scores a job in Los Angeles for promoting Image and leaves to take it. She invites Stacey to join her several weeks later and she does.\n\n\n11 July\nBeulah\nRobyn Gurney\n Beulah is a homeless woman who helps Viv Newton (Mouche Phillips) while she is living rough on the streets.\n\n\n19 July\nSgt. Col Baker\nSimon Westaway\nBaker questions Brian \"Dodge\" Forbes (Kelly Dingwall) over an accident involving a stolen car. Steven Matheson (Adam Willits) then assumes the blame.\n\n\n21 July–1 August\nJohn Newton\nJohn Gregg[39]\nJohn is Viv Newton's (Mouche Phillips) father, who is a reverend. He arrives in Summer Bay after tracking Viv down, much to her horror. John puts on a sincere act in front of Viv's principal, Donald Fisher (Norman Coburn) and Andrew Foley (Peter Bensley) but once he gets Viv home, he locks her in a cupboard under the stairs. Steven Matheson (Adam Willits) and Bobby Simpson (Nicolle Dickson) pay a visit to the Newtons. They see through John's lies and rescue Viv but John refuses to let his younger daughter, Tammy (Katy Edwards) go with them. Bobby then locks John in a cupboard as taste of his own medicine and she, Steven, Viv and Tammy flee back to the Bay. After being freed, John arrives in Summer Bay to reclaim Tammy, who is reluctant to agree but Viv persuades her to go as a supervision order will be placed on John. After Tammy runs away the following year after more of John's abuse, The Department of Child Services get involved and question John, who relinquishes custody rather than face court.\n\n\n27 July–25 May 1990\nTammy Newton\nKaty Edwards[40]\nTammy is Viv Newton's (Mouche Phillips) younger sister. She is used by their father John (John Gregg) in order to guilt trip Viv into returning home. When Tammy and Viv flee to Summer Bay, John tracks them down and Viv refuses to return. After Howard West (Richard Rowe) arranges a supervision order, Tammy reluctantly agrees to return home while Viv remains with Donald. A year later, Tammy flees John and runs away to find Viv and stays in hiding for several days before reuniting with Viv. Helen Wakefield (Shayne Foote), a social worker locates Viv and Tammy's mother, Angela (Annie Byron) and brings her to meet her estranged daughters. Tammy is shocked and scared at first as John had told her and Viv that Angela had died. Angela explains that she left them when Tammy was a year old. Tammy then leaves with Viv and Angela to start a new life in Queensland.\n\n\n9 August–16 April 1990\nRex Wilson\nBarry Donnelly\nRex is Matt Wilson's (Greg Benson) uncle who works on the local council. He gets Matt a job as beach inspector and closes down Andrew Foley's (Peter Bensley) advice centre in the store room of the diner. Rex suffers a heart attack several months later and resigns from the council.\n\n\n9 August\nFreddie Hudson\nMark Arbib[41]\nFreddie is a student who visits Andrew Foley (Peter Bensley) at his Youth advice centre at the Bayside diner.\n\n\n18–31 August\nRoss Keating\nJames Gleeson[42]\nRoss is Sally Keating's (Kate Ritchie) estranged uncle. He arrives just before Tom (Roger Oakley) and Pippa Fletcher's (Vanessa Downing) application to adopt Sally goes through and expresses an interest in obtaining custody of his niece. Sally is resistant on seeing Ross at first but when he and his wife Louise (Felicity Soper) invite her over to their spacious home, she changes her mind. Ross is happy when Sally tells him she wants to live with him and Louise, but she changes her mind after realising she is happy with the Fletchers. The Keatings then leave Summer Bay.\n\n\n23–31 August\nLouise Keating\nFelicity Soper[43]\nLouise is Ross' (James Gleeson) wife and Sally's (Kate Ritchie) aunt. Louise and her husband grow closer to Sally as they are unable to have children themselves due to Louise having an operation for ovarian cancer that left her infertile. Louise is happy when Sally tells her and Ross she wants to live with them but Sally changes her mind and opts to stay with the Fletcher family.\n\n\n29 August, 23 March 1990\nLen Baxter\nUncredited\nDamian Cudmore[44]\nLen is the father of Vicki Baxter (Nana Coburn). He picks her up from the Surf Club dance but not before giving her date, Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) a warning glare. When Vicki alleges her teacher Grant Mitchell (Craig McLachlan) has sexually molested her, Len is enraged and demands Grant be removed from the school. Grant is temporarily suspended but he is reinstated when Vicki reveals she lied.\n\n\n29 August–10 November\nDanny Farnsworth\nJustin Connor [45]\nDanny is the son of Gordon Farnsworth, a man who Morag Bellingham (Cornelia Frances) sentenced to prison, resulting in Gordon committing suicide. Danny begins a revenge campaign Morag by making threatening phone calls. He arrives in Summer Bay keeping his identity a secret and takes a job working for Morag as her assistant and moves in with her when she offers him a room. Morag’s daughter, Bobby Simpson (Nicolle Dickson) takes an interest in Danny and they begin dating. Danny scares Morag by first planting a spider in a box of chocolates and by hanging a dummy, causing Morag to think there is a corpse in her living room. He is pleased when he realises nobody believes Morag, but is comes unstuck when she discovers clippings from his father’s trial. Danny holds Morag hostage and tries to kill her after she confronts him in a mock trial and Bobby and her father Donald Fisher (Norman Coburn) convince him to let her go with Donald pretending to be Danny’s father during his psychotic episode. Bobby then helps him flee town and Danny asks her to leave with him but she turns him down.\n\n\n30 August–8 July 1996\nChris Hale\nJohn Meillon Jr.[46]\n Hale is a police constable who first appears when Andrew Foley (Peter Bensley) and Stacey Macklin (Sandie Lillingston) trespass on private property. He later arrests Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) for illegally selling stuffed Bunyips outside Summer Bay Primary. Following his promotion to sergeant, Hale is involved in various police matters over the years including the arrest of Shane Parrish (Dieter Brummer) for theft and Sally Fletcher (Kate Ritchie) running away. In December 1995, Hale accidentally knocks Shane off his bike in a hit and run, leaving him for dead. Shane dies of septicaemia several months later following the removal of his spleen and Hale's guilt compels him to help Shane's widow, Angel (Melissa George). He later threatens Jesse McGregor (Ben Unwin) who knows the truth but the guilt proves too much and Hale confesses and he is suspended.\n\n\n11 September\nDoctor Ellis\nMarilyn Allen\nA doctor at Northern Districts Hospital who arranges for Tom Fletcher (Roger Oakley) to be transferred to a hospital in the city following his heart attack.\n\n\n11 September\nDoctor Williamson\nDavid Whitford\nA city doctor who diagnoses Tom Fletcher (Roger Oakley) with an intracerebral haematoma.\n\n\n18–21 September\nIan McTavish\nNoel Trevarthen\nMcTavish is a Scottish explorer who arrives in Summer Bay to hunt down the legendary “Summer Bay Bunyip”. He makes a play for Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence) who rebuffs him. When McTavish discovers there is no Bunyip and finds Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) dressed in a costume, he leaves.\n\n\n20 September\nSamantha Walker\nFiona Shannon\nA youth worker who informs Ailsa Stewart (Judy Nunn) of her niece Emma Jackson's (Dannii Minogue) desire to live with her. Ailsa is shocked as she is unaware that her estranged sister Bridget (Paula Duncan) has a daughter.\n\n\n11–12 October\nMillicent Staples\nJulie Haseler[47]\nMillicent is a wealthy young woman who books a charter cruise with Adam Cameron (Mat Stevenson), who is attracted to her. He accepts her booking and transports Millicent and her two associates to a remote island. After spending the day together, Millicent tells Adam she will get rid of her associates so they can be alone but this is a trick as Millicent sails off on the yacht, leaving Adam marooned on the island.\n\n\n11 October\nHenry Whiting\nPatrick Ward[47]\n Henry is the owner of a local hot dog stand who is approached by Lance Smart (Peter Vroom) and Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) to sell the business but accepts an offer from Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence) instead.\n\n\n25 October\nSylvia Wilson\nMarie Armstrong\n Sylvia is Rex Wilson’s (Barry Donnelly) wife and Matt's (Greg Benson) aunt. She is seen in the Stewart store when Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) complains about the council shutting down his hot dog stand\n\n\n26 October–15 November\nRory Heywood\nGregor Jordan[48]\nRory arrives in summer Bay looking for the Fletcher family, who he believes to be friends of his father. Rory's true identity is exposed, but Tom's wife Pippa (Vanessa Downing) agrees to let him stay. His presence provides an irritation for Steven Matheson (Adam Willits) and Carly Morris (Sharyn Hodgson). Rory joins the surf club and helps Adam Cameron (Mat Stevenson) get back together with Carly. Rory, pleased with himself, goes for a surf but is eaten by a shark. Adam later avenges Rory by capturing the shark. Judy Nunn described the storyline involving Rory's shark attack as one of her favorites.[49]\n\n\n30 October–2 November\nMick\nBruce Samazan\nMick is a friend of Andrew Foley (Peter Bensley),who comes to stay with him and his girlfriend Stacey Macklin (Sandie Lillingston). Mick is a drug addict and when Stacey’s engagement ring goes missing, she blames him but apologises when Mick explains he had the ring tightened. Mick then turns on Stacey and trashes the flat before leaving.\n\n\n17 November\nRosemary White\nZoe Bertram[50]\n Rosemary is Rory Heywood’s (Gregor Jordan) sister who arrives following his death. She reveals to the Fletcher family Rory’s real name was Colin.\n\n\n21 November–22 January 1990\nZac Burgess\nMark Conroy[51]\n Zac is a shark hunter who arrives in the Bay after Rory Heywood (Gregor Jordan) is eaten by a shark. He demands $5000 upfront and $5000 for catching the shark much to the ire of the locals. Gordon Macklin (Ron Haddrick) pays $2000 toward the shark's capture but visits Zac at the caravan park and offers to double the money if the shark is kept alive. Zac learns that Gordon is having rubbish dumped on the closed beach and in the ocean in order to attract the shark and threatens to reveal he is behind the dumping. He then makes a move on Carly Morris (Sharyn Hodgson), much to her disgust then targets Pippa Fletcher (Vanessa Downing) who rejects his advances but Zac continues to the point where many people in town think they are having an affair, putting strain on Pippa's marriage to Tom (Roger Oakley). Steven Matheson (Adam Willits) arranges a plan to expose Zac by having Pippa feign interest in Zac's advances and records a conversation in which Zac admits everything. Tom and Zac fight and Zac leaves town.\n\n\n12 December\nDrew Howard\nIgnatius Jones[52]\n Drew is Marilyn Chambers' (Emily Symons) producer on a game show called “Cheap shots\". He tries to get Marilyn to make fools of Lance Smart (Peter Vroom) and Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) on national television but Marilyn turns the tables and humiliates Drew instead by throwing tomato sauce on him.\n\n", "\n\nDate(s)\nCharacter\nActor\nCircumstances\n\n\n25 January–13 February,\n27 March–3 April 2018\nMartha Stewart\nAlison Mulvaney[25]\nBelinda Giblin[26]\nMartha is Alf Stewart's (Ray Meagher) late wife and the mother of their daughter, Roo (Justine Clarke). Martha appears in flashbacks to 1970 when Bobby Simpson (Nicolle Dickson) reads her diary entries from that year while searching for leads on her biological parents. It is revealed that Martha knew that Alf’s sister, Morag Bellingham (Cornelia Frances) was Bobby’s mother and subsequently had her adopted out to Al (George Leppard; Terence Donovan) and Doris Simpson. In 2018, Alf tells Roo that Martha did not drown, as Roo had been led to believe, and is still alive and out there somewhere. Martha comes to Summer Bay House and meets Ryder Jackson, who asks if she wants to rent a caravan from Alf. She leaves, but later returns and comes face-to-face with Alf and then Roo. Martha explains that a friend informed her Roo had come looking for her. Roo and Martha talk, but when Roo asks why Martha left her all those years ago, Martha tells her she is tired and leaves. Martha later reveals that she has borderline personality disorder. She struggled to connect with Roo and could not face up to her condition, so she left. After seeking help and treatment, the guilt and fear stopped her from coming back, but she knew Roo would have a good life. Roo tells Martha that she gave Alf a hard time and had a daughter when she was sixteen, who she named after Martha. Roo asks Martha to have dinner with Alf, but she fails to show up. The following day, Martha comes to Summer Bay House to leave her contact details for Roo and she apologises to Alf, before explaining why she left. Roo tells Martha that she needs to leave, as her presence is hurting Alf, but she will visit her.\n\n\n25 January\nLes Palmer\nGraham Lancaster[25]\n Les is Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence)’s late fiancé who appears in flashbacks to 1970 when Bobby Simpson (Nicolle Dickson) reads the diary entries of the late Martha Stewart (Alison Mulvaney). Les and Celia hold a party to celebrate their engagement but it is not to be as Les is later killed in the Vietnam War.\n\n\n26 January–16 March\nNicholas Walsh\nRobert Taylor\n Nicholas arrives in Summer Bay to visit Stacey Macklin (Sandie Lillingston) and reveals to her ex, Philip Matheson (John Morris) that he and Stacey are engaged. Nicholas goes for a swim and has his clothes stolen and is seen in the nude by Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence) and Betty Falwell (Barbara Morton), who call the police and he is arrested for indecent exposure. He schemes with Stacey's father, Gordon (Ron Haddrick) to buy the caravan park from the Fletcher family but they decline and Nicholas offers Tom (Roger Oakley) a job in England. He urges Morag Bellingham (Cornelia Frances) to buy the park and sell it to him, she agrees. Stacey finds out Nicholas is behind some poison pen letters addressed to Ailsa Stewart (Judy Nunn), which he had framed her stepdaughter Roo (Justine Clarke) for. He chases Stacey and attacks her but Tom saves Stacey and hits Nicholas.\n\n\n1 February–5 September\nKim Patterson\nJacqui Townsend[27]\n Kim is the younger sister of Alison (Kathryn Ridley), Mav (Clayton Williams) and Skye Patterson (Angela Keep). She attends Summer Bay Primary in Year 4 with Sally Fletcher (Kate Ritchie). She tells Alison that Carly Morris (Sharyn Hodgson) is going through cold turkey. Kim and Sally find some floppy disks scattered in the bush, which contain Morag Bellingham's (Cornelia Frances) manuscript for her memoirs. She later argues with Sally over the existence of the \"Summer Bay Bunyip\" when Sally claims to have seen the creature.\n\n\n13 February–20 March\nRichard Bellingham\nJohn Bonney[28]\n Richard is Morag Bellingham’s (Cornelia Frances) husband of Twenty years. They separate after the truth about Morag being Bobby Simpson’s (Nicolle Dickson) mother is exposed in the local news. Before he leaves, he warns Morag's niece Roo Stewart (Justine Clarke) that she should stay away from her aunt.\n\n\n20 February–21 November\nJames Donahue\nRichard Morgan[29]\n Donahue is a journalist from The Daily Star who tries to get information about Morag Bellingham (Cornelia Frances) being the mother of Bobby Simpson (Nicolle Dickson). He tricks Morag’s sister, Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence) into revealing details. He is warned off by Alf Stewart (Ray Meagher) but returns when he learns Rory Heywood (Gregor Jordan) has been killed by a shark. Donahue persuades Lance Smart (Peter Vroom) to lie about the sighting of the shark.\n\n\n22 February–9 August 1990\nVicki Baxter\nNana Coburn[30]\n Vicki Baxter is an antagonist in Steven Matheson's (Adam Willits) class at Summer Bay High. She pokes fun at Carly Morris (Sharyn Hodgson) for repeating Year 12 after failing her HSC the previous year and begins bullying Viv Newton (Mouche Phillips). Vicki also frequently feuds with Emma Jackson (Dannii Minogue). When Grant Mitchell (Craig McLachlan) begins teaching at the school, Vicki makes a play for him asking for after school tuition. Grant rejects her advances and Vicki tells everyone that he sexually molested her, resulting in Grant's suspension pending an investigation. Emma is enraged and uses physical force to get Vicki to confess. She eventually confesses and Grant is reinstated. Vicki then frames Emma for stealing exam papers from Donald Fisher’s (Norman Coburn) office, which sees her expelled. Steven and Paul Jensen (Craig Black) work together in order to bring Vicki down by contacting her cousin Anna (Rebecca George), who informs them of Vicki's scheme. After being confronted with the evidence, Vicki herself is expelled from school.\n\n\n22 February–5 April\nLeanne Dunn\nKylie Foster\n Leanne is a girl who Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) meets on a blind date. She asks Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence) for etiquette lessons. Leanne's new image is a shock for Martin who wants to dump her. Leanne misinterprets his signals and thinks he wants to marry her. Martin tries to put her off by introducing her to his rough family and behaving like a slob. Leanne then reverts to her old image and she and Martin continue their relationship. Matt Wilson (Greg Benson) discovers Leanne is illiterate and teaches her to read. Martin assumes Matt is seeing Leanne and goes to attack Matt, resulting in Martin being knocked out. Meat Axe (Joseph Dicker), Leanne's ex-boyfriend, shows up and picks a fight with Martin and beats him up. Leanne stops the fight but she leaves with Meat Axe, breaking Martin's heart.\n\n\n1 March–12 November\nEnid\nJan Oxenbould\n Enid is a friend of Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence) who attends a town meeting about a killer shark inhabiting the waters near the beach.\n\n\n8 March\nNola Dibble\nDenise Roberts [31]\n Nola is Martin Dibble's (Craig Thomson) mother who appears when he brings Leanne Dunn (Kylie Foster) to meet the family for dinner in order to put her off marrying him.\n\n\n8 March\nScott Dibble\nUncredited[31]\n Scott and Errol are Martin Dibble's (Craig Thomson) brothers. They appear at a family meal when Martin brings Leanne Dunn to meet them and their parents Ern (Peter Carmody) and Nola (Denise Roberts).\n\n\nErrol Dibble\nUncredited[31]\n\n\n21 March–24 May\nNigel Taggart\nGary Down\nNigel is a colleague of Morag Bellingham (Cornelia Frances) who she had hired several years before when nobody would due to him losing his eyesight in an accident. He arrives to help her at the Blaxland mansion as her personal assistant. He often serves as a mediator and builds up a friendship with Morag's sister Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence). Celia develops feelings for Nigel but he does not reciprocate. Nigel resigns as Morag's assistance in order to get some independence and with the help of Ailsa Stewart (Judy Nunn), he leaves Celia a letter letting her down gently.\n\n\n28 March\nRoss Maybury\nJohn Banas\n Ross is the presenter of 'The World Tonight' a late night talk-show which Donald Fisher (Norman Coburn) and Bobby Simpson (Nicolle Dickson) appear on to discuss On the Crest of a Wave, a novel by Donald's son Alan (Simon Kay). Ross asks Bobby about the recently publicised revelation that Morag Bellingham (Cornelia Frances) is her mother and upsets her.\n\n\n4–5 April\nMeat Axe\nJoseph Dicker[32]\nMeat Axe is Leanne Dunn's (Kylie Foster) ex-boyfriend who arrives in Summer Bay to get back together with her. He is angry to find Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) is dating Leanne and challenges him to a fight. Meat Axe delivers a beating to Martin but is stopped when Leanne breaks a bottle over his head. However, Leanne leaves with Meat Axe after admitting to Martin she promised to go with him.\n\n\n18 April–23 October 1995\nBrian \"Dodge\" Forbes\nKelly Dingwall[33]\n Dodge arrives in Summer Bay and schemes to get free food from Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence) at the local store (287). He also steals Bobby Simpson’s money (Nicolle Dickson) while she is on the beach. After Lance Smart (Peter Vroom) catches Dodge trying to steal his car, he spins him a story about being broke and homeless, and Lance lets him stay in his mobile home. Dodge continues to cause trouble in the Bay by stealing money from the school dance and Philip Matheson’s (John Morris) pills. Celia catches him trying to steal from the store and he is arrested by Sgt. Bob Barnett (Robert Baxter). Dodge retaliates by firebombing the store, which results in Philip being killed (293). He then leaves town but returns as the latest foster child of the Fletcher family. He builds up a friendship with Philip’s nephew Steven (Adam Willits) and convinces him to frame Simon Yates (Christopher Saunders) for arson. Dodge clashes with Sally Fletcher (Kate Ritchie) and begins bullying her, after she continually picks on him simply because she finds him \"creepy\" (and not because he stole candy from her at the bus stop). He then leads Steven into bad behaviour. Things start to get undone when Dodge drunkenly confesses to Adam Cameron (Mat Stevenson) that he burned the store down (372). Steven is enraged when he finds out and attacks Dodge but Donald Fisher (Norman Coburn) stops him. Dodge is arrested, charged with murder (374), and imprisoned for 5 to 6 years. Dodge is paroled in 1995, murders Irene's husband \"mud\" (Murdoch Roberts), and returns Summer Bay (1775) to even the score with Steven by framing him for murder. In the end, he kidnaps Kelly Watson (Katrina Hobbs) to lure Steven into a fight with him on a clifftop and plunge into the sea below (1806). Shane Parrish (Dieter Brummer) rescues Steven, but Dodge’s body is never found.\n\n\n20 April–16 May\nSimon Yates\nChristopher Saunders[34]\n Simon meets Roo Stewart (Justine Clarke) at a Dirty Dancing competition and takes a liking to her. Simon takes a job at the Bayside diner. It is revealed he served a prison sentence for armed robbery but Roo is not deterred and they continue their relationship, despite Roo's aunt Morag Bellingham's (Cornelia Frances) warnings about Simon. Steven Matheson (Adam Willits) is convinced Simon is behind the fire that recently killed his uncle Philip (John Morris) and attacks him. Simon leaves but briefly returns and begins working for Roo's father Alf (Ray Meagher) but Steven continues his harassment of Simon and is goaded by Brian \"Dodge Forbes (Kelly Dingwall) into framing him for arson. Simon is arrested and bailed at Alf's expense but he runs away. Simon later sends Roo a letter saying he will pay Alf back.\n\n\n2–9 May\nAndrew Foley Senior\nAlan Tobin\n Andrew Senior is Andrew Foley's (Peter Bensley) estranged father. The two men have not spoken since the death of Andrew’s mother, Julia. Andrew Senior is dying and wants to make peace with his son and asks Carly Morris (Sharyn Hodgson) to set up a meeting but Andrew refuses. Andrew Senior finally gets to see his son but he warns him to stay away from him. Andrew Senior later dies but leaves Andrew a great deal of money in his will and a letter full of apologies.\n\n\n10 May–22 February 1990\nHoward West\nRichard Rowe[35]\n West is a representative of the Department of Childcare Services. He brings Brian “Dodge” Forbes (Kelly Dingwall) to the Fletchers as their newest foster child. He investigates Viv Newton’s (Mouche Phillips) claims of her father John’s (John Gregg) mistreatment of her and her sister Tammy (Katy Edwards). John manages to get West onside, however, West organises a temporary supervision order for Tammy. West reappears when Donald Fisher (Norman Coburn) is facing murder charges and terminates his guardianship of Viv and has her placed in a children’s home. However, Donald is exonerated and Viv returns.\n\n\n11 May\nPeter Braithwaite\nRon Blanchard\n Peter is an insurance assessor who contacts Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence) about a claim following the recent fire of her store. He becomes suspicious when Celia asks for $500, 000, twice the store's value.\n\n\n18–29 May\nKyoko Sakamoto\nYuka Mitani\n Kyoko is an interepreter for Japanese clients of the Macklins family who visit Summer Bay on business.\n\n\n2–8 June\nPeter Bedford\nBevan Wilson[36]\n Peter is an investor in the Macklin development who is invited to dinner with the Fletcher family. He is disappointed when he learns Frank Morgan (Alex Papps) did not attend University and does little to impress Frank's wife Bobby (Nicolle Dickson) with his comments about the importance of a stable family home and education, prompting her to verbally attack him. Following this, Bedford decides not to sign with the Macklins but is eventually persuaded to sign the contract by Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson), who he takes a liking to.\n\n\n2 June\nClaire Bedford\nLinda Anning[36]\n Claire is the wife of Macklin investor Peter Bedford (Bevan Wilson), who joins him after being invited to dinner with the Fletcher family.\n\n\n8 June–18 July\nFlynn\nMark McCann\n Flynn is a labourer for the Macklin corporation. He and the other workers get tired of Martin Dibble's (Craig Thomson) attitude and call a strike. Roo Stewart (Justine Clarke) is able to negotiate and Flynn and the others call off the strike. Flynn later tries to assist Martin in the rescue of Marilyn Chambers (Emily Symons) who has climbed onto a high surface to get Andrew Foley's (Peter Bensley) attention.\n\n\n13 June\nJay Everett\nAndrew Doyle[37]\n Jay is a motivational guru who temporarily takes over as office manager at the Macklin development in Tom Fletcher's (Roger Oakley) absence. His positive energy rubs off on Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) but fails to rouse Roo Stewart (Justine Clarke whose father Alf (Ray Meagher) is missing alongside Tom.\n\n\n6 July–13 September\nNina Olivera\nRaquel Suarstzman[38]\n Nina is a friend of Stacey Macklin (Sandie Lillingston). She assembles a music group called Image consisting of Lance Smart (Peter Vroom), Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) and Marilyn Chambers (Emily Symons). Lance becomes more and more uncomfortable as the group's fame grows and feels Nina is controlling the lives of group. Lance sabotages a live performance at the Sands Resort and makes a fool of himself on a Saturday Morning television programme and Nina rips up the contract. However, Nina scores a job in Los Angeles for promoting Image and leaves to take it. She invites Stacey to join her several weeks later and she does.\n\n\n11 July\nBeulah\nRobyn Gurney\n Beulah is a homeless woman who helps Viv Newton (Mouche Phillips) while she is living rough on the streets.\n\n\n19 July\nSgt. Col Baker\nSimon Westaway\nBaker questions Brian \"Dodge\" Forbes (Kelly Dingwall) over an accident involving a stolen car. Steven Matheson (Adam Willits) then assumes the blame.\n\n\n21 July–1 August\nJohn Newton\nJohn Gregg[39]\nJohn is Viv Newton's (Mouche Phillips) father, who is a reverend. He arrives in Summer Bay after tracking Viv down, much to her horror. John puts on a sincere act in front of Viv's principal, Donald Fisher (Norman Coburn) and Andrew Foley (Peter Bensley) but once he gets Viv home, he locks her in a cupboard under the stairs. Steven Matheson (Adam Willits) and Bobby Simpson (Nicolle Dickson) pay a visit to the Newtons. They see through John's lies and rescue Viv but John refuses to let his younger daughter, Tammy (Katy Edwards) go with them. Bobby then locks John in a cupboard as taste of his own medicine and she, Steven, Viv and Tammy flee back to the Bay. After being freed, John arrives in Summer Bay to reclaim Tammy, who is reluctant to agree but Viv persuades her to go as a supervision order will be placed on John. After Tammy runs away the following year after more of John's abuse, The Department of Child Services get involved and question John, who relinquishes custody rather than face court.\n\n\n27 July–25 May 1990\nTammy Newton\nKaty Edwards[40]\nTammy is Viv Newton's (Mouche Phillips) younger sister. She is used by their father John (John Gregg) in order to guilt trip Viv into returning home. When Tammy and Viv flee to Summer Bay, John tracks them down and Viv refuses to return. After Howard West (Richard Rowe) arranges a supervision order, Tammy reluctantly agrees to return home while Viv remains with Donald. A year later, Tammy flees John and runs away to find Viv and stays in hiding for several days before reuniting with Viv. Helen Wakefield (Shayne Foote), a social worker locates Viv and Tammy's mother, Angela (Annie Byron) and brings her to meet her estranged daughters. Tammy is shocked and scared at first as John had told her and Viv that Angela had died. Angela explains that she left them when Tammy was a year old. Tammy then leaves with Viv and Angela to start a new life in Queensland.\n\n\n9 August–16 April 1990\nRex Wilson\nBarry Donnelly\nRex is Matt Wilson's (Greg Benson) uncle who works on the local council. He gets Matt a job as beach inspector and closes down Andrew Foley's (Peter Bensley) advice centre in the store room of the diner. Rex suffers a heart attack several months later and resigns from the council.\n\n\n9 August\nFreddie Hudson\nMark Arbib[41]\nFreddie is a student who visits Andrew Foley (Peter Bensley) at his Youth advice centre at the Bayside diner.\n\n\n18–31 August\nRoss Keating\nJames Gleeson[42]\nRoss is Sally Keating's (Kate Ritchie) estranged uncle. He arrives just before Tom (Roger Oakley) and Pippa Fletcher's (Vanessa Downing) application to adopt Sally goes through and expresses an interest in obtaining custody of his niece. Sally is resistant on seeing Ross at first but when he and his wife Louise (Felicity Soper) invite her over to their spacious home, she changes her mind. Ross is happy when Sally tells him she wants to live with him and Louise, but she changes her mind after realising she is happy with the Fletchers. The Keatings then leave Summer Bay.\n\n\n23–31 August\nLouise Keating\nFelicity Soper[43]\nLouise is Ross' (James Gleeson) wife and Sally's (Kate Ritchie) aunt. Louise and her husband grow closer to Sally as they are unable to have children themselves due to Louise having an operation for ovarian cancer that left her infertile. Louise is happy when Sally tells her and Ross she wants to live with them but Sally changes her mind and opts to stay with the Fletcher family.\n\n\n29 August, 23 March 1990\nLen Baxter\nUncredited\nDamian Cudmore[44]\nLen is the father of Vicki Baxter (Nana Coburn). He picks her up from the Surf Club dance but not before giving her date, Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) a warning glare. When Vicki alleges her teacher Grant Mitchell (Craig McLachlan) has sexually molested her, Len is enraged and demands Grant be removed from the school. Grant is temporarily suspended but he is reinstated when Vicki reveals she lied.\n\n\n29 August–10 November\nDanny Farnsworth\nJustin Connor [45]\nDanny is the son of Gordon Farnsworth, a man who Morag Bellingham (Cornelia Frances) sentenced to prison, resulting in Gordon committing suicide. Danny begins a revenge campaign Morag by making threatening phone calls. He arrives in Summer Bay keeping his identity a secret and takes a job working for Morag as her assistant and moves in with her when she offers him a room. Morag’s daughter, Bobby Simpson (Nicolle Dickson) takes an interest in Danny and they begin dating. Danny scares Morag by first planting a spider in a box of chocolates and by hanging a dummy, causing Morag to think there is a corpse in her living room. He is pleased when he realises nobody believes Morag, but is comes unstuck when she discovers clippings from his father’s trial. Danny holds Morag hostage and tries to kill her after she confronts him in a mock trial and Bobby and her father Donald Fisher (Norman Coburn) convince him to let her go with Donald pretending to be Danny’s father during his psychotic episode. Bobby then helps him flee town and Danny asks her to leave with him but she turns him down.\n\n\n30 August–8 July 1996\nChris Hale\nJohn Meillon Jr.[46]\n Hale is a police constable who first appears when Andrew Foley (Peter Bensley) and Stacey Macklin (Sandie Lillingston) trespass on private property. He later arrests Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) for illegally selling stuffed Bunyips outside Summer Bay Primary. Following his promotion to sergeant, Hale is involved in various police matters over the years including the arrest of Shane Parrish (Dieter Brummer) for theft and Sally Fletcher (Kate Ritchie) running away. In December 1995, Hale accidentally knocks Shane off his bike in a hit and run, leaving him for dead. Shane dies of septicaemia several months later following the removal of his spleen and Hale's guilt compels him to help Shane's widow, Angel (Melissa George). He later threatens Jesse McGregor (Ben Unwin) who knows the truth but the guilt proves too much and Hale confesses and he is suspended.\n\n\n11 September\nDoctor Ellis\nMarilyn Allen\nA doctor at Northern Districts Hospital who arranges for Tom Fletcher (Roger Oakley) to be transferred to a hospital in the city following his heart attack.\n\n\n11 September\nDoctor Williamson\nDavid Whitford\nA city doctor who diagnoses Tom Fletcher (Roger Oakley) with an intracerebral haematoma.\n\n\n18–21 September\nIan McTavish\nNoel Trevarthen\nMcTavish is a Scottish explorer who arrives in Summer Bay to hunt down the legendary “Summer Bay Bunyip”. He makes a play for Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence) who rebuffs him. When McTavish discovers there is no Bunyip and finds Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) dressed in a costume, he leaves.\n\n\n20 September\nSamantha Walker\nFiona Shannon\nA youth worker who informs Ailsa Stewart (Judy Nunn) of her niece Emma Jackson's (Dannii Minogue) desire to live with her. Ailsa is shocked as she is unaware that her estranged sister Bridget (Paula Duncan) has a daughter.\n\n\n11–12 October\nMillicent Staples\nJulie Haseler[47]\nMillicent is a wealthy young woman who books a charter cruise with Adam Cameron (Mat Stevenson), who is attracted to her. He accepts her booking and transports Millicent and her two associates to a remote island. After spending the day together, Millicent tells Adam she will get rid of her associates so they can be alone but this is a trick as Millicent sails off on the yacht, leaving Adam marooned on the island.\n\n\n11 October\nHenry Whiting\nPatrick Ward[47]\n Henry is the owner of a local hot dog stand who is approached by Lance Smart (Peter Vroom) and Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) to sell the business but accepts an offer from Celia Stewart (Fiona Spence) instead.\n\n\n25 October\nSylvia Wilson\nMarie Armstrong\n Sylvia is Rex Wilson’s (Barry Donnelly) wife and Matt's (Greg Benson) aunt. She is seen in the Stewart store when Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) complains about the council shutting down his hot dog stand\n\n\n26 October–15 November\nRory Heywood\nGregor Jordan[48]\nRory arrives in summer Bay looking for the Fletcher family, who he believes to be friends of his father. Rory's true identity is exposed, but Tom's wife Pippa (Vanessa Downing) agrees to let him stay. His presence provides an irritation for Steven Matheson (Adam Willits) and Carly Morris (Sharyn Hodgson). Rory joins the surf club and helps Adam Cameron (Mat Stevenson) get back together with Carly. Rory, pleased with himself, goes for a surf but is eaten by a shark. Adam later avenges Rory by capturing the shark. Judy Nunn described the storyline involving Rory's shark attack as one of her favorites.[49]\n\n\n30 October–2 November\nMick\nBruce Samazan\nMick is a friend of Andrew Foley (Peter Bensley),who comes to stay with him and his girlfriend Stacey Macklin (Sandie Lillingston). Mick is a drug addict and when Stacey’s engagement ring goes missing, she blames him but apologises when Mick explains he had the ring tightened. Mick then turns on Stacey and trashes the flat before leaving.\n\n\n17 November\nRosemary White\nZoe Bertram[50]\n Rosemary is Rory Heywood’s (Gregor Jordan) sister who arrives following his death. She reveals to the Fletcher family Rory’s real name was Colin.\n\n\n21 November–22 January 1990\nZac Burgess\nMark Conroy[51]\n Zac is a shark hunter who arrives in the Bay after Rory Heywood (Gregor Jordan) is eaten by a shark. He demands $5000 upfront and $5000 for catching the shark much to the ire of the locals. Gordon Macklin (Ron Haddrick) pays $2000 toward the shark's capture but visits Zac at the caravan park and offers to double the money if the shark is kept alive. Zac learns that Gordon is having rubbish dumped on the closed beach and in the ocean in order to attract the shark and threatens to reveal he is behind the dumping. He then makes a move on Carly Morris (Sharyn Hodgson), much to her disgust then targets Pippa Fletcher (Vanessa Downing) who rejects his advances but Zac continues to the point where many people in town think they are having an affair, putting strain on Pippa's marriage to Tom (Roger Oakley). Steven Matheson (Adam Willits) arranges a plan to expose Zac by having Pippa feign interest in Zac's advances and records a conversation in which Zac admits everything. Tom and Zac fight and Zac leaves town.\n\n\n12 December\nDrew Howard\nIgnatius Jones[52]\n Drew is Marilyn Chambers' (Emily Symons) producer on a game show called “Cheap shots\". He tries to get Marilyn to make fools of Lance Smart (Peter Vroom) and Martin Dibble (Craig Thomson) on national television but Marilyn turns the tables and humiliates Drew instead by throwing tomato sauce on him.\n\n" ]

[ "Belinda Giblin", "Alison Mulvaney" ]

[ "The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts is a museum and art school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1805 and is the first and oldest art museum and art school in the United States. The academy's museum is internationally known for its collections of 19th- and 20th-century American paintings, sculptures, and works on paper. Its archives house important materials for the study of American art history, museums, and art training." ]

[ "1805" ]

[ "BRCA1 and BRCA1 (/ˌbrækəˈwʌn/[5]) are a human gene and its protein product, respectively. The official symbol (BRCA1, italic for the gene, nonitalic for the protein) and the official name (breast cancer 1) are maintained by the HGNC. Orthologs, styled Brca1 and Brca1, are common in other mammal species.[6] BRCA1 is a human tumor suppressor gene[7][8] (to be specific, a caretaker gene), found in all humans; its protein, also called by the synonym breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein, is responsible for repairing DNA.[9]" ]

[ "breast cancer" ]

[ "Lau v. Nichols, 414 U.S. 563 (1974), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously decided that the lack of supplemental language instruction in public school for students with limited English proficiency violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The court held that since non-English speakers were denied a meaningful education, the disparate impact caused by the school policy violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the school district was demanded to provide students with \"appropriate relief\".[1]" ]

[ "decided that the lack of supplemental language instruction in public school for students with limited English proficiency violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964" ]

[ "Bust/waist/hip measurements (informally called vital statistics) are a common method of specifying body proportions for the purpose of fitting clothes. They match the three inflection points of the female body shape. It is also often used in women's personal ads or Internet profiles to indicate their appearance. In human body measurement, the three sizes are the circumferences of the bust, waist and hips; usually rendered as three sizes: xx–yy–zz in inches, or centimeters. The three sizes are used mostly in fashion, and almost exclusively in reference to women,[1] who, compared to men, are more likely to have a narrow waist relative to bust and hips." ]

[ "Bust/waist/hip" ]

[ "Overall, by 2 November, the RAF fielded 1,796 pilots, an increase of over 40% from July 1940's count of 1,259 pilots.[256] Based on German sources (from a Luftwaffe intelligence officer Otto Bechtle attached to KG 2 in February 1944) translated by the Air Historical Branch, Stephen Bungay asserts German fighter and bomber \"strength\" declined without recovery, and that from August – December 1940, the German fighter and bomber strength declined by 30 and 25 percent.[8] In contrast, Williamson Murray, argues (using translations by the Air Historical Branch) that 1,380 German bombers were on strength on 29 June 1940,[6][257] 1,420 bombers on 28 September,[258] 1,423 level bombers on 2 November[259] and 1,393 bombers on 30 November 1940.[259] In July – September the number of Luftwaffe pilots available fell by 136, but the number of operational pilots had shrunk by 171 by September. The training organisation of the Luftwaffe was failing to replace losses. German fighter pilots, in contrast to popular perception, were not afforded training or rest rotations unlike their British counterparts.[114] The first week of September accounted for 25% of the Fighter Command, and 24% of the Luftwaffe's overall losses.[260] Between the dates 26 August – 6 September, on only one day (1 September) did the Germans destroy more aircraft than they lost. Losses were 325 German and 248 British.[261]" ]

[ "325" ]

[ "The appendix (or vermiform appendix; also cecal [or caecal] appendix; vermix; or vermiform process) is a blind-ended tube connected to the cecum, from which it develops in the embryo. The cecum is a pouchlike structure of the colon, located at the junction of the small and the large intestines." ]

[ "at the junction of the small and the large intestines" ]

[ "Tanya Lauren Branning[1][2] (also Cross and Jessop) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Jo Joyner. She made her first appearance on 27 June 2006. She left the show temporarily on 25 December 2009 for maternity leave and returned for one episode on 23 June 2010. She made her full-time return on 27 September 2010. Tanya's storylines have included opening her own salon, giving birth to her third child, divorcing and then burying Max Branning (Jake Wood) alive, marrying Greg Jessop (Stefan Booth), starting an affair with Max, dealing with her cervical cancer and discovering that Max has a secret wife, Kirsty Branning (Kierston Wareing). On 1 May 2012, it was announced Joyner would take another break from the series in 2013, however, on 1 April 2013, it was announced her departure would be indefinite. On 15 May 2013, Joyner filmed her final scenes and departed on 28 June 2013. Tanya returned in February 2015 for two episodes as part of the show's 30th anniversary celebrations." ]

[ "Jo Joyner" ]

[ "\n\nKing of the Netherlands\n\n\nKoning der Nederlanden\n\n\n\nCoat of arms of the Netherlands\n\n\n\nIncumbent\n\n\n\n\n\nWillem-Alexander\nsince 30 April 2013\n\n\n\n\n\nDetails\n\n\nStyle\nHis Majesty\n\n\nHeir apparent\nCatharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange\n\n\nFirst monarch\nWilliam I\n\n\nFormation\n16 March 1815\n\n\nResidence\nRoyal Palace of Amsterdam\nNoordeinde Palace\nHuis ten Bosch\n\n\nWebsite\nThe Royal Website\n\n" ]

[ "Willem-Alexander" ]

[ "This list contains the top 50 accounts with the largest number of followers on the social media platform Twitter.[1] As of 2 August 2018[update], the most followed person is American singer Katy Perry, with close to 107 million followers. Her account was the first to exceed 100 million followers, in June 2017.[2]\n" ]

[ "Katy Perry" ]

[ "Orange Is the New Black (sometimes abbreviated to OITNB) is an American comedy-drama web television series created by Jenji Kohan for Netflix.[1][2] The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. Orange Is the New Black premiered on July 11, 2013 on the streaming service Netflix.[3] In February 2016, the series was renewed for a fifth, sixth, and seventh season.[4] The fifth season was released on June 9, 2017.[5] The sixth season is scheduled to be released on July 27, 2018.[6] The series is produced by Tilted Productions in association with Lionsgate Television.\n" ]

[ "July 11, 2013" ]

[ "In his book Music: What Happened?, musician and music critic Scott Miller described the song as \"quintessentially 1972\" and \"lovely\".[3] Mike DeGagne of Allmusic called it \"a charming little country-pop tune\" and \"their most memorable,\" praising its melody and Craig Fuller's lead vocals.[4] Rock historian John Einarson, citing the song's \"lilting harmonies and subtle acoustic playing,\" called it \"a classic of the country rock genre.\"[5]\n" ]

[ "Craig Fuller" ]

[ "The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the American Midwest, Middle West, or simply the Midwest, is one of four geographic regions defined by the United States Census Bureau. It occupies the northern central part of the United States of America.[2] It was officially named the North Central region by the Census Bureau until 1984.[3] It is located between the Northeastern U.S. and the Western U.S., with Canada to its north and the Southern U.S. to its south." ]

[ "North Central region" ]

[ "The California State Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of California. It is a bicameral body consisting of the lower house, the California State Assembly, with 80 members, and the upper house, the California State Senate, with 40 members.[1] New legislators convene each new two-year session, to organize, in the Assembly and Senate Chambers, respectively, at noon on the first Monday in December following the election.[2] After the organizational meeting, both houses are in recess until the first Monday in January, except when the first Monday is January 1 or January 1 is a Sunday, in which case they meet the following Wednesday. Aside from the recess, the legislature is in session year-round.[3]\n" ]

[ "the California State Assembly" ]

[ "Oxytocin (Oxt; /ˌɒksɪˈtoʊsɪn/, /ˌɒksi-/) is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide. Oxytocin is normally produced by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary.[3] It plays a role in social bonding, sexual reproduction in both sexes, and during and after childbirth.[4] Oxytocin is released into the bloodstream as a hormone in response to stretching of the cervix and uterus during labor and with stimulation of the nipples from breastfeeding.[5] This helps with birth, bonding with the baby, and milk production.[5][6] Oxytocin was discovered by Henry Dale in 1906.[7] Its molecular structure was discovered in 1952.[8] Oxytocin is also used as a medication to facilitate childbirth.[9][10][11]", "Oxytocin (Oxt; /ˌɒksɪˈtoʊsɪn/, /ˌɒksi-/) is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide. Oxytocin is normally produced by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary.[3] It plays a role in social bonding, sexual reproduction in both sexes, and during and after childbirth.[4] Oxytocin is released into the bloodstream as a hormone in response to stretching of the cervix and uterus during labor and with stimulation of the nipples from breastfeeding.[5] This helps with birth, bonding with the baby, and milk production.[5][6] Oxytocin was discovered by Henry Dale in 1906.[7] Its molecular structure was discovered in 1952.[8] Oxytocin is also used as a medication to facilitate childbirth.[9][10][11]", "Oxytocin (Oxt; /ˌɒksɪˈtoʊsɪn/, /ˌɒksi-/) is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide. Oxytocin is normally produced by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary.[3] It plays a role in social bonding, sexual reproduction in both sexes, and during and after childbirth.[4] Oxytocin is released into the bloodstream as a hormone in response to stretching of the cervix and uterus during labor and with stimulation of the nipples from breastfeeding.[5] This helps with birth, bonding with the baby, and milk production.[5][6] Oxytocin was discovered by Henry Dale in 1906.[7] Its molecular structure was discovered in 1952.[8] Oxytocin is also used as a medication to facilitate childbirth.[9][10][11]" ]

[ "paraventricular nucleus", "social bonding", "sexual reproduction" ]

[ "Mandalay Bay is a 43-story luxury resort and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International. One of the property's towers operates as the Delano; the Four Seasons Hotel is independently operated within the Mandalay Bay tower, occupying 5 floors (35–39)." ]

[ "43" ]

[ "The Cleveland Cavaliers, (referred to as the Cavs), are an American professional basketball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Cavs compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Eastern Conference Central Division. The team began play as an expansion team in 1970, along with the Portland Trail Blazers and Buffalo Braves. Home games were first held at Cleveland Arena from 1970 to 1974, followed by the Richfield Coliseum from 1974 to 1994. Since 1994, the Cavs have played home games at Quicken Loans Arena in downtown Cleveland, which is shared with the Cleveland Gladiators of the Arena Football League and the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League. Dan Gilbert has owned the team since March 2005." ]

[ "Quicken Loans Arena in downtown Cleveland" ]

[ "The Tour de France (French pronunciation: ​[tuʁ də fʁɑ̃s]) is an annual men's multiple stage bicycle race primarily held in France,[1] while also occasionally passing through nearby countries. Like the other Grand Tours (the Giro d'Italia and the Vuelta a España), it consists of 21 day-long stages over the course of 23 days.\n" ]

[ "bicycle race" ]

[ "Shannon Marie Kahololani Sossamon, commonly known as Shannyn Sossamon (born October 3, 1978), is an American actress and musician. She has appeared in the films A Knight's Tale (2001), 40 Days and 40 Nights, The Rules of Attraction (both 2002), The Order (2003), Kiss Kiss Bang Bang (2005) and The Holiday (2006)." ]

[ "Shannon Marie Kahololani Sossamon" ]

[ "\n\nVeteran\nLifespan\nNotes\n\n\nAmerican Revolutionary War (1775–1783)\n\n\nRalph Farnham [Farnum]\n1756-1860\nMassachusetts. Biography:\"Biographical Sketch of Ralph Farnham\" by C.W. Clarence 1860\n\n\nBarnabas Cochran\n1758–1864\nPennsylvania Militia. Longest living verified veteran.[3]\n\n\nAdam Link\n1761-1864\nPennsylvania Militia. Photograph/biography listed in 1864 publication The Last Men of the Revolution\n\n\nRev. Daniel Waldo\n1762-1864\nConnecticut Militia. Served as Chaplain of the US House of Representatives. Photograph/biography listed in 1864 publication The Last Men of the Revolution\n\n\nJames Barham\n1764-1865\nVirginia State Militia. Was to have had a Photograph/biography listed in 1864 publication The Last Men of the Revolution; but was not located by author Hillard. Photograph/biography listed on Find a Grave website.[4]\n\n\nAlexander Millener\n1770?-1865\nEnlisted under stepfathers surname as \"Alexander Maroney\". Claimed to have been born in 1760 and to have served in Washington's life Guard {not verified} although he did serve in New York line. Photograph/biography listed in 1864 publication The Last Men of the Revolution\n\n\nWilliam Hutchings\n1764-1866\nMassachusetts Militia. Photograph/biography listed in 1864 publication The Last Men of the Revolution\n\n\nLemuel Cook\n1769-1866\n2nd Continental Light Dragoons. Photograph/biography listed in 1864 publication The Last Men of the Revolution\n\n\nSamuel Downing\n1761-1867\nServed in New Hampshire Line. Photograph/biography listed in 1864 publication The Last Men of the Revolution\n\n\nJohn Gray\n1764–1868\nVirginia Militia. 6 months Service period was too short to qualify for pension.[5]Granted a pension in 1867.\n\n\nWilliam Taylor\n1757-1868\nNew Jersey Militia. See story at Find a Grave memorial[6]\n\n\nDaniel Frederick Bakeman\n1759–1869\nLast veteran drawing a pension awarded by Congress; granted a pension in 1867 even though he could not prove his service.[7]\n\n\nShays' Rebellion (1786–1787)\n\n\nDavid Whitney\n1767–1867\nMassachusetts State Militia.[8]\n\n\nWhiskey Rebellion (1791–1794)\n\n\nMichael Edwards\n1767?–1876\nPennsylvania State Militia.\n\n\nWar of 1812 (1812–1815)\n\n\nHiram Cronk\n1800–1905\nU.S. Army.[9]\n\n\nBlack Hawk War (1832)\n\n\nHenry L. Riggs\n1812–1911\nIllinois State Militia.[10]\n\n\nToledo War (1835–1836)\n\n\nRiley Crooks Crawford\n1817–1910\nMichigan State Militia.[11][12]\n\n\nTexas Revolution (1835–1836)\n\n\nWilliam P. Zuber\n1820–1913\nTexas Volunteers.[13][14]\n\n\nBear Flag Revolt (1846)\n\n\nJohn Grider\n1826–1924\nCalifornian Rebel.[15][16]\n\n\nMexican–American War (1846–1848)\n\n\nOwen Thomas Edgar\n1831–1929\nU.S. Navy.[17]\n\n\nBleeding Kansas (1854–1861)\n\n\nLuke F. Parsons\n1833–1926\nLast survivor of the Battle of Osawatomie.[18][19]\n\n\nGeorge Roe\n1834–1927\nLast of John Brown's forces at the Battle of Black Jack[20]\n\n\nAmerican Civil War (1861–1865)\n\n\nJames Albert Hard\n1843–1953\nLast verified combat veteran. Fought for the Union.[21]\n\n\nAlbert Henry Woolson\n1850–1956\nLast Union veteran.[22]\n\n\nPleasant Riggs Crump\n1847–1951\nLast verified Confederate veteran. See Last surviving Confederate veterans.\n\n\nThomas Edwin Ross\n1850–1952\nInsufficient evidence. See Last surviving Confederate veterans.\n\n\nRichard William Cumpston\n1841?–1952\nNo evidence. See Last surviving Confederate veterans.\n\n\nWilliam Murphy Loudermilk[23]\n1847?–1952\nInsufficient evidence. See Last surviving Confederate veterans.\n\n\nWilliam Joshua Uncle Josh Bush[24]\n1846?–1952\nInsufficient evidence. See Last surviving Confederate veterans.\n\n\nWilliam Daniel Uncle Eli Townsend[24]\n1846–1953\nInsufficient evidence. See Last surviving Confederate veterans.\n\n\nWilliam Albert Kinney\n1846?–1953\nInsufficient evidence. See Last surviving Confederate veterans.\n\n\nWilliam Allen Uncle Bill Lundy[24]\n1859–1957\nDebunked.[25] See Last surviving Confederate veterans.\n\n\nAmerican Indian Wars (1622–1924}\n\n\nNoah Johnson\n1698–1798\nNew England colonists. Last survivor of Lovewell's War[26][27]\n\n\nSamuel Murphy\n1758–1851\nVirginia colonists. Last participant of Lord Dunmore's War[28]\n\n\nJohn Winchell Cullen\n1838–1939\nU.S. Army. Last survivor of the Yakima War.[29][30]\n\n\nDewey Beard\n1857–1955\nNative American from Lakota tribe. Last survivor of Battle of the Little Big Horn.[31] He also fought at Wounded Knee.[32]\n\n\nJohn Daw\n1870–1965\nU.S. Army. Last surviving Indian Scout.[33][34]\n\n\nFrederick Fraske\n1872–1973\nU.S. Army.[35]\n\n\nBoxer Rebellion (1897–1901)\n\n\nNathan E. Cook\n1885–1992\nU.S. Navy.[36]\n\n\nSpanish–American War (1898)\n\n\nJones Morgan\n1882–1993\nU.S. Army.\n\n\nPhilippine–American War (1899–1902)\n\n\nNathan E. Cook\n1885–1992\nU.S. Navy.[36]\n\n\nBorder War (1910–1919)\n\n\nSamuel Goldberg\n1900–2006\nU.S. Army.[37]\n\n\nWorld War I (1914–1918)\n\n\nFrank Woodruff Buckles\n1901–2011\nU.S. Army.[38]\n\n\nPancho Villa Expedition (1916–1917)\n\n\nMark Matthews\n1894?–2005\nU.S. Army.[39]\n\n\nAllied intervention in the Russian Civil War\n\n\nAmerican and other Allied forces were involved in the Polar Bear Expedition which began during World War I and continued into the Russian Civil War\n\n\nHarold Gunnes\n1899–2003\nServed in a naval brigade attached to the 339th Infantry Regiment as part of American Expeditionary Force North Russia.[40]\n\n\nWarren V. Hileman\n1901–2005\nServed in the 27th Infantry Regiment as part of the American Expeditionary Force Siberia.[41]\n\n\nSpanish Civil War (1936–1939)\n\n\nDelmer Berg\n1915–2016[42]\nVolunteered in 1938. Served in anti-aircraft in the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. Lived in Columbia, California.[43]\n\n" ]

[ "1953" ]

[ "On the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, the Duke and Duchess were brought back to Britain by Louis Mountbatten on board HMS Kelly, and Edward, although an honorary field marshal, was made a major-general attached to the British Military Mission in France.[11] In February 1940, the German ambassador in The Hague, Count Julius von Zech-Burkersroda, claimed that the Duke had leaked the Allied war plans for the defence of Belgium,[93] which the Duke later denied.[94] When Germany invaded the north of France in May 1940, the Windsors fled south, first to Biarritz, then in June to Spain. In July the pair moved to Portugal, where they lived at first in the home of Ricardo Espírito Santo, a Portuguese banker with both British and German contacts.[95] Under the code name Operation Willi, Nazi agents, principally Walter Schellenberg, plotted unsuccessfully to persuade the Duke to leave Portugal and return to Spain, kidnapping him if necessary.[96] Lord Caldecote wrote a warning to Winston Churchill: \"[the Duke] is well-known to be pro-Nazi and he may become a centre of intrigue.\"[97] Churchill threatened the Duke with a court-martial if he did not return to British soil.[98]\n" ]

[ "September 1939" ]

[ "\"A series of tubes\" is a phrase coined originally as an analogy by then-United States Senator Ted Stevens (R-Alaska) to describe the Internet in the context of opposing network neutrality.[1] On June 28, 2006, he used this metaphor to criticize a proposed amendment to a committee bill. The amendment would have prohibited Internet Access providers such as AT&T, Comcast, Time Warner Cable, and Verizon Communications from charging fees to give some companies' data a higher priority in relation to other traffic. The metaphor has been widely ridiculed, particularly because Stevens displayed an extremely limited understanding of the Internet, even though he was in charge of regulating it.[2][3] Edward Felten, Princeton University professor of computer science, pointed out the unfairness of some criticisms of Stevens' wording, while maintaining that the underlying arguments were rather weak.[4]" ]

[ "Ted Stevens" ]

[ "\n“\nMuch has been made of the lyrics reflecting the end of the overlong party that was the 1960s, as a snapshot of Swinging London burning out. That's a valid interpretation, but it should also be pointed out that there's also an uplifting and reassuring quality to the melody and performance. This is particularly true of the key lyrical hook, when we are reminded that we can't always get what we want, but we'll get what we need.[4]\n”\n" ]

[ "reflecting the end of the overlong party that was the 1960s" ]

[ "\nMost Points: 132, by the 1976–77 Montreal Canadiens\nFewest Points: 21, by the 1974–75 Washington Capitals\nMost Wins: 62, by the 1995–96 Detroit Red Wings\nFewest Wins: 8, by the 1974–75 Washington Capitals\nMost Ties: 24, by the 1969–70 Philadelphia Flyers\nFewest Ties: 2, by the 1992–93 San Jose Sharks\nMost Shootout Wins: 15, by the 2007–08 Edmonton Oilers\nMost Shootout Losses: 13, by the 2013–14 New Jersey Devils\nMost Losses: 71, by the 1992–93 San Jose Sharks\nFewest Losses: 8, by the 1976–77 Montreal Canadiens\nMost Goals For: 446, by the 1983–84 Edmonton Oilers\nFewest Goals For: 133, by the 1953–54 Chicago Blackhawks\nMost Goals Against: 446, by the 1974–75 Washington Capitals\nFewest Goals Against: 131, by the 1953–54 Toronto Maple Leafs and 1955–56 Montreal Canadiens\n" ]

[ "132, by the 1976–77 Montreal Canadiens" ]

[ "Ninth grade, freshman year, or grade 9 is the ninth post-kindergarten year of school education in some school systems. Ninth grade is often the first school year of high school in the United States, or the last year of middle/junior high school. Students are usually 14–15 years old. In the United States, it is often called Freshman year. In England and Wales, the equivalent educational year is Year Ten. In Scotland the equivalent educational year is Third Year or S3, as this is the third year of compulsory secondary schooling." ]

[ "usually 14–15 years old" ]

[ "The Roman scholar Varro (116–27 BC) relates that there are only three Muses: one born from the movement of water, another who makes sound by striking the air, and a third who is embodied only in the human voice. They were called Melete or \"Practice\", Mneme or \"Memory\" and Aoide or \"Song\". Three ancient Muses were also reported in Plutarch's (46–120 AD) Quaestiones Convivales[8] (9.I4.2–4).[9]", "The Roman scholar Varro (116–27 BC) relates that there are only three Muses: one born from the movement of water, another who makes sound by striking the air, and a third who is embodied only in the human voice. They were called Melete or \"Practice\", Mneme or \"Memory\" and Aoide or \"Song\". Three ancient Muses were also reported in Plutarch's (46–120 AD) Quaestiones Convivales[8] (9.I4.2–4).[9]", "The Roman scholar Varro (116–27 BC) relates that there are only three Muses: one born from the movement of water, another who makes sound by striking the air, and a third who is embodied only in the human voice. They were called Melete or \"Practice\", Mneme or \"Memory\" and Aoide or \"Song\". Three ancient Muses were also reported in Plutarch's (46–120 AD) Quaestiones Convivales[8] (9.I4.2–4).[9]" ]

[ "Melete or \"Practice\"", "Mneme or \"Memory\"", "Aoide or \"Song\"" ]

[ "Lombard Street is an east–west street in San Francisco, California that is famous for a steep, one-block section with eight hairpin turns. Stretching from The Presidio east to The Embarcadero (with a gap on Telegraph Hill), most of the street's western segment is a major thoroughfare designated as part of U.S. Route 101. The famous one-block section, claimed to be \"the crookedest street in the world\", is located along the eastern segment in the Russian Hill neighborhood. It is a major tourist attraction, receiving around two million visitors per year and up to 17,000 per day on busy summer weekends, as of 2015.[1]\n" ]

[ "Lombard Street" ]

[ "\n\nToronto Blue Jays\n\n\n 2018 Toronto Blue Jays season\n\n\nEstablished in 1977\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTeam logo\nCap insignia\n\n\n\n\n\nMajor league affiliations\n\n\n\n\n\nAmerican League (1977–present)\n\nEast Division (1977–present)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCurrent uniform\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRetired numbers\n\n\n\n12\n32\n42\n\n\n\n\n\nColours\n\n\n\n\n\nRoyal blue, navy blue, red, white[1][2]\n\n \n\n\n\nName\n\n\n\n\n\nToronto Blue Jays (1977–present)\n\n\n\n\n\nOther nicknames\n\n\n\n\n\nJays\n\n\n\n\n\nBallpark\n\n\n\n\n\nRogers Centre (1989–present)\n\na.k.a. SkyDome (1989–2005)\n\n\nExhibition Stadium (1977–1989)\n\n\n\n\n\nMajor league titles\n\n\nWorld Series titles (2)\n\n\n\n1992\n1993\n\n\n\n\n\nAL Pennants (2)\n\n\n\n1992\n1993\n\n\n\n\n\nEast Division titles (6)\n\n\n\n1985\n1989\n1991\n1992\n1993\n2015\n\n\n\n\n\nWild card berths (1)\n2016\n\n\nFront office\n\n\nOwner(s)\nRogers Communications[3]\n\n\nManager\nJohn Gibbons\n\n\nGeneral Manager\nRoss Atkins\n\n\nPresident of Baseball Operations\nMark Shapiro\n\n", "\n\nToronto Blue Jays\n\n\n 2018 Toronto Blue Jays season\n\n\nEstablished in 1977\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTeam logo\nCap insignia\n\n\n\n\n\nMajor league affiliations\n\n\n\n\n\nAmerican League (1977–present)\n\nEast Division (1977–present)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCurrent uniform\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRetired numbers\n\n\n\n12\n32\n42\n\n\n\n\n\nColours\n\n\n\n\n\nRoyal blue, navy blue, red, white[1][2]\n\n \n\n\n\nName\n\n\n\n\n\nToronto Blue Jays (1977–present)\n\n\n\n\n\nOther nicknames\n\n\n\n\n\nJays\n\n\n\n\n\nBallpark\n\n\n\n\n\nRogers Centre (1989–present)\n\na.k.a. SkyDome (1989–2005)\n\n\nExhibition Stadium (1977–1989)\n\n\n\n\n\nMajor league titles\n\n\nWorld Series titles (2)\n\n\n\n1992\n1993\n\n\n\n\n\nAL Pennants (2)\n\n\n\n1992\n1993\n\n\n\n\n\nEast Division titles (6)\n\n\n\n1985\n1989\n1991\n1992\n1993\n2015\n\n\n\n\n\nWild card berths (1)\n2016\n\n\nFront office\n\n\nOwner(s)\nRogers Communications[3]\n\n\nManager\nJohn Gibbons\n\n\nGeneral Manager\nRoss Atkins\n\n\nPresident of Baseball Operations\nMark Shapiro\n\n" ]

[ "1992", "1993" ]

[ "Brittany Ann Daniel (born March 17, 1976) is an American television and film actress. She is the twin sister of former actress and photographer Cynthia Daniel. She is best known for her role as Jessica Wakefield on the 1990s syndicated teen drama Sweet Valley High and her portrayal of Kelly Pitts on the CW/BET comedy-drama series The Game." ]

[ "Brittany Ann Daniel" ]

[ "The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution each contain a due process clause. Due process deals with the administration of justice and thus the due process clause acts as a safeguard from arbitrary denial of life, liberty, or property by the government outside the sanction of law.[1] The Supreme Court of the United States interprets the clauses more broadly, concluding that these clauses provide four protections: procedural due process (in civil and criminal proceedings), substantive due process, a prohibition against vague laws, and as the vehicle for the incorporation of the Bill of Rights." ]

[ "The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments" ]

[ "The Winter Olympics has been hosted on three continents by twelve different countries. The Games have been held four times in the United States (in 1932, 1960, 1980 and 2002); three times in France (in 1924, 1968 and 1992); and twice each in Austria (1964, 1976), Canada (1988, 2010), Japan (1972, 1998), Italy (1956, 2006), Norway (1952, 1994), and Switzerland (1928, 1948). Also, the Games have been held just once each in Germany (1936), Yugoslavia (1984), Russia (2014) and South Korea (2018). The IOC has selected Beijing, China, to host the 2022 Winter Olympics and the host of the 2026 Winter Olympics will be selected in September 2019. As of 2018[update], no city in the southern hemisphere has applied to host the cold-weather-dependent Winter Olympics, which are held in February at the height of the southern hemisphere summer.\n" ]

[ "2002" ]

[ "\n\nWe're the Millers\n\n\n\nTheatrical release poster\n\n\n\nDirected by\nRawson M. Thurber\n\n\nProduced by\n\n\n\nChris Bender\nVincent Newman\nTucker Tooley\nHappy Walters\n\n\n\n\n\nScreenplay by\n\n\n\nBob Fisher\nSteve Faber\nSean Anders\nJohn Morris\n\n\n\n\n\nStory by\n\n\n\nBob Fisher\nSteve Faber\n\n\n\n\n\nStarring\n\n\n\nJennifer Aniston\nJason Sudeikis\nEmma Roberts\nNick Offerman\nKathryn Hahn\nWill Poulter\nEd Helms\n\n\n\n\n\nMusic by\n\n\n\nLudwig Göransson\nTheodore Shapiro\n\n\n\n\n\nCinematography\nBarry Peterson\n\n\nEdited by\nMichael L. Sale\n\n\n\nProduction\ncompany\n\n\n\n\n\nNew Line Cinema\nNewman/Tooley Films\nSlap Happy Productions\nHeyday Films\nBenderspink\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDistributed by\nWarner Bros. Pictures\n\n\n\nRelease date\n\n\n\n\nAugust 3, 2013 (2013-08-03) (Traverse City Film Festival)\nAugust 7, 2013 (2013-08-07) (United States)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRunning time\n\n110 minutes[1]\n\n\nCountry\nUnited States\n\n\nLanguage\nEnglish\n\n\nBudget\n$37 million[2]\n\n\nBox office\n$270 million[3]\n\n" ]

[ "August 7, 2013" ]

[ "They are two of the five Wizards (or Istari) sent by the Valar to Middle-earth to aid in the struggle against Sauron. They are called the Blue Wizards on account of their sea-blue robes (each of the other Istari had robes of a different color), and their individual names are given in the Unfinished Tales as Alatar and Pallando. They were both sent to the distant east of Middle-earth, and therefore played no role in the events of the west of Middle-earth, as described in The Lord of the Rings. Consequently, little is known about them.\n", "They are two of the five Wizards (or Istari) sent by the Valar to Middle-earth to aid in the struggle against Sauron. They are called the Blue Wizards on account of their sea-blue robes (each of the other Istari had robes of a different color), and their individual names are given in the Unfinished Tales as Alatar and Pallando. They were both sent to the distant east of Middle-earth, and therefore played no role in the events of the west of Middle-earth, as described in The Lord of the Rings. Consequently, little is known about them.\n" ]

[ "Alatar", "Pallando" ]

[ "Constance Shulman (born April 4, 1958) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for voicing Patti Mayonnaise on Doug and for her current role as Yoga Jones in Orange Is the New Black. Shulman originated the role of Annelle in the first production of Steel Magnolias Off-Broadway.[1]" ]

[ "Constance Shulman" ]

[ "The John Deere Classic is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour. It is played annually in July, the week before the British Open, at TPC Deere Run in the Quad Cities community of Silvis, Illinois.\n" ]

[ "Silvis, Illinois" ]

[ "Metrication in Canada began in 1970 and while Canada has converted to the metric system for many purposes, there is still significant use of non-metric units and standards in many sectors of the Canadian economy. This is mainly due to historical ties with the United Kingdom (before metrication), the traditional use of the imperial system of measurement in Canada, proximity to the United States, and to public opposition to metrication during the transition period.[1][2]" ]

[ "1970" ]

[ "US Airways Flight 1549 was an Airbus A320-214 which, in the climbout after takeoff from New York City's LaGuardia Airport on January 15, 2009, struck a flock of Canada geese just northeast of the George Washington Bridge and consequently lost all engine power. Unable to reach any airport, pilots Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to a ditching in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan. All 155 people aboard were rescued by nearby boats and there were few serious injuries." ]

[ "2009" ]