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a method of manufacturing a solid state sensor wherein a reactive compound of an alkali metal is tightly packed between a central electrode and a surrounding ion shield . a heating coil is wound about the outside of the shield . the ion shield is formed of a material that is deplete in ions of alkali metal and serves as a ion depletion boundry in the system . | 7 |
according to an aspect of the invention , a device structure is provided where charging and discharging occur in a trapping region formed by a stack of films that is placed on the back of a thin silicon channel . uncoupling the charging mechanisms that lead to the memory function from the front gate transistor operation allows efficient scaling of the front gate . but significantly more important is a unique character of these devices : these structures can be operated both as a transistor and as a memory . the thin active silicon channel and the thin front oxide provide the capability of scaling the structure to tens of nanometers , and the dual function of the device is obtained by using two voltage ranges that are clearly distinct . at small voltages the structure operates as a normal transistor , and at higher voltages the structure operates as a memory device . | 7 |
In 2019 a claim was made that the CNEOS 2014-01-08 meteor is interstellar. However, apparent interstellar meteors have been detected for decades. Moreover, they are expected from any meteor observation survey, as a natural consequence of measurement error propagation. Here we examine if enough scientific data were published to identify the orbital and physical nature of CNEOS 2014-01-08. Given the lack of proof regarding the accuracy of the observation, the derivation of the trajectory, velocity and tensile strength, and given the current state of meteor observations and reduction tools, we find no scientific ground to conclude about the interstellar orbit nor the physical properties of CNEOS 2014-01-08. Moreover, given the current data release of this object, to find any piece at the bottom of the ocean seems extremely unlikely. | 9 |
a method of producing a relatively - thick film of a magnetic material on a substrate for use in microwave and millimeter wave devices is disclosed . the method includes preparing a wet paste comprising a binder material , glass frit , and a finely - grained magnetic material ; applying the wet paste over a stencil , template or mask disposed on the substrate , to form a film on a surface of the substrate ; drying the wet paste within an applied magnetic field , to vaporize fluid and organic compounds in the binder material and to produce a desired magnetic orientation in the magnetic film ; and sintering the magnetic film . hot pressing the magnetic film during sintering by adding weight on the film improves density . | 2 |
a manufacturing method of oriented silicon steel with magnetic induction b8 of not less than 1 . 88 t , comprising the following steps : 1 ) smelting and continuous casting to obtain a slab , wherein the content of n is controlled at 0 . 002 - 0 . 014 wt % in the smelting stage ; 2 ) hot - rolling ; 3 ) cold - rolling ; 4 ) decarbonizing and annealing ; 5 ) nitriding treatment , wherein infiltrated nitrogen content d is controlled to satisfy the formula : 328 − 0 . 14a − 0 . 85b − 2 . 33c ≦ d ≦ 362 − 0 . 16a − 0 . 94b − 2 . 57c , wherein a is the content of als in the smelting step , with the unit of ppm ; b is the content of n element , with the unit of ppm ; and c is primary grains size , with the unit of μm ; 6 ) coating a steel &# 39 ; s surfaces with a magnesium oxide layer and annealing ; and 7 ) applying an insulating coating . | 2 |
Context. Type II Cepheids (T2Cs) are the less frequently used counterparts of classical or type I Cepheids (CCs) which provide the primary calibration of the distance ladder for measuring the Hubble constant in the local Universe. In the era of the "Hubble tension", T2C variables together with the RR Lyrae stars and the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) can potentially provide non-CC-dependent calibration of the cosmic distance ladder. <BR /> Aims: Our goal is to provide an absolute calibration of the period-luminosity, period-luminosity-colour, and period-Wesenheit relations (PL, PLC, and PW, respectively) of T2Cs in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), which traditionally serves as a crucial first anchor of the extragalactic distance ladder. <BR /> Methods: We exploited time-series photometry in the near-infrared (NIR) Y, J, and K<SUB>s</SUB> bands for a sample of approximately 320 T2Cs in the Magellanic Clouds (MCs). These observations were acquired during 2009-2018 in the context of the VISTA survey of the Magellanic Clouds system (VMC), an ESO public survey. We supplemented the NIR photometry from the VMC survey with well-sampled optical light curves and accurate pulsation periods from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) IV survey and the Gaia mission. We used the best-quality NIR light curves to generate custom templates for modelling sparsely sampled light curves in YJK<SUB>s</SUB> bands. <BR /> Results: The best-fitting YJK<SUB>s</SUB> template light curves were used to derive accurate and precise intensity-averaged mean magnitudes and pulsation amplitudes of 277 and 62 T2Cs in the LMC and SMC, respectively. We used optical and NIR mean magnitudes for different T2C subclasses (BLHer, WVir, and RVTau) to derive PL/PLC/PW relations in multiple bands, which were calibrated with the geometric distance to the LMC as derived from eclipsing binaries and with the Gaia parallaxes. We used our new empirical calibrations of PL and PW relations to obtain distances to 22 T2C-host Galactic globular clusters, which were found to be systematically smaller by ∼0.1 mag and 0.03−0.06 mag than in the literature when the zero points are calibrated with the distance of the LMC or Gaia parallaxes, respectively. Better agreement is found between our distances and those based on RR Lyrae stars in globular clusters, providing strong support for using these population II stars together with the TRGB for future distance scale studies. <P />Full Tables 1, 3, 5 and A.1-A.3 are available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr">cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/685/A41">https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/685/A41</A> <P />Based on observations made with VISTA at the Paranal Observatory under program ID 179.B-2003. | 9 |
in order to provide easily accessible knowledge of the correlations between time , the geographical locale and the solar positions , the watch in question in addition to time - keeping means capable of displaying the current time also provides means capable of storing , processing in a microprocessor mode and displaying in a particular panel mode data of solar elevation and azimuth as well as date data , a computer performing correlating operations between these various values . pushbuttons allow using this watch in various operational and correction situations , and other pushbuttons allow more specific commands for correction , for search operations regarding date and place based on the solar data , for storage and call from memory of the various processed data . this watch can easily be implemented as a small wrist watch . it will be advantageously used by those interested in knowing the solar positions , by solar facility engineers , architects , airline pilots , believers in the moslem faith etc . | 6 |
a putter head includes a first half member , a second half member , and an insert . the first half body includes a first metal , and has a face surface on a front face . the second half body includes a second metal , which is higher in specific gravity than the first metal , and is attached to the forward half body . the insert is disposed inside the first half body to be along the face surface and includes one selected from a group consisting of a synthetic resin and a rubber . | 0 |
an embodiment relates generally to a method of using a token . the method includes embedding the token with at least one action and detecting a presence of the token . the method also includes authenticating the token ; and executing an applet in response to a valid authentication of the token . | 7 |
No description provided. | 9 |
a brake device for braking a shaft including a number of rotors rotatable with the shaft and at least one stator interposed among the rotors . the frictional force generated between the rotors and the stator is fed back to a rotatable pressure plate to assist in braking the shaft . in a first embodiment , a projection of the pressure plate engages one of a number of toothed portions that are provided on one of the stator elements to transmit force from the stator elements back to the pressure plate . in a second embodiment , a linkage element for turning the pressure plate also engages one of the toothed portions on the stators , thus transmitting force from the stator back to the pressure plate to assist in braking . | 5 |
We combine Dark Energy Survey Year 1 clustering and weak lensing data with baryon acoustic oscillations and Big Bang nucleosynthesis experiments to constrain the Hubble constant. Assuming a flat ΛCDM model with minimal neutrino mass (∑m<SUB>ν</SUB> = 0.06 eV), we find H_0=67.4^{+1.1}_{-1.2} {km s^{-1} Mpc^{-1}} (68 per cent CL). This result is completely independent of Hubble constant measurements based on the distance ladder, cosmic microwave background anisotropies (both temperature and polarization), and strong lensing constraints. There are now five data sets that: (a) have no shared observational systematics; and (b) each constrains the Hubble constant with fractional uncertainty at the few-per cent level. We compare these five independent estimates, and find that, as a set, the differences between them are significant at the 2.5σ level (χ<SUP>2</SUP>/dof = 24/11, probability to exceed = 1.1 per cent). Having set the threshold for consistency at 3σ, we combine all five data sets to arrive at H_0=69.3^{+0.4}_{-0.6} {km s^{-1} Mpc^{-1}}. | 9 |
a processing apparatus includes a memory , and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to acquire first data that indicates correspondence relationship between a first address given to a first adapter of a first device and a first bus number given to a first bus coupled to the first adapter , acquire second data that indicates correspondence relationship between a second address given to a second adapter of a first device and a second bus number given to a second bus coupled to the second adapter , acquire third data that indicates correspondence relationship between the first address and a port number given to a port of a second device , the port being coupled to the first adapter with the first bus , and when the second bus number is identical to the first bus number , generate fourth data that indicates that the second adapter is coupled to the port . | 7 |
a technique for automating complex equipment maintenance decisions is disclosed . it has been determined that a core job of maintaining complex equipment entails 14 different steps with 102 outcomes , or metrics , that job executors use to judge if they can effectively maintain complex equipment . the techniques described in this paper enable a system and method to satisfy the outcomes for the job of maintaining complex equipment . | 6 |
a method for testing a memory device . the method writes test data to an array of cells of the memory device during a test mode . the method calls for driving a cell plate of the memory device during at least a portion of the test with a current level that is less than the current used during normal operation . this amplifies the affect of defective cells on the cell plate voltage thereby allowing identification of unacceptably weak cells with shorter , less strenuous tests . | 6 |
The size of a disk encodes important information about its evolution. Combining new Submillimeter Array observations with archival Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array data, we analyze millimeter continuum and CO emission line sizes for a sample of 44 protoplanetary disks around stars with masses of 0.15-2 M <SUB>⊙</SUB> in several nearby star-forming regions. Sizes measured from <SUP>12</SUP>CO line emission span from 50 to 1000 au. This range could be explained by viscous evolution models with different α values (mostly of 10<SUP>-4</SUP>-10<SUP>-3</SUP>) and/or a spread of initial conditions. The CO sizes for most disks are also consistent with MHD wind models that directly remove disk angular momentum, but very large initial disk sizes would be required to account for the very extended CO disks in the sample. As no CO size evolution is observed across stellar ages of 0.5-20 Myr in this sample, determining the dominant mechanism of disk evolution will require a more complete sample for both younger and more evolved systems. We find that the CO emission is universally more extended than the continuum emission by an average factor of 2.9 ± 1.2. The ratio of the CO to continuum sizes does not show any trend with stellar mass, millimeter continuum luminosity, or the properties of substructures. The GO Tau disk has the most extended CO emission in this sample, with an extreme CO-to-continuum size ratio of 7.6. Seven additional disks in the sample show high size ratios (≳4) that we interpret as clear signs of substantial radial drift. | 9 |
organopolysiloxane compounds having both alkoxysilylalkyl radicals and polyoxyalkylene radicals are prepared so that the compounds have a substantially linear structure and at least one of the terminating radicals of the polysiloxane is either an alkoxysilylalkyl radical or a polyoxyalkylene radical . the compounds are particularly useful as a treating agent for conferring hydrophilic properties to a solid substrate . | 2 |
an improved electronic cymbal is disclosed . the electronic cymbal includes a frame having an edge , an upper surface and bottom surface . a cover is received over the upper surface of the frame . a sensor is captured in a pocket in the cover . the cover may include one or more layers . | 6 |
this fiber chopper overcomes the disadvantages of the previous cutting rollers for chopping continuous filaments . the apparatus includes a means for feeding continuous fibers through apertures in a fixed head . end mills engage the continuous fiber and chops them into discrete fiber lengths . | 1 |
a device for coating materials is provided . the device includes two opposing discs connected by a central hub . each disc includes an inwardly extending flange about its perimeter . the central hub has an exterior surface defining a v - shaped surface . when assembled in a coating apparatus , a fluid material , such as batter , may be dispensed toward the exterior surface of the hub while the disc is spinning . the resulting spray of fluid may be used to coat material effectively , while minimizing waste . | 0 |
a support for solid phase amplification or sequencing of nucleic acids has a functionalized solid support , a linker arm having functional groups covalently bound to the solid support through at least one binding site of the functional groups , and an oligonucleotide primer bound at its 5 ′ end to the linker , the primer , thereby , being immobilized on the solid support . | 2 |
an improved scanning grating useful as an image scanner and spatial frequency filter , for a focusing detector to ascertain the focus of an optical system on deflecting the light incident from the optical system into two different directions for forming two images of the exit pupil or of parts thereof of said optical system . a slit grating is superimposed over the groove grating so that the ledges cover the peaks and the troughs thereof . it is thereby attained that the signals obtained from the peak and trough areas , which normally are more or less undefined , are exempt from evaluation . the ledges have a width ranging from 10 to 100 percent of that of the slit width . | 6 |
a suturing instrument for placing mattress stitches in soft tissue , such as a rotator cuff , includes an elongate shaft with both a stationary jaw and a movable jaw disposed at the distal end thereof . the shaft is coupled to a handle grip at the proximal end , which is configured to manipulate the jaws into open and closed positions . the jaws are configured to allow for a traumatic grasping of soft tissues . the stationary jaw may include a molded tip that holds and positions opposite ends of a single strand of suture material . the serrated upper jaw is configured to grasp and immobilize the tissue to be sutured . hooked needles are movably positioned to pierce the grasped and immobilized tissues , and to engage and retrieve the opposite ends of the single strand of suture material . the handle is released to open the moveable jaw , whereupon the instrument may be withdrawn , trailing the suture , and leaving a mattress stitch in the grasped tissue . | 0 |
the invention concerns a light deflection device , and a control method for the light deflection device , which are rich in expandability of drive control . the light deflection device includes a polygon mirror to reflect the light beam ; a rotor , having a magnet , to rotate the polygon mirror attached to the rotor ; a stator on which a plurality of drive coils are fixed so as to generate a rotational force ; and a plurality of connecting ports through which the plurality of drive coils are electronically coupled to a plurality of drive circuits , each of which drives the drive coils while controlling the rotational force to be generated between the magnet and the drive coils . one of the drive circuits controls the rotational force during a start - up operation and a steady - rotating operation of the rotor , while another one controls the rotational force during a decelerating operation of the rotor . | 6 |
a rain detection apparatus includes a camera that views a surface and a processor that captures an image from the camera . the processor generates a signal indicative of rain on the surface from information contained in the captured image and optionally drives a surface cleaning apparatus in response thereto . the apparatus captures images focused at a plurality of distances . the processor includes an edge detector that detects edges visible in the captured image and a difference structure that calculates the difference between the number of edges visible between differing images . the edge detector disregards edges close to areas of light larger than the largest raindrop that is desired or expected to be detected . the apparatus optionally includes a backlight , and the difference in numbers of edges between frames with and without the backlight illuminated are used to distinguish between background features and rain on the surface . | 6 |
Generating images from very long baseline interferometric observations poses a difficult, and generally not unique, inversion problem. This problem is simplified by the introduction of constraints, some generic (e.g., positivity of the intensity) and others motivated by physical considerations (e.g., smoothness, instrument resolution). It is further complicated by the need to simultaneously address instrumental systematic uncertainties and sparse coverage in the u-v plane. We report a new Bayesian image reconstruction technique in the parameter estimation framework THEMIS that has been developed for the Event Horizon Telescope. This has two key features: first, the full Bayesian treatment of the image reconstruction makes it possible to generate a full posterior for the images, permitting a rigorous and quantitative investigation into the statistical significance of image features. Second, it is possible to seamlessly incorporate directly modeled features simultaneously with image reconstruction. We demonstrate this second capability by incorporating a narrow, slashed ring in reconstructions of simulated M87 data in an attempt to detect and characterize the photon ring. We show that it is possible to obtain high-fidelity photon ring sizes, enabling mass measurements with accuracies of 2%-5% that are essentially insensitive to astrophysical uncertainties, and creating opportunities for precision tests of general relativity. | 9 |
this algorithm and apparatus provides the ability to deskew a plurality of lanes comprising a data bus in a high - speed data communications system . this deskewing is necessary due to inherent system skew . by iterating through the possible intervals within the maximum expected skew search space , the correct combination of search space intervals for all lanes can be determined to provide alignment and thus compliancy with relevant standards , such as the sxi - 5 standard , in terms of data skew specifications . | 7 |
The provided code allows the generation and application of machine learning surrogate models based on a data set of template model in- and outputs. Example training and test data originates from the kinetic multilayer model of aerosol surface and bulk chemistry (KM-SUB, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3673-2010). Artificial neural networks are implemented with the python library Keras, polynomial chaos expansion with the Matlab software UQLab. Further information can be found in the provided files. An overview is also given in file contents.txt. This code is the product of a collaboration between: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland Authors: Thomas Berkemeier, Matteo Krüger, Aryeh Feinberg, Marcel Müller, Ulrich Pöschl and Ulrich K. Krieger Code contributions: Neural network code by Matteo Krüger Polynomial chaos expansion code by Aryeh Feinberg and Marcel Müller File contents: Artificial neural networks (Python): exec_surr_modeling.py - python executable for hyperparameter tuning and model training fit_acquisition_test.py - pre-sampling with NN for NN-suggested fit acquisition Matlab_Sampling.py - execution of matlab model scripts with matlab engine MCMC.py - functions for pre-sampling with NN (Metropolis Hastings python implementation and random loguniform batch sampling), error calculation mogon_hpt_iterator.py - hyperparameter tuning, saving of model results and best model pickles mogon_model.py - NN model with variable architecture, data pre-processing PredictFits.py - supporting functions for application of pickled NN models (predictions) ReadData.py - supporting function for specific data structure and data file handling Polynomial chaos expansion (Matlab): PCEcreator_200810.m - PCE model creation AnalysePCE_210203.m - PCE model evaluation sensitivity_analysis_exp_conditions.m - subsampling sensitivity analysis/common random number analysis sensitivity_analysis_PCE.m - model sensitivity analysis Example training data (KM-SUB): P0sortTest.csv - Test data (n=1000) P0sortTrain.csv - Training data (n>4.2 Mio) | 9 |
hydrocarbon solvent solutions of hexavalent chromium compounds are storage - stabilized by incorporating therein precipitation stabilizing amounts of a soluble partial ester of a phosphoric acid ; such are useful catalyst stock solutions . | 2 |
a novel gene defining a novel human udp - glcnac : galβ1 - 3galnaca β1 , 6glcnac - transferase , termed c2gnt3 , with unique enzymatic properties is disclosed . the enzymatic activity of c2gnt3 is shown to be distinct from that of previously identified enzymes of this gene family . the invention discloses isolated dna molecules and dna constructs encoding c2gnt3 and derivatives thereof by way of amino acid deletion , substitution or insertion exhibiting c2gnt3 activity , as well as cloning and expression vectors including such dna , cells transfected with the vectors , and recombinant methods for providing c2gnt3 . the enzyme c2gnt3 and c2gnt3 - active derivatives thereof are disclosed , in particular soluble derivatives comprising the catalytically active domain of c2gnt3 . further , the invention discloses methods of obtaining 1 , 6 - n - acetylglucosaminyl glycosylated saccharides , glycopeptides or glycoproteins by use of an enzymically active c2gnt3 protein or fusion protein thereof or by using cells stably transfected with a vector including dna encoding an enzymatically active c2gnt3 protein as an expression system for recombinant production of such glycopeptides or glycoproteins . methods are disclosed for the identification of agents with the ability to inhibit or stimulate the biological activity of c2gnt3 . furthermore , methods of using c2gnt3 in the structure - based design of inhibitors or stimulators thereof are also disclosed in the invention . also a method for the identification of dna sequence variations in the c2gnt3 gene by isolating dna from a patient , amplifying c2gnt3 - coding exons by pcr , and detecting the presence of dna sequence variation , are disclosed . | 0 |
an apparatus for determining a jackknife condition of a vehicle and trailer is disclosed . the apparatus comprises a processor operable to set an operating range of a hitch angle to a minimum range . the processor monitors the hitch angle while the vehicle is operated in a forward direction and increases the operating range based on the hitch angle observed during the monitoring . the processor is further operable to utilize the increased operating range to prevent a jackknife condition during a guided reverse operation of the vehicle . | 1 |
provided are methods of treating an open cell polyimide foam product to produce a treated polyimide foam product having a property of repelling water or oil . the method includes the steps of : selecting a polyimide foam product having an external surface area and an open cell structure that has an interior surface area , wetting the exterior surface area and the interior surface area with a chemical treatment fluid comprising a treatment chemical that has a property of repelling water or oil , and distributing the treatment chemical onto at least a portion of the interior surface area sufficient to modify a surface property of the interior surface . also provided are treated polyimide foam products that have an open cell polyimide foam substrate with an interior surface area and a treatment chemical on at least a portion of the interior surface area . the treatment chemical renders the interior surface hydrophobic or oleophobic . | 2 |
a method , system and apparatus for dynamically alerting calling parties of menu structure changes in a telephone prompting system . in a telephone prompting system , a menu structure change alert method can include determining whether a menu structure change has occurred for the telephone prompting system in response to the receipt of an incoming call from a calling party . subsequently , the calling party can be selectively alerted of the menu structure change . in this regard , an alert message can be played to the calling party . | 7 |
button - type battery electrode connection members , button - type battery constructions , and methods of establishing electrical connections with and between button - type batteries are described . in one implementation , an electrode connection member comprises an inner conductive surface , and outer peripheral conductive surface , and an intermediate conductive surface joined with and extending between the inner and outer surfaces . the connection member defines an internal volume which is sized to receive at least one thin - profile battery . in one aspect , the intermediate conductive surface tapers between the inner and outer surfaces . the taper enables more than one button - type battery to be mounted within the internal volume without the need for edge insulation material over one of the batteries to prevent grounding . the electrode connection member can be mounted on a substrate for providing a generally self - contained , space - conserving power source which can include more than one battery connected in a series electrical connection . | 7 |
a vehicle door includes a door structure having an interior space and a ramp disposed within the interior space . the vehicle door further includes a latch and a handle that is pivotably connected to the door structure . the handle includes a pair of inwardly and forwardly extending hooks . the vehicle door also includes a cable or other linkage connected to the latch . the cable has a fitting that is pushed along the ramp by the hooks upon pivoting of the handle to thereby shift the cable and unlatch the latch . | 4 |
Intermediate-mass black holes should help us to understand the evolutionary connection between stellar-mass and super-massive black holes. However, the existence of intermediate-mass black holes is still uncertain, and their formation process is therefore unknown. It has long been suspected that black holes with masses 100 to 10,000 times that of the Sun should form and reside in dense stellar systems. Therefore, dedicated observational campaigns have targeted globular clusters for many decades, searching for signatures of these elusive objects. All candidate signatures appear radio-dim and do not have the X-ray to radio flux ratios required for accreting black holes. Based on the lack of an electromagnetic counterpart, upper limits of 2,060 and 470 solar masses have been placed on the mass of a putative black hole in 47 Tucanae (NGC 104) from radio and X-ray observations, respectively. Here we show there is evidence for a central black hole in 47 Tucanae with a mass of 2,300<SUB>-850</SUB><SUP>+1,500</SUP> solar masses when the dynamical state of the globular cluster is probed with pulsars. The existence of an intermediate-mass black hole in the centre of one of the densest clusters with no detectable electromagnetic counterpart suggests that the black hole is not accreting at a sufficient rate to make it electromagnetically bright and therefore, contrary to expectations, is gas-starved. This intermediate-mass black hole might be a member of an electromagnetically invisible population of black holes that grow into supermassive black holes in galaxies. | 9 |
a device lattice arrangement including a plurality of devices , a plurality of physical connections for the plurality of devices , wherein each of the plurality of devices are coupled to at least two of the plurality of physical connections , a plurality of identity labels associated with individual devices of the plurality of devices and an arrangement of identity labels such that pairs of devices of the plurality of devices connected by some number of the plurality of connections have different identity labels . | 1 |
a diffuser assembly with a buoyancy vessel and a chamber for buoyantly raising the diffuser assembly for maintenance work . the diffuser assembly has a support structure , diffusers connected to the frame , and a buoyancy vessel positioned on the frame , capable of alternating between a state of buoyancy or ballast . | 8 |
a method and system is disclosed for providing an automatic gain control in signal processing . after receiving a stream of analog signals , a gain is adjusted on the received analog signals using a first set of gain compensation parameters . then , the adjusted analog signals are converted to digital signals . a predetermined number of digital signals are collected from the converted digital signals within a predetermined time period . the collected digital signals are delayed from being transferred out for further demodulation processing for a predetermined delay time . at the same time , a second set of gain compensation parameters are estimated based on the collected digital signals . the estimated second set of gain compensation parameters are applied to the delayed digital signals . | 7 |
Neutron stars cool down during their lifetime through the combination of neutrino emission from the interior and photon cooling from the surface. Strongly magnetized neutron stars, called magnetars, are no exception, but the effect of their strong fields adds further complexities to the cooling theory. Besides other factors, modelling the outermost hundred meters (the envelope) plays a crucial role in predicting their surface temperatures. In this letter, we revisit the influence of envelopes on the cooling properties of neutron stars, with special focus on the critical effects of the magnetic field. We explore how our understanding of the relation between the internal and surface temperatures has evolved over the past two decades, and how different assumptions about the neutron star envelope and field topology lead to radically different conclusions on the surface temperature and its cooling with age. In particular, we find that relatively old magnetars with core-threading magnetic fields are actually much cooler than a rotation-powered pulsar of the same age. This is at variance with what is typically observed in crustal-confined models. Our results have important implications for the estimates of the X-ray luminosities of aged magnetars, and the subsequent population study of the different neutron star classes. | 9 |
a forward error correction method for decoding coded bits transmitted over a radio channel after being generated by encoding binary bits with low density parity check matrixes . the method comprises converting each of the coded bits into a log likelihood ratio value indicating a ratio of probability of zero to probability of one , and applying the converted values to variable nodes ; delivering messages applied to the variable nodes to check nodes connected to the variable nodes ; checking a message having a minimum value among the messages delivered from the variable nodes , and determining a sign of the message having the minimum value ; receiving messages updated in the check nodes , adding up signs of the received messages and a sign of an initial message , applying a weighting factor of 1 when all signs are identical , and when all signs are not identical , updating a message of a variable node by applying a weighting factor having a predetermined value to the sum of messages received from all other check nodes and adding a initial value to the weighted sum ; determining llr of an initial input value ; and hard - deciding values of the variable nodes , performing parity check on the hard decision values , and stopping the decoding when no error occurs as a result of the parity check . | 7 |
a process for producing a coumarin derivative represented by formula : ## str1 ## wherein r 1 to r 4 are as defined in the specification , comprising the step of : subjecting to a ring formation and dehydrogenation reaction a 3 -- propionic acid ester derivative represented by formula : ## str2 ## wherein r 1 to r 4 are as defined in the specification , the ring formation and dehydrogenation reaction being conducted by use of a catalyst comprising a carrier having supported thereon palladium and either of chromium oxide and chromium hydroxide , or conducted by use of a catalyst comprising a carrier having supported thereon palladium or a catalyst comprising a carrier having supported thereon palladium and either of chromium oxide and chromium hydroxide , in the presence of a promoter which is at least one member selected from the group consisting of magnesium trisilicate , zirconia , metallic chromium , and metallic tungsten . | 2 |
a method and apparatus for conducting earth borehole operations include a reel of continuous coiled casing , and an injector for moving the coiled casing . the bottomhole assembly including at least a motor and a bit is connected to the free end of the coiled casing , and injected into the earth while circulating fluid through the coiled casing to form a drilled earth borehole having a borehole wall . the coiled casing drill string may be retrieved from the borehole , the bottomhole assembly removed , and the coiled casing again injected into the borehole , then suspended from a wellhead assembly . after severing the coiled casing , a bonding agent such as a cementitious material may be injected into the suspended coiled casing and into the annulus between the coiled casing and the borehole . | 4 |
the present invention is directed to a cover glass comprising a glass substrate having at least one printed image thereon wherein the printed image includes a plurality of clear viewing fields of a predetermined dimension . | 6 |
an improved word line boost circuit suitable for use on integrated circuits such as flash memory devices includes a two step boosting circuit with a floating circuit node . a first circuit provides an initial boost of the output voltage from a precharged voltage . part of the first circuit is floated , lessening a load on a second circuit . then , the second circuit provides a second boost of the output voltage with increased power efficiency . a time delay separates the onset of the second boosting operation from the onset of the first boosting operation so as to define a two - step boost . | 6 |
a new method for the identification of useful promoters is disclosed . the method is capable of identifying bacterial promoters sensitive to a particular cellular insult and may be modified to identify promoters sensitive to herbicides and crop protection chemicals . constructs comprising promoters upstream of a luminescent reporter genes are placed in transformed hosts . transformants grown in liquid media to a predetermined growth stage and contacted with a cellular insult are assessed for regulatory region activity by measurement of the resulting change in bioluminesence . the method is able to identify promoters undetectable by standard methods . | 2 |
a method for preventing the accumulation of an alkali sulfate produced as a by - product in the system for removing sulfur dioxide from exhaust gases containing sulfur dioxide is disclosed , the system comprising bringing the exhaust gas into contact with an aqueous solution containing an alkali sulfite to absorb sulfur dioxide into the solution and to convert the absorbed sulfur dioxide to an acidic alkali sulfite , adding calcium carbonate for the double decomposition of acidic alkali sulfite into the thus obtained aqueous solution containing the acidic sulfite and after removing the precipitated calcium sulfite and accompanying calcium sulfate by filtration , circulating the filtrate as aqueous solution for absorption of sulfur dioxide in the above - mentioned exhaust gas , the method being characterized in that the double decomposition is carried out in two stages by adding calcium carbonate of different particle size , respectively and the filtration is carried out , preferably , in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide to prevent the oxidation of sulfite by oxygen in air . | 1 |
this invention relates to a wiring device used for combining a plurality of lead wires for wiring in electronic devices , etc ., and more particularly it relates to a wiring device which is capable of making automatic indications of the starting end , terminal end and intermediate route for every wire to be set as well as automatic checking for errors after completion of wiring . | 6 |
a method , apparatus and computer program product are disclosed for non - invasively determining blood pressure of a subject . to improve the specificity of automatic blood pressure determinations in a patient monitor provided with a non - invasive blood pressure determination unit , a physiological index indicative of sympathetic activity is derived from a subject , variations in the physiological index are monitored , and the blood pressure determination unit is instructed to initiate blood pressure determination when the variations fulfill a predetermined condition . | 0 |
We use a background quasar to detect the presence of circumgalactic gas around a z=0.91 low-mass star-forming galaxy. Data from the new Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) on the Very Large Telescope show that the galaxy has a dust-corrected star formation rate (SFR) of 4.7 ± 2.0 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>-1</SUP>, with no companion down to 0.22 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>-1</SUP> (5σ) within 240 {h}<SUP>-1</SUP> kpc (“30”). Using a high-resolution spectrum of the background quasar, which is fortuitously aligned with the galaxy major axis (with an azimuth angle α of only 15°), we find, in the gas kinematics traced by low-ionization lines, distinct signatures consistent with those expected for a “cold-flow disk” extending at least 12 kpc (3× {R}<SUB>1/2</SUB>). We estimate the mass accretion rate {\dot{M}}<SUB>{{in</SUB>}} to be at least two to three times larger than the SFR, using the geometric constraints from the IFU data and the H I column density of log {N}<SUB>{{H</SUB>}{{I}}}/{{cm}}<SUP>-2</SUP> ≃ 20.4 obtained from a Hubble Space Telescope/COS near-UV spectrum. From a detailed analysis of the low-ionization lines (e.g., Zn II, Cr II, Ti II, Mn II, Si II), the accreting material appears to be enriched to about 0.4 {Z}<SUB>⊙ </SUB> (albeit with large uncertainties: {log} Z/{Z}<SUB>⊙ </SUB>=-0.4\quad +/- \quad 0.4), which is comparable to the galaxy metallicity (12 + log O/H = 8.7 ± 0.2), implying a large recycling fraction from past outflows. Blueshifted Mg II and Fe II absorptions in the galaxy spectrum from the MUSE data reveal the presence of an outflow. The Mg II and Fe II absorption line ratios indicate emission infilling due to scattering processes, but the MUSE data do not show any signs of fluorescent Fe II* emission. <P />Based on observations made at the ESO telescopes under program 080.A-0364 (SINFONI), 079.A-0600 (UVES), and as part of MUSE commissioning (ESO program 060.A-9100). Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with program ID 12522. | 9 |
the present invention provides a rigid modular holding with axial and radial compensation for multiple and universal application of all machining processes , engineering , machine building , and construction fields where ever applicable for rotary and static systems . design of modular holding includes male and female portions of joining parts machined to the required shape and clearances to accommodate modular locking rigidly with face butting . radial and axial run out adjustments is controlled by the grub screws and run out compensation can be achieved within micron . an area used for clamping and designed within the area of joining parts results reduction in material and processing cost . since , the material is not protruding out from the surface of the joining parts , esthetically looks good and convenient for designing multiple applications as it is not possible at present . | 5 |
an apparatus and method for use in performing ablation or coagulation of organs and other tissue includes a metallized fabric electrode array which is substantially absorbent and / or permeable to moisture and gases such as steam and conformable to the body cavity . the array includes conductive regions separated by insulated regions arranged to produce ablation to a predetermined depth . following placement of the ablation device into contact with the tissue to be ablated , an rf generator is used to deliver rf energy to the conductive regions and to thereby induce current flow from the electrodes to tissue to be ablated . as the current heats the tissue , moisture leaves the tissue causing the tissue to dehydrate . suction may be applied to facilitate moisture removal . the moisture permeability and / or absorbency of the electrode carrying member allows the moisture to leave the ablation site so as to prevent the moisture from providing a path of conductivity for the current . | 0 |
there is disclosed a method for molding an optical element , by preparing an upper mold member and a lower mold member for press molding a glass material , heating the mold members together or individually to a predetermined temperature , deforming the glass material according to molding faces of the mold members by a pressing force applied to the mold members , then transferring the mold members and the molded glass to a cooling step and subsequently taking out the molded glass by opening the mold members , thereby transferring the optically functional faces corresponding to the molding faces of the mold members , to the glass material . the cooling step includes a step of opening the mold members to separate the glass material from the molding faces of the mold members to release the adhesion state upon press molding between the molding faces and the glass material , and a step of closing the mold members again so as to maintain the molded state of the glass material and cooling the molded glass in this state further to a taking - out temperature thereof . | 2 |
RR Lyrae stars are standard candles with characteristic photometric variability and serve as powerful tracers of Galactic structure, substructure, accretion history, and dark matter content. Here we report the discovery of distant RR Lyrae stars, including some of the most distant stars known in the Milky Way halo, with Galactocentric distances of ∼300 kpc. We use time-series <inline-formula> <tex-math> ${u}^{* }g^{\prime} i^{\prime} z^{\prime} $ </tex-math> </inline-formula> Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope/MegaCam photometry from the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS). We use a template light-curve fitting method based on empirical Sloan Digital Sky Survey Stripe 82 RR Lyrae data to identify RR Lyrae candidates in the NGVS data set. We eliminate several hundred suspected quasars and identify 180 RR Lyrae candidates with heliocentric distances of ∼20–300 kpc. The halo stellar density distribution is consistent with an r <SUP>‑4.09±0.10</SUP> power-law radial profile over most of this distance range with no signs of a break. The distribution of ab-type RR Lyrae in a period–amplitude plot (Bailey diagram) suggests that the mean metallicity of the halo decreases outward. Compared to other recent RR Lyrae surveys, like Pan-STARRS1, the High Cadence Transient Survey, and the Dark Energy Survey, our NGVS study has better single-epoch photometric precision and a comparable number of epochs but smaller sky coverage. At large distances, our RR Lyrae sample appears to be relatively pure and complete, with well-measured periods and amplitudes. These newly discovered distant RR Lyrae stars are important additions to the few secure stellar tracers beyond 150 kpc in the Milky Way halo. | 9 |
irregularities in crankshaft velocity introduced when measuring crankshaft rotation at a section of a crankshaft in an internal combustion engine that is less damped to torsional oscillations than is another more accessible crankshaft section are corrected using a narmax - generated model to predict rotation measurements that would have been obtained at the inaccessible section based on data actually collected at the accessible crankshaft section . thus , the effects of torsional oscillations in the crankshaft are substantially filtered away , resulting in crankshaft acceleration values that form the basis of a misfire detector having nearly maximum signal - to - noise performance . | 6 |
multi - fiber ferrules may be produced with tapered bodies and guide pin holes that have fluted internal surfaces with projections for engaging the guide pins , and channels for capturing any foreign material that may accumulate on or around the guide pins , thereby providing improved consistency in fiber connections during mating of the ferrules . | 6 |
a chilled water supply system for a refrigerator is provided . the system includes a water storage tank comprising an outlet leg , and a filter media disposed within said outlet leg . | 5 |
the invention provides a process for amidating a desired peptide comprising cleaving a substrate polypeptide at a x 1 - cysteine sequence , wherein x1 is the amino acid at the peptide carboxyl - terminus and cysteine is the first amino acid of a palladium cleavage site comprising the sequence cysteine - x2 - x3 , wherein x2 is any amino acid , x3 is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of cysteine , histidine , or methionine , and wherein the carboxylterminus of the peptide is amidated upon cleavage at the x1 - cysteine sequence . | 2 |
an illumination device for attachment to a hose has a housing coupled to the hose . the housing allows a substance from the hose to flow through the housing . an electronic circuit is stored in an interior of the housing to illuminate an area in front of the hose . | 0 |
a hollow partition wall is employed to feed carbon material to an underflow of a carbothermic reduction furnace used to make aluminum . the partition wall divides a low temperature reaction zone where aluminum oxide is reacted with carbon to form aluminum carbide and a high temperature reaction zone where the aluminum carbide and remaining aluminum oxide are reacted to form aluminum and carbon monoxide . | 2 |
We have investigated via 2D relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations the long-term evolution of turbulence created by a relativistic shock propagating through an inhomogeneous medium. In the post-shock region, magnetic field is strongly amplified by turbulent motions triggered by pre-shock density inhomogeneities. Using a long-simulation box we have followed the magnetic field amplification until it is fully developed and saturated. The turbulent velocity is subrelativistic even for a strong shock. Magnetic field amplification is controlled by the turbulent motion and saturation occurs when the magnetic energy is comparable to the turbulent kinetic energy. Magnetic field amplification and saturation depend on the initial strength and direction of the magnetic field in the pre-shock medium, and on the shock strength. If the initial magnetic field is perpendicular to the shock normal, the magnetic field is first compressed at the shock and then can be amplified by turbulent motion in the post-shock region. Saturation occurs when the magnetic energy becomes comparable to the turbulent kinetic energy in the post-shock region. If the initial magnetic field in the pre-shock medium is strong, the post-shock region becomes turbulent but significant field amplification does not occur. If the magnetic energy after shock compression is larger than the turbulent kinetic energy in the post-shock region, significant field amplification does not occur. We discuss possible applications of our results to gamma-ray bursts and active galactic nuclei. | 9 |
a two - way orifice check valve device for a hydraulic circuit is disclosed . the hydraulic circuit which controls the engagement and release of a friction element , such as a clutch , is simplified to reduce the manufacturing cost , as well as improve functioning during the engagement and release of the friction element . | 8 |
a surveillance system includes video surveillance cameras that are in various locations sought to be monitored . each camera is associated with a variable frame rate that is faster when motion is detected in the location and slower when little or no motion is detected , to improve resolution when needed . a system hub receives video feeds from the cameras and sends them on to wireless clients upon client request . | 6 |
Fixed bug found in issue #53. Hist.fraction has to drop profile axes, but fails when there are no profile axes (it's the trivial case with nothing to drop). | 9 |
a safety mechanism for preventing a cable drum to rotate with overspeed has parallel ratchet wheels which encircle a brake drum . at a periphery of the ratchet wheels are stopping slots wherein a latching pawl is inserted when an overspeed is detected . the slots of the adjacent ratchet wheels are staggered . thus the braking effect of each ratchet wheel starts at a different point of time . | 1 |
apparatus and method for implementing biometrics - based authentication . in a preferred embodiment , the present invention is embodied in a portable device . specifically , in one embodiment , the portable device includes a microprocessor , a non - volatile memory coupled thereto , and a biometrics - based authentication module controlled by the microprocessor . preferably , the biometrics technology used is fingerprint authentication technology . the authentication module is capable of registering a fingerprint upon first use of the portable device , storing an encoded version of the fingerprint in the non - volatile memory . subsequently , the authentication module can read a person &# 39 ; s fingerprint and reliably determine whether the fingerprint matches the registered fingerprint stored in the non - volatile memory . if a match is found , access to information in the non - volatile memory is granted to that person ; otherwise , access is denied . embodiments of the present invention thus provide a highly convenient , secured and reliable method and system for user authentication and access control which was not achievable in prior art password - based authentication approaches . | 6 |
a pistol holster is disclosed that permits a pistol to be loaded while within the holster . to effect this , the holster body containing the lower portion of a pistol , slides downward relative to a slide bar component that holds the breach block of the pistol , allowing a live round of ammunition to be loaded into the pistol &# 39 ; s firing chamber with a single hand action , to make the pistol ready for firing . the holster also contains one or more locks to prevent unintentional removal of the pistol from the holster . | 5 |
Context. Three-dimensional maps of the Galactic interstellar medium are general astrophysical tools. Reddening maps may be based on the inversion of color excess measurements for individual target stars or on statistical methods using stellar surveys. Three-dimensional maps based on diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) have also been produced. All methods benefit from the advent of massive surveys and may benefit from Gaia data. <BR /> Aims: All of the various methods and databases have their own advantages and limitations. Here we present a first attempt to combine different datasets and methods to improve the local maps. <BR /> Methods: We first updated our previous local dust maps based on a regularized Bayesian inversion of individual color excess data by replacing HIPPARCOS or photometric distances with Gaia Data Release 1 values when available. Secondly, we complemented this database with a series of ≃5000 color excess values estimated from the strength of the λ15273 DIB toward stars possessing a Gaia parallax. The DIB strengths were extracted from SDSS/APOGEE spectra. Third, we computed a low-resolution map based on a grid of Pan-STARRS reddening measurements by means of a new hierarchical technique and used this map as the prior distribution during the inversion of the two other datasets. <BR /> Results: The use of Gaia parallaxes introduces significant changes in some areas and globally increases the compactness of the structures. Additional DIB-based data make it possible to assign distances to clouds located behind closer opaque structures and do not introduce contradictory information for the close structures. A more realistic prior distribution instead of a plane-parallel homogeneous distribution helps better define the structures. We validated the results through comparisons with other maps and with soft X-ray data. <BR /> Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that the combination of various tracers is a potential tool for more accurate maps. An online tool makes it possible to retrieve maps and reddening estimations. <P />Our online tool is available at <A href="http://stilism.obspm.fr">http://stilism.obspm.fr</A> | 9 |
this fdsmooth ™ frequency domain code multipath mitigation technique for real - time application . firstly , a multipath spectral estimation technique is used to provide multipath frequency spectrum analysis , which was used to bound the frequency domain region for mitigation ; either a multipath model or spectral estimation on the gnss observable data can be accomplished secondly , a code - minus - carrier analysis exposes the major code multipath error and its frequency spectrum , which was the basis for operation ; thirdly , a code multipath correction was formed and applied to mitigate the multipath error in the gnss code measurement . both the multipath mitigated code measurement and the carrier phase measurement can be utilized for the user solution , which improves performance . the technique is well suited for ground - based applications where the multipath fading frequency can be well predicted , as well as , for mobile user applications where this multipath frequency can be estimated using a spectral estimation technique . | 6 |
a trocar containing a universal seal for sealing against surgical instruments of varying diameter to maintain insufflation in the body cavity is disclosed . the universal seal has an elastomeric sealing component with a centrally located interior region containing an aperture , and a concentrically located sealing region . the sealing region is composed of an integral laminate having an overlaying layer co - molded with an underlying layer . the overlaying layer has a hardness between about 40 shore a durometer scale and about 80 shore d durometer scale . the underlying layer has a hardness between about 5 shore a durometer scale and about 40 shore a durometer scale . the co - molded laminate balances the properties of tear resistance and elasticity which are necessary for a working universal seal , and does so without the need for resilient legs or protectors to facilitate the opening of the aperture of the seal or to prevent tearing when instruments are inserted . | 0 |
release of inSPIRE v. 1.5 with manuscript | 9 |
a system and method for providing electronic document processing via a network such as the internet . a superuser defines access rules by which other users can access the system . electronic documents are generated , processed , and reviewed by different users fulfilling different roles within a loan documentation process . an originator initiates electronic document processing by transmitting electronic documents to a document server . an electronic document processor evaluates the electronic documents and determines their applicability to defined documentation processes . an electronic document manager defines the documentation processes and balances processing activities for a plurality of electronic document processors . ultimately , the electronic documents are made available to a plurality of electronic document recipients in specific formats specifiable by each of the electronic document recipients . | 6 |
the invention relates to an imaging optical system that is of a small - format size yet capable of easily securing a back focus , and an imaging system that incorporates the same . the imaging optical system comprises only two lenses , specifically , a first meniscus lens l 1 convex on its object side and a second lens l 2 having positive refracting power and a convex surface configured such that the absolute value of the curvature of its object side - surface is larger than the absolute value of the curvature of its image side - surface . an aperture stop s is located on the object side of an image - formation lens arrangement . condition concerning the focal length ratio between the first meniscus lens l 1 and the second lens l 2 and condition concerning the shape factor of an air lens between the first meniscus lens l 1 and the second lens l 2 are satisfied . | 6 |
a prismatic type lithium secondary battery , including an electrode assembly including an anode plate , a cathode plate , and a separator wound together , a can to receive the electrode assembly via an opening in an upper end thereof , a cap assembly to seal the opening of the can , an insulating case mounted on an upper portion of the electrode assembly once the electrode assembly is inside the can , and a stopping unit , formed in sides of the can to protrude toward the interior of the can , including a support surface to support the cap assembly and a surface to engage with the insulating case . | 7 |
an apparatus is utilized for obtaining flow measurements from an individual oil and gas well . the apparatus utilizes pipe segments rather than vessels to separate the fluid components into a gas phase , a water phase , and an oil phase . separation of the flow stream into the different phases allows the measurement of a particular phase . because the oil stream may continue to contain a small amount of water , a water cut meter may be employed to determine the water content in the oil stream . the apparatus may be configured as a skid package to facilitate transportation and installation of the unit . | 1 |
We report Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Band 3 observations of CO(6-5), CO(7-6), and [C I](2-1) in B14-65666 ("Big Three Dragons"), one of the brightest Lyman-break galaxies at z > 7 in the rest-frame ultraviolet continuum, far-infrared continuum, and emission lines of [O III] 88 μm and [C II] 158 μm. CO(6-5), CO(7-6), and [C I](2-1), whose 3σ upper limits on the luminosities are approximately 40 times fainter than the [C II] luminosity, are all not detected. The L <SUB>[C II]</SUB>/L <SUB>CO(6-5)</SUB> and L <SUB>[C II]</SUB>/L <SUB>CO(7-6)</SUB> ratios are higher than the typical ratios obtained in dusty star-forming galaxies or quasar host galaxies at similar redshifts, and they may suggest a lower gas density in the photodissociated region in B14-65666. By using the (1) [C II] luminosity, (2) dust mass-to-gas mass ratio, and (3) a dynamical mass estimate, we find that the molecular gas mass (M <SUB>mol</SUB>) is (0.05-11) × 10<SUP>10</SUP> M <SUB>⊙</SUB>. This value is consistent with the upper limit inferred from the nondetection of mid-J CO and [C I](2-1). Despite the large uncertainty in M <SUB>mol</SUB>, we estimate a molecular gas-to-stellar mass ratio (μ <SUB>gas</SUB>) of 0.65-140 and a gas depletion time (τ <SUB>dep</SUB>) of 2.5-550 Myr; these values are broadly consistent with those of other high-redshift galaxies. B14-65666 could be an ancestor of a passive galaxy at z ≳ 4 if no gas is fueled from outside the galaxy. | 9 |
a glass composition for glass bubbles used as reinforcing fillers in plastic resin articles has an improved compressive strength and the reduced alkali amount leached from the glass . the glass composition consists essentially of , by weight percentages , sio 2 40 - 59 %, r 2 o 2 - 17 %, r 2 o being at least one selected from li 2 o , na 2 o , and k 2 o , b 2 o 3 1 - 25 %, ro 5 - 25 %, ro being at least one selected from cao , mgo , bao , zno , and sro , ro 2 6 - 40 %, ro 2 being at least one selected from tio 2 and zro 2 , al 2 o 3 0 - 13 %, p 2 o 5 0 - 3 %, and so 3 0 . 1 - 1 . 0 %. | 2 |
described herein are modifications and adaptations of iron storage proteins for a novel photo - initiated approach to cancer therapy whereby cells are killed via production of iron - generated hydroxyl radicals . the iron is photo - released from a protein scaffold that includes tumor - targeting peptides and / or proteins fused to the exterior surface of the protein scaffold . one or more photosensitizers are coupled to the protein shell . the multiple tumor - targeting peptides and / or proteins will bind to specific hyperexpressed receptors on the cancer cells . after binding of the photosensitizer - iron - loaded protein to the cancer cells , photochemical excitation of the photosensitizers with tissue - penetrating near - infrared light triggers release of “ free ” ferrous iron , which in oxic or mildly hypoxic intracellular environments generates toxic hydroxyl radicals via fenton chemistry . this light - triggered release of “ free ” iron overwhelms the cancer cells &# 39 ; defenses against free radicals . the combination of tumor - targeting peptides and photo - triggered release of iron ensures that non - cancerous cells are not bombarded with iron . | 2 |
the present invention provides a circular saw including a housing , a motor within the housing , a circular saw blade rotatably driven by the motor , a base and a bevel angle adjustment mechanism . the bevel angle adjustment mechanism pivotally interconnects the base to the housing such that the circular saw blade is adjustable relative to the base through a range of bevel angles . the bevel angle adjustment mechanism includes a first member carrying a detent and a second member defining a cooperating recess . the detent and the cooperating recess positively define at least one predetermined bevel angle setting . | 1 |
a light - reflecting arrangement includes a stack of clean light - reflecting plates which are mounted on a support for gradual advancement , one after the other , into an operative position in which the respective light - reflecting plate replaces the previous one which may have become soiled while dwelling in its operating position , so that a relatively clean plate will be exposed in the operative position at all times to act as a reflector for oncoming traffic . the light - reflecting plates which have been replaced descend by gravity either to form another stack of used light - reflecting plates , or to be collected in a receptacle . the stack of the light - reflecting plates may be advanced by a pusher or by a threaded shaft cooperating with a threaded bore of the respective light - reflecting plate . the pusher may be advanced or the threaded shaft may be rotated by a spring - energized or a battery - energized motor , or by a drive which is energized by ambient pressure or temperature fluctuations . | 1 |
a rotating apparatus for a liquid crystal display comprises : a main body provided with a mounting recess having a predetermined radius of curvature ; a liquid crystal display provided , at its bottom surface , with a curved portion corresponding to the mounting recess so that the curved portion rotates in surface contact with the surface of the mounting recess ; and an angle regulator for guiding the rotation , in a predetermined direction , of the lcd and setting a position of the lcd when rotated to a predetermined position . the angle regulator includes : a plurality of bosses protruding from the bottom surface of the lcd ; guide holes formed along a curvature of the mounting recess so as to form passageways through which the bosses are rotated ; guide rails protruding from both sides of the guide holes toward the bottom surface of the mounting recess ; and sliders which slide along the guide rails and engage the bosses . | 8 |
The susceptibility measures the probability of occurrence of a phenomenon under study. It estimates how much the predisposing factors affect past phenomena in order to predict future scenarios. Numerous tools and software are available for susceptibility analysis. Some of them are focused on spatial susceptibility or susceptibility zoning and are developed on both proprietary and open-source Geographical Information Systems, such as: GRASS r.landslide (Bragagnolo et al., 2020), ArcGIS ArcSDM (Kemp et al. 2002) and Toolboxes (Jebur et al., 2015), R LAND-SE (Rossi & Reichenbach, 2016), R RSAGA (Brenning et al., 2018). In this work, a new open-source tool for susceptibility zoning has been implemented for the QGIS software, named Susceptibility Zoning plugin (SZ-plugin). It allows to map the susceptibility of a specific object of study in the selected area. In particular, the plugin has been developed for landslide susceptibility mapping in the context of the project Silk Road Disaster Risk Reduction of the Belt and Road Initiative (Lei et al., 2018) to prevent and mitigate the risk induced by landslides on the infrastructure. The code has been written in Python3 using third-party libraries and plugins such us: scikit-learn (Pedregosa et al., 2011), NumPy, Matplotlib (Caswell et al., 2020 ; Hunter, 2007), GDAL, QGIS Plugin Builder, Plotly and Pandas. The plugin version 1.0 maps the susceptibility through severalstatistical methods: Weight of Evidence, Frequency Ratio, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest. The analysis provides a measure of the probability of occurrence expressed by the Susceptibility Index (SI). Moreover, the SZ-plugin allows to evaluate the prediction capacity of the model by the representation of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves based on the training and validating datasets respectively and to cross-validate the result by simple random selection or k-fold method. The result is an efficient tool which supports the susceptibility zoning from the spatial analysis to the validation of the method and results. The code repository, further versions and upgrades are available on GitHub: https://github.com/CNR-IRPI-Padova/SZ . | 9 |
a multifocal intraocular lens is provided having two external refractive surfaces and a longitudinal axis , and a diffractive structure superimposed on one of the surfaces in the form of a fresnel zone . to reduce eye traumatism during surgery , to shorten post - surgical time period , to increase visual acuity , and to ensure a constant quality image at any distance from an object , a multifocal intraocular lens is proposed in which at least one additional refractive surface is inserted between the two external refractive surfaces , wherein the at least one additional refractive surface divides the lens volume into zones made of materials having different refraction coefficients . | 0 |
a lactic acid based by - product formed in a process of producing a lactic acid based composition is subjected to racemization in the presence or absence of a catalyst to thereby obtain a lactic acid component having substantially optical inactivity . then , lactide or polylactic acid having optical inactivity can be obtained from the lactic acid component having the optical inactivity . the obtained lactide or polylactic acid is mixed with lactide or polylactic acid having an optical purity in a range of 90 to 100 % e . e . at a predetermined ratio to thereby obtain lactide or polylactic acid having a desired optical purity . | 2 |
a laser writing system includes a high reflector and an output coupler that define an oscillator cavity . a gain medium and a mode locking device are positioned in the oscillator cavity . a diode pump source produces a pump beam that is incident on the gain medium and an output beam is produced . a support holds a workpiece . means are provided for directing the output beam across the workpiece . | 6 |
a data communication system comprises a plurality of terminal units having different addresses individually and a main control assembly connected to the terminal units by transmission lines for controlling the terminal units . the terminal units include a first group of terminal units and second group of terminal units . the main control assembly controls the first group of terminal units according to a series of instructions for controlling the units in a predetermined sequence . when executing one instruction , the main control assembly performs data communication with only the one specific terminal unit relevant to the instruction . concomitantly with the communication with the specific terminal unit , the main control assembly scans and communicates with the second group of terminal units only during periods that specified conditions exist . in addition , means are provided for communicating malfunction information between the main control assembly and the terminal units . | 6 |
a dimmer rack utilizes removable connector modules for interfacing the rack to various types of standard electrical connectors in pre - existing lighting systems . the dinner rack includes a front bay for receiving dimmer modules , a rear bay for receiving the connector modules , and a patch panel for routing electrical power from the dimmer modules to the connector modules . each connector module includes a rear panel having a connector for connecting the module to the patch panel and a front panel having a standard electrical connector for connecting the module to a lighting system . the connector modules can be fabricated with various types of standard electrical connectors . | 7 |
We investigated mass losses via stellar winds from Sun-like main-sequence stars with a wide range of activity levels. We performed forward-type magnetohydrodynamical numerical experiments for Alfvén wave-driven stellar winds with a wide range of input Poynting flux from the photosphere. Increasing the magnetic field strength and the turbulent velocity at the stellar photosphere from the current solar level, the mass-loss rate rapidly at first increases, owing to suppression of the reflection of the Alfvén waves. The surface materials are lifted up by the magnetic pressure associated with the Alfvén waves, and the cool dense chromosphere is intermittently extended to 10%#8211;20% of the stellar radius. The dense atmospheres enhance the radiative losses, and eventually most of the input Poynting energy from the stellar surface escapes by radiation. As a result, there is no more sufficient energy remaining for the kinetic energy of the wind; the stellar wind saturates in very active stars, as observed in Wood et al. (2002, ApJ, 574, 412; 2005, ApJ, 628, L143). The saturation level is positively correlated with B<SUB>r,</SUB><SUB>0</SUB> f<SUB>0</SUB>, where B<SUB>r,</SUB><SUB>0</SUB> and f<SUB>0</SUB> are the magnetic field strength and the filling factor of open flux tubes at the photosphere. If B<SUB>r,</SUB><SUB>0</SUB> f<SUB>0</SUB> is relatively large gtrsim 5 G, the mass-loss rate could be as high as 1000 times. If such a strong mass loss lasts for ∼ 1 billion years, the stellar mass itself would be affected, which could be a solution to the faint young Sun paradox. We derived a Reimers-type scaling relation that estimates the mass-loss rate from an energetics consideration of our simulations. Finally, we derived the evolution of the mass-loss rates, dot;{M} ∝ t<SUP>-1.23</SUP>, of our simulations, combining with an observed time evolution of X-ray flux from Sun-like stars, which are shallower than dot;{M} ∝ t<SUP>-2.33±0.55</SUP> in Wood et al. (2005). | 9 |
Warrick Ball highlights some recent discoveries in the context of the past, present and future of asteroseismology | 9 |
a device and a method of using the device for construction of baffles that may be used in suppressors or solvent traps for firearms out of metal cups sold as engine block freeze plugs . the device has a bottom die , a top die and an alignment cylinder . the metal cup is transformed into a baffle by placing the metal cup on the bottom die , placing the bottom die inside the alignment cylinder , placing the top die inside the alignment cylinder , and applying compressive forces to the bottom die and top die . a hole may be drilled in the center of the baffle by placing a drill bit into a top die center hole completely penetrating through the top die and coaxial thereto , and drilling through the baffle , the drill bit passing into a bottom die center hole penetrating at least partially into the bottom die and coaxial thereto . | 6 |
the invention is process for tracking a moving targeted vehicle from a remote sensor platform comprising the steps of 1 ) tracking the targeted vehicle and periodically recording its radar signature until its identity becomes ambiguous , 2 ) tracking the target after it has left its ambiguous state and periodically recording its radar signature ; and 3 ) comparing the recorded radar signatures prior to the targeted vehicle becoming ambiguous to the recorded radar signature taken after the targeted vehicle has left its ambiguous state and determining that the targeted vehicle now tracked is the same as the targeted vehicle being tracked prior to becoming ambiguous . | 6 |
an electric curtain opening and closing device includes a curtail rail and a movable body arranged in the curtail rail . the curtain rail has a hollow portion that is hollow extending in a longitudinal direction , and an opening opened in the longitudinal direction on its bottom face . power supply patterns for supplying electricity are arranged inside left and right side faces that constitute the hollow portion in the longitudinal direction . the movable body has electrodes in contact with the respective power supply patterns , an electric motor receiving electricity through these electrodes to positively or negatively rotate , and a hanging portion for hanging a curtain . the movable body is driven to move by the electric motor . when the movable body is arranged in the hollow portion of the curtain rail , the hanging portion protrudes from the opening of the curtain rail . | 0 |
a system is disclosed for voltammetry such as anodic stripping voltammetry including a special electrode mounted to be fitted into a sample holder , stirring means operable through the electrode and an electrolytic potential source , optionally pulsed , capable of scanning the operating potential range which may for example , be a range between about - 1 volt and 0 volt . output recording means can be either an analog chart output or digitalized output . the system may be employed for a wide variety of test purposes generally relating to identifying and measuring heavy metals , one of which is detecting and measuring trace mineral components or trace elements in samples of human blood . when employed with blood samples the sample may first be prepared in the usual manner including digesting the sample but the presently preferred procedure comtemplate that the metals being tested are first displaced from blood complexing with a suitable ion such as cr 3 + or ca 2 + and the operating potential from about - 800 millivolts to nearly 0 volt is scanned to read out the presence and quantity of metal such as lead , cadmium , copper and the like . an analysis of such metals can be run in as little as a minute . the ratio of electrode area to sample volume disclosed is 4cm 2 per 1 . 0 milliliter . a self contained test composition is disclosed . | 6 |
a method for communicating between nodes in a communication system . communicating in a first node in a radio access network and a second node in a core network using messages associated with a first set of operations connecting the first node to the core network . communicating in the first node with other nodes of the radio access network using messages associated with a second set of operations connecting the radio access network nodes . communicating in the first node with a third node using messages associated with a third set of operations , the third set of operations providing at least part of the operations provided by the first and second set of operations . the scalability of the core network nodes is enhanced when the number of the radio access network nodes connecting to the core network nodes increases . | 7 |
novel monoazo dyes which are free of sulphonic groups and which contain an aliphatic - carboxylic chain directly bound to the aryl nucleus of the coupling compound are particularly useful in uniformly dyeing polyamide fibers and / or fabrics yellow to orange - yellow . | 3 |
a seat mounted workout station system is provided including a seating assembly having a seat portion and a back portion . also included is a frame mounted on a rear surface of the back portion of the seating assembly . next provided is a plurality of tension members connected to the frame and further connected to cables which are routed through the frame via pulleys . hand grips are connected to the cables for being gripped by a user . | 0 |
an optical device having an optical element , a base plate which has a mount surface for setting the optical element , a first holding member composed of at least a hole and a projection so as to permit the optical element mounted on the base plate to move longitudinally and a second holding member composed of a hole and a projection so as to restrain the optical element from moving in a direction orthogonal to an optical axis . | 6 |
a pyroelectric infrared detector for use in , for example , an intrusion alarming system has a pyroelectric element , a fet for picking up the output of the pyroelectric element , a capacitor connected in parallel to the pyroelectric element , and other circuit parts . these constituent parts are integrally packed in a package . | 6 |
the present invention provides a capture mechanism for capturing and locking onto the marman flange located on the exterior surfaces of spacecraft / satellites . the capture mechanism achieves its goal of quickly capturing a client spacecraft by splitting the two basic actions involved into two separate mechanisms . one mechanism performs the quick grasp of the target while the other mechanism rigidises that grasp to ensure that the target is held as firmly as desired . | 1 |
a method and apparatus that reduces the amount of constellation rotation due to power amplifier insertion phase variation during activation of a transmitter . this is accomplished by applying an instantaneous phase rotation during the transmitter turn on at digital baseband to counteract and minimize unwanted phase variations . | 7 |
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