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The stinger is covered with a thin layer of skin , the integumentary sheath , in which the venom is concentrated . | The sting is covered with a thin layer of skin , the sheath , in which the venom is held . |
Because their eyes are on top of their bodies and their mouths on the undersides , stingrays can not see their prey ; instead , they use smell and electroreceptors ( ampullae of Lorenzini ) similar to those of sharks . | Because their eyes are on top of their bodies and their mouths on the undersides , stingrays can not see their prey . |
Most stingrays have one or more barbed stingers ( modified from dermal denticles ) on the tail , which are used exclusively in self-defense . | Most stingrays have one or more barbed stings on the tail , which is used only for self-defense . |
Stingrays are common in coastal tropical and subtropical marine waters throughout the world , and also includes species found in warmer temperate oceans , such as Dasyatis thetidis , and those found in the deep ocean , such as Plesiobatis daviesi . | Stingrays are common in coastal tropical and subtropical marine waters throughout the world . |
This field overlaps with other areas of biology and chemistry , particularly genetics and biochemistry . | The field overlaps with other areas of biology and chemistry , particularly cell biology , genetics , biophysics and biochemistry . |
Molecular biology chiefly concerns itself with understanding the interactions between the various systems of a cell , including the interactions between the different types of DNA , RNA and protein biosynthesis as well as learning how these interactions are regulated . | Molecular biology chiefly concerns itself with understanding the interactions between the various systems of a cell , including the interrelationship of DNA , RNA and protein biosynthesis and learning how these interactions are regulated . |
Researchers in molecular biology use specific techniques native to molecular biology but increasingly combine these with techniques and ideas from genetics and biochemistry . | Researchers in molecular biology use specific techniques that are typical for molecular biology , but they combine these with techniques and ideas from genetics and biochemistry . |
There is not a defined line between these disciplines . | There is no hard & fast line between these disciplines , as there once was . |
As of the early 2000s , the study of gene structure and function , molecular genetics , has been among the most prominent sub-field of molecular biology . | Molecular biology is the study of biology at a molecular level . |
For their achievements Cornell , Wieman , and Wolfgang Ketterle at MIT received the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics . | Cornell , Wieman , and Wolfgang Ketterle at MIT were then given the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics . |
As of June 2006 , Stripped had sold over 12 million copies worldwide . | The album sold over 13 million copies . |
Stripped is the fourth studio album by American recording artist Christina Aguilera , released on October 25 , 2002 by RCA Records . | Stripped is the fourth studio album by American singer Christina Aguilera . |
Therefore , a cryptographic hash function should behave as much as possible like a random function while still being deterministic and efficiently computable . | A cryptographic hash function should behave as much as possible like a random function while still being deterministic and efficiently computable . |
Most cryptographic hash functions are designed to take a string of any length as input and produce a fixed-length hash value . | A hash function takes a string of any length as input and produces a fixed length string which acts as a kind of `` signature '' for the data provided . |
The ideal cryptographic hash function has four main properties : Cryptographic hash functions have many information security applications , notably in digital signatures , message authentication codes ( MACs ) , and other forms of authentication . | The ideal hash function has three main properties : Functions with these properties are used as hash functions for a variety of purposes , not only in cryptography . |
A cryptographic hash function is a hash function that takes an arbitrary block of data and returns a fixed-size bit string , the cryptographic hash value , such that any ( accidental or intentional ) change to the data will ( with very high probability ) change the hash value . | A cryptographic hash function is a transformation that takes an input ( or ` message ' ) and returns a fixed-size string , which is called the hash value ( sometimes called a message digest , a digital fingerprint , a digest or a checksum ) . |
A stroke , sometimes referred to as a cerebrovascular accident ( CVA ) , cerebrovascular insult ( CVI ) , or colloquially brain attack is the loss of brain function due to a disturbance in the blood supply to the brain . | A stroke , or cerebrovascular accident ( CVA ) , is the rapid loss of brain function ( s ) due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain . |
A stroke is a medical emergency and can cause permanent neurological damage or death . | It can cause permanent damage . |
As a result , the affected area of the brain can not function normally , which might result in an inability to move one or more limbs on one side of the body , failure to understand or formulate speech , or a vision impairment of one side of the visual field . | Symptoms might include : hemiplegia ( an inability to move one or more limbs on one side of the body ) , aphasia ( inability to understand or use speech ) , or an inability to see one side of the visual field . |
The earliest known butterfly fossils date to the mid Eocene epoch , 40-50 million years ago . | The earliest known butterfly fossils date to the mid Eocene epoch , between 40-50 million years ago . |
These prolegs have rings of tiny hooks called crochets that help them grip the substrate . | The prolegs have tiny hooks at the end of the each foot . |
Butterflies are a chiefly diurnal group of the order Lepidoptera ( which also includes moths ) . | Butterflies were the last major group of insects to appear on the planet . |
Some caterpillars have the ability to inflate parts of their head to appear snake-like . | The caterpillars also have colors with similar functions . |
Butterflies may have one or more broods per year . | A butterfly has two pairs of wings . |
Other butterflies may lay their eggs in the spring and have them hatch in the summer . | The butterfly then hatches out and lays more eggs . |
New Line Film Productions Inc. , often simply referred to as New Line Cinema , is an American film studio . | New Line Film Productions Inc. , often called New Line Cinema , is an American movie studio . |
Robert Shaye and Michael Lynne said that they would step down with a letter to their employees . | It was founded in 1967 by Robert Shaye and Michael Lynne . |
are verifiable by other editors Sources are ( nearly ) everything Your topic might be notable , but without good references , nobody else can review it and agree with you , or verify the information in your article . | What to do now Sources are ( nearly ) everything Your topic might be notable , but without good references , nobody else can review it and agree with you , or verify the information in your article . |
When you feel your article is ready , please consider using this wizard again ( just go back to the beginning ) ; alternatively , you can create a draft whilst you get the article ready ( see below ) . | When you think your article is ready , please consider using this wizard again ( just go back to the start ) . |
If you 'd like to try to find the reliable sources needed for your proposed article , these links may help : This wizard is under active development . | If you want to try to find the sources needed for your article , these links may help : |
Although your proposed article might not be ready now , it could possibly be improved with some work . | Your article might not be ready now , but it could be improved with some work . |
The key thing you 'll need is ( more ) reliable sources , which are also independent of the subject . | The main thing you will need is ( more ) reliable sources that are not associated with the subject . |
In any case , we encourage you to continue to participate in the project in other ways , such as working on improving existing articles . | Whatever you choose , we encourage you to keep helping the Simple English Wikipedia in other ways , such as working on improving existing articles . |
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Teplyakov ( Russian : Владимир Александрович Тепляков ) ( November 6 , 1925 - December 10 , 2009 ) was a Russian physicist best known for his work on particle accelerators . | Vladimir Aleksandrovich Teplyakov ( Russian : Владимир Александрович Тепляков ) ( November 6 , 1925 - December 10 , 2009 ) was a Russian physicist who is best known for his work with particle accelerators . |
From 1959 to 1966 he worked at Chelyabinsk-70 , where he studied high-current proton linear accelerators . | From 1959-1966 , he worked at Chelyabinsk-70 , where he kept up his study of high-current proton accelerators . |
After the war , he graduated from the All-Union Correspondence Polytechnic Institute in Moscow and got a job at the Institute of Chemical Physics of the Soviet Academy of Sciences . | After the war ended , he went to and graduated from the All-Union Correspondence Polytechnic Institute in Moscow . |
He , working with I.M. Kapchinsky , invented the principle of the Radio Frequency Quadrupole ( RFQ ) , which revolutionized the acceleration of low energy ion beams . | He , working with his friend I.M. Kapchinsky , created the Radio Frequency Quadrupole ( RFQ ) principle , which was very important dealing with the speed of low energy ion beams . |
He was drafted into the Red Army in January 1943 to fight in the Second World War , serving as part of the 3rd Ukrainian Front , and participated in the Vienna Offensive . | He was made to join the Red Army in January 1943 and fought in the Second World War on the Ukrainian front . |
V.A. Teplyakov was born in Tambov , Russian SFSR , USSR , on November 6 , 1925 . | Teplyakov was born in the USSR on November 6 , 1925 . |
Backpacking is a form of low-cost , independent international travel . | Backpacking is a form of low-cost and basically independent travel . |
Saxony is divided into 10 districts : 1 . | Saxony is divided into 3 administrative districts ( Chemnitz , Dresden and Leipzig ) . |
These lands became the Prussian province of Saxony , incorporated today in Saxony-Anhalt . | In the north of Saxony is Brandenburg , another German state . |
Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine that uses volatile plant materials , known as essential oils , and other aromatic compounds for the purpose of altering a person 's mind , mood , cognitive function or health . | Aromatherapy is a type of alternative medicine that uses the part of plants known as essential oils . |
Boult was followed in 1932 by Reginald Jacques , who had been a pupil of Hugh Allen at Oxford . | Boult was replaced by Reginald Jacques ( pronounced : `` Jakes '' ) , who had been a pupil of Hugh Allen at Oxford . |
Founded in 1876 to give the first performance of J. S. Bach 's Mass in B minor in Britain , The Bach Choir has long been established as one of the world 's leading choirs . | The Bach Choir gave its first concert on 26 April 1876 with a performance of Bach 's Mass in B minor . |
From the beginning there had been a connection with royalty and Queen Victoria became patron in 1879 . | Queen Victoria became Patron of the choir in 1879 . |
In addition to his Bach Choir appointment , he is also chief conductor of the BBC Singers . | As well as spending much of his time with The Bach Choir , he is also conductor of the BBC Singers . |
The Bach Choir is a large independent musical organization based in London , UK , with around 220 active members . | The Bach Choir is a world-famous amateur choir based in London . |
Goldschmidt resigned in 1885 to be replaced by Stanford , organist of Trinity College , Cambridge and conductor of the Cambridge University Musical Society , who had recently been appointed professor of composition at the Royal College of Music . | Stanford had already become well known as organist of Trinity College , Cambridge and conductor of the Cambridge University Musical Society . |
Allen inherited a choir that included Ralph Vaughan Williams and later Adrian Boult among the singing members . | Hugh Allen found himself conducting a choir which included the young Ralph Vaughan Williams , who had joined in 1903 and Adrian Boult , who joined around 1914 . |
Money magazine in 2006 also ranked Greenwich # 1 in the `` Biggest Earner '' category . | Money magazine also ranked Greenwich # 1 in the `` Biggest Earner '' category . |
One of the founders was Elizabeth Fones Winthrop , daughter-in-law of John Winthrop , founder and Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony . | One of the founders was Elizabeth Fones Winthrop , daughter-in-law of John Winthrop . |
Greenwich \ / ˈɡrɛnɨtʃ \ / is a town in Fairfield County , Connecticut , United States . | Greenwich is a town in Fairfield County , Connecticut , United States . |
Greenwich is the southernmost and westernmost municipality in Connecticut and is 38 + minutes by train ( express ) from Grand Central Terminal in Manhattan . | Greenwich is the southernmost and westernmost town in Connecticut . |
As of the 2010 census , the town had a total population of 61,171 . | As of the 2010 census , the town had 61,171 people . |
The town is named after Greenwich , a borough of London in the United Kingdom . | The town is named after Greenwich , England . |
In July 2005 , CNN\/Money and Money magazine ranked Greenwich 1st on its list of the 100 Best Places to Live in the United States . | In July 2005 , CNN\/Money and Money magazine listed Greenwich 4th on its list of the 100 Best Places to Live in the United States . |
Greenwich was declared a township by the General Assembly in Hartford on May 11 , 1665 . | Greenwich was officially made a town on May 11 , 1665 . |
Island Beach or `` Little Captain Island '' once was the venue for the town 's annual Island Beach Day . | The town has four beaches on Long Island Sound : Greenwich Point , Byram Beach , Island Beach ( Little Captain 's Island ) , and Great Captain Island . |
Coordinates : 45 ° 4 ′ 14 ″ N 7 ° 41 ′ 16 ″ E \ / 45.07056 ° N 7.68778 ° E \ / 45.07056 ; 7.68778 The Teatro Regio ( ` Royal Theatre ' ) is a prominent opera house and opera company in Turin , Italy . | Coordinates : 45 ° 4 ′ 14 ″ N 7 ° 41 ′ 16 ″ E \ / 45.07056 ° N 7.68778 ° E \ / 45.07056 ; 7.68778 The Teatro Regio ( ` Royal Theatre ' ) is a well-known opera house and opera company in Turin , Italy . |
Arturo Toscanini was the conductor of the Turin Opera from 1895 to 1898 , during which time several production of works of Wagner were given Italian premieres . | Arturo Toscanini was the conductor of the Turin Opera from 1895 to 1898 , during which time several production of works of Wagner were given their first Italian performances . |
Other theaters were built and presented seasons of opera in Turin . | Other theaters were built and gave seasons of opera in Turin . |
With the French occupation of Turin during the Napoleonic War the theater was renamed the Teatro Nazionale and finally , after Napoleon 's ascent to Emperor , renamed again as the Teatro Imperiale . | With the French occupation of Turin during the Napoleonic War the theater was renamed the Teatro Nazionale and finally , after Napoleon became emperor , renamed again as the Teatro Imperiale . |
The rebuilt theater , with its striking contemporary interior design but hidden behind the original facade , was inaugurated on 10 April 1973 with a production of Verdi 's I Vespri Siciliani directed by Maria Callas and Giuseppe Di Stefano . | The opera house was rebuilt an opened in 10 April 1973 with a production of Verdi 's I Vespri Siciliani directed by Maria Callas and Giuseppe Di Stefano . |
It too was acquired by the municipality in 1932 and , after the destruction by fire of the Teatro Regio in 1936 , the Carignano was to serve as the main venue for opera in the city until the Regio reopened in 1973 . | It was taken over by the municipality in 1932 and , after the destruction by fire of the Teatro Regio in 1936 , the Carignano was the main opera house in the city until the Regio reopened in 1973 . |
However , the theater was closed on royal order in 1792 and it became a warehouse . | In 1792 it was closed and became a warehouse . |
The new house seats 1,750 and is elliptical in shape with a large orchestra level and 37 boxes around its perimeter . | The new house , which uses the original frontage , seats 1,750 and is elliptical in shape with a large orchestra level and 37 boxes . |
Work was completed in 1905 but the theater closed during the First World War and re-opened in 1919 . | The Regio was rebuilt in 1905 but the theater closed during the First World War and re-opened in 1919 . |
The thesis was proposed by Jim O'Neill , global economist at Goldman Sachs . | The acronym was invented by Jim O'Neill , an economist who worked for Goldman Sachs . |
The acronym was coined by Jim O'Neill in a 2001 paper entitled `` Building Better Global Economic BRICs '' . | In 2001 , he wrote an article that he called `` Building Better Global Economic BRICs '' . |
It is typically rendered as `` the BRICs '' or `` the BRIC countries '' or `` the BRIC economies '' or alternatively as the `` Big Four '' . | When people write about these countries , they usually write `` BRICs '' or the `` BRIC countries '' . |
Cha Tae-hyun ( born March 25 , 1976 ) is a South Korean actor and singer . | Cha Tae-hyun is a South Korean actor . |
Cha Tae-hyun started his career as a silver medalist in a 1995 KBS Talent Contest . | His start was in the KBS Talent Contest . |
The common chimpanzee lives in groups which range in size from 15 to 150 members , although individuals travel and forage in much smaller groups during the day . | The common chimpanzee lives in groups which range from 15 to 150 members , although individuals travel and forage in much smaller groups during the day . |
It is considered more robust than the bonobo , weighing between 40 and 65 kg ( 88 and 143 lb ) and measuring approximately 1.3 to 1.6 m ( 4 ft 3 in to 5 ft 3 in ) from head to tail . | The common chimpanzee is more robust than the bonobo , weighing between 40 and 65 kg ( 88 and 143 lb ) and measuring approximately 1.3 to 1.6 m ( 4 ft 3 in to 5 ft 3 in ) from head to tail . |
The species lives in a male-dominated , strict hierarchy , which means disputes can generally be settled without the need for violence . | The species lives in a male-dominated , strict hierarchy , so disputes can generally be settled without the need for violence . |
The common chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) , also known as the robust chimpanzee , is a species of great ape . | The common chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) , or robust chimpanzee , is a species of great ape . |
Colloquially , the common chimpanzee is often called the chimpanzee ( or `` chimp '' ) , though this term can be used to refer to both species in the genus Pan : the common chimpanzee and the closely related bonobo , formerly called the pygmy chimpanzee . | The common chimpanzee is often called the chimpanzee ( or `` chimp '' ) , though this can be used to refer to both species in the genus Pan : the common chimpanzee and the closely related bonobo . |
Evidence from fossils and DNA sequencing show both species of chimpanzees are the sister group to the modern human lineage . | Evidence from fossils and DNA sequencing show both species of chimpanzees are the closest living relatives to modern humans . |
Formed in 1918 immediately after World War I as the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes by union of the State of Slovenes , Croats and Serbs and the Kingdom of Serbia . | From 1918 until 1928 it was called the Kingdom of the Serbs , Croats , and Slovenes . |
Various dates are considered the end of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia : As the Yugoslav Wars raged through Croatia and Bosnia , the republics of Serbia and Montenegro , which remained relatively untouched by the war , formed a rump state known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( FRY ) in 1992 . | In 1992 , they formed a new Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( FRY ) . |
The constituent six Socialist Republics and two Socialist Autonomous Provinces that made up the country were SR Bosnia and Herzegovina , SR Croatia , SR Macedonia , SR Montenegro , SR Slovenia , and SR Serbia ( including the autonomous provinces of Vojvodina and Kosovo , which after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation ) . | After the WW 2 it was renamed to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia with six republics , 2 autonomous provinces : Bosnia-Herzegovina , Croatia , Macedonia , Montenegro , Serbia and Slovenia and two autonomous provinces in Serbia : Vojvodina in the north , and Kosovo , next to Albania . |
Bank and Monument are interlinked London Underground and Docklands Light Railway stations that form a public transport complex spanning the length of King William Street in the City of London . | The complex spans the length of King William Street in the City of London . |
It ran from October 1 , 2009 , including four games in Europe on October 2 and 3-until April 11 , 2010 , with the 2010 Stanley Cup playoffs , all the way up to early June 2010 . | It ran from October 1 , 2009 , including four games in Europe on October 2 and 3-until April 11 , 2010 , with the 2010 Stanley Cup playoffs currently being played , all the way up to early June 2010 . |
The 2009-10 NHL season was the 93rd season of operation ( 92nd season of play ) of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , and the 100th season since the founding of the predecessor National Hockey Association ( NHA ) . | The 2009-10 NHL season was the 92nd season of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) and the 100th season since the founding of the predecessor National Hockey Association ( NHA ) . |
GP = Games Played , W = Wins , L = Losses , OTL = Overtime\/Shootout Losses , GF = Goals For , GA = Goals Against , Pts = Points bold - Qualified for playoffs ; y - Won division p - Won Presidents ' Trophy ( and division ) bold - Qualified for playoffs ; y - Won division ; p - Won Presidents ' Trophy ( and division ) AT - Atlantic Division , NE - Northeast Division , SE - Southeast Division bold - Qualified for playoffs ; y - Won division ; z - Won conference ( and division ) If two or more clubs are tied in points during the regular season , the ranking of the clubs is determined in the following order : | GP - Games Played W - Wins L - Losses OTL - OT\/Shootout Losses GF - Goals For GA - Goals Against PTS - Points \* - Division Leader x - Clinched Playoff spot y - Clinched Division z - Clinched Conference p - Clinched Presidents ' Trophy e - Eliminated from Playoff Contention GP - Games Played W - Wins L - Losses OTL - OT\/Shootout Losses GF - Goals For GA - Goals Against PTS - Points \* - Division Leader x - Clinched Playoff spot y - Clinched Division z - Clinched Conference p - Clinched Presidents ' Trophy e - Eliminated from Playoff Contention GP - Games Played W - Wins L - Losses OTL - OT\/Shootout Losses GF - Goals For GA - Goals Against PTS - Points \* - Division Leader x - Clinched Playoff spot y - Clinched Division z - Clinched Conference p - Clinched Presidents ' Trophy e - Eliminated from Playoff Contention Teams are ranked ( ordered by how many games they won ) at the end of the regular season . |
The ward refers to itself in English as Chūō City . | The municipality calls itself `` Chūō City '' in English . |
Chūō is physically the second-smallest ward in Tokyo , with a total area of just 10.15 km ² ; only Taitō is smaller . | In area , Chūō is the second-smallest ward in Tokyo . |
Its name is a reference to the Iranian government 's repeated attempts to jam foreign satellite programming . | Its name comes from the Iranian government 's repeated tries to jam foreign satellite programming . |
However , as of January 2011 , the show 's YouTube channel is viewed 45,000 times a week , while their Facebook page is visited 17 million times a month . | However since January 2011 , the show 's YouTube channel is watched 45,000 times a week and its Facebook page is visited 17 million times a month . |
Parazit ( Persian : پارازیت , pārāzit , meaning `` static '' ) was a weekly half-hour Persian-language satirical television show broadcast on Voice of America 's Persian service . | Parazit ( Persian : پارازیت , pārāzit , meaning `` static '' ) was a weekly half-hour Persian language satirical television show on Voice of America 's Persian service . |
Kambiz Hosseini and Saman Arbabi , Iranian expatriates living in Washington , DC , started the show as a 10-minute segment in another show influenced by the American satirical news show The Daily Show . | Kambiz Hosseini and Saman Arbabi started the show as a 10-minute show . |
Parazit was launched before the June 2009 presidential elections in Iran . | Parazit was started before the June 2009 presidential elections in Iran . |
Because it is distributed through unofficial channels , it is impossible to determine the audience . | Because it is shown through unofficial channels , it is impossible to say how many people have seen it . |
Venda , also known as Tshivenḓa or Luvenḓa , is a Bantu language and an official language of South Africa . | Venda , also called Tshivenḓa or Luvenḓa , is a Bantu language and an official language of South Africa . |
The letters C , J and Q are used only in quoting foreign words and names . | The letters C , J , and Q are used when writing foreign words and names . |
During the Apartheid era of South Africa , the bantustan of Venda was set up to cover the Venda speakers of South Africa . | During the Apartheid era of South Africa , Venda speakers lived in the bantustan of Venda . |
The majority of Venda speakers live in the northern part of South Africa 's Limpopo Province , but about 10 % of its speakers live in Zimbabwe . | Most Venda speakers live in South Africa , but some speakers live in Zimbabwe . |
The Venda language is related to Kalanga ( Western Shona , different from Shona , official language of Zimbabwe ) which is spoken in Botswana and Zimbabwe . | The Venda language is very similar to the Kalanga language , which is spoken in Botswana and Zimbabwe . |
There are only a handful of tone patterns in Venda words-no tone , a single high tone on some syllable , two non-adjacent high tones-which behave as follows : The extra letters have the following Unicode names | The extra letters have these Unicode names |
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