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How to Paint a Garage Floor | Painting a garage floor essentially involves the same steps as painting any other interior surface in your house: first priming and then painting the surface area. However, since it is a floor, you definitely have to plan an exit strategy so you don’t trap yourself in the middle of a whole lot of wet paint. And since it is the garage floor, extra care must be taken to clean it beforehand so no chemical stains or other blemishes show through the final coat.
1. **Start with a basic clean-up.** Wipe up any liquids (such as automotive fluids or any other chemicals) with a cloth. Then clear the floor of dry debris. Sweep up any dust or solids with a broom.
If your concrete floor is brand new, extensive cleaning shouldn’t be necessary. However, you must wait at least 45 days after the concrete is poured before it has cured enough to be painted.
2. **Spray the concrete with cleaner.** For best results, use a degreaser on the floor and then an all-purpose cleaner. Spray it over the whole floor, using generous amounts over noticeable stains. Let it sit for at least ten minutes. For heavy stains, let it soak for twenty.
Laundry detergent and TSP (trisodium phosphate) can also be used as cleaner. Do not combine different products, though, since their ingredients may cause harmful chemical reactions.
3. **Scrub the floor.** Allow the cleaner enough time to sit, but not enough to dry. While the floor is still wet, scrub the concrete with a stiff-bristled brush or broom. Use non-metal bristles, since metal ones may scratch up the concrete.
If stains persist despite heavy scrubbing, spray with more cleaner and repeat as needed.
4. **Rinse the floor.** Attach a high-pressure nozzle to your garden hose. Spray the entire floor, working from the inside outward. Wash away any traces of cleaner and debris. Once you are finished, mop or squeegee the extra water out of the garage. Allow the floor to air-dry before proceeding.
Alternately, use a power washer. Some models enable you to mix cleaners with water, which would allow you to use it instead of a spray bottle when applying cleaner.
5. **Repair cracks.** Before you prime your floor, inspect it for any imperfections. Apply a synthetic concrete/mortar compound over any thin cracks. For wider cracks, use a concrete patch. If the they are especially deep, apply the new concrete in layers, allowing each to dry before adding the next.
Skim extra concrete off the top before it dries to keep the surface area smooth and level.
6. **Protect other surface areas.** Line the bottoms of your walls with painter’s tape where they meet the floor. Layer painter’s paper, plastic sheeting, dropcloth, newspapers, or some other protective covering over the walls. Safeguard them from any splashes of primer or paint.
7. **Mix your primer.** Expect the ingredients in your primer to separate as it settled after being sealed. Use a paint stirrer to recombine them. Stir vigorously until it is evenly mixed again.
8. **Prime the edges of your floor first.** Pick a corner to start from. Pour some primer into a tray or bucket. Then use a paintbrush to apply it along the floor, where it meets the wall. Create a border that is roughly 2 to 3 inches thick (5 to 7.5 cm) along all four sides of your floor.
This technique is often referred to as “cutting in.”
You may have to cut in around pipes or other objects so make sure to brush a wide enough area out.
9. **Switch to your paint roller.** Once the border has been primed, pour more primer into a paint tray. Screw an extension pole into the base of a paint roller so you don’t have to work on your knees. Roll the roller in the tray to load it with primer, and begin rolling the primer on the floor, starting in a back corner of the garage.
When you start, apply more primer directly over your border, rather than starting right beside it.
Cover a length of floor about 3 feet (0.9 m) long and 2 feet wide (1.2 m long and 0.6 m wide) at a time before freshening the roller with more primer. Continue using this pattern for the entire surface.
When you begin rolling again, overlap the previous length by a little bit to ensure there isn’t a gap between the two.
10. **Coat the whole floor.** Keep rolling lengths of primer over the floor until the entire surface is treated. As you go, be aware of your exit strategy so you don’t back yourself into a corner. Starting from the back of the garage, work your way from left to right. Then back up toward the open garage door, and work your way from left to right again. Repeat until you finally exit the garage.
Once you are done, refer to the primer’s directions to find out how long it need to dry. Some may recommend four hours. Others may recommend longer. If you are unable to paint the floor on the same day, don't worry. Just be sure to do so within the next 30 days. After that long, you would need to prime the floor again.
11. **Read the paint's instructions regarding weather.** Once your floor is primed, refer to your paint's directions before you begin painting. Be aware that temperatures and humidity can impact the paint before, during, and after application. Save yourself the trouble of having to redo your floors because the first coat was applied in less than ideal conditions.
12. **Mix and pour the paint.** Expect the paint’s color to be inconsistent when you first open it. Use a paint stirrer to mix it until the color is perfectly even. After that, pour some into a paint tray or bucket.
When choosing a paint, decide between latex acrylic or epoxy. Be sure to buy paint specifically designed for concrete. To save money in the short-term, pick latex acrylic, which will last about two years before needing a new coat. For a paint job that will last longer and resist more damage, use epoxy, which will last about four years.
If you are unsure of how much paint to buy, kits are available for standard-sized garages (1-car, 2-car, etc.). Be sure to buy paint specifically designed for concrete. Alternately, measure the square footage and ask staff at the store how much you will need, or use an online paint calculator to determine this yourself.
13. **Cut in.** Start off the same way you applied the primer. Choose a corner to be your starting point. Use a brush to paint a strip roughly 2 to 3 inches (5 to 7.5 cm) wide along the edges of the floor.
14. **Paint the floor strip by strip.** Again, simply use the same process as priming. Fill your paint tray with paint. Using a roller with an extension pole, paint the floor on strip at a time. Starting in a back corner, cover the freshly painted border with a length of paint roughly 4 feet (1 m) long by 2 feet wide (1.2 m long by 0.6 m wide). Freshen your roller with more paint and paint another strip that slightly overlaps the first.
As before, start at the back of the garage and work from side to side before moving backward toward the garage door.
15. **Add color flakes if you like.** Consider adding vinyl chips to liven up the floor's base coat with complement colors. If you decide to do so, empty the chips from their packaging into a bucket or similar container before you start painting. Keep the bucket handy as you paint. Once you have a sizable area covered, toss handfuls of chips into the air over it so they can settle at random into the drying paint. Be sure to do this no later than ten minutes after the paint was applied, so the chips can stick to the wet coat.
Always toss the chips upward, rather than directly at the floor. This will help to disperse over a wider area, instead of in clumps.
Before you begin painting, do a test run with your chips once your primer has dried. Be sure that you have have enough to cover the entire floor. Also, practice your tosses so you don't end up using all your flakes before the end due to poor dispersal.
If you plan on doing a second coat of paint, wait until then before applying your flakes.
If flakes are added, then you’ll need to apply a sealer to the floor. This will prevent the flakes from coming loose.
16. **Apply a second coat if desired.** Give the first coat 24 hours to dry. After that, give it a gander and determine whether you want to apply a second coat. If you do, simply repeat the process. If not, feel free to begin walking over the first coat as long as it no longer feels tacky, but give it another week before parking your car or other heavy machinery inside.
If you do a second coat, be aware that many experts recommend applying second coats in a perpendicular fashion to the first. For example, if you rolled from the back of the garage toward the door, you should then roll from one side of the garage to the other during the second coat.
However, the confines of your garage might not allow you to do this so easily. In this case, just apply the second coat in the same exact fashion as the first.
Keep in mind that a second coat of paint will take much longer to dry than the first coat. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Paint-a-Garage-Floor", "language": "en"} |
How to Cut Corian | Corian is a hard-surface building material made out of acrylic and aluminum ore. It is commonly used for countertops and is often mistaken for marble or granite. Cutting Corian is quite simple, but be sure to take the proper safety precautions by wearing protective eyewear and a dust mask or respirator. Work in a well-ventilated area, since the dust created when cutting Corian can irritate the lungs and eyes.
1. **Measure the area where you’re installing your Corian.** Take measurements for the height, length, depth, and width of your area using a retractable measuring tape. Double-check your measurements before you mark anything on your Corian. Jot down the dimensions on a piece of paper so that you can easily refer to them. You don’t want to waste an entire slab of material because your initial measurement was off!
2. **Steady your Corian upside-down on top of your work surface.** You can use two sawhorses, a stable workbench, or a cutting table to cut your Corian. Corian can be rather heavy, so you should use a larger workbench if your slab of Corian is particularly big.
Use clamps to hold the Corian in place, if necessary.
3. **Mark your Corian where you’re going to cut with a grease marker.** On the underside of your Corian, use your previous measurements to measure out and mark the dimensions that you need to cut with a grease marker. Use a straight edge and tilt your marker at a 45-degree angle to steady your hand as you draw your lines.
You want to mark the underside of the Corian so that there are no visible markings left after you’ve installed it.
4. **Attach a triple chip blade and made of tungsten carbide to your saw.** You can use any kind of circular saw to cut Corian, but the blade has to be a triple chip blade made out of tungsten carbide. Any other sawblade can damage your Corian or your circular saw. You could also risk losing control of your circular saw, which could be disastrous.
Your saw’s material and blade type will be printed on the side of the saw blade.
5. **Put on your protective eyewear and dust mask or respirator.** While the chemical components of Corian are non-toxic, there are health hazards associated with the cutting of Corian. The dust caused by cutting is an irritant and can damage your lungs, throat, and eyes. Wear protective eyewear and a dust mask or respirator before you start cutting.
Make your cuts in a well-ventilated area, preferably outside.
6. **Put a straight edge next to the guiding line with clamps for clean cuts.** Clamp a leveler 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) away from your grease marking, parallel to the guiding line that you’re going to cut. Place the base plate of your saw against the straight edge where you plan on cutting to ensure that the guiding line on the saw and the grease marking are on top of one another. Make adjustments to the placement of your leveler if you need to move the straight edge.
A straight edge will support the base plate of your circular saw while you cut
A leveler is a rectangular tool that contains a measuring side and a sequence of tubes with air bubbles in them. The air bubbles float back and forth depending on how you hold it, and you can tell if you have a level surface if the bubbles float in the middle.
Keep your leveler on the side opposite of your circular saw’s handle. This will put any excess pressure on the straight edge and keep your blade from sliding away as you cut.
7. **Put your circular saw on top of the grease marking.** On the edge of your slab of Corian, use the guiding line on the base plate of your saw to line it up with the grease marking where you want to cut. Set the depth of your blade by using the lever on the side and lifting your saw blade before locking it in.
Make your blade to extend slightly beyond the bottom of your Corian slab, roughly 1–2 inches (2.5–5.1 cm).
Put both hands on the upper handles of your circular saw before you start cutting.
8. **Pull the trigger on your saw and begin to cut along your line.** Wait for the blade to spin at full speed before you start moving it forward. Push your saw forward slightly and as your blade begins to cut the Corian, stop pushing. The saw will do the work for you and the blades will naturally pull it forward.
When your cut is complete, wait for your blade to come to a complete stop before moving it.
9. **Release the trigger if you encounter kickback or smoke.** The friction between your saw blade and the Corian may create a lot of heat. If your saw blade starts to smoke, you’re moving too quickly. Wait for a few minutes and let your blade cool down before you continue to cut. If your blade jumps as you’re cutting and starts kicking back, release the trigger and wait for a moment before you resume cutting.
10. **Inspect your edges for any pieces you may have missed.** Look along every edge where you cut and look for any chunks of Corian that you may have missed with your circular saw. You need the edges of your Corian to be flat when installing it, so if you missed a section, reattach your circular saw and cut again.
11. **Start sanding your edges with 100-150 grit sandpaper.** Use medium-grit sandpaper to begin smoothing your edges. Attach your sandpaper to your sander and turn it on. Hold it up to the edge of your Corian and carefully press it into the material so that it rests on top. Slide your sander back and forth along each section of the edges to remove excess bumps and sharp edges.
You can opt for a sanding belt or a sanding disc. They’ll both work for the job.
You can sand your edges by hand, but it will take quite a bit of energy and won’t result in a uniform finish.
12. **Move up to a higher grit if you’re having trouble getting a clean finish.** If the sides and edges of your Corian are still rough after 2-3 applications of the sandpaper, move up to 320-400 grit. The lighter sandpaper will help wear away the smaller bumps and groves in your Corian.
13. **Inspect your edges by running your hand along them slowly.** Without applying any pressure, run your hand along the edges of your Corian. If each side is smooth to the touch, then you’re done sanding and are ready for installation. If they’re still a little bumpy or coarse, continue sanding before testing them again. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Cut-Corian", "language": "en"} |
How to Be Born Again | Being born again means giving up your old life to live a new life through Christ Jesus. Becoming a born again Christian might sound difficult, but God has made it easy for his faithful to come to him. By accepting Christ, you can come before God and be born again. If you want to be born again, start by becoming a Christian. Then, live your life for Jesus as best you can. Finally, you can grow your faith by attending church, reading the Bible, and praying.
1. **Believe in God and his son Jesus Christ.** Before you can accept Jesus, you must first believe. Christians believe God created the heavens and the earth. When Adam and Eve ate the fruit of the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil, mankind became cursed with original sin. However, God sent down his son Jesus Christ to die for everyone’s sins, granting forgiveness.
John 3:16 reads, “For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.” By believing in Jesus, you can gain eternal life by going to Heaven.
2. **Accept Jesus Christ as your personal savior.** As a born again Christian, you will also accept Jesus into your heart as your personal savior. You are acknowledging that Jesus died for your sins and, through him, you are made righteous before God. It’s very easy to accept Jesus! You just need to believe and pray to him, asking him into your heart.
Here’s an example prayer: “Dear Lord Jesus, I know I am a sinner, but you died for those sins. I welcome you into my heart as my personal savior. Thank you for dying for my sins so that I can be forgiven. In your name I pray, Amen.”
You can find many example prayers online.
3. **Repent for your sins.** Repenting means to feel regret and remorse for your sins. Essentially, you’re acknowledging that you did wrong and are sorry for it. You can repent by telling God in prayer that you know you sinned and are very sorry for it. In the future, do your best to avoid sinning, as part of regret is trying to do better.
Say, “God, I know I have sinned. I am very sorry for the things I’ve done wrong and want to do better through you. Thank you for forgiving all of my mistakes. In the name of Christ I pray, Amen.”
4. **Join a church if you want a religious community.** Some Christians believe you don't need to join a church to be a born again Christian, while others believe you must. Joining a church can help you learn more about the Bible, connect with other believers, and grow in your faith. It's a good idea to visit a few churches before you pick one to join.
As an alternative, you can watch religious services on TV or online.
5. **Get baptized by an ordained minister.** You can find a minister at a local church. Baptism is very important for being born again. The minister will dunk you underwater, then bring you back up. It symbolizes passing away and re-emerging from the water a new person. Through it, you are born again.
Mark 16:16 reads, "He that believes and is baptized shall be saved, and he that disbelieves shall be condemned."
How and where you are baptized will depend on your church. You may be baptized in a tub inside the church, or you might be baptized in a lake or other waterway.
Some churches will only baptize you if you are a member. You could join the church, or you could look for a church that does not require membership.
6. **Receive the Holy Spirit by welcoming Him into your heart.** The Holy Spirit is a comforter sent by God after Jesus left the earth. You will also receive the gifts and fruits of the Holy Spirit, which help you be a stronger Christian. All you need to do to receive the Holy Spirit is to welcome Him into your life, such as through prayer.
Say, “I welcome the Holy Spirit into my life, Amen.”
The 9 fruits of the spirit include love, joy, peace, longsuffering, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self control.
The 9 gifts of the spirit include knowledge, wisdom, prophecy, faith, healing, working miracles, discerning of spirits, speaking in tongues (holy languages), and interpretation of tongues (holy languages).
7. **Avoid giving in to sinful desires.** Everyone sins, but it’s important to try your best to not give in to sin. Do your best to always do the right thing by modeling your actions on Jesus.
Read your Bible and attend church to learn more about how to turn away from sin. For example, don’t lie, steal, cheat, murder, or commit sins of the flesh.
Romans 8:9 reads, “You, however, are controlled not by the sinful nature (the flesh), but in the Spirit, if so be that the Spirit of God dwell in you." Remind yourself that you do have control over yourself!
8. **Ask for forgiveness when you sin.** It’s normal to commit sins, even when you’re trying not to. This is why God offers forgiveness through Jesus! As long as you admit your sin, express regret, and try not to do it again, God will forgive you.
Pray, “God, I know I have sinned again. I’m so sorry and will try my best not to do it again. Thank you for offering forgiveness through Jesus. In Christ’s name I pray, Amen.”
9. **Humble yourself to Jesus.** Give up your pride and admit that you are small before Jesus. He is “the way, the truth, and the life.” Without Jesus, you are lost. Although you can pray to God without Jesus, you are not "saved" and born again unless you accept Jesus Christ, according to the Christian faith.
John 14:6 reads, “Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me.” You need Jesus in order to gain access to God because you must pray in his name, so recognize his power.
10. **Volunteer to help others.** In Philippians 1:22, the Bible directs you to have fruitful labor. Volunteering is a great way to achieve this! Plus, you’ll be helping others, which Jesus instructed his disciples to do.
For example, volunteer at a soup kitchen or food bank, visit people who are in the hospital, raise money for the less fortunate, or help out at a shelter.
11. **Forgive those who have wronged you.** Just as God forgives you, you must forgive others. Don’t carry grudges against people who have hurt you. Instead, offer forgiveness and pray for them.
Say, “God, I forgive Sam for stealing my money. Please give him your mercy.”
12. **Count your blessings.** Your blessings are all of the good things in your life, such as your family, friends, health, talents, etc. You can count them in your mind or write them down on paper. This helps you recognize all of the great things God has given you, and it helps you keep a positive outlook on life.
For instance, you might keep a gratitude journal! Every day, write down 3-5 things you’re grateful for.
13. **Remember you are not alone in this world.** Everyone goes through hard times. When you’re struggling with something, you can turn to Jesus! Don’t despair when times are tough because Jesus is walking with you. Rely on your faith to carry you through.
Use prayer to ask for comfort. Say, “Jesus, I need your strength right now.”
Connect with other people in your religious community for support and assistance through your difficult times.
Life won’t all of a sudden get better, but you can use your faith as a comfort.
14. **Share your beliefs** Most born again Christians want to share their faith with others, welcoming them into the church. Tell others about Jesus and how your faith has helped you, then invite them to come to church with you. However, keep in mind that they may have their own beliefs, which you should respect.
If someone tells you they aren’t interested, don’t press the issue. You wouldn’t want them to push their views on you.
Consider your life as an example for Christ. If you show others how Jesus has blessed you, they may be more open to joining you in church.
You can connect with people of other religions because we have many things in common as human beings.
Do not focus on the fact the other person is not a Christian. Try to find things you share.
Think whether you like the same sports or vacation destinations and have similar career goals or hobbies.
15. **Go to regular church services.** It’s best to go at least once a week, but many churches offer extra services. If you’re new to Christianity, you might choose to go several times a week. Not only will going to church help you learn more about what it means to be Christian, it will also help you find a religious community for yourself.
For example, you might go to church every Sunday morning.
Look for a church where you feel welcome. You can also prioritize finding a church that has groups for people your age.
16. **Read your Bible at least one day a week.** You can find many translations of the Bible, so choose one that you understand. Make a habit of reading your Bible regularly, such as every Sunday evening. This will help you learn scripture.
You might also choose to work through devotional books, which can help you develop your faith. You can find these in the religious section of the bookstore.
17. **Join a Bible study group.** Your church may offer a Bible study group, but you can also look for one on a site like Meetup.com. Bible study helps you learn more about the Word of God so you can deepen your faith and live your life according to scripture. Most Bible study groups meet weekly.
Your Bible study group can also be a great place to make friends who share your beliefs!
18. **Pray often.** Prayer allows you to connect with God, so you should do it at least once a day. However, you might pray several times throughout the day.
Don’t just ask for stuff through prayer. Give God thanks and acknowledge his presence.
For example, “God, thank you for this beautiful sunrise and for giving me another day on this earth,” or “God, I felt your presence today in the doctor’s office. Thank you for giving me strength.” | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Be-Born-Again", "language": "en"} |
How to Create a Dungeons and Dragons Campaign | Being the Dungeon Master (DM) of your own Dungeons and Dragons campaign requires some preparation and attention to detail. However, using the in-game mechanics of D&D will provide you the perfect stage for your homebrew campaign. After you establish the basic parameters, you can really dig in to creating your campaign in earnest. Then you can add depth to your campaign as you see fit.
1. **Determine the scope of your campaign.** Your campaign might be a one-off where you journey through a dungeon to slay a monster in a single session, but longer campaigns could require several sessions of play time before they're finally done. If you're trying to create a one-off, aim for simple goals for the players. Larger scope games usually involve some kind of intrigue or overarching goal of an enemy.
Some classic themes for campaigns include treasure hunting, saving the kingdom from danger, and slaying deadly monsters.
If you want a truly epic campaign, you might send players on a crusade into hostile lands. This kind of setting provides plenty of opportunities for combat.
Beginners may want to start with simple, one session campaigns to get the hang of DMing before moving to more complex ones.
2. **Identify the conflict of your campaign.** The conflict of your campaign can be simple and direct, or it could be less obvious. A simple conflict might involve players being charged with the extermination of an evil wizard. A more complicated conflict might require players to discover a secret plot to overthrow the king.
Without conflict in your campaign, characters might feel at a loss for what to do. By having a definite conflict for players to contend with, this sense of aimlessness will be less likely to occur.
If you plan on pitting player characters against an antagonist like a villain, it might help you to come up with a list of immediate and long-term goals for that villain. This way, you'll have a better idea of what the antagonist is doing at any point in the campaign.
3. **List the non-player characters, if applicable.** Non-player characters, also called NPCs, are an important part of many D&D campaigns. NPCs often guide characters throughout your campaign by offering advice and hints. When listing the NPCs in your campaign, it can help to write a short description for each one. This way, you can easily remember where that NPC is coming from and how they will interact with player characters.
NPCs are also a powerful way you can make your campaign seem more realistic. It's only natural that other non-player characters populate cities, towns, and farms in your campaign.
Common NPCs players might encounter in your game include kings, queens, princes, princesses, dukes, duchesses, counts, countesses, barons, mayors, governors, knights, lieutenants, generals, shopkeepers, merchants, innkeepers, guilds, craftspeople, and more.
4. **Imagine the setting clearly.** Since you as the DM will be describing the setting to players over the course of the game, it's a good idea to have a concrete idea of what kind of environment your campaign takes place in. Try to engage all five senses when you do so to make it easier for players to become immersed.
Many beginner D&D players overlook small details, like light. In a cave or dungeon, it's unlikely there will be much natural light. Be sure you remember to include this detail when running your campaign.
It may help you to imagine your setting better if you write down the sensory perceptions for each location ahead of time.
5. **Devise your plot.** Central to your plot should be whatever you have chosen as the conflict for your campaign. Plot can roughly be defined as the action that will occur no matter what the player characters do. These events will help to draw players into the story and entangle them with it.
An example of a plot point might be something like the assassination of an important NPC, like a queen or duke.
Natural disasters are often times used as plot points with built-in conflict. These can be paired with a magical disturbance, like the meddling of an evil wizard, to create an interesting plot.
It can be useful to plan consequences even for unlikely player actions. For example, if a player chooses not to fulfill a quest, you might have the kingdom hunt the player down as a criminal.
6. **Draw your field(s) of battle.** This could be anything from a ruined temple to an underground cavern. Your drawing doesn't have to be a work of art, but having it as a point of reference will help player characters coordinate action when battle begins.
Simple shapes and labels work well when drawing a battle map. You might use squares to represent boxes, triangles to represent trees, and circles for boulders.
It can take some time to draw your field of battle. To ensure the game is uninterrupted, you may want to draw your map before running your campaign.
If you have player characters fighting in several different settings, you may have to draw several battle maps for your campaign.
In some cases player characters may have important actions to fulfill in a town or city. Drawing a map for this kind of "social battle" can help players visualize things better. Most towns in D&D have at least a shop, tavern, and inn.
7. **Establish the environment.** There may be things in the environment, like plants or animals, that influence how characters act. For example, characters might use the vines of a jungle to create ropes to climb a cliff. You don't have to create an entire ecosystem, but a few features of your own invention will give your setting a unique appeal all its own. Each campaign will be different, but you may want to list as many concrete details as you find necessary.
If there are violent or dangerous creatures active in your setting at night time, like wolves, bears, lions, or similar creatures, it might be important for players to set watch at night. If they fail to do so, you might come up with consequences, like supplies being eaten.
You might base your environment off one that already exists on earth, like a jungle, forest, desert, or cave. You might even use one developed in a previous game you have played.
8. **Set traps and account for unsafe terrain.** Many of the environments explored by player characters will be dangerous or decayed. You should take this into consideration when planning. For example, you might have rotten flooring crumble beneath a player if they step on a certain space, or you might have enemies set traps ahead of time for unwanted guests.
Some examples of common traps include pitfalls, chambers that fill with water, arrow traps, and falling rocks.
Crumbling ledges, rotten trees, rotten flooring, loose rocks, and slippery surfaces are common terrain hazards.
9. **Set your challenge rating.** The challenge rating (CR) is a number given to establish the difficulty player characters will have with a beast or enemy. If the CR is higher than the level of player characters, it poses a serious threat. Beginning players may want to start with a low challenge rating.
The information of many monsters, beasts, and other enemies are available online. These online bestiaries often come with CR, base stats, and some flavor text describing the creature.
In some cases, you may not know how to stat a certain creature you've created for your homebrew campaign. In this situation, you might give your creature the same stats as a similar, pre-existing creature.
10. **Populate and stat enemies, if applicable.** Enemies could include monsters, wild animals, enemy NPCs, gods, and more. If there are enemies in your campaign, you'll need to choose what they are and stat them accordingly. Stats will help you determine the dice rolls of these enemies when player characters encounter them.
Plan the position of enemy units on your battle map so you have a rough idea of how the action will take place once the battle begins.
11. **Establish the starting point of your campaign.** You'll need some kind of conceit to bring all the player characters together in a party. Oftentimes, characters will begin their adventure having just met in a tavern, or the characters could have been called to help the kingdom by an important NPC, like a king, governor, duke, or mayor.
A mysterious person may have sent all the player characters a message to meet outside a cave. This way, you might tie some other aspect of the plot in with its beginning.
12. **Include deities in your game.** You may want to incorporate invented religions in your game to create a more immersive setting for players. Some versions of D&D even require certain kinds of characters to say prayers once a day to be able to use their special abilities. For example, a priest might not be able to heal a friend without saying prayers.
Evil gods and their followers are often a compelling point of conflict player characters will have to contend with throughout your campaign.
You could create your own group of gods using the D&D model as your basis. This model can be found in the core D&D books or online.
Many experienced DMs have posted well thought out and nuanced pantheons of gods for other players to use online.
13. **Give your campaign a backstory.** This way you'll be able to answered any detailed questions players ask over the course of your campaign. However, you should be careful not to spend too much time over planning. It's very common for players to miss details that you may have spent hours coming up with.
Important NPCs often interact with player characters. In these cases, it can be difficult coming up with dialogue on the spot. Having a backstory for these NPCs may help you with this.
The region your campaign takes place in may be feeling the effects of a significant event in the past, like a war or natural disaster. These details can help you establish the tone of your campaign.
14. **Add in side quests.** This is a nice way of giving players a feeling of free-will in your game. Side quests can include small tasks, like delivering a letter, or more time consuming endeavors, like hunting and trapping a monster loose on the plains.
Many games require a special quest item, like a rare kind of metal, to create a powerful weapon or relic. You might use this conceit for one of your side quests.
15. **Invent unique, setting appropriate gear.** Different settings will often call for different kinds of equipment. For example, if your setting takes place in rugged mountains, NPCs and towns will likely have ropes, climbing gear, and so on. Mountain towns might also have access to rare metals for powerful weapons. Plains villages, on the other hand, might have plenty of healing items and farming tools, but not much weaponry.
You might include one or two important cultural items to tie in the story of your setting with NPCs. As an example, your setting might have people that worship a god of flight, and all NPCs might wear feathered necklaces to indicate their faith.
When coming up with environment specific equipment, ask yourself, "What would this environment require for one to survive?" Arid cultures will likely value water highly, but polar climates will prioritize shelter, warmth, and snow tools.
16. **Keep NPCs in character.** While running your campaign, you may be tempted to adjust the actions of NPCs to make things more interesting. However, this can result in players feeling like you are manipulating events. Try to play NPCs as though they are independent from you and do not share your knowledge of the campaign. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Create-a-Dungeons-and-Dragons-Campaign", "language": "en"} |
How to Prune Heather | Heathers, or calluna vulgaris, are popular and resilient flowering plants that require little upkeep. At the start of their blooming seasons, heathers will continue to grow from their old, withered stems unless they are pruned. By using the right tools for the job and shaping the plant, you too can have beautiful flowers throughout the year!
1. **Prune annually in the early spring after the last frost.** Heathers will either bloom in the winter or the summer, but it’s recommended to keep any past blooms attached throughout the winter to protect the roots. Start pruning after the risk of frost has passed so the stems of your heathers do not suffer any damage.
You can prune summer blooms in the fall if you live in a warmer climate.
Winter heathers are cut after they have bloomed, while summer blooms are being cut before they start to grow.
If you live in the United States, you can use your ZIP code to estimate the last expected frost date in your area here: https://garden.org/apps/frost-dates/
2. **Use hand shears for smaller heathers.** Opt for shears that have a spring in them so it is less stressful on your hands. If you want to have more control over which blooms you cut, hold the bloom with your non-dominant hand and make a cut with hand shears.
Make sure your shears are sharp before you use them so you can make the cleanest cut.
3. **Shape large beds of heather with hedge shears.** Long-handled shears will work best. Hold the hedges shears near the ends of the handle to control them the easiest. Open and close the shears so they make a snapping noise with each cut.
Hedge shears can be purchased at garden and home care stores.
For added grip, wear gardening gloves while you use the hedge shears.
4. **Disinfect your shears with rubbing alcohol before and after each plant.** Rub your shears with a cloth soaked in rubbing alcohol to clean them. Repeating this process before and after each plant will prevent the spread of any disease or fungus.
You can also make a cleaning solution using 9 parts water and 1 part chlorine bleach. Soak the shears for 30 minutes before drying them off and using them.
Heathers are resilient to most common plant diseases, but it’s still good practice to clean your gardening tools.
5. **Remove old blooms that are withered and yellow.** The old blooms will be at the top and edges of your plant and are attached to green stems. Anything brown or yellow should be removed from your plant so new blooms have room to grow.
6. **Make angled cuts about 1 inch (2.5 cm) below the old bloom stalks.** The old blooms will look dry and withered on top of green stems. Hold the end of the dead bloom with one hand and use your shears to make an angled cut to reduce the risk of fungal infection or disease. You can remove up to one-third of the plant this way.
You don’t have to be precise with the angle you cut, as long as water is able to run off the end of the stem.
Annual pruning will help prevent a bald spot from forming in the middle of your plant.
7. **Don’t cut into the woody area of your heathers or it will not grow back.** Only make your cuts into the green stems of your plant. If you cut too far down into brown and barren wood, blooms will not regenerate from the stem.
If your plant has a bald spot, new blooms will not form in that area. Replace the entire plant if you want it to bloom fully.
8. **Lift the tops of the plant to trim the undergrowth and prevent spreading.** Lift up the tops of the plant up with one hand while you cut the stems with the other. Plants that grow too close to one another will compete for resources, producing fewer blooms and possibly harming your plant.
If you don’t want heather to intrude on other plants, you can cut into woody parts of the plant to prevent it from growing in that direction. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Prune-Heather", "language": "en"} |
How to Enjoy a Blackberry | There are many ways to enjoy blackberries. Along with eating them alone, they can be used in jams, jellies, and mixed with other fruits. You can combine other ingredients like yoghurt and seeds to create a delicious and healthy summer dish. It can be difficult selecting and preparing blackberries, but doing it right can lead to a flavorful experience.
1. **Shop for blackberries.** There are plenty of different ways to obtain blackberries. Some people prefer to go to their local grocery store, while others prefer picking them straight off the bushes at pick-your-own location or even just in the local area where they may how wild.
Some people can taste a difference between organic and non-organic blackberries. Organic fruits can offer added health benefits. Non-organic blackberries use pesticides to keep the bugs away, and preservatives to prevent mold from growing.
2. **Ensure the blackberries are ripe.** In the grocery store, blackberries most often come in clear plastic containers pre-picked, with holes on the container for air to pass through. It’s best to check all around the container at all sides of the visible blackberries to avoid choosing a container with moldy berries on the bottom.
When picking from the bushes in hedgerows or on a farm, look for fully ripe, blackberries with no mold. Blackberries do not ripen after they're picked.
Blackberries are seasonal fruits that peak in the summertime in the United States and in Autumn in the UK and elsewhere in world. When not in season, you have to look carefully for signs of unripe blackberries.
3. **Avoid moldy or unripe berries.** Although other fruits like bananas and avocados may be safe to pick before they’re fully ripe, blackberries will just remain unripe and unappetizing. Some signs of moldy or unripe blackberries include:
Temperature. (Berries mold more quickly when left at room temperature.)
Fuzzy growths on the berries.
Dis-colorization.
Bruising or dents in the fruit.
Soft spots and wrinkles.
Leaky juices.
4. **Prevent mold from forming on the blackberry over time.** If you don’t use all the blackberries at once, then the berries can spoil very quickly. Leaving berries out at room temperature can cause them to mold overnight.
Leave only 1-2 days’ worth of berries in the refrigerator. They’ll spoil after that.
If you want to keep more for longer periods of time, you can freeze blackberries for several months without air. (Be sure to wash them first!)
Wash the berries right before you are about to consume them. Once they're washed, berries are more likely to go bad.
5. **Rinse each blackberry thoroughly with water just before use.** It’s also wise to rinse the blackberry before freezing them, too. If you rinse before storing them in the refrigerator, you risk allowing the berry to mold quicker.
Don’t press too hard while rinsing, as blackberries can be easy to squeeze.
6. **Try enhancing an entree or main dish with blackberries.** They can be enjoyed alone or on a salad. You can also create blackberry jams, jellies and preserves. Adding blackberries to yoghurt can also enhance the taste of a plain but healthy dish.
You can find more recipes and uses for blackberries on recipe sites such as Allrecipes.
7. **Eat blackberries raw.** You can start by taking a small bite out of the side of the berry, and work your way around the center, avoiding the seeds. The center and seeds of blackberries can be bitter to some.
Alternatively, you can put the whole blackberry in your mouth and enjoy the full taste, including the center and the seeds.
For the most health benefits, eat the entire blackberry. Blackberries are very high in Vitamin C and other essential nutrients.
8. **Create a blackberry jam.** If you have some blackberries left over, you can easily make a blackberry jam with leftover or frozen berries. Sometimes, it can be easy as mashing up the leftover berries and using them on toast.
Berry jams can be made from virtually any berries. All you need is a pot, stove, mason jar, berries and sugar. Place the berries and 1 1/2 cups of sugar in the pot over medium heat, and watch until the sugar dissolves. Leave the jam to simmer for 15 minutes, then remove it from the heat.
9. **Enjoy a blackberry as part of a fruit salad.** Many times, blackberries can complement a fruit salad alongside blueberries, strawberries and raspberries. You can add mangos and cantaloupe for more color and a different texture. This dish is nutritious and refreshing, especially in the summertime.
You can add blackberries to nonfat yoghurt and muesli, or just put them on top of a crumpet with a dollop of yoghurt. Blackberries can naturally sweeten and enhance your breakfast or mid-morning snack.
Remember, you can enjoy the blackberry whole, or eat around the center or the seeds if you want to avoid a bitter aftertaste.
10. **Bake a blackberry pie.** Similar to apple or strawberry pies, blackberries can be used as a primary ingredient for a summertime dessert pie. Add some whipped cream and enjoy as you would any other fruit pies.
Most recipes for blackberry pies are as simple as blackberries, sugar, flour, milk, and pie crust. Combining the berries, sugar and flour into the pie shell and placing it in the oven for 15-35 minutes can emerge a wonderfully baked blackberry pie. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Enjoy-a-Blackberry", "language": "en"} |
How to Identify a Mourning Dove | Aspiring ornithologists or even those looking to get into amateur bird watching should know how to identify Mourning Doves. These birds are common throughout North America (except for the northern regions of Canada) and are known for their distinctive call and relatively ordinary appearance. There are several ways to positively identify a Mourning Dove.
1. **Check the bird's coloring.** Mourning Doves have a tan or grayish-brown body, with slightly lighter coloring on their chests. Their wings have several dark spots on them, often nearly black; tail feathers are usually somewhat darker than their body color, with white tips and edges.
Head feathers often differ between adult males and females, with males having a bluish tint to theirs and females having a pinkish hue; however, these patterns sometimes overlap.
In addition to feather coloring, Mourning Doves can also be identified by their dark brown or black beak, their bright reddish-pink feet, and the light turquoise flesh around their eyes.
2. **Look at the bird's size.** Adult Mourning Doves range from about 23 to 34 cm (approximately 9 to 13.5 inches) in length from beak to tip of the tail, with females slightly shorter than males by a few centimeters; most Mourning Doves come in at around 12 inches in length. Common weight ranges are between 86 and 170 grams (again, with males being heavier than females).
An adult Mourning Dove's wingspan is around 45 cm.
3. **Assess the bird's body shape and proportions.** Mourning Doves are often described as having a round head that looks too small for its body. These birds are rather slender overall and delicate in appearance, with a smooth body profile from head to tail and a round chest.
The Mourning Dove's beak is tapered and sharp at the tip; its length is only about a third the depth of the bird's head.
The Mourning Dove has relatively short legs for its body size, even when fully extended.
4. **Check out the bird's tail.** Mourning Doves have a distinctive tail, which is very long and tapers to a point. This is one of the features that can be used to easily distinguish between Mourning Doves and some of their close relatives (such as other birds in the dove family), as no other North American dove has this feature.
The Mourning Dove's pointed tail does not fan out during flight, landings, or while the bird is standing still.
5. **Note your geographical location.** Mourning Doves can be found in habitats extending from southern Central America into southern Canada and all over the contiguous United States. They are also found on the Caribbean and Hawaiian islands, but their exact range varies with climate and terrain.
Mourning doves generally avoid very cold climates, which is why they are not likely to be found in extreme northern regions.
Mourning doves are not likely to be found in extreme desert environments because there is nothing for them to eat there.
6. **Observe the time of year.** With a few exceptions, Mourning Doves are seasonally migratory birds, meaning that their habitats and geographical locations change with the time of year. You may have no luck finding these birds in the winter season in places with harsh winter temperatures.
Mourning Doves are only found in Canada during the summer breeding season when temperatures are warmest. Conversely, they are found in Central America in greatest numbers during winter, when northern temperatures are colder; however, in their southernmost range many do not migrate north in the summer.
In the Rocky Mountain region of the U.S., Mourning Dove occupation is limited to more southern latitudes than in other regions of the U.S.
7. **Consider environmental conditions.** Mourning Doves are not usually found in swamps or dense forests. These birds prefer to live in grasslands, brush fields, farm areas, and sparse forests. However, they can be found in high-elevation mountain habitats during the warmer months, so long as the vegetation is not too highly concentrated.
Though they are not commonly found in dense urban areas (except for city parks and areas with lots of bare ground), Mourning Doves can often be seen perching on telephone wires and similar overhead structures.
8. **Find nests loosely constructed of twigs and sticks.** Mourning Doves do not put much effort into their nests, so they are typically made of whatever vegetation can most easily be found nearby.
Mourning Dove nests can be found at various heights from the ground, ranging from the ground itself to high tree branches; they are not fond of dense tree canopies, however.
Often, the loose construction of the Mourning Dove's nest leaves gaps between twigs that are large enough that an observer can spot their eggs when the nest is viewed from below.
9. **Stick to lower elevation regions.** Although Mourning Doves have been known to nest (during the breeding season) at elevations up to 10,000 feet, your best bet for finding and identifying these birds is to look for them at lower elevations. This is due to these birds' preference for open areas without lots of dense trees or groundcover.
This is not likely to be a significant issue unless you are seeking Mourning Doves in extremely mountainous regions of Washington, California, or the Rocky Mountain states in the U.S.
10. **Listen for their mournful call.** Mourning Doves are given this name because their call sounds particularly sad, as if they are in mourning. The call is relatively quiet and follows the same pattern each time, which sounds like, "Oo-whoo, ooo-ooo-ooo," hitting its highest pitch on the "whoo" syllable.
This is the male Mourning Dove's mating call; other, similar sounds can also be heard coming from these birds, such as their warning call and the female's soft coo in response to a male's call.
These calls can most often be heard in the spring and summer seasons, during the Mourning Dove's breeding period.
11. **Look for nesting pairs.** Mourning Doves nest in pairs during their breeding season (during the spring and summer months) but migrate in flocks (during autumn and winter). If you are looking for these birds during the breeding season, you will most likely notice them hanging out in pairs, even if other Mourning Doves are present nearby.
Immature Mourning Doves often join flocks before the end of the breeding season, but are not joined by adult birds until the migration season approaches.
Mourning Doves sometimes feed in small groups during nesting periods.
12. **Assess the bird's flight.** Mourning Doves have a very smooth, swift flight, even from take-off. The path of a Mourning Dove's flight is usually more or less a straight line, with minimal swooping and swerving (except when necessary).
The rapid beating of the Mourning Dove's wings when it takes off produces a high-pitched whirring or whistling noise, which usually fades as the bird gains speed.
13. **Notice the bird's feeding habits.** Mourning Doves usually feed on seeds found on the ground. This is why these birds typically prefer open habitats with sparse vegetation. Mourning Doves often feed in agricultural fields due to the ease of finding grains and weed seeds there.
Because these birds are so common throughout the U.S., you are likely to see them in your own yard if you put up a bird seed feeder or spread seed on the ground. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Identify-a-Mourning-Dove", "language": "en"} |
How to Stay Cool in Warm Weather | Keeping cool in warm weather is a multi-faceted challenge. Risks of getting too hot in warm weather include dehydration, and a variety of heat-related illnesses, including heat stress, heat cramps, heat exhaustion, or even heat stroke. Keeping your body cool will also help to keep your mood calm too, for heat often exacerbates feelings of stress, tension and frustration. There are lots of simple and effective ways to stay cool in warm weather and most of them are very affordable.
1. **Stay hydrated.** Water is essential for keeping you cool during hot weather. Water keeps your body cool and should be drunk even if you don't feel thirsty. It's okay to also drink commercial waters (such as Vitamin Water) or sports drinks such as Powerade or Gatorade but they're usually not necessary unless you're deliberately replenishing lost vitamins/electrolytes following a sporting activity.
The best way to check your hydration level is to measure your urination color. Anything darker than straw colored is probably an indication that dehydration is on the horizon, and water is needed.
Stay away from sugary drinks such as sodas(even if they are sugar-free!); they decrease the ability of your body to store water. Also, steer clear of alcoholic drinks, coffee, and caffeinated drinks, which are natural diuretics.
2. **Don’t wait until you’re thirsty to drink.** Drink plenty of water before engaging in any activities. If you wait too late, you could experience cramps, which are a sign of heat-related illness. Remind yourself to drink water frequently with one of the following options.
Purchase a durable water bottle or water pack that you can tote everywhere and refill at any safe water tap.
Freeze a bottle of water to carry around with you. It'll be solid when you leave the house, but the heat will start melting it from the moment you take it out of the freezer. Wrap it in a towel to prevent water condensation affecting other items in your bag.
Download a water drinking app onto your phone. Set reminders, daily targets, and even track when the last time you had a drink.
3. **Choose cooling foods.** Food can keep you cool provided you make the right choices. Choose salads, fresh raw food, vegetables and fruit. “Cool as a cucumber” is literal; it is nearly 100% water, providing hydration to keep you cool. Avoid eating meat and protein-heavy foods during the heat of the day because these can increase metabolic heat production, which can add to loss of water.
It may seem counter-intuitive, but eating spicy peppers may help cool you off. They make you sweat, which provides a cooling sensation.
Smaller meals may also help keep your core temperature down. Large meals require the body to work harder breaking everything down.
4. **Make food without using the oven or stove.** Find foods that don’t need to be cooked, or don’t need heat to be cooked. If you must actually cook, keep the cool air in, and the temperature down, by using the microwave instead of the stove or oven. For example, you can microwave frozen vegetables and canned soup instead of cooking them on the stovetop.
Cold soups are great in warm weather. If you haven't tried them yet, hot weather is the excuse you need! The fact they are often healthy is just an added benefit.
Make popsicles, slushies, frozen fruit, frozen yogurt, and other frozen treats to help you cool down.
5. **Stay out of the sun while it's at its hottest.** This commonsense approach isn't always easy to adhere to when summer fun beckons, so it bears repeating. Avoid activities in the noonday sun as much as possible. It's best to limit your sun exposure between the hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. each day during warmer months. When you are outside during these times, limit your exposure as best as you possibly can.
Schedule activities early in the morning or later in the afternoon
Some people are particularly vulnerable to heat and should stay in cool places during hot weather, such as children, the elderly, obese, redheads, gingers, and those who have health problems.
6. **Wear sunscreen!** While sunscreen doesn’t necessarily have a cooling effect, its protective effect is vital during warmer weather. As well as being painful and damaging, sunburn can cause a fever and various signs of dehydration. If left unchecked, sunburns can lead to heat exhaustion or heat stroke.
At the minimum, use SPF 15. If you're planning on being outside for a while, SPF 30 would be a better option.
Reapply often. Every two hours is recommended, but it should be reapplied more often if you're swimming or sweating a lot.
Apply roughly a shot glass worth of sunscreen to cover the entire body.
7. **Stay in the shade.** Retreat to shade as much as possible. Taking breaks under trees works doubly well because trees release water into the air that absorbs some of the heat. While shade doesn’t lower the actual temperature, the lack of sunlight exposure makes it feel like the temperature is up to 15 degrees cooler.
If a cool breeze comes by, that can feel like an additional lowering of 5 degrees in the shade.
8. **Splash water on your skin.** When it’s hot and sunny outside, a dip in cool water is refreshing. Jumping into a pool is not always a choice. Don’t forget low-maintenance options like sprinklers. You could also try taking showers or baths with cooler than normal water to take the edge off.
Fill a spray bottle with pure water and place in the refrigerator at home or work. When you feel too hot, spray a fine mist of the cooled water over face and body to help cool you down quickly. Refill as needed and keep refrigerated.
Make a game of staying cool. Gather friends and run through sprinklers. Throw water balloons. Have a squirt gun battle.
9. **Wear lighter clothing.** Lightweight, loose-fitting clothing will help to keep you cooler. If it is light in color, it’s even better, as this will reflect the heat and sunlight better. Shorts and short sleeved shirts are good choices. Something that lets the air flow freely through, hitting the sweat on your body, works best. The following suggestions are specific ways clothing can maximize your ability to stay cool:
Cotton and linen clothing tends to keep you cool and absorb moisture.
Clothes you can hold up to the light and see through are great choices. Be sure to apply sunscreen when wearing really thin clothing, however, as the clothing doesn't provide adequate protection from the sun's harmful rays.
Synthetic clothing tends to trap moisture, which makes the fabric feel heavier, stick to your skin, and restrict air-flow.
Working in lower humidity settings with short sleeves has been shown to have a minor benefit. Weigh the options of UV exposure with your choice of clothing.
10. **Keep your head covered.** Wear a wide-brimmed hat, one that sufficiently covers the top of your scalp as well as the tops of your ears. This helps to keep you cooler by providing shade. Choose a brim that is wide enough that it can also cover the back of your neck.
Light-colored hats can help keep you cool.
11. **Wear breathable footwear.** Depending on the activity, one shoe could be more comfortable or appropriate than another. Consider whether arch support, durability, and comfort are mandatory, and then choose the best breathable footwear for the activity.
Cotton socks are great, but moisture wicking socks help your feet stay cooler.
Some running shoes are designed with the summer months in mind, providing ventilation in a variety of designs.
Be careful if you decide to go barefoot. Many artificial pavements become unbearably hot during warm weather and can scald your feet.
12. **Choose function over style.** Wear fewer accessories during hotter weather. Metallic accessories can heat up considerably and less is always best when it comes to keeping cool. Other clothing accessories can weigh clothing down, trapping in heat and moisture. If you have long hair, wear it up and off your face and body, allowing the breeze to flow along your neckline.
13. **Use fans.** While the efficacy of fans during extreme heat and humidity has been debated, some research suggests fans are beneficial up to 97 °F (36 °C) with 80% humidity, and 108 °F (42 °C) with nearly 50% humidity. Whether hand-held or electric, fans can keep you cool by continuously circulating air. In your home and office space, locate fans in rooms where you are working or resting to keep the air circulating freely and to reduce the mugginess of heat.
Try making your own "swamp cooler." These evaporative coolers can reduce temperature by significant amounts. They range from the simple (i.e. a bowl of chilled water in front of a fan) to the semi-complex. With just a few PVC pipes, a bucket, an electric fan, and a frozen gallon of water, you can create mid-40 °F (4 °C) wind. However, keep in mind that swamp coolers will not work with humid heat.
A fan should not be the primary source of cooling down in extremely hot weather. Fans work well, but only if the weather is not too hot.
14. **Use air conditioning.** Even if your home does not have central air, placing a small window air conditioner in one room of your home may help to keep it cool during the summer. For example, you could place the air conditioner in the room where you spend the most time, such as the living room, kitchen, or your bedroom.
You can also try running the air conditioner at the highest comfortable temperature to avoid racking up a high electricity bill.
Visit public buildings if you don't have adequate air-conditioning at home. A few possible locations to avoid the heat:
The library is a great place to get cool and learn new information.
Grocery stores are air conditioned well. And if it’s particularly hot, visit the freezer section and peruse for a while.
15. **Close curtains and blinds.** The sun’s rays convert to heat. However possible, you should block the rays coming into your house to keep the temperature down. Closing curtains, lowering shades, or even blocking windows can significantly reduce the heat in your house and keep it cool. Awnings work as well, because they keep the direct heat off the windows without blocking out all light.
16. **Minimize the effects of sunlight on your roof.** Changing the color of your roof can decrease the temperature in the house. Cooler colored roofs are approximately 50 degrees lower during hot summer months. You can put a special coating on your existing roof to lighten the color, or replace the traditional darker shingles with a lighter color.
If you are interested in getting a special treatment for your roof to reduce the temperature in your home, then contact a roofing professional to find out about your options. You might want to wait until you need to replace your roof to make these changes.
17. **Insulate well.** Better insulation means less heat in the summer. If your house is hot, you can cool down easier with better insulation. Less crevices and avenues for the air to escape means the cool air stays inside.
Ensure there is some air between insulation and roofing material.
18. ** Plan ahead** Whatever you're doing outdoors, having a plan will help cut down on unnecessary activity in the heat. By having a plan, you can set time limits on your exposure to the heat and plan ways to minimize the effects of the heat before you head into it each day. Always be sure to stick to your time limits by prioritizing and leaving less important things to be finished when it's cooler.
When hiking, study the map at the beginning of the day, and calculate the best route, especially one that makes the most of shade where possible.
While swimming, monitor your time in the pool. You may think there is minimal sun exposure because of the cooling effect of the water, but staying in too long without reapplying sunscreen or taking a break could lead to sunburn.
If you have to travel a lot during hot days in your vehicle, plan ahead by having your vehicle inspected and ensuring that your air-conditioning is in working order. When you notice the temps aren’t as frigid as you’d like, take it in for service. The car is likely low on Freon.
19. **Check local weather or news for updates.** As part of your planning, spend time watching the weather forecasts. In the USA, NOAA produces a heat alert based on Heat Index Values. The importance of this measure is that it tells you how hot it will feel outdoors when the relative humidity has been factored in with the actual air temperature. Be aware that heat index values are devised for shady areas and light wind conditions. If you're under full sunshine and in the presence of strong winds, the heat factor can increase by up to 15 °F (−9 °C).
20. **Allow yourself time to acclimatize if traveling.** Travelers often make the mistake of trying to maintain normal levels of activity when arriving in a country warmer than the one they've left. Acclimatization can take up to 10 days depending on the temperature difference. Rather than pushing yourself, give yourself time to acclimatize to the new warmer environment, which means minimizing physical activity until the heat feels more tolerable.
Once you feel more comfortable in the heat, gradually build up your physical activities until you're back to your normal level.
21. **Pace yourself when working in the heat.** Slow down, it's not worth pushing yourself strenuously when it's hot outside. Start and progress gradually, noting when the heat is really affecting you. Rest is an important way of coping with too much heat. Don't deny yourself the opportunity to rest when you feel fatigued during warm weather.
Things that require a lot of physical effort can be done early in the morning or later in the day. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Stay-Cool-in-Warm-Weather", "language": "en"} |
How to Bowl a Leg Break | A leg-break in cricket is a difficult technique which involves turning a right-handed pitch from the leg side of a right-handed batsman. A leg break can be incredibly successful if bowled correctly.
1. **Position your fingers.** Hold the ball between your index and middle fingers. Slot the ball between these fingers, so they’re split wide but comfortably and the seam runs between them horizontally. Bend your ring and little fingers, so the inside of your ring finger touches against the side of the ball. Your little finger should rest along your ring finger.
“Two fingers down and two fingers up” is a quick way to remember the grip. Your index and middle fingers are straight and point “up,” while your ring and little fingers are bent and point “down.”
2. **Keep a small gap between the ball and your palm.** Make sure there is space between your palm and the ball. If it is pushed too far into your palm, then you won’t have the leverage you need to properly spin it. Your wrist and middle finger will do all of the work.
3. **Keep a loose grip.** Holding the ball too tight also prevents you from getting the right leverage and from controlling the spin. Let it gently rest between your middle and index fingers, with your thumb held close to the index finger but off the ball. Your whole hand will give the ball motion, but only these contact points will give it rotation and curve. Keeping your grip loose allows for more freedom of motion when you spin it.
4. **Get your wrist in position.** Bend your wrist at a 90-degree angle to prepare your delivery, so that if you put your arm straight down and flat at your side, the palm of your hand (and the ball) face upwards. Holding your wrist at this angle will allow you to quickly rotate the ball from right to left when you release it. Remember that the leg break’s rotation comes from the motion of the wrist and middle finger, so set your wrist so you’ll be able to cock it correctly.
5. **Line your feet, hips, and shoulders up with the target.** Aligning the left side of your body with your target. This will help you aim and control your approach. It will also allow you to gather momentum when you rotate your body when you throw the ball.
6. **Set your approach and run up at a slight angle.** Get your stance ready for your approach. Your run up cannot too straight nor too angled. Either extreme will prevent you from rotating the ball properly and from using your non-bowling arm for momentum.
7. **Use your non-bowling arm to steer.** Right before you bowl, lift and slice your non-bowling arm down hard in front of you. Use your arm and the left side of your body to give you more momentum. Let this motion draw your bowling shoulder forward.
8. **Rotate your body to the front.** Use the left side of your body to guide your motion. As you throw, bring your back foot around and step forward. At this point, bring your bowling arm up and over your head towards the front.
9. **Spin your wrist and ball from right to left as you release it.** The movement is generated from your middle finger as your wrist turns, so the ball makes a counter-clockwise motion upon release. If bowled correctly, the ball will bounce quickly to the left when it hits the ground (in the direction of its spin). The back of your hand facing you the whole time, and your palm ends facing downwards.
Your stride should be shoulder-length apart.
You should complete your follow-through with your bowling shoulder facing the target. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Bowl-a-Leg-Break", "language": "en"} |
How to Wear Finger Picks | Finger picks are typically used for playing a bluegrass style of banjo music, but they can also be used by guitar and autoharp players—along with other types of instruments. Picks usually come in metal or plastic and in different thicknesses. The type of finger pick you choose largely depends on your experience level and style of music. To use a finger pick, choose the right one for you, put it on, and adjust it to your liking so that you can start creating awesome music for everyone to enjoy.
1. **Wear the right size.** Finger picks usually come in a small, medium, or large size. Wearing a finger pick that is too large or small can be uncomfortable and affect the way you play. It's ideal to go to a music store to try on the finger pick. If that's not an option, look for a sizing chart online.
You should look for picks made for left hands if you are left-handed.
2. **Look at a variety of picks.** Some finger picks are as cheap as a dollar, but some can be as expensive as $35. It may seem tempting to go for the expensive one to assure a great sound, but that is not always the case. Cheap picks can often be just as good as expensive finger picks.
You may want to pay more if you'd prefer handcrafted metal finger picks.
3. **Choose metal for a louder sound.** It's okay to use metal or plastic picks, but metal picks are ideal if you are going for a specific sound. A metal pick will help you produce a louder and more precise sound. Metal may also be more durable if you play hard and very often.
4. **Go for plastic if you want a softer sound.** Plastic is softer than metal, so naturally, it creates a softer sound with more ease than a metal pick would. Plastic is also a good idea if you plan to make adjustments to your finger pick because they are fairly malleable.
It's also an option to combine plastic and metal fingers since people often wear three picks as they play.
5. **Use a thin finger pick at first.** Thinner picks are great for beginner players because they are lighter. This is good for people that aren't used to having picks on their fingers. They are also good because they are more flexible than thicker picks, and flexibility makes it easier to play. Thin picks aren't just for beginners though. They are good for achieving a delicate sound in your music.
6. **Wear a thicker pick for a fast playing style.** Thick picks are great for more advanced players that feel confident with controlling their finger picks. They are also ideal for the faster strumming that is common with banjo playing. You can also use thicker picks if you want a heavier sound.
7. **Place the pick on the end of your index finger.** You will typically have to adjust the finger pick or picks before playing. To do this, first put the finger pick on the end of your index finger. The collar of the finger pick should be between the end of your finger and the first joint. The part that picks the instrument should be facing down. Musicians will often wear three picks at a time. If that's the case, put the other two picks on your thumb and middle finger.
If you're wearing three picks, it's a good idea to use two metal picks and one plastic pick to get a range of sound.
The collar of the pick should not actually be on the joint of your finger.
8. **Form the pick to your finger.** First, hold both sides of the collar of the pick with your opposite index finger and thumb. Give the finger pick a squeeze. Squeeze the pick until the pick is snug, but not too tight on your finger.
The finger pick should extend slightly past the end of your finger.
9. **Try to bend the blade if you want the pick to curve with your finger.** You don't have to do this if you are happy with the way the pick fits. If you want the pick to bend with the curve of your finger, you will need to bend the blade. You can do this by pushing the end of the pick on a hard surface, like a table, while wearing it.
It may be more difficult to bend the pick if it is pretty thick.
10. **Move the pick to fit at a slight angle.** This will allow you to hit the strings of your instrument at a straighter angle. A straight angle will give your music a fuller sound. If the pick isn't too tight, you should be able to move it to a slight angle. The pick should cover half of the tip of your finger if it is angled correctly.
11. **Reduce scraping noises in a plastic pick by heating the tip.** This works best with the pick you wear on your thumb. Hold the pick with a pair of pliers. Dip the flat edge of the pick in boiling water, and hold it there for 10 seconds. Then, take it out of the water and twist the edge slightly while it's hot. This will make the edge of the pick flat against the string, reducing the scraping noise.
12. **Keep the metal pick clean to avoid scraping sounds.** Scraping sounds will happen with metal picks, but you can reduce how often this happens by cleaning them. Use a soft cloth or chamois, which is soft leather. Use the cloth to rub the surface of the pick to keep dirt from building up.
It's also good to keep the strings clean so the pick doesn't hit a dirty surface. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Wear-Finger-Picks", "language": "en"} |
Drinking for the First Time at a Party: 11 Ways to Have Fun and Stay Safe | Ah, alcohol. Plenty of people attend parties without drinking, but sometimes a little alcohol can help you relax and enjoy socializing even more! On the flip side, alcohol can be stronger, more unpleasant, or even more dangerous than you might expect. Don't worry though—just be careful to follow these smart drinking practices, and you'll be all set to have a safe and fun time when you attend your next party.
1. **High-protein food is a great choice before a night of drinking.** Alcohol can hit you much faster on an empty stomach. If you eat a full meal beforehand, you'll have a better time and be able to control how drunk you get. High-protein foods like meat, tofu, cheese, or nuts are best for this. Keep snacking while you're at the party too.
If you're short on time, pack a couple of protein bars to eat on the way to the party.
Salty snacks can make you thirsty. That's fine as long as you respond by drinking water, not booze.
2. **Sip your drink slowly even if you can't taste the alcohol.** Beer or wine can taste kind of nasty your first time, so you'll probably enjoy a cocktail more. (That's juice or soda mixed with a hard liquor like rum.) But don't get carried away—even if it's delicious, it can still have a lot of alcohol in it. It's totally fine to take an hour to sip your way through a drink. That's about as fast as your body can process it.
Don't feel pressured to keep up with other drinkers. One or two drinks is plenty to have fun. It's also good to think of "one drink" as roughly a can of beer—a cocktail or a large glass of beer can easily have as much booze as two or three drinks, so take those slow.
Sweet bottled drinks like alcopops and wine coolers are usually weaker than cocktails (about 5% alcohol, like beer), but can also be easy to drink too quickly because of their flavor.
For your first time drinking, you definitely want to avoid drinking hard liquor alone as "shots." These get you drunk very quickly, and can be strong and unpleasant if you're not used to them.
3. **Alcohol makes you relaxed, excited, and confused.** Even before you finish one drink, you can reach the "tipsy" stage, when most people feel a bit more relaxed, confident, and happy. If you keep drinking, this can turn into excitement, mood swings, and confusion. Once you're past the tipsy stage, you'll notice stronger physical effects as well—talking, hearing, seeing, and moving all get more difficult the drunker you are.
Drinking slowly and waiting between drinks helps you stay in the earlier stages. Most people process about 1 drink per hour, so if you wait 1 hour after each drink, you're less likely to get too intoxicated.
If your face and neck start to turn warm and red right after you drink, you might have alcohol intolerance. This is fairly common, especially among people with East Asian genes. It's best to stop drinking right away and see how you respond, as even a little alcohol can cause unpleasant side effects like nausea or a fast heart rate.
4. **Drink a glass of water, juice, or soda after each glass of booze.** Every time you finish a drink, pour yourself a tall glass of something non-alcoholic. This gives your body time to process the alcohol you just drank, so you can see how you feel before you decide to drink more. It also keeps you hydrated, so you don't end up reaching for another beer just because you're thirsty.
5. **Punch bowls and mysterious drinks can have way too much alcohol or worse.** That mixed drink that tastes like pineapple and energy drink? You have no idea what's in it, but at most parties you can bet it's strong. Your first time drinking should be a fun but careful experience, and that means knowing what you're drinking, not throwing up because you drank expired orange juice mixed with bathtub moonshine.
Unfortunately, people also slip drugs into unattended drinks too often to not treat it as a real possibility. Only accept drinks that are mixed or opened right in front of you.
6. **Use spoons or plastic cup lines to guide your cocktail making.** Another partygoer might make you a drink much stronger than you'll enjoy. Instead, mix yourself a slightly weak drink that you'll enjoy more. This is easy if you're using an American plastic party cup—just pour the liquor (vodka, for instance) up to the lowest line on the cup, then add juice or soda to fill at least half the cup. If you don't have those cups around, see if you can find an ordinary kitchen spoon—one or two of those is enough for a weak mixed drink.
If there are no spoons, you can eyeball it with the bottlecap instead. There's no standard size for bottlecaps, but 2 bottlecaps full (or a little less) is usually about right.
7. **If politely refusing doesn't work, go get something non-alcoholic.** Dealing with peer pressure is an important part of staying safe at parties. You always have the right to say "no thank you" to a drink offer, and should never accept just to be polite. If someone keeps pressuring you, make a vague excuse ("I have too much to do tomorrow"), or say "I'll go get myself something" and pour yourself a glass of juice or water.
This also goes for offers to "top up" your drink before you've finished, which make it hard to keep track of your drinking.
If someone is drinking a lot and trying to get everyone else to join them, they're probably just focused on getting drunk, not on you. Say something noncommittal like "sure, maybe a bit later" and they'll usually move on.
If someone is focused on you directly and won't accept "no" as an answer, don't let them bully you. Ask a friend to stick with you and help change the topic, ignore the other person, or call the person out directly.
8. **Mixing alcohol with other substances is too risky for your first time.** Alcohol already makes it harder to make good decisions and keep track of how you're doing. Weed or other mind-affecting drugs make that problem even worse, and can add dangerous side effects. Even drinking caffeine and alcohol in the same night can be risky, since feeling energetic and excited can lead to over drinking.
Nicotine can work a little like caffeine, canceling out the sleepiness alcohol causes. If you're a smoker, try to go easy on the tobacco, and don't drink more than you planned just because you don't feel too drunk.
If you do decide to take other drugs anyway, make sure a friend (ideally a sober one) knows exactly what you took. That makes it easier to take care of you if an emergency happens.
9. **If you really want to play, use a non-alchoholic drink.** Beer pong, king's cup, and all the other drinking games have one main goal: getting you drunk! When a table of friends are chanting at you to chug your drink, it's hard to say no—so it's no surprise that drinking games are linked to a lot of "accidental" binge drinking. If you really want to join that corner of the party, be smart about it:
Play with soda or water, or at least with something weak like light beer.
When the game rules tell you to take a drink, just take a small sip, not a big swallow.
Ask a friend with more drinking experience to be on a team with you, so you can split the drinks between you.
Keep track of how much you're drinking and how you're feeling. Leave the game if things are going overboard.
10. **Don't start drinking until you know you can get home safely.** Drinking and driving is incredibly dangerous. Before you even go to the party, make sure you can get home by walking, using public transportation, a rideshare, a taxi, or getting a ride with a sober friend.
Whether or not you think you'll get drunk, it's safest to plan for the worst. Don't drive, and ask a friend for company even if you're walking home. Alcohol can be dangerous even for pedestrians.
If you're at university, see if your school has a transport service for students.
11. **Sex can be a lot riskier with booze involved.** Drunk people take bigger risks than sober ones, and that includes unsafe sex. Alcohol can make you (or your partner) too drunk to consent, with some pretty serious consequences the next morning. Your first time drinking is definitely not the time to get through this minefield.
Rape can happen even within a long-time sexual relationship. Your partner shouldn't have sex with you if you are too drunk to make clear decisions. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Drink-for-the-First-Time-at-a-Party", "language": "en"} |
How to Buy a Star | Would you like to "buy" your own flaming ball of gas in space? The International Astronomical Union is the only institution authorized to name stars, but you can unofficially buy a star and give it a special name. You'll receive a certificate stating the name of the star as well as an astrological chart showing where your star is located.
1. **Ask yourself how much you're willing to spend.** Star naming services do not actually provide officially-recognized star names. Since you will not actually own the star, you should think carefully about how much the novelty factor of “buying” the star is worth to you.
Since the star-naming processes available to the public confer no official naming rights, you might choose to forego the star-selling service altogether. It's easy to name a random star yourself and print out a certificate of ownership on your home computer. You'd save money and still get the joy of possessing or giving a certificate bearing a star name of your choosing.
2. **Decide what you want to buy.** Depending on the star-selling service you select, you could buy an entire star system, a binary star (two stars orbiting one another), or a star confirmed to have an orbiting planet in addition to naming just a single star. Each will be offered at different prices.
3. **Think about what kind of star you want.** There are many different types of stars in the universe, including (but not limited to) red dwarfs, red giants, blue giants, and neutron stars.
Red dwarfs are the most common type of star in our galaxy. They are red and cool.
Neutron stars are born from supernova explosions and have extremely fast rates of rotation.
Red giants are huge dying stars with temperatures only about half as hot as the sun.
Blue giants are rare but extremely bright, on average 60,000 times brighter than the sun.
4. **Consider the person you are naming the star for.** Try to match the qualities of the person you are purchasing the star for to an appropriate star. For instance, if someone's favorite color is red, you might want to buy them a red giant or red dwarf. Alternately, you might buy a star located in the zodiac sign corresponding to the individual's birth month.
5. **Select your service.** There are a growing number of star-selling services available, including the International Star Registry, Name a Star, and Online Star Registry. Each offers unique packages and products when you name your star.
The level of quality each service provides varies. Research your chosen service thoroughly before moving forward.
Businesses dominate the star-selling marketplace. Pale Blue Dot, however, is one star-selling service operated as a nonprofit. Proceeds go to fund scientific research, though your star will still not be officially renamed.
6. **Choose your package.** All the star-selling services provide you the chance to name your star and get a personalized, matted certificate with your star's customized name on it. But some services offer more. Other potential options include:
star charts
engraved zodiac pendants
stickers
apps
keychains
online access to live telescope streams
an option to launch your star name and message into space
7. **Pick a name for your star.** You can choose any name you want for the star; name it after yourself, your loved one, your favorite band, or anything else you desire. The star's name may not be changed once it's decided. Be as creative as you want when choosing the name.
8. **Place your order.** Fill out the necessary paperwork. You'll need to include the name of the star as well as your name, address and billing information.
If there are special spellings in your designated star name, make sure they are clearly indicated.
If you have special directions for your star purchase that you want reflected in the final certificate (for instance, a star named in memoriam), indicate them on the order form.
If you know the coordinates of a specific star you want to have named, contact the company to see if it's available. Try your coordinates with different companies, since each has its own database of available, unnamed stars.
9. **Choose the occasion.** If you're buying a star for a loved one, you'll want to maximize the romance by carefully picking the time and place you unveil your gift. Typically, you'll want to give him or her the star certificate and related materials on an anniversary, Valentine's Day, or a birthday.
10. **Receive your shipment.** Once you order your package, the certificate, astrological chart, and whatever else you chose to purchase will arrive in the mail.
If you named the star after a friend or loved one, be sure to surprise them at an appropriate time with the gift.
If you named the star for yourself, share it with your friends and family. They will surely be curious and impressed.
If possible, find your star in the night sky with a telescope. Online virtual telescopes like SkyView are great for locating stars with specific coordinates. For something more robust, you could download the program Cartes du Ciel, a virtual star chart. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Buy-a-Star", "language": "en"} |
How to Relieve Calf Cramps | If your calf muscle painfully seizes up and feels tight, you're likely suffering from a calf cramp. Cramps are common during exercise, but they also plague many people at night while they sleep. Although painful, a calf cramp is typically a relatively harmless condition that will go away on its own after a few minutes. If you get calf cramps frequently, evaluate your personal habits and see what you can do to prevent them from happening in the future.
1. **Transfer your weight to your cramped leg.** At the onset of a calf cramp, lift your other leg or lean to the side where you're cramping to see if your leg can hold weight. If it can, try walking for a few minutes to see if you can walk it off.
You can also alternate your weight from one leg to the other and shake your leg out. This can help loosen the muscle and release the cramp.
2. **Sit with your leg extended if you can't stand.** If the cramped leg won't hold your weight, find a comfortable place where you can sit with your leg extended straight out from your torso. Roll your foot in circles to engage the calf muscle and try to loosen it up.
You can also lean over and grab the toes of your foot, pulling them back gently towards you. This will give the calf muscle a good stretch and hopefully encourage it to loosen up and release the cramp.
3. **Gently rub the affected muscle.** Light massage not only relaxes the muscle to help it release, but it also soothes the tissues so your calf may not be as sore later. Even after the cramping ends, you'll likely feel sore and stiff for several hours.
Massaging the muscle also warms it. Heat can help the muscle loosen up and release.
4. **Place a warm towel or heating pad to the muscle.** Damp heat provides hydration and helps loosen up the muscle. It may also reduce inflammation around the area of the cramp, which can help ease soreness in your calf later.
You might also find relief from soaking in a warm bath for a few minutes as you gently massage your calf.
5. **Apply an ice pack to a severe cramp.** Severe cramps don't always respond to heat. For some people, applying heat to a cramp makes it feel even worse. If your cramp doesn't respond to heat, try placing an ice pack on your calf for a few minutes.
Place a towel between your skin and the ice pack to avoid damaging your skin. Only leave the ice pack on for 10 to 15 minutes.
6. **Contact your doctor if your cramps are severe and persistent.** You may need prescription drugs to provide relief if you suffer from repeated cramping that doesn't respond to self-treatment. Your doctor will review your medical history and diagnose the cause of your cramps, which may be symptomatic of another health condition.
Doctors may prescribe muscle relaxers or pain-relievers to help prevent calf cramps or make them a bit easier to deal with. The medications prescribed will depend on the cause of your cramps.
7. **Stretch your calf muscles gently before engaging in activity.** To stretch your calves, stand arm's length away from a wall. Face the wall with your feet flat against the floor, toes pointed towards the wall. Press your hands against the wall and lean forward slowly until you feel a stretch in your calves. Hold the stretch for 2 to 3 seconds, then release.
Repeat the stretch 5 times, breathing deeply through the stretch. Don't stretch so far that it hurts – just enough that you feel the stretch.
8. **Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water.** Exercise-related cramps are more likely to occur if you are dehydrated. Men should drink at least 15.5 cups (3.7 liters) of water each day, while women should drink at least 11.5 cups (2.7 liters). When exercising, drink water before, during, and after your workout.
Sports drinks, such as Gatorade, can also help reduce cramping by restoring your body's balance of electrolytes.
9. **Cool down and stretch after each workout.** After you've finished any vigorous workout session, engage in slow activity to help your muscles relax again. Simply walking for 10 or 15 minutes and stretching your leg muscles can be an effective cooldown.
You can use the calf stretches you used for a warm up to cool down as well. They will keep your calves loose and less prone to cramping.
Hold each stretch for 20-30 seconds on each side.
10. **Build up your exercise program gradually.** Exercise-related cramps often occur if you increase the duration or intensity of your exercise program rapidly before your muscles have time to adjust. Follow the 10 percent rule, in which you only increase the intensity of your exercise by 10 percent each week.
For example, suppose you currently run 10 metres (0.010 km) per week and want to build up to 20 metres (0.020 km) per week. The first week, you would run 11 metres (0.011 km) per week, an increase of 10 percent. The next week, you would run 12.1 metres (0.0121 km), an additional 10 percent increase, and so on until you reached your goal.
If you get persistent cramps, you may need to lower the intensity of your workouts, or alter the type of exercise you do until your muscles have time to rebuild and adjust. For example, if you've been running, you might try swimming until your calves get stronger.
11. **Stand and move around once an hour if you have a sedentary job.** If you sit for long periods of time during the day, this can put undue pressure on your calf muscles. As a result, they may become twitchy and spasm or cramp up at night. You can prevent this by standing once an hour and moving around a little.
You can set a reminder for yourself on your computer or your smartphone to nudge you when you need to stand and move around. Take a minute to get up and go to the restroom, get some water, or hand-deliver papers to someone else rather than emailing them. Then return to your seat.
If you do have to sit for long periods of time without a break to stand, make sure you're sitting properly. Your chair should be at a height that you can rest both feet on the floor. Sit up straight with your shoulders back and down, so that your shoulder blades fall in line along either side of your spine.
You can do posture checks throughout the day to make sure you're sitting correctly. It may feel awkward or uncomfortable at first, particularly if you're used to slouching – but your legs and back will thank you in the long run.
12. **Limit your consumption of alcohol and caffeine.** Alcohol and caffeine consumption has been linked to nighttime leg cramps. The relationship is strongest if you consume alcohol or caffeine in excess, or immediately before going to bed.
If you have frequent calf cramps at night, stop drinking caffeine at least 4 hours before you go to bed.
If you drink alcohol, don't have more than 2 drinks in an evening and stop drinking at least 2 hours before you go to bed.
13. **Stretch your calves before you go to bed each night.** Stand to face a wall arm's length away with your toes pointed forward. Place your hands flat on the wall and lean forward just until you feel a stretch in your calves. Hold the stretch for 2 to 3 seconds, breathing slowly and deeply.
Return back to standing and then repeat the stretch 4 or 5 times. Afterward, you may want to walk around a bit or shake your legs out to keep them loose.
14. **Drink a glass of water before going to bed.** Nighttime calf cramps and spasms can also be caused by dehydration. In addition to drinking water throughout the day, try a full glass of water right before bed to ensure you stay hydrated while sleeping.
You might also keep a thermos of water next to your bed. If you wake up in the middle of the night, drink some water before you go back to sleep.
15. **Avoid vigorous activity just before sleep.** If you exercise late at night before bed, your calf muscles may react to the sudden decrease in activity by spasming or cramping. To prevent this from happening, try moving your exercise to first thing in the morning, or in the middle of the day, rather than in the evening.
Try to set aside a half hour to an hour before bed each night to relax your mind and body and prepare for sleep. Dim the lights and meditate or engage in a quiet, relaxing activity, such as reading or listening to calming music.
A warm bath before bed can also help relax your body to prevent nighttime cramping.
16. **Keep your feet in a relaxed position while sleeping.** As you sleep, keeping your feet at right angles from your legs may keep your calves from contracting and tensing up, which can lead to cramps. The position may vary depending on how you normally sleep. If you lie on your side, just remember to keep your feet relaxed at right angles, rather than pointing your toes.
If you lie on your back, your feet should be pointed straight up. You might want to put a pillow at the foot of your bed for the soles of your feet to rest against.
If you're a stomach sleeper, let your toes hang off the end of the bed, with your heels pointed upward. This will keep your feet in the correct position. You can also place a pillow under your shins to give your feet room to point downward.
17. **Avoid binding up your legs while sleeping.** If the sheets and blankets are wrapped too tightly around your legs, your calves may contract and cramp. Keep the sheets and blankets loose on top of you, and avoid tucking them around your body.
Keep the edges of the sheets and blankets loose as well, rather than tucking them under the mattress. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Relieve-Calf-Cramps", "language": "en"} |
How to Help Yourself | Many scientists believe that nearly half of the things that make you happy are within your control. Wellbeing causes positive feelings, but positive feelings also cause wellbeing. Investing in your happiness and wellbeing creates a positive feedback loop that is self-generating and self-sustaining. Encouraging your positive, realistic thoughts to create an upward spiral of happiness. Help yourself, but don't isolate yourself or refuse to consult others. There are things we can only get from other people, and things we can only get from ourselves.
1. **Encourage your positive feelings.** Notice when you feel good, and feel good about that. The more you dwell in your positivity, the happier and more resilient you will feel. Rather than trying to force happiness to appear, cultivate in yourself a sense of wellbeing, strength, and connectedness. Affirm the positive thoughts that come to you. Say them out loud or write them down to increase their resonance. "The sunshine feels good on my skin." "I'm proud of myself for doing the dishes."
At the end of the day, review the things that you enjoyed. List three things that brought you pleasure.
Positive emotion helps you repair from trauma and hardship, and builds resilience for hard times to come.
2. **Locate your happiness.** We humans are famously bad at guessing the things that make us happy. Pursuit of power, wealth, and fame rarely pay off in personal satisfaction. Stress can induce us to replace our pleasures with coping mechanisms. Time in which you are being entertained or praised will not necessarily be your happiest time. Before you set your goals, spend some time tracking your joy.
Try keeping a diary during an ordinary week, and checking in with yourself a few times a day. What activities bring on contentment? What do they have in common?
Notice where you are when you are happy, and what your body is doing. Are you outside? In motion? Are you alone, or in company? What time of day is it?
3. **Set goals meaningful to you.** Once you have identified some of the things that bring you contentment, ask yourself what they have in common. What kind of activities can you really sink into? When do you feel like you are doing your best work, or being your best self? Set goals that will help you achieve greater engagement during your daily activities.
For example, if you felt happiest while walking your dog, waiting for the bus, and watering the lawn, your goal might be to spend more time outside.
If you felt happiest helping out a colleague at work and making dinner with your partner, your new goal might be to find another activity in which you are helping others.
4. **Show yourself the world.** Focus on gaining experiences rather than possessions. Spend your extra money on traveling and learning new things. Cultivating memories will leave you with a stronger sense of being alive than acquiring objects. Learning new things will keep your mind strong into your old age, and can introduce new joys into your routine. Developing a hobby can be an excellent reminder to take time off without switching yourself off.
Volunteer with an organization you believe in to increase your sense of connectedness and usefulness.
Save your extra money for social spending and gifts for others. Take your friend out to dinner, or buy a nice bottle of wine for the host of a dinner party.
Set learning goals for yourself. Take language lessons, and take a trip to a country that speaks that language at the year's end. Take cooking lessons, and throw a party with food you've made.
5. **Practice gratitude.** Wanting what you have will make you happier than casting around for other options. Change can be stimulating, but investing your attention in the people and places you love contributes more to your overall happiness. Examine what you have, and appreciate it. Make a list of things you are grateful for, and share it with those you love.
Treasure the people in your life. Helping yourself doesn't mean isolating yourself. Take the time to tell your friends and family that you love them, and tell them what you appreciate about them.
If you feel you express yourself best in writing, make up a list of people you are grateful for, and write a letter a day.
6. **Sleep well.** Skipping sleep can aggravate any issue you might be facing. Adults need 7-8 hours of sleep a night, with as few interruptions as possible. Sleeping too much can cause lethargy and depression, while sleeping too little can damage your immune resistance, your weight, and your mental health.
If you are having trouble sleeping at night, try to build a relaxing bedtime routine. Give yourself an hour before bed to brush your teeth, change into soft pajamas, and do one restful activity, such as reading, meditating, watching a show, or listening to music.
Cut down on alcohol and caffeine, and try not to nap.
When a work-related or stressful thought comes to you at night, say gently to yourself "It's not time to think about that. It's my bedtime."
7. **Get exercise.** Regular exercise can make you more energetic, confident, healthy, and relaxed. Most adults should get at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity a week. Break your exercise up into shorter increments across the week. If you don't like the gym, try going on brisk walks, taking bike rides, or attending dance or yoga classes.
8. **Feed yourself well.** Cooking at home is cheaper and healthier than eating out, so teach yourself to cook the things you love, and keep a well-stocked fridge. Rather than bothering with vitamins and supplements, eat plenty of fruits and vegetables, and vary your diet. Eating a wide range of foods will help you get the nutrients your body needs. Make sure to get the protein and carbohydrates you need for energy.
Eat at least three meals a day with healthy snacks in between.
9. **Avoid negative self-talk.** Treat yourself the way any human deserves to be treated: with compassion, respect, and love. Instead of being down on yourself, speak to yourself with calm attention. When negative thoughts and feelings come to you, name them. Identify the situations that bring those feelings on. Accept the feelings as they come, but analyze the beliefs behind them.
If you have a negative feeling that comes often, name it and treat it like an annoying by-product of your environment. Say "oh, there's body-shame again. Probably because I'm in this waiting room surrounded by magazines depicting one body type."
10. **Practice mindfulness.** Mindfulness means paying attention to your thoughts, senses, and feelings in the moment, without interpretation or judgment. It can relieve your anxiety, and help you relax out of a negative spiral. To practice mindfulness, pay attention to your senses. List everything you can see, smell, hear, and feel in the moment.
Try saying what you are doing when you begin to feel tense or stressed. Say "I am walking up the street. I am holding my jacket closed. I am breathing."
Feel the breath coming in and out of you. Notice which parts of your body rise and fall. When your mind wanders, remind yourself to pay attention to your breath.
To relax your whole body, tense and relax each muscle in turn. Pay attention to minute sensations of tightness (like in your jaw and shoulders).
11. **Make a budget.** Know what you are earning and spending. Make sure you have enough to pay for your monthly expenses and put aside for the future. If you are spending more than you earn, see if you can reduce your expenses. Having a budget will reduce your anxiety and help you make better decisions.
Calculate what you make each month, what you are spending, and what you are spending it on. Then calculate what you can afford to spend each month.
If you don't have a savings account, open one. Calculate an amount you can afford to deposit in it every month.
Ways to start saving money include cooking at home, buying ingredients from scratch instead of buying processed food, taking public transportation, and not buying drinks from bars or coffee shops.
12. **Take yourself to an expert.** One realistic way to help yourself is to recognize the value of an outside opinion. There are some situations we can't get out of on our own. If you are struggling with an addiction, mental illness, money trouble, legal trouble, or abuse, you might have trouble recovering without the knowledge and skillset of a professional. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Help-Yourself", "language": "en"} |
How to Toast Sesame Seeds | Toasted sesame seeds can be used in many recipes, sprinkled on top of all kinds of dishes to add flavor and crunch. Toasting the raw seeds is simple and quick, as long as you keep an eye out for burning.
1. **Toast over the stovetop.** If you don't see any dust or small pebbles in your sesame seeds, you can put them directly in a skillet or frying pan. Heat over medium-low heat. Stir occasionally, for two to three minutes or until the seeds turn brown, glisten, and occasionally pop or jump. If you like, you can cover the pan with a mesh screen to prevent them from popping out.
Do not add oil to the skillet.
For a nuttier flavor, try the longer thorough toasting method instead.
2. **Bake the seeds instead.** Alternatively, you can preheat the oven to 350ºF (175ºC), and spread the seeds onto an ungreased baking sheet. Bake until lightly browned, shaking the pan gently every few minutes to spread the heat more evenly. This typically takes eight to fifteen minutes, depending on how thick the layer of sesame seeds is.
Use a baking sheet with deep sides to avoid spilling.
Sesame seeds can burn very quickly if the heat gets too high. Stay in the kitchen and don't forget to check frequently.
3. **Cool the seeds.** Once the seeds are done toasting in either method, transfer them to a cool baking sheet and let them cool to room temperature. They will cool faster on metal than plastic or glass surfaces.
4. **Choose unhulled or hulled raw seeds.** Unhulled sesame seeds have a dull, hard coat that ranges in color from off-white to black. Hulled seeds have had this removed, and are always very white, almost translucent, and shiny. You can toast either type of seed, but the unhulled seeds are crunchier and have a slightly different flavor. Seeds with hulls contain more calcium but may be more difficult to digest, unless you plan to grind them, so the nutritional value is comparable.
While you can soak unhulled seeds overnight, then remove the hulls by hand, the process is labor-intensive and rarely done at home. Both varieties should be available in Asian grocery stores, and often in Western stores as well.
5. **Wash the seeds.** Rinse the seeds in a fine mesh strainer under running water, until the water runs through clear. If the seeds are straight from the farm or the water gets quite dirty, you may want to stir them in a bowl of water for a couple minutes, then let it sit. Discard dust that rises to the top, and pebbles that sink to the bottom.
Rinsing will not negatively affect the nutrition of the seeds. Some people even prefer to soak seeds overnight to germinate them, which may improve the digestion of certain nutrients. These germinated seeds are typically eaten raw rather than toasted, however.
6. **Heat on high until the seeds are dry.** Transfer the rinsed seeds to a dry skillet or frying pan over high heat. Stir occasionally with a wooden spoon, but watch the seeds constantly, as they burn quickly if the heat gets too high. This step typically takes ten minutes. Once dry, the seeds will feel and sound different as you stir them, and no moisture will be left behind on the pan.
7. **Reduce heat to medium.** Continue to stir occasionally for the next seven or eight minutes. When the seeds are fully toasted, they will turn a light brown color, glisten, and a few will start popping or jumping in the pan.
Pick up a few seeds with the spoon and pinch them between your fingers. Toasted seeds can be crushed into a powder, and have a nuttier taste than raw seeds.
8. **Let cool and store.** Spread the toasted seeds on a metal baking sheet and let cool to room temperature. Store any seeds you don't use immediately in an airtight container in the refrigerator or freezer.
The seeds should stay good in the fridge or freezer for over a year, but they will become less flavorful over time. Toast the seeds dry for a couple minutes to restore some flavor.
9. **Sprinkle on finished dishes.** Sesame seeds are a staple of cooking in cuisines worldwide, from Korea to Lebanon. Sprinkle the toasted seeds on just about any vegetable dish, salad, rice dish, or dessert.
Optionally, grind the seeds in a food processor, liquidizer, or mortar and pestle if you prefer the less crunchy powder, or if you want to blend the seeds into a smoothie.
You can make your own quick seasonings by mixing sugar, salt, or black pepper into your sesame seeds.
10. **Turn it into tahini** The only other ingredient you need is vegetable oil. Olive oil is a traditional choice that adds its own rich flavor, but you can use sesame oil or canola oil instead for a stronger sesame taste. Simply put the toasted seeds in a food processor and blend one spoonful of oil at a time, until the consistency is smooth but not runny.
Take the next step and turn the tahini into hummus.
11. **Use it in desserts.** Toasted sesame adds a great flavor to cookies, and can be safely added to gluten-free recipes. In many parts of the world, toasted sesame seeds are cooked with butter and sugar or honey to make sticky candies.
12. **Cook the seeds in other recipes.** Try adding a pinch to each homemade falafel patty, tossing a spoonful in a few minutes before you finish a stir fry, or mixing it into salad dressing. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Toast-Sesame-Seeds", "language": "en"} |
How to Clean Black Appliances | Black appliances have a beautiful glossy appearance. That look, however, rarely lasts. Black surfaces pick up fingerprints easily and, even after cleaning, pick up streaks that seem impossible to remove. The key to keeping black appliances looking good is to carefully buff them after cleaning.
1. **Dampen a terry cloth towel.** Terry cloth towels will be gentle on your appliance. Wet them and then squeeze out excess moisture.
Terry cloth is the fabric used for most bath towels, bath robes, and slippers, but because of its soft, absorbent qualities it can be great for non-streak cleaning as well. Terry cloth towels are plush and soft.
2. **Apply an ammonium-based cleaner or vinegar solution to the towel.** Apply a cleaner to the towel. For store bought solutions, use an ammonium-based cleaner. This includes most glass and window cleaners, multipurpose cleaners, and oven cleaners.
For a homemade vinegar solution, mix one part vinegar with one part water.
3. **Wipe down the appliance.** Take your towel and wipe down the appliance. This will sanitize the appliance and remove dirt, but probably leave streaks. You will likely need to perform this cleaning frequently.
Buffing immediately after cleaning will remove the remaining streaks.
4. **Pick up tough stains with gentle cleaners.** To protect against scratches, never use steel wool or abrasive scrubbing pads to pick up tough stains. Magic Eraser is good at picking up tough stains, without leaving scratches.
For a homemade alternative, try mixing baking soda with a couple drops of liquid dish soap. Apply this solution to an old toothbrush and use it to scrub away tough stains.
5. **Set aside fabric towels for buffing.** Ideally, you should have certain towels that you only use for buffing. This will prevent them from accumulating cleaning products, making them more effective at removing streaks. Wash them separately from your other towels, without bleach.
Consider making all your buffing towels a single color to make them easier to recognize.
A simple fabric towel should suffice. Although some people recommend microfiber, a basic towel made of cloth should work in most cases.
6. **Clean before buffing.** If you do not wipe your appliances down with a cleaning solution before every buffing, your buffing towels will accumulate dirt and become ineffective. Always be sure that there is no dirt or grime left on the appliance before you buff it.
7. **Wipe the appliance down with a clean, dry buffing towel.** Do not wet the towel or apply cleaner. A dry towel should easily pick up the streaks. Gently wipe down the entire surface before the cleaner dries.
If you allow the cleaner to dry on before buffing it, you will find it harder to pick up streaks that have dried on. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Clean-Black-Appliances", "language": "en"} |
How to Be a Great Best Friend | Do you want to be a good best friend but don't know how or where to start that perfect friendship? Have you fallen out with your best mate and want to prove how nice you can be if they'll forgive you? No matter what reason you have, this article will help you become a great best friend.
1. **Be yourself** Being yourself around someone is part of what makes you all best friends. You are who you are, and your best friend will accept that. Being "fake" could lead you to lose your best friend, and it gets tiring to be someone whom you're not. Be best friends with someone who you know you can be yourself around because it isn't worth it trying to be someone you're not in order to get closer to someone else.
Don't hold things in. If you feel uncomfortable or have hard feelings toward your best friend, talk about it with them. It hurts even more when your friendship is being torn to bits while your friend has no idea how to fix it. Make things comfortable, and you'll both go through thick and thin together.
2. **Be your own best friend** Learn how to respect yourself. If you can't respect yourself, then you can't respect others. Decide what boundaries are important to you and respect them. Not only is this healthy for you, but you'll also get enough practice and experience so that you'll be familiar with this area when respecting other people's boundaries. Understand what values are important to you and stick by them. Seek out others who honor those values because you'll only end up hurting yourself and possibly others if those people don't have the same values as you.
Close relationships with other people — whether it's a romantic relationship or an intimate friendship — teach us a lot about ourselves. Don't be afraid to learn about yourself. If you don't like who you are, it's hard for other people to like you.
Don't judge yourself too harshly. It's easy to hold ourselves to a really high standard sometimes, a standard that is impossible to uphold. If you're a perfectionist, learn to be a little forgiving toward yourself.
Don't be afraid to be vulnerable. Everyone feels vulnerable about some things, right? Don't be afraid to show your best friends the parts of yourself that are vulnerable. They won't care, and if they do, they might not be the right friend for you.
If your friends kindly point out your faults and/or suggest you make certain changes to help your friendships blossom, don't automatically grow defensive or harbor bitter feelings against them. They are only trying to help you become a better person, and you should feel blessed to have such thoughtful friends. Also, if you improve yourself, you'll be able to prevent future friendships from being torn apart.
However, if your friends aren't being very nice to you about your faults and picking on you for it, kindly let them know how you feel. If they refuse to stop, you may not want to spend as much time with them anymore.
3. **Trust each other** You may find it hard in life and think that it is impossible to keep your best friend happy. To be a good best friend really doesn't take much. All you have to do really is make sure you can both trust each other about really important matters. Don't try to trick or use your friend to your advantage; you need to make them know they can trust you.
Realize that your best friend may have other friends. Trust that you're really important to them and let your best friend have a social life outside of you. A love between friends is never jealous.
To prevent loneliness from biting you, have a small circle of friends. That way, if one friend is unavailable or they turn out to be your enemy, you'll have other friends to support you. It's good to know as many people as possible, but only have a few close friends that you tell your secrets to. This will lower the chance of your secrets being spilled.
Don't keep secrets. Be open about what's going on in your life and what you hear about other people. If you don't want to talk about something, don't bring it up in the first place. If your best friend insists on hearing and you still don't want to talk about it, say: "You know you're my best friend; if I were going to tell anybody, it would be you. But I'm just not comfortable talking about it with anyone. I promise you'll be the first to know when I'm ready to talk, okay?"
Know that you'll probably go through rough patches. Bear in mind though that sometimes you will have to give them some space so that they can have time alone and think things through. Being a best friend means understanding when a little bit of time alone or space from them can be a good thing.
4. **Be trustworthy** If they tell you a secret, make sure to keep it. tell someone a secret your friend wanted you to keep. Don't even leak it out to someone you know you can trust. A secret is a secret.
Know the difference between a harmless secret and a dangerous secret. Dangerous secrets not only threaten your friend's life, but it can also affect you as well. Despite the fact that your friend may not want people to know about their secret, it's best to tell your parents or a trusted adult about this. Keep in mind that your friend might have told you their secret because they are tired of keeping it to themselves and they are silently asking for help.
Keep your word. If you say you're going to do something, do it. Follow through with it. You know what they say: Talk is cheap. Let your best friend know that if you say you're going to do something, you don't ever back away.
Don't gossip about your best friend. Don't say anything that might turn into a rumor. For example, if they had a crush, they'd probably be embarrassed if you told someone. Make sure you know your best friend is okay with it if you do tell other people. Things like this are sometimes hard to do, but if you want a solid friendship you have to be willing to do them.
5. **Be loyal.** Stick up for your friend when they need it. Respect those times when they need to stick up for themselves. Trust your friend and allow yourself to be vulnerable with them. Through ups, downs, and disagreements, you'll still try to work things out and be their friend, truly demonstrating your loyalty.
Say "no" when you need to while still being their friend. A friend of integrity is of great value. Tell them respectfully when you think they're wrong. The journey of life is about learning from your mistakes, not always needing to be right.
If you don't learn to say "no" to your friend, it'll hurt your friendship more than improve it. Not only may your friend grow too reliant on you, but you'll also feel strained and angry.
6. **When you two fight, try to work things out so everyone is happy.** Don't say mean things, whether it is right in their face or through a text. Apologize, but understand that it may take some time to get over what's happened. Let them cool down and talk to you when they are ready.
leave the problem alone and pretend it doesn't exist. It will not fade, and it will eventually pop up again later. It's best to solve the problem while it's small before it grows bigger and more painful.
If you two need help solving your problems, ask your parents or a trusted adult to help.
7. **Come through in the clutch.** When your friend really needs something done, or a favor, be there for them. Help out. Think of how much they'd appreciate it. You never know when you'll be stuck between a rock and a hard place and might need someone (a good friend, maybe?) to bail you out.
8. **Stick up for your best friend.** Sitting and watching your best friend get picked on or teased is definitely not going to earn you a brownie badge! If your best friend is getting seriously bullied and you're scared you'll get hurt if you get involved, then get help from a teacher or parents. If you can stick up for them without getting harmed yourself, make sure you do so. Imagine how you would feel if you were being picked on and a friend told everyone to shut up and clear off.
If you or your friend consistently has problems with another person, try not to be childish or immature about it. Don't prank them or embarrass them; sadly, that will only make things worse. Tell an adult what's happening, or simply ignore them. People hate being ignored and eventually lose interest in you.
9. **Spend time with your friend.** Hang out on the weekends or plan activities together every now and then, do some homework together, and chat during the break at school. You don't have to live in each others' pockets, but make sure you spend some quality time together with your best friend to make the friendship grow and become stronger.
Know that you'll probably have to sacrifice some of your time and maybe effort to be your best friend. It should feel like something you want to be doing, even when it's hard.
Invite other people to hang out with you. Being best friends doesn't mean you have to isolate yourselves from other people. Sometimes, it's nice to be alone; you don't need anybody else to have fun together. Other times, your enjoyment is increased by including other people into the fold.
10. **Share laughs.** There is nothing like laughing and smiling to bring people together. Besides, when they're really friends, you guys can laugh at the dumbest, smallest, weirdest stuff and it doesn't really matter. Take time out of your day to appreciate the funny things in life.
11. **Learn to listen.** Nobody likes a best friend who just talks and talks but never listens. If you're a chatterbox, try to develop good listening skills. Whenever your best friend says something, listen carefully and say something. Don't just say "yeah" and move on. Don't interrupt or fidget continually while they're talking to you. If they ask for advice, listen carefully and give them the best advice you can. It'll earn you respect and of course, make them come to you more.
Be an active listener. Being an active listener means reading in between the lines. Sometimes it means knowing what the other person feels or is thinking before they do. If you're an active listener, you might know who your friend likes before they do.
Know when not to talk. There's an old saying out there: The dumb person talks; the wise person listens. While that's definitely an overstatement, it has some truth in it. Begin to feel comfortable just being with your bestie, not constantly having to talk to fill the silence.
12. **Care for your best friend** If your best friend is upset, ask them what's wrong. They might not tell you straight away, but they should in the end. If they don't tell you, don't get angry at them: Understand that certain things are private, and trust that they'd be just as patient with you if you were in their shoes.
If a boy or girl has upset them, tell them not to worry because you are there for them and you're not going anywhere. Also tell them that there are plenty more boys or girls out there just waiting to meet the love of their life. Reassure your best friend that they will find someone who loves them for who they are.
Remind yourself that lending a helping hand to your best friend doesn't really cost you anything. It may not be easy to constantly comfort them or find advice to give, but know that your best friend would do the same for you in your time of need.
If your friend is away from home, send them cards or care packages to show that you care. If they're sick, call them and ask how they are doing. Show them you appreciate their presence in your life. Write them notes to show that you care and are thankful for them, and ask about their lives. Share your own stories, but make sure you have time for them.
13. **Get to know their family.** Our families are really important to us, even if they can sometimes be annoying, rude and pesky. Getting to know your best friend's family shows them that you appreciate where they come from, and that you're interested in knowing the people who are valuable in their life.
14. **Avoid expectations.** If you assume you know what best friends' roles are, you could get disappointed and frustrated. Best friends are the most valuable friends you have, but they can't help or support you in every aspect of your life. Do not expect them to always be there, or expect them to say the thing you want to hear. If you set expectations for your best friends that are too high, it will only leave you disappointed and defeated.
Be your own caretaker. This comes back to being your own best friend and taking care of yourself. If you take care of yourself, you'll never put your friend in a position where they have to come in and rescue you. If you never put your friend in this position, you'll never be disappointed.
Remember that no one is perfect - not even your best friend. Everyone has their own faults, and they need to work through it. Don't be mean to your friend about their faults, but help them work through it while asking for help on your own as well. However, when gently letting your friend know, understand that your friend has feelings, and it's best to only focus on the faults that are the biggest threat to your friendship. Know what faults to ignore/let go of and what faults to help your friend solve.
Sometimes, you need to let your friend solve their faults without your help, unless they ask for your assistance. Constant nagging will make your friend feel stressed and angry, and they may be unwilling to improve your friendship if you're putting pressure on it.
15. **Understand that best friends sometimes grow apart.** It's natural to stop having chemistry with a certain person. If you grow apart, for whatever reason, just be happy for the good times, and know how lucky you were to have that great person be a part of your life.
If neither of you make an effort to get together, or if you get into fights with them for no reason, then maybe you weren't meant to be best friends. It's not anyone's fault. Maybe you two are too much alike. Who knows? You might just need a break from one another for a few weeks.
Always treat your friend with respect, even if you grow apart. Don't be angry with them, it's truly not worth keeping all that anger locked up inside. Be courteous, kind, and respectful if you have a falling apart. You never know when things might change.
16. **Let your friend have other friends, too.** If your best friend picks another friend over you, try to be friends with their friend too. Maybe you guys can be a group of friends! Everyone is always looking for new friends. But never, ever leave the old one; your loyalty is what the other person expects and counts on every day. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Be-a-Great-Best-Friend", "language": "en"} |
How to Spot Fake Louis Vuitton Purses | When you’re on the market for a Louis Vuitton bag, you want to make sure you’re getting the real deal. How exactly do you do that, though? Not to worry—spotting a fake Louis Vuitton purse is simple, as long as you know what to look for. We’ll teach you how to authenticate the stamps and pattern of a genuine Louis Vuitton bag, as well as how to take a good look at the hardware, stitching, and lining. We’ve even included some tips to help you vet the seller, so you can be extra confident that your bag is 100% real.
1. **Locate the “made in” stamp imprinted in the leather on the bag.** Authentic Louis Vuitton Bags always include a stamp that says “Louis Vuitton” and “made in France” (or another country if it was made elsewhere) underneath it. If your bag is missing this stamp, then it is likely a fake. Look for the stamp pressed directly into the leather of your bag. The stamp should include certain features which will indicate its authenticity. These include:
A short leg the bottom of the Ls.
Os that are round and bigger than the L.
Ts that are so close they appear to be touching.
Lettering that is thin and crisp.
2. **Check to see if the bag’s date code matches the “made in” stamp.** Look for the date code inside of the bag right along the top edge of the bag’s opening. The date code should include 2 letters and a 4 digit number. The first 2 numbers in the 4 digit number indicate the week of the year and the second 2 indicate the year. The letters indicate where the bag was made. If the letters in the date code indicate a different country than the “made in” stamp, then the bag is likely a fake.
Be aware that bags made prior to 1980 will not have a date code, so this will not help you to authenticate a vintage bag.
There are many different letter codes to indicate the region of a country that the bag was made in, so you might have to look up the code to figure out if it matches the "made" in stamp. For example, "MI," "SD," "TH," and "VI" are all letter codes for different regions of France.
3. **Ensure that the pattern is even throughout the bag.** The bag’s print should be a mirror image of itself going all the way across the bag. If a circle design is cut off on 1 side, then it should be cut off at exactly the same point on the other side of the bag. The pattern should also look straight, never at an angle or crooked.
Note that if the logo is hidden or cut off any where it is likely a knockoff. The other designs on a Louis Vuitton bag might be cut off at some places, but the LV logo will not be cut off on an authentic bag.
4. **Look for upside down LV’s on the back of the bag.** Since Louis Vuitton uses one continuous strip of leather to make bags, the LV logos should appear right side up on the front side of the bag and upside down on the backside of the bag. If the bag was not made from 1 continuous strip or if the LV logos are right side up on both sides of the bag, then it is likely a fake.
Keep in mind that this only applies to Louis Vuitton bags that feature the logo on them. If your bag lacks this, then it won’t be a reliable way to authenticate the bag.
5. **Examine the overall quality of the bag’s hardware and zipper.** The hardware and zipper should be real metal with a gold coating on them. There should not be any discoloration or tarnish on the metal. It should look shiny and bright. If the hardware is plastic or if it looks tarnished, it’s likely a knockoff bag. Some other hardware features to look for include:
Clean, precise printing on the hardware. You should be able to easily make out the words Louis Vuitton on the bag’s zipper pull and other hardware features.
LV logos printed on the snaps if the bag has snaps. If the bag has snaps, but they don’t have a logo on them, then it is likely a fake.
6. **Look for a patina on the bag’s handles if it’s vintage.** Over time, a Louis Vuitton’s handles will change from a bright white color to a brown or even a brownish red. This is a result of the leather oxidizing and absorbing oils from the owner’s skin as they handle the bag. The change in color is called the patina. It’s a normal part of the leather’s aging process. If you find a bag that is marketed as vintage and does not have a patina, then it is likely a fake.
For example, if the bag was supposedly made in the 1990s, then the handles should be a deep shade of brown. If they are still a light tan or white, then the bag is a fake.
7. **Look for 5 mustard-yellow stitches across the top of each handle.** Louis Vuitton ensures that their bags have this number of stitches and they use a mustard-yellow thread to sew them, so more or less than 5 stiches or a different color of thread would be a dead giveaway that the bag is a fake.
For example, if the thread is brown or black, it’s likely a fake.
The stitching should look very neat and even as well. If the stitching is sloppy, the bag is likely a knockoff.
8. **Inspect the interior lining to see if it’s brown canvas.** Knock-offs use cheap plastic or suede to line their bags. However, an authentic Louis Vuitton will be lined with a brown canvas material.
Depending on the specific design, a real Louis Vuitton bag may be lined with other textiles, such as cross-grain leather, polyester, or microfiber suede.
9. **Research the seller before you buy.** This is especially important if you’re purchasing a bag from an online auction or through a similar online venue. Check the seller’s feedback to see how their other customers have rated their products. Look for sellers with an overwhelmingly large percentage of positive feedback comments.
Avoid sellers with negative feedback, zero feedback, or private feedback.
Avoid sellers who have a no return policy as this indicates that they don't guarantee the quality of their products.
10. **Be wary of sellers offering a bag at a considerably discounted price.** A legitimate bag that retails in the hundreds would not sell for less than $100, especially not a new bag. This means that if the bag you find is supposed to be new and it's selling for a low price, it is probably a knockoff.
You can find used Louis Vuitton bags for less than brand new ones, but these bags may also be quite expensive if they are rare or coveted by collectors.
11. **Avoid sellers offering "wholesale" or "closeout" bags.** Any seller who claims to have bags from a "wholesale list" or "closeout liquidation" is likely to be selling fakes. Louis Vuitton does not discount, have outlets, or sell wholesale. Any seller who claims otherwise should not be trusted. If you encounter a seller claiming to have bags from a closeout or wholesale, then the bags are likely to be fake.
Also, don’t buy Louis Vuitton purses from street vendors, since the company does not permit street vendors to carry their merchandise. These bags are most likely fake. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Spot-Fake-Louis-Vuitton-Purses", "language": "en"} |
How to Help a Cat Cough Up a Hairball | Hairballs are a relatively common problem in cats, though typically your cat should only bring up 1 a week or so. If your cat seems to be having trouble with a hairball, you can try a home remedy, such as a hairball paste or even petroleum jelly. However, if your cat is exhibiting signs of digestive blockage, you should consult a vet. Also, sometimes cats with asthma can seem like they're hacking up a hairball, so if you think this may be the issue, take your cat to the vet for a diagnosis.
1. **Give hairball paste to your cat to get the hairball moving.** This type of paste acts as a lubricant for the hairball, and it is specifically made for cats. You just place a little bit on your cat's paw, and it will lick it off.
Use a small strip of the paste on the cat's fur. If your cat shakes it off its front paw, try smearing it lightly underneath the front elbow.
Hairball pastes come in fun flavors your cat will likely enjoy, such as salmon. You may be able to just put some on a plate for your cat to lick.
In most cases, you'll need to give your cat multiple applications of the hairball paste. Treat your cat with the paste twice a day for 3 to 5 days until the hairball passes.
2. **Use a ⁄2 teaspoon (2.5 mL) of petroleum jelly for a cheap option.** This home remedy can act as a laxative for your cat, which can help move the hairball. Apply the jelly to a paw so your cat can lick it off. Try to rub it in a little so the cat can't shake it off.
If your cat shakes it off, try placing it in an area that's more difficult for it to shake off, such as underneath the front leg.
3. **Give your cat 4-6 hairball remedy treats to prevent future hairballs.** You can find several brands of dry hairball remedy treats at your pet store. These treats may help your cat pass its hairball, but they work best for preventing future hairballs. Follow the package directions on how many to give your cat.
These are an easy solution because there's no messy paste or gel. Your cat will often just chomp them down.
Once your cat passes its hairball, continue to give it the hairball remedy treats to prevent future hairballs.
4. **Try a hairball control cat food for a long-term solution.** Changing your cat's food may help with the current hairball. However, it's more likely to help prevent more in the future. Look for one that claims "hairball control."
This foods employ different methods to treat hairballs, such as increasing fiber or omega-3 fatty acids in the food.
5. **Add a spoonful of canned pumpkin to your cat's food.** Pumpkin contains fiber that may help your cat pass the hairball. Mix it in with canned food, so your cat is more willing to eat it.
Other fiber options you can try include wheatgrass powder, coconut fiber powder, or psyllium seed husk powder. Mix a ⁄2 teaspoon (2.5 mL) or so into the cat's wet food.
6. **Pour a ⁄4 teaspoon (1.2 mL) of olive oil in your cat's food.** Mix it in with wet cat food or even a bit of dry cat food. Olive oil acts as a mild laxative, which helps move the hairball.
While you can use this treatment every once and a while, try not to use it weekly. Your cat's body prefers meat-based fat sources.
7. **Watch for loss of appetite.** If your cat suddenly stops eating, pay attention, particularly if it lasts for more than a day. That's a sign your cat needs to go to the vet to help determine what's wrong.
Not eating could be a sign your cat's digestive system is blocked by a hairball.
8. **Notice if your cat hacks without bringing up a hairball.** If your cat is continually hacking but not producing anything, that could be a sign your cat has a blockage in its digestive system. Pay particular attention if your cat hacks without production several times in one day.
You should also check to see if your cat is defecating. If it's not, then it definitely has a blockage and needs to be seen by a vet.
Alternatively, your cat may have diarrhea because it can't get much around the blockage.
9. **Check the cat's stomach and energy levels.** Place your hand on the cat's stomach. If it feels harder than normal, that could indicate a blockage. Your cat may also seem really lethargic, like it doesn't have the energy to do much.
10. **Take your cat to the vet if it's exhibiting multiple symptoms.** If your cat is severely blocked, home remedies may not cut it. In fact, blockages can lead to death if left unchecked since your cat won't be able to digest food.
Plus, the problem may not be a hairball, and you'll need your vet to diagnose it.
11. **Expect a physical examination.** The veterinarian will begin by using their hands to exam the cat. They may feel the cat's stomach, for instance, to see if it's hard. They'll also inspect the cat visually.
During this time, the vet will likely be asking you questions about the cat's medical history and its recent symptoms.
12. **Be ready for diagnostic tests.** Your vet will likely want to do blood work. They may also perform X-rays or an ultrasound on your cat. These tests can help your vet determine if and where your cat has a blockage, so they can decide on the best course of treatment.
13. **Be prepared for the cat to stay at the vet for a few days.** If your cat does have a blockage, the vet will likely keep it at the clinic. They'll give your cat a laxative to see if it relieves the blockage, while monitoring the cat's digestive progress closely.
If the blockage isn't serious enough for the cat to stay, your vet will make recommendations for home remedies, such as mineral oil.
14. **Discuss the possibility of surgery.** If your cat has a blockage from a hairball, it may need surgery to remove it. Your vet will let you know if your cat's situation is serious enough to warrant surgery.
15. **Notice how your cat hacks.** Cats with asthma have a specific kind of hacking position. Generally, they crouch down and extend their neck forward while they are hacking. Pay attention to see if your cat uses this position.
If your cat gets in this position and often doesn't produce anything when hacking, that could be a sign of asthma.
16. **Listen for a cough rather than a hack.** While cat coughing can seem like hacking, it will likely have more wheezing to it. It can also sound like a "dry" or "wet" cough, but it may seem like your cat is hacking up mucus and then swallowing it.
Your cat may stick its tongue out while coughing.
17. **Pay attention to signs your cat is having trouble breathing.** Your cat may seem to get "winded" more easily than normal. You may even hear wheezing-like breathing after it runs around a bit.
If your cat is having a particularly hard time breathing, it may breathe with its mouth open.
18. **Groom your cat daily until its coat is under control, if it has hairballs.** Hairballs are often avoidable! Your cat gets hairballs from eating its fur as it grooms. If you brush away that fur, your cat won't eat it. If your cat currently or recently had hairballs, groom it daily until the grooming brush collects little fur. You can then adjust your grooming schedule to fit its coat length.
Your cat may have a build up of shed hair, which is causing its hairballs.
Even short-haired cats shed and need grooming!
19. **Comb and brush long-haired cats daily to avoid hairballs.** Work the comb through the fur first, then go over it with a brush. Not only will this help prevent hairballs, it will also keep your cat's fur clean and unmatted. Give your cat lots of love when you groom it, and offer it a treat so it views grooming more positively.
Clean your comb and brush after each grooming session.
20. **Brush short-haired cats twice a week to control their coat.** Even short-haired cats shed, so they need to be regularly groomed. This helps avoid hairballs and keeps their coat shiny. During grooming, give your cat lots of pets to make the experience more pleasant. You should also give the cat treats to reward it.
Remember to clean your brush after each grooming session. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Help-a-Cat-Cough-Up-a-Hairball", "language": "en"} |
How to Cook Clams on the Grill | Grilled clams are a delicious treat, especially in the middle of summer. Even if you don’t have much cooking experience, grilling clams isn’t that hard. For the best tasting grilled clams, make sure you select fresh clams at your local seafood market. Then, clean them to remove as much sand and grit as possible. After tossing them on your grill for a few minutes, cover them with a butter sauce, a brandied cherry topper, or a flavoring of your own creation.
1. **Buy fresh clams at the seafood market.** Closely inspect each clam before you buy it. If you see a clam that’s open, just tap on the shell. If the clam doesn’t close, don't get it because it’s not alive and won’t taste fresh.
Don’t choose any clam with a shell that’s cracked or broken.
Smell the clams to make sure they’re fresh. Don’t get any that smell fishy or like ammonia. This can be a sign of spoilage.
Keep the clams cool while you transport them home.
2. **Put your clams in a large bowl of cold water.** After adding your clams to the cold water, add a little salt. Be sure not to use warm or hot water, as this may kill your clams.
This soaking process will help filter sand and grit from your clams, which will help improve the taste and texture of your dish.
3. **Refrigerate your bowl of clams for 20 minutes.** Leave the bowl uncovered in your fridge. This step will help remove sand and grit from your clams.
Covering the bowl may suffocate the clams.
If you have limited room in your refrigerator and are making a lot of clams, you can use 2 bowls instead of 1.
4. **Transfer the clams to a fresh bowl of cold, salted water and let them soak.** Once you’ve allowed your clams to soak in a bowl of cold water for 20 minutes, take the bowl out of the refrigerator. Then, fill a fresh bowl with cold, salted water. Move the clams 1 at a time to this new bowl. Put the bowl in the fridge for 20 minutes.
You’ll want to transfer the clams 1 at a time so that water from the first bowl, which will be full of sand and grit, doesn’t get into the new bowl.
5. **Repeat the process twice until the clams are grit-free.** After letting the clams soak, move them to a new bowl full of cold, salted water and put it in the fridge for another 20 minutes.
In most cases, 3 soaks should be enough to filter most of the sand and grit out of your clams. If you see a lot of sand or grit in the bowl’s water after the third soak, though, you can repeat this process 1 more time.
Always make sure not to pour any of the dirty water from a used bowl into a new bowl.
6. **Use a stiff-bristle brush to scrub the clams’ shells.** Continue scrubbing the clams until you’ve removed as much debris and grit from their shells as possible. Then, rinse them with cold water and place them in a large, clean bowl.
You don’t need to scrub too long and hard. Scrubbing each clam for a few seconds should be sufficient.
7. **Cook the clams within 2 days of buying them.** It’s best to cook your clams as soon as possible. If that’s not an option, however, you can keep them for up to 2 days in a refrigerator. Throw out any clams that have been in your refrigerator for more than 2 days to avoid foodborne illnesses.
When refrigerating clams, keep them in an uncovered bowl or another container.
8. **Preheat your charcoal grill** If you’re using a charcoal grill, open the grill’s bottom vent. Then, light your charcoal briquettes in a large chimney starter. Once ash begins to cover the briquettes on top, dump the coals in the grill, and put on the grill grate. Then cover the grill with its lid, with the lid’s vent open.
Let the grill sit for about 5 minutes, or until it’s hot, before adding your clams.
If you don’t have a large chimney starter, you can also light your charcoal right in the grill. This method, however, may take a little longer.
9. **Set all your burners to high for 15 minutes if you’re using a gas grill.** Then cover your grill. Let it heat up for about 15 minutes before adding any of your clams.
Once your grill grate is hot, you can clean and oil it if you’d like.
10. **Put the clams directly on the grill grate and cover them.** Use a pair of grill tongs to put the clams directly on top of the hot grill grate. Space them out evenly. Then, cover the grill.
Instead of putting the clams directly on the grill grate, you can also place them on a baking sheet and then put the baking sheet on the grill.
11. **Grill the clams for 2 minutes and then check on their progress.** You’ll know your clams are cooked when they open. Open the cover of the grill, and use your pair of grill tongs to remove any clams that have opened from the grill. Once you’ve done this, close the cover again.
After you take the clams off the grill, place them in a large bowl.
12. **Continue to grill the clams in 30-second increments until they all open.** Open the lid and check your clams every 30 seconds and remove any clams that have opened. Continue grilling until you’ve removed every clam from the grate.
When taking a clam off the grill, be careful not to spill any of the clam juice. You’ll want to keep this for flavor.
Throw out any clams that don’t open after around 10 minutes on the grill.
13. **Pour a lemon-cayenne butter sauce over your clams to add a rich flavor.** To make a sauce for 2 dozen clams, first mince 1 large garlic clove. Then, use a mortar and pestle to mash the minced garlic and a large pinch of salt into a paste. Mix the garlic paste in a small bowl with 4 tablespoons (59 mL) of melted butter (unsalted), 2 teaspoons (9.9 mL) of lemon juice, and a pinch of cayenne pepper.
You can either drizzle the sauce over the clams while they’re still in their shells or dip them in a sauce.
You can add more lemon juice and/or cayenne pepper according to your taste.
14. **Top your clams with brandied cherries for a sweeter option.** Place ½ cup (160 g) of cherry preserves in a saucepan and cook them over low heat on your stove. When the preserves become warm, remove the saucepan from the stove. Then, stir in 1 tablespoon (15 mL) of brandy, ¼ teaspoon (0.6 g) of ground black pepper, and 1 tablespoon (3 g) snipped fresh chives.
Drizzle the topping over your clams and serve them hot.
15. **Keep your clams out for no more than 2 hours after grilling them.** Once you finish grilling and seasoning your clams, try to eat them as soon as possible. Bacteria grows quickly in clams, and eating one that has been left out for more than 2 hours can make you sick.
Leave clams out for no more than 1 hour if temperatures are above 90 °F (32 °C).
You can leave the clams out longer than 2 hours if you keep them heated continuously with a hot lamp, hot plate, or crock-pot.
You can store cooked clams for up to 2 days in your refrigerator or 3 months in your freezer. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Cook-Clams-on-the-Grill", "language": "en"} |
How to Deal With a Gambling Addiction | Pathological gambling involves an inability to control gambling which can lead to psychological issues, as well as financial, professional, and legal consequences. Gambling can activate the brain’s reward system, much like other addictions, which can make it very difficult to quit. However, you can deal appropriately with your gambling problem by recognizing your issue, coping with it, managing triggers to gambling, and getting help and support.
1. **Recognize your behavior for what it is.** Admitting the problem is the first major step in dealing with it. If you first recognize the signs of your problem, you can then learn to modify your behavior.
Signs and symptoms of a gambling problem include: getting a thrill from taking gambling risks, taking increasingly bigger gambling risks over time, a preoccupation with gambling, reliving past gambling experiences (through imagination or telling stories), using gambling as a way to escape problems or negative feelings, feeling guilt or remorse after gambling, and repeated failed efforts to cut back on gambling.
Additional social issues associated with gambling include: taking time away from work or family life to gamble, concealing or lying about gambling, and borrowing money or stealing to gamble.
2. **Accept the consequences of your gambling.** Gambling excessively can cause many issues including: relationship problems, financial issues, legal problems, occupational concerns (job loss), substance use, poor health, and mental health issues (such as depression).
Do you lose time from work to gamble? Do you extend yourself beyond your means by gambling away money that you have set aside to pay your rent, mortgage, or other bills? Do you use credit cards to gamble? Are you secretive about where the money's gone to after you've gambled?
Make a list of all of the consequences you have encountered due to your gambling. Also, identify people you have hurt as a result of your gambling such as family and friends.
3. **Understand the risks of gambling.** Knowing the risks of gambling may help encourage people who gamble to consider the consequences before deciding to gamble.
Excessive gambling can lead to depression, anxiety, aggression, increased suicide risk, relationship issues and stress-related illnesses.
Pathological and addictive gambling can result in decreased decision-making skills and reduce your ability to evaluate the consequences of your actions.
4. **Be honest about your gambling.** Don't be secretive about your finances or your gambling. Be honest with yourself and others about money spent gambling.
Pay bills immediately, when you have funds set aside to pay them.
Add up losses and keep a running tally. When you've added up losses from a gambling session, list the things that you might have purchased with that money, or other debts you could have paid down.
Admit it to yourself and others when you have gambled.
5. **Identify your triggers and cope with them.** Knowing what your triggers to gambling are can help you become better at dealing with your impulse to gamble. Triggers are thoughts, feelings, situations, and behaviors which make you want to gamble. For example, being around friends who gamble is a powerful trigger for many gamblers.
Identify your triggers by keeping a thought journal. When you have the desire to gamble, stop at that moment and write down your thoughts (possible trigger such as thinking about gambling), feelings (perhaps boredom which is a trigger to gambling), and ways you are going to cope with your trigger.
Do negative emotions such as stress or sadness lead to your gambling? If so, you may need to learn better ways to deal with these emotions.
Do you often gamble when you are looking for excitement? If so, boredom could be a big trigger for you. You may need to keep yourself busy or engage in other exciting (and safe) activities to fulfill your need for a thrill.
Try listening to music. Music may help calm and relax you in order to reduce impulsivity and deal with triggers to gamble.
6. **Don't put yourself in a position to gamble.** An individual with a gambling problem cannot gamble sensibly because the addict may be hooked on the adrenaline rush associated with "the chase." It is difficult to be in control if you are preoccupied with the feeling you get from an activity.
If friends suggest a trip to the casino, be honest with yourself and with others about the fact that, for you, gambling has gone beyond being recreational. Suggest another activity or opt out of this particular one.
At the earlier stages of recovery, avoid even driving past a gambling hall.
Avoid going to places that encourage gambling such as Las Vegas, Nevada. If you surround yourself with gambling it can make it very difficult to resist the urge to make a bet.
7. **Change your thinking about gambling.** Negative thinking habits such as irrational beliefs, the illusion of control, and the gamblers fallacy can lead to increases in gambling behaviors. Reduce these negative thoughts by identifying them and modifying them.
The illusion of control is common in people who gamble. It is the belief that you can somehow control the outcome of the game. In order to counter this thought, remind yourself that no strategy or trick can control the outcome; it is impossible to control the game (whether it be cards, online poker, betting on a sports game or horse race, or using slot machines). Each throw of the dice is independent and random.
The gamblers fallacy is when someone believes that a random event is less likely to happen due to a previous event. For example, a person may believe that his chances of losing a game of cards is less likely because he just lost; therefore, he believes it is more likely that he will win this time around. However, statistically speaking, the odds are exactly the same as before.
Superstitious thinking is also a common thinking habit associated with gambling. You may believe that random incidents have meaning. For example, if you are betting at the horse race track, perhaps you always pick a certain horse with a particular name because you believe it is lucky. Remind yourself that superstitious thinking occurs due to random events that occur together; it does not actually mean something is lucky.
Reduce risk-taking behaviors by thinking logically about the consequences and outcome of the situation. When you want to gamble, think about how much money you have lost and are likely to lose if you make a bet.
8. **Prepare words to tell yourself when you want to gamble.** Planning on what to tell yourself when you feel the urge to gamble can help ensure that you have a strategy when the time comes; this strategy can help you limit or eradicate your gambling.
You can start by telling yourself, “It is too risky to gamble. I know that if I start I won’t be able to stop. I need to avoid it altogether.”
Explore different ideas of things to tell yourself and pick the ones that work best for you. You can write them down on index cards if you are likely to forget them. Then you can take them out and read them out loud when you have the urge to gamble.
9. **Limit substance use.** Substance use including alcohol and other drugs have been linked to increased gambling behaviors. When you drink alcohol and use other substances, this lowers your inhibition and decreases your ability to make logical decisions.
Avoid drinking too much alcohol. A few drinks may be fine depending on your tolerance and weight, but being inebriated is a big risk factor for problem gambling. Your coping resources and ability to resist urges will be significantly decreased if you are intoxicated.
10. **Increase impulse control.** Some gamblers may have a distinct problem with impulse control. Impulses are like cravings, they are automatic urges to do something such as gambling.
When you have an impulse to gamble, stop and take a breath instead of acting immediately.
Take a step back and observe your thoughts and feelings. What thoughts are you having? What feelings do you have?
Identify ways to cope or alternative activities to engage in. Practice what works for you.
11. **Manage your moods.** Moods, especially depression and anxiety, may be a direct link to gambling behaviors in some gamblers. Learn better ways to cope with your negative emotions.
Try managing your emotions by writing them down, expressing them through art or dance, or talking to someone about them.
12. **Get social support.** Social support is an integral component of recovery from gambling.
Tell your family about your issue if they do not already know about it. You could say something like, "I want you to know that I have been having a problem resisting gambling. I know it has caused problems for me in my life and I want to stop. I would appreciate your support."
Talk to friends about the issue and keep them informed. They can help you avoid triggers to gambling. You could say something like, "Hey, I just want to let you know I've been having an issue with gambling too much and I want to cut down. If you could support me in this that would be helpful for me." This way, your friends will understand if you don't want to go on that trip to a casino or Las Vegas.
13. **Join a support group.** Support groups can provide you with a safe environment to discuss your issue with gambling. It may also help you enjoy a congregation of individuals with similar struggles which can be very comforting and make you feel less alone in your recovery process.
For example, Gamblers Anonymous is a 12-step program that meets internationally and has helped many people with their gambling issue.
14. **Talk to a therapist.** Your gambling may be out of control if: it's affecting your relationships, finances, or work or school life, you're devoting more and more time and energy to gambling, you've unsuccessfully tried to stop or cut back on your gambling, you try to conceal your gambling from family or others, you resort to theft or fraud to get gambling money, or if you ask others to bail you out of financial woes because you've gambled money away. These types of issues can add up, and professional help is out there if you are open to it.
Contact your health insurance for a list of approved therapists. If you do not have health insurance you can conduct a search for low-cost, sliding scale, or free mental health clinics in your neighborhood.
Ask questions of your therapist such as: What's the best approach to my gambling problem? Should I see a psychiatrist, psychologist, addiction counselor or other mental health provider?
15. **Explore different types of treatment.** Knowing what types of treatments are available can help you make a decision on what type may be best for you and your needs.
Behavior therapy is a common form of treatment for gambling issues. This type of treatment uses systematic exposure to the behavior you want to unlearn (gambling) and teaches you skills to reduce your urge to gamble.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is another effective form of therapy which focuses on identifying unhealthy, irrational and negative beliefs and replacing them with healthy, positive ones.
16. **Consider medication.** Taking prescribed medications is an option if you find that your efforts to control your gambling have not worked. Antidepressants and mood stabilizers may help treat conditions that often coincide with a gambling addiction, but may not directly treat the gambling itself.
Discuss options for medication with your doctor (general practitioner) or psychiatrist. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Deal-With-a-Gambling-Addiction", "language": "en"} |
How to Make Money Online Without a Website | Building a website and attracting traffic to earn advertising revenue is a proven way to earn money online. However, for those who do not want the trouble of creating or maintaining a website, there are ways to make significant amounts of money online without one. This article covers a few of the more common ways of doing this.
1. **Teach online classes.** Certain websites allow skilled or knowledgable people to record lessons that others can pay to view. The teachers then can participate in forums to help their students through difficult parts of their content. Doing this not only allows you to share your skills with other people, but also earns a steady stream of income if many people participate in your class.
2. **Sell your hand-made goods online.** People love buying interesting crafts and hand-made objects. Online stores like Etsy allow creative and crafty people to make money by selling their products. Be sure to enter the marketplace with something that differentiates your product from other offerings already available on the site.
3. **Sell your skills.** There are a number of sites that connect skilled individuals with people in need of those skills. Whether you are a graphic designer, lawyer, or translator, you can find someone willing to pay you a reasonable amount for your work. Try searching for "freelance work online" and check out the first few results.
4. **Write an eBook.** While it may seem like a daunting task to write an entire book, Ebooks do not need to be long to be informative and valuable. You just have to figure out what you know how to do that others would want to know and organize your information in book format. Of course the actual writing process will take time, but with online publishing services, publishing and selling your eBook will be a breeze.
Your eBook can be easily published using a variety of online publishing services, such as those hosted by Google, Amazon, and Barnes and Noble. At each site you can submit your book and, once it is approved, will be listed for sale. Because your book is digital, the copies cost you nothing to sell.
Excluding time to write and convert to eBook format, you may earn a profit. However, average revenues from an ebook are less than $300. There are lots of competitors, many of whom spend hours promoting their books. So you may earn money from this venture, but don't expect to bring in a huge profit.
5. **Create YouTube Videos.** YouTube allows content creators to earn money from advertising based on how many views they receive. The payout isn't much, about $1–$3 per 1000 views, but that can add up quickly with as you post more videos and gain more viewers. An added benefit here is that you can create videos about whatever you want, as long as you think others will want to watch it.
Be aware that videos, like eBooks, are unlikely to bring in much money. You face an enormous amount of competition, and it's pretty unlikely your videos will be viewed by anyone other than family and friends.
6. **Complete online surveys.** There is a market for people willing to take various types of surveys provided by organizations and corporations. The pay is relatively low per survey, but doing a lot of them will net you a reasonable payout. Be advised that some of these survey sites pay in gift certificates or other non-cash forms of payment.
7. **Become a virtual assistant.** Another option is to become an online assistant for someone who lacks the time to complete simple tasks. These tasks could include writing emails, purchasing gifts, or making dinner reservations. This certainly could be among the most interesting ways to make money online. However, many of these assistants work full-time and this would require you to constantly be available for your employer during the day.
8. **Work for Amazon's Mechanical Turk.** This program allows you to quickly complete small tasks that Amazon's automated computers are unable to do, such as describing the color of a shirt. Each task only takes a few seconds, but also only earns a few cents for the worker. With practice and focus though, some workers are able to make up to minimum wage.
9. **Sell products on eBay on consignment.** Selling on eBay doesn't always mean selling your own stuff or even buying the products at all. Many sellers make a business of selling on consignment and keeping a portion of the sale price. This can be done from home or with a brick and mortar store. Another option is to become an eBay trading assistant and do consignment work directly for eBay. See How to Make Money on eBay Selling Consignment for Others.
10. **Become a wholesaler.** A wholesaler buys products in bulk at a low rate and earns money by reselling that product to buyers at a higher rate. While many wholesalers have their own website, others run businesses directly through Amazon or other online retailers. Consider the market for your product, potential earnings, and inventory storage before deciding to become a wholesaler. See How to Buy Wholesale for more information on how to get started.
Sell products through drop shipping. This process is essentially a simplified version of wholesaling, but instead of taking control of the inventory yourself, you simply sell the products and allow a third party to fulfill your order for you. That is, when your item is purchased from the online retailer where you've registered it (eBay, Amazon, etc.), the manufacturer takes care of shipping your product to the buyer. This reduces the risks of leftover inventory and complicated logistics that are common in wholesaling.
11. **Find an affiliate product to promote.** You will act as a middleman between the producer of the product and the consumer without ever touching the product. Be sure to choose a product that you believe is in demand and underrepresented by current advertising. You will need to buy a domain name, but you will not need to set up a website, as your domain name will redirect people to the product's website.
Generally, you will get the biggest commissions on digital products. Digital products are defined as something that is downloaded directly to a customer's computer after purchasing, like electronic books or software. Since there is no extra cost per unit, no inventory and no shipping, the commissions are much greater than on regular "physical" goods. The most common commission on digital products is 50%.
Sign up for an affiliate membership site as a reseller. This will allow you to build a residual income and the retention rate is much higher than just selling a product once and getting paid. After you sign up, you will get a unique affiliate link where you need to send people to purchase the product. Your affiliate link will have a special code that will tell the product owner that it's you who referred the customer. The affiliate link code will allow your commissions to be tracked correctly and assigned to you.
12. **Get a domain name to redirect to your affiliate link.** These can be purchased cheaply from a hosting website. It's important to note that unlike having your own website you don't have to pay for hosting which is usually more expensive than buying and registering a domain name.
When someone types in your domain in their browser, it will go to your affiliate link. The visitor will see the website with the product you promote, and the commissions will be tracked correctly.
The reason why you need a domain name is that it's memorable and it makes you look more trustworthy. Affiliate links tend to be too long and arouse suspicion. For example, most people would rather click on the link bestwidgets.com as opposed to abcwidgets.com?reseller=john.
13. **Increase traffic going through your domain.** In order to make sales, you need to get visitors to your domain name (which will forward them to the website of the product that you resell). You can pay for advertising and hope that your profit will be greater than advertising cost, or you can use free ways to generate traffic.
The most effective way to get free targeted visitors to your domain name is by writing and submitting articles. You can write short articles on the topic related to the product that you promote and include your domain name at the end. You will then submit your articles to various websites, and allow them to publish your articles as long as your link is included. Your articles may be published in many places on the Internet (depending upon quality and relevance of the article to the website owner), and will be advertising your affiliate link at no cost to you whatsoever. People will read your articles, like what you have to say and click on your domain name link ready to buy. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Money-Online-Without-a-Website", "language": "en"} |
How to Clean a Raincoat | Even though your raincoat probably spends most of its time exposed to water, it will get dirty with enough use. To discover the best way to wash your raincoat, check the care tag near the collar. Most manufacturers recommend machine washing your raincoat on a gentle setting. Some suggest (or require) washing with a specialized fabric cleaner designed for synthetic fabrics. If you'd prefer, you could take your raincoat to a dry cleaner to ensure it gets a professional treatment.
1. **Check the label.** The care label is located on the inside of your raincoat near the collar. It includes information provided by the manufacturer on how to clean your raincoat. Once you've read the care label, follow its instructions closely in order to most effectively clean your raincoat.
2. **Wash your raincoat in the washing machine.** Close all buttons, zippers, and loops on your raincoat, including those on the pockets. If your coat has a removable belt, remove it. Place the raincoat in the washing machine. Add a mild, nontoxic, biodegradable detergent. Set the washing machine to delicate or hand wash and run the cycle with cold water.
If you have a top-loading machine, check the machine's user manual. Waterproof clothing might interfere with the machine's operation.
If you use a regular laundry detergent to clean your raincoat, rinse it twice to remove detergent residue.
You might wish to run your raincoat through multiple spin cycles in order to get rid of excess water.
3. **Use a synthetic fabric cleaner.** There are a number of products available that are specially designed to clean your raincoat. While specific instructions for use vary with the product you decide to use, you can generally substitute these products for regular laundry detergent. Simply measure the appropriate amount and pour it into the laundry machine along with your raincoat.
Popular products include Nikwax Tech Wash, Atsko's Sport Wash, and ReviveX.
When using a synthetic fabric cleaner, you'll probably have to wash the raincoat separately from the rest of your laundry.
Check product instructions before using a synthetic fabric cleaner.
4. **Dry your coat.** Hang your coat using a hanger, or lay it flat in a well-ventilated area. It might be possible to place your raincoat in a dryer on low or even medium heat, though you'll have to zip/button it up first.
If placing your raincoat in the dryer, throw in a few towels to absorb excess moisture and soften the coat's impact against the dryer.
If you suspect your dryer's low or medium setting is still too high for your raincoat, you could toss an old coat or other garment that you don't care about containing polyester, nylon, or another synthetic fabric into the dryer first to test it. Examine the garment afterwards for flaking or cracks in the material on either the inside or outside.
Do not iron your raincoat. The rainproof coating will melt.
5. **Spot clean using soapy water.** If your raincoat only has a small spill or area that needs cleaning, there's probably no need to subject it to the rigors of a machine wash. Mix a bit of mild liquid dish soap into some warm water until it is sudsy. Dip a clean sponge into the water. Gently wipe away at the spot you're interested in cleaning.
Avoid using soaps containing perfumes, enzymes, or surfactants.
6. **Clean the coat by hand.** Fill your tub or large sink with a shallow layer of hot water. Mix in mild soap flakes until the water is sudsy. Dunk the raincoat in the water. Take it out and place it on a clean, flat surface. Gently scrub the whole coat using a soft sponge or scrubbing brush.
Start by scrubbing the outside of the coat, then move on to the inside.
Dip your sponge or brush back into the soapy water regularly to prevent it from drying out.
Drain the water after you're done cleaning the raincoat. Place the raincoat in the sink or tub and rinse it off with cool water from the faucet or showerhead.
7. **Take your coat to a dry cleaner.** If the instructions provided by the care label seem onerous, or if you suspect that you are unequal to the task of cleaning it, you could choose to take the raincoat to a dry cleaners. If your raincoat has challenging care instructions, your dry cleaner may ask you to sign a waiver conceding that you will not hold them responsible for any damage that might occur in cleaning it.
If your raincoat contains polyurethane, do not take it to the dry cleaner. Polyurethane might be listed on the manufacturer's label as “PU” or “PVC.” Coats containing this material will crack and flake off when subjected to dry cleaning. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Clean-a-Raincoat", "language": "en"} |
How to Lower Your Fasting Blood Sugar | Your fasting blood sugar level, also known as your glucose level, indicates how well your body manages your glucose levels without food in your system. High levels of fasting glucose indicates that your body has a hard time keeping its glucose level stable on its own. It could also indicate that an adjustment needs to be made to the insulin or medication you already take if you have been diagnosed with diabetes. Besides insulin, there are also some other things you can do to help your body maintain its glucose, such as exercise and diet changes. This is especially true if your fasting sugar levels are just slightly above normal and you are not considered diabetic yet.
1. **Avoid late night sugary snacks.** If you have diabetes and you are continually getting spikes in your nighttime fasting sugar levels, you may need to change your eating schedule. Eating foods late at night that contain a lot of sugar or that can be converted into sugar easily, such as simple carbohydrates, can cause your fasting sugar level to soar.
There are some diabetics that snack before bed to prevent their blood sugar from getting too low, which is called hypoglycemia. However, regular bouts of hypoglycemia indicate that you should have your medication and insulin schedule adjusted by your doctor.
2. **Lower your blood sugar level before going to sleep.** High morning glucose levels can be caused by your levels being high before you go to sleep. Be sure to test your glucose level before going to sleep and reduce them if they are too high. This can be done with insulin or medication or with evening exercise.
3. **Adjust your insulin schedule.** If you take insulin regularly and you are experiencing morning spikes in your blood sugar, then you should talk to your doctor about this problem. They should work on adjusting your schedule or the amount or type of insulin you take to account for this spike.
Do not adjust your insulin schedule without first talking to your doctor.
4. **Discuss changing your medications with your doctor.** Certain people with diabetes have to take medication in addition to insulin. These medications can help to control spikes in your glucose level and they may need to be adjusted if you are having spikes in your fasting level on a regular basis.
For example, a person with type 1 diabetes may take an amylinomimetic drug to control how quickly their stomach digests food. Changing how much or how often someone takes this medication can help with high fasting glucose levels.
5. **Use an insulin pump to give early morning insulin.** If you are having continual problems with your glucose levels in the morning and medication, insulin, and lifestyle changes have not helped, then an insulin pump may be your best solution. An insulin pump is attached to your body and it injects insulin into your body on a schedule that you set. You can use it to give yourself insulin in the middle of the night if you tend to have a spike in your glucose levels then.
Because it works even when you are asleep, an insulin pump can help to minimize morning spikes.
6. **Set a good eating schedule.** If you are having a hard time maintaining your fasting sugar level, then changing your eating schedule may be key. Just eating on a regular schedule allows your body to respond more predictably to changes in your blood sugar caused by food. This means that skipping meals can give your trouble. It's also a good idea to discuss your blood sugar problems with your doctor and figure out when the optimal time to eat a meal would be before periods of fasting.
If your blood sugar levels are getting too high during your sleep it may be because you are eating too close to bedtime. Instead, give yourself some time between eating and going to bed so that you can ensure that your glucose levels are stabilized after digestion.
7. **Reduce the amount of sugar, sodium, fat, and processed foods you eat.** In order to get your fasting sugar level under control, it's important to cut out foods that cause spikes in your blood sugar and generally tax your body systems. Cutting them out allows your body to more easily maintain its glucose level, even when not eating.
Processed foods, such as pre-packaged meals, tend to have extremely high levels of saturated fat, sodium, sugar, and simple carbohydrates.
8. **Eat more whole foods.** Whole foods, such as whole grains, lean proteins, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products can help your glucose levels. One reason is that they don't break down into sugar very quickly. These foods also give your system much needed nutrients that can help all body systems, including those that control your blood sugar.
A great lean protein to eat is fish. Fish contains both healthy fats and lean protein, which is better for maintaining your blood sugar level than protein sources that are higher in saturated fat, such as beef.
9. **Focus on eating a balanced diet.** In general, your body needs a balanced diet to operate at its best. By giving yourself a wide variety of foods, you are giving yourself the key building blocks of a healthy body.
A balanced diet includes a combination of fruit, vegetables, proteins, grains, and dairy.
10. **Exercise regularly.** Exercise is key for helping your body to manage its glucose levels. Regular exercise increases your sensitivity to insulin, which is responsible for keeping glucose levels steady. It also uses up excess glucose that would otherwise be in your system. To get these positive benefits, exercise regularly.
If you have diabetes, you need to be aware that glucose levels change when you exercise. It's important to monitor your glucose before and after exercise and make adjustments to your insulin accordingly.
11. **Reduce** Stress can have a direct impact on your fasting blood sugar because high blood pressure can also impact your glucose levels. You can reduce your blood pressure with diet changes and medication but stress reduction is also key.
When reducing your stress focus on both mental and physical stress. Relaxing both your mind and your body are key.
There are a wide variety of ways to reduce your stress and no one way will work for everyone. The key is to find an activity that brings you joy and relaxes your mind. This could be a hobby, such as sewing, or just a relaxing activity, such as reading a book while taking a bath. Then, when you have figured out what relaxes you, make the time to do that activity regularly.
12. **See your doctor regularly.** When you have diabetes, it is important to have medical checkups regularly. This will allow your doctor to keep an eye on your condition and to adjust any medications you are taking. Having regular adjustments to your insulin dosage is an important part of keeping your fasting blood sugar regulated.
With regular checkups your doctor can also look for medical conditions that can be related to diabetes, such as foot ulcers and nerve damage.
Regular checkups can also help keep you motivated to make positive changes that will improve your condition. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Lower-Your-Fasting-Blood-Sugar", "language": "en"} |
How to Prevent Electrical Shock | Electrical shock is no laughing matter, as it often results in serious injury and can even be fatal. Educating yourself about avoiding electric shock can help keep you safe and prevent a dangerous accident. This wikiHow will give you tips on preventing electrical shock.
1. **Learn how electricity works.** The first step in preventing a dangerous situation is to understand the cause of electric shock. Read books, articles, websites and blogs about electricity and safety measures to take when working with electricity.
In basic terms, electricity naturally tries to flow to the earth or ground through any and all materials that will conduct an electrical current.
Certain compounds, like wood and glass, are poor conductors of electricity. Other materials, like seawater and many metals, conduct very well. The human body is able to conduct a current largely due to the amount of sodium and water in the body, and an electric shock happens when electricity flows through parts of the body.
This happens most often when a direct source of electricity is exposed to human contact. It may also flow into a person through another conductor, like a pool of water or a metal pole.
To learn more about electricity and the cause of electric shock, read about it here or ask a trusted electrician.
2. **Know your limits.** There are some simple electrical problems around the house that you can handle yourself. However, any time you are having serious or major electrical issues, you should hire a professional electrician. It may be expensive, but it is cheaper than a stint in the hospital.
There are essentially two types of electricians you can hire, “master” electricians and “journeyman” electricians. Both types are usually licensed by the state - but not always. Master electricians generally own businesses and can employ other licensed electricians and helpers or apprentices, while journeyman electricians can work for a master electrician or be self-employed and hire a single helper or apprentice. The rules of what each type of electrician may do and may not do varies by state, county or locality.
3. **Find out electricity requirements.** The items and appliances in your household all have their own electrical requirements. Know the specific types of circuit breakers, fuses, and even lightbulbs that are required in your home. Make sure to replace them with the right parts when needed. Using incompatible parts could cause the equipment to function improperly, create an unsafe condition that may result in fire, injury or death.
4. **Turn the electricity off.** The first step that you need to take before attempting to fix any electrical problems yourself is to turn the electricity off in your home. This helps to ensure that, even if you make a mistake, you won't be electrocuted.
There will be a main electrical panel somewhere in your home (usually in a basement or garage). This panel has a simple on/off switch that allows you to cut the flow of electricity to your entire house. Make sure the switch on this panel is flipped to “off” before attempting any repairs.
5. **Cover sockets and outlets.** Covering outlets with wall panels is crucial for preventing accidental contact with wires, and is required by code. If you live with small children, it is also wise to use socket safety plugs to keep curious fingers safe from injury.
6. **Install GFCI breakers and outlets.** GFCI, or Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter, devices are able to detect imbalances in the amount of electricity flowing through a circuit and will cut off power at the GFCI device. GFCI receptacles are required in most new construction homes in places where electric shock is most likely – near sinks, in the bathroom, over kitchen counters, in the garage, and outdoors – and can typically be installed in older homes for a low cost.
Do not use GFCI for inductive or capacitive loads such as heavy-duty electrical motors or space heaters. These will trigger the GFCI and disconnect the load.
7. **Avoid common mistakes.** There are a handful of common mistakes people make when attempting to make electrical fixes in their homes. You need to be aware of these mistakes and take all the necessary precautions to avoid. Some things to avoid are:
Avoid touching a bare wire that may be conducting a current.
Avoid overloading power strips and other receptacles with multiple plugs. Using only two plugs per outlet lessens the risk of shock and fire.
Utilize three-prong plugs whenever possible. The third prong, which grounds the electrical current, should never be removed.
Never assume that someone else turned off the power source. Always check for yourself!
8. **Avoid water.** Store and use electric devices away from water. Water and electricity do not mix well and appliances should always be kept away from any moisture. This will prevent any accidental shocks from occurring.
Never use an electrical appliance while in the bath or shower.
If your toaster or another electric appliance is near your kitchen sink, never use the running water and the appliance at the same time. Keep it unplugged when not in use.
Store outdoor electrical equipment in a place where it will be kept dry, like a garage shelf.
If a plugged-in appliance falls into water, do not attempt to retrieve it until you turn off power to the corresponding circuit. Once the power is off, you may retrieve the device. Once it is dry, it can be evaluated by an electrician to see if it is suitable for future use.
9. **Replace worn or damaged equipment.** Pay attention to the condition of your electric devices, and maintain them regularly. Some signs that indicate a need for repair are:
Sparking
Issuing of small shocks
Frayed or damaged cords
Heat from electrical outlets
Recurrent short-circuiting
These are only a few signs of wear and tear. If something else seems strange, contact an electrician. It's always better to be safe than sorry!
10. **Turn the power back on.** Once you have made the necessary repairs and are ready to test the appliance or outlet you have fixed, turn the power switch on your main panel back to the “on” position.
You may need to reset your circuit breakers as well. To do this, flip the switch on each individual breaker to “off”, then flip it back to “on”.
11. **Consider installing safety outlets and outlet covers.** Safety outlets require some force to expose the female connector; outlet covers plug into the female connector of the outlet, do not conduct electricity, and are hard to remove for most young children.
12. **Be sure that the appliance is set at the appropriate settings for the outlet you are plugging in.** In a country that uses a higher voltage, there is a higher wattage, which can damage your electronics and risk electrical shock. Make sure that the appliance is set to the appropriate voltage input, and use a 100-240V to 110V or 220V transformer to avoid mistakes caused by accidentally plugging in appliances into the wrong voltage.
Understand that the key difference between an adapter and a transformer is that an adapter just allows the appliance to be plugged in, but a transformer steps the voltage to the correct voltage. For chargers, an adapter is fine, but for laundry machines, kitchen appliances, hairdryers, and other appliances without a built-in transformer, use a transformer.
13. **Turn the power source off.** Whenever a project involves exposure to electrical equipment or electricity, check and double-check that the power is off before beginning your work.
Again, there should be a main electric panel for the entire facility. Find this panel and flip the switch to off.
14. **Wear protective gear.** Rubber soled shoes and non-conductive gloves provide a barrier. Putting a rubber mat on the floor is another effective precaution. Rubber does not conduct electricity and will help you avoid getting shocked.
15. **Exercise caution when operating power tools.** Make sure that all of your tools have a three-pronged plug, and inspect all equipment for signs of damage. It is also important to turn off power tools before connecting them to electricity. Always keep power tools away from water, and clear the work area of flammable gasses, vapors, and solvents when tools are in use.
16. **Double up.** It is always wise to have a second person around to assist you when working with electricity. This second person can double check to ensure you have followed all necessary precautions. Also, if something does go wrong and you do get shocked, this second person can immediately get you the help you need.
Make sure you communicate well with this other person. Many electrical accidents occur because of miscommunication. You need to be able to trust that when this person says the power is off, it is actually off.
Even if you trust this other person with your life, it is probably a good idea to double check and make sure the power is off for yourself. Never assume anything when dealing with electricity.
17. **Call a professional for big jobs.** Working with electricity is inherently dangerous and complicated. If you are not completely confident in your skills, bring in a trusted electrician to complete the job.
18. **Check the weather report.** It may sound obvious, but making sure you have a clear forecast for your outdoor adventure is crucial to avoid getting caught in an electrical storm. Even if you're just gone for an afternoon, weather can change quickly and the best prevention is preparedness. Know the chance of a thunderstorm in the outdoor area you plan to visit, and plan to head in long before the lightning is due to start.
19. **Watch for signs of a coming storm.** Pay attention to changes in temperature, increases in wind, or darkening of the sky. Listen for thunder. If it looks like a storm is rolling in, stop what you are doing and take shelter immediately.
20. **Find shelter.** If you are outside and a storm approaches, quickly heading indoors is the only real way to be protected from lightning. Look for a completely enclosed shelter with its own electricity and plumbing, like a house or business. If that option is not available, hiding out in a car with the doors closed and windows up is also a safe bet. Covered picnic areas, stand-alone restroom facilities, tents, and other small structures will not keep you safe. No reliable shelter in sight? Reduce your risk with these preventive guidelines:
Stay low
Avoid open areas
Avoid metal and water
21. **Wait it out.** Whether indoors or out, do not leave your chosen safety area for at least half an hour after the last clap of thunder is heard. If you have any doubts about whether or not the storm has passed, stay inside.
22. **Keep a fire extinguisher handy.** Keep a fire extinguisher ready to go in areas where you work with electrical equipment. Fire extinguishers for use on electrical fires will have a "C," "BC," or "ABC" on the label.
23. **Prepare for the worst.** No matter how many precautions are in place, electric shock is always a risk when electricity is in use. If shock occurs, it is important to be prepared in order to handle the situation safely.
24. **Call for help.** In the case of an electric emergency, always call the Emergency Services. It is unwise to try to treat the victim yourself when an electrical shock has occurred.
25. **Do not touch a victim of shock with bare hands.** Shock victims usually don't hold the electricity in their bodies for very long. However, you must always use caution, as the victim could potentially still be conducting electricity. Use a non-conductive barrier, like rubber gloves, if at all possible, to touch or move the victim.
26. **Turn off the power source, if possible.** If you can do so without being shocked yourself, turn off the power. If this is not possible, move the victim away from the source with a non-conductive material, like a piece of wood.
You should only try to move an electrical shock victim if the person is in immediate danger.
27. **Check for vitals.** Once you are certain the victim is no longer conducting electricity, check to see if the person is breathing. If the victim is not breathing, begin CPR immediately while someone else alerts emergency medical services.
OSHA's safety rules for working around electricity state that you have about 4 minutes to get help for an electric shock victim, so move quickly.
28. **Wait for medical help to arrive.** Stay calm and keep the victim lying horizontally, with his legs slightly elevated until medical help can arrive. Once help arrives, stay out of the paramedics' way. If the paramedics ask for any assistance, follow their instructions. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Prevent-Electrical-Shock", "language": "en"} |
How to Fish for Squid | Fishing is a fun way to get outside and interact with nature, and squid fishing can be a real joy for novice and experienced fishermen alike. It can present a challenge, though, as squid like to hide out in grassy areas and also squirt ink when they feel threatened. But by finding the proper gear, choosing the right time and place, and learning a few expert tips to perfect your technique, you’ll be catching loads of squid in no time.
1. **Choose a light, long fishing reel.** Because you want to feel even the slightest changes while you’re fishing for squid, choose a light, long rod. You can use anything from a six to 20-pound line, but the lighter, the better.
You really don’t have to invest in special equipment -- almost any type of rod and reel will work for squid fishing.
2. **Try a squid jig for bait.** Squids have special eating techniques, which means they need special bait, too. A squid jig is the most popular type of bait. It has a body that looks like a fish, is illuminated to catch their attention, and has one or two rows of sharp points that allow them to be reeled in when they bite.
All types of squid jigs will catch fish, and on some days certain colors will do better than others. It’s best to have a variety of sizes and colors to test until you find one that works.
Popular sizes for squid jigs are 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5. The number indicates how quickly they will drop through the water per second.
3. **Use live bait.** Less common than a squid jig but also successful is live bait. If you’d rather not invest in a squid jig or just prefer live swimmers, fish for squid using smaller squid, or with other common bait fish, like minnows.
4. **Fish at night.** Squid fishing is mostly a nocturnal activity. Squid feed at night and are attracted to light, so it’s easiest to catch them after dark.
5. **Go at high tide.** Fish like to be in deeper water, where they feel more protected. That means if there’s a high tide, your chances of catching a lot of squid are even higher. Look at the calendar to find out when the tide is in and prepare to catch scores of squid!
Chances are even better at high tide on a cloudy or rainy evening.
Try to fish for squid when there's a full moon if you can.
6. **Fish in the spring or summer.** You are most likely to catch a lot of squid when it’s warm, so spring and summer to even early autumn are ideal times to go in most parts of the world.
Check online to find out the specifics for squid fishing in your area.
7. **Find a jetty or pier.** You don’t need a boat to fish for squid. Squid like to hide from predators in weeds, and the combination of grass and light at an illuminated jetty or pier makes it the perfect location for squid fishing.
Seeing ink spots on decks or jetties is a big clue that squid have recently been caught there recently.
Stay away from places where boats or other fishermen are already hanging out.
You can also search online to find popular locations in your area for catching squid.
8. **Fish from a boat.** If there’s no jetty nearby or if you simply prefer to be out on a boat, you can still have a lot of luck. Place lights on the bottom or sides of your boat or canoe. Or if you have a larger boat, you can use an underwater light, sinking it to the bottom and then bringing it back up to attract the fish.
Choose a location over a weedy and sandy bottom.
9. **Go egging.** Tie your squid jig or bait onto your leader. Cast it out and let it sink to the depth that you think the squid may be hanging out. Jerk your line up two or three times, then let it sink back down again. Repeat until you reach the top.
The most important thing is to keep the jig moving constantly in the water.
Varying the sink time -- from long to shorter and in between -- will help you figure out where the squid are hanging out in the water.
While not totally necessary, using a specialized squid rod will help you feel if the jig is brushing the seaweed or bottom.
10. **Use a float.** Tie your squid jig or bait to a float, which will let it hang at the depth where you think the squid are in the water. You will need to try several different depths to find the squid.
It’s a good method for shallow waters, because you don’t have to worry about your jig or bait getting caught at the bottom.
11. **Try a ledger rig.** A ledger rig is a series of hooks hanging off a single rig.Tie two squid lures from the main line of a rig that is attached to a small sinker, which will help it reach the desired depth.
A ledger rig is good for fishing off a jetty/pier, because you can let it sit while you go egging with another jig.
12. **Change up your jig or bait.** No matter which technique you use, if you’re not having much luck, try switching up the lure’s weight, size, or color and see which factor makes the biggest difference.
If you use live bait, see if using another type of fish will work better. Alternately, you may want to switch to a jig if you’re really not having any luck.
13. **Use a net to avoid ink.** Squid have a unique defense mechanism: dark black ink that they shoot to scare away potential threats (like enthusiastic fishermen). Be prepared for your catch to squirt the dark stuff as you reel it in. Using a net to pull in the squid will help you watch out for ink. Wait until it’s finished shooting ink before you bring it onto your boat.
If you do get ink on your clothes, hands, or boat, don’t stress. It is water soluble and will wash out if you act before it dries.
14. **Put it in a bucket.** Bring along a bucket or other container that’s big enough for the squid. Fill it with a little water and place your squid inside. That way, if any ink is left over, it’ll stay in the container and not all over your boat.
If the squid still looks fat or puffy when you bring it onto your boat, it’s likely still got some ink left.
15. **Watch out for bites.** In addition to shooting ink, squid also have a parrot-like beak that they use to kill their food and bite at potential threats. Don’t let your fingers linger too long near the squid after you’ve caught it. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Fish-for-Squid", "language": "en"} |
How to Impress Your Boss | Whether you’re starting a new job or just looking to make an impact at your current job, you definitely want to get on your boss’s good side. Your first step is to make sure you are going out of your way to be great at your job. You can then work on developing personality traits that will impress your boss. Finally, go the extra mile and get to know your boss. The personal touch will make you stand out!
1. **Work hard and complete tasks in a timely manner.** Show your boss that you care about your job by putting effort into all of your tasks. Put thought into everything you do, and make sure to fix any mistakes. For example, proofread reports before submitting them.
Make sure to get everything done on time. Early is even better! If a project doesn't have a hard deadline, ask your boss when they would like your work to be done.
If you have multiple tasks, prioritize in order of importance. For example, if you're leading a team of people on 1 project, it's probably more important to help them get organized than to work on a solo project that doesn't need your immediate attention.
2. **Be consistent in your attendance.** Show your boss that you are dependable by showing up on time. And remember that, to many people, on time is late. Show up early to get a head start on work and make a good impression. For example, if you're due to start work at 8, try getting there at 7:45. That gives you time to stow your lunch and get settled in for the day.
It's fine to leave at your scheduled time, but notice whether you're always the first to leave. If your co-workers routinely stick around to finish up important tasks, you might consider doing the same.
Consistently showing up might seem obvious, but it’s also essential.
Try to limit the days that you call in sick. When possible, arrange for someone to cover your work. This will show your boss that you care about the job that needs to be done.
Arrange your vacation days as far in advance as possible. Your boss will appreciate the extra time to find someone to fill in for you.
3. **Take initiative on projects.** If you want to stand out, it’s not enough to just do the work you are assigned. Be proactive and volunteer for more responsibility. You can also come up with ideas for ways to make improvements.
If your boss asks for someone to head up a new project, volunteer. Seeking out a leadership role is impressive.
Maybe your boss is concerned about sales. Take the initiative to come up with a few ideas of how your team could help boost numbers.
4. **Prove you can be trusted.** Your boss won’t be impressed if they can’t depend on you. Go out of your way to demonstrate that you can be trusted. If you say that you will do something, make sure to follow through. If you run into a problem, talk to your boss instead of just not finishing the task.
You can show that you're trustworthy by handling problems as they arise. For example, if someone needs help with a task, take time out from what you're doing to give them a hand.
If your boss shares important or sensitive information with you, don’t repeat it. Let your boss know they can depend on you to be discreet.
5. **Communicate effectively.** You likely need to work with others in order to succeed at your job. Clear communication is key to being effective. Make sure to ask questions if something is not clear. If someone asks you a question, make sure to give a clear and thorough response.
For example, if your boss assigns you a task and you don’t know how to do it, say, “I’m excited to get to work on this. Can we take a few minutes to go back over your expectations so that I know exactly what you’d like me to do?”
6. **Keep up with advances in the field.** Your boss will be impressed if you make an effort to stay current with trends in your profession. Stay up to date by reading publications and attending networking events. You should also follow industry influencers on social media.
Ask your boss if you can attend a conference that relates to your position. Your desire to learn will be appreciated!
7. **Avoid doing personal things on company time.** Focus only on work related tasks when you are at work. This means that you should not make personal calls, send personal emails, or spend time on non-work related social media. Online shopping and reading your favorite blogs are out, too!
Of course it is okay to take breaks throughout the day, but make sure to respect your company's policies regarding personal use of the internet.
In many offices, it is appropriate to take an hour for lunch. You can probably also take a short break in the morning for 10 minutes or so to grab coffee and another break in the afternoon. Check with your boss or another team member to find out what's appropriate for your workplace.
8. **Express curiosity.** Curiosity is a sign of intelligence. It also indicates that you are eager to learn and improve. Work on developing this trait in yourself by simply making an effort to learn as much as possible. Don’t limit yourself to just focusing on your own role.
Say to your boss, “I know I’m not on that team, but would it be okay if I sit in on the marketing meeting today? I’m really interested to know more about our upcoming strategy.”
Keep up on new trends and innovations in your field by reading trade publications and following industry leaders.
9. **Ask for constructive criticism.** Let your boss know that you are actively looking for ways to improve your performance. Make it a point to regularly ask for feedback. Indicate that you’re not just looking for a pat on the back.
Try saying, “I know you were happy with the report I turned in last week. But were there any suggestions you have? I’d love to do an even better job next time.”
10. **Look for creative solutions.** Your boss will appreciate it if you show that you are able to think outside of the box. When they ask for ideas in a meeting, don’t be afraid to speak up and suggest trying something new.
You might say, “Let’s look into increasing our online presence. I know we’re a traditional firm, but more and more people are using social media for business purposes.”
Don't take offense if your boss doesn't take all of your suggestions. Notice what sorts of ideas they respond to, and try to offer better ideas in the future.
11. **Demonstrate gratitude when appropriate.** If you have a good relationship with your boss, it’s likely that they’ve done a few favors for you. Make sure to offer a sincere thank you when it feels right. For example, if they let you duck out of a meeting early to take your mom to the doctor, let them know that you appreciate the kindness.
You don't have to go overboard with your thanks. A simple "I really appreciate your flexibility" will likely be appropriate. You can send an email or stop by their office to say this in person.
12. **Be honest at all times.** Nothing is less impressive than lying. Make sure to demonstrate that you are a truthful, trustworthy person. Be upfront with your boss (and others) and don’t ever try to manipulate the truth.
For example, don’t take credit for work you didn’t do. If your boss mistakenly compliments you for another team member’s work, make sure to say, “I actually didn’t have a hand in that, but I’ll let Beth know how pleased you are.”
13. **Show that you can work well with others.** Work on being someone who can cooperate and compromise. Show this by being willing to work on a team. You can also help out co-workers with their tasks, and delegate responsibilities when it is appropriate.
Don’t whine about others to your boss. If you have a legitimate complaint which affects work, of course you should voice it in a professional manner. You might say, "I'm having a little trouble managing Bob. He is routinely late to team meetings, and calls in sick at least once week. Do you have some thoughts on how I can get him to increase productivity?"
If you're simply annoyed that your co-worker frequently tells you stories about their dog, you probably don't need to bother your boss with that.
14. **Be energetic.** Showing up and slogging through the work day is not good enough. Demonstrate your enthusiasm for your job by showing some energy. Be ready to engage with others. You should also be willing to stay late or show up early as necessary.
To give yourself an energy boost throughout the day, try taking a brisk walk over lunch.
Set yourself up for success by getting plenty of rest, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly.
15. **Conduct yourself professionally at all times.** Acting professional means treating others with respect. Use preferred forms of address, and follow office etiquette. This means no texting during meetings or leaving dirty dishes in the communal kitchen. Don't engage in office gossip. If others are gossiping, either change the subject or excuse yourself.
Similarly, maintain a professional appearance. If your workplace has a dress code, make sure to follow it. Even if they don't, make sure that you look put together whenever you show up for work. Dress appropriately for your industry. Wear clothes that are clean, unwrinkled, and fit well, take care to keep your hair and fingernails neat and clean, and avoid wearing strong cologne or perfume.
16. **Get to know your boss.** When you know someone on a more personal level, you can often develop a better working relationship. Try to show an interest in your boss’s life outside of work. For example, if they have to leave early for a child’s event, you could say, “What position is Clara playing on the team this year?”
Maintain boundaries by avoiding personal questions. For example, you don't need to say, "Are you and your husband planning to have more children?" But showing a basic interest is a great way to get your boss to warm up to you.
17. **Make your boss’s priorities your priorities.** You are part of your boss’s team, which means you should be working towards the same goals. If your boss’s number one priority is developing better customer service, make that your priority, too.
Say things like, “It’s great that you have such a clear focus. How can I help achieve these goals?” Don’t say, “Don’t you think it would be better to focus on HR issues?”
18. **Show loyalty to your boss.** Let your boss know that you are on their side. Avoid gossiping about your boss with other team members. You never know who might repeat your words. You can also defend your boss’s plans if anyone else in the company tries to go over your boss’s head.
Similarly, don't repeat gossip about others to your boss. That might make them think you aren't loyal to others. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Impress-Your-Boss", "language": "en"} |
How to Serve Foie Gras | Foie gras is French for “fatty liver” and normally refers to the liver of a duck or goose. Serving this dish for the first time can seem intimidating, but the process is actually quite simple. All you need to do is bring the foie gras to the right temperature and trim it into small slices. Foie gras can be eaten as is in order to experience its full, rich flavor. It can also be paired with a number of sweet or tart accompaniments to make your meal even more colorful.
1. **Choose pre-cooked foie gras to avoid cooking.** Pre-cooked foie gras is often sold in cans or tins. Look for the word “cuit,” which is French for cooked. You may also see “mi-cuit” liver, which has been partially cooked through slow poaching. This type of foie gras is also ready to eat right away, having a softer flavor due to the longer cooking time.
Mi-cuit foie gras can be stored for about 3 months. Cuit foie gras can last for years on your shelf.
Raw foie gras is “cru.” Since it is fresh, it only lasts a few days in your refrigerator. It is served warm.
2. **Heat a pan over medium heat on the stove.** You do not need to add butter or cooking oil to the pan. Simply turn on the heat and let the pan warm up for about 5 minutes. Get the pan as hot as possible so it sears the liver right away. To test this, place a few drops a water in the pan. If they evaporate right away, your pan should be ready to go.
Foie gras, especially the duck variety, is very fatty. The fat in butter and oil can make the taste even richer than usual.
If you wish to try using oil, pour about 1 tsp (4.9 mL) of olive or canola oil into the pan before heating it.
3. **Cook the foie gras for about 30 seconds on both sides.** Due to the high fat content, foie gras cooks quickly. Set it in the pan and don’t move it. After 30 seconds elapse, lift the liver with a spatula. If it is finished, it will have a deep, brown color. Flip it over and cook the other side the same way.
If you have a big piece of foie gras, try slicing it first so it cooks completely.
Cleaning raw foie gras isn’t essential. Foie gras has a lot of stringy nerves, but they melt during the cooking process. If you want to make sure they are gone, pull them off by hand before slicing.
Leaving the foie gras in the pan for too long causes it to shrink and look greasy.
4. **Rest the foie gras on a paper towel for 1 minute.** Set a paper towel over a plate on your counter. Let any dripping fat and juice run off. After about a minute, the liver’s center should feel soft. You can then enjoy it with bread or another accompaniment.
5. **Chill foie gras in the refrigerator before serving it.** Cold temperatures help preserve the foie gras’ shape. Remove it from its packaging, then set it in a covered glass or porcelain dish. You should put the foie gras in the refrigerator for between 2 to 5 minutes to chill it slightly, unless you are eating a paté. This will prevent the foie gras from crumbling when you cut it.
For paté, leave the liver in its container or in a covered dish on your counter until it reaches room temperature.
Most people find the taste from hot foie gras to be overwhelming, so chilling it can improve its flavor. If it gets too cold, though, you may lose some of its taste and texture.
6. **Warm a non-serrated knife under running water.** Due to its high fat content, foie gras can fall apart when you cut it. Serrated blades will tear the meat, so choose a smooth blade. Turn the hot water tap on in your sink to keep the blade heated and clean as you cut the meat.
You should warm and clean the blade after each slice you make. Use a towel to wipe the blade dry each time.
7. **Slice the foie gras into ⁄2 in (1.3 cm) chunks.** Foie gras is normally eaten in sizable chunks. You can cut the slices bigger than this if you wish. Smaller slices usually leave you wanting more since you don't get an adequate taste of the liver's complex flavor.
For the best results, cut the foie gras when it is chilled or at room temperature.
The average serving is 1.7 to 2.5 oz (48 to 71 g) when served as a starter or 3.5 to 5.3 oz (99 to 150 g) when prepared as a main course.
Note that only “torchon” foie gras, which comes in the shape of a log or loaf, needs to be cut. “Terrine” foie gras comes pre-cooked in a terrine mold and should be served directly in the terrine.
8. **Plate the foie gras after slicing it.** Unless you bought a can of paté, you don’t need to smash the foie gras with a knife. Simply pick up the slices and place them on your desired serving method, such as a plate or piece of bread. Eat the liver as is or serve it with accompaniments that compliment its flavor.
Foie gras paté is soft and mushy, so you will need to use a butter knife to spread it like you would with butter, hummus or similar toppings.
For instance, you can set the foie gras on a plate with apples, onion jam, or another component. Alternatively, lay the foie gras on top of a piece of bread.
Enjoy the foie gras by biting into it or breaking off pieces with a fork or spoon. Whether you serve it with accompaniments or not, let it melt in your mouth.
9. **Serve the foie gras as an appetizer to enjoy its full taste.** Depending on when you choose to serve the liver, the way you serve it can change. It is commonly served on its own or as a plain appetizer. This is because the taste of foie gras can get lost when it is buried behind other foods. Serve it early in a meal so you can enjoy the dense flavor more completely.
Foie gras can be easily served plain on a piece of bread as an appetizer. You may want to add fruits and sauces if you incorporate it into a meal.
If you serve both goose and duck foie gras, start with the goose. The fuller flavor of the duck liver can overpower the creamy, delicate taste of the goose liver.
10. **Serve foie gras with bread to make it a simple snack.** A plain piece of brown or white bread is the best option. You don’t need a fancy bread with different grains or exotic spices, but a slight amount of sweetness such as from honey won’t overwhelm the foie gras. Cut off a slice of bread about the same size as a slice of foie gray. Lay the foie gras on top of the bread and enjoy it with your hands.
Country-style bread is commonly used with foie gras, but sourdough bread has become a popular choice as well.
You can also pair foie gras with brioche or fruit bread. Sweet fruits, such as figs and apricots, compliment the rich flavor of the liver.
Consider lightly toasting your bread to use as a warm, solid support for the foie gras.
11. **Pair the foie gras with acidic fruits for additional flavor.** Various fruits, including green apples, strawberries, and cherries, can be served in slices along with the foie gras. Try spreading fruit preserves over a piece of bread or pouring a fruit sauce over foie gras on a plate. Tart and acidic fruits cut through the sweet, rich taste of foie gras, creating a balanced dish that hits a range of flavors.
Sweet and sour items are among the best options. Try a cranberry jelly, citrus sauce, or an Asian-inspired chutney.
Dried fruit like figs and prunes work well with foie gras. Stone fruits such as peaches, plums, nectarines, and sour cherries also work.
Another option is to make an acidic sauce such as an onion jam or green apple sauce mixed with balsamic vinegar. Also consider liquor-based sauces such as caramel mixed with cognac or sherry.
12. **Use a light amount of dressing if you include a salad.** Salads make for light side dishes when paired with foie gras, but you have to be careful about how much dressing you use. Put the salad in a mixing bowl, then pour a sparing amount of the dressing on top of it. Mix the salad until it is lightly coated, adding more as needed, then add the foie gras slices on top of it.
A balsamic vinaigrette dressing is a great choice since it has a sweet, tart taste that contrasts well with the liver. However, you can use other dressings if you prefer.
You can make your own dressing by mixing 1 US tbsp (15 mL) of balsamic vinegar with 2 US tbsp (30 mL) of olive oil. Be careful not to use too much oil, since the fat in it can make the fatty liver difficult to stomach.
13. **Accompany foie gras with a sweet wine.** Wine is another way to mix sweet flavors with the rich, heavy taste of the liver. Like a good French dish, foie gras goes well with a glass of a Sauternes. Also try a sweet wines from the Alsace or Loire Valley regions in France. German Rieslings are another sweet choice that can bring the most out of your foie gras.
You aren’t limited to only those wines. Additional options include Jurançon, Monbazillac, Bergerac, and Gewurztraminer. You may even wish to try the liver alongside a port wine.
Champagne has not traditionally been paired with foie gras, but it has become a popular option. Use a dry champagne to avoid overwhelming your taste buds with too much sweetness.
Ask your guests for opinions. Some people may say that wine distracts from the taste of foie gras and forego it. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Serve-Foie-Gras", "language": "en"} |
How to Finish Knitting | You might feel like you've finished your knitting project when you reach the final row, but you're not done yet. To stop your beautiful item from unravelling, you've got to cast off the last row of stitches. Casting off is sometimes called binding off, but they both refer to slipping stitches over each other to secure them. Once you reach the very end, you'll thread the yarn tail through a needle so you can weave in the loose tail and then you are truly finished!
1. **Complete the final row of stitches according to your pattern.** Follow your knitting pattern to make whatever it is you're working on like a scarf, blanket, or dishcloth, for instance. When you reach the end of the pattern, it should say something like "Cast off" or "Bind off." This just means that it's time to secure the stitches so you can take the item off of your needles.
You don't need to switch yarn or needles when you start to cast off. You're essentially working new stitches and slipping them over each other.
2. **Knit 2 stitches to start casting off.** Keep the stitches loose so it's easier to slide them over each other. You'll now have 2 stitches on your right needle and the rest of your project on your left needle.
If your pattern directed you to slip the first stitch of each row, don't slip it for your cast off row. Just make 2 knit stitches.
3. **Insert the left needle under the first stitch on your right needle.** Slip the tip of the left needle under the stitch that's closest to you on the right needle. Insert the left needle through the front of the stitch instead of the back.
Don't worry about the other stitch on your right needle. This is the stitch you'll be slipping over.
4. **Bring the first stitch over the second stitch on the right needle.** Keep your left needle under the first stitch and slowly bring the stitches towards the tip of the right needle. Pull the left needle up to slip the first stitch over the other stitch that's on your right needle. Then, pull the left needle out to drop the stitch.
At this point, you've cast off 1 stitch and you have just 1 stitch remaining on the right needle.
As you continue doing this, you're reducing the number of stitches that you have, all the way to the end.
5. **Knit 1 stitch and slip the first stitch over it.** In order to cast off another stitch, you need 1 more stitch on the right needle so knit a stitch. Once you have 2 stitches on the right needle, lift the first stitch over the stitch you just made and drop it off the needle. Remember to keep your knitting loose as you cast off.
If your stitches are tight, you'll have a hard time lifting the first stitch over the second stitch. A tightly cast-off edge also makes your project pucker up at the bottom.
6. **Continue to cast off the stitches until you have just 1 on the right needle.** Keep knitting 1 and casting off 1 until you've made it across the entire row. Stop casting off when you have only 1 stitch left on your right needle.
7. **Cut the working yarn to leave a 10 in (25 cm) tail.** You're almost done casting off! Once you have just 1 stitch left, cut a long yarn tail so you can tie off the last stitch. It's really important to secure the final stitch or your project could unravel.
8. **Wrap the tail around the needle and pull it through the stitch.** To secure your last stitch, bring the yarn tail counterclockwise around the needle above the stitch. Hold the tail with 1 hand so it doesn't slip away and use your other hand to pick up the final stitch. Pull it to the tip of the needle and over the loop you just wrapped. Then, pull the tail through the last stitch and tighten it.
At this point, your project is off of the needles! You'll see a yarn tail at the end that you just cast off and a tail at the opposite end of your project where you cast on.
9. **Thread a yarn tail through the eye of a tapestry or darning needle.** You can find plastic or metal tapestry needles at local craft supply stores. These have a blunt end and a wide eye, which makes it easier to thread yarn through. Take 1 of your yarn tails and thread it through the eye of your needle.
Tapestry needles have slightly curved tips. Play around with straight darning needles or these curved tapestry needles to find which style you prefer.
10. **Lay your project so the bumpiest side faces up.** If you're weaving in a tail on a garter stitch pattern, you'll see bumps from the stitches on both sides, so you can weave on either side. If you're finishing a stockinette stitch project, turn it so the wrong side with the bumps faces up.
Garter stitches are made by knitting every stitch for all the rounds. Stockinette stitches are made by alternating knit and purl rows.
11. **Insert the needle vertically through the bumps of 2 stitches.** It doesn't matter which 2 stitches you use as long as they're close to the base of the yarn tail. Push your threaded needle under the bump of a stitch that looks like a smile or U. Bring the needle under the bump that's above it, which is shaped like a rainbow.
It's easier to hide the tail if you begin weaving close to the base of the yarn tail.
12. **Slide your needle under the next horizontal stitch and bring it down.** Once you've sewn up, it's time to weave down. Insert your needle down through the stitch that's to the right. Instead of going down vertically through another stitch, turn your needle to the left and weave it through the side of the earlier stitch. Then, pull the yarn gently to secure the tail. This makes a curved shape with the yarn.
If it helps you to remember, you're going down through a smile or U-shaped bump and diagonally under a rainbow bump.
13. **Put your needle into the stitch to the right and up through a horizontal stitch to the left.** It might seem tricky, but you're essentially weaving a curved shape that looks like folded ribbon. Slide your needle under the bump that's to the right and angle it to the left so you can bring it through diagonally.
14. **Weave through a few more stitches and trim the excess tail.** You can continue weaving in the tail going up and down in a curved pattern as long as you like. Aim for weaving back and forth at 4 times before you cut the excess yarn tail close to the project.
15. **Thread the other yarn tail and weave it into your project.** Since you have a yarn tail when you cast on and bind off, you'll always have at least 2 yarn tails to weave in. You might have even more if you had to change colors or add a skein of yarn. Remember to check your work for tails and weave each of them in the same way.
16. **Block the project if you want it to hold its shape.** If you're making a large blanket or loose scarf, it fine to begin using it right away. However, if you're making a knitted garment and you'd like it to keep its shape, steam the fabric or soak it in warm water. Squeeze out the moisture, then spread the knitted piece flat on a soft surface like an ironing board or a towel. Arrange your project so the edges are straight and leave it to dry.
In addition to helping the piece hold its shape, blocking your project will help even out the tension in the stitches.
If you're worried that the fabric will curl in as it dries, stick a few sewing pins through the fabric near the edges and corners so the material holds its shape. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Finish-Knitting", "language": "en"} |
How to Do Fourth of July Nails | On the Fourth of July, you want your patriotism to shine all the way down to the tips of your fingers! For the best Independence Day nail look, you can choose between stars and stripes, polka dots, and glitter to reflect your natural style and spirit. Experiment and let your creativity run wild for a unique look that’s all-American and all you!
1. **Apply a clear base and let it dry.** A base coat of clear polish will protect your nails and help the colored polish stick. Apply it to all of your nails and let it dry before moving on.
2. **Paint your nails white, then let them dry.** For a faster drying time, paint one thin layer of white polish, let it dry, then apply the second. Allow both coats to dry fully before moving on.
3. **Paint 4-5 thin red lines on each nail with a striper.** Place a strip of clear tape right under your cuticle. Then, using a nail striper and red polish, paint from just past the edge of your cuticle all the way up to the tip of your nail to create a thin, smooth line. Make 4-5 lines across the nail, spacing them equally as best you can.
Repeat on the nails you’re painting, then let the stripes dry for about 15 minutes before moving on.
If you don’t have a striper, you can make your own or use a toothpick. You can also buy a striper online or in beauty stores.
4. **Create a thicker horizontal blue line across the top of the nail.** Use a regular nail polish brush to dab a blue line across the top half of your nail. Start from about the middle of your nail and use short strokes towards the tip to make a straight blue line.
If you want your line to be perfectly straight, place a piece of scotch tape over the lower half of your nail and paint from the edge up to the nail’s tip.
Repeat on all your stars and stripes nails and let them dry for 15 minutes.
5. **Place 5-8 white dots across the blue with a dotting tool.** Dip a small dotting tool into your white nail polish and use it to carefully dot the blue of your flag. You can add as many dots as you want, but 5-8 placed in a scattered, random formation tends to look best.
Let the dots dry for 10 minutes on each nail.
If you don’t have a dotting tool, you can use a toothpick or the tip of a Q-tip. To buy a dotting tool, look in beauty stores and online.
6. **Paint a flag on all your nails or just 2 for an accent.** You can paint this busier pattern onto your thumb and ring finger, then fill out the rest of your nails with a solid blue or cherry red for a trendy, eye-catching look. You can also apply the flag design to all your fingers for a more uniform style.
7. **Apply a top coat to finish.** After your flag nails have dried, paint on a clear topcoat to seal the design and prevent it from chipping. Remember to wait until your nails are completely dry to avoid messing up your design.
8. **Buy a nail sticker kit for an easier application.** Most Fourth of July nails require some time and effort, including applying different coats and using a few different tools, like a striper and dotting tool. If you don’t have the time or the tools, use a Fourth of July nail sticker kit for a cute but lower-effort look.
With a nail kit, you’ll paint one solid color and stick patriotic stickers on top. Many kits come with simple stars and stripes as well as “USA” stickers and other patriotic designs.
You can buy a kit online or at craft and beauty stores.
Follow the instructions in the kit to apply and remove your nail stickers.
9. **Apply a clear base and let it dry.** A base coat of clear polish will protect your nails and help the colored polish stick. Apply it to all of your nails and let it dry before moving on.
10. **Apply a white polish to start your design.** Paint the white in 2 thin coats to help it dry more quickly. Then, let the polish harden and dry for 15 minutes or so before going on to your polka dots.
11. **Add different-sized red dots to your nail with a dotting tool.** Starting with a large-sized dotting tool, place 2-3 red dots in the lower, cuticle portion of your nail. Switch to a medium size to add 3-4 dots towards the middle of your nail, then use a small dotting tool and put 4-5 dots in the top portion. Leave a strip of white at the top to create a tapering effect.
Continue adding red dots on each of your nails and allow them to dry for about 10 minutes. You can add dots to all your nails, or just to your ring finger and thumb for a bubbly accent.
You’ll be using your dotting tools with different colors, so clean them as per their package instructions before moving on.
If you don’t have a dotting tool, you can use a toothpick or the tip of a Q-tip. To buy a dotting tool, look in beauty stores and online.
12. **Use blue and silver polishes to add more polka dots.** Use the same dotting process with a royal blue color on each nail, then switch to silver. Allow some of your dots to overlap to create depth, going for a natural, scattered look.
Let the dots dry for about 10 minutes in between colors.
13. **Apply a top coat to finish.** After your dots have dried, paint on a clear topcoat to seal the design and prevent it from chipping. If you’re applying the polka dots as an accent, wait for the topcoat to dry before painting the rest of your nails bright red or royal blue.
14. **Apply a clear base and let it dry.** A base coat of clear polish will protect your nails and help the colored polish stick. Apply it to all of your nails and let it dry before moving on.
15. **Paint on a metallic silver polish.** After your clear base coat dries, apply 2 thin layers of metallic silver, giving them time to dry in between. Let the polish harden for about 15 minutes before moving on.
This Fourth of July nail art looks best with all fingers, rather than mixing with solids as an accent.
16. **Apply a red glitter polish from your cuticle to halfway up the nail.** Using a regular nail polish brush, paint a coat of dark red glitter onto the lower half of your nail. Start with short, careful upwards strokes from the cuticle to midway up the nail, then neaten the edge of the layer by painting horizontally.
Repeat on all your nails and let them dry for 10-15 minutes.
17. **Use a blue glitter polish on the top half of your nail.** Using a regular nail polish brush, apply a dark or royal blue glitter polish from the tip of your nail to the middle, leaving a strip of silver just above the red. Repeat on the rest of your nails and let them dry for about 15 minutes.
18. **Paint silver over the middle, overlapping with the red and blue.** Reinforce the middle strip by covering it with silver glitter polish, using a nail striper for the best application. Paint horizontally right over the strip, then spread small, thin vertical strokes over the red and blue sections.
Continue adding vertical silver stripes, stretching them almost to the tip and cuticle of the nail, until the transitions between colors start to look more seamless. Repeat on the rest of your nails.
If you don’t have a nail striper, use a toothpick to apply the silver.
19. **Blend the silver with small strokes of blue and red.** Repeat this blending, striping process with the same red and blue glitter colors as before. Extend short strokes of red up into the silver, and paint stripes of blue downwards to subtly blend the colors.
You don’t have to wait for the silver polish dry before adding the red and blue stripes. Applying them while the silver is wet will allow the colors to mix and create a smooth gradient.
Repeat on all of your nails. The finished look should have a natural fade from red to silver to blue.
Remember to clean your brush in between coats so you don’t mix colors.
20. **Let your nails dry and apply a clear topcoat.** Let the glitter polish set and dry for 15-20 minutes. Then, apply a clear topcoat to seal and smooth out the design. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Do-Fourth-of-July-Nails", "language": "en"} |
How to Sell a Burial Plot | Some people own part of a family burial plot while others purchase a plot in advance to prepare for the future. In spite of these preparations, life changes such as divorce, family disputes, relocation, a change in religious beliefs, or simple changes in mortuary preferences can make a previously purchased plot undesirable. In these cases, knowing how to sell a burial plot may be necessary. Learning how to sell a burial plot can help you take an active role in the process and ensure the rapid sale of an unwanted burial plot.
1. **Check your state's laws.** The laws governing a burial plot's sale or transfer vary greatly from one municipality to the next. Burial plot brokerages often go unregulated in the United States, but some states' comptrollers offices regulate cemeteries and the transfer of plots.
Some states require that an individual selling his burial plot must first offer to sell the plot back to the cemetery before a private sale or brokerage can take place. Contact your city's comptroller office, or search online for burial plot sales laws in your area.
2. **Know your cemetery's status.** Even in places with existing laws that cover burial plot sales, there may be specific requirements that depend on the specific cemetery in question. For example, in New York, burial plots are supposed to be sold or transferred by the cemetery that houses those plots. However, cemeteries owned by religious institutions are considered outside the laws that govern not-for-profit cemeteries, and such sales or transfers are perfectly legal.
Even if the law permits burial plot sales in your state, and the cemetery qualifies for such a sale, it's still best to confirm that the cemetery will honor such a transfer of ownership.
3. **Check your local market.** Assuming that your state, town, and cemetery all permit the transfer of ownership for burial plots, you may still have a hard time selling yours. Many people shy away from buying burial plots "second hand," while other places have an over-flooded market of people trying to sell their plots.
Search for burial plots online, and see if there are a lot of existing advertisements. You should also check the dates on those advertisements to determine whether they tend to have a fast turnaround time.
Where you live is the biggest factor in determining how successful your sale will be. Burial plots tend to sell the fastest, and net the most money, in places where people move to retire. In the United States, that means retirement destinations like Arizona, California, Florida, and Texas are often hot markets.
4. **Identify the cemetery's sexton.** The sexton, or manager, is in charge of overseeing many transactions and arrangements for burial plots in the cemetery. The first step in arranging a cemetery buy-back is to identify who your cemetery's sexton is.
Search the cemetery's website for a directory or contact information. The website should list who the manager or sexton is.
If you cannot determine who the sexton is using the cemetery's website, you can try visiting the cemetery's main office in person.
5. **Inquire about buybacks.** It may feel awkward to ask a cemetery employee about buying back your plot, but it happens quite often and is nothing to be embarrassed about. Not all cemeteries will engage in buybacks, but many do. If your cemetery offers buybacks, the sexton/manager will be the best person to speak with.
Generally speaking, cemeteries are not obligated to engage in a buyback. However, many cemeteries will buy unused plots back, or at least recognize an outside sale.
6. **Complete the transaction.** If the cemetery offers buybacks, the sexton/manager will most likely be the person to make the arrangements. In completing the transaction, the sexton will most likely consider how much you paid for the plot, how much it will be worth on the market today if sold to a new buyer, and arrive at a financial offer for you.
7. **Choose an advertising service.** There are many options for selling a burial plot online. You can use a specialized service, such as Grave Solutions or Plot Brokers, or place your own ad on free websites like Craigslist and Ebay.
Placing your own ad can be advantageous, as there are no fees or costs to the seller.
Working through a brokerage service can also be advantageous, as they take much of the work out of selling your plot. Brokerage services typically charge either a monthly advertising fee, a percentage of the final transaction, or a combination of the two.
8. **Take photographs of the plot.** It may sound a bit strange, but photographs can be an important factor in a buyer's decision. Many burial plot listings feature descriptions paired with photographs so that prospective buyers can get a comprehensive understanding of the plot before they decide to purchase it. Some people want a plot that is in a shaded area, for example, while others may worry about whether or not the plot location is prone to flooding.
9. **Draft the advertisement.** Your ad should clearly state the name of the cemetery, as well as the section, plot, and grave number. You should include photographs, if you have any, and a thorough description of what a seller can expect from your burial plot. The advertisement should also include your asking price for the plot, though many sellers end up offering some room for negotiation.
10. **Complete the necessary paperwork.** It's best to bring in a lawyer to help with the paperwork, as there will be a great deal of variance from one county, state, or country to another. Different municipalities have different requirements. Generally speaking, the paperwork you use to complete the sale should specify the location of the burial plot and a clear transfer of ownership. You may wish to secure a signature from a cemetery representative as well, so that the buyer feels comfortable with the purchase he is making. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Sell-a-Burial-Plot", "language": "en"} |
How to Prevent Hair Dye from Staining Skin | Purple hair is a great look, but a purple forehead is not! When you’re coloring your hair at home, you can end up with stains on your fingers and hairline for days if you do not take the proper precautions. Though these dye stains are not permanent, it’s easier to prevent them than it is to remove them. By making use of common household items, from towels to petroleum jelly, you can easily prevent hair dye from staining your skin.
1. **Dye your hair the day after you wash it.** The oils from your scalp and pores are natural protectants. They repel water, and since dyes are water-based, they are your first defense against stained skin. Try to wait at least one day after your last shampoo to dye your hair. Bonus: hair dye adheres better to dirty hair than it does to slippery, clean hair.
2. **Protect the perimeter of your hairline.** Using petroleum jelly, moisturizing cream, or a thick lotion to create a protective wall just outside of your hairline, around the entirety of your head. You should apply this layer thickly, but there’s no need to make it extend too far down your head. Half an inch to an inch of moisturizer should be plenty.
Be careful not to get your protectant of choice in your hair, and don't forget the tops and undersides of your ears.
Don’t use a moisturizer that breaks you out, or you could get acne around your hairline.
3. **Reinforce the perimeter with cotton.** For extra protection, press teased-out cotton balls, or cotton coil, into the moisturizer you applied. This way, if any hair dye manages to seep out of the hairline, the cotton will soak it up.
If the moisturizer isn’t sticky enough to hold the cotton, don’t panic--just apply more moisturizer over it, and forget about the cotton.
4. **In a pinch, try masking tape.** If you don’t have any moisturizer thick enough to get the job done, don’t despair. Instead, you can use a lightly adhesive painter’s, masking, or gaffer’s tape applied to the edge of your hairline. Be careful not to catch your hair in the tape, and definitely don’t use another type of tape (like masking or duct) instead!
Be careful when pulling tape off. Masking tape can potentially pull out or irritate the soft, fine hair known as vellus hair that covers your body, including your face.
5. **Wear plastic gloves.** People often concentrate on keeping their hairlines stain-free, but forget about their hands. It’s easy to avoid blue fingers and nails if you wear simple disposable gloves. Wear gloves the whole time you apply the dye, and even the first few times you wash your newly colored hair.
Many hair dye kits come with gloves to make the process easier.
Don’t wear latex gloves if you’re allergic! There are plenty of latex-free alternatives available.
6. **Wear an old shirt.** Ideally, you should wear a long-sleeved, high-necked shirt when you dye your hair. Cover as much skin as you can, to protect against drips that can cause stained skin. Once you’ve been doing this for a while, you’ll probably have a designated dye shirt that you wear every time you color.
7. **Wrap an old towel around your shoulders.** To offer your neck some extra protection, swaddle it in a hand towel that no one will get mad at you for staining. Pull it tightly, and secure with a duckbill or binder clip. This will prevent hair dye from dripping down onto your neck and staining it.
8. **Wipe away any errant dye.** No matter how carefully you cover your skin, accidents can happen. If dye does land on your face or neck, wipe it off as soon as you notice, using a rubbing alcohol-soaked cotton ball. Then, rinse with water.
It’s best to keep rubbing alcohol and cotton balls handy as you color your hair. Most people have a small mess-up or two.
If you get a giant blob on your neck, remove the bulk of it with a paper towel or toilet paper, then use the cotton ball and rubbing alcohol to get the last of it off.
9. **Keep your dyed hair up.** If you’re working out, going out in the rain, or in any other circumstance where your freshly-dyed hair could get damp, put it up in a ponytail or bun. Otherwise, residual dye could sneak out and stain your neck or even your shirt. Once you’ve washed your hair a few times, you can relax this rule. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Prevent-Hair-Dye-from-Staining-Skin", "language": "en"} |
How to Get Rid of Acne on Your Nose | Acne is one of the most frustrating things a person experiences. Acne can occur both in adolescence and into adulthood. If you have acne on your nose, you can learn how to get rid of it so you can get clear skin again.
1. **Try a benzoyl peroxide cream or cleanser.** Benzoyl peroxide is a popular product in acne products. It kills the acne-causing bacteria and helps to open up your pores, so applying it around your nose will help get rid of the acne. Look for products that contain benzoyl peroxide, which can be in concentrations of 2.5% to 10%. Products include cleansers or spot treatments.
Benzoyl peroxide may dry out your skin or cause stinging, burning, and redness at the site of application. Use it only as directed on the package.
2. **Use an acne product with salicylic acid.** Salicylic acid is another acne medication. You can find salicylic acid in over-the-counter cleansers and spot treatments to use for your nose acne. Available products contain between 0.5% to 5% concentration of salicylic acid.
Salicylic acid can include skin irritation and stinging. Use only as directed.
3. **Try an over-the-counter retinoid product.** Differin gel (adapalene) is a retinoid gel that is available without a prescription. It is especially good at opening pores and treating and preventing blackheads, which are common in nose acne. Note that retinoids can be irritating and dry out your skin, especially when you first begin treatment. Make sure you follow the instructions on the packaging and use as directed.
4. **Wash your face daily.** To help prevent acne on your nose and the rest of your face, wash your face daily, twice a day if you can. You should also wash after any sweaty activity. A lot of sweat can increase acne.
Wash your face gently with light circular motions. Don't wash your face too much. More than twice a day is not recommended.
5. **Try pore strips.** You can apply a pore strip to your nose after washing your face, then allow the strip to dry and harden. As the strip dries, the comedonal plugs (dirt in your pores) are attracted to the adhesive on the strip. When you remove the strip, you will see small pieces of dirt stuck to the strip that have come out of your pores.
You have to apply the strip to wet, clean skin or it will not work properly.
Make sure that you wait until the strip is completely dry to remove it. Then pull it off slowly.
6. **Use makeup that won't cause acne.** Some cosmetics can irritate your skin and cause acne. If you have trouble with acne on your nose, consider going without makeup or use as little makeup as possible. When choosing foundations, go for oil-free and noncomedogenic makeups that won't clog your pores.
The chemicals and oils in makeup, even hypoallergenic makeup, can be clog your pores and cause breakouts.
Always remove all makeup before going to sleep. This helps reduce clogged pores.
7. **Wear sunblock on your face.** You should make sure to protect your face, especially your nose, from the sun. Too much sun exposure and tanning beds can damage your skin, and damaged skin is at a high risk for acne. If you are going to be out in the sun, wear sunblock. You can choose to wear a separate sunscreen or buy a daily moisturizer with sunblock in it.
Some acne medications make your skin extremely sensitive to UV rays. Take caution in the sun if you are using these medications, which list sensitivity to the sun on the labels.
8. **See a doctor.** Try these at home methods for at least three to four weeks. If the acne on your nose is showing no improvement, make an appointment to see a dermatologist. If you have moderate to severe acne, see a dermatologist before you try any of these methods to get a professional recommendation.
Without that professional advice, you could cause more problems than you solve/ Your dermatologist may recommend other approaches to blackheads, whiteheads, or pimples on your nose. Nothing can replace having a trained physician physically examine and look at your unique skin.
A dermatologist may recommend prescription medications, or alternative treatments such as microdermabrasion, chemical peels, or light or laser treatments. They may also help immediately remove blackheads with a special tool called a comedone extractor.
9. **Choose a noncomedogenic cleanser.** A noncomedogenic cleanser will not clog your pores. This kind of cleanser is recommended if your face is prone to acne. Choose a mild, non-abrasive cleanser.
Try a gentle, water-based cleanser such as Neutrogena, Cetaphil, and Eucerin. These are especially helpful if you have oily skin.
10. **Cleanse your face.** Wet your face with lukewarm water and then pour a small amount of the cleanser into the palm of your hand. Massage the cleanser onto your face for about two minutes. Make sure to use small, gentle, circular motions.
To help get rid of nose acne, pay special attention to your nose and all its curves. Get the cleanser into creases of your nose.
11. **Rinse off the cleanser.** Next, splash your face with lukewarm water or use a washcloth soaked in warm water to remove the cleanser from your face. Keep splashing your face with water or rinse the washcloth in warm water and repeat until you have wiped all the cleanser off your face.
Avoid scrubbing your skin. This can lead to irritation, redness, and breakouts.
Use a cotton towel to pat dry your face after you have removed all of the cleanser.
12. **Moisturize your face.** Apply a noncomedogenic moisturizer, such as products from Neutrogena, Cetaphil, and Olay. You can also try store brand moisturizers, but make sure you read the label to check that it is noncomedogenic.
Use this method twice a day and after heavy sweating.
13. **Use a spot herbal treatment.** A number of herbs can act as astringents, which help to dry out tissues and act as anti-inflammatory agents. You can apply an astringent directly onto pimples on your nose using a Q-tip or a cotton ball. Use these astringents sparingly because they dry out the skin. The following herbal astringents can be used to dry individual pimples:
Black or Green tea
Lemon juice
Chamomile tea
Yarrow tea
Sage tea
Apple cider vinegar
14. **Make an herbal mask.** Facial masks can help clean, tighten, and heal the skin and minimize pimples. Astringent herbs tighten or tone the skin while the antibacterial herbs help kill off bacteria. You can treat just your nose or your entire face. Start by making a mask with one tablespoon of honey, which is antibacterial and astringent, along with one egg white, which is also an astringent.
Add one teaspoon of lemon juice, which is another astringent.
Add ⅛ teaspoon of any of the following essential oils with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties: peppermint, spearmint, lavender, calendula, or thyme.
Spread the mixture over your nose. If you want, use a q-tip to spread the mixture over specific problem areas. Allow the mixture to dry for 15 minutes, then rinse off completely with lukewarm water.
Pat dry and apply a non-comedogenic moisturizer.
15. **Use a sea salt mask.** You can also dry out pimples on the nose by using sea salt. Take one teaspoon of sea salt and stir it into three teaspoons of hot water. Stir to dissolve the sea salt. If you don't want to use a full mask, take a q-tip and dip the tip into your mixture and apply where needed. Just make sure you avoid getting the mixture near your eyes.
Leave the mixture on for 10 minutes. Don't leave it on any longer. Sea salt draws water out and can dry your skin too much.
Rinse off completely with cool or lukewarm water. Pat dry.
16. **Make an exfoliant.** Vigorous exfoliation using a harsh exfoliant product often does more harm than good. Exfoliation can cause micro-scarring and more obvious scarring, and it can often make acne worse. The scrubs you buy which perform the exfoliation may pull off skin that is not yet ready to fall off. Instead, you can make your own gentle exfoliants to spot treat the acne on your nose. Use these treatments two to three times a week.
To make a honey-baking soda exfoliant, mix ¼ cup of honey with enough baking soda to make a paste. Using gentle, circular motions, apply this mixture to the affected area. You can also use a q-tip. Gently work the mixture into your nose for two to three minutes and rinse with warm water.
Grind ¼ to ½ cup of rolled whole oats in a food processor. Add enough olive, jojoba, vitamin E, avocado, or almond oil to make a paste. Using gentle, circular motions, apply this mixture to the affected areas or use a q-tip. Gently work the mixture into the area for two to three minutes and rinse with warm water.
For a sugar-olive oil exfoliant, mix a teaspoon of sugar with ½ cup of olive oil. Using gentle, circular motions, apply this mixture to the affected areas or use a q-tip. Gently work the mixture into the area for two to three minutes and rinse with warm water.
17. **Wash your face.** Before you steam clean your face, you need to clean it first. Otherwise, you might cause even more pimples. Wet your face with lukewarm water. With your fingertips, apply cleanser to your face.
Rinse your face with lukewarm water. Make sure to remove all the excess cleanser. Pat dry using a clean towel.
18. **Choose an essential oil.** You can add an acne-fighting essential oil to your steam. This can give your nose some extra cleansing. You can try tea tree oil, orange oil, lavender oil, rosemary oil, or peppermint oil.
You may want to use the same oil that is in your cleanser or try a different oil completely.
19. **Fill a bowl with steaming water.** Heat one quart of water until it boils. When the water starts to boil, remove it from the heat. Then, pour the water into a heat proof bowl and add a few drops of your chosen essential oil.
If you don't have any essential oils, you can substitute ½ teaspoon of the dried herb for each quart of water.
20. **Hold your face over the steam.** Opening your pores using steam can help clear your skin and help the astringents effectively dry out the pimples on your nose To steam your face, begin by covering your head with a large towel. When the water has cooled a bit but is still steaming, hold your face over the steaming pot. Make sure to stay at least 12 inches (30.5 cm) above it.
Close your eyes. Remain over the steam for 10 minutes with the towel over your head. This helps open your pores.
Never put your face too close to hot water. This can cause scalding and damage blood vessels.
21. **Repeat this process.** After 10 minutes, remove your face from the steam. Cover your face with a cold washcloth. After holding the cold cloth on your face for 30 seconds, return to the steam. Repeat this 3 times, ending with the cold treatment each time.
The idea is to contract and expand surface capillaries, which can tone your skin and improve circulation.
22. **Rinse and dry.** When you are finished, rinse your face with lukewarm water. Gently pat your face dry without rubbing your skin. Then, apply a non-comedogenic moisturizer to your face.
You can do this steam treatment twice a day, in the morning and in the evening, to try to get rid of the acne around your nose. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Get-Rid-of-Acne-on-Your-Nose", "language": "en"} |
How to Be Happy Even when Alone | We all have trouble being alone from time to time. Whether we're single, living alone, or simply having a tough time tolerating being by ourselves, it can be a challenge to feel happy if you're lonely. In this article, we'll walk you through a variety of useful strategies for staying positive and living your best life when you're on your own.
Here are 14 tips and tricks to help you feel happy even when you’re alone.
1. **Exploring new hobbies keeps your mind active and engaged.** It’s normal to feel a bit empty and restless when you’re lonely. Throwing yourself into interesting new hobbies can help with that! Use your alone time to explore something you've always wanted to do. Consider activities like:
Learning a new language
Gardening
Learning to play an instrument
Arts and crafts projects
2. **A set schedule can give you a sense of order and purpose.** Being alone has a way of making people feel a bit lost. Taking a few minutes to create a daily schedule for yourself can help prevent that feeling! Schedule in regular daily activities, like work, exercise, or cooking, as well as hobbies and other pursuits.
Schedule in communication, too, especially if you’re introverted and struggle with that. For example, pencil in a time to call or video chat with a friend.
3. **It’s easy to focus on the negative when you’re by yourself.** Everyone does this from time to time, but that doesn’t mean it’s healthy. When you feel yourself getting stuck in that negative headspace, make an effort to get yourself out by focusing on the positive things in your life. Grab a pen and some paper and write down an actual list!
You can also try making these lists more often, like at the end the day or week.
4. **Use social media to connect but log out if it feels negative.** Social media is a great way to meet and interact with others, but it has downsides, too. If you notice that you’re using it to compare yourself to others, or if you feel bad about yourself or even lonelier after using social media, it might help to log out more often.
When you're online, focus on meaningful conversations and positive interactions. Try to spend less time mindlessly scrolling.
5. **A change of scenery can boost your mood and shift your perspective.** If you’re feeling lonely, try to force yourself to get up and go for a brief walk. Just a few minutes outdoors can help you get your mind off things and refresh you.
If negative thoughts start creeping in, gently remind yourself to refocus on your surroundings.
6. **Giving your time and effort to help others eases loneliness.** Everyone likes to feel needed; doing volunteer work is a selfless way for you to fulfill that need while also making a difference in your community. When you’re actively engaged and helping others, it’s hard to feel truly alone. Look into volunteer opportunities like:
Serving food at a soup kitchen
Mentoring a young person in a Big Brother or Big Sister program
Reading to the elderly in nursing homes
Environmental or animal rights activism
7. **Writing down thoughts and feelings can help you make sense of them.** Regular journaling can help you get to know yourself better through self-expression. You can also practice gratitude by keeping track of what you're grateful for in your journal. Take a few minutes each day make note of a few things.
8. **Make a list of things that you truly like about yourself.** There’s nothing wrong with appreciating yourself! Take some time to celebrate your good qualities. Reflect on your best traits. You can even add these to your gratitude lists or journal.
For example: "I do an awesome job at work. I'm a valued member of the team."
Or look at yourself in the mirror and say, "I have kind eyes."
If you're having trouble with this, ask a few trusted friends or family members what they think your best qualities are.
9. **Studies show regular exercise eases loneliness and boosts mood.** We all know exercise makes us physically fit, but did you know it also releases chemicals in your brain that make you feel positive and happy? It’s true! If you feel uncomfortable exercising around other people, start with easy activities you can do by yourself, like running, walking, or biking.
If you don’t mind exercising with others, that may offer even more mood-boosting benefits! Consider trying fitness or yoga classes, or working out in a public gym.
10. **Speak to yourself with kindness and compassion—you deserve that.** Positive self-talk takes practice, but it's worth it. For example, if you find yourself thinking negative thoughts such as, "Nobody wants to spend time with me," change this thought to something more realistic like, "People love spending time with me, but sometimes they get busy and that's normal."
If you feel like you aren’t doing a good job at work or school, tell yourself something a friend might say like, “Are you serious? You're great at your job!"
If you’re an introvert, keep in mind that that isn’t a flaw! It’s a completely natural and acceptable way to be.
11. **Remember that being alone and being lonely are different things!** It might not seem like it now, but you can be alone without feeling lonely. Spend some time thinking of reasons why being alone can be a positive thing. You can even make a list and keep it with you! Here are a few examples to get you started:
The freedom to daydream and be introspective
The ability to do things your way without compromising
More time to focus on your health and well-being
More time to practice and develop your skills
12. **Meditation and breathing exercises can help you feel calm and centered.** Mindfulness is about being in the here-and-now, or living in the present moment, appreciating it without dwelling too much in the past or worrying about the future. Studies show that mindfulness techniques can help to reduce feelings of loneliness and anxiety. Consider exploring:
Meditation
Yoga
Deep breathing exercises
13. **Spend quality time with the people who are important to you.** Focus on connecting and conversing with them instead of doing passive activities like watching television. If you feel secure about the connections in your life, you’re less likely to feel lonely when you’re at home or doing things by yourself.
If it’s been a while, reach out and see how they’re doing! Make plans to catch up soon.
When you’re alone, focus on the positive memories you have with the people you love.
14. **Therapy can help you feel heard and understood.** Loneliness can be a symptom of a larger issue like depression. If you find yourself becoming increasing lonely or not being able to tolerate being alone, it may benefit you to seek professional help.
Psychotherapy can be a useful way to understand yourself better.
Contact your medical insurance provider for a list of approved psychologists, therapists, and psychiatrists.
Avoid drinking alcohol or using other substances to cope with being alone.
Be patient - good things will come. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Be-Happy-Even-when-Alone", "language": "en"} |
How to Quickly Get Rid of Bags Under Your Eyes | If you frequently suffer from dark, puffy bags beneath your eyes, you may need to try some long-term treatments to address the underlying problem and permanently get rid of them. Thankfully, there are several short-term strategies that can temporarily reduce, remove, or hide bags under your eyes within a few hours or days. While these solutions won’t fix an ongoing problem, they might be able to help you if you need to get rid of your puffy eyes in a hurry.
1. **Apply a cool compress.** Soak a clean, soft washcloth in cool water, ringing out the excess once drenched. Gently press the washcloth beneath and around your eyes, making sure to cover the entire bagged area. Continue for about five minutes.
Do this while sitting upright to encourage any pooled fluids beneath your eyes to drain.
The cold compress--and other cooling techniques--work by constricting the blood vessels responsible for discoloration and swelling beneath the eye.
2. **Press a cold spoon against your eyes.** Place four stainless steel spoons in a cold glass of ice water; allow them to chill for two to four minutes. Remove one spoon and carefully apply it to the swollen, dark circle beneath your eye, pressing lightly. Keep it there until the spoon warms to the temperature of your skin.
Return the used spoon to the ice water and take out a new spoon. Repeat this process with the bag beneath your other eye.
Continue as needed, swapping out warmed spoons for chilled ones, for anywhere from 5 to 15 minutes, depending on how long it takes to reduce the appearance of both bags.
3. **Cover your eyes with cucumbers.** Cut two 1/2-inch (1.25-cm) thick slices of refrigerated cucumber and place them over each closed eye, making sure to cover the affected area. Relax in an upright position with your head slightly back for about 25 minutes.
Since cucumbers have a high water content, they're naturally cool and hydrating, making them surprisingly great at relieving swollen eyes. Cucumbers also contain quercetin, an antioxidant that blocks histamine, which may reduce bags under the eye caused by allergies.
4. **Use chilled tea bags.** Dunk two tea bags in cold water, then place them in the refrigerator for about 15 minutes to get them even chillier. When they're ready, place the tea bags over closed eyes, covering the bagged area. Lie back with your head slightly elevated and continue treatment for 25 to 30 minutes.
Afterward, wash your eyes and face with cool water and pat the skin dry.
Avoid tea bags containing potent spices, like pepper or cinnamon, that may irritate your eyes. Chamomile tea and green tea have natural healing properties, making them ideal options. Caffeinated teas will also restrict the blood flow and relieve puffiness.
5. **Take an antihistamine.** Allergies are one possible reason you might have bags under your eyes. If you're experiencing other allergy symptoms, taking an over-the-counter antihistamine might be a worthwhile option to consider.
Similarly, puffy bags can develop beneath your eyes during a cold or sinus infection. Over-the-counter medications meant to treat these conditions may help reduce bags under the eyes, too.
6. **Flush out your sinuses.** If sinus problems cause your puffy eyes but an antihistamine doesn't reduce those bags thoroughly enough, consider using a neti pot to flush out the extra fluid building up beneath your eyes.
Dissolve 1/4 tsp (0.6 ml) finely ground non-ionized salt in 8 oz (250 ml) of warm water.
Pour this solution into a clean neti pot, then tip your head to the side and use the neti pot to pour half the solution into one nostril. Tip your forehead lower to help the solution drain out of your other nostril.
Repeat the same process using the other half of the solution, swapping sides to cleanse your sinus passages more thoroughly.
You can also clear out your sinuses using a saline nasal spray.
7. **Apply eye cream.** There are numerous eye creams formulated to help reduce puffy bags. Look for one that claims to be fast-acting for the quickest results.
Retinol eye creams are a popular choice. While these creams work well in the long run by promoting collagen production, they may not provide immediate results.
A better option for fast relief might be an eye cream with caffeine in it. Caffeine constricts the blood vessels responsible for inflammation and discoloration.
Another possibility would be eye creams with Arnica, a natural anti-inflammatory ingredient.
8. **Stay hydrated.** Make sure you're drinking the recommended eight 8-oz (250-ml) glasses of water per day. Puffiness beneath the eyes can be caused by water retention, but dehydration actually causes your body to retain more water.
On a similar note, you should also cut back on foods and drinks that may worsen dehydration when dealing with bags beneath your eyes. This includes salty foods, alcohol, and caffeine.
9. **Remove any makeup.** Before going to bed, thoroughly wash off any makeup you applied to your face earlier in the day. Eye makeup can cause your eyes to water while you sleep, which will increase the amount of puffiness you wake up with.
If possible, try to use actual makeup remover to strip cosmetics from your skin before bed. Removers are specially formulated to cling to the makeup particles and lift them away, making them more effective than plain soap and water.
If you don't have makeup remover, though, regular facial cleanser and plain water will still work. Just make sure that you keep washing until all eye makeup is completely gone.
10. **Sleep with your head elevated.** Slide an extra pillow beneath your head before falling asleep. You could also prop up the head of your mattress or elevate the entire head of the bed. The main idea is simply to keep your head higher than the rest of your body.
Keeping your head elevated should help drain excess blood, mucus, and other fluids away from your face, preventing them from pooling beneath your eyes and creating bags.
11. **Lay on your back.** If you sleep on your stomach or your side, switch to sleeping on your back for the night. By keeping your eyes facing up, you allow gravity to pull excess fluid away from your eyes instead of letting it gather there.
If you think you'll naturally roll back onto your stomach or side during the night, try wedging pillows on the other side of your body to help reduce the amount of tossing and turning you can do.
12. **Get enough sleep.** Poor sleep is one of the better-known causes of bags beneath your eyes. Plan ahead when choosing your bedtime so that you can get about seven to eight hours of sleep before your alarm goes off the next morning.
Sleep deprivation causes your body to release cortisol, the "stress hormone," which can cause the collagen in your skin to break down. This makes the skin beneath your eyes weaker and more prone to dark circles.
13. **Apply eye cream.** Before applying any makeup, dab some eye cream over the bags. Give it a few minutes to dry before continuing.
Choose an eye cream the moisturizes. For an added boost, consider one containing retinol or caffeine.
Do not use eye cream if you’re prone to getting styes.
Regardless of the type you choose, the eye cream will help moisturize the skin and fill in any fine lines that could otherwise trap cosmetics.
14. **Cover the area with concealer.** Lightly apply concealer that matches your skin tone over the bags beneath your eyes. Use the applicator or a brush to pat it on, but avoid rubbing it into the skin since doing so could cause further irritation
For best results, choose a lightweight concealer with a creamy texture. Heavier concealers can sink into the fine lines beneath your eyes and highlight skin damage.
Avoid using your fingers when applying concealer since doing so increases the risk of applying too much. A small, flat brush is your best option.
15. **Carefully sweep on some bronzer.** While only optional, adding a bronzer to your cheeks can help minimize the appearance of swollen bags beneath your eyes. Apply the bronzer to your cheeks and blend it upward to the area just beneath your eyes using a standard powder brush.
The contrast created by the bronzer can help minimize the appearance of bags without covering them directly. Avoid bronzers with shimmer, however, since these can actually highlight bags.
16. **Use a light-colored eyeliner on your lower lid.** Pick a white, cream, or light nude color and apply it to the inside of your lower lid. It will help your eyes look brighter, you’ll seem more awake, and it will distract attention away from your bags.
17. **Top the area with powder.** Use a brush with splayed bristles to lightly dust loose, translucent powder beneath your eyes and over your cheeks.
The powder should help set your makeup and prevent it from gathering in the creases and fine lines of the skin around your eyes. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Quickly-Get-Rid-of-Bags-Under-Your-Eyes", "language": "en"} |
How to Throw a Cut Fastball | The cut fastball, or cutter, is a variation of either a two- or four-seam fastball. When thrown as a right-handed pitch, it moves from right to left, almost like a curveball, but with later, less severe break. The mechanics of the pitch, however, are still pure fastball, so you won't have to throw the pitch like a curveball. When thrown correctly, the cutter is a devastating pitch, designed to draw off-balance contact.
1. **Start off by gripping the ball as you would a two-seam fastball.** A two-seam fastball is gripped with the index and middle fingers on the two narrow seams of the baseball.
2. **Instead of leaving your fingers there, move your two fingers over to the right.** Make sure your fingers are relatively close together. Your fingers can either be positioned so that your middle finger runs along the seam, or so that the seam runs directly in the middle of both fingers. Experiment with what works best for you.
3. **Move your thumb over so that it's diametrically opposed to your top two fingers.** Diametrically opposed just means that if you extended both fingers in the same direction, they would eventually form a perfect circle.
Think of the ball like a clock. If your thumb on a normal two-seam grip is at 6 o'clock, your thumb now should be at a 4 o'clock or 5 o'clock position.
4. **Turn in your wrist slightly in the direction of your thumb.** For right-handed pitchers, this means turning your wrist slightly to the left. For left-handed pitchers, this means turning your wrist slightly to the right.
5. **Lead with the middle finger.** When throwing a two-seam fastball, put extra pressure on your middle finger. This will create a natural spin on the ball that will help it cut.
6. **Start off by gripping the ball as would a four-seam fastball.** A four-seam fastball is gripped with the index and middle fingers going perpendicular across the U-shaped seams. Your two fingers should touch the seams of the baseball in four places: the bottom of both fingers and the top.
7. **Move your two fingers together and slightly to the right, placing extra pressure on your middle finger.** This will help create the cut in your fastball, as the last finger that touches the ball will be the middle finger.
8. **Keep your thumb in the bottom position, or perhaps up on the inside of the ball, anchoring.** Your thumb and your top fingers may not be exactly diametrically opposed, but they should be pretty comfortable.
9. **Hide the cut grip in your glove going into the windup.** You don't want to telegraph your pitch until the exact moment you release the baseball. Tipping the hitter off early could ruin the surprise of the pitch.
10. **Think "fastball" all the way.** The cutter is a fastball, after all. You want a simple up-and-down motion with your hand, not delivering any spin with your wrist.
Make sure your arm-speed is similar to your fastball arm-speed.
Extend your arm fully as you deliver the pitch.
11. **Follow through, and snap your wrist down while applying slight pressure with your middle finger for slight spin.** This will cause the ball to move away from a right handed batter and in on a left handed batter. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Throw-a-Cut-Fastball", "language": "en"} |
How to Grow a Quality Medical Marijuana | Medicinal Marijuana is a popular alternative choice to treat a variety of medical conditions suffered by millions of people. But while medicinal marijuana is popular, depending on where you live, it is also hard to acquire. This is because the laws regulating the cultivation and distribution of marijuana vary from state to state and often conflict with federal law. As a result, depending on where you live, the easiest way to acquire medicinal marijuana is to grow it yourself. However, while growing may be the option for you, growing quality marijuana is an extremely difficult task. Fortunately, though, with some knowledge and commitment, you’ll be able to grow high quality marijuana in no time.
1. **Secure an indoor space.** The trick to growing quality marijuana is to grow your marijuana inside. Growing your marijuana inside will allow you to completely control the environment. This will eliminate the possibility of overwatering (through rain), lack of sun, pest problems, and other issues that plague outdoor growers. But don’t worry, you don’t need a specifically designed space to grow pot. With a little retrofitting you can essentially grow your pot in any indoor space.
2. **Purchase lights and light-proof a room.** Perhaps the most important step in creating an environment to grow quality medical marijuana is to purchase and set up your lights. Quality lights and a good lighting schedule will make sure that your marijuana will grow and produce quality buds. In addition, you’re going to want to light-proof your grow room so light will not leak in during the night-time or dark period. Make sure to:
Purchase either metal halide or high pressure sodium lights. The typical rule is that you should have 7000-7500 lumens per square foot in a grow room. The number of lumens vary based on the light, so consult the box or manufacturer before purchasing.
Install surge protectors and use GFI wall outlets to protect against the potential of electrocution if there is a flood in the grow room.
Consider buying a generator to provide backup power in case of a power outage.
Lightproof your grow room by covering all windows with tinfoil, heavy-duty blackout curtains, and more.
3. **Setup a lighting schedule.** A lighting schedule is extremely important to growing quality medical marijuana. Because you want quality pot, you’ll be completely regulating your plant's light source. You need to be diligent about this schedule, and do not stray from it. Straying from your lighting schedule may undermine the quality of your buds.
Purchase timers so you can put your lights on a schedule.
Your initial lighting schedule will be 18 hours of light and 6 hours of dark.
Do not enter the room during the dark period – this could trigger flowering.
Do not let any light at all enter the room during the dark period.
4. **Provide proper ventilation and temperature control.** Plants, just like animals, need fresh and clean air to thrive. As a result, you need to make sure that wherever you grow your plants has fresh and clean air. In addition, you need to make sure that the temperature and relative humidity of your grow space stays relatively constant. To do this:
Make sure your grow room has good circulation to move fresh air in and out. You can do this by installing specially designed ducts that will move air in and out without allowing sunlight to creep through. The cheapest way to do this would be to install bent pipes in a window opening, and covering the left-over space with plywood and/or other materials. Use fans to further promote circulation.
Make sure your heating and cooling system is running and is capable of providing cool and hot air to the space. Depending on where you are, air conditioning might be the most important since your lights will generate a lot of heat.
Make sure your temperature stays a constant 70 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit. The specific number in that range depends on the strain of marijuana and your climate. Many growers like to keep the temperature between 72 and 75 degrees when lights are on, and allow the temperature to climb to 79 to 85 during the dark period.
5. **Get a good soil mix.** Soil, next to lighting, is perhaps the most important element in growing quality medical marijuana. Make sure to secure a really good soil mix. Don’t cheap out here. Soil quality and the nutrients in soil will determine the quality of your product. Consider:
Your soil should drain well so that you don’t have water accumulation that could hurt your roots and plant. Soils should have some sand, sponge rock, or pearlite in it.
Have a mixture of fox farm ocean forest soil and half of any kinds of unfertilized potting soil. This mixture will do the trick and this will help enable the root of the plant to access to the food (nutrient) freely.
Include good fertilizer in the soil. The type of fertilizer you choose can vary depending on your taste and budget.
6. **Plant your marijuana seeds.** The first step in growing your marijuana will be to plant your seeds. While this is a pretty foolproof process (if you’ve done everything else right), there are a number of things you need to do to make sure your seeds germinate and grow. Make sure to:
Bury your seeds less than an inch from the surface.
Provide water to the seeds after burying. Do not flood the soil. Just make sure it is wet several inches down.
Plant extra seeds to account for seeds that don’t germinate or seedlings that die soon after germinating.
7. **Water your seedlings and plants.** Be sure to water your marijuana plants as often as they need to be watered. If you don’t water your plants enough, photosynthesis may slow, your plants will develop slower, and your quality will suffer. If you water them too much, your plants could suffer root rot or other problems that will hurt quality. To water properly, make sure to:
Wait until the top of your soil is dry to about an inch deep.
Water your plants until 10% to 20% of the water drains out of the bottom of your growing container.
Wait until the top of your soil is dry to an inch again before watering.
After some experience, feel free to set up an automatic watering system that works on a timer. This will save an experienced grower a lot of time.
8. **Tend to your plants in their vegetative state.** The second growth phase after germinating your seeds is the vegetative state. The vegetative state is a period from 2 weeks to 2 months depending on the variety of the plant. During this period your plants will develop and mature.
Most strains need a minimum of 2-3 weeks in the vegetative state. However, you can choose how big you want your plants to be by how long you allow them to stay in a vegetative state.
Make sure to give your plant enough water, depending on size of the plant, pot, and other conditions.
Make sure to give your plant enough fertilizer, if it’s not already present in the soil.
9. **Induce flowering.** Once your plants have been in the vegetative state and are as large as you want them to be, you need to induce flowering. This is the major change in the lifestyle of your plants from when they will be growing to maturity to when they will begin to produce flowers and buds. To induce flowering:
Reduce your light from 18 hours a day to 12 hours a day.
Do not let any light enter the room during the 12 dark hours.
In about two weeks, you’ll begin to see bud and flower development on the plants. This will begin the flowering stage.
Continue your 12 hours of darkness until harvesting.
10. **Monitor pH often.** The pH of your plant is extremely important in making sure you are growing quality medical marijuana. This is because marijuana does not really thrive in soil that is too acidic. As a result, you should monitor the pH of your soil often to make sure the acidity is not too high.
Test the pH every 2 to 3 days. If you are going soil-less (hydroponic) make sure to test your pH every day.
Your target pH is between 6.0 and 7.0 if using traditional soil.
Your target pH is between 5.5. and 6.5 if you are going hydroponic another soil-less method.
Use a digital pH pen or pH testing strips.
11. **Adjust your pH level.** After you’ve tested your pH level and determined that it needs to be adjusted, you can take measurements to properly tune the pH. By adjusting the pH, you’ll help create the best environment to grow quality marijuana. To adjust pH:
Purchase pH UP and pH Down solution.
Test your water’s pH level.
Follow directions on the solution’s container and add enough solution to the water until you get the desired pH.
Use the treated water to water your plants and retest after a few days.
Continue adding solution for as long as needed, or indefinitely if your water is out of the desired pH range.
12. **Flush your plants.** As the flowering stage comes to an end and your flowers/buds are maturing, you’ll need to prepare yourself to flush your plants. Flushing is the process in which you stop adding nutrients and fertilizer to the plants and only provide your plants with an excess of pure water. What this will do is make sure that nutrients are flushed out of the soil and/or other medium you are growing in. This will force your plant to rely on nutrient reserves. This will increase the quality of the final product.
Start the flushing process 2 weeks before harvest.
Do not add any more fertilizer or nutrients for the remainder of the plant’s life.
Add enough water so that there is water at the top of the soil. Let it leech or bleed out of the bottom of the container.
Repeat this step a second time after all of the water bleeds out of the bottom of the container.
If you are growing hydroponic, make sure to swap the old water out for fresh water.
13. **Begin harvest process.** Two days before harvest, you’ll want to take a few steps to make sure the harvest process will be done perfectly. This will ensure the production of quality marijuana. Make sure to:
Conduct another flush two days before harvest. Make sure to do this twice.
Stop adding water one day before harvest.
Adjust this process (in future crops) and try to make sure your soil is completely dry before harvest.
14. **Harvest your buds.** Once your plants have budded and the buds have flowered, it will be time to harvest. Harvesting is a very committed and prolonged process, so make sure you have the time to do this and the space to do what needs to be done. Begin by:
Cutting the plant from the root.
Cutting larger branches to make it easier, if you need.
Making sure you leave at least two large branches.
Removing all leaves. This should be relatively easy because they would have started to die a week or two before.
Removing all excess twigs, stems, leaves, and anything without buds.
15. **Cure your buds.** After harvesting your plants, you’ll need to begin the curing process. The curing process is extremely important and needs to be done right. If you don’t cure properly, your buds could develop mold, mildew, or just dry out completely. Make sure to:
Hang your large branches and the plant for 1 to 2 weeks. Remove smaller buds as they dry out. Remember, you don’t want them completely dry, but maybe half-dry.
The temperature of the room you cure in should be about 70 degrees Fahrenheit.
The humidity of the room you cure in should be about 50 percent.
After you’ve removed the buds from the branches, make sure to put them in an airtight container. Open the container several times a day to allow fresh air in. Always reseal the container afterwards.
After a few days, your buds will be ready.
16. **Find out about laws in your city and state.** Before you embark upon growing quality medical marijuana, you need to know the specifics of the laws governing medical marijuana growth and consumption in your city or state. Laws vary from state to state and city to city – know them.
Find out if you can indeed grow marijuana at the location you want to grow it. Some jurisdictions forbid growing marijuana close to a school or other public buildings. Make sure your location is zoned and is okay to grow pot at.
Know how many plants you are permitted to grow as a medical marijuana grower. These numbers vary from state to state and city to city. You can be fined or imprisoned if you grow too much.
Contact your local government, police department, or alcohol and marijuana control authority if you have any questions.
17. **Secure a permit or license, if necessary.** Find out if you need a permit or license to grow marijuana. If you do, get your permit or license before moving forward. Growing without a permit may result in substantial fines or jail time.
18. **Understand federal law.** Before you grow medical marijuana, know how federal law applies to medical marijuana. While medical marijuana growth and consumption might be permitted in your city or state, federal law may contradict it and is a higher authority.
Consumption of marijuana for medical purposes is actually prohibited by federal law.
Growth of medical marijuana is also prohibited by federal law.
While it does not happen often, the Justice Department can prosecute you for cultivating or consuming medical marijuana.
19. **Know about distribution.** After you’ve familiarized yourself with your local and state laws, you need to understand laws and rules about distribution of medical marijuana in your jurisdiction and at the federal level.
You may be prosecuted for distributing your medical marijuana to others, even if they have a prescription.
Many states and cities require that people purchasing medical marijuana must do so with a doctor's prescription and buy it from a licensed distributor.
While the federal government may look the other way most of the time when it comes to medical marijuana for personal use, you are much more likely to be prosecuted if you distribute your medical marijuana to others. The danger of prosecution is especially high if you or someone else brings your marijuana across state borders. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Grow-a-Quality-Medical-Marijuana", "language": "en"} |
How to Deal With Sin | Dealing with sin can ultimately be a humbling and positive journey. You can strive to stop sinning or deal with sin in someone else in an empathetic and forgiving manner. Don't expect perfection. However, double down in your commitment to deal with sin positively.
1. **Understand what sin is, and don't take it lightly.** Many religions have definitions of sin, and there are general societal norms for morality also that might vary from culture to culture. In order to deal with sin, it must first be identified, and then acknowledged.
There are right and wrong reasons for everything, and any coping method you use will be more effective if you are sincere about wanting to address the sin. For example, you'll find the process harder if you're only sorry you were caught. Ideally, your reason would be along the lines of bettering yourself or pleasing God, if you are religious.
Sin is not a concept to take lightly if you want to live free from condemnation and at peace with yourself and others. Some sins can really hurt others and yourself. Be ever wary of these, and don't minimize the damage that's been caused. Sin is often a selfish act; if you find yourself doing something that hurts someone else but satisfies a want of yours, that's probably a sin (same if someone else is doing it).
If you are religious, seek out a religious text, like the Bible, or religious authorities, and truly understand their definitions of sin. While most people believe that sin is the 'bad stuff' people do, sin is much more than that in many religions. Sin is any deviation from the perfection (wholeness/completeness) of God. So while sins can be actions, thoughts and attitudes can be sinful, as well. The root of sin is the human desire to put oneself ahead of others.
2. **Figure out why you or the other person has sinned.** Sin doesn't exist in a vacuum. People sin – especially if it's habitual sin – because of underlying problems or issues, in many cases.
Sin, especially habitual sin, is often the symptom of a much greater issue in a person's life. Examine your life. What sins have you been committing? What are the causes of these sins? Really dig deep, and ask yourself the hard questions.
If the sin came from someone else, help that person examine his or her life and the underlying reasons that might have led him or her to sin. This can be much more effective than responding to sin with blame and anger.
3. **Lighten up on yourself or the other person.** Understand that everyone can fall. Secondly, we have to acknowledge that we don't have what it takes to defeat sin entirely. This principle is key; it will lead us to a humble life, overflowing with gratitude.
Don't ever dismiss yourself, or another person, as doomed to Hell. Only God chooses that, and, as much as we think we understand what can get you there, it is not our place.
One of the best ways to get over a sin is not to think too much about what you did, but what you did not do. If you already know how to correct your particular sin, then simply do so. It will be hard, but do not give up; giving up hope is by far the worst possible sin. Try to make up for the sin as inconspicuously as possible.
4. **Get help for the sin or encourage the other person to get help.** Some sins, such as addictions, take other people to overcome and understand them. Find someone you trust to assist you, and be cautious of mentioning your struggle around judgmental people.
Overcoming sin isn't a shameful thing, and you certainly don't need unnecessary negative input if it can be avoided. Find balance. On one hand, you don't want to ignore your sins, as they can and will drag you down, but on the other hand, you need to not be too hard on yourself. If you're doing your best, you're on the right path.
Talk to God if you are religious. God isn't unapproachable, although He does want to be treated with respect. Spend time every day for personal prayer and scripture study. To study the scriptures, you can either read it from front to back, or you can use the Topical Guide to look up key words or phrases. So long as you're sincerely paying attention to what you're reading, there really isn't a wrong way to do it.
If you cannot stop yourself from committing a certain sin or a past sin seems to be taking over your life, don't be too proud to seek help if you are not religious. Psychiatrists are not looking to expose you in any way and may be able to help you conquer your struggles.
5. **Help the sinner if the sinner comes to you, but try to avoid scolding.** Tell the sinner gently if you think what he or she did was wrong, but there is usually no need to repeat yourself. Avoid overt judging words.
Show the sinner what to do if they ask. If you come on too heavy, or mention Hell to them, it could damage the relationship.
If someone was injured or hurt as a result of the sin, help that person. If the sinner doesn't yet feel the need to repent, avoid situations that might cause you or your family to get hurt by the other person.
6. **Help the sinner recognize what sin is.** You can subtly educate the sinner about how to repent, without driving them away.
Do this in a kind and helpful manner, without using overt judging words or castigating the sinner. Instead, explain what religious texts say about sin.
Couch your comments in empathy. Let the sinner know how you see the sin harming them and others around them. Focus on the good you see in them and on the potential the sinner can realize.
7. **Forgive** This may take time, especially if they hurt you, but you're not helping anyone by holding a grudge. Be open to restitution. Letting go of anger heals you, first and foremost.
Forgiveness doesn't mean that what they did was okay; forgiveness is often for your own peace of mind. Don't judge. Don't be in any way cruel to the sinner because of his or her decisions. The sinner is still a human being.
Do not press matters as that will make it worse. Patience and respect are the best cures for another's sin. Wait for signs of improvement (or lack thereof), and respect that the other person would have just as hard a time as you would, if not harder. When the time comes and the person has made the first change, congratulate the person (calmly, no parties) for working towards the better.
8. **Admit that you've sinned.** Firstly, you need to acknowledge that indeed, you have sinned, whether against yourself, others or God. The very fact you are asking the question means you recognize that something is amiss in your life. This is most encouraging.
One of the most difficult things good people have to face is the fact that we all sin. Good people do not easily see that they in fact commit sin. Identify what the sin is. Ask for forgiveness.
This means admitting you did something wrong, to the people you hurt, if applicable, and then confess it to God, if you are religious. Life is hard. We've all had times when we've done things we know we shouldn't have.
9. **Resolve not to do that wrong, or sinful, thing again.** If completely stopping the sin is not possible overnight, resolve to do and be better. God wants us to grow and be better, but He understands that perfection is a process.
Once you have done this and know in your heart you are forgiven, you may make restitution where appropriate. It is advisable to remain on your knees before God until you feel forgiven, if that's your religious belief.
No trite “I am sorry” is going to be okay. It needs to be a complete turning from what you did, leaving it behind through a 180-degree turn going in the opposite direction.
10. **Avoid being in the situation to sin again.** If it's getting drunk, don't go to places where you can buy alcohol. If it's sleeping around or adultery, then don't be alone with the person who tempts you.
If it's greed, find a way to figure out what is triggering those greedy episodes, and then set your mind to avoid those situations. Lying? Take a breath before answering. Weigh it out in your mind before you tell that next lie. Ask yourself, is that sin more important than your soul?
It's good to get an accountability partner to help. This could be someone who has been involved in your religion longer than you. If you are Catholic, this may mean Confession. Talk to someone. While it may be hard to trust people these days, if you know someone who will take your secret to the grave (lucky you) then tell him or her! You may be surprised with the advice the person has to offer. If you don't have anyone to talk to about this, you're definitely not alone. Try writing about it.
11. **Try using the power of prayer or meditation.** Prayer actually does work. Asking God to help you control your impulses (i.e. drinking or gambling) is the first step if you are religious.
However, it is you who ultimately chooses whether to fight against the sin or let it slide. God can lend a hand yes, but mostly He lets you have the choice. And it's not a quick-fix all of the time, as it will take work.
If someone else is sinning, then pray for them. Ask God to help open their eyes as well, but also yours. Nobody should be bashed for their beliefs/values/ideas, so secretly praying and continuing to love that person unconditionally whether a friend, family member or spouse, can go a long way.
12. **Do good deeds to counterbalance the sin.** If you've sinned, and you feel really badly about it, try to do some positive things for other people.
This will help focus your energy on good behaviors instead of the sin, and it could reduce your risk of re-offending. Fill your mind and life with good things.
Don't brag or boast about these good works. Do them quietly, and with humility. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Deal-With-Sin", "language": "en"} |
How to Check if a Versace Bag Is Real or Fake | Versace makes a number of attractive bags, but how do you know if the bag you’ve purchased is authentic? Counterfeit bags are now circulating regularly in both outlet stores and via internet sellers. To verify that your bag is a legitimate Versace product, start by investigating the CLG Code. Take a close look at the quality of the bag’s seams, stitching, and hardware. It also helps to buy from a vetted seller who is willing to guarantee the bag’s authenticity.
1. **Enter in the CLG Code.** All Versace bags come with a built-in authenticity code known as the Certilogo of CLG. This code is 12-digits long and usually located on the label or hang-tag of the bag. Once you’ve located the code you can then go to the Certilogo website and enter it in to verify authenticity.
Be aware that the CLG code information must be kept with any bag that is returned. Therefore, all authentic bags will have a unique code sold with them. Do not purchase a bag without a code.
The Certilogo website is used by many different luxury sellers and will require that you register with the site before entering your code in.
2. **Check for the certificate of authenticity.** Your Versace bag will also come with a small, white piece of paper stating that it is authentic. The text varies, but the writing itself is always in black. The certificate is often placed in the inside of the bag near the main label.
3. **Find the two production stickers.** You should find both stickers located in the interior of the bag. One will show the country of the sale, so a U.S. sticker for an American retail sale. The second sticker will state that the bag was produced in Italy. The printing on the stickers should be clear and not blurry.
If there is a possibility that you will return this bag, make sure to keep these stickers intact and in place.
4. **Request an authenticity guarantee.** Most sellers will provide you with a separate written guarantee stating that everything sold in their shop is authentic and legitimate. You can also visit a store’s website and look over their sales policies. Be wary of accepting a simple verbal guarantee or an informal written notice.
5. **Compare your bag to the official Versace website.** Go to the main Versace website and browse around to find a digital image of the bag that you are interested in. If the bag is vintage, then browse the internet and locate at least a few comparison images. Get the photos and do a one-on-one comparison, paying particular attention to small details, like the appearance of the lining.
6. **Look over the hardware.** You should be able to fasten the bag’s zippers and clasps with little effort and without scratching the metal surface of the hardware. The hardware should also be one uniform finish. Be particularly wary if you see dull spots on an otherwise shiny finish.
Versace does not use plastic hardware parts. All hardware on your bag should be a matching metal.
It is a good idea to lightly tug on each piece of hardware to make sure that it is properly sewn into the bag. The hardware should not move or be attached to the bag with glue. If you are buying online, ask for a close-up photo of the hardware and where it meets the bag.
Any designs on the hardware will likely be etched into the surface, not printed.
7. **Look over the seams and stitching.** The stitching should be even, barely noticeable, and straight. Glance over the stitching to see if you notice any loose or frayed seams as that is a sign of a fake bag. The seams on an authentic bag may also be protected with a light wax casing, which is sometimes removable post-purchase.
The threads should all be the same color, unless they are purposefully contrasted.
Pull very gently at the sides of the bag where the seams are located. They should not give at all, which is a sign of durability.
8. **Smell it.** If your bag is leather, it will likely have a light leather fragrance. Otherwise, your bag should not smell at all. Any indications of a rubbery or chemical smell is a sign that your bag is likely fake. Be aware that any fragrances that touch your new bag may be absorbed.
9. **Pay attention to packaging.** If you buy your bag new from a store or online, it may come in a box with a dust bag. The bag is used for storing the bag when not in use. The hardware of the Versace bag itself will not be covered with plastic or another layer. This is a common sign of a counterfeit.
10. **Look for a clear logo on the bag or box.** The Versace logo should be consistent across all of the packing materials and markings on the bag itself. Look for a crisp, clear logo on all printed materials and etching, instead of printing, on the handbag.
11. **Buy directly from a Versace store or outlet.** This is the best way to buy a legitimate Versace bag. You can find a location of a store near you by going to the Versace website. There are primary stores and outlets selling older season merchandise as well. Or, you could buy a bag directly from Versace online.
If you decide to the buy the online route, it may be a good idea to at least visit a store in person to look at the bags firsthand.
Try to stay away from generic designer bag outlets. These stores, whether online or in person, are often not affiliated with the brand itself. This makes it more difficult to determine authenticity.
12. **Buy from a high-rated online seller.** You want to find a seller who has been in business for a while and who has gotten a good number of positive reviews. On sites such as eBay, look for narrative reviews that describe how the quality of the bag matched up to the photos provided. It is also a good idea to buy from a site where the sellers are held accountable for negative reviews.
13. **Check out the seller’s website.** If you are looking for the main Versace website, pay attention to the final URL to make sure that you’ve reached the correct site. Sometimes fake bag sellers will use websites with typos or other subtle errors. You should also click on each of the website’s links and portals to make sure that they are accessible and accurate.
For example, a blank “Support” page is a clear red flag that the site may be trafficking in fake goods.
14. **Ask the seller questions.** Whether you buy in person or online, a seller should be able to answer any questions that you have about the Versace bag. Ask about the sources of their bags. Ask about how long they’ve been in business. Discuss any warranties and the return policies. Keep asking questions until you feel comfortable with your purchase.
15. **Ask for more photos.** Start off by saying that the photos they’ve provided are good, but you’d like just a few more images. Request that the photos show specific parts of the bag, such as the zipper areas or the threading at the bottom of the bag. Request both close and distance shots.
Check to make sure that the photos you’ve been given are not on another website or elsewhere. Also, look for signs of doctoring, such as blurry spots or obscured areas.
16. **Pay attention to your instincts.** There are many ways to purchase a Versace bag and it is best to pause for a moment if you have any doubts about the seller, bag, or price. If the purchase price seems unbelievable, it should arouse your suspicions and require some extra checking. Just wait a bit and continue to do your research. Consider your efforts as an investment toward making a good final purchase.
Versace does have seasonal sales, but these deals will not generally lower the price of a bag by half or more. When in doubt, contact a Versace store directly to ask for a price comparison.
If a seller mentions that the bag is cheaper due to a flaw, this is likely not the case. Many brands, such as Versace, will destroy flawed bags instead of selling them. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Know-if-a-Versace-Bag-Is-Real", "language": "en"} |
How to Make a Cancer Man Chase You | Cancers are known for their emotionally fluid, sensitive souls. If you're interested in a Cancer man, you've likely fallen for his emotional intelligence and genuine nature. They aren't usually the type to want to play games, so making a Cancer man chase you can be a little tough. Luckily, there's a lot you can do to hold his interest and leave him wanting more. Here are some tips to make the Cancer man of your dreams fall for you and never look back.
1. **Show him that you like him.** As a more sensitive, shy sign, the Cancer man you have your eye on may need some more encouragement to make a move. Start by being friendly, and work your way up towards being flirty as you get to know him. You want to move at a gradual, authentic pace when trying to woo a Cancer.
Say "Hi" and smile anytime you see him at school or work. Stop at his locker or his desk and ask how his day is going if you have time.
Reply to his Instagram story or send him a text message with something that reminds you of him. He'll be flattered and intrigued to get to know you more.
When the two of you chat, laugh at his jokes and make eye contact with him. To flirt, greet him with a hug when you see him or touch his shoulder when you say goodbye.
2. **Be direct to show your interest.** A Cancer man may need some confirmation that you like them before they start chasing you. Ask him out on a date or even tell him you like him. If you're not comfortable with that just yet or you're still getting to know him, ask him to hang out with a group of your friends or see if he wants to study with you after school. Whatever you do, be open about your interest in getting to know him better.
Next time you talk, ask him if he would like to hang out or go on a date. Say something like, "I have so much fun when we run into each other. Would you ever want to get coffee or something?"
If you're not comfortable asking him out just yet, try a group hangout. Text him something like, "A few friends and I are going to see a movie next week. Would you wanna come?"
Avoid playing hard to get or trying to make him jealous. Cancers want something genuine, and they won't enjoy playing games.
3. **Cancers are known for being pretty romantic and affectionate signs.** As you get to know each other, show him the same type of affection. Give him small sentimental gifts that show you've been thinking of him or do something nice for him just because you care. Your generous heart and sensitivity will appeal to him and help you stand out as the person he wants to be with.
Make him a playlist of songs you think he would like and share it with him. Throw in a few of your favorite songs and give the playlist a fun name to personalize the mix.
If he mentions that he enjoys reading poetry, stop by a book shop and buy him a book of poetry you've always liked. Write a little note inside that says something like, "I've always liked these poems. I thought you would appreciate them."
4. **Be patient and let him express himself at his own pace.** The symbol of Cancer is the crab for a reason. He may have a tough shell, but there’s a sensitive soul inside. Be friendly and encouraging in your interactions, and respect his pace if things stay at the friend stage for a little longer than usual. As super genuine people, a Cancer won't want to force anything before they're ready.
When you're first getting to know him, keep saying "Hi" and asking him how he's doing. He may seem shy at first, but he'll likely start approaching you, too.
As you start spending time together, keep making regular plans. After you hang out the first time, send an encouraging text like, "I had so much fun tonight! I'd love to see you again if you're up for it."
If after some time, he still continues to be reluctant to open up or hang out again, he may not be interested in a romantic connection.
5. **Cancers are attracted to authenticity.** Be open about your true interests in conversation, show off your absurd sense of humor, and let him see the real you. Avoid putting on an act or trying to seem like what you think he wants. Cancers are very intuitive, and he'll likely be able to see through that.
Talk to him openly about all of your unique interests. If you like playing Taylor Swift songs on the guitar sometimes, share your favorite song to play and why.
It may feel a little weird to be your real self around a guy that you like, but that authenticity helps you stand out and seem more approachable.
6. **Cancers don't often shy away from their emotions.** Instead, they like to express themselves freely. To attract a Cancer man, be open about how you're feeling. When you talk to him about your day, dive deeper than just small talk. Be honest about your experiences and share what emotions are lying beneath the surface. He'll be drawn to how real you are.
When he asks you about your day, give him an honest account. Instead of just saying "Good," say something like, "It's been pretty good. This rainy weather has been a bit of a bummer lately but I'm pushing through! How are you?"
Give him space to talk about his feelings, too. Ask him how he's doing when you see him and stick around for a real conversation.
7. **Cancers like it when people have things together (at least somewhat).** Talk about the great things you've got going on in your life, like your flourishing career, your academic talents, or burgeoning business. Whatever you've got going on that's going well, don't play it down. Flaunt the things in your life that make you a stable force, as Cancers are looking for reliability and comfort.
Maybe you just got a promotion at work and would usually be hesitant to bring it up on a date. Don't worry about intimidating a Cancer man. Be proud of yourself, and tell him about it.
There's a lot of ways to measure stability. Perhaps you just redecorated your apartment and have made it the perfect cozy space. Text him before and after pictures to show off your knack for reorganizing.
8. **A Cancer man usually really values his close-knit community.** Show him that you share these values by talking about your own close connections in life. Talk about fun trips you have planned with your friends or funny experiences that happened at the last family reunion. Ask him about his friends and family, too. Expressing that you value meaningful bonds with the people around you will appeal to him.
Next time you're spending time together, share a funny anecdote about the hijinks you and your friends get into on the weekends.
After you've shared, ask him something like, "What kind of stuff do you and your friends like to do for fun?"
9. **Stay focused on your personal interests, hobbies, and dreams.** Cancers value independence and self-confidence, and they're usually looking for both in a partner. Show him how confident you are in yourself by continuing to follow your dreams, whether that be winning an essay contest at school, starting a band, or going on an adventurous hike. He'll be attracted to your self-assured nature and will want to learn more about all the cool things that you do.
Keeping your independence also gives the Cancer man space to have his own. Cancers usually need their alone time, so you'll seem like a perfect match if you do, too. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Cancer-Man-Chase-You", "language": "en"} |
How to Divide Coneflowers | Coneflowers (also known as echinacea) are bright, colorful perennial plants of the daisy family that typically bloom during the midsummer thanks to their tolerance to drought and heat. Similar in appearance to common daisies except for their grander blossoms, they make great gifts and garden additions. To keep them healthy and growing, they should be divided every 3 to 4 years. The entire process is comprised of preparation, uprooting, division, and planting.
1. **Divide your coneflowers in the spring or late fall.** Planting in the early spring is ideal because the plants have yet to bloom, while fall also works because the blossoms die down. Conducting division during these months is the least invasive and will minimize damage done to the plant.
Summer is not an ideal month for dividing coneflowers because they are in bloom. This means they are putting a lot of energy into flower production and less on roots, making them more vulnerable.
If you absolutely have to divide in the summer, do it on a cloudy day and cut back flower heads to promote root development. After division, keep your plants watered and screen them from the sun for 2 to 3 weeks using mesh netting or another kind of screen.
2. **Choose the planting location for your coneflower divisions.** If you're planting the flowers in your garden, determine the general location for each before uprooting them. Coneflowers are adaptable to many soil types, but they grow best in soil with a pH between 6.0 to 7.0.
If you're dividing your coneflowers from a pot into your garden, make sure the new holes are around twice the pot's diameter.
3. **Loosen your soil to provide room for the coneflower roots.** Prepare the soil in your yard for division. Use a garden fork or tiller to loosen the soil to 12 to 15 inches (30 to 38 cm) deep. Adding sand can also help loosen the soil.
4. **Layer your soil with organic plant matter to prepare it for planting.** Throw down a 2 to 4 inches (5.1 to 10.2 cm) layer of organic plant matter to ensure your plants get the proper nutrients. The plant matter should comprise about 25 percent of the soil's volume.
Compress a handful of soil into a ball and gently poke it. If it doesn't fall apart, it's too wet.
Adding another 20 to 25 percent of moisture retaining material like perlite, vermiculite, or peat helps if your soil is dry. If it's too wet, mix in 20 to 25 percent horticulture sand, which will improve drainage.
Mix in some bone meal to encourage new root growth.
5. **Dig a circle around the plant using a pointed shovel.** Follow the plant's drip line. This is the area defined by the outer circumference where water drips from the coneflower's leaves onto the ground.
Dig deep into the soil to loosen the roots and isolate the clump.
6. **Use the tip of your shovel to loosen the coneflower's roots.** Before uprooting, put the tip of your shovel into the trench and gently dislodge the flower's root system. Continue doing this around the circumference of the coneflower to loosen the roots and isolate the clump.
Water the soil 2 to 3 days before uprooting to make the process much easier.
7. **Force the coneflower clump from the ground using your shovel or garden fork.** Take your shovel or garden fork and force it under the rootball. Lever the ball up and down to continue loosening it. Afterwards, lift the shovel or garden fork up and remove the clump.
Be sure to keep the root system as intact as you can.
8. **Remove the soil remaining on the coneflower's roots.** Shake the coneflower clump off and use your hands or a garden hose to remove the soil that is caked onto the roots of the plant. Be gentle and try not to damage any of the roots.
If you find any soggy, slimy, or discolored roots, remove them from the rootball with your garden pruners.
9. **Gently pull apart the roots of your coneflower into separate sections with your hands.** Once the roots of the coneflower are exposed, look for the least dense spots. The coneflower has a spreading root system, which means pulling it apart with your hands is possible.
Take care not to disrupt the roots unnecessarily.
10. **Pry the roots apart using pitchforks for loose root systems that cannot be pulled apart by hand.** Take 2 pitchforks and insert them back to back in the rootball. Slowly draw the handles away from each other until it divides. Repeat this technique until you have the amount of pieces you desire.
11. **Use a sharp spade to divide the coneflower if it has a dense root system that can't be pulled apart by your hands or pitchforks.** Lay the rootball on its side and position the spade in the center of its crown (the combination of its aboveground parts like stems, leaves, and reproductive structures). Split the crown in half with a quick jab from the spade. Continue splitting until you get the amount of pieces you need.
Sharp spades are much more effective for cutting roots than flat spades.
Don't divide for the sake of dividing. Gaining 3 or 4 healthy plants is better than 5 or 6 dead ones. Optimal size is around a quarter the size of the original rootball, although you can make them smaller if you don't have enough space in your garden.
12. **Trim back the coneflower's root mass to give it room to grow.** After division, trim back about one-third of each of the divided plants' root mass. This will give the plant room to send out new, fresh roots. They will be stronger, more efficient, and better organized in their new location than the ones they're succeeding.
If you like, you can trim the top of the flower off to promote root growth. In many cases, the top will end up dying following division.
13. **Prepare a pot or container if you don't want to divide your coneflowers in your garden.** If you don't have space in your garden and your coneflowers are small enough, you can divide them into containers or pots. Make sure they are big enough to accommodate their original depth. Fill the pot or container with firm soil around the roots to minimize air pockets and water them well to prevent them from drying out.
Use deep, plastic or resin pots/containers that contain drainage holes. Make sure they are 2 to 3 gallons (7.6 to 11.4 L).
Line the bottom with 2 to 3 inches (5.1 to 7.6 cm) of crushed gravel for adequate drainage.
14. **Dig a new hole for your coneflower divisions if you're dividing them in your yard.** Use your shovel to create a hole around twice the width of the rootball. In terms of depth, it should be equal to the original plant's root size from the base to the crown.
To maximize your plant's survival, dig deeper by 6 to 12 inches (15 to 30 cm) and fill it back up with soil. Double digging loosens the soil below the rootball, promoting straight root growth.
Keep the rootball level with the soil surface.
15. **Plant the separate coneflower pieces into the ground immediately after division.** Place the coneflower into the hole and cover its root system with soil to conserve moisture. Continue to water the newly planted coneflower to help it establish its roots. Keep the soil moist for the next 2 weeks.
16. **Mulch your newly planted coneflowers to retain moisture.** Add mulch to your coneflowers up to the crown, but don't bury them. Mulched gardens have fewer weeds and are more drought-resistant than those that aren't. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Divide-Coneflowers", "language": "en"} |
How to Pray the Rosary in Spanish: A Complete Guide | In English, Spanish (en español), or any other language, the Rosary (el Rosario) is one of the most beautiful and most revered prayers in the Roman Catholic Church. It involves repeating a series of prayers and meditating on a series of sacred Mysteries (misterios), ideally while tracking your progress on a string of Rosary beads. We’ve provided a complete guide to the Rosary, including both English and Spanish texts, so you can benefit from reciting this powerful and beloved prayer.
1. **Hold the crucifix and make the Sign of the Cross.** If you have a string of Rosary beads to use as you pray the Rosary, hold it in your left hand with the crucifix between your fingers. To make the Sign of the Cross (la señal de la cruz), touch your hand to your forehead, sternum, left shoulder, and right shoulder. While doing so, say the following:
English: In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.
En español: En el nombre del Padre, y del Hijo, y del Espíritu Santo. Amén.
2. **Pray the Apostle's Creed (el credo de los Apóstoles).** Keep holding the crucifix between your fingers, bow your head slightly, and say the following:
English: I believe in God, the Father almighty, Creator of Heaven and earth. And in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord, Who was conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate; was crucified, died, and was buried; He descended into Hell; on the third day He rose again from the dead; He ascended into Heaven, and is seated at the right hand of God, the Father almighty; He shall come again to judge the living and the dead. I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic Church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and life everlasting. Amen.
En español: Creo en Dios, Padre todopoderoso, Creador del cielo y de la tierra. Creo en Jesucristo, su único Hijo, nuestro Señor, que fue concebido por obra del Espíritu Santo, nació de Santa María Virgen, padeció bajo el poder de Poncio Pilato, fue crucificado, muerto y sepultado. El tercer día resucitó de entre los muertos. Subió a los cielos y está sentado a la derecha de Dios, Padre todopoderoso. Él vendrá a juzgar a los vivos y a los muertos. Creo en el Espíritu Santo, la santa Iglesia católica, la comunión de los santos, el perdón de los pecados, la resurrección de los muertos y la vida eterna. Amén.
3. **Move up to the first Rosary bead and pray the Our Father.** Slide your fingers up from the crucifix to the first large bead on the string, then recite the Our Father (Padre nuestro)—also called the Lord’s Prayer (orador del Señor)—as follows:
English: Our Father, Who art in Heaven, hallowed be Thy Name. Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done on earth as it is in Heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen.
En español: Padre nuestro, que estás en los cielos, santificado sea tu nombre. Venga tu reino, hágase tu voluntad en la tierra como en el cielo. Danos hoy nuestro pan de cada día, y perdona nuestras ofensas, como también nosotros perdonamos a los que nos ofenden. Y no nos metas en tentación, mas líbranos del mal. Amén.
4. **Pray a Hail Mary on each of the next three beads.** Slide your fingers from one bead to the next with each recitation of the prayer. Pray with the intention of an increase in faith, hope, and love, respectively, as you recite the Hail Mary (Ave María) three times.
English: Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee; blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death. Amen.
En español: Dios te salve María, llena eres de gracia, el Señor es contigo, bendita tú entre las mujeres, y bendito el fruto de tu vientre, Jesús. Santa María, Madre de Dios, ruega por nosotros pecadores, ahora y en la hora de nuestra muerte. Amén.
5. **Recite the Glory Be (Gloria) before the next large bead.** Pinch the string between the previous three smaller beads and the next larger bead. Alternatively, it’s okay to slide your fingers up to the next large bead and keep it there until you complete the Our Father during the First Decade.
English: Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit. As it was in the beginning is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen.
En español: Gloria al Padre, y al Hijo, y al Espíritu Santo. Como era en el principio, ahora y siempre, por los siglos de los siglos. Amén.
6. **Announce the First Mystery based on the day of the week.** There are four sets of Mysteries—key events from the lives of Jesus and Mary—that are associated with days of the week: Joyful Mysteries (Monday and Saturday); Sorrowful Mysteries (Tuesday and Friday); Glorious Mysteries (Wednesday and Sunday); and Luminous Mysteries (Thursday). Each Mystery has five events associated with it, one for each Decade of the Rosary. Announce the First Mystery for the relevant day, either aloud or silently to yourself.
“The First Joyful Mystery: The Annunciation of Gabriel to Mary.” (Luke 1:26-38)
“El primer Misterio Gozoso: La Anunciación de Gabriel a María”. (Lucas 1:26-38)
“The First Sorrowful Mystery: The Agony of Our Lord in the Garden.” (Matthew 26:36-56)
“El Primer Misterio Doloroso: La Agonía de Nuestro Señor en el Huerto”. (Mateo 26:36-56)
“The First Glorious Mystery: The Glorious Resurrection of Our Lord.” (John 20:1-29)
“El Primer Misterio Glorioso: La Gloriosa Resurrección de Nuestro Señor”. (Juan 20:1-29)
“The First Luminous Mystery: The Baptism of Our Lord in the River Jordan.” (Matthew 3:13-16)
“El Primer Misterio Luminoso: El Bautismo de Nuestro Señor en el Río Jordán”. (Mateo 3:13-16)
7. **Pray the Our Father on the large bead before the pendant.** Slide your fingers up to this large bead if you’ve had them on the string between the beads, or just remain on the large bead if you were already there.
English: Our Father, Who art in Heaven, hallowed be Thy Name. Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done on earth as it is in Heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen.
En español: Padre nuestro, que estás en los cielos, santificado sea tu nombre. Venga tu reino, hágase tu voluntad en la tierra como en el cielo. Danos hoy nuestro pan de cada día, y perdona nuestras ofensas, como también nosotros perdonamos a los que nos ofenden. Y no nos metas en tentación, mas líbranos del mal. Amén.
8. **Pray ten Hail Marys on the ten beads beyond the pendant.** Slide your fingers past the pendant and to the first bead above and to the right of it. Say a Hail Mary, slide to the next small bead, repeat, and keep going.
English: Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee; blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death. Amen.
En español: Dios te salve María, llena eres de gracia, el Señor es contigo, bendita tú entre las mujeres, y bendito el fruto de tu vientre, Jesús. Santa María, Madre de Dios, ruega por nosotros pecadores, ahora y en la hora de nuestra muerte. Amén.
9. **Pray a Glory Be and a Fátima Prayer before the next bead.** Slide your fingers onto the gap between the beads, then say the Glory Be. The Fátima Prayer (oración de Fátima) is optional but typically said right after the Glory Be.
English: Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit. As it was in the beginning is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen.
En español: Gloria al Padre, y al Hijo, y al Espíritu Santo. Como era en el principio, ahora y siempre, por los siglos de los siglos. Amén.
English: O my Jesus, forgive us our sins, save us from the fires of Hell; lead all souls to Heaven, especially those in most need of Thy mercy. Amen.
En español: Oh Jesús mío, perdona nuestros pecados, líbranos del fuego del Infierno, lleva todas las almas al cielo, especialmente a las más necesitadas de tu misericordia. Amén.
10. **Announce the Second Mystery.** Keep your fingers on the gap between the beads. If you announced the First Joyful Mystery during the First Decade, for example, annonce the Second Joyful Mystery this time.
“The Second Joyful Mystery: The Visitation of Mary to Elizabeth.” (Luke 1:39-56)
“El Segundo Misterio Gozoso: La Visitación de María a Isabel”. (Lucas 1:39-56)
“The Second Sorrowful Mystery: Our Lord is Scourged at the Pillar.” (Matthew 27:26)
“El Segundo Misterio Doloroso: Nuestro Señor es Flagelado en el Pilar”. (Mateo 27:26)
“The Second Glorious Mystery: The Ascension of Our Lord.” (Luke 24:36-53)
“El Segundo Misterio Glorioso: La Ascensión de Nuestro Señor”. (Lucas 24:36-53)
“The Second Luminous Mystery: The Wedding at Cana, when Christ manifested Himself.” (Jn 2:1-11)
“El Segundo Misterio Luminoso: Las Bodas de Caná, cuando Cristo se manifestó”. (Juan 2:1-11)
11. **Repeat the series of prayers from the First Decade.** Slide your fingers onto the large bead and pray the Our Father. Then, go to each of the ten following beads and pray 10 Hail Marys. Slide to the gap between the beads and pray the Glory Be and the (optional but common) Fátima Prayer.
English: Our Father, Who art in Heaven, hallowed be Thy Name. Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done on earth as it is in Heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen.
En español: Padre nuestro, que estás en los cielos, santificado sea tu nombre. Venga tu reino, hágase tu voluntad en la tierra como en el cielo. Danos hoy nuestro pan de cada día, y perdona nuestras ofensas, como también nosotros perdonamos a los que nos ofenden. Y no nos metas en tentación, mas líbranos del mal. Amén.
English: Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee; blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death. Amen.
En español: Dios te salve María, llena eres de gracia, el Señor es contigo, bendita tú entre las mujeres, y bendito el fruto de tu vientre, Jesús. Santa María, Madre de Dios, ruega por nosotros pecadores, ahora y en la hora de nuestra muerte. Amén.
English: Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit. As it was in the beginning is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen.
En español: Gloria al Padre, y al Hijo, y al Espíritu Santo. Como era en el principio, ahora y siempre, por los siglos de los siglos. Amén.
English: O my Jesus, forgive us our sins, save us from the fires of Hell; lead all souls to Heaven, especially those in most need of Thy mercy. Amen.
En español: Oh Jesús mío, perdona nuestros pecados, líbranos del fuego del Infierno, lleva todas las almas al cielo, especialmente a las más necesitadas de tu misericordia. Amén.
12. **Announce the Third Mystery.** Before sliding your fingers to the next bead, say or meditate upon one of the following:
“The Third Joyful Mystery: The Birth (Nativity) of Our Lord.” (Luke 2:1-21)
“El Tercer Misterio Gozoso: El Nacimiento (Natividad) de Nuestro Señor.” (Lucas 2:1-21)
“The Third Sorrowful Mystery: Our Lord is Crowned with Thorns.” (Matthew 27:27-31)
“El Tercer Misterio Doloroso: Nuestro Señor es Coronado de Espinas”. (Mateo 27:27-31)
“The Third Glorious Mystery: The Descent of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost.” (Acts 2:1-41)
“El Tercer Misterio Glorioso: La venida del Espíritu Santo en Pentecostés”. (Hechos 2:1-41)
“The Third Luminous Mystery: The Proclamation of the Kingdom of God.” (Mark 1:14-15)
“El Tercer Misterio Luminoso: La Proclamación del Reino de Dios”. (Marcos 1:14-15)
13. **Pray the Our Father, Hail Marys, Glory Be, and Fátima Prayer.** If you’ve sensed a pattern here, you’re right! It’s one Our Father on the large bead, ten Hail Marys on the small beads, and a Glory Be and the optional Fátima Prayer on the space before the next large bead.
English: Our Father, Who art in Heaven, hallowed be Thy Name. Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done on earth as it is in Heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen.
En español: Padre nuestro, que estás en los cielos, santificado sea tu nombre. Venga tu reino, hágase tu voluntad en la tierra como en el cielo. Danos hoy nuestro pan de cada día, y perdona nuestras ofensas, como también nosotros perdonamos a los que nos ofenden. Y no nos metas en tentación, mas líbranos del mal. Amén.
English: Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee; blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death. Amen.
En español: Dios te salve María, llena eres de gracia, el Señor es contigo, bendita tú entre las mujeres, y bendito el fruto de tu vientre, Jesús. Santa María, Madre de Dios, ruega por nosotros pecadores, ahora y en la hora de nuestra muerte. Amén.
English: Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit. As it was in the beginning is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen.
En español: Gloria al Padre, y al Hijo, y al Espíritu Santo. Como era en el principio, ahora y siempre, por los siglos de los siglos. Amén.
English: O my Jesus, forgive us our sins, save us from the fires of Hell; lead all souls to Heaven, especially those in most need of Thy mercy. Amen.
En español: Oh Jesús mío, perdona nuestros pecados, líbranos del fuego del Infierno, lleva todas las almas al cielo, especialmente a las más necesitadas de tu misericordia. Amén.
14. **Announce the Fourth Mystery.** Remember that it’s Joyful Mysteries on Mondays and Saturdays, Sorrowful Mysteries on Tuesdays and Sundays, Glorious Mysteries on Wednesdays and Sundays, and Luminous Mysteries on Thursdays.
“The Fourth Joyful Mystery: The Presentation of Our Lord.” (Luke 2:22-38)
“El Cuarto Misterio Gozoso: La Presentación de Nuestro Señor”. (Lucas 2:22-38)
“The Fourth Sorrowful Mystery: Our Lord Carries the Cross to Calvary.” (Matthew 27:32)
“El Cuarto Misterio Doloroso: Nuestro Señor Lleva la Cruz al Calvario”. (Mateo 27:32)
“The Fourth Glorious Mystery: The Assumption of Mary into Heaven.”
“El Cuarto Misterio Glorioso: La Asunción de María al Cielo”.
“The Fourth Luminous Mystery: The Transfiguration of Our Lord.” (Matthew 17:1-8)
“El Cuarto Misterio Luminoso: La Transfiguración de Nuestro Señor”. (Mateo 17:1-8)
15. **Repeat the series of prayers from the previous decades.** Remember—it’s the Our Father, ten Hail Marys, the Glory Be, and the optional Fátima Prayer.
English: Our Father, Who art in Heaven, hallowed be Thy Name. Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done on earth as it is in Heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen.
En español: Padre nuestro, que estás en los cielos, santificado sea tu nombre. Venga tu reino, hágase tu voluntad en la tierra como en el cielo. Danos hoy nuestro pan de cada día, y perdona nuestras ofensas, como también nosotros perdonamos a los que nos ofenden. Y no nos metas en tentación, mas líbranos del mal. Amén.
English: Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee; blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death. Amen.
En español: Dios te salve María, llena eres de gracia, el Señor es contigo, bendita tú entre las mujeres, y bendito el fruto de tu vientre, Jesús. Santa María, Madre de Dios, ruega por nosotros pecadores, ahora y en la hora de nuestra muerte. Amén.
English: Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit. As it was in the beginning is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen.
En español: Gloria al Padre, y al Hijo, y al Espíritu Santo. Como era en el principio, ahora y siempre, por los siglos de los siglos. Amén.
English: O my Jesus, forgive us our sins, save us from the fires of Hell; lead all souls to Heaven, especially those in most need of Thy mercy. Amen.
En español: Oh Jesús mío, perdona nuestros pecados, líbranos del fuego del Infierno, lleva todas las almas al cielo, especialmente a las más necesitadas de tu misericordia. Amén.
16. **Announce the Fifth Mystery.** This is the beginning of the final Decade of the Rosary.
“The Fifth Joyful Mystery: The Finding of Our Lord in the Temple.” (Luke 2:41-52)
“El Quinto Misterio Gozoso: El Hallazgo de Nuestro Señor en el Templo”. (Lucas 2:41-52)
“The Fifth Sorrowful Mystery: The Crucifixion of Our Lord.” (Matthew 27:33-56)
“El Quinto Misterio Doloroso: La Crucifixión de Nuestro Señor”. (Mateo 27:33-56)
“The Fifth Glorious Mystery: The Coronation of Mary as Queen of Heaven and Earth.”
“El Quinto Misterio Glorioso: La Coronación de María como Reina del Cielo y de la Tierra”.
“The Fifth Luminous Mystery: The Last Supper, or the Institution of the Holy Eucharist.” (Matthew 26)
“El Quinto Misterio Luminoso: La Última Cena, o la Institución de la Sagrada Eucaristía”. (Mateo 26)
17. **Recite a Our Father, ten Hail Marys, a Glory Be, and a Fátima Prayer.** There’s only one small difference here compared to the other decades—touch your fingers to the pendant as you recite the Glory Be and the optional Fátima Prayer.
English: Our Father, Who art in Heaven, hallowed be Thy Name. Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done on earth as it is in Heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen.
En español: Padre nuestro, que estás en los cielos, santificado sea tu nombre. Venga tu reino, hágase tu voluntad en la tierra como en el cielo. Danos hoy nuestro pan de cada día, y perdona nuestras ofensas, como también nosotros perdonamos a los que nos ofenden. Y no nos metas en tentación, mas líbranos del mal. Amén.
English: Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee; blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death. Amen.
En español: Dios te salve María, llena eres de gracia, el Señor es contigo, bendita tú entre las mujeres, y bendito el fruto de tu vientre, Jesús. Santa María, Madre de Dios, ruega por nosotros pecadores, ahora y en la hora de nuestra muerte. Amén.
English: Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit. As it was in the beginning is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen.
En español: Gloria al Padre, y al Hijo, y al Espíritu Santo. Como era en el principio, ahora y siempre, por los siglos de los siglos. Amén.
English: O my Jesus, forgive us our sins, save us from the fires of Hell; lead all souls to Heaven, especially those in most need of Thy mercy. Amen.
En español: Oh Jesús mío, perdona nuestros pecados, líbranos del fuego del Infierno, lleva todas las almas al cielo, especialmente a las más necesitadas de tu misericordia. Amén.
18. **Pray a Hail Holy Queen while still holding the pendant.** Keep your fingers on the pendant for the entire conclusion to the Rosary. Recite one Hail Holy Queen (Salve Santa Reina) as follows:
English: Hail Holy Queen, mother of mercy; hail our life, our sweetness, and our hope. To thee do we cry, poor banished children of Eve. To thee do we send up our sighs, mourning and weeping in this vale of tears. Turn, then, most gracious advocate, thine eyes of mercy toward us. And after this, our exile, show unto us the blessed Fruit of thy womb, Jesus. O clement, O loving, O sweet Virgin Mary. Pray for us, O Holy Mother of God, that we may be made worthy of the promises of Christ. Amen.
En español: Dios te salve, Reina y Madre de misericordia, vida, dulzura y esperanza nuestra; Dios te salve. A Ti llamamos los desterrados hijos de Eva; a Ti suspiramos, gimiendo y llorando, en este valle de lágrimas. Es, pues, Señora, abogada nuestra, vuelve a nosotros esos tus ojos misericordiosos; y después de este destierro muéstranos a Jesús, fruto bendito de tu vientre. ¡Oh clementísima, oh piadosa, oh dulce Virgen María!. Ruega por nosotros, Santa Madre de Dios, para que seamos dignos de alcanzar las promesas de Nuestro Señor Jesucristo. Amén.
19. **Recite the optional Final Rosary Prayer.** While technically optional, the Final Rosary Prayer (rezo final del Rosario) is a very common part of the conclusion. Say the following:
English: O God, whose only-begotten Son by His Life, Death and Resurrection, has purchased for us the rewards of eternal life; grant, we beseech Thee, that by meditating upon these Mysteries of the Most Holy Rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary, we may imitate what they contain, and obtain what they promise, through the same Christ our Lord. Amen.
En español: Oh Dios, cuyo Unigénito Hijo con su vida, muerte y resurrección, ha comprado para nosotros la recompensa de la vida eterna, concédenos, te rogamos, que, al meditar los Misterios del Más Santo Rosario de la Bienaventurada Virgen María, imitemos lo que contienen y obtengamos lo que promete, por el mismo Cristo nuestro Señor. Amén.
20. **Pray the optional Memorare (Acordaos), if desired.** This is a less-used finishing touch that you can recite instead of or in combination with the Final Rosary Prayer.
English: Remember, O Most Gracious Virgin Mary, that never was it known that anyone who fled to thy protection, implored thy help, or sought thy intercession, was left unaided. Inspired by this confidence, we fly unto thee, O Virgin of Virgins, Our Mother. To thee we come, before thee we stand, sinful and sorrowful. O Mother of the Word Incarnate, despise not our petitions, but in thy mercy, hear and answer them. Amen.
En español: Acuérdate, oh Misericordiosa Virgen María, que jamás se ha oído decir que ninguno que haya acudido a tu protección, implorado tu ayuda, o procurando tu intercesión, haya sido desamparado. Animado por esta confianza, volamos a ti, Virgen de las vírgenes, Madre nuestra. A ti venimos, delante de ti me postro, pecaminoso y doloroso. Oh, Madre del Verbo Encarnado, no desprecies nuestras súplicas, antes bien, en tu misericordia, escucha y responde a ellas. Amén.
21. **Pray the optional Litany of Loreto if you so choose.** The Litany of Loreto (Letanía de Loreto) is a rather lengthy list of prayers in call-and-response format that you can recite along with or instead of the Final Rosary Prayer and/or the Memorare.
English: Click here.
En español: Click here.
22. **Add prayers for the Pope or deceased loved ones if you wish.** You might, for example, keep holding the pendant and add one Our Father, one Hail Mary, and one Glory Be as prayers for physical and spiritual blessings for the Pope (Papa). You can add another set of the same prayers for the intentions of the dead, such as for deceased loved ones or souls in Purgatory (Purgatorio).
23. **End with the Sign of the Cross.** Finish the Rosary in the same way you started it. Touch your forehead, sternum, left shoulder, and right shoulder while saying the following:
English: In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.
En español: En el nombre del Padre, y del Hijo, y del Espíritu Santo. Amén. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Pray-the-Rosary-in-Spanish", "language": "en"} |
How to Keep Ticks Away | If you want to stay far away from those pesky ticks that inhabit your property, you’re definitely not alone. Ticks are small insects that survive by attaching to animals and consuming their blood. Luckily, there are many actions you can take to keep ticks away from you and your yard. Keep ticks off of your body by wearing full-coverage clothing and spraying your body with a repellent before heading outside. Keep ticks away from your property by landscaping well and by growing tick-repelling plants.
1. **Wear full-coverage clothing.** When you plan on walking through the woods or spending time in the yard, wear long pants, long socks, long sleeves, and boots. This creates a barrier between ticks and your skin, which reduces the likelihood of them attaching to your skin.
You can still do this in the summertime when it’s warm outside; just wear breathable fabrics such as cotton and linen mixes.
2. **Buy a repellant spray.** Purchase a repellent spray such as Sawyer Brand’s Fisherman’s Formula or OFF! Deep Woods. Spray the product all over your body just before going outside in order to effectively repel ticks.
3. **Make an essential oil repellant spray.** Pour 1 cup (236.5 mL) of vinegar into a spray bottle. Add in 10-15 drops of a tick-repelling essential oil, such as cedar, geranium, or lavender, and shake the bottle. Spray the mixture all over your exposed skin and clothing before spending time outside.
As an alternative, put a few drops of a tick-repelling essential oil, such as eucalyptus, onto a lint roller and take it outside with you. Every hour or so, roll the lint roller along the outside of your clothing to capture and immobilize any ticks that are crawling on you.
4. **Check your body and clothing after spending time outside.** After you’ve been outside, thoroughly check your body for ticks. If you find any on your clothing, wash your clothes in hot water and dry them on high heat to kill any ticks. Pay especially close attention to your underarms, ears, hair, belly button, and the back of your knees, as ticks often latch onto these parts of the body.
5. **Bathe immediately after spending time outside.** Always bathe within 2 hours of coming inside to wash off any ticks that aren’t attached to you. This will also reduce your risk of getting Lyme disease.
6. **Mow your lawn regularly.** Ticks gravitate towards shady spots and areas with tall grass. Cut your grass at least every 2 or 3 weeks during the summertime so that ticks aren’t drawn to your lawn.
7. **Keep your firewood neatly stacked and in the sunlight.** Ticks can often be found in sloppy woodpiles that are shaded. To prevent ticks from coming onto your property and getting into your firewood, stack and organize the wood nicely and neatly. Also make sure the wood is located in the sunniest area possible, as ticks prefer damp, dark areas over dry, bright areas.
8. **Sprinkle diatomaceous earth on your lawn.** Diatomaceous earth is a natural product that contains fossilized remains of diatoms, which are tiny, aquatic organisms. Diatomaceous earth will dry out ticks and other bugs. Sprinkle some in your yard to kill off the ticks near your home.
Diatomaceous earth must be reapplied after it rains to remain effective.
Do not sprinkle diatomaceous earth on a windy day, as this can kill bees and other pollinators in your area.
9. **Plant tick-repelling plants.** If you have a garden or a small planter area, try planting a few different types of plants, such as garlic or mint, that tend to repel ticks. Some other plants that may help keep them away include:
Rosemary
Sage
Fleabane
Lemongrass
Lavender
10. **Plant deer-repelling plants.** Often, ticks get into people’s yards while attached to deer. Plant types of plants that deer don’t like to keep both ticks and deer away. Consider planting:
Thyme
Ferns
Catmint
Aster
11. **Create a gravel or wood chip barrier.** Ticks often avoid crossing surfaces made up of wood chips or gravel. To keep them away, create a barrier made of one of these between your lawn and any bordering wooded areas near your property or home.
12. **Spray your plants with organic pesticides.** Make a natural pesticide spray at home and spray it all over the plants in your yard that don’t naturally repel ticks.
Mince 4 cloves of garlic and combine them with a tablespoon of mineral oil (14.8 mL).
Strain out the garlic and combine the remaining liquid with 1 teaspoon (4.9 mL) of dish soap and 2 cups (480 mL) of water.
When you’re ready to spray your plants, fill a spray bottle with 2 cups (273 mL) of water and 2 tablespoons (29.6 mL) of the mixture.
13. **Hire a pest control company.** If you live somewhere where ticks are really prevalent and/or you just want someone else to handle the issue, call a pest control company. They can spray your yard, around the outside of your home, and even the trees on your property in order to help keep the tick population in check.
14. **Raise some poultry.** Free-ranging guineas, chickens, and ducks will eat any and all ticks in their living space. If you can raise some of these animals in your yard, they’ll be able to help keep the tick population down around your home. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Keep-Ticks-Away", "language": "en"} |
How to Register a Historical Landmark | Beyond the satisfaction of preserving something of local, state, or national historical significance, registering a historical landmark comes with benefits for the owner of the property, including tax breaks and building code exemptions. Depending on the scale of a location's significance, you can pursue registration at the local, state, or national level. Typically national landmarks are first recognized by the state, however, and local registration may not be necessary if you are granted state or national designation.
1. **Contact your local landmark preservation commission.** Larger cities, counties, or metropolitan areas typically have their own commission to designate landmarks of local historical significance.
Since the procedure for registering a local landmark varies greatly depending on the historical landmark registration laws in the state and the rules established by local governments, it's best to contact the commission directly to find out the specifics.
In some states, local designation is more of an honorary thing that doesn't come with many of the benefits available to locations registered as state or national historical landmarks.
Most local commissions, particularly in larger cities and metropolitan areas, have their own website. You also can find information about your local commission by checking with your state historical society.
Each city has its own criteria regarding which properties may be designated local historical landmarks. Typically they must be at least 30 years old and have a particular historical value or interest to the city, or be associated with individuals who have historical value to the city and its development.
2. **Nominate your landmark.** The local commission typically will have an application form that you must fill out to nominate your location for designation as a historical landmark. If you are not the owner of the property, you typically also must have permission from the owner.
In smaller locations, particularly where local designation is the only honorary, there may not be a formal application. In those cases, you can send a letter or make a nomination in person at a city council meeting.
Cities with formal applications typically require information such as the location of the property, the name and contact information of the owner, and the reason you're nominating the location as a historical landmark.
Some cities may charge a fee to file an application. The fees typically vary in relation to the size of the property and specific structure you are applying to have designated as a historical landmark.
The fee typically will be a few hundred dollars but may be more if you are not the owner of the property.
3. **Attend the public hearing.** Typically the formal review process begins with a public hearing at which anyone can testify regarding the location and whether it should be designated a historical landmark.
The commission may review the application to confirm the location meets the city's criteria before approving it for a formal review process. Agency staff may visit the location and take photos or collect other evidence of the condition of the property and its historic significance.
You will be notified if there will be a public hearing on your application. The notice will include the date, time, and location of the hearing.
At the hearing, any member of the public can comment on the application. You may want to have family or friends attend who can testify as to the historical significance of the site you want to register as a local historical landmark.
4. **Receive a copy of the commission's report.** After the public hearing and additional evaluation of the location, the local commission typically will release a report with its recommendation on whether to designate the location a historical landmark.
In some cities, this is the end of the process. After a public hearing, the commission makes a decision on whether to designate the location of a historical landmark, and that decision is final.
In other cities, this is only the beginning of the process. If the city's historic commission recommends a property for landmark status, that recommendation is forwarded to other bodies such as the city council to vote on a final resolution.
5. **Follow the voting process.** Different cities and counties vary widely in terms of what happens after the commission has decided whether a location should be designated as a historical landmark. Some require additional rounds of voting by the city council, or approval by the mayor.
For example, to have a property designated as a historical landmark in New York City, the commission must complete a formal review and vote to approve the designation at the public hearing.
After the commission vote, the City Council has 120 days to modify or disapprove the commission's designation – however, City Council approval is not required. If the City Council doesn't act within 120 days, the designation becomes final.
New York City also gives the Mayor the ability to veto a City Council vote within five days of the Council's decision. The Council then has 10 days to override the Mayor's vote with a two-thirds majority.
After designation as a historical landmark, you typically will have to fill out additional forms if your city provides tax credits or other benefits to historical landmarks. These applications may come with additional fees.
6. **Review your state's criteria.** Each state has its own standards for whether a property qualifies for registration as a historical landmark. You typically can find your state's criteria either by going to the state's historical preservation website or by visiting the office in person.
Generally, the property must have architectural or historical significance, or be associated with an individual who is of historical significance – such as the only private residence designed by a famous architect, or the birthplace of a state resident who became President of the United States.
In most states the property must be at least 30 or 40 years old. However, other states such as California have no age requirement.
California's designation requirements focus more on the unique quality of a property or style of architecture, and the place's impact on major events of historical significance.
Some states such as Kansas have an additional stage of the application process, which requires you to first file a form with preliminary site information and receive an eligibility letter before you can proceed with your application for registration.
7. **Complete the application.** The application form requires you to identify the property you want to register as a historical landmark and the owner of that property. You also must include information as to why that property qualifies as a historical landmark.
In some states, the state application requires basically the same information as a national application would require. Other states develop their own application to reflect more state-specific requirements.
Some states require additional documents. Typically you can download a packet of information that will detail what must be included in the application.
Most states require permission from the owner if you are not the owner of the property. In some cases, you also must file a notarized affidavit from the owner expressing his or her approval of the application.
In some states, you may be required to have a nomination sponsor or hired consultant to complete the application and certify the research on which the claims of historical significance are based.
8. **Submit your application to the appropriate state agency.** Once you've completed the application and any other required documents, make a copy of them for your records and submit them to the state historical society or historic preservation commission.
Typically you'll need to submit the form to the same agency from which you received the application forms. There should be an address on the form itself or included within the form's instructions.
After you submit your application, it may be evaluated by staff at the agency. You may be contacted with notes or revisions to your application, or questions regarding particular claims.
If more information or documentation is required, the state agency will let you know.
9. **Attend the designation meeting.** After your application is received, your state's historical society may have an initial review followed by a public or semi-public meeting to discuss the designation of the property as a historical landmark.
Typically you will receive a notice letting you know of the date, time, and location of the designation hearing.
You and others can attend the meeting to testify as to the property's historical significance.
Individuals opposed to the designation also may be able to attend the meeting and say their piece about why the property should not be designated as a landmark to be preserved.
10. **Follow through with registration.** Each state has its own process for approving the designation of historical landmarks. As the applicant or owner of the property, you typically must attend additional meetings or fill out additional forms once the application is approved to complete your registration.
For example, applications in Kansas are reviewed and ultimately approved by votes of the Kansas Sites Historic Sites Board of Review. Recommendations are presented to the Board by historic society staff or qualified professional consultants.
In California, the historic commission votes on applications after the public hearing. Approved applications are forwarded to the Director of California State Parks for final approval.
Once you receive notice that the application has been approved, you may have to complete additional forms to have a plaque installed or to receive tax benefits.
11. **Contact your State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO).** Registration of a national historical landmark begins by working with your state's preservation office to get the research materials, forms, and other information necessary to complete the process.
You can get the forms in person by stopping by the SHPO office. Most states and territories also have a website where application forms, other documents, and instructions are available.
Staff at your SHPO also are available to answer questions and assist you in filling out the forms you must complete to nominate a property for registration as a historical landmark.
If the property is located on federal or tribal land, you must work with the nearest Federal Preservation or Tribal Preservation Office.
12. **Evaluate the National Register criteria.** Properties generally must be of the required age and integrity and have national historical significance. In most cases, the property must have had historical significance for at least 50 years.
The property must be old enough to be considered historic, generally at least 50 years old, and it must look substantially the same way it looked when the historic events that give it significance occurred.
Properties that achieved historic significance within the past 50 years may be eligible for designation if they are considered to be of exceptional importance.
The property must be associated with people, activities, events, developments, or achievements that were important in the past.
Historical significance includes architectural, engineering, or landscaping achievements, such as if a house was designed by a famous architect or the building was the first to incorporate a major structural development.
Birthplaces of major historical figures typically have more significance if there is no other property associated with the person's productive life.
13. **Complete the nomination forms.** The registration form for the National Register requires you to provide significant information about the property you want registered as a historical landmark and make a case for that property's historical significance.
You must establish and present reasons for the property's historical significance. You may want to attach photos or documents to support your claims, such as newspaper clippings from the time of the historical event associated with the property.
Examples of completed nomination forms for approved applications are available on the National Park Service's website. You also may be able to see completed forms at your SHPO.
Completed forms can give you a good example of what the National Park Service is looking for and the information necessary to get an application approved.
National Register Bulletins also contain information and instructions for nominating a property for designation as a national historical landmark.
14. **Submit your forms.** To register a national historic landmark, you must first submit your forms to your state historic preservation office. The state office will review the application and send the proposed nomination to the state's National Register Review Board.
After your forms are submitted, the SHPO will notify property owners and local governments and ask for public comment on the nomination.
Although anybody can nominate a property for designation as a historical landmark, the nomination won't proceed unless the property owner agrees to it.
The SHPO and your state's National Register Review Board will review your application materials and determine whether to recommend designation. This process takes a minimum of 90 days.
15. **Receive notification of registration.** After a review of your application is complete, the nomination will be sent to the Keeper of the National Record of Historic Places along with certifying recommendations for a final listing decision.
The National Park Service will make a decision on whether to list the property in the National Register of Historic Places within 45 days after the complete nomination is received.
If your property is listed on the National Register, this doesn't restrict your ownership rights in any way. You still have the right to use, transfer, or dispose of the property however you see fit.
However, there may be restrictions if the property is subject to local zoning restrictions or state designation. Many cities have their own ordinances related to the preservation of historic properties. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Register-a-Historical-Landmark", "language": "en"} |
How to Clean White Leather | Cleaning leather can be tricky and white leather perhaps trickiest of all. With these tips for using liquid and non-liquid cleaners, though, you'll be able to keep you all your leather goods ---- from sofas to Elvis jumpsuits ---- in mint condition.
1. **Make your own liquid cleaner.** Not only is it easy and cost-effective to make your own liquid cleaner, but it can be safer for your leather. Many synthetic cleaning products, especially ones that are petroleum-based, can actually discolor, stain, or change the surface quality of your leather. Here are some easy recipes for making your own liquid cleaner out of common household products:
Mix 1 part mild soap (the kind you would use on your face or clothes) with 8 parts warm water.
Mix 2 parts vinegar with 1 part linseed oil.
2. **Apply your cleaner.** It's important not to use too much liquid directly on the leather, as this can over-saturate the leather and cause “watermark” staining. Instead, try using a spray bottle or applying your cleaner to a micro-fiber cloth rather than onto the leather.
3. **Use gentle wiping motions or very gentle circular motions to remove grime and dirt.** Be careful not to rub to aggressively, as this can embed the dirt into the leather rather than remove it.
4. **Don't rinse, but do repeat.** It's not really necessary to rinse off your homemade cleaner, instead you can gently buff it into an even shine. If your item is still dirty, wait a little while and try applying some more cleaner.
5. **Use an "eraser" cleaning sponge.** These are safe to use on leather items and can help you avoid some of the drawbacks associated with liquid cleaners leaving watermarks. Eraser sponges are also particularly effective if you need to remove scuffs or pen ink.
6. **Try saddle soap.** Saddle soap is a special type of soap that both cleans, conditions, and protects leather. Trifecta! Saddle soap comes in a solid wax (or liquid) form and can work well to remove stains if you follow the manufacturers instructions. But be cautious and test it in an inconspicuous place first, since it can remove leather dye along with your stain.
7. **Try talc powder or cornstarch.** If you're dealing with an oil or grease stain, these absorbent powders can work wonders to draw out the stain. Follow these steps for the best results:
After blotting the stain, sprinkle the powder onto the surface.
Allow it to sit for awhile.
Gently brush the excess powder away
Repeat until all the oil is absorbed
8. **Make your own cleaning paste.** You can also make a homemade cleaning paste out of 1 part lemon juice and 1 part cream of tartar. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Clean-White-Leather", "language": "en"} |
How to Apply Reflexology to the Hands | Reflexologists believe that there’s a "map" of the human body on our hands. Every part of the body, including your organs, is matched by a corresponding reflex point on your hands. Applying pressure to the reflex points on your hands stimulates nerve impulses that travel to the corresponding body area. These impulses produce a relaxation response. As muscles relax, blood vessels open, increasing circulation, which increases the amount of available oxygen and nutrients that get to cells in that part of the body. Although the scientific evidence for reflexology is very limited, some people have found relief with these techniques. Before trying to perform reflexology, you should learn some of the common techniques and corresponding zones to different parts of the body.
1. **Look at a hand reflexology chart.** Though this Part will describe some of the points on the hands that reflexologists associate with different parts of the body, some of the points can be easier to visualize with an actual hand reflexology chart.
2. **Apply to the tops of the fingers for the head, brain, and sinuses.** From the tip of each finger—including your thumb—to the first joint represents the head, brain, and sinuses.
The center of the pads of your thumbs specifically represent the pituitary, pineal, and hypothalamus glands located in the center of the brain, which can make them beneficial for insomnia and other sleep issues.
3. **Apply between the first and second knuckles for your neck.** The section of all four fingers and your thumb between your first and second knuckles corresponds to your neck. Additionally, the zone for your throat is at the base of your thumbs, aligned with the webbing of your thumb.
4. **Apply between the second and third knuckles of each finger for your eyes and ears.** Your fingers between the second and third knuckles represent either your eyes or ears depending on the finger. Your index and middle fingers are associated with your eyes, whereas your ring fingers and pinkies are associated with your ears.
5. **Apply to the upper portion of your palm for your upper chest.** The chest, breast, lung, and bronchial areas are located just below the knuckles of the four fingers on the palm sides of both hands.
6. **Extend a line from your middle finger down the center of your palm.** Just below the previous upper chest zone, picture four more zones descending down in line with your middle finger. Each of the four is about the size of a dime, and the fourth ends at the bottom of your palm. In descending order, these zones represent your:
Solar plexus
Adrenal glands
Kidneys
Intestines
7. **Apply to the outside of your palm (toward your thumb).** Starting at the base of your thumb (the throat zone described above) and leading down to the bottom of your palm on the side closest to your thumb, you quickly descend through four thin zones. In descending order, these zones correspond to your:
Thyroid gland
Pancreas
Bladder
Uterus/prostate
Note that the outside ridge of this same area represents your spine and spinal column. The spinal column is found along the side of the right and left thumb, reaching down to the wrist with the cervical spine located closest to the thumb, followed by the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral areas.
8. **Apply to the inside area of your palms.** Imagine a line running down the insides of your palms from your pinkies down to your wrists. There are three more zones here with each about the size of a nickel. The top zone on both hands applies to the arm and shoulder on the respective side of the body, and the bottom of the three zones on each hands corresponds to the respective side’s hip and thigh. The middle zone on the left hand applies to the heart and spleen while the middle zone on the right hand represents the liver and gall bladder since these organs themselves are located on particular sides of your body.
9. **Apply to the wrist.** Just beneath your palm on your wrist, you will find three more zones. The lymph system is located in line with your middle finger right where your palm ends and your wrist begins. Right next to this zone (in line with your pinkies), you will find the zones representing the testes/ovaries. Finally, beneath both of these zones in a long thin line, you will find the location corresponding to your sciatic nerve.
10. **Locate the correct, corresponding area.** Use a reflexology chart or Part One to find the zone that corresponds to the area of your body on which you want to work. Or you can simply work the entire hands, which reflexologists believe helps to promote overall wellness.
For instance, if you suffer from a sinus headache, then you would work on your fingers between the fingertips and the first knuckles since this zone represents the head and sinuses. This area may also help relieve symptoms of sinusitis, although no proven evidence exists.
As another example, if you’re suffering from constipation, you would apply the techniques to the zones corresponding to your intestines, which is at the bottom of the palms straight down from your middle fingers.
11. **Use thumb-walking techniques.** Place your fully extended thumb on the area you want to focus on. Slide the thumb back slowly while flexing the first thumb knuckle upward. Moving slowly and steadily move the thumb knuckle up and down, walking it over the reflex point.
12. **Use a rotating motion.** Rest your thumb on the area you wish to manipulate. Maintain a steady touch and rotate your thumb in a circle on the area while slowly increasing pressure.
13. **Apply pressure after rotating.** After performing a rotating motion, holding your thumb on the reflex point with medium pressure increases relaxation. Hold for a count of three.
14. **Integrate the different techniques.** If you have chest congestion, for instance, you would isolate the correct zone on each hand (the top of the palm just below the last set of finger knuckles). Then you can use a thumb-walking technique across the zone. Finally, apply the rotating technique to smaller sections of the zone with a hold on the section before moving to the next.
15. **Press firmly without causing any pain.** As you increase pressure on portions of the hands, you should apply as much pressure as you can without causing yourself (or the person on whom you’re applying reflexology) any pain. The firm pressure will ensure that you trigger the reflex, but the action should never cause pain or discomfort.
16. **Stimulate the zones on both hands.** Reflexologists believe that it is important to stimulate the corresponding zones on both hands when applying the techniques. For instance, do not work the fingertips (associated with the head) on just your left hand. Instead, work the fingertips on both hands.
Note that this isn’t the case for zones that are only represented on one hand—the heart of liver, for example.
17. **Relax and drink plenty of water after your session.** Much like a regular massage, reflexologists recommend that you drink lots of water after a hand reflexology session to help your body remove the lactic acid that builds up and is released during the session. As your body flushes out this lactic acid (the 24 to 48 hours after the session), it is also normal to experience increased urination and bowel movements, as well as sweating and changes to sleep patterns.
Lactic acid release is also responsible for the feeling of burning or tingling sensation in muscles that have recently been stimulated (such as by massage).
You can also drink a sports drink containing electrolytes to help you hydrate. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Apply-Reflexology-to-the-Hands", "language": "en"} |
How to Do Basic Cheerleading | These steps are simple things to get you or your squad on the way to becoming a better cheerleader!
1. **Below is a list of things that you need to accomplish to get on your cheerleading squad.** Learn basic motions.
Learn basic jumps.
Learn basic tumbling.
Learn basic stunts.
2. **High V
** Stick your arms up in to a V position. Your arms should be a little more forward. Your elbows should be locked and your wrists should align with your arms. Your hands should be in fists. You should see your fists from the corner of your eyes.
3. **Low V
** This is the same as high v, except your arms should be down and not up. Again, make sure that your wrists are not broken, your hands are in fists, and your elbows are locked. Your thumb should go OVER the rest of your fingers in all motions. The pointer finger should face the audience.
4. **Daggers
** Stick your arms by your chest. Tuck your elbows and arms in but not so they are touching each other. Your hands will be in fists and your pinkies should be facing out.
5. **Touchdown
** From dagger position, bring your arms straight up. Your pinkies should be facing out in fists, your elbows should be locked instead of bent, and your ears should feel your arms a little bit. That's how much in your arms should be in. Make sure that your wrists are not broken..
6. **T
** Bring your arms straight out so your body looks a little bit like a T. Bring your arms in so you can see them out of the corner of your eye. Your hands should be in fists with no fingers out.
7. **Broken T
** From a T position, bring your forearms in by your chest so your forearms are a horizontal position. Your pinkies should be facing out and your hands in fists.
8. **Herkie
** On count one, you are going to clasp with your arms tighter than dagger position and your hands are in a fist like position together.
On count two, bring your arms up to a high V.
On count three, swing your arms in a cross position and bend your legs.
On count four, bring your arms up to a T, hit your herkie. One of your legs will be out like you are doing the straddle splits and the other leg will be bent back. Your arms will be in a T position with fists.
On count five, land with your legs bent with your hands by your side.
On count six, hold that position.
On count seven, straighten out your legs.
9. **Toe Touch
** On count one, you are going to clasp with your arms tighter than dagger position and your hands are in a fist like position together.
On count two, bring your arms up to a high V
On count three, swing your arms in a cross position and bend your knees.
On count four, hit your toe touch. DO NOT ACTUALLY TRY TO TOUCH YOUR TOES!!!!! This cannot be emphasized enough. If you do, then your toe touch will look completely messed up. Your legs will be in a straddle split position. Your arms will be in a T position and in fists.
On count five, land with your legs bent with your hands by your side.
On count six, hold that position.
On count seven, straighten out your legs.
10. **On count one, you are going to clasp with your arms tighter than dagger position and your hands are in a fist like position together.**
11. **On count two, bring your arms up to a rocket (a high clap)and turn 90 degrees to either side.**
12. **On count three, swing your arms in and bend your knees
**
13. **On count four, hit your pike.** Your legs will be in a pike position, meaning that you are going to extends your legs together in front of you with your toes pointed. Your arms should be over your legs and in fists.
14. **On count five, land with your legs bent with your hands by your side.**
15. **On count six, hold that position.**
16. **On count seven, straighten out your legs.**
17. **Thigh Stand.** You are going to need two bases, a flyer, and a back spot. The bases will be in a side lunge position. If your base is on the left side, he or she will lunge to the right side. If your base is on the right side, he or she will lunge to the left. The bases' foot that are facing each other will be side by side. The back spot is going to be in the back holding the flyer's waist throughout the entire stunt.
On count one, the flyer is going to step his or her right foot on the right base's thigh that is lunging out. Still all of the flyer's weight will be on the left foot (The one that is on the ground). His or her hands will be on both of the bases shoulders.
Hold count one.
On count three, the flyer will put all of his or her weight on his or her right leg. The flyer will step up on his or her right bases leg.
On count four, the flyer will stand clean with her weight still on the right base's leg. The flyer will not step on the left base's leg yet.
On count five, the flyer will step her left leg onto the left base's thigh.
On count six, the flyer will stand clean. He or she will now be up on both of the bases' thighs. The bases will hold the flyer's ankles.
Hold count six on count seven.
On count eight, the flyer is going to hit a high v.
The flyer is going to keep hitting the high v.
The flyer will still be hitting the high v.
On count three, the flyer will bring her arms down in a T motion. When the flyer does this, the bases will grab her upper arm and her hand.
Hold count three on count four.
The bases will bend down still in their side lunge position.
The bases will pop up and the flyer is going to jump up forward, so he or she can land on the ground.
The flyer will land and the bases will let go of the flyer's arms and hands. The backspot can let go of the flyer's waist.
Everybody will stand clean. The flyer will be in the front, the backspot will be right behind her. The two bases will be side by side.
18. **Half.** You are going to need two bases, a flyer, and a back spot. The bases will have their hands over each other and their arms down so the flyer can step on their hands. The back spot will be holding the flyer's hips, and the flyer will be holding the bases' shoulders.
The flyer will jump onto the bases' hands and the back spot will help her up.
The flyer is going to bump.
The bases will lift their hands up to their chins. Once the flyer is raised, the back spot will grab the flyer's ankles. This is really important.
The flyer will hit a high V.
Do go down, the bases will bump their hands down and then squeeze the flyer's legs together, the flyer will hold the bases' shoulders and squat, and the back spot will catch the flyer by her bottom.
Once the flyer is down, the whole stunt will clean and the bases will turn 90 degrees to the front.
19. **Shoulder sit.** You are going to need one base, a flyer, and a back spot. The base should have one leg out in a lunge, the flyer should have her leg on the base's leg, and the back spot should be holding the flyer's hips.
The flyer will push her self up and sit on the base's shoulders, one leg at a time. The back spot will help her up.
The base will wrap her arms around the flyer's legs to make sure she doesn't fall.
Once the flyer is up, the back spot won't need to hold her hips anymore.
The flyer will hit a high V.
To get down, the base will slide the flyer's legs off her shoulders, grab her hands, and bump down.
20. **Forward roll
** Squat and lay your hands on the floor
Tuck in your chin and push off your hands and legs.
Roll forward.
Squat your legs against your chest and hold your arms up in front of you.
Get up.
21. **Cartwheel
** Put your best leg forward and your arms up against your ears.
Move your whole body forward and slowly raise your back leg.
Once your hands reach the ground, kick your back leg over.
Kick your other leg over.
Land in a lunge position, with your arms up against your ears.
22. **Backbend
** Raise your arms up against your ears and spread your legs apart.
Push your hips forward.
Bend your back and look at the ground.
Bend IN, not out. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Do-Basic-Cheerleading", "language": "en"} |
How to Get Rid of Phlegm in Your Throat Without Medicine | Dealing with phlegm can be really annoying. Fortunately, there are lots of home remedies that are pretty effective! If you have phlegm in your throat, try home treatments like gargling with salt water or inhaling steam to break up the mucus. Additionally, sip on hot liquids and lemon tea to get relief, and eat soup or spicy foods. Finally, prevent further mucus buildup by avoiding things that trigger it.
1. **Gargle with warm salt water to relieve mucus and soothe your throat.** Mix .5 teaspoons (2.5 mL) of salt into 1 cup (240 mL) of warm water. Take a sip of salt water, but don’t swallow. Instead, tilt your head back and gargle the water for a few seconds. Then, spit out the salt water in a sink and rinse out your mouth.
You can repeat this treatment every 2-3 hours throughout the day, as needed.
2. **Use a humidifier to moisten your airways with warm steam.** Pour distilled water into your humidifier up to the fill line. Then, turn on the humidifier and keep it running while you recover. The steam will moisten your airways and thin your mucus. This should relieve the phlegm in your throat.
If you don't have a working humidifier, you can find options online here.
If you like, add eucalyptus essential oil, which is an active ingredient in vaporub products. Use an eyedropper to add 2-3 drops of oil to the water before you turn on the humidifier.
You can find eucalyptus essential oil here.
3. **Take a hot shower and inhale the steam for temporary relief.** Since steam can loosen and thin the phlegm in your throat, a hot shower can help. To use the shower, set the your water temperature to hot but not scalding. Then, relax in your shower and take deep breaths.
You can also use eucalyptus essential oil in your shower. Use an eyedropper to add a couple of drops of oil to the shower floor or bathtub right before you step into the shower.
4. **Inhale steam from a bowl of hot water to thin and loosen the phlegm.** Fill a large bowl with steaming hot water. Then, lean over the bowl and drape a towel over your head and the bowl. Slowly inhale the steam for as long as you feel comfortable. Afterwards, drink a glass of water to cool you down and keep you hydrated.
This is called a facial steam. You can do it once or twice a day as needed to get relief.
For added benefits, add essential oil to your water, such as 2-3 drops of eucalyptus, rosemary, or peppermint essential oil to help break up the mucus and soothe your throat.
5. **Hum to break up the phlegm if your throat doesn’t hurt.** Humming makes your throat vibrate, which can effectively break up the phlegm. Pick your favorite song, then hum for a minute or 2. Follow up with a few sips of water. This should help clear your throat.
This works best if your throat isn’t sore. If humming feels uncomfortable, try something else.
6. **Rinse your sinuses with a neti pot to clear your airways and thin mucus.** Fill a neti pot with an over-the-counter saline rinse or purified water. Then, lean over a sink and tilt your head to 1 side. Place the spout of the neti pot against your top nostril, then slowly pour the water into your nose. It should go in the top nostril and exit the bottom nostril.
Rinse both nostrils over your sink. Be careful not to inhale the saline solution or water.
Don’t use tap water in your neti pot. Although it’s rare, tap water can contain brain eating amoebas.
You can find a variety of neti pot options here.
7. **Stay hydrated by drinking at least 11.5 cups (2.7 L) of water daily.** Fluids will help thin out the mucus so that it doesn’t build up in your throat. Make sure you’re meeting your daily water needs by drinking plenty of water, tea, and other beverages. Additionally, snack on foods that contain water, like soup or fruit. Women need about 11.5 cups (2.7 L) of water daily, while men need about 15.5 cups (3.7 L) of water daily.
Try flavoring your water or tea with lemon, which will help break up your mucus. Add lemon slices to your water or squeeze some lemon juice into your glass.
8. **Drink warm liquids to clear your throat and break up the mucus.** Choose hot fluids like warm water, tea, or cider to help relieve your phlegm. The heat will soften and thin the mucus so that it drains away more easily. This helps clear your throat.
Warm liquids are also very soothing, so they should help you feel better.
9. **Sip on lemon tea with honey to soothe your throat and relieve mucus.** Use a bag of prepared lemon tea or add 2 teaspoons (9.9 mL) of lemon to 1 cup (240 mL) of hot water. Then, stir about 1 tablespoon (15 mL) of honey into the lemon water. Drink your tea while it’s warm.
The acid in the lemon juice helps to thin and remove the phlegm, while the honey soothes your throat.
You can enjoy your lemon tea with honey as often as you’d like.
If you'd like to buy lemon tea, you can find options here.
10. **Eat hot soup to thin and break up mucus.** Soup warms the mucus, which can help thin it out so it goes away more easily. The broth can also help thin your mucus and clear your throat. Additionally, soup made with chicken broth, like chicken noodle soup, may act as an anti-inflammatory, as well.
Choose a chicken broth-based soup if you can, as it’s the best option. However, any soup will help warm you up and increase your fluids.
11. **Eat spicy foods to loosen the phlegm so it drains easily.** Choose dishes that contain spices like cayenne pepper, chili pepper, wasabi, horseradish, or peppers. These spices act as natural decongestants, so they’ll thin your mucus and make your nose start running. This should help clear your phlegm.
Spices may burn your throat, so you may not want to try this if you have a sore throat.
12. **Keep your head elevated so mucus won’t collect in your throat.** Mucus naturally drains from your sinuses down the back of your throat. If you’re lying down, the mucus can pool there. This leads to a buildup of phlegm in your throat. To prevent this, prop yourself up on pillows to allow the phlegm to drain.
When you’re sleeping, use a lot of pillows or sleep in a chair if your mucus is really thick.
13. **Stop eating foods that cause you to have acid reflux.** Acid reflux can cause mucus to collect in your throat. If you commonly experience heartburn or burning in your throat, monitor the foods that seem to cause your symptoms. Then, avoiding eating those foods.
Common causes of acid reflux include garlic, onions, spicy foods, caffeine, carbonated drinks, citrus foods, onions, alcohol, mint, tomato products, chocolate, and fried, greasy foods.
Talk to your doctor if you’re having acid reflux more than twice a week, if you haven’t already.
14. **Avoid smoking and stay away from secondhand smoke.** Smoking can dry out your vocal cords, which triggers your body to make more phlegm and mucus to restore the lost moisture. This can make your phlegm worse. It’s best to stop smoking if you do. Additionally, ask others not to smoke around you or step away while they do it.
If you’re a smoker, you may be able to use nicotine gum or patches to help you deal with your cravings.
15. **Avoid dairy products because they can thicken your mucus.** You may have heard that dairy makes you produce more mucus, but that’s not true. However, it may cause your mucus to thicken, especially if you’re eating high fat dairy. While you might not experience thicker mucus, it’s best to stay away from dairy if you’re trying to get rid of phlegm.
If you don’t want to stop eating dairy, stick to no-fat or low-fat options because they’re less likely to thicken your mucus.
16. **Avoid exposure to allergens, fumes, and hazardous chemicals.** Paint fumes, cleaners, and other chemicals can irritate your airways and harm your respiratory function. This can trigger your body to produce more mucus. Limit your contact with irritants or chemicals. If you must come into contact with them, wear a face mask and move to a ventilated area as soon as possible. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Get-Rid-of-Phlegm-in-Your-Throat-Without-Medicine", "language": "en"} |
How to Text a Capricorn Woman | Hard-working and goal-oriented, the Capricorn you have your eyes on is one incredible boss woman. With her busy schedule, it seems the only time you can reach her is by text, but how can you text to impress? Think of texting a Capricorn woman as the first step into her life. First it’s texting, and sooner or later you’re meeting in-person on a date! We’ve compiled a list of ways you can text a Capricorn woman from encouragements to flirts.This article is based on an interview with our psychic astrologer, Stina Garbis, owner of Psychic Stina. Check out the full interview here.
1. **A Capricorn woman likes someone who can make the first move.** Be bold and hit that send button! Not only will a Capricorn woman admire your charisma, but she’ll appreciate your drive to get what you want—it will remind her of herself. If you’re not sure what to text, try one of these options:
“Hey! How was your weekend?”
“Hi! How are you?😊”
“Hey, what was last night’s homework?”
“Hey, did you get that work email?😅”
2. **Honesty will get you far with a Capricorn woman.** She doesn’t like playing games—she’s far too busy reaching her goals for that! Instead, be blunt and tell her how you feel about her right away, especially if you’re comfortable. Above everything else, she’ll appreciate—and maybe even fall for—your willingness to chase after what you want.
“Hey, so I really like you.”
“I’ve seen you around work and just want to say I think you’re great.”
“You’re one amazing woman, and anyone would be lucky to have you.”
3. **A Capricorn woman will watch and wait for your reply.** Don’t leave her hanging and watching those three dots bounce up and down. Do her a solid by being quick to respond! Try not to change your message too many times because she may start to worry about what all your previous drafts said. If you can’t respond right away, be honest and apologize for the delay. Here are some ways you can get the conversation going again:
“Hey! I’m so sorry for not getting back to you. Got caught in a meeting and my phone was off😬”
“Sorry I didn’t reply right away! Things got a bit hectic.”
“I can’t believe I’m just seeing this! I’m sorry for just now getting back to you! Will you ever forgive me?🥺”
4. **Long texts will turn a Capricorn woman off immediately.** She’s got a lot going on, and frankly might not have the time to read a super long message. So, keeping things short, sweet, and to the point will not only catch her eye, but make her want to engage with you.
If you want to have a long chat with her, she’s not opposed to that! Ask her if there’s a good time you can call or you can meet up in-person.
An instant red flag for her would be if you text her back to back to back if she hasn’t responded. Be patient—she hasn’t forgotten about you!
5. **The way to a Capricorn woman’s heart is through her job.** She’s a career-driven, independent woman who will stop at nothing to climb that corporate ladder and break the glass ceiling. You’re sure to grab her attention by asking about what’s going on at the office, or, better yet, what her next career move is.
“Hey! How’s work going?”
“Saw your company on the news. Is there anything you can’t do?🤩”
“How’s the 9 to 5 treating you these days?”
6. **A Capricorn woman’s “can do” attitude is her driving force.** She’s hard-working and loves creating new goals for herself. A simple text about what she’s currently hoping to achieve is bound to impress her.
“What are you planning next?”
“Have any current goals I should know about?”
Don’t shy away from sharing your goals with her too! She wants a partner who is just as goal-oriented as she is.
7. **A Capricorn woman is drawn to success.** She’ll want to know all about your life, so text her about your latest accomplishments like acing a test, getting a promotion, or learning a new skill. If you’re receiving an award or are going to be a part of a ceremony, invite her to come along! She wants someone who is self-sufficient and established, so hint at your incredible life.
“Guess who just scored that promotion?😎”
“I’m going to be in a choir concert this weekend. Wanna come?”
“A+ and highest score in the class baby💁”
8. **She’s always rising to the top, so be her biggest cheerleader!** A Capricorn woman is always climbing the ladders but can often be too wrapped up to give herself the attention she needs. Send her an encouraging text reminding her she’s got this before a big life or work event. Not only will your heartfelt words mean the world to her, she’ll be impressed by you remembering her life details.
“You’re going to nail that presentation today!”
“They’re blind if they don’t pick you. You’re absolutely incredible.”
“Take a deep breath and remember how awesome you are.”
9. **It might take a Capricorn woman a while to know you’re into them.** Because of this, being direct and honest when it comes to flirting is your best bet! Lean into those cliches and corny pick-up lines that’ll make her roll her eyes and blush all at the same time. Catching those subtle hints isn’t her thing, so give her the obvious!
“What would you say if I asked you to come over right now?😏”
“You’re absolutely stunning.”
“I had a dream about you last night…”
“No matter what I do, I can’t stop thinking about you.”
10. **Give her a chance to show off her smarts and leadership skills.** A Capricorn woman wants to feel useful, so give her a reason to help. Maybe you need some life advice or have no idea how long you should cook your chicken. No matter the problem, text her to see if she has the solution—and don’t be afraid to throw in a few cheeky remarks while you do!
“You wouldn’t by chance know how to remove juice from a carpet?😅”
“I just got offered two jobs and I’m not sure what to do.”
“What would you recommend I serve with chicken? Trying to impress someone tonight😏”
11. **A Capricorn woman will eventually want things to go beyond texting.** If you really want her, prove it! Ask her if you can call her so you can hear her voice or tell her something wild. Take an even bolder step and schedule a time you can meet up. She would rather talk instead of text, so take initiative and see what happens. If anything, she’ll admire your drive.
“I heard about this cool coffee shop. Want to check it out sometime?”
“I’d love to talk to you in-person. Are you free this weekend?” | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Text-a-Capricorn-Woman", "language": "en"} |
How to Check Ball Joints | The ball joints allow the suspension of your vehicle to move up and down, while at the same time allow the wheels to turn left and right. Over time, a car’s ball joints may wear down. If a ball joint starts to loosen, you’ll hear clunking sounds from the front as the joint rattles in the socket. If it tightens up, the steering will bind so you can have a stiff spot as you turn the steering wheel. There may be a binding or squeaking sound in addition to the stiff spot. Fortunately, you can quickly and easily check your ball joints for excessive wear before you experience severe steering or suspension problems.
1. **Look for a wear indicator.** While the vehicle is still on the ground, look underneath the car, on the bottom of the steering knuckle attached to the wheel. The most common indicator is a grease fitting that doubles as a wear indicator. That fitting, or boss, will stick out of the bottom of the joint’s housing by about half an inch (1.25 centimeters). As it wears the boss will recede into the housing. As long as the boss protrudes out, the joint should be fine. Once the boss is flush with the housing or has receded even further, you’ll need to replace the ball joint.
This applies to older cars. Most new cars do not have wear indicators, or a grease fitting. If you can’t find a wear indicator, or if the indicator doesn’t give you a clear enough sign, raise up the car to inspect the joint more thoroughly.
2. **Raise the front end of the car.** To check a loaded lower ball joint, the manufacturer will recommend that you place a jack under the lower control arm of the front wheel, as close to the ball joint as you can, then raise the vehicle until the wheel leaves the ground. If you don't do this, tension will still be on the ball joint when you jack up the car, making it difficult to move and look for play on the joint.
Make sure there is no compression in the suspension when you check the ball joint. If you have control arms of unequal lengths, make sure the upper bump stop doesn’t touch the control arm.
3. **Rock the wheels and check for play.** Make sure your car is jacked securely. The vehicle must be on frame stands when jacked up and you are working on the vehicle. Move dial indicator to the side of the nut or to the side of the spindle and move the wheel in and out to check radial wear.
For vertical play, place the dial indicator against the steering knuckle stud nut or the ball joint housing, depending on the manufacturer. Grab the wheel at the top and bottom (12 and 6 o’clock) to lift up and pull down. Move the dial gauge to the side of the nut and grab the tire at the bottom and move it in and out to check radial play of the joint.
Read the dial indicator and check against the manufacturer’s specifications. If the movement is beyond specifications, replace the ball joint.
Experienced mechanics will also just check play by the feel, listening closely for any clicking or easy motion that suggests the ball joint is worn out. Alternatively, you could have a helper look closely at the joint itself to see if it appears loose as you move it.
4. **Look for the grease fitting.** If your front suspension uses MacPherson struts, look for a wear indicator, which is usually a grease fitting. Grasp the fitting and try to wiggle it. If the fitting moves around inside the housing, you’ll need to replace the ball joint.
5. **Jack up the car on the front cross-member.** Many front wheel drive cars with strut suspensions should not be jacked up using the lower control arm, so it's a good idea to consult your owner's manual before attempting to inspect the joint. In general, you're going to want to jack the car up in the directed place as you normally would, on the crossing member of the frame.
Let the MacPherson struts extend as far out as you can before you try to check the wheels for play.
6. **Use your hand to check the up-down play on the ball joint.** Rock the lower part of the wheel around to see if there is any play in the joint. If there is any play in the joint, it must be replaced.
7. **Listen.** The ball joint assembly in a vehicle with strut suspension should be silent. Any clicking sound when you move it up indicates it's worn out and not working smoothly as it should. If you notice significant play, you need to change the ball joint.
Alternatively, have someone look at the ball joint while you attempt to move it. It'll shudder slightly and look insecure if it needs to be replaced. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Check-Ball-Joints", "language": "en"} |
How to Identify Emotional Abuse | Emotional abuse happens to many people all over the world. Emotional abuse, in general, is a pattern of harmful interactions that do not involve physical altercation, but cause harm to the person’s emotional health. Emotional child abuse can occur when children are not appropriately cared for or are treated in a way that makes them believe they are worthless or unwanted. Emotional abuse can result in psychopathology, sexual difficulties, decreased self-esteem, substance abuse, delinquency, and interpersonal problems. Emotional abuse can come in different forms, such as: child emotional abuse, verbal abuse, and controlling behaviors.
1. **Notice emotional unavailability.** This can include unresponsiveness, parental insensitivity, and emotional neglect. Analyze the way the caregiver reacts to feelings and needs of the child. Some warning signs are if the caregiver or parent is:
Unable or unavailable to respond to the child’s emotional needs.
Ignoring the child’s needs to interact.
Failing to express positive emotions to the child (smiling, laughing).
Showing no emotion in interactions with the child.
Rejection or hostility towards the child.
Too focused on their own issues such as mental illness, substance abuse, or work responsibilities.
2. **Search for developmentally inappropriate interactions.** This occurs when the caregiver does not have adequate understanding of age-appropriate interactions and discipline. This may mean the parent treats the child as though they have the developmental capabilities of an older child or an adult. The parent may not intend to cause harm but can unknowingly engage in inappropriate interactions with the child. Look for:
Exposure to confusing or traumatic events that the child cannot process or understand. This may include exposure to domestic violence or suicidal behavior, such as self-harm or suicide attempts.
Unreasonable chore expectations (such as making a 4-year-old do laundry for the family).
Expecting a disabled child to do things that are unreasonable given their disability.
3. **Understand failures to recognize individuality.** This is the inability by the parent to fully understand that the child is a separate and individual person. This type of abuse is common in divorces proceedings and custody disputes, and may appear as:
Using the child for the fulfillment of the parent’s psychological needs.
Inability to distinguish between the child’s reality and the adult’s beliefs and wishes.
Lack of psychological boundaries (e.g. a father complaining to a child about the mother's behavior).
4. **Notice failures to promote social skills.** This means the parents or caregivers do not help the child develop social skills. This may include:
Corrupting the child by giving them alcohol or drugs, exposing them to pornography or cruelty to humans or animals. Corrupting or not socializing also includes teaching the child self-destructive or antisocial behaviors, like bullying.
Psychological neglect (failure to provide adequate opportunities for brain development and learning).
Isolating the child.
Involving them in criminal activities.
5. **Look for yelling.** Getting angry on occasion or so is normal, but screaming on a regular basis is not.
The abuser may become hostile and aggressive.
They may scream and swear.
They don't apologize, and they don't work on trying to control their temper.
They refuse to take responsibility for their behavior if someone tries to address it.
6. **Catch name-calling.** Name-calling is the act of using offensive names to insult someone. Name-calling can be a form of emotional abuse if it is very negative and repeated often. Unlike friendly teasing, an abusive person will not stop name-calling if the victim shows or says that they are upset by it. Some examples of name-calling are:
“Hey, stupid. You idiot. You are a dummy.”
“You wimp.”
“Why are you such a freak? I swear you're psycho. Are you going to snap and shoot up a school?”
"Are you going to help me do this, or are you chicken?"
7. **Identify blaming and shaming.** Sometimes people who are abusive excuse or justify their behaviors by blaming the victim. The individual may begin to believe that they is deserving of the abuse or it is somehow their fault.
Blaming might look like, “This is all your fault. Admit it. I had no part in this. Apologize.” It can also be more subtle such as, “I wouldn’t mistreat you if you didn’t act so badly.”
Shaming can be things like, “Look at what you did. You are a bad person. You should be disgusted with yourself. I am so ashamed of you.”
8. **Look for inappropriate humor.** Joking around may seem light-hearted, but it can be harmful especially if the individual does have a particular sensitivity or disability.
This can involve inappropriately teasing or taunting someone. For example, teasing someone about their weight or appearance can be emotionally abusive.
A well-meaning person will stop teasing someone about a particular thing if they are asked to stop or told that it's hurtful. An abusive person will not stop, because hurting others is the goal.
9. **Notice if the person is making all the decisions in your life.** If the person is telling you what to wear, what to eat, where you can go, and who you can see, this is a controlling behavior and a sign of emotional abuse. The abuser makes you feel dependent on him and that you are unable to make your own decisions.
10. **Recognize intimidation.** Abusive individuals can be controlling and overbearing. This can manifest as a need to make decisions for others and tell others what to do. The person who is abusing others may expect people to follow his orders without questioning him. Intimidation tactics may include:
Making threatening looks or gestures.
Smashing things in front of the person.
Destroying property, harming pets, or putting weapons on display.
11. **Listen for threats.** Threatening is when the abuser tries to scare the other person into staying with them or possibly drop charges against them. An abuser may threaten the other person, the other person's loved ones, or even to harm himself.
Threats can be vague such as, “If I can't have you, no one can,” or, “You’re going to get it. You’ll be sorry.”
The abuser may threaten to withhold food or other care the person needs.
Know that criminal threats are crimes. Report the person to the police if you feel you or someone you know is in danger. You can also ask for a restraining order.
12. **Notice social isolation.** Social isolation can be a form of control. The abusive person wants the victim to not have close friendships or relationships because this can limit the abuser's control. The abusive person knows that the individual may seek help from social supports, and he may want to limit these supports.
This may show up as isolating the individual or not allowing the person to be in social situations (such as go out with friends). They may also set so many "rules" for the victim that it is too much work for the victim to socialize while obeying the abuser's rules.
The abuser may also try to prevent the person from attending school or work.
13. **Recognize financial abuse.** Financial abuse can occur in intimate relationships, as well as against the elderly (called elder abuse) and disabled people. Economic abuse include any of the following:
Rigidly controlling finances.
Withholding money or credit cards.
Forcing the person to account for every penny spent.
Withholding basic necessities (food, clothes, medications, shelter).
Restricting the person to an allowance.
Preventing them from working or choosing a career.
Sabotaging someone’s job (making one miss work, calling constantly).
Stealing from the person or taking money. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Identify-Emotional-Abuse", "language": "en"} |
How to Cite an Interview in APA | Scholarly papers in the social sciences are often formatted according to the American Psychological Association (APA) style. An essay or thesis that quotes or paraphrases a source should be attributed properly in the text and in the reference list in order to avoid plagiarism. When citing a personal interview, pay particular attention when crafting your internal citation. For published or oral interviews, the citation details will often contain all of the information necessary for someone else to find your source.
1. **Establish if the interview counts as a ‘personal communication.** ’ If you conducted the interview, it is considered ‘personal.’ If another person created the interview and published it for general use, it is considered ‘published.’ Personal interviews are cited parenthetically (or internally) in the text, but not included in your works cited or reference list.
This status of ‘personal communication’ also applies to other documents that are ‘not findable’ to other people, such as a private emails.
For personal interviews, you may also want to include a transcript of your typed questions and answers. This should be included in an Appendix, immediately following your References page.
2. **Paraphrase or directly quote the interview.** Use the information as you normally would while writing. However, know that you must include an internal citation if you mention anything beyond ‘common knowledge’ that is part of the interview.
The internal citation format looks the same whether you quote or paraphrase. It does not change.
For example, say you write, “The people in the command room cheered after the event.” If you know this because your interview subject told you so, and this information is not readily available via a textbook, etc., then you must cite it. Failure to do so counts as academic dishonesty.
3. **Follow the interview information with a parenthetical citation.** Immediately after the sentence in which you paraphrased or quoted the interview, include a parenthetical citation, essentially a full citation contained with parentheses.
You should place the previous sentence’s period after your citation. For example, in the text you will see, “The people in the command center cheered the event (R. Smith, personal communication, October 15, 2000).” Your citation counts as a continuation of that sentence for reference purposes.
4. **Begin with the name of the interview subject.** Include their first initial followed by a period, add a space, and follow it with their full last name. The initial and last name should be capitalized. Place a comma after their complete name.
In the case of research interviews, your subjects may need to remain anonymous. Therefore, their full names cannot appear within your citation. Instead, if you have numerous interview participants to keep track of, you can assign them codes, such as “Male participant 23,” or “Participant 23.”
The code name will then take the place of the traditional name in the internal citation. For example, your citation will look like, “(Participant 23, personal communication, October 15, 2000)."
5. **Add the phrase, “personal communication.”** Insert a single space after the comma and the phrase should appear immediately thereafter. It should be kept in all lower-case letters. Follow it with a period and another space.
This phrase cannot be abbreviated, so make sure to present it consistently every time in internal citations.
6. **Finish with the date of the interview.** Take a space after the previous comma. Write out the month in full followed by the numerical day. A comma should be placed after the day number, add another space, and include the numerical year in four-digit format.
For example, a date should appear as, “October 15, 2000,” not, “Oct. ’00,” or, “October 15.”
7. **Place your citation in parentheses.** The parentheses should open at the start of the citation (place it right before the author’s first initial) and close at the end of your citation (place it right after the year date). Remember to place the sentence’s period after your closed parentheses.
8. **Include the author’s name directly in the text.** You may end up stating the interviewee’s name in the text, in the area directly preceding the citation. If that is the case, you can go with a somewhat pared down version of your internal citation. Simply remove the author’s name from within the parentheses and cite as you normally would.
This is done because it is understood that the reader can get the interview subject’s name from the preceding sentence. Otherwise, listing it twice that close together would bog down the text.
You might write, “Robert Smith describes how the people in the command room cheered after the event (personal communication, October 15, 2000).”
9. **Include the interview in both your internal citations and your reference list.** If the interview appeared in a magazine or other publication, then it falls under these guidelines. The reference information will now appear throughout the text (as it is used) and also at the end of your work in your reference list.
10. **Go to your “Reference” page.** This is a page at the very end of your work that lists the accumulated sources from throughout your paper. It should be organized alphabetically, so that readers can find citation information quickly.
11. **Start your reference citation with the author’s last name.** Follow this with a comma and a single space. Then, include your your author’s first initial, capitalized, and followed immediately by a period and another space.
12. **Include the date of publication.** Follow the name with the four-digit date of publication in parentheses. Place a period immediate after the closed parentheses and add another space.
Your date should look like, “(2000),” not, “(’00).”
If you cannot find a date for the work substitute “n.d.” without quotation marks in its place.
13. **Include the title.** Follow the date with the full interview title. If the interview is not titled, then include a single line description. This description should be contained within square brackets. It will often include the phrase “Interview with” followed by the interviewee’s full name, followed by a comma, and a few words of bio information.
If you use brackets, add a period immediately after the closed bracket. For example, it will look like, “[Interview with James Michael, author of Reality].” Or, it could look like, “The Most Amazing Interview Title.”
If you include a published work in the brief bio description, make sure to italicize the title.
Include the title exactly as it appears within the published text.
14. **Follow the format of the original source.** At this point your entry may look different depending on the original publication style. If you are working with a journal entry with a single-author, then you will want to follow that general citation style. That will determine what additional information you include in the citation.
For example, when working with a single-author journal entry your citation will proceed with the full journal title, the volume number, and the page numbers of the interview. It will look similar to, “Word, J. (2000). [Interview with James Michael, author of Reality]. Journal of Writing Studies, 20, 400-411.” Note that the journal title is italicized as well.
If the volume number is not available, it can be omitted. Note that the consecutive page numbers are separated with a dash. To include a series of non-consecutive page numbers you would list them with commas in between. Always end your citation with a period.
15. **Follow with a DOI, if available.** The DOI, or Digital Object Identifier, is new to the 6th edition of the APA Citation Manual. It allows an interested party to trace the source digitally. You will find the DOI in a database record for a digital magazine or perhaps at the top of a downloaded pdf. Include the DOI directly after the page numbers.
For example, a DOI reference citation for a published interview might look like,”Word, J. (2000). [Interview with James Michael, author of Reality]. Journal of Writing Studies, 20, 400-411. doi:453432342342.”
16. **Create your internal citation.** As the full information is included in the reference list, you are free to use an abbreviated in-text citation style. Immediately after a paraphrase, include the last name of the author followed by a comma and the publication year. All placed within parentheses.
If you quote the published interview directly, then you must include a page number as part of your internal citation. Add a comma after the publication date and write the page number out preceded by a “p.” An in-text citation in this situation should look like, “(Wood, 2000, p. 402).” "Wood" is the author's last name, "2000" is the publication year, and "p.402" means the quotation was found on page 402 in the text.
In contrast, if you mention the author directly in the text, you can follow a distinct in-text citation style. With this format you include the publication date in parentheses immediately after your mention of the author's last name and add the page numbers at the end of the sentence in parentheses as well. For example, “Wood (2000) stated that “reality is subjective” (p.402).” By looking at this sentence you can tell that the author's last name is Wood, the work was published in the year 2000, and the quote can be found on page 402 in the text. This is a good approach if you are looking to avoid heavy citing.
17. **Create both an internal citation and a reference list citation.** Since this is a traceable source you will want to double-up the citations the same way you did for the published interviews. You will need to include an alphabetized entry in your reference list. You will want to follow the rules when citing internally as well.
18. **Craft your reference citation.** Begin with the last name of the interviewee (the person being interviewed), followed by a comma and their first initial, followed by a period. Place the date in parentheses. The four-digit year should come first, followed by a comma, then the full month day and numerical day.
Follow the date with the interview title, if available. The title should be in italics. Then, in parentheses, state the interviewer’s first initial and last name, followed by a comma and the label “Interviewer.” Then, in brackets, write out “Audio file. Close the brackets and add a period.
If your audio file came from a website, at the end of your citation write, “Retrieved from,” followed by the website. Or, you can include the DOI here, if available.
19. **Follow standard internal citation rules.** When you add an internal citation for an audio file interview, you will include the same information as with a published source, minus the page numbers unless you are working from a transcript. You will use the interviewee last name followed by a comma and the date, all in brackets. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Cite-an-Interview-in-APA", "language": "en"} |
How to Defend Against Weapon Attacks With Martial Arts | Hopefully, you never end up in a situation where you have to defend yourself against an armed attacker. Unfortunately, the world can be kind of unpredictable. Keep in mind that it’s always better to run if you can get away. If you can’t run and the attacker is making demands, it’s better to comply. If you’re actively being jumped or attacked though, fight back. Remember, it’s never worth risking your life if the attacker is demanding money. Personal belongings can be replaced and your life is always more valuable than whatever is in your wallet.
1. **Wait for an opening where the gunman isn’t looking at you.** If you do decide to attack a gunman, wait for an opportunity where they’re holding the gun away from you. If you can, wait for the gunman to look away or get distracted by something. Only attack if you’re within 5–10 feet (1.5–3.0 m) of the attacker. Do not make any sudden movements if they’re looking and aiming at you.
The closer you are the better. You may be able to get off 1-2 big steps if they’re looking away before they get a chance to turn around and pull the trigger.
2. **Duck out of the way and slide to your opponent’s side.** As you get ready to strike the armed gunman, duck out of the way of the barrel and slide to the outside of the gun. In other words, if they’re holding it with their right hand, duck down and slide 1–2 ft (0.30–0.61 m) to the attacker’s right side.
If you move towards the attacker’s chest, two things may happen. First, your attacker will be able to track you more easily and they may just point at you and shoot. Second, they may hit you with their free hand while you go for the gun. If either of these things happen, you’re in serious danger.
3. **Strike the gunman’s wrist to disarm them quickly.** Either chop down on your opponent’s wrist with your dominant hand, or punch their wrist from the outside. There is a solid chance the gun will fly right out of the gunman’s hand. If it does, and other people are around, call out for them to grab the gun and grapple with the attacker. Otherwise, dive for the gun, if you can, to take control of the situation.
If you injure the attacker or they fall down when you do this, don’t bother with the gun. Just focus on restraining them.
4. **Grab the armed wrist with your free hand if they hold on to the gun.** If you strike the wrist and they hold on to the gun, they could turn to you and shoot. To keep this from happening, immediately grab their wrist with your free hand. Then, bring your other hand back up and reinforce your grip with both hands. Hold it as hard as you possibly can to retain control.
Stay on the attacker’s side while doing this. If you’re on the inside, they could hit you repeatedly with their free hand so you lose control of their wrist.
5. **Pull the armed wrist away from the attacker’s free arm.** Once you have control of their wrist, yank it down and away from the attacker’s free arm. Pull their wrist down toward the ground and yank it in a circular motion away from them. This can throw them off balance and keep them from gaining control.
If you’re shorter, pull their arm under their waist if you can.
The reasoning behind pulling it down is that it’s easier for the human body to hold something down than push up against something. Your attacker won’t be able to raise the gun back up.
6. **Twist their arm and turn the gun out of their hand.** Once you have the wrist held down and away from the attacker, twist their arm toward their back. Hopefully, this will tear a tendon or ligament and they’ll drop the gun right away. Otherwise, it’ll make it easy for you to tilt their wrist up and grab the gun with your nondominant hand before taking it away.
Once you have the gun, back up and raise it to protect yourself. Do not shoot unless they leap at you. Just hold them where they are and call the police.
7. **Attempt to disarm a knife-wielding attacker only as a last resort.** It’s actually much harder to disarm a knife than a gun. The reason is that it’s relatively easier to keep a gun pointed away from you while a knife gets more dangerous the closer you are. If possible, run. If this isn’t an option, back up as much as you possibly can and try to evade the attacker. You should really only try to disarm a knife-wielding attacker if you have no other way to defend yourself.
8. **Knock the knife away by striking their wrist from both sides if possible.** If your attacker is holding a knife up with one hand, there is one move that may work to instantly disarm them. With both palms open, strike your opponent’s wrist from both sides. Hit the inside of their arm just below the wrist bones with your strong hand. At the same time, hit the back of their knife hand with your off-hand. The knife may fly right out of their hand.
If you do this correctly, you’ll snap their palm inward while applying hard pressure to the forearm. At best, you’ll break their wrist. At worst, you’ll knock the knife out of their hand.
This is an old taekwondo trick for disarming an attacker wielding a weapon.
You need to do this very quickly and you must be accurate for this to work. If possible, do this while they’re looking elsewhere to catch them off guard.
9. **Grab the attacker's armed hand to control their wrist as an alternative.** If you can’t knock the knife out of the attacker's hand, quickly grab their wrist with both hands. Grip it as hard as you possibly can and either yank it down or away from the attacker. The direction doesn’t necessarily matter as much so long as you throw them off balance and control their wrist.
Unlike a gun, which is only dangerous when it’s pointed at you, the knife is dangerous at basically any angle. This is why it’s better to pull the wrist in whatever direction is most likely to throw your attacker off balance.
10. **Twist the attacker's arm away from them as hard as you can.** As soon as you pull the wrist away from the attacker, use all of your weight to rip their arm away in a circular motion. If you have their right arm, twist it counterclockwise. If you have their left arm, twist it clockwise. Ideally, this will break their wrist or elbow. In most cases, this will at least cause them to drop the knife.
If they do drop the knife and you have somewhere to run, now is the time to do it. Otherwise, kick the knife away and subdue your attacker.
11. **Hop back and try again if you can’t control their wrist.** If at any point you lose control of their wrist, jump back to get out of range of the knife. Either try to knock the knife out again or make another effort to grab the wrist from further away. So long as you’re close to the opponent and you don’t have control of their wrist, you’re at serious risk of being stabbed.
12. **Stay as calm as possible to control your emotions.** Panic is the enemy here. If someone has a weapon and you panic, you may make a mistake. Similarly, if you’re visibly panicked, the attacker may become panicked as well. Take a deep breath, try your best to relax, and keep a cool front on while you assess what’s going on.
Keep your hands up and wait for the attacker to list their demands or say their piece. You are not in control right now, so it’s better to wait and see what the attacker wants before jumping right to fighting back.
13. **Give your money or belongings over if you’re being robbed.** If they have a weapon and they only want your belongings, give them over and do not attempt to disarm the attacker. You’re only putting yourself at risk if you do this. Your belongings can be replaced and they aren’t nearly as valuable as your life.
Most attempts to disarm an attacker are not successful to begin with. It’s much more likely that you get hurt than stop a crazed gunman or knife-wielding maniac. It’s always best to give the attacker what they want if it will keep your safe.
14. **Run and shout for help if you think you’re faster and they have a knife.** If you’re in good shape and the attacker doesn’t have a gun, your best bet is to run. Knives, bats, and other blunt force weapons are actually harder to disarm than guns, so it’s always better to run if you can. If there is any reasonable escape route or you’re already outside, just take off running and find help while shouting.
Yell “I’m being attacked, please help,” or “Call the police, they’re trying to kill me!”
The same is true if they have a bat, crowbar, or some other close-range weapon.
15. **Follow the instructions if the attacker has a gun and just wait.** If you’re being held at gunpoint, just put your hands up and do as the gunman asks. Running is dangerous, and leaping at your attacker is even more reckless. You really shouldn’t try to disarm a gunman unless there’s a serious risk that they’re going to pull the trigger or they’ve already done so.
Knowing when to attack a gunman is really difficult. In most cases, you’re better off not attacking unless they’ve actively shot at someone or they’re showing no signs of letting you go alive. Again, it is extremely dangerous to try and fight an attacker with a gun.
16. **File a police report after the incident to get the attacker convicted.** Whenever the incident ends, call the police as soon as you can. Describe the event in detail and give the police everything you know about the attacker. Try to remember any defining features, such as scars, marks, or tattoos. This will give the police a better chance at catching the person that attacked you. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Defend-Against-Weapon-Attacks-With-Martial-Arts", "language": "en"} |
How to Run Away With Your Boyfriend | The decision to run away with your boyfriend is not one to be taken lightly. This is a huge decision that will impact your life and his, and you should take your time to determine if it's the right thing to do. If you are certain, there are things that you and your boyfriend should do to prepare for this big step.
1. **Think long and hard about why you want to run away.** If you are young, it can be extremely easy to make decisions based on temporary emotions. Instead of packing up your things and fleeing your house in the heat of the moment, try to calm down before you make any big decisions. Your decision to run away will not affect only you, and it's important that you are fully confident in your decision before you take off.
Are you in a fight with your parents? When you live with your parents and you're not on good terms with them, it can be really unpleasant. However, working out momentary problems can be a much simpler (and cheaper) solution than uprooting your entire life.
If your boyfriend is convincing you to run away, think about if it's worth it. If your boyfriend loves you, he will not force you to change your entire life and leave your home to be with him. You have your entire life to support yourself, pay bills, and create a life with your partner, so why leave your home before you need to?
2. **Consider alternatives.** Running away with your boyfriend is a very drastic decision, and it's crucial to consider all other options first. If you are unhappy with something at home, such as a lack of privacy, strained relationships, or strict rules, try talking to your parents first. If you sit down and address the issues in a calm and mature way, you may be able to find a compromise without having to relocate with your boyfriend. If there are major issues, suggest family counseling. Counselors can teach you how to communicate with each other more effectively, and correct issues that may be causing volatility in your home.
3. **Talk honestly with your boyfriend.** You are making a huge decision with him, and it's important that you see each other as teammates. Talk to him openly about why you are running away, how you will handle certain obstacles, and what goals you have for your future together. Running away together can seem like a romantic fairytale, but there are real, unromantic problems that can arise.
Consider things like, will you two pay for everything 50/50? How will you handle it together if you run out of money? What will he do if he loses his job? To start a life together successfully, you both need to be committed, responsible, and motivated.
4. **Seek help from outside sources before deciding.** Talking to someone can help you evaluate your situation and determine if leaving home is the best thing for you to do. Talk to an adult you trust, like a relative, teacher, school counselor, or a friend's parents. If there isn't an adult that you feel comfortable talking to about your options, call the National Runaway Safeline (1-800-RUNAWAY) to talk to someone there about your situation. There are lots of resources you can call upon for help before you make the drastic decision to leave.
5. **Find a job.** If you and your boyfriend are running away, you will be taking on full financial responsibility. You may rely on your parents or other family members for financial help now, and sometimes you aren't even aware of how much help they provide. You will both need to find stable jobs, if you don't already have them. If you are still in school, you will need to work after class and on the weekends in order to support yourself.
Check Craigslist, Monster, Indeed, SimplyHired, and other job sites for job listings in the area you are going to.
Unless you have to leave in a hurry, it's best to line up your employment before you leave.
6. **Figure out a place to live.** Unless an incredibly generous friend or family member has offered you a place to live rent-free, you will need to find a new home. Keep in mind that the cost of living varies from place to place. For example, it is much cheaper to live in a small town than it would be to live in New York City. Search the web for available apartments or houses for rent, and figure out something that will fit into your budget. A good rule of thumb is that 30% of your monthly income should go to rent.
If you make $2,000 a month and your boyfriend makes $2,000 a month, you have a combined total of $4,000 to work with. Thirty-percent of $4,000 is $1,200, so look for apartments that cost that much or less.
Once you find a place to live, you will need to put down your deposit. Make sure you've set aside money for that before move-in day.
7. **Learn the skills you will need to live alone.** When you run away, you will be responsible for grocery shopping, cooking, doing laundry, and paying bills. If you already do these things or know how to do these things, you have an advantage. If you've never done these things before, it's helpful to learn before you leave in order to make your transition smoother.
Observe the things that your parents do around the house so that you understand all of the responsibilities you will have.
Read wikiHow articles on how to do basic tasks, like doing the laundry. Find simple recipes online to learn how to cook.
8. **Decide when you will leave.** Plan a date that you and your boyfriend will officially leave. If you can, plan a date far enough in advance that you can make all your arrangements before moving day. If you do not have the luxury of time, you will have to do the best you can to make all of your arrangements on short notice.
If you know that running away will cause a big commotion among your family members, make sure that only you and your boyfriend know your departure date. Try not to act suspicious as the day approaches.
9. **Determine how you will leave.** If you have a car, that's great. However, if the car is in your parents' name and you're leaving home without their support, this might be a problem. They may demand you bring the car back, or there could be legal consequences. If you bought the car yourself, there shouldn't be an issue. Don't forget to budget car insurance into your finances so that you're protected if anything happens. If you plan on flying, taking a bus, or taking a train, make sure you save money for that ticket in advance.
10. **Start saving money before you plan to leave.** Again, this is only if you have enough time. If you are running away from a bad situation and don't have time to save money, you can ignore this step. However, if you do have time to save a little nest egg before you do, it is very wise. Even the most frugal people with the strictest budgets can have unexpected expenses come up, so it's really smart to have money saved up just in case.
Start living frugally before you leave to save extra cash. Stop spending money on eating out, getting coffee, getting your nails done, and any other frivolous expenses. Instead, put all of that money towards your “running away” fund.
11. **Do your research about expenses.** If you live at home with your parents, you may not realize all of the various costs that you will face when you live with your boyfriend. For example, do your parents pay for your cell phone? Doctors bills? Do they purchase the things you use around the house, like laundry detergent, hand soap, toothpaste, paper towels, and toilet paper? All of these things add up, and you need to be prepared. Start writing down necessities that you will need to purchase once you leave, and calculate how much money you will need to allocate for different things.
When you start living on your own, you will inevitably have expenses you didn't plan for. That's okay! Do the best you can to prepare.
When in doubt, overestimate. It's better to allocate too much money for something that not enough.
12. **Make a budget.** The importance of creating a budget when you're living on your own and supporting yourself financially for the first time cannot be overstated. Once you've determined how much income you'll be getting and how much you'll be paying in rent, figure out how much money you'll need to set aside for things like utilities, gas (if you have a car), groceries, health insurance, and any other unavoidable expenses. Things like cable and Internet should only be considered after all of your necessities are covered.
Once you've created a budget, stick to it! If you know that you only have $100 a month for fun stuff, you probably can't say yes to every single invitation you get. You can't spend $200 on a shopping spree if you want to be able to pay your rent.
13. **Depart when your parents are gone.** Avoid a screaming match by sneaking out while they're away at work or out to eat. It can be tempting to make a dramatic exit, but that could potentially hold you up or make things trickier. Instead, just take your bags and slip out the door when the coast is clear.
If your parents don't leave the house often, or if you have a flight or bus to catch and your parents are home, try to leave discreetly when they're in another room or sleeping. Get creative to find a way out, if you must.
You can find a lot more information about executing the perfect exit here.
14. **Leave a note.** This help is optional, but it can be helpful to you. If you leave a note explaining that you've chosen to leave and have made arrangements, your parents may be less likely to call authorities. If you simply disappear, they could suspect foul play. By explaining that you left on your own and you have a plan, they'll at least have some information. They may try contacting you personally, and you can explain more then if you choose to.
15. **Avoid being found.** Don't bring your iPhone, iPad, or any smart electronic device with you. Your parents will be able to track these, especially if you're on a family plan. Do not use a credit or debit card either, as those can create a record of your whereabouts. Pay for things in cash, and buy a cheap pay-as-you-go phone once you hit the road. The less you use electronics, whether it be your iPhone or electronic payment, the less chance you have of leaving a trail to you.
Stay off social media. This seems obvious, but in a world of constant communication, it's tempting to post a quick status on Twitter, Facebook, or Instagram about your dramatic exit or plans for a new life. Don't! Any electronic information that you provide will help your parents or authorities track you down.
16. **Know that you can always go home.** Even if you're angry with your parents and they're angry with you, know that you always have the ability to go home. If you find yourself in trouble or if you're unable to support yourself, don't be afraid to go home and ask for help and forgiveness. Running away can be a scary and dangerous thing to do, and it can lead to bigger consequences than simply angry parents. Don't let a fight at home cause you to get in bigger trouble outside your home.
If you need help getting home, call the National Runaway Safeline at 1-800-RUNAWAY. Not only can they help you with the logistics of getting home safely, they can help you address the problems that caused you to run away in the first place. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Run-Away-With-Your-Boyfriend", "language": "en"} |
How to Treat Quadriceps Tendonitis | Your quadriceps tendon wraps around your knee cap and connects your quadriceps muscles on the front of your thigh to your lower leg bone. This tendon can become inflamed, typically as a result of overuse of the knee through activities that involve a lot of running and jumping. Symptoms include pain in your lower thigh just over your kneecap, particularly when using your knee, and joint stiffness, particularly in the morning. Surgery is rarely needed to treat quadriceps tendonitis, also known as “jumper’s knee.” Usually, your condition will improve with targeted exercises or physical therapy to strengthen your quadriceps, correct muscle imbalances, and improve the function of your knee joint.
1. **Take an over-the-counter anti-inflammatory.** Immediately after injury and for the first few days afterward, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce pain and inflammation in your tendon.
If you continue to have pain and inflammation after several days of taking these medications, see a doctor as soon as possible. You may have a more serious injury that requires different treatment.
2. **Tape or brace your kneecap while exercising.** Compression tape or knee braces, available at sporting goods stores or pharmacies, may keep your kneecap in better alignment so you don't have pain while exercising.
The brace used here is a softer brace that you slide up your leg and over your knee. They typically have a hole in the front for your kneecap to stick out.
This sort of treatment is more appropriate if you only have pain when using your knee. If you also experience pain while resting, it's a better idea to take a break from activity for a few days.
3. **Follow the RICE protocol.** RICE stands for Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation, and this is the first line of treatment for quadriceps tendonitis. Wrap a compression bandage around your knee to reduce swelling and place an ice pack wrapped in a towel on top of it. Then lay on a comfortable flat surface, such as a bed or couch, with your leg and knee raised.
Ice your knee for 20 minutes every 2 or 3 hours in the first 2 or 3 days after the injury. Using ice for more than 20 minutes at a time can burn your skin or result in nerve damage. Never fall asleep with an ice pack on.
This treatment is beneficial for the treatment of quadriceps tendonitis within the first 48 to 72 hours following the injury or initial onset of pain. If you still have pain and inflammation, talk to a doctor or physiotherapist.
4. **Apply heat after inflammation has subsided.** After 3 or 4 days of RICE therapy, the inflammation in your knee should be reduced to a significant degree. Switch from ice to heat to promote circulation in your knee and encourage the continued healing process.
As with ice, don't apply heat for more than 20 minutes at a time. Warmth can be applied for longer, but use your best judgment. If your skin starts to redden or feels painful to the touch, remove the heat source.
Soaking in a warm bath is a good way to provide healing warmth to your knee. Moist warmth works better than dry warmth because you don't risk dehydrating your skin.
5. **Adjust your training schedule to prevent overuse.** Particularly if you're training for a specific event, you may be inclined to return to the same level of activity once your knee starts to feel better. However, not allowing adequate time for recovery can worsen the injury.
If you have to take a break from training or exercise, get back into it slowly and gradually. You could further damage your knee by returning to activity at the same level you were at before the injury.
If you have a coach or trainer, work with them to develop a training regimen that will get you ready for upcoming events without risking further injury to your quadriceps tendon, or to surrounding muscles and tendons.
6. **Avoid activities that place stress on the quadriceps tendon.** What you do while recovering from quadriceps tendonitis is just as important as how long and how often you do it. Activities such as running and jumping can further aggravate your condition.
If these activities are an unavoidable part of your training, start slow under controlled conditions. For example, if you are a soccer player recovering from quadriceps tendonitis, return to training by running on a padded treadmill rather than on the uneven terrain of the soccer pitch.
If you feel pain with any of these activities, stop and provide RICE therapy to your knee. You may also want to switch to other training or conditioning exercises that don't put undue strain on your knee or your quadriceps tendon.
7. **Evaluate your choice of footwear.** If your shoes don't fit properly or are inappropriate for the surface where you're exercising, they can put undue stress on your joints and tendons. Make sure you're wearing the right shoes for your activity, and that they fit well and are in good repair.
If the tread of your shoes is worn, it may be time to get new ones. Most shoes are only "good" for a particular distance or amount of time. After that, any support and benefits you got when the shoes were newer will disappear.
If it suits your budget, go to a specialty store and get specially fitted for shoes that will best support your feet while performing your chosen activity.
8. **Schedule a physical exam to get a diagnosis.** To truly treat quadriceps tendonitis, you need a diagnosis and treatment plan from a qualified doctor or physiotherapist. Quadriceps tendonitis is not a condition that typically just gets better on its own.
The doctor will ask you questions to get a complete understanding of your knee problems, including a history of your knee pain, any prior injuries, and when you first started experiencing issues.
Most times, quadriceps tendonitis is diagnosed based on your history and a physical exam.
If necessary, the doctor may have X-rays or MRIs done on your knee to further assess your condition before making a final diagnosis.
9. **Undergo physical therapy for 4 to 6 weeks.** Recurrence of quadriceps tendonitis occurs more frequently when athletes don't allow enough time for recovery and rehabilitation before resuming their previous level of activity. Your tendon needs physical therapy to fully heal.
A physical therapist will prescribe exercises designed specifically for your injury, your normal activity level, and the activities to which you want to return.
If you're a more serious athlete who regularly works with a trainer or coach, your physical therapist may work with them to develop your rehabilitation plan.
10. **Try a single-leg bridge to identify muscle imbalances.** Lay on your back. Keep one leg straight, and bend the other so that your foot is flat on the floor. Activate your core and lift your torso until your body forms a straight line from your knee down to your shoulders. Hold the position for 10 seconds and think about which muscles you feel working the most.
The muscles you should feel working the hardest are your glutes. If you feel the exercise more in your back, hamstrings, or quads, this means one of two things: either you are compensating for a muscle imbalance, or you're not doing the exercise with correct form.
Check and correct your form as necessary, and do the exercise a few more times to see if you get the same result. If you still feel the exercise somewhere other than in your glutes, try some exercises to strengthen your glutes.
11. **Retrain your gait.** Muscle imbalances can cause an uneven gait that redistributes your body weight, placing more strain on the joints of one side of your body. If you're working with a physical therapist, they will assess your gait and see if you need assistance in this area.
Retraining your gait is not a short-term project. Particularly if you've gotten used to walking a certain way over the course of several years, it can take a long time to fix problems.
In addition to gait retraining, you'll also have to strengthen opposing muscles to correct the imbalance.
12. **Warm up before any activity.** Especially if you are recovering from tendonitis, warm up is essential to prevent further strain or injury. Even if you're just walking, engage in a little warm-up to get blood flowing to your muscles and get your body ready for activity.
Your warm-up should directly cater to the activity you're going to be doing. if you're running, your warm-up will be different than if you're lifting weights.
13. **Start with wall sits.** Stand with your feet about thigh-length in front of a wall, pressing your back into the wall. Keep your shoulders rolled back so that your shoulder blades are tucked in along your spine. Lower your torso so that your thighs are perpendicular to the floor. Your knees should be at right angles.
Hold the "sitting" position for 10 to 20 seconds, or as long as you can do so without knee pain. Raise back up and repeat 5 to 10 times, or as many as you can do comfortably.
This static exercise will gradually build strength in your quadriceps muscle, and is safe to do in most cases even while recovering from quadriceps tendonitis.
14. **Do static quadriceps contractions.** Lay down on a flat, sturdy surface with your affected leg extended in front of you, and your other leg bent at the knee. Place a hand on your thigh above your knee so you can feel the contraction. Then contract your quadriceps muscle by pulling your foot back toward you and hold the contraction for about 5 seconds.
Release and repeat 5 to 10 times if you can do so without pain or discomfort. You can do this exercise 2 or 3 times a day.
Static quadriceps contractions are good for increasing strength in your quadriceps if your tendon is too injured to bear weight.
15. **Stretch your quadriceps with the "runner's stretch."** Stand behind a chair, table, or another stable surface you can grip for balance. Lift the foot of your affected leg and grasp the top of your foot behind your buttock (or as far as you can comfortably go). Press your foot towards your buttock while breathing deeply.
Hold the stretch for 10 to 20 seconds, then release. Make sure to do the other side, even though it isn't injured. You don't want to create an imbalance.
You can do this stretch 2 or 3 times a day, or whenever your leg feels tight or your knee feels stiff. Don't press your foot further than you can without pain or discomfort.
16. **Go swimming instead of running.** Swimming is a low-impact exercise that you can do even while recovering from quadriceps tendonitis. It builds strength in your quads as well as the surrounding muscles to help you avoid quadriceps tendonitis in the future.
Swimming works your entire lower body, so can help correct muscle imbalances you may have developed.
17. **Try a yoga class.** Yoga is beneficial for all joints, and can also strengthen your knees and leg muscles. A gentle yoga class will gradually strengthen your leg muscles and core while also increasing flexibility and range of motion in your joints.
When you hold a yoga pose, your body sends blood and oxygen to the areas working the hardest. This can reduce inflammation and promote the healing process.
Make sure you choose a class that emphasizes form and proper alignment and provides accommodations if you can't get into the full pose right away. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Treat-Quadriceps-Tendonitis", "language": "en"} |
How to Plant Hibiscus | Hibiscus flowers are widely recognizable by their trumpet-like shape and dainty petals. The large blooms can be up to a foot wide and attract butterflies and hummingbirds to a garden. There are about 200 species of hibiscus, which vary in size, color and cold hardiness. Blooms may be white, red, pink, yellow, blue, purple or bi-color. Hibiscus can be used as a specimen shrub or to create a hedge, adding interest along a bare wall, screen an unsightly fence, or to create a tropical atmosphere by a swimming pool.
1. **Choose a type of hibiscus to plant.** Hibiscus come in a variety of colors and appearances, but what is more important than choosing the look of a hibiscus plant, is finding one that will thrive in your local environment. There are two general types of hibiscus bushes: tropical and hardy. Tropical hibiscus will grow in areas with warm weather and temperatures above 50 °F (10 °C) year-round. Hardy hibiscus are hybrids that have been developed to grow in cold areas whose temperatures may drop below freezing in the winter.
Tropical hibiscus have more plentiful blooms, but they die off after only 1-2 days. They are typically in shades of pink, peach, and purple.
Hardy hibiscus hold their blooms for longer than tropical hibiscus, but don’t have as many and are more ‘bushy’. They generally come in hues of red, white, and pink.
2. **Decide how you’re going to grow your hibiscus.** As with most flowering plants, there are three general ways you can grow your hibiscus: from seed, from a transplant, or from a cutting. Growing hibiscus from seed can be fun, because you can create an entirely new cultivar by crossing two existing varieties of hibiscus. On the other hand, growing from seed requires the most work, and may not be successful. If you’re looking for ease and immediate results, you should find a pre-existing potted hibiscus to transplant into your garden.
Growing from cuttings is the least likely to be successful, as it requires very specific conditions in order to work out. If you’re new to gardening or growing hibiscus, avoid growing from cuttings.
You may not have much variety of choice when growing from a pre-existing potted plant, as nurseries typically only carry a few varieties of hibiscus seedlings or transplants.
3. **Know when to plant.** As heat-lovers, hibiscus should not be planted until well after the winter season has ended. Wait until outdoor temperatures are consistently between 60–70 °F (16–21 °C) before considering planting. If the temperature drops to 55 degrees, the plant will stop growing. If it drops to 45 degrees or colder, the plant will die. This is less true for hardy varieties of hibiscus, but is still an important reminder of the necessity of heat for these plants.
Call your local agricultural extension for specific advice on when to plant in your area.
4. **Choose the perfect location.** Hibiscus are sun-loving plants, but they can’t handle too much direct sunlight without getting sunburned. Choose a location in your garden that gets 4-6 hours of direct sunlight a day, and ambient sunlight for the rest of the time. Typically this would be on the west or south side of your garden. The hibiscus can be shaded by larger trees if necessary, but will need space to spread out, as they may eventually take up two or three times the space of their original size.
Some hibiscus plants have lived over 40 years, meaning that you could be dealing with a very large bush. Make sure you find a permanent location for your hibiscus to start.
Try to find a location that has good drainage; water-pooling will drown out your hibiscus. On the other hand, avoid a location that is primarily sand.
Make sure to test the soil’s drainage and permeability before planting. To do this, dig a hole, pour a gallon of water in it, if the water doesn't disappear within an hour, then amend the soil to deal with the extra clay in it. If the water drains too quickly when you pour it in, then consider adding come clay.
5. **Amend the soil.** Hibiscus have picky soil requirements, so it is worth it to take time to amend the soil prior to planting them. Test the pH of your garden soil; hibiscus prefer acidic soil, so anything above 6.5 on the pH scale will have to be made more acidic. Additionally, you’ll need to supplement the soil with plenty of nutrients and fertilizer. Mix in a garden compost several weeks (or months, if you have the time) prior to planting. You’ll also want to add a fertilizer to the soil mix, that is low in phosphorus and high in potassium.
If the pH of your soil is too basic, add in peat moss to balance it out.
Common low-phosphorus/high-potassium fertilizers include a 10-4-12 mixture, or a 9-3-13 mixture.
6. **Dig your holes.** Use a shovel or gardening trowel to prepare your holes for planting. Each hole (for a single plant or hibiscus seed) should be as deep as the roots go, and at least twice, if not three times, as wide. The loose soil around the plant will allow for better drainage, and should not be tamped down. Plant each hibiscus plant at least 2–3 feet (0.6–0.9 m) away from each other.
In cold climates, plant the bulbs deeper than you normally would. In warm and soggy climates, plant the bulbs closer to the surface.
7. **Plant your hibiscus.** Carefully place each hibiscus plant into its own individual hole, being careful not to damage the root ball. Refill the hole with soil, going only as high as the base of the stem. Covering up the stems with soil could kill the plant over time. Give your hibiscus a heavy watering two to three times in a row immediately after planting to help reduce the risk of transplant shock.
8. **Water your hibiscus on a regular basis.** Try to keep your hibiscus plants moist, but not soaking wet. Make sure that the soil your hibiscus are in is damp at all times, as when it dries out, it can cause wilting and heat stroke in the plants. In the winter when the plant is dormant, only water when the soil gets very dried out.
Make sure that you wait one to two weeks before you fertilize the plants.
9. **Manage any pests.** It may be beneficial to add a layer of mulch to your hibiscus garden, as this will block out weeds and trap in moisture. Pull out any weeds on sight, so that your hibiscus are not forced to compete for space and nutrients. Tropical hibiscus tend to have issues with pest on occasion, more so than hardy varieties. If you notice spotting or decaying leaves, try using an organic insecticide to kill off any disease or bugs that are harming the hibiscus.
10. **Prune the plants** Although pruning sounds counterintuitive, it actually helps to promote new growth and causes more blossoms to appear. There are several methods of pruning, but they all work by cutting branches just above a node (leaf joint) at an angle away from the center of the bush. This will send a signal to the plant to grow more branches at this location, outwards and away from the center of the bush.
If any part of your hibiscus dies, you should do corrective pruning and cut it off. This will remove the unsightly part of the plant, and may even cause it to re-grow from scratch.
Never cut off more than ⅔ of a single branch at a time, as this can harm the hibiscus more than it helps.
11. **Enjoy the lovely flowers.** Hibiscus will produce flowers for many months, although each individual bloom will likely only last a few days. You can leave the flowers on the bush, or cut them and use them in tea or cooking. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Plant-Hibiscus", "language": "en"} |
How to Clean the Filter on Your Air Conditioner | The filter in your air conditioner can get pretty gross without regular cleanings, and a dirty filter doesn’t do as good of a job keeping dust, dirt, and debris out the air you’re breathing. Fortunately, cleaning the filter in your air conditioner is simple once you know what to do. Check out the steps below to learn how to clean the filter, how often you should clean it, and how to determine if your AC filter even needs to be cleaned in the first place.
1. **Determine if you can clean your filter.** Some air conditioners have filters that can be cleaned. But other types of air conditioners have filters that are meant to be disposed of after a given amount of time. Consult your air conditioner’s instruction manual to determine whether cleaning your air conditioner’s filter is an option.
If you have a replaceable filter on your air conditioner, replace it at least every 3 months.
2. **Turn the air conditioner off.** You should never clean your air conditioner’s filter with the air conditioner on. This will cause a rush of unfiltered air into your residence and cause your air conditioner’s evaporator coils and other internal parts to collect dirt and particulate matter.
Do not use your air conditioner until you’ve replaced the filter.
3. **Access your filter.** On large central air conditioning units, you should be able to locate your filter by looking along the return duct’s length. You might need to unscrew a few screws to access it. In small window-mounted air conditioning units, you’ll have to pop the front face of air conditioner off with a putty knife. In wall-mounted air conditioners, you might have to slide the front panel off in order to access the filter.
Consult manufacturer directions for more information on how to access your air conditioner’s filter.
4. **Use a vacuum cleaner for routine cleaning.** Just pop the filter out or unclip it (depending on the make and model of your air conditioner) and use the tube extension on your vacuum cleaner to suck all the grit and dust out of the filter. Replace the filter when you’ve finished cleaning it.
If you’ve taken good care of your air conditioner’s filter, you might not see a visible change in the filter when cleaning it. Rest assured, it is getting clean.
On the other hand, you might not be able to get all the dust and grit out of the filter. Just use the vacuum to suck up as much as you can.
This method is best for giving your filter its regular cleaning. However, if you're planning to wash your filter, you should still vacuum it first to remove any large particles.
5. **Rinse the filter for a deeper clean.** If, after you’ve vacuumed your filter, it still has a good deal of particulate attached, try washing it. To get started, remove your air conditioner filter. Mix one part vinegar and one part water. For instance, you might mix five cups of water and five cups of vinegar. Pour the mixture in a tub or a wide sink that can accommodate your filter.
Submerge your filter in the mixture for at least one hour. If it is exceptionally grimy, leave it in for two hours or more.
Drain the water and vinegar solution and dry the filter on a rack. Replace it when dry.
Instead of water and vinegar, you could mix a small amount of detergent or liquid dish soap into a volume of water that will cover your filter when it is submerged. You could also soak the filter for about 15 minutes in 1 l (34 fl oz) of water mixed with 30g of citric acid.
6. **Hose your filter down.** If the weather is nice and your filter is too large to fit in your sink, take your filter outside and lean it against a wall. Spray your hose on the filter. Do not use a pressurized hose nozzle or you might risk tearing or damaging the flimsy filter.
You could also hose your filter down in your shower. Just prop the filter up in your shower and, using your shower’s detachable showerhead, spray the filter’s entire surface, front and back, in a zig-zag motion.
After hosing your filter down, allow it to dry, then replace it.
For added effect, you could sprinkle a few spoonfuls of baking soda over your filter before spraying it down.
7. **Use the automatic cleaning function.** Some modern air conditioners might be equipped with a function that cleans the air filter for you. These air conditioners use an internal cassette and brush device to remove particles from the filter, then deposits the dust and particles in a small chamber from which they are blown outside. If your air conditioner has such a feature, set it to clean your filter regularly.
8. **Clean your filter regularly.** Different air conditioners have different filter cleaning requirements. Some filters need to be cleaned once every two weeks. Some manufacturers recommend cleaning just once every 30 days. Still others require cleaning only one to four times per year.
Consult your manufacturer’s directions for information about how often you should clean your filter.
You should clean your filter more frequently if you have pets or allergies, or if you’re using your air conditioner regularly.
9. **Discard your filter if necessary.** Despite your careful and regular cleaning, your filter will eventually wear out. If you notice any tears, holes, or damage to your filter, replace it with a new one.
You can buy an air conditioner filter at your local home appliances store or online.
10. **Clean the condenser coils.** Cleaning the condenser coils can make your air conditioner more efficient and improve its lifetime. If you have a window-mounted air conditioner, you’ll need to blow compressed air in short bursts at the back end of the unit (the part of the air conditioner that sticks out the window).
Alternately, use a soft-bristled brush to scrub between the grating of the air conditioner’s intake. Be careful not to bend any of the coil fins.
If you want to clean the condenser coils of your large central air conditioner unit outside, remove its outer case, then blow compressed air across its surface in short bursts. You could also choose to use an industrial-strength vacuum fitted with a soft-bristle brush attachment to suck the grime and dirt from where it has collected between the coils. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Clean-the-Filter-on-Your-Air-Conditioner", "language": "en"} |
How to Avoid Scams | Scams occur regularly when someone tries to gain access to your personal information or get money from you. Scammers will use certain tools to try and trick you, and they often do so through the mail, online, in person, or over the phone. There are a number of things you can do to avoid scams and keep your money and personal information safe. However, if you do fall victim to a scam, you can report it to various agencies and companies.
1. **Examine common practices.** A majority of scams follow similar types of fact patterns. This occurs because scammers know what works and what doesn't, and they try to scam you by doing what works best. First, scammers will use fear to try and get you to do something. For example, some scammers might say that a relative has been arrested and needs money. Second, scammers will try to rush you to make a decision quickly. The longer you think about what is happening, the more likely it is that you will not become a victim.
2. **Identify popular scams involving money.** Just as scammers use common practices like fear and panic, they will also use the same scams over and over again. If you can learn what types of common scams are out there, it will be easier to identify them and avoid them. Scams can take place online, over the phone, through the mail, and even in person. The most common scams include:
Advance fee scams, which occur when people tell you that you have won a lottery, or that you can invest in something, and all you have to do is pay a small fee upfront.
Charity scams, which occur when people tell you they are collecting money for some charitable cause. In reality, once you make a "donation," the scammers keep the money for themselves.
Internal Revenue Service (IRS) scams, which occur when people tell you that you owe money in taxes or that they need your personal information to make sure your taxes were filed properly. These people try to get money as well as personal information in order to steal your identity.
Phantom debt scams, which occur when people contact you pretending to be debt collectors. They will threaten you and tell you that you owe money that you do not really owe.
3. **Recognize possible phishing scams.** Phishing scams occur when individuals contact you claiming there is a problem with some account you might have (e.g., credit card accounts and loan accounts). They will tell you they can fix the problem, but they need to verify your personal information. Once they have your personal information, they use it to steal your identity.
4. **Get scam alerts.** One of the best ways to keep up-to-date on recent scam schemes is to get government alerts. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) offers an alert that is sent to your email periodically. The alert will give you tips and advice on how to avoid scams. If you want to sign up, you can do so through the FTC's website.
5. **Keep your personal information to yourself.** Because some of the most common scams attempt to gain access to your personal information, one of the easiest ways to avoid scams is to protect that personal information. Keep passwords, account numbers, and sensitive paperwork in a safe place. Do not keep this information on your phone where it can be found.
In addition, do not leave your mail somewhere where scammers might be able to get ahold of it. If you can, have your mail deposited directly into your home, as opposed to a mailbox. If you have a mailbox, take your mail out as soon as possible.
If you get a solicitation asking you for your personal information, never willingly give it out. Take extra steps to ensure the solicitation is legitimate before you move forward.
6. **Conduct online searches.** When you get mailings that ask for money or information, follow-up and do some research about the company or person asking for the information. Never assume a solicitation is legitimate. Try doing the following, which should help you avoid scams:
Type the company's or product's name into an online search. Use words like "complaint," "review," or "scam."
Search using phrases and sentences that describe your situation. For example, if you got a call from someone claiming to be from the IRS, search for, "IRS call asking for Social Security Number."
Look up the phone number that was used to call you. When you type the number into an internet search engine, some of the top results will usually tell you whether that number has been used for scams before.
7. **Call people back using genuine phone numbers.** In today's world, it is easy for scammers to manipulate caller IDs and phone numbers. Therefore, you should never trust the name and number as it shows up on your phone. If you get a phone call from someone, ask them for their name and the company they work for, so you can call them back. Once you get off the phone, look up that company's information online and only call back legitimate numbers found on reputable websites.
For example, assume you get a call from someone claiming to be from the IRS and they need some personal information. Instead of giving it to them right away, hang up the phone. Go online to the IRS's official website and find the customer service phone number. Call that number back and ask whether anyone would have called you asking for personal information.
8. **Avoid paying any money upfront.** A lot of scammers will request money in exchange for a promise to send you more in return. Scammers will usually tell you that you have won a prize and that you need to pay taxes or fees in order to collect the prize. They might also ask you to pay in advance for a job, debt relief, or for loan assistance.
However, you should never pay any money upfront. Check the legitimacy of these programs and solicitations before giving anyone anything. In general, once you give these individuals money, you will not receive the service or product you were promised.
9. **Think about the payment method being requested.** Scammers will request money from specific sources in order to avoid detection. Most scammers will request cash, money wires (e.g., Western Union), or prepaid credit cards (e.g., Vanilla). These payment methods are difficult to track and nearly impossible to reverse. No legitimate company will ask you to pay using these methods.
Most legitimate companies will ask you to pay using credit cards and personal checks. These payment options offer built in fraud protection and give you the ability to cancel charges and withhold money.
10. **Consult people you trust.** Before you give out your personal information or money, talk to someone you trust about what is going on. This could be friends, family, or professionals (e.g., a lawyer, a bank employee, or a government employee). Tell them about the solicitation and ask whether they have seen anything similar before.
Remember, scammers want you to move quickly without thinking. By stopping and talking to someone else, you are giving yourself a chance to avoid the scam.
11. **Read cancellation policies.** A lot of free trials will automatically turn into large monthly charges, and some trials will not even allow you to cancel for a certain period of time. Before you accept a free trial for things like television channels, weight loss supplements, or anything else, make sure you look over the company's cancellation policy.
A lot of companies will allow you to cancel at any time. However, these companies might continue to charge you until you dispute the charges with your bank.
In addition, a lot of companies will only give you the free trial if you agree to purchase more of the product or service at the end of the trial.
If you accepted a free trial of something, make sure you cancel in a timely manner and check your bank accounts regularly for suspicious charges.
12. **Avoid depositing checks from people you don't know.** A lot of scammers will offer you a large amount of money by check if you send a smaller amount of money in cash or through a wire. However, the check you receive will usually be fake. While a bank may accept the check upfront, it will always be uncovered as fake at some point. When that time comes, it will be your responsibility to repay the bank.
Therefore, never accept a check from someone you don't know without first checking it out.
13. **Keep suspicious solicitations.** If you gave out your personal information or gave a scammer money, you will want to report the scam to the proper authorities. When you contact various reporting agencies, they will want to look over any evidence you have regarding the scam. Therefore, if you received any suspicious mailings, got any voicemails, or were handed any paperwork in person, keep it.
This information will help identify the source of the scam and what they are attempting to do.
14. **Take detailed notes.** In addition to keeping documents you received, you will also want to take your own notes of what is happening. These notes will help you remember details when it comes time to report, and it will help you describe the scam accurately. For example, if you contacted someone regarding the scam, write down who you contacted, what you talked about, how long the conversation was, and what the outcome of that conversation was. If someone called you asking for money or personal information, write down the number they called from, who they said they were, and what they asked for.
15. **Ask for help.** If you have friends or family who witnessed the scam take place, or who have seen the emails or other solicitations, ask them to write a brief statement about what they saw. These statements can help back up your story and provide additional information that you may have missed. Additionally, if you know others who were victims of the same scam you were, ask them to report the scam with you. The more people you can get to join you, the more seriously your complaints will be taken.
16. **Call your local police department.** If you have been scammed and you gave out personal information or money, the first thing you need to do is contact your local police department. The police department will be able to do the most for you personally, because they will investigate if a crime occurred and attempt to get your money back.
When you contact the police, they will want as many details as possible to help them investigate the scam. Provide them with your notes and any documents you received throughout the scam's life.
17. **File a report with the Better Business Bureau (BBB).** The BBB is a resource that consumers use to look up common scams and scams that have happened recently. When you file a report with the BBB Scam Tracker, you will not receive an individual response. The Scam Tracker allows you to tell your story, so others might be able to avoid the trap you fell into. To file a Scam Tracker Report, visit the BBB's Scam Tracker website. They will ask you for the following information:
Information about the scammer (e.g., the business's name, the person's name, their phone number, their website)
Information about the scam (e.g., how you were contacted, what was being asked for, what did they say happened, whether you lost money)
Your personal information (e.g., your age, where you live, your name)
Attachments of things you received from the scammer
18. **Use word of mouth.** Email or call your friends and tell them what happened to you. In doing so, you can help others avoid scams and possibly find people who received the same scam information as you did. As word spreads, you might get information about who is responsible, what others did to report the fraud, and what could possibly be done as a group to help catch who is responsible.
19. **Track down the proper agency to contact.** While most agencies will not be able to help you individually, any information you provide in a complaint is used to track scammers and take action against them. The agency you contact will depend on the scam you were a victim of. Some examples of common scams and who you would contact to report them include:
Most types of fraud - contact the FTC.
Mail fraud - contact the U.S. Postal Inspection Service.
Identity theft - contact the FTC.
Bank fraud - contact the Financial Fraud Enforcement Task Force.
20. **Visit the proper government agency's website.** Using the information you found while tracking down possible government contacts, you need to visit the agency's website and determine how a complaint can be filed and what information you will need to provide. For example, if you want to file a complaint for most general types of fraud (e.g., a lottery scam or a gift scam), you would visit the FTC's Complaint Assistant website. From there you can read about the types of scams they cover, how you can report a scam, and how your complaint will be handled.
Use this information to determine how you want to proceed and file your complaint.
21. **File an online complaint.** Most agencies will allow you to file a complaint quickly and easily online. Each agency will proceed differently, and each agency will ask for different information. Follow the directions on each website to successfully submit your complaint. For example, if you use the FTC's Complaint Assistant, you can file a scam complaint by doing the following:
Selecting a category of scam, you were the victim of (e.g., identity theft, scams and rip-offs, credit and debt)
Clicking a sub-category of scam (e.g., counterfeit checks, imposter scams, prizes and lottery scams, romance scams)
Telling the FTC how you were contacted (e.g., over the phone, in person, through the mail)
Detailing the scam (e.g., how much were you asked to pay, how much did you pay, how did you pay, how did you respond to contacts, did you try to contact the scammers)
Providing information about the company or person that scammed you (e.g., their name, address, phone number)
Giving the FTC your information so you can be contacted if the FTC wants more information
22. **Call to report the fraud.** A lot of agencies will allow you to report a scam over the phone if you do not have regular access to the internet. You can find the agency's phone number online or by asking someone with access to the internet. For example, if you need to report mail fraud, you can contact the U.S. Postal Inspection Service at 1-877-876-2455. Once prompted, you can press "4" to report the fraud.
When you file a complaint over the phone, you will give the agency information very similar to that you would give them using the internet.
23. **Mail in a complaint.** If you prefer sending a hard copy through the mail, most agencies will offer it as an option. This could be useful when you have documents and solicitations that you would like the agency to have. For example, if you want to file a complaint with the U.S. Postal Inspection Service, you can mail a letter that contains information similar to that you would provide online. In addition, if you have other documents, make sure you attach them to your letter.
You will then be able to mail the complaint to the address provided, which for the U.S. Postal Inspection Service, is the "Criminal Investigations Service Center, Attn: Mail Fraud, 222 S. Riverside Plz, Suite 1250, Chicago, IL, 60606-6100." | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Avoid-Scams", "language": "en"} |
How to Transfer House Title | When you convey property to someone else, you are transferring ownership of that piece of property. You can transfer ownership of property from yourself to someone else in many ways. For example, you might sell your property, gift your property, or pass you property down after your death. To complete the conveyance, you will need to transfer title to that property to the person taking over ownership. To transfer title, you will need to prepare a deed, execute that deed, and record it.
1. **Know what a deed is.** A deed is a legal document that transfers ownership in property from one individual to another. There are different types of deeds you can prepare depending on who you are transferring the property to and how much you want to protect the party getting ownership. A deed must be in writing and must contain certain information in order to be valid.
2. **Consider a general warranty deed.** Before you prepare the deed, you need to figure out what type you will use to convey your property. One option is the general warranty deed. A general warranty deed conveys the property in question, as well as a number of covenants of title. These covenants are promises by the seller ("grantor") to the buyer ("grantee") that the grantor is transferring their entire interest in the property to the grantee.
A general warranty deed guarantees against any acts or omissions on the grantor's part or on the part of any predecessors (i.e., previous owners) that might undermine the quality of the title.
If you are using a general warranty deed to convey your property to a grantee, you are making the following promises:
You, as the grantor, are promising that you are the lawful owner of the property at the time of conveyance;
You are promising that the property is free from all encumbrances; and
You are promising to defend the title so that the grantees can enjoy peaceful and quiet possession of their property.
Consider using a general warranty deed when you are selling property to someone unfamiliar to you. Buyers will generally not accept anything less if they do not know who they are buying the property from. Use a general warranty deed only when you feel comfortable with the property's ownership history, because you will be responsible for protecting the new owners if a problem from the past comes up.
3. **Think about a special warranty deed.** A second deed option, the special warranty deed, is similar to the general warranty deed. However, you are only promising to protect the title against defects that arose through your own acts or omissions.
In other words, if you use this type of deed, you are not warranting against defects or claims that arose before you acquired ownership of the property.
You can use a special warranty deed when you are selling property to someone unfamiliar to you. While some buyers may be wary because you are not using a general warranty deed, others will be content getting the protections offered by a special warranty deed. Use a special warranty deed when you don't feel comfortable with the property's history before your period of ownership.
4. **Know about the quitclaim deed.** The third deed option, the quitclaim deed, transfers any ownership interest you may have in the property. However, it does not make any promises about what that interest is, if any.
Quitclaim deeds are often used to clear up title problems, to transfer property between spouses, or in informal transactions involving family or friends.
5. **Identify the grantee.** After commencing an action to transfer your ownership interest in a piece of property, whether by selling it, gifting it, or transferring it at death, you will need to prepare a deed. The first requirement of a valid deed is a satisfactory identification of the grantee, which is the person getting title to your property. In general, you will need to include their name only. In some states, you will be required to include their address and other identifying information as well.
The grantee can be one or more persons, a corporation, nonprofit, or any other entity.
For example, your deed might identify the grantee in the following way:
"This general warranty deed made and entered into on this ____ day of _______, _____, for the consideration of $______, and other valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, ______________ (hereinafter "Grantors"), hereby warrants to ______________ (hereinafter "Grantees")..."
6. **Identify the grantor.** A valid deed must also identify the grantor, or the person transferring ownership of the property. In general, you will only need to include their name.
The grantor can be one or more persons, a corporation, a limited liability company, or any other entity.
For example, your deed might identify the grantor in the following way:
"This general warranty deed made and entered into on this ____ day of _______, _____, for the consideration of $______, and other valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, ______________ (hereinafter "Grantors"), hereby warrants to ______________ (hereinafter "Grantees")..."
7. **Provide a description of the property.** After identifying the parties you are required to describe the property at issue. This description must be sufficient to identify the property for legal purposes. The best place to find the legal description is on the most recent deed to the property (the one that conveyed the property to the current owner). The legal description should be preceded by words such as "described as follows." Descriptions found in property tax records, as well as street addresses, are not legally sufficient and should not be used. There are usually two types of legal descriptions you should use:
Lot and block descriptions, which are most often used in subdivisions. It will most often refer to a lot, the block number, the subdivision name, and the county and state.For example, a lot and block description may look like this: "Lot 9, Block 58, Scott Lake Manor Section 8, according to the plat thereof, as recorded in Plat Book 65, at page 117 of the public records of Miami-Dade County, Florida."
Metes and bounds descriptions, which are most often used for non-subdivision property. This type of description identifies the property within a public surveying system. The boundaries are then described by working around a piece of land, starting with the "point of beginning."For example, a metes and bounds description might look like this: "Commence at the NE corner of the East 1/2 of West 1/2 of NE 1/4 of SW 1/4 of Section 17, Township 1 North, Range 12 West and run South 0 degrees 03'08" E, 28 feet to the South right of way line of Silver Lake Road and the point of beginning; thence continue S 0 degree 03'08" E, 409.67 feet; thence N 89 degree 54'41" W, 314.69 feet to the East line of a 20 foot easement..." This description would continue until it gets back to the point of beginning.
8. **Include words of conveyance.** All deeds are required by statute to have words of conveyance included within the document. Words of conveyance show the grantor's intent to transfer title to the grantee. The words of conveyance will differ depending on what type of deed you are using.
For example, if you are using a quitclaim deed, your words of conveyance may be "convey and quitclaim." If you are using a general warranty deed, your deed may read "convey and warrant." Finally, if you are using a special warranty deed, you may insert "convey and specially warrant."
9. **Sign the document.** A valid deed must contain the signature of the grantor. There is no requirement that the grantee sign the deed as well.
10. **Acknowledge the deed.** Once the deed has been prepared, you will need to have it acknowledged if you want to record it. An acknowledgement is a statement that the deed was actually signed by the person whose signature appears on it. In most cases, an acknowledgement will be performed by a notary who can certify the signature on the deed.
If you are the grantor, do not sign the deed until you are in the presence of the notary.
11. **Deliver the deed.** A deed is of no effect and is not valid until it is delivered. In this context, delivery means much more than simply handing the deed to the grantee.
The grantor must have the intention, at the time of delivery, to pass title immediately. This intention is not present, if, for example, you give a deed to John but you tell him not to record it until you die.
Delivery will be presumed if the deed is found in grantee's possession or if the deed has been recorded. However, this presumption is rebuttable.
The deed will be presumed to have been delivered as of the date on the deed.
12. **Accept the deed.** When the grantor validly delivers the deed, the grantee must accept it. Acceptance can be shown by words, acts, or conduct of the grantee showing their intent to accept.
For example, a deed will be considered accepted if you, the grantor, hand a valid deed to Debbie and Debbie shouts, "I accept your conveyance."
13. **Visit your county recorder's office.** The act of recording serves the purpose of notifying subsequent buyers and people with claims against the property that ownership has been transferred. To record a validly prepared and executed deed, you will need to take the deed to the county recorder's office in the county where the property is located.
The name of this office may vary, depending on what state you live in. It may be called the land registry office, registrar of titles, or register of deeds.
14. **File the deed.** Once you arrive at the county recorder's office, you will file the deed with the clerk. The clerk will take the original deed and will give it a book and page number according to the piece of property at issue. The clerk will then file the deed in both a grantor and grantee index.
15. **Pay the required fee.** When you record your deed, there will be a required fee. In most states, the fee will be based on how may pages you are filing. For example, in Palm Beach County, the first page costs $10.00, with each additional page costing $8.50. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Transfer-House-Title", "language": "en"} |
How to Cure a Hydrocele | A hydrocele is fluid-filled sac within the scrotum of a male — essentially a backup of fluid around one or both testicles. The condition is relatively common, with an estimated 5% of baby boys born with one. They can also develop in older children or adult men due to an infection or injury to the scrotum. In most cases, hydroceles are not harmful and tend to go away on their own, without treatment, but scrotal swelling should always be evaluated by a healthcare provider to rule out other causes. Curing a persistent hydrocele typically requires surgery, although some home remedies may also help.
1. **Try an Epsom salt bath.** If you notice a painless swelling in your testicle(s)/scrotum, take a very warm bath with at least a few cups of Epsom salt added. Relax in the tub for between 15 – 20 minutes with your legs slightly spread, so that the water engulfs your scrotum. The warmth of the water can stimulate the movement of body fluids (which may help unblock a blockage) and the salt can pull fluid out through your skin and reduce swelling. Epsom salt is also a rich source of magnesium, which helps to relax muscles/tendons and soothe any tenderness.
If there is pain associated with your hydrocele, then exposing your scrotum to warm water (or any source of heat) may create more inflammation and make your symptoms worse.
Don't make the bath too hot (to prevent scalding) and don't sit in the tub for too long (to prevent dehydration).
2. **Recognize the signs and symptoms.** The first indication of a hydrocele is a painless swelling or enlargement of the scrotum, representing a collection of fluid around one or both testicles. Babies rarely have complications from a hydrocele and the vast majority disappear before the age of 1 without treatment. In contrast, men with hydroceles may eventually experience discomfort as the scrotum swells and gets heavy. It can create difficulty sitting or walking/running in extreme cases.
Pain or discomfort from a hydrocele is generally correlated to its size — the bigger it gets, the more likely you are to feel it.
Hydroceles tend to be smaller in the morning (upon waking) and then get more swollen as the day progresses. Straining may cause certain hydrocele's to increase in size.
Babies born prematurely have a greater risk of having hydroceles.
3. **Be patient** In the vast majority of cases among baby boys, teenagers, and men, hydroceles go away on their own without any specific treatment. The blockage or congestion near the testicle(s) resolves itself and the hydrocele drains and gets absorbed into the body. Thus, if you notice an enlarged scrotum and it's not painful or causing problems with urination or during sex, give it some time to resolve itself.
For baby boys, hydroceles usually fade away on their own within 1 year of being born.
For men, hydroceles often gradually disappear within 6 months, depending on the cause. Larger ones may take more time, but shouldn't go beyond 1 year without medical intervention.
However, in children and adolescents, hydroceles can be caused by infection, trauma, testicular torsion, or tumor, so these conditions must be excluded by examination from a doctor.
Hydroceles are similar to fluid-filled ganglions that form in tendon sheaths near joints and then gradually disappear.
4. **Avoid trauma to the testes and STDs.** The cause of hydroceles is unknown in baby boys, although it's thought to be a backup of fluid from poor circulation due to the baby's position in the womb. In older boys and men, however, the cause is usually related to trauma to the scrotum or an infection. Trauma can occur from wrestling, martial arts, cycling, and various sexual activities. Infections in the testes/scrotum are often related to sexually transmitted diseases. Therefore, protect your scrotum from trauma and practice safe sex.
If you play contact sports, always wear an athletic supporter with a plastic cup to protect your scrotum from injury.
Always use a new condom when having sex in order to significantly reduce your risk of infection. STDs don't always infect the testicles, but it's not uncommon, either.
5. **Know when to seek medical treatment.** You should seek medical attention for your baby boy if his swollen scrotum doesn't disappear after a year, or it continues to get larger. Men should see their doctor if a hydrocele persists for more than 6 months, or if it gets big enough to cause pain/discomfort or disfigurement.
A testicular infection is not the same as a hydrocele, but it can cause one secondarily. Testicular infections are very painful and should be treated because they increase your risk of infertility. Always seek medical treatment if you experience scrotal swelling and fever.
It's also time to see your doctor if the hydrocele is affecting the way you run, walk, or sit.
Hydroceles don't directly impact fertility.
6. **See your doctor for an examination.** If the hydrocele persists for longer than normal or it's causing pain and other symptoms, then see your family physician for an examination. Hydroceles are not serious, but your doctor will want to rule out other relatively serious conditions that can appear similar, such as: an inguinal hernia, varicocele, infection, benign tumor or testicular cancer. Once a diagnosis of a hydrocele is made, your options are essentially all surgical. Medications are not effective.
Your doctor will start with a physical exam to check for tenderness or signs of a hernia. They may use diagnostic ultrasound, an MRI, or a CT scan to better visualize what's going on inside the scrotum.
Shining a bright light through the scrotum can reveal if the fluid is clear (indicating a hydrocele) or murky, which could be blood and/or pus.
Blood and urine tests are helpful to rule out infections, such as epididymitis, the mumps, or various STDs.
7. **Get the fluid removed.** Once the hydrocele is diagnosed, the least invasive procedure is to have the fluid drained from the scrotum by a needle, which is called aspiration. After a topical anesthetic is given, a needle is inserted into the scrotum to penetrate the hydrocele, then the clear fluid is removed. If the fluid is bloody and/or pus-filled, then that indicates an injury, infection, or perhaps cancer. This procedure is very quick and doesn't require much recovery time — usually just a day or so.
Needle drainage of a hydrocele is not done all that often because the fluid usually accumulates again, requiring more treatment.
Sometimes the needle has to be inserted through the inguinal (groin) area if the hydrocele has formed higher in the scrotum or partially outside of it.
8. **Have the entire hydrocele surgically removed.** The most common and effective way of dealing with a persistent and/or symptomatic hydrocele is to remove the hydrocele sac along with the fluid — called a hydrocelectomy. This way, there's only about a 1% chance of the hydrocele developing again. The surgery is either performed with a scalpel or a laparoscope, which has a tiny camera attached to a long cutting device. Hydrocele surgery is typically done at an outpatient clinic under general anesthesia. Recuperation can take up to a week or more, depending if the abdominal wall has to be cut into.
With babies, surgeons usually cut into the groin (inguinal region) to drain the fluid and remove the sac. Stitches are then used to strengthen the muscle wall — which is essentially the same as a hernia repair surgery.
In adults, surgeons often cut into the scrotum to drain the fluid and remove the hydrocele sac.
After a hydrocelectomy, you might need a tube inserted into your scrotum to drain any excess fluid for a few days.
Depending upon the type of hydrocele, surgical repair may be recommended to decrease the risk of a hernia to the area that is cut off from blood supply.
9. **Take it easy while recovering.** Recovery from a hydrocele operation is relatively quick in most cases. Otherwise healthy people can typically go home a few hours after surgery — it rarely requires staying overnight in a hospital. Kids should limit their activity (no rough stuff) and get extra bed or couch rest for about 48 hours or so post-surgery. Adults should follow the same advice, as well as delaying sexual activities for up to a week just to be on the safe side.
In most patients following a hydrocele operation, normal activity can restart after 4 to 7 days.
Potential complications from surgery to look out for include: allergic reaction to anesthesia (breathing problems), bleeding within or outside the scrotum that won't stop, and potential infection.
Signs of bacterial infection include groin pain, inflammation, redness, a foul odor, and possibly a mild fever. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Cure-a-Hydrocele", "language": "en"} |
How to Put on a Horse's or Pony's Rug | A rug is like a blanket for horses and ponies and is designed to keep them warm in the chilly winter months. When putting the rug on a horse, be sure to fasten the straps securely, and not leave any dangling free. Make sure that your horse is tied up while you’re putting the rug on. If you’re inexperienced, have a more experienced rider nearby to supervise in case of an accident.
1. **Secure the horse in place with a headcollar.** To prevent the horse from moving off while you’re putting the rug on, put the headcollar over the horse’s head and fasten it in place. Tie the headcollar’s lead rope to a wooden beam.
In the U.S., headcollars are known as halters.
2. **Fold the rug in half and lay it over the horse’s back.** Walk to the horse slowly when you’re carrying the rug, and approach from the front so the animal can see you. Place the material over their back slowly and gently. Aim to set it directly in the center of the horse’s back. If you carelessly throw the rug over, it might frighten the horse or pony.
In the U.S., rugs are commonly known as blankets.
Use slow movements to avoid scaring or startling the animal. Avoid throwing your arms up or moving suddenly.
Make sure that the rug is facing the right way on the horse, so that the front and back of the rug are oriented towards the front and back of the horse. If the rug is on backwards, flip it around before you’ve fully unfolded it.
3. **Unfold the rug on the horse’s back.** Spread the folded rug out once it’s in place on the horse. The rug should cover the horse’s entire body, from their withers all the way back to their rear. It should hang a few inches below the horse’s belly while still allowing the animal to move freely.
4. **Fasten the breast straps in front of the horse.** Reach around the top of the horse’s neck and bring the rug together in front of the animal’s body. Fasten the breast straps together using the buckles or clips attached to the rug. Fasten these straps first in case the horse or pony panics and tries to run away. If it does panic, the rug will slip backwards and the horse can step out of it without damaging the rug or harming itself.
Note that the breast straps should easily overlap in the front and there should be enough room for you to put your hand between the rug and the horse.
After you have fastened the breast straps, slide the rug backwards, so that it is farther down your pony’s neck, this makes the rug more comfortable for your horse or pony.
5. **Fasten the surcingles.** These cross under the horse’s or pony’s belly and fasten to the rug on the opposite side. Start with the surcingle on the front-right of the horse. Bring it back across the horse’s belly and fasten it on the rear-left side of the rug. Then bring the right-rear strap and fasten it at the front-left of the rug.
When fastening the surcingles, avoid making them too tight around the horse’s stomach. You should be able to fit a fist between each strap and the animal’s belly.
Make sure that the straps are in good working order to prevent one from falling off, which could cause the horse to get its leg caught in it.
It may be helpful to have someone help you so you don’t have to crouch beneath the horse/pony to grab the surcingles in order to pull them under the horse to the side you’re standing on.
6. **Fasten the leg straps around your horse’s legs.** Before they’re fastened, the long leg straps will hang down from the left side of the rug. Tuck the rear leg strap through and behind the horse’s legs, and fasten it to the clasp on the right-rear side of the blanket. Thread the front leg strap through the animal’s legs and fasten it back up on the left-rear side of the rug.
Do not stand directly behind the horse when fastening the leg straps. If startled, it may kick out with a hind leg.
Rugs that are designed for ponies typically do not have leg straps. If you’re putting a rug on a pony, you can skip this step.
7. **Fasten the fillet string under the pony’s tail to keep the rug secure.** Smaller rugs designed for ponies typically don’t have leg straps. Instead, they have a fillet string which fastens underneath the pony’s tail. Lift up the base of the pony’s tail and, under the tail, connect the fillet string from the left side of the rug to the right side. There should be a clip or clasp to hold the string in place.
The fillet strap will function in the place of leg straps to hold the pony’s rug in place.
8. **Place the horse’s tail beneath the tail flap.** Rugs for full-sized horses typically have a tail flap instead of fillet string. The tail flap keeps rain off of the tail and allows the horse to pick its tail up when it moves.
Tail flaps, compared to fillet strings, are mostly cosmetic and not necessary to hold the rug in place.
9. **Turn your horse or pony out to pasture.** Take one more walk around the horse or pony and make sure that all of the straps are snug and firmly fastened in place. At this point, the rug is in place and the horse is ready to spend a day outside in the cold weather. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Put-on-a-Horse%27s-or-Pony%27s-Rug", "language": "en"} |
How to Diagnose and Treat Blood Clots in Cats | If you have a cat, it's important to be able to spot the signs of a blood clot in order to potentially save its life. Blood clots in cats are very serious, as they can block blood flow in the body and lead to paralysis or death very quickly. They need to be treated right away in order to give your cat a chance of survival. If you know the signs to look for and you know to get your cat to a veterinarian immediately if you see them, it is more likely that your cat will get effective treatment and survive this horrible illness.
1. **Notice if your cat is having trouble walking or moving its legs.** In many cases of blood clots in cats, the clot eliminates blood flow to the back legs. This makes it impossible for the cat to move its back legs. If you notice that your cat can't walk all of a sudden, take it to a veterinarian immediately.
This inability to walk can begin with abnormalities in the cat's gait or lameness. If you notice that your cat is walking strangely, keep an eye on the cat and get it seen by a veterinarian as soon as possible.
2. **Look for the signs of lack of blood flow.** If your cat has a blood clot it is likely that it has lost some of its blood circulation. Look for bluish or pale nail beds and foot pads, as well as areas of the body that are cooler than others.
If your cat has lost its ability to move its back legs, feel the legs. If they feel cooler than the rest of the cat's body, then they may not have blood flowing through them.
3. **Assess your cat for other symptoms of blood clots.** If you suspect that your cat has a blood clot you should assess it for other symptoms as you take it to be seen immediately by a veterinarian. It is likely that a cat with a blood clot will also present with some of these symptoms:
Vomiting
Pain (especially in the legs)
Difficulty breathing
Anxious temperament
Vocalizing, such as by crying, continuously meowing, or groaning.
4. **Keep an eye on cats that have a history of cardiomyopathy or blood infections.** Cats that have a history of heart problems or problems with their blood are more likely to suffer from blood clots. For example, a lack of proper blood flow through the heart can lead to the formation of clots, which then travel through the body and block blood flow once they lodge somewhere. If your cat has had one of these medical problems, keep a close eye out for the symptoms of blood clots.
If your cat has been treated for cardiomyopathy or blood infections, discuss the risk of clots with your veterinarian. Make sure that the veterinarian is giving your cat medication that can help minimize the threat of clots in the future and testing your cat regularly for problems that could cause clots.
5. **Bring your cat to a veterinarian immediately.** If you spot the signs of a blood clot in your cat it is important that you get it veterinary care immediately. You should literally pick your cat up and drive it to be seen by a veterinarian without delay. Getting prompt veterinary care can help to increase the likelihood that it will survive a blood clot.
Go to an emergency veterinary hospital if your normal clinic is closed or the veterinary hospital is closer.
6. **Give your veterinarian a thorough health history of your cat.** When you bring your cat in for an emergency you may not be able to take it to its normal veterinary office. If this is the case, be sure to tell the veterinary staff all about your cat's health history, including any medications the cat is on and any serious illnesses it has had.
If you can't remember everything about your cat's health history, don't feel bad. Just do your best so that the veterinarian can have as much background information as possible. It is also a good idea to mention to the staff that you think your cat has a blood clot.
7. **Allow your veterinarian to proceed as they see fit.** If your cat is very ill the veterinarian will likely take the cat away to be assessed immediately. They will begin lifesaving procedures and do testing to find the root of the cat's health problem. Allow them to do all of these things so that your cat has a better likelihood of surviving its illness.
The veterinarian is likely to do testing on your cat's heart, usually including x-rays. They may also do testing to assess the blood flow in your cat's body. The staff will likely do bloodwork on your cat as well.
8. **Approve immediate medical treatment.** When your bring your cat into a veterinary office or emergency pet hospital for blood clots, it is likely that the staff will want to give your cat immediate care. Allow the veterinary workers to take your cat immediately and begin treatment to save your cat's life.
This immediate treatment usually includes testing of your cat's body functions to find out what is wrong and giving your cat medications, such as pain relievers and clot-dissolving drugs, if they suspect your cat has a clot. Surgery to remove the clot may also be required.
9. **Give continuing treatment.** Once your cat has one clot, it is likely that it will get another and it is likely to be in a lot of pain while recovering. Discuss the ongoing treatments that your veterinarian prescribes in order to decrease the likelihood of your cat having another episode and to increase the likelihood of your cat recovering from its illness.
Ongoing treatment may include a variety of medications depending on your cat's health. However, it's likely you will be giving your cat medications that thin the blood, for instance clopidogrel or aspirin.
If your cat recovers from a clot, it will need frequent check ups and tests to monitor its condition.
10. **Focus on making your cat comfortable.** In some cases of blood clots, the cat will lose mobility due to the blood clot. It is especially common for them to lose movement in the back legs. In these cases, you will need to help your cat to stay comfortable and you may even need to help it use the bathroom when it needs to go.
It's important to let a recovering cat relax and mend in a quiet and stress-free environment.
Discuss your cat's prognosis with its veterinarian and ask about exercises or movements that you can do with your cat to help its mobility. Some cats that have blood clots will never regain the use of their back legs again.
11. **Be realistic about your cat's chances of recovery.** Only about one third of cats affected by blood clots survive the first clot. Even if your cat does survive the first clot, it may die from subsequent episodes or associated health problems. With this in mind, you need to be aware that if your cat has a blood clot, it may not survive.
In severe cases of blood clots, if your cat is very ill, in pain, and not likely to recover, the veterinarian may suggest euthanasia. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Diagnose-and-Treat-Blood-Clots-in-Cats", "language": "en"} |
How to End a Long Term Relationship | Ending any relationship is hard, but ending a long term relationship is even harder. Since you have been in a relationship for so long, your lives are more intertwined and your feelings will likely be deeper. However, there are ways your can handle the situation if you are ready to end your long term relationship.
1. **Tell your partner as soon as possible.** You may want to delay the breakup because of how hard you know it will be, but this is not going to help the situation. Staying with your partner after you know you want to leave them is not helpful to you or your partner or considerate of either of your feelings. Just drum up enough courage to end your relationship. It will be better for everyone.
This doesn't mean that you should not take your time in thinking about your decision. You cannot undo a breakup easily once it is gone.
2. **Do it face to face.** Although it may seem appealing to end your relationship where you don't have to see your partner's face, this is a childish and harmful way to end a relationship, especially a long term one. It will be hard to tell your partner in person, but given how long the two of you have been together, your relationship deserves more respect than that.
Don't leave a voicemail, write them a letter, tell them over the phone, or tell them through email or social media. These are cowardly and hurtful.
3. **Pick the right time.** There is never a good time to end a relationship, but there are better times than others to break the news. Avoid telling your partner right before leaving the house, before you or your partner has to go to work, or at other busy times.
This will not give you and your partner adequate time to deal with the situation and give the breakup the attention it deserves.
You should also avoid telling them in public.
4. **Be firm in your decision.** You made the decision to end your long term relationship for a reason. When you tell your partner, you need to stand firm in your decision to end it. Let them know that you are unhappy and that you are not interested in trying to make it work.
If you know that your relationship will not last, make sure you don't give in to any pleas made by your partner. You are just delaying the inevitable ending to your relationship.
5. **Practice your delivery beforehand.** You are going to be emotional in the moment when you break up with your partner. Practicing what you are going to say before you talk to your partner will help you feel more prepared. You will be able to think through everything you want to say so it will come out right.
You can even write it down or type it out first so you can get your thoughts in order.
6. **Be honest.** When you end your relationship with your partner, make sure you are honest. Don't avoid telling your partner exactly why you feel you need to move on and end the relationship. This will only cause problems for you and your partner in the long run.
This doesn't mean you have to be harsh. Honesty does not have to be damaging to your partner's feelings.
7. **Stay calm.** One of the worse things you can do is get riled up and tense when you are getting ready to breakup with your long term partner. This will make the situations even more stressful for you. The process is not going to be easy, but stressing about it is not going to change it.
Take time to relax as you decide the best way to tell your partner. You want to explain your reasons for breaking up with a clear head and calm demeanor. This may be difficult, but it is possible.
If you are extremely stressed, do something that relaxes you, such as reading or listening to music.
8. **Focus on the present.** There is no reason to bring up the past when you are breaking up with your long term partner. The reasons that you want to break it off are current and about how your relationship is now. Don't bring up how your relationship used to be or any old fights while telling your partner it's over.
This will just add salt to wounds and make the breakup that much harder.
9. **Don't be passive aggressive.** Avoid changing your behavior in order to get your partner to end the relationship first. This will end up making the breakup nastier than it needs to be. Approach the situation like an adult and be honest with your partner instead of trying to make them break up with you.
Avoid being overly aggressive or petty towards your partner and don't make life miserable for both of you. This will help no one in the long run.
10. **Avoid blaming your partner.** You don't want your breakup to turn ugly, so avoid placing blame on anyone in the relationship for its failure. Relationships are complicated and never black and white, so try to focus on breaking up with them in a way that does not place blame or sound accusatory.
If there is a reason for you breaking up with your partner that is not your fault, such as your partner cheating on you, still try to take the high road. Blame and bitterness will only make the breakup harder.
11. **Keep your private affairs to yourself.** In the modern technology age, people have a tendency to overshare. When you are going through your breakup, avoid slamming your partner on any social media platform. This will only make the breakup get ugly. You want to give your partner and your relationship its due respect.
You can talk to your friends about your breakup, but do so on the phone or text message instead of public social media accounts.
12. **Know it will take time.** A breakup, especially of a long term relationship, will not happen over night. Considering that your lives have been intertwined for so long, there is no easy break from them. You and your partner will probably have mutual friends, possessions, and routines that will make it tense and awkward for awhile.
Your routines and life will change when your relationship is no longer a factor. This will take time to adjust to.
You will also have lingering feelings, even if you are no longer in love with your partner. You may be emotional for awhile after the breakup as you cope with these lingering feelings.
13. **Focus on other things.** One of the best ways to move on is by focusing your attention on new things. This way, you are doing things that can't remind you of your partner or your breakup. This will help you heal, with the added bonus of enriching your life.
Trying new things will help you to heal. Start a new project, join a yoga class, or take an art class. Just find something you enjoy that you can focus on.
14. **Rely on your family and friends.** After a breakup, you will need to lean on those around you. Even when you are the one who broke off the relationship, it will be emotional. Lean on your family and friends when you're feeling down or upset about your breakup. This will give you the support system you need to heal.
Spend more time with your friends and family, go out more, or talk to them on the phone. This will help you feel connected and loved when you're feeling down.
15. **Go easy on yourself.** You will likely not go back to being 100% happy and healthy right after a breakup, especially a long term one. When you're feeling down or stressed because of the breakup, don't beat yourself up or try to snap out of it right away. It will take time to heal.
You need to give yourself time to grieve your relationship in healthy ways so you can move on. If you push down your feelings, you may have some issues later on.
Your friends and family will understand that you need time to regroup and heal.
16. **Take care of yourself.** As you cope with your breakup, you need to take care of yourself. Take time to cope and process your life without your partner. Your feelings will likely be complicated and intense, even if you are the one who ended things. Make sure you pay attention to your own mental and physical health while you heal.
Don't let go of your healthy lifestyle just because you had a breakup. Keep eating healthy and exercising like your normally would.
If you didn't exercise or eat right before, consider changing your routine to include healthier habits so you can be healthier after your breakup. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/End-a-Long-Term-Relationship", "language": "en"} |
How to Diagnose Histrionic Personality Disorder | Histrionic personality disorder (sometimes abbreviated to HPD) involves behavior that is centered on drawing attention to themselves in an often dramatic or very emotional way. Histrionic personality disorder is grouped with other personality disorders that involve problems with emotional regulation and impulse control. When seeking a diagnosis, work with a mental health professional, such as a psychologist, who can also provide treatment and support.
1. **Identify attention-seeking behaviors.** A person with histrionic personality disorder may dress or act in certain ways as a means to gain attention. For example, they may dress in an overly seductive way, or wear outrageous clothes or costumes as a way to seek attention. These people may attend events or social situations in which they can easily be the center of attention. Often, the behavior may be interpreted as inappropriate, over-the-top, or overly seductive.
Behavior may be overly theatrical or purposefully flamboyant as a way to get people’s attention. For example, a woman guest may wear a wedding dress to another woman’s wedding, or a man may show up in an animal costume to a formal event.
Someone with HPD may frequently dress inappropriately or in an attention-getting way, like by wearing revealing or seductive clothing to work, or putting on lots of jewelry or makeup.
These people are often considered the “life of the party.” They may be viewed as charming or charismatic.
2. **Recognize an overly dramatic response to problems.** A person with histrionic personality disorder may respond to minor problems as if they are major or life-threatening. Instead of finding solutions, this person may exaggerate the severity of the problem or create other problems where they do not exist. Even minor problems provide the opportunity to create drama, which allows the person to draw more attention to themselves.
For example, a person may date someone for one week and when the relationship does not work out, they may threaten suicide.
Instead of taking responsibility, the person may blame other people or external factors for their own problems.For example, if the person’s business fails due to negligence and poor decision making, they may blame staff, location, bad customers, or other external factors.
The person's behavior or reactions may be so intense or attention-grabbing that it may frighten, embarrass, or otherwise put off the people around them.
3. **Note excessively dramatic speech.** This person may speak very dramatically or emphatically. They may express strong opinions. Yet, when pressed, this person may be hesitant to respond or avoid giving details to provide any sort of evidence for the opinions. The person may appear more concerned with expressing the opinion than supporting it.
For example, the person may have very strong and controversial beliefs, such as saying that all countries should be communist or that having children should be regulated by the government. When asked why, they may not give a direct answer or provide any reasons for these beliefs.
They may inject themselves into conversations with a strong, opinionated statement - such as suddenly interrupting a meeting at work to say that the current project will make the company will go bankrupt.
4. **Notice self-centered behavior.** A person with HPD may seem to be overly focused on themselves, wanting to talk about themselves or their thoughts, without showing much concern for other people's perspectives or problems (and may even minimize them). As a result, someone with HPD may have strained relationships and others may view them as selfish, uncaring, or insensitive.
5. **Be alert for impulsivity.** A person with HPD might constantly seek out high-energy situations or events, and do things without forethought to get attention. They may also have strong or harsh reactions to things without considering how their actions might affect other people, which can strain their relationships.
6. **Observe shallow emotions.** A person with histrionic personality disorder may be overly dramatic, yet may be shallow or unable to relate to others in their own personal emotional experience. Emotions may change rapidly and others may perceive the individual as disingenuous or insincere.
For instance, the person may mention feeling extremely upset about something, but later become almost euphoric, as though the upsetting event never happened. They may seem to feel their emotions in very shallow extremes.
It may seem to others like the person is constantly acting out their emotions or faking their feelings or responses, like they're putting on a performance.
Does the person appear difficult to relate to? If you bring up a problem, does this person make it about themselves instead?
7. **Recognize a need for reassurance or approval.** This person may want assurance that they are accepted by others. The individual may check in on their social status, or do things to purposefully gain attention from others or create a reaction. As a result, this person may be easily susceptible or prone to peer pressure. They may also be easily influenced by other people’s opinions.
This person may say, “I know that Jordan hates me, but you think I’m a good friend, right?” To gain approval, this person may do things like buy gifts to gain acceptance, or put down other people to make themselves look better.
This person may be overly sensitive to criticism or disapproval. This may result in an emotional explosion or blaming others.
8. **Identify an overestimation of closeness in relationships.** Someone with histrionic personality disorder may believe they have many close friendships when in reality, people are more acquaintances or shallow friends. This person may also overestimate the level of intimacy in romantic relationships. The behavior can get in the way of truly intimate relationships.
This person may act overly familiar with strangers or acquaintances.
Someone with HPD may make inappropriate advances on others, such as propositioning coworkers or people they hardly know, or broaching professional boundaries (e.g. trying to befriend their psychiatrist).
9. **Notice discomfort in being ignored.** Fear may exist around being ignored, so the person may create attention around themselves. This person receives social validation by gaining the attention of others. If this person is not in the center of attention, they may feel uncomfortable or unappreciated. They may respond to feeling uncomfortable by doing something outrageous to feel comfortable again.
When thinking about this person, do you notice that they crave attention and cannot be without it? How does this person respond when ignored or overshadowed?
10. **Note if the person is easily bored.** Someone with HPD may become restless with routines or mundane activities and frequently seek out excitement. They may frequently change things up or drop activities or projects midway through, and struggle with delayed gratification. It may seem like they thrive on excitement or drama, and can't be without it.
Someone with HPD may constantly switch from job to job, friendship to friendship, and relationship to relationship as a means of excitement.
11. **Discern between histrionic personality disorder and anxiety disorders.** People with anxiety disorders may catastrophize about problems, and act as if they are much more serious than they really are. They also may need lots of reassurance from others. However, there is usually no desire to be the center of attention.
For instance, someone with illness anxiety disorder (hypochondria) may frequently go to the doctor over little things, but this is because they genuinely think they're sick, not to get attention.
Anxiety can often co-occur with histrionic personality disorder.
12. **Distinguish histrionic personality disorder from narcissistic personality disorder (NPD).** HPD and NPD can both involve attention-seeking behavior, self-centeredness, difficulty handling criticism, and trouble with empathy. However, NPD involves feelings of grandiosity and an inflated self-importance, and the person doesn't require attention to feel validated. Signs of NPD include:
Heightened feelings of importance, entitlement, or talent
Fantasizing about power, importance, intellect, or attractiveness
Manipulating others for their own gain
Wanting others to think of them as important or be jealous
Notable lack of empathy
13. **Differentiate between histrionic personality disorder and borderline personality disorder (BPD).** HPD and BPD may involve intense relationships, behavior viewed as attention-seeking, and explosive reactions. Unlike in HPD, someone with BPD tends to have a negative self-image, feels their emotions very intensely, and may see situations or relationships in black-and-white. Signs of BPD include:
Fear of abandonment, taking action to avoid being abandoned, and struggling to trust other people
Idealization (thinking the best of someone) and devaluation (thinking the worst of someone) in interpersonal relationships
Intense, hard-to-control emotions
Confusion or uncertainty over their sense of self (unstable identity)
Dissociation
Constantly feeling empty or hollow
Self-injurious behavior and/or suicidal thoughts or intent
14. **Know the difference between histrionic personality disorder and dependent personality disorder.** Both histrionic and dependent personality disorder involve an intense need for approval, rapidly-progressing relationships, and "clingy" or seemingly attention-seeking behavior. However, someone with dependent personality disorder tends to avoid the theatrical or seductive behavior of HPD, and is often more inhibited due to fear of abandonment. Signs of dependent personality disorder include:
Feeling unable to take care of themselves or be independent
Difficulty in making any decisions independently; having others make decisions for them
Frequently seeking support, reassurance, or comfort from others
Struggling to disagree or voice opinions that are different from others; being a people-pleaser
Fear of not being in a close relationship, or of being abandoned
15. **Obtain a psychological evaluation.** A psychologist may diagnose histrionic personality disorder through use of evaluation and observation. Personal, medical, and family history will be discussed. The psychologist may assess the frequency, duration, and severity of the symptoms. Common factors to assess include behavior, appearance, and personal history.
It can be important to assess a person’s social and romantic history to gain insight on how they relate with others.
16. **Identify onset.** Histrionic personality disorder is most often diagnosed in the late teens or early 20s. Adolescents commonly display behavior that is immature or dramatic, yet this behavior typically decreases and is replaced with more mature or socially adaptive behavior and emotional regulation. If the behavior increases or does not improve into adulthood, then histrionic personality disorder may be considered.
Histrionic personality disorder is more often diagnosed in women than men, however, this may reflect socially acceptable roles and not the actual prevalence of histrionic disorder in the general population. For example, a woman who is more sexually forward may be considered outside the norm, while this may be considered normal behavior for men.
17. **Note co-occurring disorders.** Many people with histrionic personality disorder may experience depression and/or anxiety as a result of their conflicts with others or after a failed romantic relationship. They may also feel depressed when not the center of attention or when alone. Sometimes, treatment is sought to cope with the depression.
Substance use is common in those with histrionic personality disorder.
If a person uses substances that affect their functioning, substance treatment may be necessary.
18. **Be aware that there's no known cause of histrionic personality disorder.** Although there are no direct links associated with histrionic personality disorder, there may be some probable causes or associated traits. For example, genetic influences and early childhood experiences may contribute to the experience of this personality disorder.
Childhood experiences might include learning behaviors or responses from adults. This could be unpredictable attention given as a child. A child may become confused when feedback is inconsistent or when they don’t know how to interpret when parents are pleased. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Diagnose-Histrionic-Personality-Disorder", "language": "en"} |
Scorpio and Scorpio Compatibility: Love, Sex, and More | So you’ve found another Scorpio, but is it the right match? Scorpios are mysterious and magnetic personalities, and it’s no surprise that you might be falling for one. You probably already know that Scorpios can be pretty intense—after all, Scorpio is the sign of passion. If you’re trying to figure out if this intensity can lead to a strong relationship, look no further. We’ve got you covered with this guide on whether Scorpios are compatible with each other.This article is based on an interview with our astrologer and performance artist, Angel Eyedealism. Check out the full interview here.
1. **No one understands the depth of a Scorpio like a Scorpio.** Although Scorpios can sometimes be a bit too intense for other people, to another Scorpio, this ease with the darker sides of life feels like home. As a couple, two Scorpios together are a force to be reckoned with.
Whether it’s their shared interest in the unsolved mysteries of the world, their deep sense of emotional intelligence, or their intense sex life, Scorpios intuitively get one another.
2. **Scorpios can have a pretty volatile relationship.** Ruled by Pluto, Scorpios approach most things in life, including relationships, with a sense of caution. This can make the early stages of a relationship tough as each partner struggles to trust the other, but if they can avoid bringing out the worst in each other, Scorpios can form a solid bond.
3. **Scorpios find their passion for sex reciprocated in another Scorpio.** Ruled by Pluto and Mars, both of which are associated with sex, Scorpios are rarely in short supply of admirers. When a Scorpio catches on to the same sexy and intense energy another Scorpio radiates, there’s bound to be more than a little chemistry.
4. **In the bedroom, things are exciting.** Scorpios are intense lovers, without too many boundaries and with a high sex-drive. Two Scorpios can look forward to a having a partner that’s just as passionate as they are between the sheets.
If you’re in one of these relationships, try stepping off the gas sometimes when it comes to sex. To grow your bond, don’t be afraid of the occasional tender and lowkey cuddle session.
5. **Scorpios can talk about almost anything.** Almost no topic is off-limits for two Scorpios, which can allow them to bond pretty easily. Water signs are emotionally intelligent, and Scorpio is no exception. Two Scorpios can understand each other on an instinctive level.
Don’t be afraid of talking about the darker parts of yourself and the world with a Scorpio, whether they’re tragedies around the globe or some of the things you’ve done that you’re ashamed of.
6. **The only thing they won’t talk about is themselves.** A Scorpio might have an obsessive need for privacy and control in their relationships, which can be tough to deal with. Each Scorpio will need to work to get the other to open up, so that they don’t end up reinforcing this tendency in one another.
If you’re in a Scorpio-Scorpio relationship, understand that your partner likely has the same fears about showing weakness as you do.
To emotionally connect, take the first step of being vulnerable with them—another Scorpio will appreciate how big a move that was for you.
7. **Trust is tricky between two Scorpios.** On the bright side, a Scorpio can naturally understand another Scorpio’s deep moods, strange passions, and overwhelming obsessions. Although other signs might be put off by this kind of personality, a Scorpio may find this to be relatable.
8. **Scorpios can be paranoid, which hurts trust.** Scorpios often doubt the intentions of other people, and when two Scorpios meet, this effect is doubled. Each partner will have to put up with mistrust in the relationship, especially in the early stages.
Body language is important when earning a Scorpio’s trust. When communicating, look the other Scorpio in the eye and be accountable and upfront. Seeming suspicious will make a Scorpio feel distrustful.
9. **Scorpios are interested in the same aspects of life.** The mysterious, the paranormal, and the darker sides of the world are all topics that a Scorpio can talk about for hours. With their keen sense of emotional intelligence and strong analytical capabilities, conversations between two Scorpios are never boring.
Scorpios are intelligent, and this makes them fierce debaters. Fights between two Scorpios aren’t uncommon, especially when both sides see these fights as a power game.
Working on communication skills and slowing down the pace of a heated discussion can keep things civil.
If you’re looking for things to talk about with your Scorpio partner, try bringing up unsolved mysteries or watching a detective show together. Scorpios are master sleuths, and it can be a lot of fun piecing clues together.
10. **Two Scorpios together are a powerful duo.** Two Scorpios can understand each other instinctively, sometimes without even the need for words. Both partners are at ease with intensity and power, and at their best, they have a bond that’s fiercely passionate and capable of taking on anything the world might throw at it.
11. **Even so, communication is still key between Scorpios.** The intensity and passion of a Scorpio needs to be reined in, or it could threaten the relationship. If each Scorpio can make their feelings and boundaries clear to the other, they can keep distrust and obsession at bay, and find a beautiful partnership with someone who sees them for who they are. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Are-Scorpios-Compatible-with-Each-Other", "language": "en"} |
How to Uninstall Facebook Messenger | This wikiHow teaches you how to delete the Facebook Messenger app from your iPhone or Android. Deleting the Facebook Messenger app will automatically sign you out of Messenger on your smartphone, but you'll still be able to chat with Messenger users by using the Facebook website. If you want to remove yourself from Facebook chat completely, you'll have to delete your Facebook account as well.
1. **Find the Facebook Messenger app icon.** This app icon resembles a blue speech bubble with a white bolt of lightning in it. You'll find it on one of your iPhone's Home Screens.
2. **Tap and hold the Messenger app icon.** Doing so will cause all of the apps on the screen to begin shaking.
3. **Tap X.** It's in the top-left corner of the Messenger app icon.
4. **Tap Delete when prompted.** This will remove the Facebook Messenger app from your iPhone.
You can re-download Messenger from the App Store for free if you like.
5. **Open Settings .** Tap the Settings app icon, which resembles a white gear on a light-blue background.
On Samsung Galaxy phones, the Settings app icon resembles a stylized, white gear on a purple background.
6. **Tap Apps & notifications.** It's near the top of the menu, though you may have to scroll down to see this option on some phones. Doing so opens a list of your currently installed apps.
On some phones (such as a Samsung Galaxy), this menu just says .
7. **Select the Facebook Messenger app.** Scroll through your available apps until you find the Facebook Messenger app, then tap it.
You may have to tap or before you can find the Facebook Messenger app.
8. **Tap UNINSTALL.** It's usually near the top of the screen.
If you just see here, tap it instead.
9. **Tap UNINSTALL or OK when prompted.** This will remove the Messenger app from your Android.
10. **Open the Google Play Store.** Tap the Google Play Store app icon, which resembles a multicolored triangle on a white background.
11. **Tap ☰.** It's in the top-left corner of the screen. A pop-out menu will appear.
12. **Tap My apps & games.** This option is in the pop-out menu. Doing so opens a list of your Android's apps.
13. **Tap the INSTALLED tab.** You'll find this at the top of the screen.
14. **Select Messenger - Text and Video Chat for Free.** Scroll down until you find the option, then tap it. Doing so opens the Messenger app page.
15. **Tap UNINSTALL.** It's at the top of the Messenger app page.
16. **Tap OK when prompted.** Doing so will confirm your choice and remove Facebook Messenger from your Android. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Uninstall-Facebook-Messenger", "language": "en"} |
How to Identify Wasps | Wasps are one of the most misunderstood insects out there. In fact, most people picture one kind of wasp—the yellowjacket—when they think of a wasp! In reality, they’re one of the diverse groups of insects out there, and there are all kinds of different wasp species. While you can certainly narrow down which species you’re looking at by inspecting its colors, markings, and hive, you really don’t want to get too close. Unlike bees, wasps do not die when they sting, so keep yourself safe by inspecting from a distance!
1. **These are the most common (and most aggressive) wasps out there.** These are social wasps, so you may seem many of them in one location. These bugs are usually ⁄8–⁄8 inch (0.95–1.59 cm) in length, and they have distinctive yellow and black patterns. They create small nests with honeycombs all over them, often in trees, shrubs, attics, and lawns. Yellowjackets are the most common North American wasp, but they’re pretty aggressive, so stay away!
Yellowjackets tend to be extremely assertive when it comes to defending their hive, so don’t walk underneath a hive to take a closer look if you’re trying to identify them. Generally, they tend to be the most aggressive in the late summer and fall.
Yellowjackets are foragers, and they’ll eat just about anything. As a result, they tend to harass people when they’re eating outside, and they can swarm a trashcan if you leave the lid off outside.
When many people use the word “wasp,” they’re picturing a yellowjacket.
2. **European paper wasps are social wasps, but they aren’t very aggressive.** They look very similar to yellowjackets, since they have nearly-identical black and yellow markings. They’re often around ⁄4 in (1.9 cm) in size, and they’re social wasps so you’ll see a bunch of them hanging around the hive. The best way to spot a paper wasp is to look at the hive. They build bulky paper-like structures, usually high up on buildings or in trees.
Yellowjackets and European paper wasps look basically the same; you’ll need to find the hive to differentiate them.
Unlike yellowjackets, European paper wasps are fairly calm. They can sting if they feel threatened, but they won’t blindly attack out of nowhere the way yellowjackets can.
While they’re known as the European paper wasp, they’re actually extremely common in North America.
3. **These wasps are mostly dark brown, with very subdued yellow markings.** Like the European paper wasp, they’re social and they build paper-like structures high up on buildings and in trees. They’re a little bit bigger than their European cousins though, and are usually ⁄4–1 ⁄4 in (1.9–3.2 cm) long. They also tend to be less aggressive than many wasp species, and the male Northern paper wasp won’t even sting! Usually, these wasps won’t present much of a problem.
Northern paper wasps are most common in the eastern half of the United States and Canada.
4. **These intimidating wasps are large, solitary hunters.** As their name suggests, these wasps survive by hunting cicadas and laying their larvae inside. As a result, if you see a flying insect grappling or attacking a cicada, it’s probably a cicada killer. These wasps are larger, and grow up to 2 inches (5.1 cm) in length. They’re black and dark brown, with yellowish markings and reddish wings.
If you’re wondering why there are a bunch of cicada carcasses in your yard, one of these wasps may be to blame. These wasps burrow in the ground and live totally alone, so you may not even know it’s there!
These wasps will sting if you bother them and they can be fairly aggressive, so don’t get too close!
5. **European hornets look like big yellowjackets but with a reddish head.** These bugs grow up to 1 ⁄2 in (3.8 cm), making it the largest native hornet in the United States. They’re social, but they typically hide their nests by building them inside of hollow trees, attics, or abandoned structures so you may not know where they’re coming from. The best way to spot one of these is by their behavior; they’re one of the only wasps that are active at night and attracted to light.
If you spot a wasp flying against your window late at night when the lights are on, there’s a good chance it’s a European hornet.
These wasps will aggressively attack anyone who comes near their nest. Unfortunately, since their hives are rarely visible, you may find them swarming you out of nowhere. If you think you’ve got a hive nearby, hire an expert to handle this problem.
6. **There are many mud daubers out there, but they all look and behave similarly.** Mud daubers are solitary, and they’re rarely aggressive towards people. These are some of the easier wasps to identify because they look fairly odd compared to other wasps. They’re usually ⁄4–1 in (1.9–2.5 cm) in length, but they’re incredibly thin. They also have a pronounced “waistline” (called a petiole), so their abdomen and stinger almost look like disconnected from their upper body. They may look kind of freaky, but they’re mostly harmless.
Mud daubers build their nests out of mud and dirt. Their nests tend to be on the smaller side since these wasps are solitary.
Some mud daubers will build organ-shaped nests that look like a sequence of parallel tubes.
7. **These hornets are almost entirely black, with whiteish-yellow accents.** These white/yellow markings only appear on their upper bodies, so a black abdomen is usually a giveaway. These wasps are often ⁄2–⁄4 in (1.3–1.9 cm) in length, and they’re social so you may see a lot of them swarming around their nest. They often build their nests high up in trees, and their hives look like football-shaped structures of paper.
These wasps actively attack other aggressive wasp species, and they won’t attack people unless you get within a few steps of their nest. Since their nests are often high up off of the ground, these are usually helpful insects to have around.
8. **Also known as murder hornets, these invasive wasps are huge.** They’re often 2 inches (5.1 cm) in length or bigger, but they have a massive 3 in (7.6 cm) wingspan. They’re the world’s largest hornet, and they tend to freak people out when they come across them. With distinctive orange and black markings, these hornets are pretty hard to miss. Their stings are very painful, but they won’t attack you unless they feel threatened.
These wasps are social and live in nests, but they build them underground in secluded areas.
In North America, these wasps are currently only found in Washington and Northwest Canada. They’re extremely common in Asia, though.
This species is invasive, meaning that they’re actively harmful to the ecosystem. If you stumble across Asian giant hornets, call a professional to eradicate them.
If you live outside of Washington state, Asia, or British Columbia and you see these wasps, contact your state’s agricultural department and reach out to the nearest university extension program. If these wasps keep spreading, they may cause some serious damage.
9. **These odd wasps burrow underground, and they’re common in gardens.** There are a few different digger wasp species, but they’re generally darker with bright yellow or orange markings on their abdomens. They’re solitary, so you won’t see a bunch of them—unless you’ve got a healthy garden! These wasps hunt grubs that feed on healthy plants, so if you see them, don’t kill them. Digger wasps look frightening to some people, but they very rarely attack people.
Digger wasps are usually around 1 in (2.5 cm) in length.
10. **These solitary wasps build nests entirely out of grass.** There are a few subspecies, but the odd bundle of grass they use to make their nests is a telltale sign you’re looking at a grass-carrying wasp. They’re usually around ⁄4 in (1.9 cm) in length, and they’re shiny black. They won’t attack people, and they’re generally considered beneficial bugs since they help spread pollen.
Grass-carrying wasps tend to build their nests in odd locations. You may find them in your gutter, storm drain, or windowsill. Some of them even build their nests on the ground, out in the open for anyone to see! | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Identify-Wasps", "language": "en"} |
How to Put Foundation on with Your Hands | Makeup brushes and sponges can be expensive, and you probably don’t carry them with you on the go. Using your fingers as a makeup brush is considered a little controversial in the makeup community, but it can actually make your foundation look more flawless and less cakey. Always make sure your hands are clean and dry before you use them to apply makeup to keep your skin healthy and clear.
1. **Wash your hands with soap and water.** Since you’re using your hands to put on your makeup, it’s important to make sure they’re clean and dry. Using hand soap and water, lather up your hands for 20 seconds, then rinse them and pat them dry with a towel.
Putting on foundation with dirty hands can clog your pores and potentially give you acne.
2. **Cleanse your skin and pat it dry.** Get your skin wet and lather on a mild skin cleanser. Rinse it off with lukewarm water and then pat your face dry with a clean towel.
Just like your hands, your skin can pick up a lot of dirt and germs throughout the day. You always want to start with a clean base when putting on makeup.
3. **Rub moisturizer into your skin and let it soak in.** Pat a few drops of face moisturizer onto your skin and use your fingers to rub it in. Wait for about 1 minute to let the moisturizer soak in, or until your face doesn’t look shiny anymore.
Putting on moisturizer before foundation will lock in hydration to avoid drying your skin out.
Even if you have oily skin, you should use moisturizer to balance out the moisture levels in your face. This can even cut down on the amount of oil that your skin produces.
4. **Pat a makeup primer into your skin.** Squeeze out 2 to 3 pea-sized dots of makeup primer and smooth it onto your skin. Use your fingertips to gently pat the primer into your skin, focusing on your T-zone, or your cheeks, nose, and forehead.
Pick a primer that’s good for your skin type. For example, if you have oily skin, you might choose a primer that cuts down on oil and shine. Or, if you have dry skin, you might pick a moisturizing primer to reduce flakiness throughout the day.
Makeup primer helps to close your pores and create a smooth, even base for your makeup to go on top.
Your T-zone produces the most oil throughout the day, which is why you need to focus on that area for your primer application.
5. **Squirt a dime-sized dot of liquid foundation onto the back of your hand.** If you’re going to apply your foundation with your hands, stick with liquid foundation for an easier application. Squirt out a little bit onto the back of your non-dominant hand to start with. If you need more, you can always add some later on.
Liquid foundation is the easiest to smooth out with your fingers. Powder and stick foundation tend to create streaks on your face if you don’t use a brush.
6. **Dip your pointer finger into the foundation.** Carefully dip your pointer finger into the foundation you poured onto the back of your hand. Try to only pick up a little bit of the product to start with. It’s always better to use too little than too much!
For faster coverage, use both your pointer finger and your middle finger at the same time.
7. **Apply dots of foundation all over your face.** Using your finger to apply the foundation, pat dots of it all over your face. Focus on the center of your face, including your nose, your cheekbones, and your forehead.
Anytime you need more product, use your finger to dip into the foundation on the back of your hand.
If you’re going for a full coverage foundation, apply more. If it’s a light coverage foundation, apply less.
8. **Smooth the foundation onto your skin from the middle outwards.** Take both your hands and start wiping the foundation away from the middle of your face, starting from your nose and blending outwards. It should kind of feel like you’re applying moisturizer and rubbing the product into your skin. Make sure you smooth all the way up your forehead and a little bit down your neck, as well.
The smoothing motion will rub the foundation into the creases and contours of your skin, making it look more natural.
9. **Pat the foundation with your fingertips to set it.** Once your foundation is in place, go over it lightly with your pointer finger and middle finger in a tapping motion. Focus on any areas that might look streaky still to smooth them out and set your foundation into your skin.
As your foundation settles and dries, it will adhere to the contours of your skin and look more natural. If you think it’s looking a little strange, give it 5 minutes to dry and then take another look. You might be surprised at how much better it looks!
10. **Finish your look with concealer and powder.** Now you can move onto the rest of your makeup look! You can pat concealer onto any blemishes, finish your face with powder, or leave your foundation as-is for a light coverage, natural look.
If you’re using a concealer, go with liquid concealer and apply it with your fingertips the same way you applied your foundation. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Put-Foundation-on-with-Your-Hands", "language": "en"} |
How to Test an Electric Fence | After you've properly installed an electric fence, regular testing of the fence wires is an important maintenance task. For the best results, use a dedicated electric fence voltmeter for the job. If you just need to confirm whether a fence is on or off, use a non-contact voltmeter. Only use other methods—like a compass or a blade of grass—if absolutely necessary. Never underestimate the “zapping” power of an electric fence!
1. **Use an electric fence voltmeter for the job.** This tool is specifically designed to detect voltage in electric fences, which makes it the easiest and most reliable tool to use for the job. If you have an electric fence, it's definitely worth the $30-$50 USD investment.
Most models include a handheld meter with a digital readout and a metal prong on the top, and an attached metal probe at the end of a wire.
2. **Move to the section of fence furthest from the charger.** The charger (usually a small box) provides the electricity to the fence. By checking the voltage at the furthest point from it, you can be confident that the proper voltage is coursing through the fence.
Refer to the owner's manual or signage on the charger to determine the correct voltage range for your fence. Depending on the type of animals they are meant to control, electric fence voltages typically range from 2,000 to 10,000 volts.
3. **Touch the meter's probe to the ground wire, if there is one.** If the fence has 2 or more wires, one of them is probably a ground wire. Use your owner's manual to identify it. If you're not sure, or if there is no ground wire on your type of fence, skip this step and move on to the step that describes sticking the probe into the ground.
Keep your hand on the plastic or rubber section of the probe, not the metal tip. Otherwise, your body (instead of the meter) will test the electric fence when you touch the other probe end to it!
Some types of fencing ground directly into the earth instead of using a ground wire.
If necessary, contact the fence manufacturer or an electrician so you can identify the ground wire properly in the future. It's also good to have an expert make sure your ground wire is connected properly, as poor grounding is a major cause of electric fence malfunctions.
4. **Stick the meter's probe into the soil if there isn't a ground wire.** If your fence model doesn't use a ground wire, just stick the metal end of the probe several inches/centimeters deep into the soil. You can also do this if you're not sure which wire on the fence is the ground wire.
Stick as much of the metal tip of the probe into the ground as you can. Make sure you're not touching the metal tip with your fingers when you do the test, though!
All single wire fences ground directly into the soil, but some multi-wire fences also lack a grounding wire.
5. **Touch the prong on the tester to each charged wire.** With the probe still touching the ground wire or stuck in the soil, touch the metal prong on the tester to one of the charged wires. The digital readout should give you a voltage reading. Compare this reading to the recommended voltage for your fence model.
Repeat the test on each fence wire.
The readouts are often in thousands, in which case a reading of 5.0 indicates 5000 volts.
If the reading is above or below the recommended range for your fence, there is a problem with it and it should be serviced.
If you don't get any reading, make sure you turned the voltmeter on! If the meter is on, that means the fence has no charge.
6. **Repeat the test every 100 ft (30 m) closer to the charger.** If you get a low voltage result, repeating the test closer to the charger may help you pinpoint where there is a problem. And, even if the voltage reading is good on your first test, repeating the test in other locations will confirm the result.
Just walk along the fence and, every 100 ft (30 m) or so, quickly repeat the test again.
7. **Purchase a non-contact voltmeter from any tool supplier.** Non-contact voltmeters look a bit like extra thick pencils with flat sides. They have a translucent tip that usually blinks when the meter is on, and stays lit when voltage is detected nearby. The meter typically also beeps when voltage is detected.
As the name indicates, you don't need to touch a wire to check for voltage with this product. This makes them a safe and very useful tool for a variety of purposes.
You can probably buy a non-contact voltmeter for less than $20 USD.
8. **Turn the voltmeter on and check for a blinking light at the tip.** Make sure there's a battery installed and push the button to turn the meter on. You'll see a blinking light (often red) at the tip of the meter. This means it's on and ready to go!
Non-contact voltmeters are very simple tools, but you should always read the product instructions before using one for the first time.
9. **Point the meter at the fence when you're within 5 ft (1.5 m) of it.** As soon as you get within a body length of an operating electric fence, the meter will probably start beeping and have a steady light at the tip. If not, move steadily closer to the fence, but don't make contact with it.
If you get within a few inches/centimeters of the fence wire(s) and the meter still doesn't light up and beep, you can be confident that there isn't voltage in the area.
Keep in mind that non-contact voltmeters don't give you any information about the amount of voltage, they only reveal if there is or isn't any voltage coursing through the fence. Use an electric fence voltmeter if you want specific voltage readings.
10. **Test the entire length of the fence to check for problems.** Whether your initial test indicates that the fence is “On” or “Off,” it's wise to check all along the fence to confirm your results. Walk the length of the fence while remaining within about 3–5 ft (0.91–1.52 m) of it. Either point the meter at it constantly, or at intervals of around 50–100 feet (15–30 m).
If you get the "on" indicator (lights and beeping) in some sections of fence and "off" in other sections, follow up with an electric fence voltmeter (if you have one) to see if you get variable voltage readings along the fence. If you do get variable readings, or if you don't have an electric fence voltmeter, call an electrician or electric fence installer.
11. **Attach electric fence indicator lights to any fencing you install.** Indicator lights are small devices that you can easily attach to your electric fence at regular intervals. Whenever the fence is on, the indicator light will remain illuminated.
Hook up the indicator lights according to the product instructions. Contact an electrician or electric fence installer if you need assistance.
You should also buy and install clear warning signs (available at electric fence retailers) at regular intervals.
12. **Hold a compass near the fence to check for an electromagnetic field.** Move the compass to within about 2–3 in (5.1–7.6 cm) of each wire on the fence. If the wire is charged, the magnetic field created by the charge should cause the compass arrow to vibrate.
For the best results, hold the compass near each wire for 10-30 seconds. Most electric fence chargers send pulses in 10-30 second increments, and these will have a more noticeable effect on your compass.
13. **Listen for humming or buzzing sounds if it's quiet in the area.** If you get within about 1 ft (30 cm) of the fence, you may be able to hear a humming or buzzing sound every 10-30 seconds, when the fence charger sends out a pulse. If you can, you'll know the fence is electrified.
Not hearing anything, however, doesn't guarantee that the fence is off. You may simply be unable to hear any sounds caused by the pulses.
A fence that buzzes, hums, or crackles noticeably likely has a short somewhere in the system. Have a qualified repair person inspect the fence.
14. **Touch a fluorescent tube, if you have one handy, to the earth and fence.** Scrape away any grass or hard dirt to expose a patch of loose soil. Place the 2 prongs at one end of the bulb into the soil. Touch the 2 prongs at the other end of the tube to a fence wire. If the fence is charged, the bulb should flicker.
Shop light fluorescent tubes that are around 3–4 ft (0.91–1.22 m) long work best for this job.
15. **Touch a plastic-handled screwdriver to the fence if you don't mind sparks.** Choose a metal screwdriver with a thick plastic handle. Make sure you don't touch any part of the metal with your hand. Touch the screwdriver to each wire on the fence and watch for an electric arc that will leap from the wire to the screwdriver.
If you don't notice any arcing immediately, run the screwdriver back and forth over the wire for 10-30 seconds. If there's still no arcing, the wire most likely has no charge.
Test each wire on the fence with the screwdriver.
16. **Avoid touching the fence!** If you touch a working electric fence, you'll feel a painful zap on your hand and possibly part of the way up your arm. This is dangerous and should be avoided.
Never grasp the wire with your hand. Clenching of the hands is one of the body's natural reflexes during an electric shock, and if this happens you may not be able to let go of the fence. This could lead to serious burns or other injuries. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Test-an-Electric-Fence", "language": "en"} |
How to Treat Body Lice | Body lice are small parasites that can live near the surface of a person's skin, feeding on his blood. These body lice can cause severe itching and red bumps to occur on the skin's surface. Treating body lice can be very simple and in most cases is a matter of increasing personal hygiene and thoroughly cleaning clothes and bedding. If you are suffering from body lice, take action today to remove them from your home and your life.
1. **Wash any bedding and towels that were used.** Body lice can hide and thrive in any old bedding or towels that a person with body lice may have used. By properly cleaning both towels and bedding you deprive the body lice of their home, killing them in the process.
Use hot water when cleaning any bedding. The water should be at least 130°F (54.4°C).
Don't let the bedding or towels come in contact with other bedding or clothing, as this can spread the lice.
Make sure you are cleaning bedding and towels at least once a week.
2. **Change and clean clothes regularly.** Body lice are usually spread as a result of poor personal hygiene. Changing dirty or soiled clothes regularly can also remove body lice and prevent a future infestation of them. By wearing clean clothes and properly bathing you can remove body lice and prevent future troubles.
At least once a week, if not more frequently, you should change into fresh clothing.
Always wash and dry infested clothing at high temperatures, around 130°F (54.4°C).
3. **Practice proper hygiene.** A simple and easy method that you can use to fight against body lice infestations is to bathe regularly and practice proper hygiene. By keeping your body clean you will create an uncomfortable environment for any body lice, causing them to leave your body and helping you avoid any future trouble from them.
Try to shower or take a bath at least once daily.
Wash and clean your hair at least once a week.
Make sure to clean all areas of your body using both soap and water.
4. **Consult a doctor in a severe case of body lice.** If you or someone you know has a severe infestation of body lice you may need to visit a doctor and receive an application or prescription of a pediculicide, usually permethrin. Using a pediculicide will directly kill any body lice that might be living on the surface of the skin.
Your doctor will be able to prescribe a pediculicide to you.
Follow directions exactly when using a pediculicide.
You will still need to thoroughly wash and clean any potentially infested clothes, towels, or bedding.
5. **Take note of any itching or bumps on your skin.** If you have an infestation of body lice, chances are that you will also have itchy skin or bumps that result from their bites. If you notice any unusual itching or red, slightly swollen bumps on your skin you may have body lice.
Itching is most intense around your waist or areas of the body where clothes are in close contact.
Red bumps may scab over after appearing and will be itchy.
6. **Check your clothing.** Although body lice survive by taking blood from their host, they actually live in the folds of clothing. Finding body lice on the body or skin can be difficult. Search your clothes to have the best chance of finding any body lice that may be present.
Using a magnifying glass can help in your search.
Check clothing items that are closest to your skin, such as underwear.
7. **Identify the body lice.** Body lice can be difficult to see as they are very small and can move around the body quite easily. Their tendency to hide and live within your clothes can also make them difficult to find. However, it is possible to find both the body lice and their eggs with a close examination, confirming their presence.
Adult lice will be around 3 to 4 millimeters in length.
Lice have six legs.
Body lice may appear tan or gray.
An egg, or nit, is usually small, oval, and slightly yellow in color. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Treat-Body-Lice", "language": "en"} |
How to Make No Bake Cookies | No bake cookies are a great treat to make when you want to avoid using your oven, and there are almost as many varieties of no-bake cookies as there are standard, baked cookies. Keep reading if you are interested in learning a few different recipes that can satisfy your sweet tooth.
1. **Cover a baking sheet with some parchment or wax paper.** You won't be baking these cookies, but you still will need some place to put them. You can also line a cupcake tin with paper cupcake liners. Each cupcake liner will hold one drop of cookie dough.
Consider storing the baking sheet in the refrigerator while you are making the dough. This will make it cold, and allow the cookies to finish sooner.
2. **Add the sugar, butter, milk, and cocoa powder into a cooking pot.** Mix the ingredients together with a spoon or spatula. Be sure to cut the butter into smaller cubes before adding it into the pot. This will help it melt faster.
If you are lactose intolerant, consider using almond milk, coconut milk, soy milk, or lactose-free milk.
Add a ¼ teaspoon of salt to cut down on the sweetness. The salt will also help bring out the other flavors. Add it into the cooking pot before the butter starts to melt and stir it in well.
3. **Turn the stove on and set the heat to medium.** Keep stirring the cookie dough so it does not burn. Wait until the butter melts. This will take about 3-4 minutes.
4. **When it starts to boil, take the pot off the stove and add the oats.** Be sure to use quick-cooking oats. Stir the oats into the dough with a spoon or a spatula. Keep stirring until the oats are evenly coated.
5. **Use a spoon to put the dough onto the wax paper.** Scoop some of the dough out using a tablespoon, then drop it onto the wax paper. The dough will be shaped like clumpy balls. If you want, you can flatten the clumps by pressing down on them with the back of the spoon.
Try making some cookie balls instead. Roll the dough into small balls first, then roll the balls around in a bowl filled with shredded coconut, crushed nut, or cocoa powder.
6. **Try adding toppings to your cookies.** You can drizzle some melted chocolate or caramel sauce over them, too.
7. **Put the tray inside the refrigerator and leave it there for at least 30 minutes.** However, if you do not have a bunch of time, the cookies can go into the freezer for about 15 minutes.
8. **Serve the cookies when they are hard.** If you serve them too soon, they will start to melt and fall apart.
9. **Cover a baking sheet with parchment or wax paper.** Keep the baking sheet in the fridge while you are making the dough. This will make the sheet cold and help the cookies set faster.
10. **Mix the sugar, milk, butter, cocoa powder, and salt in a pot.** Stir everything with a spoon or a spatula. Consider cutting the butter into smaller cubes; this will help it melt faster in the next steps.
If you are lactose intolerant, try using almond milk, coconut milk, soy milk, or lactose-free milk instead.
If you don't like peanut butter, you can make chocolate hazelnut cookies instead. Start by reducing the cocoa powder to just 2 tablespoons. You can substitute chocolate hazelnut spread for the peanut butter later.
11. **Turn the stove on and boil the mixture for one minute.** This will allow the sugar to dissolve completely. You will end up with something that looks watery.
12. **Add the peanut butter, vanilla, and oats.** Reduce the heat to medium-low and add the rest of the ingredients. Keep stirring until the oats are completely covered.
If you are making chocolate hazelnut cookies, use 1 cup (250 grams) of chocolate hazelnut spread instead.
13. **Take the pot off the stove.** Once everything is mixed together, take the pot off the stove and set it down onto a heat-resistant surface.
14. **Use a spoon to drop the dough onto the wax paper.** You will end up with lumpy clumps. If you want, you can press the back of the spoon against the cookies to flatten them.
You can also roll the dough into small balls, and then roll the balls in a bowl filled with shredded coconut, crushed nut, or cocoa powder.
15. **Consider adding some toppings to your cookies.** You can drizzle melted chocolate or caramel sauce over the cookies to make them even yummier.
16. **Put the tray into the refrigerator and leave it there for at least half an hour.** You can also leave the tray in the freezer for 15 minutes instead.
17. **Serve the cookies when they are cold and hard.** If you try to eat them too soon, they will get gooey and messy.
18. **Melt the coconut oil in a pot over low heat.** Coconut oil is usually solid, so you will need to melt it.
19. **Pour in the almond milk, coconut sugar, and vanilla extract, and mix with a spoon or spatula.** Turn the head up to medium, and stir in the ingredients. You can also use brown sugar instead of coconut sugar. If you do not like the taste of almond milk, try soy milk, coconut milk, or lactose-free milk instead.
20. **Stir in the oat flour, almond flour, ground sugar, and salt.** You want to end up with a thick, consistency. If the batter is too soft, add some more oat or almond flour. If it is too dry, add in some more coconut oil or milk. Keep in mind, however, that the cookies will harden once you put them into the fridge, so try not to add too much flour.
21. **Take the pot off the stove and add in the chocolate chips.** You can also use chocolate chunks. Make sure to get the dairy-free or vegan variety. Stir the chocolate chips into the batter until they are evenly distributed.
22. **If you don't have a very big sweet tooth, use vegan dark chocolate.** This will help cut back on the sweetness.
23. **Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.** If you do not have parchment paper, you can use wax paper instead. Since you will be spreading the batter over this, it might be a good idea to tape the paper to the baking sheet. This will keep the paper in place and prevent it from moving about.
24. **Scoop the dough onto the parchment paper and press it into a rectangle.** You want it to be about 7 by 8 inches (17.78 by 20.32 centimeters) and ½ inch (1.27 centimeters) thick. Flatten the edges by pressing them in with a spatula.
25. **Put the baking sheet into the refrigerator and wait until the dough becomes hard.** This will take at least 30 minutes. If you are in a hurry, you can put the tray into the freezer for about 15 minutes.
26. **Cut the dough into 1 ½ inch (3.81 centimeter) squares and serve.** Use a sharp knife to cut the dough. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Make-No-Bake-Cookies", "language": "en"} |
How to Register a Car in New Jersey | If you're a resident of the state of New Jersey and you buy or lease a car, you must register and title it with the New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission (MVC). If you trade in a car for a new one, you also have the option of transferring your old registration. You can renew your registration online or through the mail. However, initial registrations or registration transfers must be completed in person at your local motor vehicle agency.
1. **Locate the nearest motor vehicle agency.** If you want to apply for a new vehicle registration, you must do so in person. New Jersey does not accept registration applications either online or through the mail.
If you're not sure where the nearest MVC office is, you can look it up at https://www.state.nj.us/mvc/locations/facilitylocations.htm.
2. **Gather documents to support your application.** Along with your application, you must present your driver's license or other identification, proof of New Jersey insurance, your vehicle title, and payment for taxes as well as title and registration fees.
If your vehicle is leased or financed, you'll also need your financing statement and the lien holder's information.
3. **Calculate your tax, title and registration fees.** Registration fees vary depending on the weight and class of your vehicle. Title fees vary depending on whether your vehicle is financed. The MVC accepts major credit cards, personal checks, money orders, and cash for payment.
To total your title and registration fees, visit https://www.state.nj.us/mvc/vehicles/regfees.htm and find the weight class that applies to your vehicle.
Call the New Jersey Department of Taxation at 609-984-6206 if you need help calculating the sales tax for your vehicle.
If you purchased a new car, you must pay the registration fees for 4 years. For leased vehicles, you must pay the registration fees for the term of the lease.
4. **Complete the application form at the motor vehicle agency.** The application form requires information about you and the vehicle you want to register. This form is only available at MVC offices – you can't download it online and fill it out ahead of time.
Enter your information on the form neatly, writing in blue or black ink.
Double-check your form for hours before you turn it in. Mistakes may cause your registration to be void.
5. **Submit your application and payment of fees.** When you are called, present your application along with your identification and form of payment. The MVC official will process your application and give you license plates and a registration document.
Keep your registration document in the glove box of your car at all times.
If you ordered a custom or specialty plate, you may be issued a temporary tag to be put on your car. Your plate will be mailed to you.
6. **Confirm the registration code will remain the same.** You can transfer the registration and plates from an old vehicle to a new one. However, the name on the registration and the vehicle weight class must be identical.
For example, if you traded in a sedan for another sedan or a small SUV, you typically could transfer the registration. However, if you traded in a van or larger truck for a sedan, you wouldn't be able to transfer the registration because the vehicles wouldn't be in the same weight class.
7. **Visit your local motor vehicle agency.** If you want to transfer your registration from one car to another, you have to do it in person. New Jersey doesn't allow registration to be transferred online or through the mail.
At the motor vehicle agency, let staff at the greeter desk know that you want to transfer registration. They'll provide you with the forms you need.
8. **Complete a registration form for your new vehicle.** Provide information about yourself, your residence, and the new vehicle on the registration form. Indicate that you're transferring registration from an old car to a new one.
Enter the information legibly, using blue or black ink. Make sure the information you enter on the new form matches the information on the old registration form.
9. **Submit your application along with proper identification.** When you transfer your registration, present your driver's license and proof of New Jersey insurance, along with a copy of your old registration form. You may also need to verify your address with a piece of mail addressed to you that was issued within the last 60 days.
You will have to pay a transfer fee of $4.50, plus the prorated registration fee. You can pay with a major credit or debit card, personal check, money order, or cash.
If you also need to title your new car, provide the title. If your new car is financed or leased, provide the finance agreement along with the name and contact information for the lien holder.
10. **Put the old plates on your new car.** Once you've successfully transferred your registration, you will be issued a new registration document for your car. Keep the registration document in your glove box.
Your old plates are now associated with your new car. You cannot use them with any other vehicle.
11. **Review your renewal notice for accuracy.** The MVC will mail you a renewal notice approximately 3 months before your registration expires. The notice includes your name and address, information about the vehicle, the date your registration expires, and the amount you owe to renew your registration.
If any information on the renewal notice is inaccurate, call the MVC customer support line at 609-292-6500. The number is available on weekdays (except holidays) from 8:30 a.m. to 4:15 p.m.
12. **Use the PIN on your notice to renew online.** Your renewal notice includes a 9-digit PIN on the lower right corner. Go to https://www.state.nj.us/mvc/vehicles/regrenew.htm and click "renew your registration online," then click the "Begin Online Registration Renewal" button.
You also must provide your Social Security number and your insurance policy number.
You can pay your registration fees online using a valid major credit or debit card.
You cannot renew online after the expiration date listed on your renewal notice.
13. **Detach the payment stub to renew by mail.** Your renewal notice also includes a payment stub and return envelope. If you want to renew by mail, complete the payment stub and include a check or money order for payment of your registration fees.
If you don't have the return envelope, you can mail your payment to New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission, Revenue Processing Center, PO Box 009, Trenton, NJ 08646-0009.
14. **Visit your local motor vehicle agency to renew in person.** Bring your driver's license, insurance card, and license plate number with you to renew your car registration in person. Renewing in person may be best if you are close to or past the expiration date of your old registration.
The MVC accepts major credit or debit cards, checks, money orders, and cash if you are renewing your registration in person. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Register-a-Car-in-New-Jersey", "language": "en"} |
How to Cope With Overeating | We've all occasionally overdone it at the holiday table, later regretting that scrumptious second helping of Grandma's pecan pie. Compulsive overeating, however, is a much more serious condition and the most common eating disorder in the United States. Chronic, rapid consumption of excessive amounts of food can result in overwhelming feelings of regret, helplessness and embarrassment. Worse, overeating can also trigger several serious health complications related to weight gain, notably type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease. Finding ways to curb your consumption, therefore, is key to living a healthy, happy lifestyle.
1. **Speak to a therapist, especially if you have BED.** In many cases there are deep-rooted psychological issues that contribute to compulsive eating. Seeking help from a trained counselor might help expose any underlying anxiety, depression or negative body image problems that could be hijacking your self-control.
There is overwhelming evidence that the majority of those diagnosed with BED also have underlying mood disorders.
Even if you don't have BED, a therapist may be helpful if you are stress eating. A therapist can help you address what is causing you to feel anxious, stressed, sad, etc., and help you learn healthy ways to cope with those emotions.
Bring your food diary to your appointment so you can share any insights with your therapist. It may be helpful for her to look over the diary as well, as she may be able to spot some patterns or triggers you were not aware of.
2. **Manage your anger or sadness.** Emotional eaters often hide their emotions and turn to food to feel better. Learning healthy ways to deal with negative emotions can have an impact on overeating — though you may feel your issue is that you have no control over how much you eat, the underlying issue is likely that you feel you feel powerless over your emotions. When you begin to feel anger, sadness, or another uncomfortable emotion, find a healthy way to express or deal with that emotion. Call a close friend, start a journal or pick up a paintbrush — do something constructive that you know leaves you feeling better, not worse. If your feelings of anger or sadness are from a past hurt, it may help to address them in the following ways:
Writing letters to those who have hurt you. You don't have to send the letters. But the act of pouring out your anger or sadness on paper can oftentimes help relieve stress.
Making amends with yourself. Stand in front of a mirror and forgive yourself for anything hurtful you've done. Any self-loathing you're carrying needs to be addressed and expressed to begin the healing process.
3. **Curb stress eating.** Avoid reaching for your favorite comfort foods when stressed. Identify when you're feeling overwhelmed and find other ways to let off steam. Some of these stress-relieving techniques can help:
Taking a short stroll. Even a quick 15 minute walk can help release feel-good endorphins in your brain, helping the stress slip away.
Playing with your pet. Spend time lavishing love on your pooch in order to release oxytocin, the so-called cuddle chemical that boosts your sense of well being.
Breathing exercises. If your head is swimming with thoughts, take a moment to focus on something as simple as your breath. Refocusing on the moment through breathing exercises or meditation has been scientifically proven to alleviate stress and anxiety.
Doing yoga.
Learning to meditate. Meditation is a stress-buster that can typically be done anywhere.
4. **Learn to listen to your stomach.** Frequently asking yourself “Am I full?” can sometimes immediately put things into perspective. Oftentimes, we mindlessly eat without paying attention to what our body is trying to tell us. Over eaters typically keep consuming long after their stomachs are full. But they ignore the messages they bodies are sending.
It may be helpful for you rate your hunger level on a scale of one to 10, with one being so hungry you feel dizzy, weak or starving and 10 being full to the point you feel sick. Five represents feeling satisfied — neither hungry nor full.
Eat when your hunger is at a three or four, and try to avoid ever hitting a one or two.
Stop eating when you hit a five or six — either satisfied, or a "pleasantly full."
Stop a quarter way through your meal and ask yourself: "Am I still hungry?" If you are, continue eating. Then stop again when you are halfway through and ask: "Am I still hungry?" Remember, you don't have to clean your plate.
5. **Overturn boredom.** Many people overeat out of sheer boredom. If you feel like you have too much time on your hands, get out of the house.Find a hobby. Volunteer to help others. Go see a movie (just steer clear of the concession stand). Call a friend or take a walk and explore your neighborhood. There are numerous ways to occupy your mind that don't involve reaching for sugary snacks.
6. **Slow down.** Binge eating involves consuming food very quickly. Slowing down and taking time to focus on the food itself, however, (how it tastes, temperature, etc.) can sometimes help calm the craving to overeat. This type of mindful eating has become a well-known technique for easing over consumption, touted by physicians, celebrities and chefs alike.
Don't eat while standing up or in the car or when you're trying to do something else. Sit down for your meals. Try to avoid situations in which you feel you must "scarf down" your food.
Stop and put your fork down between each bite.
Fully chew your food and swallow before picking up your fork again.
Allow yourself to feel the texture of the food and notice its flavor and smell.
7. **Turn off the TV.** It is possible that you are not eating in response to stress or any other emotion — you may simply be overeating because you are too distracted to listen to your body's signals. Avoid distractions while eating — turn off the tv and computer, put down your book — and focus on your plate and how your body feels. Researchers have discovered that eating while watching tv routinely leads to the consumption of fewer fruits and vegetables and more fast food, sodas and unhealthy snacks.
8. **Alter your environment.** We are creatures of habit. Using a different plate or sitting in another place besides your usual spot might give you that extra boost of alertness you need to stop eating at the right time. As one registered dietitian notes, small things like altering the time you eat and reducing the size of your dinner plate can add up to big changes over time.
9. **Start exercising.** Get up and get moving. The mood-enhancing effects of exercise are well documented. Exercise can reduce stress hormones and can boost your energy and mood. Aim for 20-30 minutes of moderate exercise every day. Some useful, uplifting forms of exercise include:
Yoga
Swimming
Hiking
10. **Remove temptations.** Clear out your pantry and fridge of your favorite comfort foods. You can't eat what isn't there. And now that you've been keeping a food diary and know the foods you tend to you binge on, take this knowledge with you to the grocery store. If you lose yourself in cookies and chips, two of the most common trigger foods, make sure and avoid the prepackaged sweets and snacks aisles.
Stick to the perimeter of the grocery store. Cookies, chips, soda, and other unhealthy snacks are usually found in the aisles of grocery stores, while you'll find things like produce, fresh meat, and sea food around around the perimeter of the store.
11. **Steer clear of fast food.** Resist the urge to pull into your favorite drive-through on the way home from work. The pressures of the day could cause you to impulsively order large quantities of high fat, sugary treats. If your willpower is still slipping and you find yourself sitting in line anyway, consider ordering a healthier salad or low-calorie menu item instead of your usual non-nutritious fare.
12. **Forgive yourself.** There may be setbacks, and that's okay. Years' worth of bad habits won't be broken overnight. Try to be patient with yourself and treat yourself with kindness and forgiveness.
13. **Let go of shame.** Being overwhelmed by shame, anger and sadness only creates a vicious cycle that leads to more overeating. Some constructive ways to express your disappointment that don't include bingeing again include:
Saying goodbye to the past. Everything you've done is now in the past. Remind yourself that the past cannot be changed but the future can. All you can do is learn from your mistakes and move forward.
Figuring out where you went off track. Thinking and writing about what last led you astray (trigger foods, feeling a particular emotion, etc.) can help ease your guilt and bring your focus back to recovery.
Setting positive reminders. Help dissipate shame by creating tools to do better in the future. Use an app or set up calendar reminders on your computer to pop up positive messages to yourself.
14. **Seek out support if you need it.** It's tough to go it alone. Finding like-minded people can be crucial to the recovery process. There are several national organizations with state and local chapter meetings you can attend. Or, if can't wait and need to speak with someone immediately, reach out and connect with others online in a chat room or join a forum or message board. Here are some recommended resources:
Overeaters Anonymous
NEDA
Academy for Eating Disorders
Healthful Chat
Healthy Place Forums
15. **Create a food diary.** Ignorance is not always bliss. Writing down everything you eat can be an eye-opening experience, as most people tend to underestimate how much they consume. In addition, recording when you eat could help you identify trouble spots, certain times of the day when you are most likely to over consume. Or, a food diary could quickly highlight which foods you binge on most often.
When making an entry in your food diary, you should include the time you ate, what you ate, and how much. In addition, you should record what you were doing at the time, your mood, and your environment.
Carry a pen and paper or use your phone to record your food intake. Don't rely on your memory — remember, most people underestimate how much they eat, and you will be more likely to do so when you are relying on your memory. You might also forget little snacks (the handful of candy from the bowl on someone's desk) or the bite of cake from your friend's plate (these all count).
Make sure you accurately record your portion sizes and things like salad dressings.
You can see a sample of a food diary here.
16. **Look for patterns in your food diary.** By recording additional details in your food diary, such as your mood or environment, you can begin to uncover patterns and triggers for overeating. For instance, you may notice that you overeat when you feel stressed or sad, or when you are at your parents' house, or after you talk to your older sibling. This is considered stress eating or emotional eating.
Other things to look out for include waiting too long between meals (which may cause you to overeat when you finally do eat), and eating while on-the-go (like in the car or while standing and trying to do other things) or in front of the TV or computer (people tend to eat more when they are distracted and not focused on their meal).
Notice the effects of smelling or seeing food. Maybe your diary will reveal that you can't help but stop for a treat when you walk past that amazing-smelling bakery on your way home. Even if you weren't even hungry before, the smell of fresh-baked bread got your stomach rumbling.
17. **Learn about emotional eating.** Your food diary may reveal that you are eating to cope with difficult emotions or even just boredom. Do you reach for food each time you feel sad, stressed, angry, anxious, lonely, bored, or tired? Instead of dealing with an uncomfortable feeling, you may be trying to squash it by eating. Unfortunately, eating does not address whatever made you experience that uncomfortable feeling so, though you may feel better in the moment, the emotion will inevitably return.
Stress causes your body to release cortisol, also known as the "stress hormone," which can trigger your "fight or flight" response. This response may increase appetite, making your body crave comfort foods (usually laden with sugar and quick energy) to fuel your fight or flight. If you experience chronic stress from things like school, your job, family, or environment, you may be at higher risk to become a regular emotional eater.
18. **Understand the difference between physical hunger and emotional hunger.** It may be hard at first to identify when you are actually hungry and when you want to eat because you have been triggered. Before you reach for that cookie or bag of chips, consider the following:
Did the feeling of hunger come on suddenly? Physical hunger is gradual, while emotional hunger is sudden and intense.
Do you feel like you have to eat immediately? Physical hunger can usually wait. When you are hungry in response to an emotion, you will feel that you need to eat .
Do you only want one specific thing? If you feel open to lots of different food options, you are probably experiencing physical hunger. But if you are fixated on one particular food, you are probably feeling emotional hunger.
Do you eat beyond a feeling of fullness? If you eat until your stomach is full but still don't feel satisfied, you are probably eating emotionally and not to satisfy a physical hunger. Physical hunger stops when you are full.
Do you feel guilt, shame, powerless, or embarrassed? If you experience any of these feelings after eating, it is likely you are eating to try and meet an emotional need, not to satiate a physical hunger.
19. **Recognize the signs of binge eating disorder.** Overeating or emotional eating does not mean you have a binge eating disorder (BED). BED is a common eating disorder. It is considered a severe, life-threatening disorder, but it is also treatable. BED can only be diagnosed by a healthcare provider, so make sure you discuss it with your doctor if you suspect you may have BED. Signs of BED include:
Eating much more rapidly than normal, and eating more during a specific time period (usually less than two hours) than most people would eat during that time.
Feeling out of control when eating.
Eating in private because you feel ashamed by how much you are consuming.
Eating excessive amounts of food when you are not hungry.
Feeling ashamed, guilty, depressed, or disgusted by how much you are eating.
Lack of purging following binges, meaning you don't compensate for overeating by throwing up or overexercising.
Engaging in this type of eating at least once a week for three months.
Be aware that body weight is not necessarily connected to BED. Your body weight may be normal, or you may have mild, moderate, or severe obesity. It is important to remember that not everyone who is overweight binges or has BED. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Cope-With-Overeating", "language": "en"} |
How to Handle Chronic Complainers | Handling chronic complainers can indeed be a very difficult task. There are some people who seem to never be happy about anything in life: they could be friends, relatives, co-workers, you name it. Their dissatisfaction is chronic because it happens on a regular basis: to them, complaining is an attitude toward life rather than a reaction to a specific situation that has not gone according to their plans. There are some strategies you can implement to deal with their constant negativity without letting it affect your own peace of mind.
1. **Avoid trying to convince a complainer that things aren't as bad as they seem.** No matter what you say or do, the chronic complainer won't cheer up. Trying to convince them to think positively will only lead them to complain more to counteract your optimism.
Coming up with encouraging propositions like "Time heal all wounds" or "You're going to be fine" is only a waste of energy and will not stop their complaining.
This is technically known as "a polar response": their automatic reaction is to highlight the opposite of what you just said. Think of all the times when you're saying "It's not that bad" was met with a "Well, it is!", followed by a countless number of reasons why it is.
2. **Fake sympathy and redirect them to what they should do.** A complainer is really after sympathy, not solutions. Giving them what they want (a person who "truly gets how bad the situation is") will curb their attitude if not stop the complaining. However, make sure your expression of sympathy is followed by an active encouragement to get back to the task at hand "That must have been horrible for you! However, we need to get back to work now, otherwise we'll be late."
Don’t be sarcastic when you express sympathy. Try to make it sound as sincere as possible.
A good way of expressing sympathy without agreeing is to say "This must be a huge problem for you." This remark doesn't acknowledge the fact that their problem is objectively a huge problem for you or the whole of humanity. It probably isn't. However, it does show you sympathize with how bad they think it is.
3. **Try not to come up with solutions to their problem.** This will make them dependent on you and persuade them to come back to you whenever they need a quick solution to their problems, or a punching bag to take out their negativity on.
It's easy to fall into the temptation of putting an end to the complaint by suggesting a solution. However, keep in mind that solutions are not really what they're after.
Seeing hardship in every situation is part of a chronic complainer's identity: resourcefulness will be perceived as a threat to who they are and lead them to another outpouring of negativity to bolster their sense of self.
4. **Ask them whether they thought of possible solutions to their problems.** Instead of giving them solutions, asking something along the line of "That must be really hard for you! Do you have any solution in mind?" will break the flow of complaints and help them embrace a problem-solving approach.
Because complaining is an essential identity-defining factor of a chronic complainer's personality, encouraging them to find solutions themselves won't necessarily change their attitude. However, it will stop the complaints because what you're asking of them is not another reason why all is bad, but whether they thought of how to change this.
A possible negative answer to this question would be "There is no solution!" If that happens, explain briefly that complaining won't solve the problem either: "Well, complaining won't make it any better. It will just make you feel worse about something you can't change anyway."
5. **Make a distinction between chronic and authentic complaints.** Although complaints coming from a chronic complainer are usually false alarms, there are instances in which the complaint is legitimate and might require your help in finding a solution to a real problem. In this case only, your advice could actually put an end to the complaint.
You'll have to use your judgment and personal knowledge of the chronic complainer to determine which complaints are legitimate and which are only expressions of generalized negativity. Chances are that the complaint, when it is real, will be phrased differently or accompanied by deeper concern.
6. **Make an effort not to ignore their complaints completely.** This will only encourage them to complain more often and loudly to make their voices heard.
Chronic complainers are attention-seekers, and denying such attention will only worsen their attitude.
7. **Ask yourself why this person is complaining with you and not someone else.** If the chronic complainer seems to be coming to you on a regular basis whenever their negativity needs an outlet, there might be a possibility that you've been selected as their favorite listener or problem-solver.
Consider what you've done in the past that might have prompted them to think you're more sympathetic than others and change your response. For example, you might have given too much space to their complaint and too little to helping them focus on finding solutions themselves.
Setting clear boundaries will contain their behavior. You will have to do it more than once until they've realized you're not the go-to person for their complaints. You can say "I love you and want to help, but I'll not just stay here and listen to how bad things are. If you want to think of solutions, you know where to find me."
8. **Show your positive attitude as an alternative example.** Although it's hard for chronic complainers to change their take on life, positivity can be as contagious as negativity. Showing how you deal with problems yourself could work as evidence of the fact that there are different ways to approach life, and help the complainer change their attitude.
9. **Talk to them openly about their chronic complaining.** If the number and intensity of chronic complaints has gotten out of control and you consider this person a friend, you should discuss their attitude and point out that their complaining is a default reaction to any situation, rather than a reasonable behavior.
Chronic complainers don't see themselves as negative people. They think life is especially harsh for them because of bad luck or honestly think problems are too huge for them to handle. Your helping them see this side of their personality will be a first step toward their acting upon it.
10. **Realize you are not truly responsible for what they are complaining about.** It's easy to think a complaint is due to something you did wrong. Although this might the case in some circumstances, chronic complainers will use complaint as a default reaction to any aspect of life. The problem is not with what you have done, but with how they handle life in general.
Don't allow the complaint to become a reality for you. Seeing faults in your own behavior won't improve the situation but only let their negativity affect you.
11. **Don't let the complaints become contagious.** It's easy to fall into the trick of letting a complainer's attitude toward life have an influence on our own way of looking at things. In fact, it's much more likely to be affected by negative vibes than positive ones: after all, fear and suspicion are part of our survival instinct.
This doesn't mean pretending that the world is all rainbows and unicorns. Having a positive attitude means keeping your focus on solutions instead of dwelling on problems and address them directly, instead of letting them overwhelm you.
In order to contain a complainer's impact on your own and other people's life, don't let them take the lead. This is especially true if the complainer is in the workplace or part of a team. If you act as a positive leader, the complainer's pessimism will be neutralized, or spread at a slower pace.
12. **Keep them at a distance if their complaining is affecting your life.** If nothing has worked and the constant complaining has begun to impact your own attitude toward life, the last resort is loosening your relationship with the chronic complainer.
This can be hard if the complainer is someone on your workplace or in your family. In this case, you should do your best to think of other strategies before cutting them off.
You can also enjoy the company of this person when they're in a good mood and walk out on them only when they phase into a negative mode. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Handle-Chronic-Complainers", "language": "en"} |
How to Use a Curry Comb on a Horse | A curry comb is a type of horse grooming brush that removes shedding hair, scurf, and sweat from a horse’s body. It also loosens caked mud and dirt. Curry combing your horse is an important part of grooming your horse and maintaining its health and wellbeing. But there are different types of curry combs and methods for using them on your horse. By choosing the best types of curry comb and properly massaging them on your horse’s body, you can easily use a curry comb on your horse.
1. **Go with a rubber curry comb.** The workhorse of the curry combs, a rubber version comes in different colors, sizes, and nub depth. You can also choose different flexibilities depending on what you and your horse like. Finding one or two different curry combs to use on your horse will help keep it clean, help blood circulation in the skin, distribute oils, and give your horse’s coat a nice shiny glow.
Be aware that rubber combs shouldn’t be used on a horse’s face, ears, or legs.
Throw these in the wash rack for bath time if you like.
2. **Get a curry or pimple mitt.** Another version of the curry comb you and your horse might like is the curry mitt or pimple mitt. These pimpled gloves are great to use on sensitive horses as well as sensitive body parts like faces, bellies, and lower legs. You can also use them on other body parts if you like.
Fold your curry mitt in half to get into your horse’s nooks and crannies. For example, you could use this in the horse’s “armpits” to clean out sweat stains and massage the area.
Throw curry mitts into the wash rack for bath time if you like.
3. **Use a jelly mitt.** Like curry mitts, jelly mitts are also very versatile. They generally are different sized pimples or nubs on each side for different parts of your horse’s body. Unlike other curry combs, you can also use jelly mitts on a horse’s lower legs.
Try using a jelly mitt to loosen hair on saddle pads. The stiffer nubs are also good to remove dried poultice from your horse’s lower legs.
4. **Consider specialty curry combs.** In addition to standard types of curry combs, there are different shapes, textures, and designs. These are usually for specific body parts or to do things like massage a horse’s fascia and muscles. If your horse has specific physical needs or you even just want to give it a treat with something like a massage curry comb, keep one or two of these handy.
Consider any problems or specific health needs your horse has. Does he or she have tight muscles from training for competitions? Try a cross fiber groomer to help loosen up your horse’s fascia and muscles. You could also try a specialty mitt for sweat stains if the horse trains frequently or lives in hot climates.
5. **Be cautious with metal curry combs.** Some curry combs are made of hard and inflexible metal that scrape up hair and dirt well. However, they can be too harsh on a sensitive horse and shouldn’t be used to brush any bony areas like the shoulders, hips, and legs. Consider using a metal comb in conjunction with a plastic or rubber curry comb for the best results.
Use the metal comb on your horse only if it likes it. Otherwise, consider using a metal comb to scrape hair and sweat from saddle pads or to clean rubber or plastic curry combs.
Be aware that metal curry combs don’t do well in water, so you may not want to use them at bath time.
6. **Tie up your horse.** Before you start curry combing your horse, tie it up in a safe place. Leaving your horse loose in a stall or without a halter can leave you without any control if the animal tries to turn around or escape from you. Consider giving your horse a treat for allowing you to tie it up. This may also help it stay calm during the curry combing session.
7. **Hold the curry comb properly.** Grasp the handle and use your thumb and fingers to hold the comb firmly. If you are using a mitt, slip your hand into it completely and ensure that it won’t slide off during your combing.
Make sure any straps on the curry comb are secure and not broken to ensure optimal use. The same goes for the nubs on plastic combs. Broken parts may hurt you or your horse.
8. **Remember to be gentle.** From the way that you curry comb your horse to how you move around the animal, remember to use gentle movements. This can prevent harming or startling your horse and ensure a pleasurable experience for both of you.
9. **Get your horse used to curry combing.** If your horse is young or needs more frequent cleaning, it’s important to give your horse time to get used to it. Providing your horse with positive reinforcement and gentle handling can help you more easily get through a curry combing session and teach your horse to love getting clean.
Try and curry comb your horse any time you ride it. This gets it in the habit of being groomed and can help him or her stand still for longer grooming sessions or even to get new horseshoes. It can also help you detect health problems.
Give your horse a treat at the beginning and/ or end of a curry combing session. Offer the horse a lot of praise for good behavior. Make sure to take your time so that your horse doesn’t sense any urgency or irritation. These behaviors can help your horse get used to curry combing and associate it with positive feelings.
10. **Figure out your horse’s favorite comb.** Just like humans and other animals, horses often love the feeling of being groomed. This is especially true if you take your time to lovingly groom your horse. However, you may notice that your horse reacts differently to certain combs, which can cue you into what he or she prefers in terms of the curry comb. Try and focus on this comb to help your horse enjoy the grooming process.
Notice if your horse leans into you, which is a sign that he or she is enjoying that particular comb.
Look to see if your horse’s ears are turned out to the side, which is a sign that he or she is relaxed. Likewise, a dropped head can also indicate relaxation.
11. **Move the currycomb in circular motions.** Starting at the top of your horse’s neck, use the curry comb in circular motions on your horse. Work with the direction of the horse’s hair as if you were giving the animal a massage.
Press firmly but gently when currycombing in the direction of the hair. Use lighter pressure if you’re going against the horse’s hair. Don’t be surprised if your horse leans into the curry comb because it likes the feeling!
Use caution when going back and forth in a scrubbing motion. Some people suggest not using a scrubbing motion while others think it’s acceptable if done gently.
12. **Comb over the rest of the body.** Work your way around the rest of the horse’s body, taking care around bony and sensitive areas. Avoid using the curry comb on the head and mane, lower legs, or other especially sensitive areas for now.
Check to see that the curry comb is bringing up dirt and dead skin to the surface of the coat. If none is visible, consider going over the area again to prepare it for removal with a body brush.
Use a different curry comb, such as a jelly mitt or pimple mitt, if your horse appears sensitive to the plastic curry comb.
13. **Pay special attention to the back and girth.** A horse’s stomach, or girth, and back often collect the most sweat and dirt. Make sure to focus a significant part of your time to curry combing these areas.
Remember that the girth is often very sensitive. Consider switching to a jelly or pimple mitt to remove sweat and dirt. If this doesn’t effectively bring up hair, dirt, and sweat, try using a rubber comb with deeper nubs.
Check the areas where your horse’s saddle sits on its back. Make sure to give this area a lot of attention, too, since sweat and hair can build up underneath the saddle.
14. **Go over bony parts gently.** A horse’s spine, elbows and legs are very bony. Because of this, they require special care when curry combing them. Use a pimple mitt, jelly mitt, or specialized mitt to curry comb these delicate areas.
Use the same firm but gentle pressure to curry comb the spine, legs, and elbows. Don’t brush too deeply on these parts of the horse’s body as they don’t have as much muscle and fat as places like the neck or girth.
Brush sensitive areas in the direction of the horse’s hair, just like you would do with other parts. Remember to avoid using a scrubbing motion, which may be especially uncomfortable on sensitive or bony areas.
Be especially careful when curry combing the horse’s legs so that it doesn’t kick you. Use the most gentle pressure here so that you don’t startle the horse.
15. **Comb the face.** Unclip your horse from the lead or where you’ve tied it up so that you can effectively curry comb its face. Hold the curry comb in one hand and your horse’s face in another as you gently work your way around the face. Make sure to avoid the delicate eye area and the horse’s mane.
Work your way from the horse’s neck to the jaw, nose, behind the ears and brow band. Pay special attention to these areas because remaining dirt can cause discomfort under the horse’s bridle.
Put the head collar back on or tie up the horse again so that you can finish your curry combing session.
Use a regular or body brush to comb the mane. Dampen it with some water to remove excess debris and keep the mane flat.
16. **Empty the curry comb.** You may find that the curry comb fills up with hair, dirt, dried mud, or sweat as you brush your horse. Occasionally “emptying” the curry comb by banging it against a hard surface can help you more effectively groom your horse.
Empty your mitt only if necessary. In most cases, debris will simply fall out of mitts without banging it against anything.
17. **Brush off debris.** Use a body brush in a flipping motion to remove all of the hair and dirt brought up through curry combing. Make sure to start at the neck and work your way all over the horse’s body. This can make your horse’s hair supple and shiny.
Make sure to brush in the direction of the hair. Clean out the brush every few strokes by combing the rubber curry comb with a metal version. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Use-a-Curry-Comb-on-a-Horse", "language": "en"} |
How to Sweat Copper Pipe | Sweating a pipe is a slang term for soldering a pipe or joint for the purpose of sealing a new joint or mending a fault. This is a basic plumbing process frequently used in improvement projects. Sweating a pipe and connector involves proper preparation of the surface, heating the cut end of a copper pipe and the connecting piece, which will cause the solder to melt and create a leak-proof union. Correctly soldered piping can last for years or even decades.
1. **Gather your tools and materials.** Having your equipment at the ready will ensure your pipe-sweating job goes as smoothly and quickly as possible. To properly sweat a copper pipe, you'll need:
Copper connectors
Copper pipe
Insulated gloves (optional; recommended)
Lead-free plumbing solder
Pipe cutter
Pipe plug (optional; to prevent water trickles)
Plumbing flux paste
Propane torch
Sandpaper or emery cloth
Wire brush
2. **Evaluate your pipe and fittings.** Construction materials vary considerably depending on purpose, and using the wrong gauge pipe or fitting can lead to a plumbing fiasco. If you are unsure which to use, check city code to determine your piping needs more exactly, but the following descriptions should help you evaluate whether your pipe is suitable for your job:
Copper pipe has three different classes -Type M, is thin walledType L, is medium walled, and is usually ideal for home useType K, is thick walled
Copper pipe fittings come in three basic types -Category 1, for making bends or turns in your pipeCategory 2, for joining or branching pipeCategory 3, which includes couplings and adapters for your pipe.
3. **Cut your copper pipe.** You'll need your pipe to be at the desired length for your plumbing project before you do anything. To accomplish this goal you should use a pipe cutter, which can be rented or purchased from most home improvement retailers. You may want to consider a pipe cutter that has guides, as these will help you accomplish a clean, straight cut that is free of rough edges.
Tighten your pipe cutter, which should be shaped similar to a C-clamp, so that the pipe is firmly held by the cutter.
Turn your cutter so that it scores the pipe as it rotates.
Tighten your cutter again, and then turn it several more times until your pipe is severed. Depending on the thickness of your pipe and quality of your cutter, you may need to tighten the cutter a third time.
4. **Make use of secondary cutting measures.** If you don't have a pipe cutter available, there are a variety of tools you can use in place of it, though using a pipe cutter will often yield the best results. In a pinch, you can also use:
A hacksaw
An abrasive wheel
A portable or stationary band saw
5. **Smooth any rough edges and clean loose shavings.** You can smooth burred, sharp, or rough edges with fine grain sandpaper, an emery cloth, or even steel wool. After your pipe is smooth, you should clear any loose metal shavings left over from your pipe cutting with a clean rag.
When working with jagged or burred pipe, you may want to wear work gloves to protect against cuts and slivers.
6. **Test the fit of your components.** You'll want to see if the copper piping and connectors fit together before going to the trouble of by assembling everything or applying flux. Insert the tube end into the fitting cup, and then visually examine it with your other parts to be sure these line up and fit properly.
If you plan to work on a functioning copper pipe, be sure to turn off the water main or cut off valve.
7. **Drain water from the pipe and dry it.** You can achieve this by tipping the pipe, though in some cases this might not be possible. If you cannot tip-drain your pipe, use a dry, clean cloth or some paper towel to absorb all liquid near where you will be sweating the pipe.
8. **Make your pipe shine.** This is necessary to promote the best possible joining between your component parts. Take your wire brush, and clean the pipe until it shines brightly. Give the joint ends the same treatment, until all the ends you will be sweating have a bright sheen.
After cleaning the pipe, wipe away any grit with a clean rag.
Cleaning the pipe removes oxidation buildup from the metal, which can cause a weak bond.
If you are connecting to a valve or other fixture, be sure it is open so you don't melt or warp any internal seals.
9. **Protect yourself with gloves.** Although flux for potable fixtures is specifically intended to be non-toxic to your drinking water, flux that has yet to be heat treated can be harmful if it gets in your eyes or any open cuts. You should wear gloves when applying flux to your pipe.
10. **Prevent trickles with a pipe plug.** You shouldn't attempt to solder pipes that have residual water, as even a small amount of water can make your efforts futile. If you notice a trickle of water in your line, push a pipe plug into the line to stop the flow of water. In the event that you don't have a plug on hand, an old trick used a wad of soft, white bread in the place of a plug to briefly halt the water.
This technique does work, but has a minute chance of clogging aerators or valves when the line is turned on and the bread flushed.
11. **Apply flux to the joint you will sweat.** Copper pipe will not bond with the solder you will later apply to adhere your pipes together unless it is chemically treated with flux. Remember not to apply flux with your bare hands, as contact with your eyes, mouth, or open cuts could expose you to unsafe chemicals. Brush your plumbing flux paste on the outside of your pipe to prepare it for soldering.
Flux creates a clean surface for the solder, which will bond your copper components together.
Only a small amount of flux needs to be applied.
Wipe away excess flux with a clean cloth.
12. **Heat your fitting.** You'll need to use your torch for this purpose. Hold your torch about 2 inches (5.1 cm) away from the fitting and pass it evenly over the part for about 10 to 20 seconds to warm the part and the flux. As the flux melts, it will first get shiny, then the copper should darken, and finally the flux should begin to sizzle and smoke slightly. This indicates that the pipe is ready for soldering.
If you are inexperienced with working with a torch, especially to heat metal, you should wear insulated gloves to protect from accidental burns.
Be careful to avoid burning your forearm, or any other part of your body, on the heated pipe, which will be hot to the touch.
Focused or extreme heat is not necessary to melt your flux; the paste will melt at a relatively low temperature.
13. **Assemble the connecting pieces.** Again, taking care not to burn yourself on a heated part, you should insert the tube end into the fitting cup firmly until you feel the tube come to rest against the base of the cup. Twist your pipe slightly to spread the flux evenly inside the joint.
14. **Reheat the entire fitting.** Now that your pieces are joined, you'll want to heat these again to prepare for the application of solder. Pass your torch evenly over the copper of the fitting. Unevenly heated copper could cause uneven melting of your solder and compromise your watertight seal.
15. **Test your fitting to verify proper soldering temperature.** You do not want to overheat your pipe and you should avoid applying your torch directly to your flux or solder as well. You can test to see if your pipe is ready for the solder by holding the solder to the pipe. If the solder runs, your pipe is at the right temperature.
If your fitting glows or turns blue, you have applied too much heat and will have to wait for it to cool before trying again.
16. **Begin to solder.** Remove the heat and apply lead-free plumbing solder to the parts of your fitting where one part of the copper fits into another. Maneuver your solder so that it runs into the fit, continuing to apply the solder until it completely seals all gaps in the fitting the entire way around the pipe.
If the joint forms a t-junction, begin at the base, move up to the top, and then down the other side.
If the joint is vertical, move the solder around the joint, covering it evenly.
If the copper is blackened or the solder beads, appears discolored, or drips out, your pipe may be too hot.
Never use acid core solder for sweating copper pipe.
17. **Reheat complex joints.** If you are new at sweating a pipe and work slowly, you may have to reheat part of a t-joint or elbow if your copper pipe has lost too much heat from its first torching. To protect any joints you have already soldered, place a thoroughly damp cloth on the parts you have already soldered, then carefully apply your torch to the part yet to be done.
18. **Clean the soldered joint.** This can be done simply by brushing a little more flux paste while the copper remains warm. Then you can wipe your newly sweated joint clean with a cloth.
Do not try to cool the pipe rapidly with water or you may damage the joint.
Do not tighten the fixture you are soldering or move the joint until it has fully cooled.
19. **Check for leaks in your pipe.** After your copper has fully cooled and you've restored the flow of water to the line, leaks or drips mean you'll have to repeat the process again. Unfortunately, you will not be able to fix the problem by simply adding more solder to the joint, and will have to reheat the pipe, pull the joint apart, clean off previously applied materials, and start from the beginning. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Sweat-Copper-Pipe", "language": "en"} |
How to Clean Microfiber Cloths | Microfiber cloths are extremely useful for cleaning up dust around your home or from screens. In order to prolong their life and cleaning power, it's important to carefully clean microfiber cloths separately from other items. Wash microfiber cloths by hand in clean water, or in a washing machine with liquid laundry detergent. To dry microfiber cloths, hang them to air dry to keep them from accumulating lint in the dryer. By cleaning your microfiber cloths properly, they'll last for hundreds of uses!
1. **Put the dirty cloths in a clean bucket filled with cool or warm water.** Fill a clean bucket, big enough to hold all the cloths you want to wash, with clean cool or warm water. Toss the cloths in and let them soak for a few minutes.
Hand washing works best for cleaning microfiber cloths that have been used to clean dry messes, such as for dusting. For dirtier cloths or those used to mop up spills, you will need to machine-wash them.
2. **Use your hands to move the cloths around in the water to release dirt.** Swirl the microfiber cloths around in the bucket of water to loosen dust and other grime they have accumulated. You only need to do this for a minute or two.
Don’t use detergent or any other cleaning products for this method. To get dust and light dirt out, all you need is clean water and a little agitation.
3. **Rinse the cloths out under cool running water and wring out the excess water.** Take each cloth out and hold it under a running tap to rinse out any remaining dust and dirt. Wring out the excess water so that the cloths are not dripping.
If this doesn't work to get the dirt and dust out of the cloths, then you will need to launder them in a washing machine to clean them thoroughly.
4. **Hang up the cloths and let them air dry.** Hang each cloth up separately from other items on clothes hangers or a clothes line. Let them air dry completely before using them to clean again.
Avoid drying microfiber cloths in a drying machine. Drying machines are full of lint and dust that the cloths will just pick up. If you absolutely must dry them in a machine, then tumble dry them with no heat and apart from other items.
5. **Pretreat any stains or spots with a drop of liquid laundry detergent.** Rub a drop of liquid laundry detergent into each side of the stain with the tip of a finger. Let it soak in for 5 minutes before you launder the cloth.
Wash microfiber cloths used to clean in the kitchen, bathroom, or used to clean liquid or greasy messes after each use.
6. **Put the dirty cloths in the washing machine separate from other items.** Always wash microfiber cloths separately from other items, especially cotton clothing. This will keep them from picking up more lint.
Certain types of fabrics will rub against the cloths and break down the microfiber bristles which will decrease their effectiveness as well.
7. **Put 1/2 the amount of liquid detergent you would normally use in the machine.** Don’t use powdered laundry detergent because it can damage the microfibers. Close the laundry machine after you put the detergent in.
8. **Run the washing machine on its cold or warm water cycle.** Only use cold or warm water because hot water can damage the microfibers, especially after repeated washes. Cold or warm water with detergent is sufficient to clean and disinfect the cloths.
When washed correctly, microfiber cloths will survive 100-500 wash cycles and retain their effectiveness. Replace them when they start to feel rough, like normal washcloths.
9. **Hang the cloths to air dry.** Remove the cloths from the washing machine and hang them on a laundry line or clothes hangers. Hang them in the sun, if you can, for added disinfection.
Microfiber cloths dry very quickly. They should be dry and ready to use again within an hour. If you can’t wait this long for them to dry, then only tumble dry them with no heat and separately from any other items. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Clean-Microfiber-Cloths", "language": "en"} |
How to Germinate Cannabis Seeds | Cannabis sativa sp. is commonly known as marijuana and has been grown throughout the world for thousands of years. Cannabis seeds germinate in 3 to 7 days, though some varieties may take 10 to 15 days. While germination is a natural process, factors such as light, humidity/moisture, and temperature must be controlled for cannabis seeds to sprout.
1. **Know the law.** Recreational and medicinal marijuana use is legal in 4 states (Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, and Washington) and Washington D.C. whereas marijuana can only be possessed and used for medically prescribed purposes in 19 states. It is important you familiarize yourself with state laws and regulations before attempting home cultivation. In a search engine, type the "state name" plus "marijuana laws".
2. **Comply with state regulations and restrictions.** Cannabis cannot be grown at home, and can only be obtained with a prescription from a licensed physician from licensed dispensaries in Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Maryland, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, and Washington D.C. In Nevada and Arizona, you can only cultivate at home if you live 25 miles or more from a dispensary or receive a hardship waiver.
Most states do not allow marijuana use for any reason by individuals under 21 years of age.
How many plants you can grow (ranges from 0 to 24) or how much marijuana you can possess at a time (ranges from 1 oz to 24 oz; 10 to 60 day supply) varies by state. You can be fined or arrested if you do not comply.
Most states require you to sign-up and pay a registration fee that can range from $15 to $200.
3. **Comply with federal laws.** Federal laws supersede state laws. The Department of Justice continues marijuana enforcement under the Controlled Substances Act. It is illegal to grow or possess marijuana on public or federal lands, or distribute it to a minor.
4. **Comply with international laws.** Countries outside the U.S. have their own laws and regulations when it comes to growing and possessing cannabis. Research laws in your country to avoid fines or even imprisonment.
Countries where it is legal to grow cannabis include: Colombia (20 plants), Czechia (5 plants), Spain, and Switzerland (4 plants). In all these countries, cannabis can only be grown for personal use (medical or recreational) and cannot be sold or transported out of the country.
5. **Select the seeds you want to germinate.** Cannabis contains over 70 cannabinoids that produce a psychoactive effect in humans, the strongest being delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinal (THC). THC is produced as a sticky resin on the surface of plants. Levels of THC vary based on: part of the plant (buds contain the most followed by the leaves, stems, and seeds), growing conditions, and subspecies. There are three subspecies of cannabis differentiated on the basis of cannabinoid content: sativa, indica, and ruderalis.
Untreated or organically grown seeds will produce 50% male (staminate) and 50% female (pistillate) plants.
Sativa and indica are the most common types of cannabis grown for recreational or medicinal use. Most plants grown today are sativa-indica hybrids.
Indica hybrids are known for their pain-relieving and calming properties, and are good for growing indoors as they only grow 2-3 feet tall and have a diameter of 12-18 inches.
6. **Consider different growing methods.** Growing cannabis indoors is notoriously energy inefficient and can increase you electricity bills more than 10%. Your seeds will have to be germinated indoors. However, if you plan on replanting outside, you should start your seeds by late-March to early-April at the latest.
The growing season for cannabis in the northern hemisphere runs from early May to October.
You want to give plants a headstart and gradually acclimate them to outdoor climates by growing indoors under fluorescent grow lights for 2 to 3 weeks after germination.
Expect germination to take from 2 days up to 2 weeks.
The benefit of growing plants indoors is that you can control temperature, light, and humidity, and they can be grown year-round. Additionally, most states require cannabis to be grown inside in a secure location.
7. **Obtain necessary materials.** This method uses basic items found around your house, though you may have to purchase distilled water and pH test strips.
Feminized cannabis seeds.
1 to 2 gallons of distilled (non-chlorinated) water.
2 clean dinner plates.
1 roll of paper towels.
A warm, dark place to store seeds.
Tweezers (do not handle seeds with your hands).
pH test kit.
Good potting soil.
Seed tray with 1x1 inch cells or plastic cups.
Compact fluorescent Lights.
Grow light timer.
8. **Soak seeds in distilled water for 24 hours.** To distill water at home, fill the container you will use to soak the seeds with tap water and let it sit in the open for 24 hrs to evaporate chlorine. You can also purchase distilled water from a grocery store or plant nursery.
Test the pH of the water with pH test strips. It should measure between 5.8 and 6.5. You want pH of water and soil to be as close to ideal as possible to ensure proper germination.
The seeds will float at first, but eventually sink. You can give the seeds a little tap with the tweezers to help them sink. If they still float after 24 hours, they might not be viable (able to germinate).
9. **Lay two sheets of paper towels over a dinner plate.** Use distilled water at room temperature to moisten the paper towels. Drain-off excess water.
10. **Place cannabis seeds in center of moist paper towel.** Use tweezers to remove seeds from water and place on moistened paper towel. Cover these with two additional moist paper towel sheets. Then, place a second dinner plate over the paper towels and seeds. This will help keep the seeds warm.
Keep the seeds covered and store in a warm, dark place. Ideally the temperature should be between 70-90 degrees Fahrenheit for the seeds to germinate.
Check seeds and paper towels regularly. Re-moisten the paper towels as needed, making sure to drain any excess water.
11. **Plant your germinated seed.** After about 5-6 days (though it may take longer depending on the variety) you should observe a small white taproot extending from one end of the seed. Fill a small plastic cup or seed tray with good potting soil and water until saturated.
Use your finger to create a 1/4 in (0.75 cm) hole and drop your seeds in with the taproot facing down. Cover with loose soil - do not pat or tamp down soil over the seed.
Use a spray bottle to ensure the soil remains moist, but not inundated.
A sprout should appear within 4-6 days, and seedlings should have leaves after 10-14 days.
Set tray or plastic cups with seedlings under a fluorescent (T5, T8, or T12) grow lamp positioned no closer than 2-4 inches above the surface of the soil. Set grow light to a 24 hour light cycle. Germinated seeds and seedlings require 24 hours. This can be reduced to 16 hours of light once the seedling produces leaves.
12. **Obtain necessary materials.** Rockwool cubes are better at retaining water than paper towels, you can maintain a constant pH, and they are easier to transplant after sprouting.
Feminized cannabis seeds.
Set of 1 inch Rockwool cubes.
Small pointed object such as a toothpick or clean nail.
Metal or plastic tweezers.
Waterproof tray to hold water and cubes.
Tweezers (do not handle seeds with your hands).
pH test kit.
pH balancing chemicals (lime juice, pH Up/Down, Phosphoric Acid)
2-liter bottle with plastic lid.
A warm, dark place to store seeds.
Good potting soil.
Seed tray with 1x1 inch cells or plastic cups.
Compact fluorescent Lights.
Grow light timer.
13. **Stabilize and hydrate Rockwool cubes.** Rockwool has an alkaline pH of 7.8, which is too high for cannabis seeds that prefer a more acidic environment (pH 5.5 to 6.5). Fill a bowl with tap water or distilled water. Use test strips to measure pH of water.
You may have to acidify (decrease the pH value) of the water by adding lime juice or pH down. Add this to water in very small increments (a few drops at a time) and remeasure pH with test strips. Repeat until you reach ideal levels. If the pH of the water goes below 5, you will have to discard it and start over, or increase it with pH Up.
Soak Rockwool cubes in water for 1 hour.
Remove Rockwool cubes from water. Do not squeeze or drain water - Rockwool is designed to maintain ideal air to water ratio for several days.
Do not discard water. Pour into a 2-liter plastic bottle or spray bottle and reuse for watering.
14. **Prepare Rockwool cubes for seeds.** Place soaked cubes in a waterproof tray. Some cubes come with preformed holes, but if not use a pointy object (clean nails work fine) to create a 1/4 inch (0.75 cm) hole in one side. Make sure the hole is wide enough for the seed to fit.
Place 1 cannabis seed in each hole, use a toothpick or tweezers to gently push it down to the bottom.
Cover the hole with a small piece of Rockwool to create a dark, moist environment.
15. **Cover tray with clear plastic dome or saran wrap.** This will help maintain a humid environment by trapping moisture and retaining heat. Place covered tray with cubes 2 to 3 inches under a 40 Watt fluorescent tube. Leave the lights on 24 hours. It should take between 24 hours and 10 days for a sprout to appear.
Place a thermometer neck to the tray, underneath the dome or saran wrap. Monitor the temperature, ensuring it does not go below 70 or above 90 degrees Fahrenheit.
Cannabis seeds do not require light until their sprouts penetrate the top of the cube. However, it is good to have a light source set-up and ready for when they do sprout - especially since you cannot monitor the seeds 24/7.
Check Rockwool cubes 2-3 times a day. Re-moisten them with the pH-balanced water (stored in a 2-liter plastic bottle) if needed. Spray or trickle water onto the cubes until you observe it soaking through and coming out at the bottom. The cubes should be damp, not drenched.
16. **Transplant sprouted seeds.** After 2-3 weeks, the roots should begin poking out of the Rockwool cube. You want to transplant your seedling before the roots begin to tangle. Cut 1 1/4 inch wide by 1 inch deep holes into a slab of Rockwool. Remove the 1 inch Rockwool cubes, being careful not to touch or damage the roots (you might want to use tongs for this part), and place in holes you already cut out in the big Rockwool slab.
If the cube does not fit (too small), gently remove it and widen or deepen the cut. Do not try to force the cube into a hole that is too small.
The cube should not sink down into the hole or be lower than the surrounding surface. It is better if the cube sticks out a bit rather than sinking in. This prevents water from pooling that can cause stem rot.
17. **Germinate cannabis directly in soil rather than hydroponically.** Germinating and growing seeds in soil is beneficial in that it reduces the risk of damaging the plant after it has sprouted or transplanting as a seedling. You can purchase a propagation kit or create your own. You will need:
Feminized cannabis seeds.
Small peat cups.
Waterproof tray to hold peat cups.
40 watt fluorescent grow light.
Thermometer.
pH test strips.
pH balanced water (pH 5.5 to 6.5) in a spray bottle.
Saran wrap.
18. **Select appropriate potting soil or create your own soil mix.** Purchase a soil mix that is entirely organic, such as Sunshine Mix or Pro mix, as many commercial blends contain too much nitrogen or phosphorous. If you purchase a soil mix, check the bag to make sure the pH is between 5.5 to 7. Cannabis does not like alkaline (high pH) soil.
Choose a soil mix that drains well. Mixes that drain well often contain a one-to-ten ratio of sand, sponge rock, or pearlite. You can also purchase pearlite separately and mix it in, or add porous materials such as rice hulls or pumice.
You can also purchase a mycorrhizae mixture to add to store-bought soil. This is a fungus that is beneficial to plant root growth.
If you create your own soil mix rather than buying commercial potting mix, it needs to be sterilized to kill fungus and parasites. Preheat your oven to 180 degrees Fahrenheit. Fill a non-plastic oven safe container with unsterilized soil, making sure it is no more than 4 inches deep. Cover it with aluminum foil and bake for 30 minutes. Remove from oven and set aside to cool. Do not remove aluminum foil until ready to use.
19. **Fill peat cups with soil mix and plant cannabis seed.** Once you prepare your soil mix, and sterilize it if necessary, use it to fill peat cups. Use your finger to make a small 1/4 inch (0.75 cm) deep hole in the center of the cup. Drop a single cannabis seed in the hole and loosely cover with soil. Place peat cups in waterproof tray. Using a spray bottle filled with pH-balanced water (between 5.5 to 6.5), moisten but do not drench the soil. Stop watering if you notice water seeping out of the cups into the tray.
Use saran wrap to create a dome over the tray. You can place a cup in the center of the tray or use toothpicks to support the plastic dome.
Once the seeds have been planted, place the covered tray with cups under a 40 watt fluorescent light positioned 3 inches above the tray. Leave on 24 hours until plants begin to sprout.
Check soil 2 to 3 times a day to make sure it is moist. If needed, spray with pH-balanced water.
20. **Monitor the environment.** Cannabis germination and growth can be affected by environmental factors such as moisture, temperature, insects, bacteria and fungi, and ultraviolet radiation.
Set a thermometer next to the peat cups under the saran wrap dome. The ideal temperature for germination of cannabis seeds in soil is 90 degrees Fahrenheit. Once they sprout and produce leaves, you can decrease the temperature to 70 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit.
If you notice insects, remove them manually with your hands as soon as possible to prevent an infestation. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Germinate-Cannabis-Seeds", "language": "en"} |
How to Find the Magnitude of a Vector | A vector is a geometrical object that has both a magnitude and direction. The magnitude is the length of the vector, while the direction is the way it's pointing. Calculating the magnitude of a vector is simple with a few easy steps. Other important vector operations include adding and subtracting vectors, finding the angle between two vectors, and finding the cross product.
1. **Determine the components of the vector.** Every vector can be numerically represented in the Cartesian coordinate system with a horizontal (x-axis) and vertical (y-axis) component. It is written as an ordered pair v=<x,y>{\displaystyle v=<x,y>}.
For example, the vector above has a horizontal component of 3 and a vertical component of -5, therefore the ordered pair is <3, -5>.
2. **Draw a vector triangle.** When you draw the horizontal and vertical components, you end up with a right triangle. The magnitude of the vector is equal to the hypotenuse of the triangle so you can use the Pythagorean theorem to calculate it.
3. **Rearrange the Pythagorean theorem to calculate the magnitude.** The Pythagorean theorem is A + B = C. “A” and “B” are the horizontal and vertical components of the triangle while “C” is the hypotenuse. Since the vector is the hypotenuse you want to solve for “C”.
x + y = v
v = √(x + y))
4. **Solve for the magnitude.** Using the equation above, you can plug in the numbers of the ordered pair of the vector to solve for the magnitude.
For example, v = √((3+(-5)))
v =√(9 + 25) = √34 = 5.831
Don't worry if your answer is not a whole number. Vector magnitudes can be decimals.
5. **Determine the components of both points of the vector.** Every vector can be numerically represented in the Cartesian coordinate system with a horizontal (x-axis) and vertical (y-axis) component. It is written as an ordered pair v=<x,y>{\displaystyle v=<x,y>}. If you are given a vector that is placed away from the origin of the Cartesian coordinate system, you must define the components of both points of the vector.
For example, the vector AB has an ordered pair for point A and point B.
Point A has a horizontal component of 5 and a vertical component of 1, so the ordered pair is <5, 1>.
Point B has a horizontal component of 1 and a vertical component of 2, so the ordered pair is <1, 2>.
6. **Use a modified formula to solve for the magnitude.** Because you now have two points you are dealing with, you must subtract the x and y components of each point before you solve using the equation v = √((x2-x1) +(y2-y1)).
Point A is ordered pair 1 <x1, y1> and point B is ordered pair 2 <x2, y2>
7. **Solve for the magnitude.** Plug in the numbers of your ordered pairs and calculate the magnitude. Using our above example the calculation looks like this:
v = √((x2-x1) +(y2-y1))
v = √((1-5) +(2-1))
v = √((-4) +(1))
v = √(16+1) = √(17) = 4.12
Don't worry if your answer is not a whole number. Vector magnitudes can be decimals. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Find-the-Magnitude-of-a-Vector", "language": "en"} |
How to Prevent Hyacinth Flowers from Flopping | Hyacinths are a beautiful spring flower with an intoxicating fragrance. However, the flowers tend to be top-heavy, which can cause the narrow stem to snap. Whether your hyacinths are planted in your garden or arranged in a vase, it's easy to keep them from flopping over.
1. **Choose a location with good light to plant your bulbs.** Hyacinths need about 5 hours of light each day in order for the stems to grow strong. In weak light, the stems will be thin and the blooms will easily snap the stalk.
2. **Plant hyacinth bulbs 4 inches (10 cm) deep.** If the bulbs aren't planted deep enough, the plant's stem won't have enough strength to support the weight of the flowers when the hyacinth blooms. A depth of about 4 inches (10 cm) will help ensure the hyacinth grows strong.
Grape hyacinths should be planted 2–3 inches (5.1–7.6 cm) deep.
3. **Maintain a temperature of around 46–65 °F (8–18 °C).** Plants with bulbs tend to flower in cooler temperatures, so you shouldn't let your hyacinths get above 65 °F (18 °C). Keep the temperature steady, as fluctuations can increase the risk of root rot.
4. **Keep the soil moist but not overly wet.** Hyacinths need a lot of water, but too much moisture will cause the bulb to rot. Keep your hyacinth strong by keeping it in well-drained, moist soil.
5. **Rotate your hyacinth regularly if it's in a pot.** Your hyacinth will naturally grow towards the sun. This can cause it to bend, making it more susceptible to snapping. If it's in a planter, turning it every few days will help it to grow straight.
6. **Cut a stake so it's the height of your plant, plus 4 inches (10 cm).** Since hyacinths are a top-heavy flower, they have a tendency to flop over even if they are grown under ideal conditions. They often need some kind of support, such as being tied to a stake.
7. **Tie the stakes to the stems if your hyacinths start to droop.** Place your stake about 1 inch (2.5 cm) the stalk of your hyacinth, inserting it into the ground about 4 inches (10 cm). Attach the plant to the stake with twine.
To secure the plant, tie the plant to the stake with 3 pieces of twine: one at the top of the plant, one in the middle, and one at the bottom.
8. **Use a forked stake for more support.** If you like, you can use a forked stake or twig from a nearby tree to support the bloom on your hyacinth. Nestle the flower into the fork, then tie the stem of the hyacinth to the stake.
9. **Push wire through the flower and down into the bulb for invisible support.** Most hyacinths are discarded after they flower, so it won't matter if the wire damages the bulb. Use a sturdy floral wire, available at any garden store.
10. **Cut or dig up your hyacinth blooms early in the morning.** Plants are most hydrated in the morning, since they've gotten moisture from the night air and the morning dew. This hydration fills the stems with water and makes your plants stand up straighter.
11. **Leave your hyacinth on the bulb if you choose.** Some people prefer to leave their hyacinths attached to the bulb. In this case, dig up your hyacinth, rinse it under cold water, and place the entire plant into a vase.
12. **Cut the stem 1 inch (2.5 cm) above the ground if you don't want the bulb.** This should leave enough stem to support the weight of the flower. Use garden shears to cut your flowers, as kitchen shears will crush the flower's vascular system and prevent water uptake. This will cause your flower to droop.
13. **Place your cut flowers in a bucket of water immediately.** If air gets into the stem, it will prevent your flower from being able to take in water from the vase. Submerging your flower stems in water immediately after cutting the stems will help prevent this.
14. **Insert a pin into the stem just below the bloom if your flower is still drooping.** The sticky substance inside of a hyacinth can prevent water uptake. If you insert a small pin about 1 inch (2.5 cm) below the bloom, it will help the flower siphon water through the stem, causing it to perk back up. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Prevent-Hyacinth-Flowers-from-Flopping", "language": "en"} |
How to Apply Makeup Without Your Parents Noticing | It can be really frustrating when you want to wear makeup but you aren’t allowed. Your parents might feel like you're not old enough yet or they may have other reasons for disapproving. It’s important to always be respectful, but if you’re determined to go around your parents, there are ways you can wear makeup that look very natural so they might not notice. You might also need to take extra precautions, like putting on your makeup after you go to school and not leaving your makeup where your parents will find it.
1. **Wash and moisturize your skin every day.** If you want your makeup to look natural, you need to start with clean, hydrated skin. Every morning and every night, wash your face with a gentle facial cleanser. Then, apply a lightweight face moisturizer that’s made for your skin type, such as oily, dry, or combination.
Regular soap can be too harsh, so it may dry out your skin.
Ask your parents if you can have a moisturizer with SPF to protect your skin from the sun every day.
2. **Start by only using 1-2 products at first.** It can take a little practice to make your makeup look natural when you start wearing it, so it’s best to try out just one or two products at a time, especially if you’re trying to get away with wearing makeup without anyone noticing. If there’s an area of your face you feel self-conscious about, or if there’s something you really love that you’d like to show off, start with a product you can use there.
For instance, if you think you have really pretty eyes and lips and you want to draw attention to them, you might wear a light coat of mascara and lip gloss. If you have dark circles under your eyes, you might wear a little concealer to feel more confident.
3. **Choose makeup that matches your skin tone.** If you want your makeup to look subtle, it's important to choose a color that's as close as possible to the natural color of your skin. If it's possible, test out the makeup on the back of your hand before you buy it, since this is typically a similar color to the skin on your face.
You can also test the color along your jawline to ensure it blends well.
4. **Use concealer** If you have a stick concealer, gently dot the end of the stick across the area you want to cover, then tap your fingers over the concealer to blend it. If you have liquid concealer, put a little on your fingertip, then tap it into place until it’s blended.
You’ll know the concealer is blended when you can’t see any edges anymore. If you need more coverage, you can add another light layer, but remember, you want the look to be subtle so your parents won't notice!
5. **Try a tinted moisturizer if you want to even out the color of your face.** If some parts of your face are redder or a slightly darker color than the rest of your face, a lightweight, tinted moisturizer can help your skin tone look more even. However, they’ll still look natural, so no one should be able to tell that you’re wearing anything on your face!
BB cream and CC cream are lightweight, moisturizing foundations that brighten your complexion and even out your skin tone. You may even be able to find a product with SPF in it to protect your skin from sun damage.
6. **Dust on a very light amount of powder if your skin tends to be oily.** If you notice that your face looks shiny throughout the day, you may want to wear a little sheer powder to help absorb the natural oils on your face. Use the puff that comes in your powder compact to pat powder across your forehead, nose, cheeks, and chin.
If you can see any obvious powder left behind on your face, run the puff over it in a circular motion until it’s gone.
Some powder doesn’t come with a puff, and you’ll need to apply it with a brush. If you’re trying to hide your makeup, it’s best to find a powder that already comes with the puff so you don’t have to buy a separate tool.
Avoid products that are labeled as "powder foundations," as these provide thicker coverage that will look more noticeable.
7. **Wear blush to add color and dimension to your complexion.** For the most subtle effect, look for a blush that’s about the same shade of red that your cheeks turn when you blush. This will create a soft effect that will bring out your natural beauty. If you’re using powder blush, lightly swipe the brush across the powder, then swirl the brush onto the fullest part of your cheeks, called the apples.
Cream and gel blushes can be very subtle, as well. Gently brush your middle or ring finger across the blush, then tap your fingertip across the apples of your cheeks until it’s blended completely.
8. **Wear a neutral eyeshadow** If your eyelids have a slightly blue or purple tinge, or if they’re uneven in color, try wearing a thin layer of a neutral-colored eyeshadow. A cream formula that’s close to your skin color will give you the most natural look, but you can wear a little powder eyeshadow in a similar shade as well.
If you want to add dimension, you can use a slightly lighter shade in the inner corners of your eyes. However, avoid anything too sparkly, or it will look obvious.
9. **Swipe on a single coat of mascara to emphasize your lashes.** If your lashes are pale or short, or you just want to bring out your eyes, a coat of mascara can make your eyes look wider and brighter. Just place the wand at the base of your lashes and wiggle it slightly, then sweep it upward all the way to the tips of your lashes. You can apply a little to your bottom lashes, too, but only apply a very light coat or it will look obvious.
If there are any clumps in your lashes, use a cotton swab or your fingers to remove them.
If you have light hair or lashes, use brown mascara, and only use black if you have naturally black hair. For an even more subtle look, curl your lashes with an eyelash curler and then apply a coat of clear mascara.
You'll probably need to get eye makeup remover if you're planning on wearing brown or black mascara, because it can be hard to wash off.
10. **Moisturize your lips with lip balm.** Lipstick and lip gloss can look really obvious, but you can get a more natural effect by wearing lip balm. You may even be able to find a tinted lip balm for a subtle wash of color that won’t be super noticeable.
If you have chapped lips, you may be able to get your parents to agree to let you wear lip balm, even if they’re not okay with you wearing more traditional types of makeup.
11. **Buy makeup when you go shopping with a friend.** When you get a chance to go out with a friend, look for inexpensive makeup brands that you can buy to start your collection. Try to pick colors that are close to your natural skin color for the most subtle effect. After you pay for the makeup, throw away any packaging or receipts and hide the makeup in your purse or a shopping bag.
If you have a debit card, withdraw cash to pay for your makeup so your parents can’t look at your statement and see what you spent.
Make sure the friend you’re shopping with isn’t someone who’ll tell on you!
12. **Choose costumes that will give you an excuse to buy makeup whenever possible.** If you have a good excuse to buy makeup, you won’t have to sneak around to do it. For Halloween, for instance, try to come up with a costume that you would wear makeup for, like a flower child from the 70s.
School plays are another great excuse to get makeup!
13. **Put on your makeup on after you leave if you think they'll be able to tell.** If your parents are really observant, or if you want to try out a more dramatic makeup look, you’ll probably need to put it on after you leave your home. For instance, you might do your makeup in the school bathroom before the first bell, or you could do it on the way to school if you ride the bus.
Avoid going overboard with your makeup even if you think your parents won't see you. They may show up wherever you are unexpectedly, and it will also be harder to clean off without leaving any traces.
Remember to wash your face before you go home!
14. **Don't leave your makeup laying out at home.** If you don’t want your parents to know you’re wearing makeup, make sure you put it away every time you use it. Either put it away somewhere they won't look, like the bottom of a dresser drawer, or take it with you.
For instance, you might keep your makeup in a pencil case in your bookbag or purse.
Ask a friend to keep your makeup for you if you're still afraid your parents will find it, like if you think they might go through your dresser or backpack. Make sure you give it to someone trustworthy, though, so your makeup doesn't get lost or stolen.
15. **Remember that disobeying your parents can get you into trouble.** Before you sneak around, ask yourself if it's worth the upset if you get caught. Lying to your parents about makeup might mean they don’t trust you about other things, either, which could affect your ability to hang out with your friends or participate in your favorite activities.
If you do try any of these techniques, you might consider saving them for a special occasion, like a school dance or a field trip. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Apply-Makeup-Without-Your-Parents-Noticing", "language": "en"} |
How to Apply Eye Cream | Your eyes are one of the most prominent features on your face. It's natural that you want the area around your eyes to look its best. The skin that surrounds the eye is very thin and extremely delicate, and many times is among the first to show signs of aging. Using an eye cream can counteract problem areas. To realize its full benefit, you must first learn to properly apply eye cream.
1. **Wash your face.** Your eye cream will absorb better if you place it on a clean surface. Take care to wash your face before you apply eye cream. Do this whether you are using a night cream, a day cream, or both.
Use warm water to wash your face. If the water is too hot, it can strip your face of moisture.
Choose a gentle cleanser. Use a cream cleanser to add extra moisture to your skin.
Wet your face, then gently massage cleanser onto your entire face, using circular motions. Rinse the cleanser off, then pat your face dry with a clean, soft towel.
2. **Scoop cream from jar.** After washing and drying your face, apply any serums or toners that you use. Your eye cream should be the last thing that you apply in your skin care routine. Make sure to wash your hands before touching the cream.
Most eye creams come in small jars. After washing your hands, use your ring finger to scoop cream from the jar.
Eye creams are typically much thicker than regular moisturizers. Because of this, a little goes a long way.
You will need an amount of cream about the size of a pea. Start small, and add more if you need to.
If you are using a gel instead of a cream, use the same process. You might need a slightly larger amount.
3. **Apply cream to the area around your eye.** It is important to use your ring (or fourth) finger to apply eye cream. It is the weakest of your fingers. By using your ring finger, you are less likely to accidentally apply too much pressure and damage the sensitive skin around your eyes.
Pat the cream onto the area around your eye. Do not rub, as you could tear the gentle skin.
Take care to go all the way around your orbital socket, which is the bone that surrounds your eye. You can feel its circular shape. Eye cream needs to be applied to this entire area.
Use your sunglasses as a guideline. You should apply cream to any part of your face that is covered by your shades.
4. **Choose the right time.** Some eye creams are made specifically to use at night. They are typically thicker, and may have anti-aging ingredients. Apply your eye cream at least 15 minutes before going to bed.
It is important to allow your skin time to absorb the cream. Otherwise, it could run into your eyes when you lie down. You also don't want it to rub off on your pillow.
If you feel that your eye cream stings your eyes, you might be applying it too close to bedtime. Try putting it on earlier in the evening so it has time to absorb. Always avoid the eye lids.
If you are especially concerned about the skin around your eyes, you may also want to use a morning eye cream. Allow it to set for 15 minutes after application before applying makeup.
5. **List your priorities.** Your eyes are one of your most prominent facial features. It makes sense that you want to enhance them with healthy, beautiful skin. Before purchasing an eye cream, take a minute to think about your priorities.
Eye creams do many things. For example, some eye creams are good for treating puffiness. If your eyes are a bit swollen, look for a product that mentions reducing redness and puffiness.
For others, wrinkles and fine lines are the main concern. Look for an eye cream with antioxidants and vitamins that can help repair skin.
Any eye cream that you choose should be fragrance free. Fragrances can irritate your skin and should be avoided on all parts of your face.
6. **Try some samples.** Eye creams can be rather expensive. You might balk at the price, especially for something that comes in such a small container. Before committing to a product, consider trying some different options.
Do your research. Many magazines and websites offer tips on which eye creams are most effective. Start looking for ones that interest you.
Visit a store. Many department stores are happy to offer samples of their skin care products. Approach several cosmetic counters and ask if they offer this service.
Remember that eye creams can take a few weeks to really begin improving your skin. However, by trying samples, you can at least find one with a texture and feel that you like.
7. **Ask for advice.** Your skin is the largest organism on your body. Sometimes caring for it can be a challenge. Luckily, there are several types of experts you can consult.
Schedule a facial. A licensed aesthetician can examine your skin and offer you personalized advice. She can also recommend eye creams that will work best for your skin.
Visit a dermatologist. Cosmetic dermatologists are doctors who can help you to make your skin look better. They will customize their advice to your needs.
Talk to your friends. Do you have a friend who never seems to have dark circles or bags under her eyes? Ask her which eye cream she uses.
8. **Stay hydrated.** If you are going to use eye cream, you should also take steps to make sure that your skin is overall healthy. One of the most important parts of skin care is hydration. Take steps to make sure that your skin receives the right amount of moisture.
Hydrating your skin doesn't actually have to do with drinking a vast amount of water. Instead, it means making sure that your skin receives enough moisture from the environment.
Consider a humidifier. If your home is dry, a humidifier can add extra moisture to the air.
Cold air dries out your skin. Wear a scarf over your face in cold weather.
Moisturize your face and body immediately after showering. This will help lock in moisture.
9. **Create an effective routine.** Taking good care of your skin requires some effort. A healthy facial skin care routine involves several steps. Make sure to wash your face with a gentle cleanser.
Wash your face twice a day. Any more than that can dry or damage your skin.
Consider using a toner or serum. These liquids can help soften and tone the skin.
Moisturize your entire face. Use a day cream in the morning, and a thicker night cream before bed.
Don't forget SPF. Make sure to use products with sunscreen anytime you leave the house.
10. **Get some rest.** Lack of sleep can do a lot of damage to your skin. This is especially true for the sensitive area around your eyes. If you don't get enough rest, you could suffer from puffiness and dark circles.
Get enough sleep. Aim for between 7-9 hours each night.
Try to relax. Stress can cause the same damage as not getting enough sleep.
Try yoga or mediation. Both can reduce tension and help you get glowing, youthful skin. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Apply-Eye-Cream", "language": "en"} |
How to Propagate Azaleas | Azalea propagation refers to the process of breeding the big, showy flowers that bloom on shrubs in many yards and gardens. There are many different methods to accomplish this task, which anyone with a pair of gardening gloves and some shears can manage. Follow these steps for how to propagate azaleas.
1. **Look through the azalea bush and select a branch that is low hanging.**
2. **Dig a rut under, and parallel to, the branch, approximately 2 inches (5.08 cm) deep.**
3. **Score a portion of the branch and apply liquid fertilizer.**
4. **Push the branch into the rut and bury several inches (approximately 10.16 cm) of it with potting soil.**
5. **Weigh the branch down.** This can be done with bricks, stones, or chunks of wood.
6. **Allow a year for the branch to form independent roots.**
7. **Trim the clone away from the original plant once it has developed a healthy root system.**
8. **Prepare a pot of moist, loose soil, approximately 6 inches (15.24 cm) deep, several days in advance.**
9. **Assure that it is generously watered.**
10. **Look for your sample toward the top of the plant, where new shoots are forming.**
11. **Trim a swatch that is approximately 4 inches (10.16 cm) long.**
12. **Select a branch that is pliable, yet firm.**
13. **Remove all of the leaves, except for those at the top end.**
14. **Dampen the branch, seal it in plastic, and then allow it to chill for several hours.**
15. **Score the bottom portion of the branch, about 1/2 inch (1.27 cm) up.**
16. **Dip the bottom inch (2.54 cm) of the branch in liquid or powdered fertilizer.**
17. **Remove the excess fertilizer by blotting the branch with a rag, or shaking it, depending on the type of fertilizer.**
18. **Create a hole for each cutting, using a pencil.**
19. **Space the holes out in 2 to 4 inch (5.08 to 10.16 cm) increments.**
20. **Insert the cuttings and water generously, avoiding the leaves.**
21. **Cover the entire pot with plastic to prevent it from drying out.**
22. **Place the pot in a place that is well lit, but out of direct sunlight.**
23. **Allow 8 weeks for the root system to develop.**
24. **Unseal the plastic covering gradually during the ninth week.**
25. **Transplant the cuttings to a mixture of peat moss and sand.**
26. **Move the pots indoors when the temperature is below freezing, for the first year.**
27. **Pull the seed pods from the plants at the beginning of autumn.**
28. **Confirm that they are not fully brown, and still sealed.**
29. **Place the seed pods of each variety in a paper bag, labeling the bags to reflect the species.**
30. **Wait about a month for the pods to open.**
31. **Clean the seeds.**
32. **Plant the seeds in the winter, in the following manner.**
33. **Prepare a pot of peat moss and sand, one for each species, entirely full except for the top inch (2.54 cm).**
34. **Fill the gap with peat moss exclusively.**
35. **Water the soil mixture generously, and then allow it to drain.**
36. **Scatter the seeds into the soil and water it gently.**
37. **Seal the pot in plastic thoroughly.**
38. **Place the pot under a faux lighting system.**
39. **Wait six weeks to two moths for the seeds to sprout.**
40. **Remove the sprouts with a toothpick and transplant them to several other pots.**
41. **Space the sprouts out at 2 to 3 inch (5.08 to 7.62 cm) intervals.**
42. **Water the surrounding soil gently.**
43. **Seal the pots in plastic once again.**
44. **Replace the faux lighting and wait until the temperature is consistently above freezing
** When moving the plants outdoors, be sure to place them in the shade.
45. **Remove the plastic after about a week.**
46. **Water generously.**
47. **Wait a year to replant the growing seedlings.**
48. **Portion the soil into cubes, rather than sorting the roots.**
49. **Place the individual plants in a shady area and water them generously.** | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Propagate-Azaleas", "language": "en"} |
How to Make Blowgun Darts | Blowguns are simple and powerful weapons used by tribes in the Amazon forest. They shoot poisonous darts that either paralyze the victim or kill it. Darts and blowguns can be made at home with minimal expense. If used responsibly, they can make a fun and impressive toy. Misusing blowguns can be extremely dangerous. In this article I will teach you how to make one at home.
1. **Decide what sort of dart you want.** As a rule, smaller darts will fly faster. Heavier darts will hit harder. This makes a difference whether you want to use your blowgun for precision work (like shooting against a dartboard) or breaking things (like glass). Fundamentally, the process is the same. However, knowing what you want to use your darts for is important before you go out and buy the materials.
The sort of tip you ultimately give your dart will have a significant impact on its use as well.
2. **Acquire supplies.** There are usually two or three parts to a dart. All blowgun darts will have a nail (for impact) and a flight (the part at the end for aerodynamics). Flights can be made by wrapping small pieces of paper into cones. A third part to the dart may be the tip. In some cases, you may want to modify the end of the dart. Whether for safety or utility's sake, you can add something to change your dart's impact.
Type #16 and #18 wire nails are recommended for blowgun darts. Choose between the two based on your preference between speed and impact.
Sticky notes are perfect for the flight. They're already a good size so you won't need to cut off too much. They're also often brightly coloured, which will make it easier to retrieve your darts once you begin firing them.
A tip of a dart can be anything, so long as it doesn't get the way of the dart's natural aerodynamics. For use in your house, some tape to dull the pointy end can help, although some will use a tip to make a dart more damaging.
3. **Make a flight.** Because this is a homemade project, you can go many ways about making a flight for your darts. As mentioned, easy flights can be made by rolling sticky notes into cones. Form them into a cone, and tape the crease to keep them steady. Alternatively, you can glue short pieces of yarn around an ear plug. From there, the nail can impale through the ear plug and function just as well as a dart.
In order to find the perfect length for your cone flights to be, try sticking them in the barrel you'll be using. Cut off at the point where the cone doesn't fit in.
Try to make your darts consistently. It helps to get really good at one kind of dart. What's more, you'll adjust your shooting style to match the weight and impact of that type of ammunition.
4. **Add the nail.** A nail is usually simple to add to your flight. This involves sticking it through the central part of the flight and bringing it all the way forward. In the case of a cone flight, stick the nail through the back end so that the flathead is covered by the cone. From there, hot glue the nail in place. Once the nail is settled, you are ready to add a tip.
5. **Decide between soft and hard-tipped darts.** Just as with the making of the dart frames themselves, tipping darts begins with a choice. Before giving darts a tip, you should have a solid idea what you'll be using the darts for, and what you'll likely be aiming them at. Soft tipped darts aren't likely to puncture or break things, so they can be used in indoor settings without fear of damaging anything. In contrast, hard-tipped darts can be used to puncture or shatter targets. Tipping darts doesn't generally take as much time as making the rest of the dart, but the possibilities are much more varied.
For the sake of safety, if you're just starting out with making darts, it's recommended you begin with soft-tipped darts. That way, you can perfect your craft before moving trying something that could potentially hurt someone. For this reason, soft-tipped darts are becoming more popular.
You can make projectiles from most anything. Just make sure there is enough mass to the projectiles for them to gather velocity.
6. **Leave the dart nail as is.** Most dart styles have a pointed tip. This allows the dart to puncture its target. If you've made your own darts using a nail for the flight, your dart will come pre-equipped with a hard-tipped puncture dart. If you have precision metalworking equipment, you can sharpen the nail tip further or dull the end.
7. **Tape the nail end.** Taping the nail end is a quick way of giving yourself a functional soft-tip. Tape will dull off the end and lessen the risk of your darts puncturing anything. It should be kept in mind, however, that this approach does not make the darts totally safe. For a truly safe soft-tipped dart, you will want to replace the nail with something different.
8. **Give your darts a metal head.** Metal headed darts are sometimes called "glass breakers", due to their shattering force. To make a glass breaker, you should remove the nail shaft from your dart. Using the hole it's created in the cone, slide a small screw in, with the screw head facing forward. These screws should be kept fairly small. They need to be small enough to be projected, and it doesn't take a lot of size to shatter a glass target.
Metal head darts can be purchased professionally as well, if you ant something that packs extra punch but don't want to invest the time in making it.
9. **Repeat until you have a stockpile.** One dart could technically suffice, but it makes more sense to rack up, at least, a few of them. That way, you can use the blowgun without having to retrieve the dart each time.
10. **Consider purchasing blowgun darts professionally.** The same as with the blowguns themselves, you can simply choose to buy darts from a professional outlet if you lack the time, materials or skill for it. Outlets like Cabela's have a solid variety of different dart types you can purchase from. If you're thinking of hunting with a blowgun, it's recommended you use professional ammunition.
Expert blowgun users may go as far as to modify professional darts after they buy them. It requires professional-grade metalworking equipment for customizations to reasonably benefit you however.
11. **Use marshmallows for ammunition.** As silly as it may sound, marshmallows can make a perfect ammunition for blowguns. Marshmallows are very light, so they tend to shoot very far with a regular amount of force from the blowgun. They can be bought cheaply in bulk from a grocery store, and are completely safe to shoot around indoors.
You can make a fun game out of using marshmallows . You can try to shoot a marshmallow into someone's mouth from a distance. This is great for parties.
12. **Load your blowgun with paintballs.** Paintballs are a great sort of pre-made ammunition. They're usually small and light, so they're perfect for use in a blowgun. Paintballs can get pretty messy, so they're only recommended for use outdoors.
Paintball repeaters are available for purchase. They attach to the mouthpiece end of a blowgun and load a new paintball with the press of a button.
13. **Experiment with different targets.** There are pre-made targets for blowguns you can purchase online. Otherwise, part of the fun of using a blowgun is experimenting with all of the different things you can shoot at. Try combining different types of targets with different kinds of darts and see how different combos turn out.
It is recommended in the long run that you make a wide variety of darts. Certain types of darts favour certain activities, but you're bound to have the most fun if you have the widest range of opportunities at your disposal.
14. **Consider buying a blowgun.** If you're not a DIY type of person, blowguns can be purchased fairly easily at a hunting or firearms store. Generally speaking, the blowguns you get professionally will be more effective than something homemade, and if you're looking for a quick fix, it's something you should look into before putting the time aside to make one yourself.
On that note, you can buy darts as well. However, purchasing everything from a store would rob you of some of the satisfaction of using one you made yourself.
15. **Choose the appropriate materials.** Traditional blowguns were fashioned from hollowed wood. For your own blowgun, there are different sorts of material you can use. If you want to make it natural, river can and bamboo are recommended, as they are already mostly hollow. Assuming you don't have easy access to these supplies, a half-inch PVC pipe is perfect. You can buy these at a hardware store.
A precision cutting knife is necessary to cut pieces down to size.
If you're using something other than a PVC pipe for your gun chassis, you'll need something to burn and smooth out the insides. A ramrod is best if you're working with solid wood. A red-hot steel tip is good for bamboo or river cane, as it will burn out the excess materials inside.
Making a blowgun from a regular, solid piece of wood is not recommended, especially if you haven't done something like this before. All the same, if you do want to try it, you'll need to have a length of wood that could be shaped into a straight pole with a half-inch diameter inside of it. As the hollowing process is time-consuming, you can expect to spend several times the amount of time on this than with other types of blowgun.
16. **Cut your barrel down to size.** A blowgun can be any length between three and seven feet. Longer blowguns generally mean longer ranges, although they're harder to carry and properly aim. Using a precision knife, cut your PVC pipe (or natural substitute) to a length that suits you. If this is your first time building a blowgun and you don't know where to start, make a shorter one. Three-foot blowguns are easiest to use, and you'll get the hang of it without using too much material.
Make sure your cut is clean and straight. Rough or slanted edges will increase drag in the barrel.
17. **Cover your barrel.** A blowgun can always use a cool look. If you're making something from home, part of the enjoyment is in making it look as professional as possible. For the look and traction, it's recommended you wrap it up in a coloured masking tape. Buy a coloured tape from a hardware store you think suits the blowgun. Set the blowgun lengthwise against the blowgun and pull the tape up to wrap partway around it. From there, turn it around and do the same on the other side.
Look up professional designs for blowguns if you need some inspiration on how to cover up your gun.
18. **Add an laser-assisted aim.** In general, blowguns are simple devices. The ranges you'll be shooting from won't make it necessary to have aim assistance, but it can make a fun addition for your blowgun. A laser pointer is perfect for this, as they're very cheap and relatively powerful. Buy one from a dollar store. Set some hot glue 8 1/2 inches away from the firing end of your blowgun and glue it down. Take care to make sure the laser pointer runs perfectly parallel with the gun barrel.
Tape down the laser pointer with some tape to secure it further.
Many laser pointers also come equipped with a flashlight, making your blowgun capable in night situations as well.
Calibrating a scope or laser-assisted aim takes patience. Tape your laser in a place you think you want it to go. Keep shooting in the same place at an optimal range and adjust your scope if the dart doesn't hit where the aim indicates it will go. Set glue and secure it when you've decided on a placement.
19. **Shoot it!** Find a safe target, and have some practice. Lodge a dart in one side, and blow it out the other. Experiment with different arcs and velocities. It helps to have a strong set of lungs. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Blowgun-Darts", "language": "en"} |
How to Dress Gender Neutral: Gender Neutral Outfit Ideas | Self expression, confidence, and comfort is what fashion is truly about. While clothing has no gender, some people lean towards traditionally feminine fashion, while others lean towards stereotypically masculine clothing styles. However, many people want to dress in a way that isn't feminine or masculine. This guide will give you ideas and guidance on how to put together on stylish gender, neutral outfit.
1. **This is one of the most gender neutral pieces someone can wear.** A (white) button up is very versatile and looks good on anyone since it matches with practically any bottoms. Try tucking the top into a pair of jeans or a black pants/trousers for a stylish, casual look.
This top can also look sexy if it's worn a certain way. Unbutton one or two buttons on the shirt for a seductive look.
As an alternative to this, a plain sleeve (white) shirt works.
2. **Many people agree that overalls are a gender neutral piece.** Wear a plain shirt with overalls and a beanie for a minimalist look. This outfit can also hide curves without making your clothes look baggy.
3. **Accessories should add to a good outfit.** Gender neutral accessories can be hard to pick, and can make or break an outfit. Try one of these accessories that work with most outfits:
Suspenders
Baseball caps
Beanies
Scarves
Belts
Ties or bows
Embroidery patches or enamel pins (for a jacket)
Sunglasses (only outside)
4. **Blazers are a staple in an androgynous wardrobe.** A classic blazer is a great addition to the closet for anyone who wants to dress in a genderless or androgynous way. A nice way to style a blazer is make it have some good contrast. If you have a lighter skin tone go for a dark color but if you have a dark skin tone have some bright blazers with colors like yellow.
5. **If you're into street style or the classic 90's fashion, this trendy outfit is just for you.** Choose a pair of dark cargo pants you love with an oversized tee to create a stylish outfit with attitude. This shirt layering technique looks great and has been worn since the 90's by icons like Kurt Cobain. It's also a nice outfit to wear during chilly weather.
6. **This is another trendy style that looks great on anyone of any gender.** Don't panic if you aren’t into skinny jeans--a simple straight-leg pair of jeans might will look good on anybody.
7. **Hoodies are not only casual, but also comfy.** Most people have a favorite hoodie somewhere in their closet or one they wear often. Pair a graphic or solid-color hoodie with a pair of jeans and converse for a classic, and simple 'fit you can wear anywhere.
8. **Bermuda shorts and Hawaiian shirts are popular garments with millions of wearers around the globe.** Wearing both together might not be everyone's idea of sartorial elegance, but go for it if you want! These typically brightly pattern garments give you a chance to wear something colorful, even floral, without it being feminine. Team a loose fit Hawaiian shirt with plain shorts or pants. Try Bermuda shorts with a tee-shirt or a light-weight sweat shirt.
9. **Converse are known for pairing with anything.** Not to mention, they can look super casual. Whatever gender you identify as or whatever look you're trying to pull off, converse will go well with your outfit.
10. **You can use jeans, leggings, shorts, or anything in between!** Polo shirts can come in so many different colors and patterns. They are great for expressing yourself, too. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Dress-Gender-Neutral:-Gender-Neutral-Outfit-Ideas", "language": "en"} |
How to Measure Your Crotch for Pants | Before you cut fabric or buy your next pair of pants, take a few measurements to ensure a good fit. If you have a friend that can help you take measurements, that's great but not necessary. All you need is a measuring tape to learn your crotch depth and length. By using accurate crotch measurements, your pants won't be baggy or too tight.
1. **Sit straight in a chair to measure your crotch depth.** The distance from your waist to the bottom of your crotch is called the crotch depth. If you're working with a sewing pattern, this is shown as a vertical line from the top of the pants to the bottom of the crotch curve.
Put on a pair of pants that fits or just take the depth measurement while you're wearing your underwear.
If you don't have a chair nearby, sit flat on a bench or table.
2. **Hold a measuring tape vertically from your waist to the seat of the chair.** Keep the end of the measuring tape firm against your waist and pull the tape down the along the curve of your hip until you reach the chair. This gives you the crotch depth measurement.
The crotch depth is sometimes called the rise length.
3. **Stand up straight in front of a mirror to measure your crotch length.** The distance from the back of your waist to the front of your waist is your crotch length. If you're working with a sewing pattern, the crotch length looks like a large U in the center of the pants pattern.
Pay attention to the measuring tape and fix it if it's twisted. If the tape isn't completely smooth, it will make your length measurement inaccurate.
4. **Hold the measuring tape from your waistline so it goes through your legs.** Press the end of the measuring tape at the front of your waist and pull the tape through your legs so it goes around the curve of your bottom. Grab the tape and pull it to the back waist so the tape feels snug all along your crotch. Pinch the tape so you can read this length measurement.
Ensure that the measuring tape wraps along the curves of your belly and button so your pants fit perfectly.
Don't pull so hard that the fabric puckers on the sides of the tape or the measurement will be too short.
5. **Squat a little when you take the length measurement to add flexibility.** Standing up straight when you measure the crotch length gives you a good starting measurement, but you move around when you wear pants. Squat down so your knees stick out a little in front of you and take the length measurement again. If it's larger than your original measurement, use the larger one.
Avoid squatting down to the floor or your length measurement may be too long.
6. **Choose a pair of pants that fit you well to take accurate measurements.** If you're using pants that are too baggy, the excess fabric may throw off your measurements. This is why it's important to measure a pair of pants that fits you comfortably.
Pants that are too tight make it difficult to sit or squat, which makes your crotch measurements too short.
7. **Measure from the front inseam to the waist in order to find the front rise.** Button the pants and lay them flat so there aren't any wrinkles along the crotch. Use a measuring tape to measure from the top of the waistband to the crotch seam. This is the point when the pant leg curves through the vertical crotch seam.
8. **Measure the back rise and add it to the front measurement to find the crotch length.** Flip the pants over and smooth wrinkles from the crotch. Pull the measuring tape from the crotch inseam up to the top of the back waistband. Then, add this number to the front rise number to get the crotch length.
For example, if your front rise measurement is 13 inches (33 cm) and the back rise is 15 inches (38 cm), your crotch length measurement is 28 inches (71 cm).
9. **Take your measurements twice and double-check them.** It's easy to make a mistake when you're taking the measurement and writing it down, so ensure you wrote the right number. Do both measurements again and double-check them against the measurements you wrote.
This is especially important if you'll be using the measurements to cut fabric for a pair of pants. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Measure-Your-Crotch-for-Pants", "language": "en"} |
How to Harvest Cattails | Cattails (Typha) are one of the best survival foods. The roots can be dried and turned into flour. The leaves can be used for salads, the stems can be boiled and the flowers can be roasted. You can even dry their spikes to make torches and weave baskets out of their fibers. They are extremely productive in terms of flour production, with one acre of cattails potentially producing 6,475 pounds of flour. The roots are best harvested in the winter, whereas the shoots are freshest in the spring and early summer.
1. **Look for cattails in marshy areas.** Cattails grow in wet, marshy areas such as along the edge of a pond or a stream. You can find them in wet ditches, as well as bioswales and other marshy spots.
Habitats include wet thickets, swamps, ditches, moist fields and other wetlands.
2. **Avoid harvesting cattails from polluted areas.** If you are foraging for cattails to eat, you should avoid collecting them from heavily polluted roadsides, as well as bioswales and other areas that are likely contaminated. Cattails are increasingly used for the purpose of cleaning contaminated wetlands, such as areas where there is industrial pollution and dangerous chemicals like arsenic.
You should exercise caution wherever it looks like the plants may have been planted with the purpose of remediating a polluted area.
Avoid picking cattails from ponds in urban or suburban developments. Cattails are often planted in order to help clean the contaminated water from the development. You should avoid eating these cattails, since they will have accumulated toxins.
If you are harvesting the cattails to make rope, however, it is fine to collect them from these areas.
3. **Notice the “hot dog” shape on the top of the plant.** Cattails have a memorable shape that may remind you of eating hot dogs on a stick at summer camp. The flower head is brown and looks like a hot dog. Some people describe the flower head as a large cigar. These flower heads contain thousands of seeds.
4. **Look at the thick, linear leaves.** The leaves are long and flat, typically measuring one to three metres in length. You will see twelve to sixteen leaves on each cattail shoot. The cross section of a leaf is D-shaped and between ten and twenty millimeters in width.
5. **Check out the height of cattails.** This edible plant grows to between one and a half and three metres in height. They have a seed pod on the top that looks like a cigar or a hot dog.
6. **Check out the spikes.** The spikes or young shoots of a cattail plant look like large leaks. If you get up close to a bunch of cattails, you will notice the young spikes poking just below or above the water line.
7. **Inspect the brown leaf and the beetle grub.** Look for a leaf that is slightly brown where it meets the stalk. Often, you will find the beetle grub hiding inside this leaf. You can use it as bait for fishing.
8. **Put on your gloves and boots.** Walk out into the marshy crop of cattails. Since cattails grow in wet, marshy areas, you may want to wear rainboots or waders. You could also go barefooted, although you should assess risks like cutting your feet on broken glass. Gloves are also a good idea, since you will be working in the muck.
If you go barefoot, it might be a bit cold.
A risk of going barefoot is cutting your feet on bottles, rocks or other sharp objects.
If you go barefoot, you could easily sprain your ankle on one of the plants.
Ticks and leaches are a concern in some areas and seasons. If it is tick season, you should definitely avoid going barefoot.
9. **Locate the roots.** The roots or “rhizomes” of the plant need to be loosened up, but first you need to find them. Use your hands to follow the stalk or shoot of the plant until you get to the base of the plant, which will likely be in the mud. Feel for one of the branches of the root system.
10. **Loosen up the roots.** Get a grip on the roots of the cattail. Pull and push the roots until you feel the plant loosen up a bit in the mud.
11. **Pull up the cattail.** Hold onto the base of the plant. Pull upwards with all of your strength to remove the cattail. Try to remove as much of the root system as you can. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Harvest-Cattails", "language": "en"} |
How to Stop a Nose Bleed | Nose bleeds, also known as epistaxis, are a common complaint which can occur spontaneously. Nose bleeds occur when the inner lining of one’s nose is hurt or dry. The resulting damage to small blood vessels in the nose induces bleeding. Almost all nose bleeds originate from blood vessels in the front part of the nasal septum, which is the inside middle tissue separating both nostrils. Nose bleeds occur more frequently in patients with nasal allergies, sinusitis, hypertension, or bleeding disorders. If you understand the causes of nose bleeds and know how to handle them, you can better manage your own nose bleeds and prevent future bleeding.
1. **Position your body.** If you do not have a serious issue that led to your nose bleed, you can perform some first aid at home during a nose bleed to help stop it. To begin, sit down, since it is more comfortable than standing. Tilt head forward so that the blood drains through the nostrils.
A towel can be held under your nose to collect the blood.
Do not lie down as this can cause blood to pass down the throat.
2. **Compress the nose.** With a finger and thumb, pinch the lower fleshy end of the nose, completely blocking the nostrils. Pinching at this point directly applies pressure at the region where the blood vessels are damaged. This makes the move more effective since it will help stop the flow of blood. Keep pinching the nose for 10 minutes, then release.
If bleeding continues, reapply pressure for another 10 minutes.
While you do this, breathe through the mouth.
3. **Cool yourself down.** Lowering your body temperature can help reduce the blood flow to your nose. To do this, place ice cubes in your mouth. This helps achieve a lower temperature sooner than cooling the external part of the nose. It also will help you retain the lower temperature for longer.
This is more effective than placing a cold compress over the nose. Cold compresses placed over the nose are not very effective according to a recent clinical study.
You can also suck on a popsicle to achieve the same result.
4. **Use oxymetazoline nasal sprays.** While you have a nose bleed but not on a regular basis, you can try a medicated nose spray if you do not have high blood pressure issues. This medication causes constriction of the blood vessels in your nose. To use, take a small clean cotton ball or gauze piece, add 1-2 drops of the spray to it, insert them into the nostrils, continue pinching the nostrils, and check for bleeding after 10 minutes.
If bleeding has stopped, do not remove the cotton or gauze for about an hour, because bleeding can reoccur.
Frequent use of this drug, which is more than 3-4 days at a time, can cause addiction and nasal congestion.
These sprays are used only if bleeding does not stop on pinching the nose after the first 10 minutes.
5. **Wash your nose and rest.** After bleeding has stopped, you can clean the area around your nose with warm water. After you have cleaned your face, you should rest for a while. This is to help to prevent further bleeding.
You can lie down while resting.
6. **Be gentle on your nose.** Since nose bleeds can be caused by personal actions, there are some preventative methods that will help you prevent nose bleeds in the future. You should avoid picking your nose. Picking can cause an injury to the inner sensitive blood vessels of the nose. It can also detach the blood clots covering previously injured blood vessels and cause further bleeding. You should also keep your mouth open while sneezing to prevent the expulsion of air through the nose.
You should keep the inner lining of your nose moist by gently applying a coating of petroleum jelly or nasal gel inside your nose with a cotton swab twice a day.
Always blow your nose gently and do it one side at a time.
You should also clip the fingernails of children to avoid further injury.
7. **Buy a humidifier.** To increase the humidity in your environment, you should buy a humidifier. You can use a humidifier at home or work to prevent excessive dryness, especially in the wintertime.
If you do not have a humidifier, a metal container with water can be placed on top of heating radiators to humidify the air.
8. **Increase your fiber intake.** Constipation can lead to bearing down to pass hard stool, which causes an increase in nose bleeds because it strains your blood vessels. This can increase arterial pressure momentarily and dislodge blood clots covering previously injured blood vessels, which can eventually result in further nose bleeds. Constipation can be prevented by eating foods high in fiber and increasing your fluid intake.
9. **Eat fiber to keep stools soft.** Do not bear down during bowel movements, since this increases the intra-cerebral arterial pressure thereby increasing the chance of small sensitive blood vessel rupture in the nose
Eating 6 to 12 prunes a day are more effective than dietary fibers and can be used to prevent constipation.
You should also avoid hot and spicy foods. Heat can dilate blood vessels and precipitate bleeding.
10. **Use saline nasal sprays.** Saline nose sprays can be used several times each day to keep the nose moist. These nasal sprays are not as addictive as they only contain salt. If you don't want to buy them, you can make your own.
To make your own, take a clean container. Mix 3 heaping teaspoons of iodide-free salt and 1 rounded teaspoon of baking soda. Mix both the powders together. Then take 1 teaspoon of the powdered mixture and add it to 8 ounces of lukewarm distilled or boiled water. Mix well.
11. **Eat more flavonoids.** Flavonoids, which are a group of natural chemical compounds present in citrus fruits, can improve fragility of blood capillaries. Because of this, you should consider increasing your consumption of citrus fruits. Other foods with a high flavonoid content include parsley, onions, blueberries and other berries, black tea, green tea and oolong tea, bananas, all citrus fruits, Ginkgo biloba, red wine, sea-buckthorns, and dark chocolate (with a cocoa content of 70% or greater).
You should not take flavonoid supplements, such as ginkgo pills, quercetin tablets, grape seed extract, and flaxseed, because they result in a higher flavonoid content and eventual toxicity.
12. **Learn the types of nose bleeds.** The types of nose bleeds rely on which part of the nose the bleeding comes from. In anterior nose bleeds, bleeding arises in the front part of the nose. You can also have a posterior nose bleeds, where bleeding originates in the inner part of the nose. Nose bleeds can also be spontaneous with an unidentifiable cause.
13. **Know the causes.** There are many causes for nose bleeds. When you get one, you should assess which of the causes is most likely the reason you got your nose bleed and avoid the situation if at all possible in the future. You can get a nose bleed because of self-induced trauma, mostly as a result of nasal picking. This is the most common cause in young children. Other causes include substance abuse of drugs such as cocaine, blood vessel disorders, blood clotting disorders, and trauma to the head or face.
Environmental factors such as low humidity, which is common during the winter, can induce mucosal irritation and bleeding. The incidence of nasal bleeding increases in colder weather.
Infections of the nose and sinuses can cause a nose bleed. Allergies can also cause mucosal inflammation, which leads to nose bleeds.
In some special cases, migraine headaches in children have also been proposed as a causative.
Trauma to the face can also cause a nose bleed to occur.
14. **Avoid certain situations.** If you get a nose bleed, you should avoid certain situations and actions which may make it worse. Do not lean backwards. This may cause blood to run down your throat, which could induce vomiting. You should also avoid speaking and coughing. This can irritate the nasal mucosa and re-bleeding can occur.
If you have to sneeze while your nose is bleeding, you should try to expel the air through your mouth so you don't further hurt your nose or cause more bleeding.
Do not blow or pick the nose, especially if the bleeding is decreasing. You can dislodge formed blood clots and bleeding can reoccur.
15. **Visit the doctor.** There are certain situations when you need to visit a doctor. If the bleeding is severe, more than a few drops, lasts more than 30 minutes, and reoccurs frequently, you should see a doctor. You also need to seek medical attention if you become extremely pale, fatigued, or disoriented. This can occur as a result of significant blood loss.
If you have difficulty breathing, especially if blood passes down your throat, you need to see a doctor. This can lead to irritation and coughing. There is a chance of infection as a result, which can eventually cause breathing issues.
You should always see a doctor if the nose bleed began as a result of severe injury to the nose.
You should also see a doctor if you have a nose bleed while you are taking medicine that prevents blood clotting, such as warfarin, clopidogrel, or a daily aspirin. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Stop-a-Nose-Bleed", "language": "en"} |
How to Unschool Yourself and Your Children | Unschooling is a learning method that allows the learner to have greater freedom and control over their learning curriculum. This method emphasizes curiosity and pursuing one's interests, rather than having a standard set of learning objectives. Unschooling is a flexible and creative approach to education.
1. **Discover unschooling.** Unschooling allows a child to learn in their own, individual way, using their natural curiosity and interests. Instead of sitting in a classroom for eight hours a day, they are able to have interactive projects and constant learning opportunities.
Unschooling is incredibly adaptive. It changes and moves with the child and goes at the child's pace. It teaches children that learning happens constantly--not within a rigid structure of 'facts' and tests, but in a natural, non-stressful environment. There is no doing school since you are learning all the time.
Giving children the opportunity and the resources for learning on their own gives them greater independence and a greater ability to take charge for themselves and to make decisions for themselves.
Regular public school tends to be a space more for showing off and for artificial boundaries drawn based on class, race, and gender that perpetuate in children behaviors and boundaries which are already problematic in the wider culture. Most children learn little more than how to work within a system that does not even treat them as people (many students have stories about cheating on tests, lying to avoid getting in trouble, and so on).
2. **Take charge of learning.** Unschooling means that both the parent(s) and the child have to take charge of learning. This does not mean that the parent is responsible for becoming the 'teacher,' so to speak, but to be an active, participant in their child's learning.
This means doing interesting projects and looking up answers to one's own questions.
There are a variety of good books and helpful spaces for parents who are unschooling their children, that can help give them ideas and deal with difficult times. Books like John Holt's Teach Your Own or Grace Llewellyn's The Teenage Liberation Handbook. Or check out the Self Made Scholar's unschooling reading list.
3. **Learn all the time.** Unschooling means constant learning. It sounds tiring, but really all that means is rather than setting aside a specific time to sit down to memorize some facts, your child is constantly being exposed to the world and the learning opportunities it provides.
You will start to figure out both how you, and your child, learn things and it will take some trial and error to find the most useful ways for your child to learn, since there is no one right way to learn.
4. **Learn about unschooling and college opportunities.** You may think that a child who is being unschooled won't get into college (and that the same problem applies to homeschooled children as well), but this is actually not true. Of course, not everyone wants or needs to go to college, but many do.
Universities and colleges like Harvard, MIT, Duke, Yale, and Stanford are actually actively looking for students who have had alternate learning experiences, because those types of students tend to earn more credits than regular students and tend to do better, since they have more often been exposed to self-motivated learning.
Many colleges have adjusted their admissions policies so that it is easier for these types of students to apply.
The most important things to do if you're an unschooler who wants to go to college are to keep good records of your work, make sure you know and meet the deadlines for things like the SAT and submitting applications, and focus on your application essay.
5. **Pursue a child's interest.** The point of unschooling is to focus on the child's learning and where that interest takes them. It can take awhile for them to want to do reading or mathematics, but if they are allowed to work at their own pace they are more likely to learn for themselves and the retain that information.
Encourage their natural interest in things. If they show an interest in cooking, find some fun cooking experiments and try them together, or let the child try them on their own. Cooking can teach all kinds of things, like mathematics (with fractions and amounts) as well as being a practical skill.
If your child likes to make up stories, do creative writing projects and talk about the different characters in their own games and in the stories that they (and you) might be reading. They'll learn about characterization, about writing skills and they'll be having fun.
If they want to learn more intensively about a subject you don't know about, there are some really good free online courses that they can participate in, like Khan Academy and the Self Made Scholar. You can also find free online college courses on the Open Culture database.
6. **Use creative opportunities for learning.** This is one of the most fun and exciting parts about unschooling. You and your child get to have lots of different, creative opportunities to learn about the world.
Check the museums in your area. Many museums have days where they are free, or are free for children and it can be a fun outing. Also, many of the bigger museums have their catalog online, so even if you can't physically go to a museum, you can still look at amazing and interesting things.
Libraries are great learning resources. They often have projects going on and reading groups and lectures, beyond simply having a lot of interesting books! Check out your library's events calendar to see what's happening and talk to your child about what they might be interested in.
If your child is interested in something and you know someone who has the right skills, see if you can have your child learn from them for a day, or a week, or even a couple times a month. This could be anything from a chef, to a chemistry professor, to an archaeologist. Not only will this provide the child with new knowledge it's also a great way for them to see other viewpoints and to be more involved in the adult world.
7. **Use games and fun projects as learning tools.** Since you'll be looking for lots of fun and creative ways to learn, using different games and projects can be a great way to help facilitate learning.
Discover the what the ecosystem is like in your area. For example, if you live near a the ocean, learn about marine animals and different kinds of water ecosystems. If you can, take a trip to them beach to look for shells and sea creatures.
If you can get a hold of a telescope, or make one, you can use that to look at the night sky and talk about the stars. You can even use this as a way to talk about mythology using the constellations as a jumping off point.
Using a microscope, examine dirt from your backyard and from the park and compare them. Talk about why there are differences in the soils and what could cause them.
8. **Answer questions.** It is incredibly important that you take the time to answer questions with your child. You don't have to be an expert in every subject, but when they ask a question, sit down with them to find out the answer.
You can even point them in the direction of an encyclopedia (or the internet) and tell them to look it up and then tell you. If they can't figure out in ten minutes, work with them to find the answer.
If there is no answer, or no one right answer, you can discuss why that is and talk about ways of trying to figure the answer out for yourselves. For instance, you can talk about what gravity is and how no one knows the exact cause. You could even do experiments with gravity (since, who doesn't love throwing things off a high building).
9. **"Deschool.** Sometimes you have to deschool before you unschool. This is often especially important if your child has been in the public school system for a while. Deschooling means giving them a break, for a few weeks or even a month, to get them out of the schooling mindset.
Once they've gotten into a more relaxed rhythm, talk with them about what they want to learn and how they'd like to learn it. They don't have to have anything concrete at that moment, it will simply introduce the idea again.
10. **Be patient.** You probably won't see the effects of unschooling immediately. Sometimes children can be recalcitrant and not want to learn anything, especially if they've been in the public school system for awhile. That is okay. It can take time to adjust to a new system and to rediscover their natural curiosity.
You will have to trust your child to take control of their learning. Children are naturally interested in the world and curious about things. Even if it takes time, they will start learning, because they won't be able to help themselves.
Putting pressure on children to learn can make them anxious and less likely to learn (as often happens in school). Keeping learning stress-free and enjoyable will keep them much more likely to learn for themselves.
11. **Recognize there is no "correct" reading age.** For parents considering unschooling, the problem of reading can seem like a huge one. Reading is so often equated with intelligence. The usual schooling ideas about when children should be reading are, more or less, made up, however. Children learn to read when they want to.
12. **Enjoy teaching.** Make reading simple, like a serious (not silly) but desirable game and very easy. When children are "coached" (not coaxed, not pressured) for playing reading, they tend to have a more consistently positive attitude towards reading. This makes it easier for them to learn to read when they choose to "play" reading.
13. **Play word search:** Show them common words such as "on/off" on light switches (spell them aloud too as "o-n on", and "o-f-f off", etc.). Find "push/pull, go/stop, in/out" on business doors and such, one syllable, and add a few important, two-syllable words like "EXIT" and "ENTER" which are found. At home, show them each individual letter and mainly teach "sounds" of letters, not the names only. A is the name, but "a, eh, ah" are some of its sounds, as if it can make cute sounds.
Studies have found that unschooling students tend to go from non-reading to fluent in reading very quickly. So whether your child is four or older, each will learn to read when it's best for them.
14. **Ease into it:** avoid making your child read anything. The worst thing you can do is pressure your child into hating reading. That "backfires" and make them less inclined towards reading. When a child is under stress one is much less likely to accept learning quickly and easily. In fact, some studies have shown that children who have difficulty (or shame) in reading are more likely to act out behavior-wise in school, instead of learning happily.
For example, don't make a young child write out lists of words they need to learn. You'll find that your child will be less likely to want to learn the words, than if they had been left alone to learn on their own. Suggest sounding-out the letters to get new words such as "c-a-t, cuh eh tuh", "ceht"; "c-a-t cat"! Don't force phonics as a study on them as lessons but let the child have their ah-hah moments, to feel the joy of getting a word or an idea. If the child tries to write, be satisfied that it is crooked and spelled oddly: Say, "Now you're getting it. Keep it up!"
15. **Show how much you value reading.** By having reading as something that is a part of your daily life, you'll show your child how important it is. You don't have to talk about reading every second of the day, but have books around the house, talk about books that you're reading with your child.
Ask your child what books they enjoy most, and make sure to have lots of those types of books around (either from a bookstore, or by going to the library and picking them out with your child).
Don't do all the reading for them. While it is important to help out your child when they ask for it, by not always doing the reading for them they will realize the importance of learning to read. So, for example, if you're reading a story for them, go at the pace that works for your schedule. If they want to get the story more quickly, they'll need to learn to read it on their own.
16. **Encourage mixed-age interaction.** Children tend to learn better when they're exposed to people of all different age groups, with readers and non-readers mixed together. This can be some sort of mixed-age children's group, or reading at home with family.
Children often learn reading through games between readers and non-readers. There are lots of games that require reading comprehension and the readers interpret for the non-readers. The non-readers begin to learn words as they play.
Some ideas for a family mixed-age interaction might be watching t.v. with the captions on so the non-readers start to identify words and letters, having shared reading time where the whole family gets to read out loud. A nightly reading where parents or older siblings read to the non-reader.
17. **Learn through writing.** A lot of times children learn to read, because they learn to write. They often learn to write because they're writing the things that interest them: captions to go along with pictures they draw, stories of their own, notes for their family members.
Help your child spell things when they ask you for help. Otherwise, it's best to let them sort out language on their own. Don't worry, they will learn to spell properly, even if it takes them some time.
18. **Listen to your child.** These steps are really only suggestions for things that might help your child learn to read. The person who knows your child's learning style best is your child. Pay attention to how they are learning things and what they want to do. After all, unschooling is about letting you child direct their own learning. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Unschool-Yourself-and-Your-Children", "language": "en"} |
How to Do a Pour Painting | Pour painting is the practice of mixing multiple colors of acrylic paint in a cup, then pouring the paint over a canvas. The result is an intricate design of colors and shapes that looks like a complicated, professional piece of art. Acrylic pour painting is an especially good activity for beginners and DIY enthusiasts because it doesn’t require advanced painting techniques. All you need are the right supplies and a flat surface to work on. Start by setting up your supplies, then either use the cup method to let the paint flow over the canvas or pour your paint by hand. Once your painting is dry, seal it to protect your artwork.
1. **Cover your pouring surface with plastic or cardboard.** Pour painting is very messy, so don’t work on a good surface. Lay out a plastic sheet or cardboard to catch any spills while you work.
If you’re working inside, spreading a drop cloth on the floor is also a good idea, just in case there are any drips.
2. **Prime the canvas with gesso 24 hours before you paint.** Gesso is an acrylic paint primer. A coat of primer helps the paint bond to the canvas and last a longer time. Wet a foam brush and dip it into the gesso. Then spread an even layer across the whole surface you’ll be painting on. Work the brush in the same direction. Let the primer dry for 24 hours.
You can also pour paint onto cardboard or wood surfaces. Prime them the same way.
Gesso is water-soluble, so clean your brush by rinsing it under the sink.
3. **Put rubber gloves on.** You’ll definitely get paint on your hands when doing a pour painting, so put on rubber gloves before you start. Any type will work, as long as they cover your whole hand.
4. **Get as many colors of soft-body acrylic paint as you want to use.** This type of acrylic paint is best for pouring because it’s thin enough to flow across the canvas. It’s also called liquid or high-flow acrylic. Find this type of paint at arts and crafts stores. Get several different colors, as many as you want to use on your painting.
There is no set number of colors to use for a pour painting. To get a good blend, use at least 4 different colors. Using more than 10 will be difficult unless you’re working on a very large canvas. Stick between 4 and 10 colors for now.
Pick colors that complement each other. Blue, teal, silver, and purple would work together to create a tranquil setting. For a bolder look, try blending brighter colors like yellow, red, and orange.
5. **Pour each color you’re using into a separate plastic cup.** Fill each cup 1/4 to 1/3 to the top, depending on the size of the painting and how much paint you have. Use a different cup for each color so the paint doesn’t mix together yet.
Clear plastic cups are best so you can see the pouring level. If you don't have clear cups, then any other disposable plastic cup will also work.
6. **Mix each color with an equal amount of flow medium.** Medium helps the paint bond to the canvas and resist damage over time. For pouring, flow medium is the best type because it keeps the paint thin enough to spread over the canvas. Get a bottle of flow medium designed for acrylic paint from a craft store. Then pour an amount equal to the amount of paint in each cup, so the mixture of paint to medium is 1:1. Stir each cup with a separate craft stick until the mixture is even.
Other medium types are gel, modeling, and gloss. These won't work well for pouring because they thicken the paint.
If you aren’t sure which type of medium to use, tell a craft store employee that you’re planning on doing a pour painting. They can point you towards the right product for this purpose.
You can also use white glue mixed with an equal amount of water as a medium. Remember that this mixture won’t last as long as specialized paint medium.
7. **Pour all the colors into a cup in small amounts.** Take an empty cup and place it on a flat surface. Then, pour each color into the cup a little at a time. Take the first color and just cover the bottom of the cup. Work in a pattern with the other colors. Pour in equal amounts like this until the cup is about 1/3 full.
There are other methods for mixing the paint. Some artists prefer pouring in all or most of each color at once to get larger, solid streaks. Experiment and see which method you prefer.
Do not stir or mix the paint together. It’ supposed to stay separate so the pouring creates the desired effect.
If you’re working on a large canvas, then you may need more paint. Try filling the cup 1/2 full instead.
8. **Place the canvas upside down on top of the cup.** Make sure the canvas is centered so you don’t knock the cup over. Make a good seal between the canvas and cup so the paint doesn’t leak when you flip them.
Don’t press down on the cup. You could break it and spill paint everywhere.
9. **Flip the cup and canvas upside down without separating them.** Grab the cup with one hand and hold your other hand flat against the canvas. Gently press them together. Then, flip them both together. Make sure the canvas and cup continue touching. Place the canvas down on the surface with the cup upside down.
A little paint might leak out while you’re flipping the cup. That’s okay, it will get picked up when the paint spreads.
10. **Lift the cup slowly and let the paint flow out.** Leave the cup upside-down for a minute so the paint flows to the canvas. Then lift the cup up so it all spreads onto the canvas. The paint may come out quickly. That’s okay as long as you covered the surface you’re working on.
Another technique for pour painting is slowly pouring the paint directly from the cup onto the canvas, without flipping them first. Try this method out as well, and stick with the one that gives you the best results.
11. **Pick up the canvas and move it around to spread the paint.** Once the paint is on the canvas, it will flow freely. Pick the canvas up (this is why you’re wearing rubber gloves!) and tilt it around in different directions to spread the paint. Continue doing so until the paint covers the whole surface of the canvas. You’ll be left with an intricate design of streaks and different colors.
Paint will probably drip off the sides of the canvas. That’s normal, and nothing to worry about as long as you covered the surface.
12. **Start at the top of the canvas.** For the hand-pouring technique, it's best to start at one side of the canvas and work across it. Choose the top portion, about 2 inches (5.1 cm) from the edge, to pour on for the best results.
For different techniques, you could start in the center of the canvas or another location. When you're a beginner, working from one end to the other is easier.
13. **Tilt the cup over slowly until paint pours out.** Hold the cup 6 inches (15 cm) from the canvas and tilt it slowly. Hold it over the spot when paint starts pouring out. Continue tilting the cup slowly to keep paint pouring at an even flow.
Remember to pour slowly. Don't dump all the paint out in one spot.
For a swirling effect, make very small circles with your hand as you pour the paint. This is optional for added effect.
14. **Move the cup to the other side of the canvas slowly.** Once the paint starts pooling in your original pouring location, then start moving the cup. Keep the cup tilted to maintain a steady paint flow and slowly move your hand to the other side of the canvas.
If you want more paint on the canvas, just tilt your hand a little more to increase the flow.
Don't worry if you run out of paint before you get to the other side. You can spread the paint around more when you pick the painting up.
For other design options, try moving the cup back and forth as you pour. Experiment with different pouring directions to see which effect you like most.
15. **Pick up the canvas and move it around the spread the paint.** Once the cup is empty, then put it down and pick up the canvas. Tilt the painting in different directions to spread the paint around. Pick whichever direction you like. Continue tilting the painting until it covers the entire canvas surface.
Keep the painting over the covered surface because paint will definitely drip off the sides.
If you want to make different designs, you can continue tilting the painting after the entire surface is covered. The paint will continue flowing until it dries.
16. **Store the painting so it's completely level.** While the paint is still wet, it'll continue flowing, so your painting will be ruined if you leave it on a non-flat surface. Find a surface that you know is that. Put down cardboard or plastic to protect the surface, then lay the painting down face-up.
To ensure a surface is flat, check it with a level before putting the painting down.
Make sure nothing will touch or fall on the painting while it dries.
17. **Let the painting dry for 2-3 days.** Leave the painting undisturbed while it dries, or you could ruin your hard work. Keep children and pets away from the painting, and check back in 3 days to see if it's dry yet.
If you're at all unsure whether the painting is dry yet, don't touch the front. This could leave a fingerprint and ruin the painting. Touch the side instead.
If the painting is taking longer than normal to dry, the weather may be too humid. Try using a dehumidifier or turning up the air conditioner.
18. **Seal the canvas to protect the paint.** Once the paint is dry, a layer of varnish will seal and protect the painting. Get a can of spray-on varnish from a craft store. Shake the can and hold it 6 inches (15 cm) from the canvas, then spray a coat onto the painting. Keep the can moving so the varnish doesn't pool in one spot. Let the varnish dry for another 24 hours, then hang the painting wherever you'd like.
There are other types of varnish as well, particularly brush-on types. For a pour painting, a brush-on varnish could smudge the paint, so stick with a spray type.
Work in a ventilated area with an open window to prevent inhaling fumes. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Do-a-Pour-Painting", "language": "en"} |
How to Get Hamsters to Stop Fighting | It can be troubling and distressing when your hamsters start fighting. They may squeak or squeal at each other, or jump on top of each other. One hamster may bully the other hamster in the cage, causing the non-dominant hamster to fear the dominant hamster. But there are methods you can try to get your hamsters to stop fighting and restore calm among your pets.
1. **Determine the species of your hamsters.** Certain hamster species should be kept alone, in separate cages, and away from other species. Certain species can also only socialize if they are of the same gender. Take your hamster to the vet to confirm her species, or ask the pet store where you purchased your hamster about her species.
Syrian hamsters, also called Golden hamsters, are the most common species, and the largest of the species. They come in a variety of colors, though the most common is a golden, light brown coat with black spots and a white underbelly. They also have beady eyes, large ears, and short tails. Syrian hamsters should never be kept together as they are territorial and solitary creatures. These aggressive tendencies start to develop when Syrian hamsters are between 6 and 8 weeks old. Once they reach 8 weeks, they should be housed on their own in separate cages.
Dwarf hamsters are the second most common species and are smaller than Syrian hamsters. Dwarf hamsters have a dark strip of fur running from their head down to their tail and are often brown in color, unless they are albino, then they will be all white. Dwarf hamsters usually prefer to live socially, in pairs or groups. But their sociability varies, and some dwarf hamsters prefer to live alone.
Chinese Dwarf hamsters are the third most common species. They are small, about 4–5 inches (10–13 cm) long, with silky gray-brown fur and black stripes down their backs. These hamsters are sometimes mistaken for mice, as they have longer tails than other hamster species. Their long tails make them great jumpers and climbers. They enjoy human interaction, but don't usually play well with other hamsters, so keep only one per a cage. They are also nocturnal, so they will run around and make noise at night.
Please note that there is no such thing as hamster breeds. There are only hamster species and colorings.
2. **Find out the gender of your hamsters.** The best rule of thumb is to keep hamsters of the same gender together and separate hamsters of different genders in separate cages. Hamsters of the same gender tend to fight and squabble less than hamsters of different genders.
If you want to try to keep hamsters of different genders in the same cage, introduce them when they are young.
3. **Put the hamsters in separate cages side by side.** This initial set up allows the hamsters to get used to each other's scent without physical contact. Let them smell and interact with each other through the bars of their separate cages. Once they appear to be tolerating each other, try putting them in the same cage.
Before you put them in the same cage, make sure the cage is neutral and does not contain the scent of either hamster. The cage should be clean or new, have clean bedding, and clean toys. This will give the hamsters fewer things to fight over and dissuade them from fighting over territory.
4. **Watch your hamsters play and interact in their cage.** Once you place the hamsters together in one cage, pay attention to how they interact with each other. Do they play with each other at least once a day or ignore each other? Does one hamster seem more forward or aggressive than the other hamster? This will help you get a sense of their dynamic and if they are starting to become aggressive with each other.
Do not leave your hamsters alone in their cage until you are satisfied that they are tolerating each other. You should feel they are not physically dangerous to one another or likely to harm each other. If you are not sure if they are getting along, remove them from the same cage and place them back in separate cages. Try placing them together again the following day and watch them interact for signs they are getting along.
5. **Be prepared for normal squabbling between your hamsters.** Normal squabbling between your hamsters is about dominance, where one hamster puts the other in her place and asserts herself as a dominant one. If your hamsters are chasing and squeaking, this is considered normal squabbling. It can be loud and distressing to watch, but as long it is brief bursts of chasing, sniffing, and squealing, it is considered normal dominance behavior. You should let the hamsters squabble and not interfere, as this is their natural way of asserting dominance.
One hamster may jump on top of the other hamster until the bottom hamster squeaks in submission. The hamster on top, now confirmed dominant, should then release the bottom hamster.
These displays of dominance can happen over and over, and as long as the hamsters get up and resume their activities, it’s normal. Normal squabbling can occur for a few weeks when the hamsters are first placed in a cage together, and may happen over the course of the hamsters’ lives.
Avoid interfering with your hamster when they are squabbling or removing one hamster from the cage and then putting her back in the cage again. As long as the hamsters are squabbling, you should let them respond to each other on their own. Pulling one hamster out of the cage can create confusion and stress out your hamsters.
6. **Look for signs of fighting between your hamsters.** Fighting is characterized as biting, chasing, and one hamster cornering another hamster to prevent escape. These are not normal dominance displays, they are signs of bullying and fighting between your hamsters.
One hamster may cause injury to the other hamster and prevent the bullied hamster from eating, drinking, or sleeping.
A bullied hamster may become withdrawn, lose or gain weight and stop playing with the other hamster or with you. She may also even become aggressive towards you when you hold her or touch her. These are all signs of severe distress, and you will likely need to adjust the bullied hamster’s living space or separate her from the other hamster.
7. **Move a bullied hamster to a different cage.** Some hamsters, even if they are the same gender, may end up fighting despite your best efforts to keep them both happy. If the bullied hamster is displaying stress signs like lack of appetite, fearful hiding, or injuries from biting by the dominant hamster, its time to move the bullied hamster to a separate cage. Separate hamsters are better than aggressive and stressed out hamsters together in the same cage.
Once you move the bullied hamster to a new cage, try to keep the new cage as close to her old cage as possible. This will allow her to transition more easily to the new cage and reduce her stress levels.
8. **Do not let the hamsters socialize once they are separated.** It’s important that once you separate the hamsters, you do not take them out of their cages at the same time, place them together in a cage, or play with them together. They may start fighting again or act aggressively towards each other if they are socializing at the same time.
9. **Get a larger cage for both hamsters.** Your hamsters might be aggressive with each other because they have limited space to live and play. This can trigger your hamsters’ natural tendency to fight for territory. One hamster should have at least 360 square inches of floor space, so two hamsters should have at least double this size.
Talk to a sales associate at your local pet store to find a cage that is large enough to keep both hamsters happy and stress free.
10. **Set up the cage so there are no blind corners or blocked off areas.** It's important to lay out your hamsters’ home so neither can trap the other. Avoid long expanses of tube and any blind corners. Make sure any boxes or houses in the cage have at least two exits, so both hamsters cannot be trapped together at once.
There should also be no narrow corners or sections in the cage to prevent the hamsters from getting stuck or blocked in.
11. **Provide two beds, two water bottles, two food dishes and two wheels.** Have two sets of accessories for each hamster so they don’t have to share or fight over a bottle or a bed.
Having two beds is important, as most hamsters do not like sharing beds. If possible, you should also provide two sets of toys, like two wheels or two boxes with two entrances.
You should also provide two large food dishes for the hamsters, large enough to fit one hamster in the dish. Most hamsters like to sit in their food dish and don’t like to fight for space in the same dish.
12. **Stick to the same daily routine for both hamsters.** Show the hamsters equal treatment and care by feeding, playing, and grooming them at the same time every day. This will cut down on any tension between them and bond them together. Once the pair spends significant amounts of time together, they should treat each other like companions and have less aggression towards each other.
13. **Handle both hamsters together before returning them to their cage.** Try to always take both hamsters out of their cage at the same time and handle them together in your hands so they have the same scent on them. This will reduce chasing in their cage and any stress between the hamsters. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Get-Hamsters-to-Stop-Fighting", "language": "en"} |
How to Buy Mortgages | When an individual or a group of investors (as opposed to a bank or finance company) holds the note for a mortgage (they are entitled to receive the payments made by the home buyer), they will often sell the mortgage to another individual or group of investors. That's because they prefer to have a lump sum rather than payments over 20 or 30 years. As a result, they'll sell the mortgages for less than the amount shown on the note. A little research and due diligence can show any potential investor how to buy a mortgage, as well as where to find mortgages to purchase.
1. **Understand the concept of a mortgage note.** When a home buyer takes out a mortgage to buy a home, either from a financial institution or another individual, the home buyer agrees to make payments at a set interest rate over a period of time. The right to receive those payments, the mortgage note, is held by the institution or individual that put up the original capital to buy the home. The note holder can then sell the note for a lump sum if they choose. This gives them an instant payout on the loan, instead of waiting for all of the payments on the mortgage to come in (which may take 15 to 30 years).
The advantage to buying a mortgage note is that it provides the note holder with a steady, passive income stream over the life of the loan. This can be important for investors looking to plan for retirement, for example.
2. **Understand the risks of investing in mortgage notes.** In any mortgage note investment, the note holder assumes the risk of default. Default occurs when the borrower becomes incapable of paying the mortgage payments on the property. This means that the property is now delinquent and the note holder is no longer receiving mortgage payments (meaning no return on their investment). If sufficient time passes, the note holder can foreclose on the property and repossess it from the borrower.
If a repossession occurs, the note holder must hope that the sale price of the home covers the amount that they spent to purchase the mortgage note. Otherwise, they stand to lose money on the investment.
Default risk is higher among certain commercial properties and homes owned by borrowers with poor credit. However, any property is theoretically susceptible to default.
3. **Know where mortgage notes can be purchased.** Mortgage notes are traded between note holders (banks or individuals) and buyers on the secondary markets. To get started, search for real estate investment services or investment brokerages that offer access to mortgage notes. In addition, there are also specialized websites for trading mortgage notes. Search online for these opportunities and consider your options carefully.
Before investing any money, thoroughly research the legitimacy of your chosen broker or website. Look for official licenses and reviews from previous participants. Always be very cautious when committing your money to an investment.
4. **Know the types of properties the mortgages can be held on.** Investors can purchase mortgages held on land, single-family homes, condominiums, commercial property, or rental property. Which type of mortgage note property type is right for you will depend on your budget and risk tolerance. For example, the most affordable mortgage notes will typically be on single-family homes. Commercial and land mortgages will likely be prohibitively expensive for the average investor. Risk will depend on the specific property, but in general commercial property will be a riskier investment than home mortgages (assuming the borrower has good credit). Evaluate each property for individual risk before investing.
5. **Learn about different types of mortgage financing.** In addition to mortgages financed by banks and other financial institutions, there are also mortgages financed by private individuals. These are called private mortgages and include seller-financed properties, where the seller loans the purchase price to the buyer, and private lender mortgages. Home buyers generally choose these options if they are unable to quality for institutional mortgages because of their default risk (the risk that they won't pay the loans back).
These mortgages often carry above-market interest rates, guaranteeing a higher return for the note holder; however, this is balanced by the risk of owning this type of note. If the buyer is incapable of making payments, the note holder must repossess the property and hope that the sale value covers their investment.
Some seller-financed properties also rely on a type of financing that includes a balloon payment (a large lump sum payment made at the end of the loan term). These payments can be large and difficult for the borrower to repay, so they typically refinance the loan sometime before the balloon payment is due. If they default on this payment though, the note holder is left with a defaulted property and a small, or possibly negative, return.
6. **Determine your risk level.** Figure out how much risk you are willing to accept in order to make high returns. This can be instrumental in choosing what type of mortgage investment you want to make. You can make a significant return on mortgages, but that means you'll assume some level of risk.
For example, mortgages that are sold at a high loan-to-value ratio might advertise an attractive return, but if the borrower defaults, you might not get all of your money back even if you foreclose on the property.
7. **Decide which type of mortgage to purchase.** Investing in mortgages is just like investing in anything else. There are numerous options and you want to find the type of investment that you think will offer you a healthy return. Consider the different options presented above and decide which makes the most sense for you.
8. **Find mortgages.** Once you've settled on a type of investment, it's time to find an opportunity. Search investment brokerages and mortgage note trading websites to locate several investment properties to investigate further.
Prospective investors can also advertise in local papers or on Craigslist that they will purchase mortgages for cash.
Investors can also perform a public records search to find mortgage holders. Make friends with someone in the appropriate department of the county. The appropriate department will vary from county to county; start at the property appraiser’s office and ask which department records mortgages. That’s where investors should start their public records search.
There are several specific online options for finding mortgages on the secondary market.
As with almost all other types of searching, it's usually best to start online.
9. **Consider notes that are in first position only.** Be sure that you're buying notes that are in first position and not second (or third) position. As the name implies, first position mortgage holders are first entitled to the property in the event that the borrower defaults.
If you buy a mortgage in second position, and the lender defaults, it's likely that the property will be sold at a steep discount and the leftover equity will all go to the mortgage holder in first position.
10. **Determine the value of the property.** If you're buying a note for $200,000 and you're told that the property is worth $300,000, then you're going to want to verify that the property is actually worth $300,000.
You can either search for the property yourself, using an online service like Zillow.com, to determine value or have the home professionally appraised. This will ensure that your investment is actually as valuable as the seller claims.
For peace of mind, you can view and assess the property yourself to the extent that you can and determine if you think it's worth the advertised value.
Keep in mind that property values can change, at times very quickly. Any appraised value may change as conditions of and around the property change.
11. **Ensure that the mortgage is in line with your risk profile.** Whether you're interested in buying a note that's in default so that you can get a higher return or you want something less risky (like a mortgage that's being paid reliably) that provides a modest return, make sure that the note you're evaluating is in line with your financial goals. A note in default can make it difficult for you to collect on mortgage payments, as this means that the borrower is no longer capable of making the agreed upon payments. Default can also lead to further complications like deferred maintenance costs and foreclosure.
12. **Run a credit check on the borrower.** If the borrower is facing a bankruptcy, it could be difficult for you to collect on the note. The borrower will have to give you permission to run a credit check, but it's better to be safe than sorry.
13. **Obtain all of the original legal documents associated with the loan.** This is where you need to make sure that all legal and financial claims are in order. You might have to run your own amortization schedule on your favorite spreadsheet to determine that the amount left on the note is consistent with what the seller is saying. Also, the original legal documents should contain information about the appraisal, the original loan value, and the interest rate.
14. **Close the deal.** Once you're satisfied that everything is as advertised and the mortgage is in line with your financial goals, make an offer.
As with other markets, there's typically room for negotiation in the mortgage market. Offer less than what the seller is asking to maximize your return.
It might be best to get an attorney involved, at least for your first mortgage purchase. You don't want to get in financial trouble because a legal technicality was overlooked. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Buy-Mortgages", "language": "en"} |
How to Adjust Chainsaw Tension | A good chainsaw can last you a lifetime, but only if you take good care of it. A properly adjusted chain is safer, more effective, and longer-lasting, and this is one small maintenance task that you can do easily at home.
1. **Ensure the ignition switch is off and remove the spark plug wire to ensure the blade cannot start.** This is the small cap, often on the button you use to prime the chainsaw. Disconnect it so that the motor cannot get the electricity required to start.
2. **Wear thick safety gloves at all times when touching the blade.** This is not only for your safety but also for the health of the blade. Granted, touching it once or twice won't kill it, but it is better for both you and the chainsaw if you keep gloves on at all times.
3. **Tighten your chainsaw blade when the chain no longer sits flush on the guide bar.** The bar is the long "knife" of the chainsaw -- the part you use to guide the blade and actually cut. The chain should wrap snugly around the whole bar, not be hanging off the bottom side. If it is hanging, you'll need to adjust the tension.
Wearing gloves and goggles, hold onto the top of the saw. With the other hand, lift the chain off the bar (near the mid-point of the bar) slightly and let go. If it doesn't snap back into place cleanly, you'll need to adjust the tension.
For precise work, you want about a 1.25mm space between the blade and the bottom of the bar when the motor is cool. A hot motor and chain will slightly expand the chain, loosening it slightly.
4. **Remove or loosen the covering where the blade meets the motor.** For older models, this cover likely comes right off. For newer ones, there may be two screws or nuts holding it down. At the very least, loosen these two screws or nuts a full turn so that the blade and chain have room to shift as you adjust the tension.
Some smaller saws may have a knob or lever to release the cover, instead of screws or nuts, making it easier to adjust without tools.
5. **Clean out the engine and drive-train with compressed air and a rag.** If the cover comes all the way off, use this chance to wipe down the entire assembly, assuring the blade runs cleanly without unnecessary friction. Otherwise, get a can of compressed air and shoot it into the loosened covering to remove dirt and dust.
A toothbrush is a good way to help remove tricky, hard-to-reach bits.
6. **Add a touch of grease to the rolling tip at the end of the blade.** This sprocket is vital to keep the blade moving efficiently. Add a touch of grease so that it can spin freely, and then wipe up any excess with a dirty rag.
Not all guide bars include a roller tip and not all roller tips require additional grease. Follow the operating instructions for your particular saw.
If you're adding a new chain and want to adjust it, click here.
If you simply need to tighten your old chain, click here.
7. **Using a flat file or other straight-edge, check if the bar has uneven "high spots" along the edges that you can file down.** There is no top or bottom to most chainsaw bars, but one side will often start to wear out and chip. If this is the case, put the bar in a vice and careful file down any jagged, high edges so that the side is even again.
If the edges of the guide bar have become flared from heavy use, they may interfere with the smooth cutting of the chain, making it difficult to cut straight, if at all. If the edges or the grooves become worn, it may be time for a replacement guide bar.
While the chain is off the saw, check the saw's drive sprocket for excessive wear. It is not unusual to need a new drive sprocket after wearing out multiple chains.
8. **Figure out which way the chain needs to face so the blades pull forward.** The chain pulls forward, meaning the chain on top of the bar moves away from your body. The saw blades (or "cutters") will point obviously in one direction, with the teeth all pointing the same way. The teeth on the top of the bar should point forward.
9. **Lock the chain into the grooves on the bar.** Put the blade on the bar so that the saw teeth on top of the blade push away from you. Make sure that they fit snugly.
10. **Remove the cover over the blade area and attach the bar.** Pull the chain around and lock it into the sprocket that powers the chainsaw (a large, round, spin-able part with grooves to lock into the chain). Then attach the bar snugly to the motor of the chainsaw according to your specific manufacturer's instructions.
With some types of sprockets, you may need to insert the bar without the chain on it, then loop the chain around the drive sprocket, finishing up by aligning the chain loosely into the groove on the guide bar.
11. **Reattach the covering so that the bar is snugly and firmly in place.** You want the bar on and chainsaw re-assembled before making your tension adjustments.
Do not completely tighten the attachment nuts yet because they serve to clamp the bar into position, and it needs to be adjusted first.
12. **Hold the nose of the bar up slightly as you work.** Throughout the next few steps, use your free hand to slightly lift the nose of the bar up, bringing it snugly against the attachment mechanism. The rest of the chainsaw should rest on a clean, flat surface.
13. **Find your adjusting screw or knob and tighten it until the blade is snug on the bar.** This screw is often found perpendicular to the direction of the chain. It will move a small pin that catches the bar, making it slightly shorter or longer to add or subtract tension. Check your owner's manual if unable to locate the screw, though it should be easy.
Sometimes the adjustment screw is located between the mounting studs. It could also be on the outside of the chainsaw, on the bar cover or on the engine.
14. **With hands still gloved, and the safety brake off (if applicable to your saw) manually pull the chain loop around the bar to check for tight spots.** If the blade doesn't move smoothly all the way around, lightly loosen the adjustment screw so that it can slide with ease. You want the blade on snugly, covering the whole bar, but not so snug that it can't move and cut easily.
A "perfect" middle ground to shoot for is 1.25mm of space between the chain and the bar, on the bottom half.
15. **Hold up the tip of the bar again and tighten the nuts or screws or knob that hold the cover on the saw, clamping the guide bar firmly into place, with the chain at the proper tension.** Do a final check that the chain still moves freely around the guide bar.
16. **Re-install the spark-plug wire, so you're ready to start the saw next time.** | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Adjust-Chainsaw-Tension", "language": "en"} |
How to Stop Procrastinating | If you're a chronic procrastinator, you’re familiar with the pain and stress that goes hand in hand with leaving things to the last minute. Even if you want to accomplish or finish a task, you’re likely having trouble getting started in the first place! There are several strategies that can help you stop procrastinating right now (so read fast!), as well as lifestyle changes you can make to avoid future procrastination.
1. **Set a timer and just get started!** Instead of thinking about the total number of hours you’re about to work for, just start. Tell yourself you’ve only got to do it for 15 minutes. This will deal with the intimidation factor, and you’ll likely spend much longer than 15 minutes on your task before you stop working again.
If 15 minutes still sounds too intimidating, do something for just 3 minutes.
Once you come up for air, take a two-minute break. Then start up on another set of 15 minutes of work.
2. **Tackle things one step at a time so you don't get overwhelmed.** It can be overwhelming to think about finishing a whole essay or getting through an entire week’s worth of tasks. Instead of thinking about everything you have to do like one big obstacle, break it all down into tiny pieces. You'll be able to get started on the smallest crumb and go forward from there.
For example, instead of thinking, “I need to finish this essay before 10 PM tonight,” tell yourself, “I’m going to make a short outline, fill that in, and then look for quotes.”
Consider trying a specific technique like pomodoro, where breaks happen at planned intervals.
Avoid making a long, disorganized to-do list. This is just setting yourself up for failure. Instead, create subcategories like "Home," "Work," "Family," and "Fun" and just try to cross off a few entries from each list every day.
3. **Make yourself a plan in the morning and pick the hardest task first.** You’ll be most energized in the morning once you’ve eaten breakfast and woken up fully. Tackle the hardest thing on your docket right then. You’ll feel better once it’s done, and then you can move on to a few easier tasks for the rest of the day.
Figure out when you are most motivated and alert and plan out your day so you use this time best. For example, if you're a morning person, do your toughest work right after you wake up. On the other hand, if you tend to be groggy in the morning, you risk making careless errors or frustration by going headfirst into a difficult task.
4. **“Self-talking” is a great way to calm yourself down and get focused.** Using positive self-talk can even help you meet your goals. Talk to yourself, using your name. Tell yourself that you can (and will) do this.
Self-talk by saying something like, “Jenny, I know this week has been hard and you’re tired. You’ve written a million essays before, and you’re going to rock this.”
You can also ask yourself questions: “Jenny, why are you nervous about this? You know you can handle it.”
Self-talk out loud if you can. It’ll also work in your head if you’re in a public place.
5. **Imagining the perfect project could be what’s holding you back.** It’s nothing at all if it’s not finished, so abandon your vision (or fears) of the perfect product. You also can’t fix what doesn’t exist yet.
6. **Motivate yourself with something you love.** Just tell yourself that when it’s over, you get to celebrate with one of your favorite things. Use that anticipation to push yourself through the pain.
7. **The more stressed out you are, the harder it’ll be to get your work done.** Don’t be angry with yourself. Move on and focus on what you’ve got to do instead.
Guilt and regret are draining emotions. Wasting time yelling at yourself for not starting that 2,000-word essay two weeks ago will only make you extra tired and frustrated. It will also stress you out, likely making it impossible for you to finish your assignment at that time.
8. **Make your space the best environment for limited distractions.** Figure out where you’ll be doing most of your work, and make it a great study or work space. It’s especially important to have a dedicated space for work that’s different from the one where you relax.
This may be the library, a coffee shop, your local bookstore, or a home office.
9. **Use a tool to stop yourself from scrolling when you should be working.** Smartphones are usually the black holes that suck up all of our time and attention. Of course, there’s an app for that! Quickly download whichever app sounds like it will best address your particular procrastination problem.
AppDetox is the best choice for quick fixes.
Yelling Mom allows you to set a time for the app to start nagging you to start something.
Procraster prompts you to identify the source of your procrastination and then gives you advice about the problem.
A simple timer app can also be used to designate how long you intend to work and then how long your break will be. When the timer goes off, switch tasks quickly and stick to your plan.
10. **Stay focused by eliminating your ability to waste time online.** There are a variety of programs available for both Windows and Mac operating systems. If you have more self-control, set a timer before you go on time-wasting websites and get back to work when it rings.
For all devices and operating systems, try Freedom.
For Mac, Self-Control allows you to block a list of websites during times you’re supposed to be working. And it’s free!
For Windows, go with Cold Turkey. It's free, but to get the best features, it costs a one time fee of about $20.
For free options, choose StayFocused for Chrome browsers or LeechBlock for Firefox.
11. **Put your phone out of sight so it stays out of mind.** If you can’t handle being in the same space as something that’s going to tempt you, address that problem by keeping it in another room or turning it off. This also goes for other devices, including iPads, Kindles, or even computers.
If you need to keep your phone on for family or work-related reasons, turn off all your notifications except for texts and/or calls.
12. **Instrumental music can boost your productivity.** Many people struggle to work and stay focused in a completely silent room. But if you are listening to music with lyrics, you’ll almost certainly get distracted by the words. Switch to a white-noise machine or instrumental music.
13. **Make a record of all the tasks you need to accomplish.** The list should include both short-term tasks you need to finish daily and weekly, as well as long-term goals that may take months or even years to accomplish. Seeing it written down will help you plan out the various actions needed to meet all your goals.
Put this list on paper. Even if you use your phone for all of your other lists, from groceries to birthday wishes, don’t put this list on there. The act of writing out your tasks is key to thinking through how to finish them.
14. **Use a planner to schedule your time.** Write short-term tasks in daily or weekly lists that include deadlines for each item. Set deadlines for long-term goals by listing them in monthly entries.
Include everything you need to get done in your planner. Say that on Friday your final biology project is due. Set aside at least three nights to finish it. You’ve also got to go to the pharmacy and pick up a new toothbrush and vitamins before you leave for vacation. Do this on Thursday night. You’re also taking the SAT in a month, so spend at least three hours this week practicing vocab.
Try using a strategy like the Eisenhower Box for prioritizing your tasks in an efficient way. Basically, you categorize all you have to do into four categories: tasks that must be done immediately, tasks that can be done later (or rescheduled), tasks that can be delegated to someone else and tasks that aren't important and can be eliminated. The strength of this strategy is that it works well with the tasks you must complete in a given day, but also on longer timescales, like weeks or months.
15. **Multitasking prevents you from finishing tasks quickly and effectively.** Keep your attention on one goal at a time, and give it your all. This will also help you avoid getting overwhelmed by your busy schedule.
16. **Ask someone to hold you accountable so you stay on track.** It’s hard to stay away from distractions and do your work on time when you’re doing it alone. Luckily (or unluckily), everyone struggles with procrastination. Ask a friend or family member if they’d be willing to partner up with you to check in on each other’s work habits and accomplishments.
You can plan fun outings with your buddy to reward both of you when you meet your goals. If you keep procrastinating, cancel these events as a little bit of punishment. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Stop-Procrastinating", "language": "en"} |
How to Seduce a Woman Online | Want to know how to cultivate a magnetic and electric personality that'll make women want to be with you? You can learn to meet women, thrill them with your virtual chatting skills, and seal the deal for a hook-up.
1. **Join a variety of dating sites and use dating apps.** You're not going to meet any real women on Craigslist, or in some chatroom. That's how you get catfished. You want to meet real women online and flirt your way into a meet up? Get on dating sites and use dating apps. Use all of them. If you want to be seducing a woman soon, you need to get on all of the following:
Tinder
Down (aka Bang with Friends)
Pure
OkCupid
eHarmony
Match
Meet Up
2. **Post some flattering pictures of yourself** Yes, real pictures, not pictures of Channing Tatum. Change them up occasionally to attract attention to your profile. Keep them current so your date recognizes you at a glance without disappointment, or you're wasting your time.
Make sure they highlight your best attributes. No x-rated shots, or ridiculous drunken night selfies. Also, nobody cares about your car. You're trying to attract women, not a bunch of dudes from AutoZone.
3. **Write about yourself honestly.** Most apps and sites require you to fill in a short bio section to describe yourself. What do you say? Just the truth. If you want to attract women that you'll be attracted to and who will be attracted to you, then it's a good idea to not try to make yourself sound like something that you're not.
Use specific and honest details. What's a regular day like for you? What do you like to do? What do you enjoy? You don't have to make yourself look "good," or sound "smart" to attract a woman's attention. You just need to let your personal sense of humor be on display. That'll be easier to keep up anyway.
Look at other profiles for good examples, before you put up much about yourself. Avoid things you see that seem lame, or seem too desperate. try to remember: Lists of travel locations and books you've read can all start to look the same. try to be unique.
Don't focus too much on what you are or aren't looking for in a woman because it can rule out both the ones you want and don't want to meet. At the same time, it's good to use words like "casual" and "hang out" if you're not interested in a big relationship, but are interested in hook-ups.
4. **Search through profiles to see who catches your eye.** This is the fun part. Just cruise around the site for a while and see who catches your eye, and whether or not that woman might be good to get to know for a while. Then you can turn on the charm.
Keep an eye out for good buzz-words. If a woman puts up that she's not interested in a long-term relationship right now, that might be someone to check out if you're not either. Depending on what you're interested in, keep an eye out for someone who has the same interests and goals.
Keep an eye out for obviously bad signs, too. Anyone who says they "Don't want any drama" is obviously a drama-creator. Anyone who says they
Most dating apps will filter so that you only see people in your area, so you don't have to worry about traveling or trying to figure out too many logistics. It's a good idea to avoid starting a long-distance relationship online, unless that's what you're looking for.
5. **Send an initial message to make contact.** try to remember: For every message you send to a woman, she might get 25-100 others. What are you going to say that will catch her attention? What can you say that will stand out from the crowd? Be personal, specific, funny, and keep it light, above all.
Find a specific thing on her profile, or a picture to tease her about. If she has a picture of herself riding a horse in the mountains, write something like, "That horse looks like it would really do some damage to linoleum floors. I guess they probably hassle you about it when you ride it into saloons and such. Good thing I have a car if you ever want to meet for a drink."
Write different messages to each person. Copy-pasted messages stand out like turds in punch bowls. Give a woman the courtesy of actually having something to say to her.
Avoid coming off as whitebread, or basic. Don't use phrases like, "I'm just a regular average guy, pretty laid back and I like having a good time." So what? Who doesn't? Aim a little higher.
Don't go overboard on compliments because chances are she's so used to hearing them that she wouldn't even notice you.
6. **Talk to lots of women.** People don't like to admit it, but meeting women online is a numbers game. Send out lots of messages, every day, and get to know as many different girls as possible. You have to be willing to put in some hours looking at different profiles, finding girls you'd like to talk to, and actually talking to them. There's no shortcut. You have to do the work.
Don't get fixated on seducing one woman. There's going to be a lot of rejection involved in this. Spread the love around.
7. **Don't tell her that you like her.** This is an absolute must. If you reach out and send someone a message, it's obvious that you're interested. Saying so out loud will only make you look desperate and needy, or insecure. You want to seem like the opposite of that. You want to seem like a mysterious and magnetic personality that she must get to know. In person.
Lots of guys launch into compliments and really seem to over-do it. Many women will respond to this, but they're not really interested. If you want to actually get with a girl, start an emotional connection and a conversation, not an empty compliment.
8. **Tease her.** Some studies show that when we feel both positive and negative emotions at the same time, there is a kind of magnetic reaction that happens, which is often attraction. A common tactic that works especially well online is to gently and kindly tease a woman while you're chatting via text, email, or IM, about something.
Just be friendly and joking with a woman. Don't be flat-out mean. There's a difference between saying something gently teasing, "That picture of you on a horse makes me scared you're going to out-drink me and shoot me in the chest with your six gun. But I don't know if you have that in you..." and saying something like, "A woman who likes horses. Typical." That's not funny, or charming.
9. **Don't just talk, have something specific and interesting to say.** Pick something in her profile, or something that you notice about her in a picture and start there. Never start a chat with nothing but, "hey" or "what up." That doesn't give you any spark. You're going to get nowhere starting a conversation with nothing.
If you can't find anything you want to say other than, "Jeez you're hot and I'd love to hang out," lead with a silly or random question to get talking about something more interested: "I'd like to say something more interesting, but I'm a little stunned by your picture. To get around this, I have to ask: If you had twenty minutes left on earth, what would you do first?"
10. **Get her talking.** Ask questions to get a woman talking, flirting comfortably, and being comfortable with you. Listen to what she says and follow up with witty responses that will keep her interested. You want to make her want to talk to you.
Ask open-ended questions, not closed ones. "What's up?" is always going to be, "Not much." Instead, say, "What have you been doing since we talked last?" or better yet, ask follow-up questions. If she mentions a recent trip, ask, "What was that like? What was your favorite part? What was the worst thing you ate?" Give her things to say.
Try to be positive and show that you have really read her profile. For example, if you've seen she's a scuba diver and you've never been scuba diving, mention that and try talking about it.
Don't push it, and wait patiently for her messages. If you haven't gotten a response right away, don't write again until you do. If the messages drop dead after you gave her something specifically to respond to, the conversation is dead.
11. **Don't initiate the sex talk.** Guys come off like single-minded hounds way too often on the Internet. If you want to stand out, that's not the way to do it. If you're chatting on a dating site, she knows you're interested.
Sometimes, a little innuendo is fine, but keep it G-rated. If you're describing anything graphic, that's not going to be flirtatious, it's just going to be pornographic. Wouldn't you rather wait for the real thing?
Never, under any circumstances, should your first message involve any kind of sex joke or reference to a sex act, or a reference to what's between your legs. This isn't a funny way to stand out. It's a juvenile joke that only other dudes will think is funny.
12. **Be the one who ends the conversation.** Ideally, you want to be in demand. When she think of you, she should be thinking that she wants more. Often, online chats and conversations will kind of peter out naturally, and you'll both just run out of things to say. Before it gets to that, try to cut it off by saying something like, "Well, I've got to get going. My cat is hungry and is looking at me sideways. I'm scared for my face."
It's generally good to wait a bit before you talk again, but if you're really having a good conversation, try to keep it going as long as possible. Instead of transitioning to, "Well, I better get going," transition to, "Hey, crazy thought. What if we continued this over a drink tomorrow night?"
13. **Wait a while.** Generally, you should have a couple of chats, texts back and forth, or funny conversations on the phone before you try to get a woman to meet you somewhere. It might seem like you're being patient, but it might look to her like, "Hey, I think you're really pretty, oh haha you're funny to, want to meet me right now??" If you lead too quickly, it'll be a turn off.
There's no good rule of thumb, because every one and every conversation is different. try to feel out each girl you're talking to and wait until she says something positive to you, then don't be pushy.
Once you've asked, don't bring it up again until she does. You put it out there, so it's unlikely she'll forget that you're interested.
14. **Seem like you have your life together.** Women aren't interested in meeting man-boys. If your only interests are Xbox, goofing off online, and watching UFC, those aren't things that girls you hope to hook up with need to know about you. Focus on what you're doing right and how well you're put together, and let a little of the other stuff creep in to show you've got a funny side.
Want to come off like someone who's got it together? Talk about what creative projects you've got going on, but without getting into the nitty gritty.
Come up with a great way to summarize yourself: "Novelist, explorer of the halfpipe, and body-mod aficionado" sounds a lot better than, "Drop out English major with a skateboard and a septum piercing."
15. **Keep some mystery about yourself.** If you want to go from "funny online chat guy" to "guy who goes home with someone," you need to learn how to come off as a mysterious sexual force online. That involves a little bit of dynamic mystery in your chatting skills. Pull back a little and don't reveal too much about yourself.
Don't be too enthusiastic about anything. Don't overdo it with the, "Hahahahaha ur so funny!!!" when she makes a joke. Instead, just write, "Ha" and keep the conversation moving forward with your own contributions to the fun.
16. **Ask to meet in person when the time is right.** After you've hooked a woman who enjoys talking to you, it's time to pull the trigger and ask her if she wants to go out. There's no big secret to this, other than doing it specifically instead of vaguely. Don't ask someone if they want to get a drink with you "sometime," say, "I know this place that does a great happy hour on Fridays. Interested? I'll be there anyway with some friends."
Keep your first meeting casual. Meet her with some friends so she feels comfortable, or make it a big and fun event that will be pressure free. Good way to do things.
17. **Know when to move on.** There's no use in barking up the wrong tree. If something isn't working out, it's much better to stop before you make a mistake. If you don't get a quick response, don't just keep sending messages, or start thinking that you're writing messages in a vacuum. She's getting them. If she's not responding, it's because she doesn't want to. Take it easy, and put your efforts elsewhere.
You never know when a woman might cycle back through her contact list and say, "Gee, that guy was kind of interesting, maybe I'll send him a message." Never lash out if you get rejected. It's really easy to post that stuff to Facebook and make you look like a total idiot. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Seduce-a-Woman-Online", "language": "en"} |
How to Play with a Chihuahua | Chihuahuas are a small dog breed known to be graceful, charming, and sassy. Chihuahuas come in two different types, those with long coats and those with smooth coats. They also have different mixes and cultures. Chihuahuas tend to be mainly indoor dogs that do well in smaller spaces and with children. Because chihuahuas are so small, they don’t need a lot of exercise and actually prefer to curl up and cuddle with their owners. They do, however, love to run and play and the following ideas can help keep your chihuahua occupied with fun and games.
1. **Play hide and seek.** You can play hide and seek with multiple people and multiple dogs if you want, or you can play it alone with just your chihuahua. First, tell your chihuahua to stay in one place (he’ll need to know this command) and then go hide somewhere in your house. Once you’re hiding, call your chihuahua’s name so he’ll come find you.
You may need to say your chihuahua’s name a couple of times if they aren't used to the game yet.
If your chihuahua doesn’t know the stay command, or isn’t good at it, you might need another person to hold him in one spot while you hide. Once your hidden, that person can let him go and he’ll come find you.
Make sure you only hide in place where your chihuahua can get to or is allowed.
2. **Teach your chihuahua to help clean up.** If your chihuahua has a lot of toys, chances are they end up all over the house throughout the day. A great game to play with your chihuahua at the end of each day is to have him fetch their toys and put them away in the toy box.
Such a game will require some training in order for your chihuahua to learn certain commands.
For example, you may want to use the command “clean-up” to indicate your chihuahua needs to find all the toys and bring them to you.
Another example is to teach your chihuahua a command, like “in the basket” to tell your chihuahua they need to place each toy in the toy box.
3. **Have a tug-o-war with your chihuahua.** Use a rope (there are rope toys of all sizes specifically made for dogs) or another favourite toy, pulling it at the same time as your chihuahua. Your chihuahua will then tug on the toy to try to get it away from you. Get down to floor level and tug horizontally so your chihuahua's neck remains in a straight line. Avoid tugging upwards, which can yank their neck and be uncomfortable.
If you have more than one chihuahua, you might even be able to teach them to play tug-o-war with each other. Or they might just figure it out themselves when they both want to play with the same toy at the same time!
4. **Get your chihuahua to play fetch.** Fetch is a game that comes naturally to some dogs due to their instincts; chihuahuas are one of those breeds. When you throw a toy to your chihuahua, they may instinctively go get that toy and bring it back to you. If they do this, use the word “fetch” while he’s bringing the toy back so they begin to associate the command with the action he’s performing. Eventually, he’ll understand that when you throw a toy and say “fetch,” he’s supposed to bring the toy to you.
While in training, your chihuahua may not always bring the toy back to you when you throw it. If they don’t bring it back to you, and instead you have to go get it, remember not to say the command “fetch."
5. **Make time to play with your chihuahua every day.** Chihuahuas, in general, are energetic. If they do not have structured playtime, they’ll usually attempt to entertain themselves in a way that may be distractive or frustrating to you as a human. In order to make sure your chihuahua has some playtime to work off some of their excess energy, and to make sure you have time to interact with him, schedule time to play with him every day.
It is best to make this playtime the same time every day. Your chihuahua will learn what time is playtime and will come to expect it.
This playtime should be dedicated to your dog, which means you don’t get distracted by other activities you may also need to do.
This might also be a great time every day to take your chihuahua outside, maybe into your backyard, where you can chase him or have him play fetch with plenty of room.
6. **Walk your chihuahua every day.** Think of your daily walk with your chihuahua as both good for you and for him. It gives you a 30 minute walk outside every day, and it gives him a chance to work off some energy. To make things interesting, don’t walk the same route every day, change it up.
A 30 minute walk is likely long enough for your chihuahua. Unlike larger dogs, your chihuahua will not be able to go jogging or hiking with you.
You can, however, carry your chihuahua with you in a dog carrier that’s also a backpack or even a stroller.
7. **Allow your chihuahua a large area to run around.** Because the inside of your house or apartment may be too small, and may have a lot of breakable items, you will probably want to keep the energy level of play inside at a much lower level than outside. Every now and again, take your chihuahua outside to a place where you can take off their leash and allow him to run around all they want. In an ideal situation, this could be your backyard. But if you don’t have a large enough yard, or you don’t have a yard at all, you might want to consider a dog park or fenced area where you know it’s safe.
Be careful where you let your chihuahua off their leash. Some cities and municipalities may have bylaws regarding where dogs can be allowed off-leash. Not to mention some open areas or even dog parks may have large, aggressive dogs also off-leash that may harass or injure your chihuahua.
You may also want to consider doggy daycare for your chihuahua. Doggy daycares are great in that they keep your dog entertained all day while you’re at work. That means your dog isn’t getting into trouble in an empty house and he’s burning off energy before you get home. Some doggy daycares have large indoor and outdoor play areas where the dogs can run around and play with each other.
8. **Ensure your chihuahua’s toys are small enough for their mouth.** Chihuahuas are small and so are their mouths. As such, most regular-sized dog toys are too big for them to hold onto with their mouths. This means you may have to be careful about the size of the toys you buy your chihuahua. One great option is to get him stuffed toys rather than plastic or hard toys. Stuffed toys are easy for your chihuahua to crush and put in their mouth, and they’re quite light for him to carry around.
These toys are great for him to use when you aren’t able to play with him. The toys can keep him entertained so they hopefully don’t play with breakable household items instead!
9. **Use a harness on your chihuahua instead of a collar.** While you may still want to get your chihuahua a collar to put tags on, don’t use their collar for their leash. Instead, buy your chihuahua a small harness to use with their leash. Harnesses go around their chest and mid-section rather than their neck. Being as chihuahuas are so small, it can be easy to accidentally pull too hard on the leash and hurt ther neck if their leash is only attached to a collar.
It might take a couple tries for your chihuahua to get used to wearing a harness. If required, leave the harness on your chihuahua for slightly longer periods of time each day until he’s used to it.
It’s also good to be careful about the size and weight of the leash you use with your chihuahua. Buy the lightest leash you can as the extra weight of a heavy leash can also cause your chihuahua trouble when you’re taking him for a walk.
10. **Consider getting your chihuahua a friend.** Chihuahuas don’t often get along with other dogs or animals, unless it’s another chihuahua. If you don’t have enough time to keep your chihuahua entertained, or you don’t like leaving him alone while you’re at work, one option is to get another chihuahua. Two or more chihuahuas will keep each other company and will play with each other when you aren’t able to.
Getting a second chihuahua isn’t an excuse for ignoring your dogs. You still need to make time in your schedule to play and walk both dogs on a regular basis.
11. **Spend some quiet time with your chihuahua.** Playing and running around is great for you and your chihuahua, but it’s also a great idea to have quiet time with him on a regular basis. This quiet time can be spent simply cuddling on the couch, or you can use it to brush or groom him as needed. Quiet time is great to have just before you plan to go to bed. Not only will it help you relax and unwind, it will help get your chihuahua into a relaxed and sleepy state so everyone can go to bed without any disruptions.
12. **Get an exercise pen for your chihuahua.** You can find all sorts of exercise pens for dogs and other small animals at pets stores and online. They come in different sizes and are made of different materials. One great option is to get an exercise pen that is just fencing with no bottom. This type of pen can be easily folded up and stored, but can also be easily placed inside or outside your house. Depending on what you and your chihuahua are doing, you can put your dog inside the pen to give him limited space to play, to give him a safe place to play, or even to give him a way to be close to you if you don’t want him underfoot.
13. **Buy your chihuahua a sweater or two.** Chihuahuas may be energetic dogs, but they are very small and can get cold very easily. You, as a human, may feel fine at a certain temperature, but that same temperature may be making your dog shiver. In order to make him more comfortable and warm, especially when he’s outside with you, you may want to consider buying your chihuahua a sweater or coat.
If your chihuahua doesn’t like their sweater at first, only keep it on him for a short period of time. Over a few days or weeks, increase the amount of time they wear the sweater until they get used to it.
14. **Consider getting your chihuahua a set of doggy stairs.** Doggy stairs are small staircases that help your dog go from the floor to either the bed or the couch without jumping. In some cases, your chihuahua may not be capable of jumping the distance and this will be the only way for him to get up on the couch or bed. In other cases, this might help save your furniture from scratches if they use their claws to pull himself up.
Dogs stairs come in all types, including set stairs that are carpeted and plastic stairs that fold up.
You can even make your own stairs using wood or other materials, or just place boxes or bins in increasing height so they can use them to climb.
15. **Make sure your chihuahua has their own bed.** Chihuahuas love sleeping in the softest and most comfortable place they can find. As such, getting your chihuahua their own doggy bed is a great idea. You can even get your chihuahua more than one bed — one for your bedroom and another for your living room (or wherever you spend time during the day). When you’re in those particular rooms, your chihuahua will have a nice comfy place to curl up and sleep while keeping you company.
Doggy beds, in general, are also good because they can usually be cleaned a lot easier than your couch. Chihuahuas, even though they’re small, shed a lot. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Play-with-a-Chihuahua", "language": "en"} |
How to Make a Pair of Pants | The following sewing tips will help guide the novice sewer through making a pair of elastic-waist pants. Making your own pants is fun, and allows you to easily customize the length and fit of your pants, and create custom wardrobe items you can't find in stores. With practice, you can sew a pair of pants in 1 to 2 hours. The following directions can also be modified to make a pair of shorts.
1. **Choose a sewing pattern for basic elastic-waist pants.** Look for the keyword "pull-on pants" and a pattern with no zippers or pockets. Ideal patterns can be found in the Pants and Skirts, Sleepwear, and Men's/Unisex sections of most pattern catalogs.
2. **Choose a fabric for your pants.** The pattern envelope will include recommendations on the kind and amount of fabric you will need. Fabric store employees are always happy to make recommendations, as well. Generally, woven fabric with 1-2% spandex is great for pants. Try wool, cotton, polyester, a silk and cashmere blend, or a silk and wool blend.
Choose a fabric that is easy to work with for this project. Fabrics without much stretch are easier to work with than knits. A cute flannel or a cotton print would make a great choice for a pair of pants.
Be sure to note the care instructions for the fabric you choose; these will be printed on the end of the fabric bolt.
3. **Buy the fabric and notions needed to complete your project.** These will also be specified on the pattern envelope. You will usually need between 2.5 to 3 yards (2.3 to 2.7 m) of fabric, depending on the width of the fabric.
Purchase a spool of thread that will match or coordinate with your fabric. Look for a variety marked "all purpose" or "sew-all."
Purchase a package of 3/4-inch elastic for the waistband.
4. **Prewash your fabric.** It is important to prewash the fabric before you begin to cut and sew to minimize shrinkage, and to remove fabric sizing and excess dye. Make sure to prewash new fabric separately from other garments to avoid staining your clothes!
Machine sew a quick straight stitch 1/2 away from each cut edges of the fabric before washing to prevent loosely-knit fabric from unraveling.
Wash and dry the fabric according to the care instructions. For cotton fabrics, including flannel, machine wash in warm water using your normal detergent, and machine dry on high.
5. **Get ready to sew while the fabric is being laundered.** If you have your materials ready and your sewing station set up and ready to go, the actual construction of the pants will be a breeze!
Read the pattern instructions included in the envelope.
Thread your sewing machine and load the bobbin with the thread you plan to use.
Set up your ironing board, or prepare an ironing surface. You can lay out several layers of towels on the floor or table to iron on in a pinch.
Prepare a surface for cutting out the pattern and fabric. Remember that scissors can leave dents on wooden surfaces, so you may want to use a sheet of cardboard or a tablecloth to protect your dining room table.
6. **Cut out the pattern.** Your pants pattern should consist of a "front" and "back" leg piece. Cut the pattern pieces out carefully, following the lines for the desired size.
If the tissue paper pattern is heavily creased or wrinkled, you can iron it with a dry iron on low heat to smooth it out before cutting.
Diamonds or triangle tabs on the edge of the pattern will be used later to match up pieces of fabric. Take care not to cut them off.
7. **Iron the fabric so it will lay flat on your cutting surface.**
8. **Lay out the fabric on your cutting surface and position the pattern pieces on top, according to the pattern directions.** Most patterns will instruct you to fold the fabric in half before cutting. This way, you end up cutting out two pieces of cloth at once, one for the right leg and one for the left.
9. **Pin the pattern paper to the fabric with straight pins, placed every 3–4 inches (7.6–10 cm), or as often as you need to keep the pattern securely attached.** If your fabric is doubled-up, make sure the pins go completely through both layers.
10. **Cut out the fabric pieces using a pair of sharp scissors.** Cut through both layers of fabric at the same time, and be sure to cut diamonds or notches where they are marked on the pattern paper.
11. **Remove the pins from the cut pieces.** You should end up with 4 pieces of fabric: two "fronts" and two "backs," one for each pant leg.
12. **Cut a piece of elastic for the waistband.** Use a tape measure to measure your waist, then cut a piece of 3/4-inch elastic that is 1 inch (2.5 cm) longer than this length.
13. **Match up the pattern pieces and pin them together.** Match up one front and one back leg and place them together with right sides facing. The "right" side of the fabric is the side that is worn outside the body, i.e. the part that people will see.
Align the edges and all notches, and pin together the inside and outside seams.
Completely pin up both legs before you start sewing to make sure that everything is matched up correctly. You should end up with two inside-out fabric tubes that are mirror images of one another.
14. **Sew up each pant leg using a straight stitch, 1/2" from the edge of the fabric.** Sew the outer seam of each pant leg first. Then sew the inner seams of each pant leg. Alternately, you could sew one leg up completely, and then do the other.
15. **Remove the pins, and press all seams open with your iron.** This is an important step to make sure the two legs can be joined together smoothly, and that you don't create awkward bunches and twists at the seams.
16. **Join the two pant legs together.** Begin by turning one sewn pant leg right side out, then insert this pant leg into the other, so that right sides of the fabric are touching. Now pin the crotch seam of the two pant legs together, making sure that all seams and notches are aligned. (The crotch seam will look like a "U" in shape.)
17. **Sew the crotch seam with a straight stitch.** For extra durability, you can also use a heavy-duty stitch, or add a second row of stitching 1/8" away from the first.
18. **Turn the pants inside out and press the crotch seam open.** You are nearly done with your pair of pants!
19. **Create a casing at the top of the pants for the elastic.** Fold the top of the pants down 1/4" and press, then fold down another 1 1/4" and press again. Stitch 1/8" from the bottom of the casing, all the way around the pants, leaving a 2" gap to insert the elastic.
20. **Insert the elastic into the casing.** Attach a large safety pin to one end of the elastic, and use this to thread the elastic into the casing you have made at the top of the pants. You can also use a bodkin for this task.
Stitch the ends of the elastic together using a zig-zag stitch. Make sure you have no twists in your elastic first!
Finish the waistband by sewing the gap you left for the elastic closed.
21. **Hem the pants.** First try on the pants to decide how long you want them to be. A helper at this stage can come in really handy! Mark the desired length of the pants with pins or a washable fabric marker.
If the unfinished pants are more than an inch longer than you'd like them to be, trim off the excess material at the bottom.
Fold the bottom of each pant leg over 1/4" and press, then fold them over another 3/4" and press again. Pin the hems, and sew 1/2" from the bottom of the pants. (The pants should still be inside-out for this step!)
22. **Proudly wear your new pants!** Be sure to remove all pins and turn the pants right side out before putting them on. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Pair-of-Pants", "language": "en"} |
How to Grow Cordyceps | If you’re into dietary supplements, you might be excited to incorporate cordyceps into your diet. Cordyceps is a type of mushroom used in traditional Chinese medicine, but you may also use it as a supplement to boost exercise performance, fight aging, or support your overall health. It's a parasitic mushroom because it grows on insect larvae and eventually kills its host. While its natural habitat is elevated land in Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan, and Yunnan in China, you may be able to grow it at home, though it can be a challenge.
1. **Purchase cordyceps inoculating fluid online.** Cordyceps inoculating fluids contain spores that are ready for planting. Search for an inoculating fluid that’s shipped to your region. It’s easier to get it if you’re in China or India, but it’s also available in other parts of the world.
You can buy cordyceps inoculating fluid or spores from a medicinal company, research company, or someone who grows cordyceps.
2. **Add 50 grams of your grain substrate to a pint-sized jar.** Substrate is the material or surface that a plant grows on, in this case grains. Use a pint-sized Mason jar to hold your substrate because it provides a healthy environment for growing cordyceps. Measure out 50 grams (1.8 oz) of your grain of choice, then pour it into your jar. Good options for grain substrate include:
Brown rice
Standard millet
German millet
Indian millet
Chinese barley
Standard barley
Black rice
3. **Mix 60 mL (2.0 fl oz) of distilled water into the grain.** Use a measuring spoon or syringe to measure out 60 mL (2.0 fl oz) of distilled water. Then, add the water to your substrate. Cover the jar with a lid and shake it to combine the grain and water.
It’s best to use distilled water because it won’t have impurities. Tap water can contain chemicals and microbes that may affect your cordyceps.
4. **Sterilize your substrate by baking it in a pan for 20 minutes at 121 °C (250 °F).** Sterilizing your substrate helps keep your crop pure. Preheat your oven to 121 °C (250 °F). Pour your substrate into a clean baking dish, then place the dish in the preheated oven. Set a timer for 20 minutes and remove the pan when the timer goes off.
It’s not safe to bake a jar, so don’t sterilize your substrate in the jar.
5. **Pour the substrate back into your jar after it cools.** Leave the substrate to cool for 30 minutes to an hour. Then, carefully transfer the substrate to the jar. If necessary, use a clean spoon to help the substrate slide out of the pan and into the jar.
The substrate shouldn’t be hard after you heat it, but it may be thicker and lumpier.
6. **Put 20 mL (0.68 fl oz) of inoculating fluid into the substrate.** Read the instructions that came with your inoculating fluid so you know how it’s supposed to be used. Open your inoculating fluid and add it to your substrate. It’s okay to put it on the surface because you’ll mix it in by shaking the jar.
Your inoculating fluid will likely come pre-measured, so you shouldn’t have to worry about measuring it.
7. **Cover the jar and shake it to mix the inoculating fluid into the substrate.** Screw the lid back on the jar so you won’t spill any of your substrate. Then, shake the jar for 3-5 minutes to mix the inoculating fluid into the substrate. Once they’re mixed, remove the lid from the jar.
Mixing the inoculating fluid into the substrate will help your cultures grow.
8. **Introduce insect larvae to your substrate for potent cordyceps.** While you can try to grow cordyceps without insect larvae, they’re less likely to grow in grains alone. This type of fungi feeds off of a host, so you’re more likely to get a crop if you incorporate larvae into the substrate. Choose a type of insect larvae that you can obtain in your area. Then, purchase it online or collect the larvae in nature.
Ghost moth larvae are typically the host insect for cordyceps. However, you might also use silkworm pupa or caterpillars. Ground up silkworm pupa is also an option. You can buy these online. While they’ll likely arrive dead, they can still be a food source for the cordyceps.
If you want to harvest larvae, you might check leaves, branches, and the ground for caterpillars. Put the caterpillars in a container and then transfer them to your substrate, along with fresh leaves. Replenish the leaves often so your caterpillars have a food supply.
9. **Purchase a grow-kit online for an easy option.** Using a grow-kit is a convenient way to grow cordyceps because it comes with everything you need. Kits are available for purchase online. Read the details carefully to find out what the kit contains and what size crop you can expect. Pick a kit that fits your preferences.
You can find kits starting at around $25.
10. **Pour the substrate in your kit into the container provided.** Pull out the substrate and jar or tube provided in your kit. Remove the lid from the container and open the substrate package. Then, carefully drop the substrate into the jar or tube.
Kits may provide different types of substrate. You might receive grains, soil, or ground up insect larvae.
11. **Add the cordyceps spores or inoculation liquid to the substrate.** Read your kit’s instructions for inserting the spores or liquid into the substrate. Open the cordyceps spores or inoculation liquid that came in your kit. Then, spread the spores or inoculation liquid over the substrate.
Always follow the instructions that came with your kit so you’re more likely to get the results you expect.
12. **Cover and shake the container to mix the cordyceps into the substrate.** Put the lid back on the jar or tube that came with your kit. Then, shake the container for 3-5 minutes to combine the cordyceps spores or inoculating fluid with the substrate.
If your kit’s instructions have different instructions, always follow them to make sure your spores or inoculating fluid are properly mixed into the substrate.
13. **Give the substrate continuous light and 70-80% humidity.** Place the jar or tube under a grow light or lamp. Then, place a humidity meter on the container or nearby to monitor the room humidity. If you need to raise the humidity, spray the container with water. If the humidity is too high, turn on a dehumidifier to reduce it.
You can purchase a humidity meter online, at a pet store, or at a gardening store.
You can purchase a dehumidifier at a department store, home improvement store, or online.
14. **Keep the container at 20 °C (68 °F) so the cordyceps can grow.** Place a thermometer near the jar or tube so you can monitor the temperature. Then, set the room temperature at around 20 °C (68 °F) if possible. To cool the area, turn on a fan and aim it at your plant. If it’s too cold, use a heat lamp or small space heater to warm the area around your container.
The temperature is very important for growing cordyceps. Make sure it stays within a few degrees of 20 °C (68 °F). Otherwise, your crop may not grow or could be stunted.
15. **Allow your cordyceps to incubate for 60 days.** Leave your cordyceps undisturbed while they’re growing. You will likely notice sprouts within 2 weeks of planting your cordyceps. Expect them to reach their full maturity in about 60 days.
It’s okay to occasionally spray your cordyceps with water if you live in a low humidity area. Otherwise, don’t worry about tending to them.
16. **Harvest your cordyceps when they reach the top of the jar or after 60 days.** Your cordyceps likely won’t grow taller than the top of your jar, so pick them when they reach the lip of the jar. Some cordyceps won’t reach the top of the jar, so go ahead and harvest them when they’ve been growing for 60 days. Harvest them by plucking them from the substrate.
Keep in mind that cordyceps won’t have a second crop, so you don’t need to worry about destroying the root systems.
If you’re using a kit, check the instructions to find out when the manufacturer recommends harvesting the cordyceps. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Grow-Cordyceps", "language": "en"} |
How to Play Cornhole | Cornhole, sometimes called corn toss, bean bag toss, or baggo, is a lawn game popular in America. In this game, two teams throw bean bags into the holes of a goal board positioned on the ground to score points. With a few supplies and tools, you can make a Cornhole set of your own, or you could buy the game pre-made at a store. Either way, once you lay the groundwork for the game, it won't be long before you begin playing, and there are even ways you can improve your technique.
1. **Collect your Cornhole equipment.** You'll need two sets of bean bags, with each set having four bags apiece. It's a good idea to choose two colors for your bean bags, one color for each team. This way, you can easily differentiate teams. Additionally, each team must have one goal board per team.
Official Cornhole goal boards are 2 by 4 feet (0.61 by 1.22 m), with a hole 6 inches (15.24 cm) wide centered 9 inches (22.9 cm) from the top of the board. Larger or smaller boards might not work as well.
Bean bags larger or smaller than 6 inches by 6 inches (15.24 cm by 15.24 cm) may make the game too difficult or too easy.
You can frequently find and buy pre-made Cornhole games at general retailers, sports stores, and sporting goods stores.
2. **Arrange the team goals.** Team goals should be set up on level ground opposite from each other. The front of each goal should be 27 feet (8.2 m) apart from the other. The goal hole of each board should be positioned away from the opposing board.
You may want to orient your playing area to face north and south. This way, the sun will have less of a negative impact on play.
3. **Gather players for your Cornhole game.** You can play Cornhole with two or four players. Players should be divided evenly into two teams. Two-player teams will have a player at each goal board, and single person teams will always throw from the same board.
The rules of Cornhole are relatively simple. If you're in need of players for your game, even complete beginners can pick it up quickly and enjoy playing.
4. **Explain the rules.** Each goal board begins with four bean bags apiece. The players at each goal board should alternate throwing bean bags at the opposite goal board until all four are thrown on one side. Then the opposite board players should do the same. This is repeated until a team reaches 21 points, total.
All throws should be made from behind the front of the board in an imaginary 3-foot ( .91 m) wide pitcher's box that extends the entire length of both sides of the board.
Bean bags that make it through the hole in the other team's goal board are worth three points. Bags that touch and remain on the board earn a single point. Bags knocked into the hole by another bag are also worth three points.
5. **Choose a non-player judge to keep participants honest.** When the competition is heated, players may argue about whether or not something was a foul. Because the Cornhole playing field is relatively large, it can be difficult for opposing teams to clearly distinguish fouls. A judge will help prevent this.
Although a judge is recommended for serious players and tournaments, a judge is not required to play this game.
6. **Decide which team throws first.** Now that you've got your teams assembled and the rules are explained, you're ready to start playing. Flip a coin to determine the team that throws first. After that, players should take their position beside or behind their goal board, alternating throws between teams.
If you lack a coin, you can play Rock, Paper, Scissors to determine the starting team instead.
7. **Throw bean bags to score points.** Following the rules carefully so as not to lose points to foul bags, throw your bags at the other team's goal board. Experiment with different underhand throws to find one that works best for you.
When using tall arc tosses, be sure to account for the wind, as it can have a significant effect on these throws.
Low arc tosses generally have more horizontal speed, resulting in more forward momentum. This can help your bag slide up the goal board into the hole.
Avoid throwing a bag higher than 5 - 10 feet (1.5 - 5.8 m). Tosses outside of this range suffer from decreased accuracy.
8. **Avoid committing fouls.** Committing a foul in Cornhole will result in the foul bag being removed from play for that inning. Fouls occur when you play out of turn, step outside the pitcher's box while throwing, or when your bag touches the ground before coming to a stop on the goal board.
In official games, all players are expected to make each throw in under 20 seconds. Taking longer will also result in a foul.
You must always throw bean bags underhand. Overhand throws and side throws common in Frisbee are considered fouls.
As soon as a foul is committed, the foul bag should be removed from the board if necessary. Return any bags affected by the foul bag to their pre-foul positions.
9. **Calculate the score for the inning.** The end score of each inning is determined by cancellation scoring. This where you deduct the score of the lower point team from the point leader of that inning. Don't forget that bags knocked through the hole by another bean bag during play are worth the full three points.
For example, if in a single inning Team A scored five points and Team B scored three points, the end score of that inning would be two points in Team A's favor.
10. **Start the next inning with the point winner.** After you've calculated the points, you'll know which team was the point winner for that inning. This is the team that begins throwing the next round. If neither team scored in the inning, the first toss of the next round goes to the final pitcher of the preceding inning.
Continue playing innings until a team reaches 21 points. When that happens, the game is finished.
11. **Aim for the front of the board.** Even though the three-point hole is toward the back of the board, throwing at the front of the board improves your chances of sliding a bag into the hole or landing one on the board for a single point. When aiming for the back of the board, it's easy to overthrow and get no points at all.
Landing bags on the goal board will create obstacles for your opponent. This can be a useful tactic for blocking points.
12. **Put a spin on the bags you throw.** Hold your bean bag so it is flat in your hand. When you throw, keep your wrist straight and use your fingers to create lateral spin, much like a Frisbee. This will give your bag a better chance of sliding into the hole for three points.
As you release the bag, allow your index and middle fingers to stay in contact with the bag slightly longer than the others to help generate spin.
You must use an underhanded release in Cornhole. Even though the side throw common with Frisbees feels natural for putting a spin on the bag, it is illegal.
13. **Perfect your grip and stance.** Each individual will be different, but generally, you should hold the bag with four fingers under it and your thumb roughly at its top center. Keep your knees slightly bent, and lean your body a little over your throwing arm so it can swing and throw freely.
For the most consistent throw, try to keep your feet positioned the same every throw. A starting position with both feet close together is strong.
14. **Keep calm as you play.** Tension or nerves can hurt your performance. Try to enjoy yourself and have a good time. If you notice you start getting worked up over the game, you might want to take a break or recenter yourself with:
Deep breathing exercises. Take a deep, full breath while counting to five, hold it for a five count, then release the breath on a five count.
Muscle relaxation exercises. Tighten and release each muscle or muscle group for six seconds, starting from the top of your body and working your way down. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Play-Cornhole", "language": "en"} |
How to Cope With a Person Passing Away | Losing a friend or loved one can be one of the hardest parts of being human. It may be difficult to move on with life without that person being there. Overcoming grief is a unique process because everyone grieves differently. Learn some tips to process your loss and cope in a healthy way.
1. **Know that there is no right or wrong way to grieve.** While there may be some common ways that people often react to death, no two people will react or learn to cope with the death in the exact same manner or time frame.
You may notice some people around you either seem to be much more affected by the death or not bothered by it. Be careful not to assume they do not care. A family member may find comfort in staying busy and focusing on other things—this is just the way he or she deals with the death.
Grieving is not about who is the most upset. It’s a very personal thing. You may also find that everyone around you has some sort of suggestion about moving on or how it gets easier. This advice may or may not be helpful to you. Just keep in mind that they mean well and are also trying to cope with the death and also be there for you.
2. **Be aware of the common reactions to death.** You may see both physical and emotional reactions to the death that depend on several factors. Knowing these helps you to understand that grieving can look very different. Your feelings are adequate and real no matter how you might express them.
Physical reactions to the death may manifest as dizziness, physically throwing up or feeling like you are going to, numbness, disorientation, headache or body pains, or not being able to sleep or the opposite where you feel all you can do is sleep.
Emotional reactions may include sadness, confusion, denial about what happened, anger, and guilt.
Certain factors may influence how you grieve a particular death. These include, but are not limited to, the relationship you had with the person who passed, the age of the person, the person’s health at the time he or she died, and whether the death was something you were anticipating.
3. **Anticipate the different stages of grief.** While most people will go through each stage of grief, there is no time frame or correct way to do so. You also may find you don’t go through all the stages and that is fine, too. The stages of grief might look like:
Denial- “This can’t be true. I just talked to her.”
Anger- Needing to know who is to blame or how it happened
Bargaining- “Take me instead.”
Depression- “I can’t go on alone.”
Acceptance- “I know she is not in pain anymore.”
Many people assume that it is wrong to feel angry about things or feel out of place if those around you are feeling differently about the death. Try to not punish yourself for the way you feel, just be aware that the emotions may come and go.
4. **Give yourself time.** There is no hard and fast time frame to get back to “normal,” so don’t try to push yourself into things you are not ready for. While some routines may help you cope like returning to work to keep yourself busy, you may find other routines never fully recover. There is no right or wrong way to deal with the change.
One thing to keep in mind when taking the time you need: even though your world may seem upside down, the world around you still goes on. Reach out to get help if you need someone to make sure you are staying in contact with work if you are not able to attend or keeping up with the daily bills to avoid forgetting to pay something important like rent.
5. **Spend time with loved ones who knew the person.** Don’t be afraid to talk about the person and share all types of memories. Part of being a support also means not having to talk about the person all of the time. Everyone will be dealing with it in their own way so it’s also fine to leave things unsaid and just spend time making sure everyone is OK.
Include children and younger family members in these groups when it is possible. Kids need to see they do not need to hold in their feelings. Crying is OK to do in front of others and this includes the kids.
6. **Look for solace in your spirituality.** Spirituality for some means turning to religion but it doesn’t have to if that is not a regular part of your life. You may find whatever you believe occurs after death is a way to find peace in the death of a loved one. Take whatever time you need to talk about this with others who share your beliefs.
You may also choose to pray, meditate, or take walks in nature to ease your grief.
7. **Participate in a bereavement support group.** In the months after the death, you will find those around you talk less about it, but a group setting can help you feel like you can still talk about it on a regular basis with people who have been there.
To find a group, you can reach out to a variety of sources including groups specific to the type of death (like cancer survivors group, or families of crime victims) or those that are religious based if you feel that is a good fit. Many hospitals also offer support groups as well.
You will probably find the group setting either really helpful or not. You can test the waters to see which type of outside supports work best for you. If it's unhelpful, you may find that one-on-one counseling with a grief specialist works.
8. **Look after yourself physically.** While emotional reactions are expected after a death, there are also physical symptoms to grief. Loss of appetite, nausea and stomach pain, intestinal upset, and sleep disturbances/loss of energy often present themselves when someone is experiencing grief. By taking care of your body, you can also help to heal your mind.
Do your best to get enough sleep and eat right. Exercise is a good way to help increase your ability to sleep and eat. In addition, it causes your body to produce endorphins, which will help lift your mood. Avoid using drugs or alcohol to "numb the pain."
If, no matter how hard you try, you have trouble keeping a regular appetite and sleep habits, you may need to talk to a professional. Sometimes, people who are grieving experience symptoms of depression, which must be addressed in order to fully heal.
9. **Attend the memorial service.** It may seem overwhelming to think about going, but it is often healing to participate in the rituals tied to paying your respect and will help you connect with others who are also dealing with the death.
Many people become almost obsessed with the “perfect” funeral, and feel like they can only pay their respects by putting on a lavish ceremony. Honor the person in the best way you can and know that small things that go wrong really won’t be remembered.
If the service is uncomfortable due to differing religious beliefs, try to at least participate in parts of the services whether it is a graveside service outside of the church or a private viewing. Many memorials offer flexible options to participate either in a bigger service or attend a private viewing of the body without the religious service.
10. **Reminisce about the person’s life.** Look at pictures. Share and tell funny stories. It’s OK to laugh even after someone has passed away. Take the funny memories forward along with all the other memories. You will find many family members will enjoy just laughing and sharing the history.
11. **Plan a solo trip to the burial location.** Give yourself the opportunity during this alone time to cry as much as you need to, talk to your loved one if you want to and just do whatever feels right in the moment. Unlike the funeral setting, no one is watching so this is your time to say goodbye or reminisce with your loved one.
Visit as often as you feel you want to. Some people feel comfort in regular trips just to chat with the loved one while others may not feel connected to the gravesite. There is no right or wrong way to handle visits.
12. **Write a letter to say goodbye.** If the passing was not expected, you may feel like there were things left unsaid—so say them. Don’t get hung up on what to do with the letter after you write it. You will find a solution that seems to fit. Focus on putting your thoughts on paper and getting closure. Afterwards, you may choose to share it with another loved one or even read it aloud at the grave site.
13. **Use your grief to enact change.** Sometimes, you may find closure by making a difference after the death. Take action in some way to help other people who may be in your shoes someday.
For example, if your loved one died of cancer, you might start a foundation to spread awareness. If he or she passed after an accident, you can use your energy to prevent future accidents of the same kind.
Take this act of change one step further and honor the name of your loved one by starting a scholarship in memory or name the foundation after the one who passed. Incorporate the life story of your loved one in the story of the foundation. This is a terrific way to maintain his or her legacy with a positive contribution to society. | en.wikihow.com | {"url": "https://www.wikihow.com/Cope-With-a-Person-Passing-Away", "language": "en"} |
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