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1,200 | A single bid can be placed as a one time bid for any amount. An autobid can be placed and set at your maximum amount you are willing to spend. With autobid, our system will place your bid at the minimum amount needed to lead. When you are outbid, our system will bid automatically for you until your maximum is reached.
Who wins?
When two bids are placed for the same amount, the bid placed first based on the timestamp wins. Timestamps are set when the initial bid is placed, for autobids this is when a maximum was set not when the system prompted the bid to win.
Why are there bids with the same amount?
We list competing bids of the same amount to indicate what prompted an autobid to be placed. Otherwise, it would be unclear as to why an autobid was increased.
For Example, Item 100 has a current amount of $100 and a bid increment of $50. John placed an autobid at 7:00pm with a maximum amount of $200. John is winning at $150. Jill placed a bid for $200 at 7:30pm. John's bid is increased to $200 by our system. John wins because he committed to the amount earlier than Jill. The list shows both John and Jill at $200 so we can see what prompted John's bid to increase. | {
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1,201 | For all those people who are translating the CVS of e107 0.7 into other languages, or those people wishing too, please check out the new forum section for Translators:
For all those people who are translating the CVS of e107 0.7 into other languages, or those people wishing too, please check out the new forum section for Translators: | {
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1,202 | Now of course I know there are those of you that don’t give a rat’s arse about other people and refuse to wear a mask in public because it interferes with your right to breathe (it doesn’t, you can breathe just fine wearing one), and it fogs up your glasses (it does, I know, I wear glasses myself), and is generally a royal pain in your behind (it is).
But there may be a little-known benefit to wearing a mask: It may, just possibly, save you from dying a real miserable premature death. How so? Well, you know, this mask that irks you so much may limit your exposure to SARS-CoV-2 just enough to save you from a severe case of COVID-19. Maybe you will not be infected at all; maybe you will be spared hostitalization, being put on a respirator and ultimately dying.
This is your public service announcement for today: wearing a mask in public is not a perfect protection from being infected, but it may contribute to protect you. The exact degree of that protection is unknown, but it is very likely significant.
Wear a mask. For your own benefit, and for the benefit of others. That will be all for today. Thank you.
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2020-06-18: Paid sick leave is essential.
in: Lies damned lies and politics
I mean what the fuck is wrong with people? This time it is German meat-processing plants but it doesn’t really matter. If you feel sick, you must have the liberty to stay home, and/or seek medical attention, without fear of losing out on pay, being out of a job, or being bankrupted by medical costs. This is so obvious that that German enterprises are trying to wiggle out of it is a shame.
I feel ashamed that this bullshit is going on in Germany today. We really should know better than this.
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2020-06-16: Tracing apps galore!
in: Lies damned lies and politics
So I see normally sane people boasting that they have installed their country’s tracing app; ours came out today. Why is that, I wonder?
Be sure not to misunderstand; I am not a tin-foil hat wearer that tells you that tracing apps are the devil, and that you should not use them no matter what. You can install and use one if you want; you just need to know that they are, by design, almost completely pointless.
You need to know a few things. First, the likelihood that any random encounter between two people will be even registered is the square of the rate of people (not smartphone users) who have the app installed. So if we do hit the target of 60% of people (which is almost 100% of smartphone users, the maximum possible), the likelihood of any random encounter being registered is a bit above a third (36%). The highest numbers of actual adoption of a tracing app is from Iceland, where it is about 38% of the population. That means that the encounter of two random people will be recorded with a probability of a whopping 14.4%, or about one in seven. (Do the math.)
But that’s only one side of the coin; the easy one. So we now know that almost all dangerous encounters will go undetected.
What about the ones that do get detected? Are they dangerous?
And that’s where things get dicy. The closeness of contact is estimated (at least for the German app) using the strength of the Bluetooth signal. Unfortunately, the relative strength of the Bluetooth signal is governed by very different factors from what governs the chances of infection. Imagine talking to someone separated from you by a plexiglass barrier. The chance of infection is small. Yet, your app will count it as a dangerous contact. Or maybe you are on a café’s terrace, seperated from someone on the inside by a full-height window. Chance of infection: zero. Closeness of contact according to the app: very close. And since (again, with the German app) you are not told exactly where and when you were in close proximity: maybe you left your phone in your car while going for a jog, or a swim, and someone parked their car with their phone next to you? Maybe it was on a charger at the time, and someone else’s came close? Maybe your phones got intimate with each other but you didn’t?
And that’s before we start talking about masks.
Oh, you are wearing your phone in your butt pocket? I see many young women do that. Your body (which is mostly water) shields your phone from detecting people breathing directly into your face from counting as close encounters while anyone rubbing their butt (and phone) against yours will be counted as very close, high-risk contacts. (Same goes for people carrying phones in backpacks.) And of course there is no calibration for the measurement of Bluetooth signals; measured values can be all over the place.
So what does it tell you if your app does not have any reasons for alerting you? It means “You may or may not be infected; remain cautious and considerate to those around you.” What if the app tells you you had a potentially dangerous encounter? It still means “You may or may not be infected; remain cautious and considerate to those around you.”
I don’t need an app for that.
Install it if you want; no harm done. (That is a simplification, I know. Not much harm done, anyway.) But not much gained either.
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2020-06-12: How I view people
in: Personal observations
Maybe there are people that are sill unclear on how I view my fellow human beings. So let me get a few things straight.
To say that I don’t care about attributes of yourself that you have no control over would be an overstatement. If I personally take an interest in you, and you let me on to this kind of information, I will know if you are gay or straight (or any other flavour of Q), Caucasian, Mexican, Vietnamese, or whatever it may be, what your native language, your favourite imaginary friend or other background is and quite a few other things. To say that I don’t care about these things would be rude.
I do care. Because I do care about you.
The one thing I don’t do is judge you by these things. I judge you by what you say and what you do. Not by who you are.
That will be all for now. Judge your fellow humans by their personal words and actions, not by whatever properties they may have. | {
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1,203 | On Wings of Love These white birds are a symbol of a public confession of true love. spreading news for all to see, this marriage is made of Peace, Harmony and Unity. White wingsed messengers, set free today are sent with blessings that will never fade away.
Wedding Packages
A) Two Dove Release- $180 A two dove release by the bride and groom represents the beginning of a new life together. B) Two Dove Release and a Small Flock of 5 Doves- $250 The two dove release by the bride and groom is immediately followed by an 5 dove release from a strategically place box to represent the love and best wishes of the family and friends who will share in the couples' journey together.
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1,204 | We provide custom brochure design, custom business card design, logo design, and printing for companies and organizations all over the world. Our level of expertise in brochure designing ranges over 3 years’ experience in small business marketing.
Whether you need a corporate brochure, tri-fold brochure, sales collateral, training manual, booklet, presentation folder or a catalogue we have the mastery over on-time delivery and also at a price range that works for small business. All projects are outlined and coached in house. We are adept with handling projects with any dimensions. Contact us instantly for a quote on your brochure design. | {
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1,205 | This site only works with Javascript enabled. Please check your browser settings and then reload this page. Thank you.
Attention: This interim version of the German Early Cinema Database is brought to you by the DCH Cologne. It should contain all necessary capabilities to ensure data access, but may lack certain features, such as adminastrive access. If You find a desired feature not working properly, please feel free to contact us at: [email protected]. | {
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1,206 | TLDR; What foreign currency, with what event, like war, or troops pull out, or a country's central bank to take over their currency and then revalue and go way up, much like what happened to the Kuwaiti Dinar?
I'm aware of the scams on buying various foreign paper, and I'm also aware of the issue of paying USD for foreign paper, and when you need to cash out, you lose to rate of exchange and inflation of the USD. That your better off at trading online, and doing it within minutes, hours or days at the most.
I know that the idea behind buying the IQD, Dong, Won, Rupiahs, Yuan, and Iranian Rials is that the currency is considered undervalued if not artificially manipulated to be low. And that one day it will be revalued, so if you bought at equivalent of fractions of 0.0001 USD cent, and its revalued at $2.50USD equal at the exchange, then poof you're an instant multi-millionaire.
It's all a matter of the likelyhood, the potential reality, and just when will which one of these undervalued foreign currencies will actually revalue, and enough so as to get past inflation, rate of exchange, and wind up well past break even.
So the question is, looking for one of the foreign currencies I mentioned, what event, like war, or troops pull out, or a countries central bank to take over their currency from a foreign occupier, etc will allow that currency to ability to then revalue and go way up, much like what happened to the Kuwaiti Dinar?
Thank you
submitted by Data_Geek to Forex [link] [comments]
IQD - Iraqi Dinar. Our currency rankings show that the most popular Iraq Dinar exchange rate is the USD to IQD rate. The currency code for Dinars is IQD, and the currency symbol is د.ع. More Iraqi Dinar info > In finance, an IQD to USD exchange rate is the Iraqi Dinar to >US Dollar rate at which Iraqi Dinar to US Dollar will be exchanged for another. It is also regarded as the value of IQD to USD in relation to another currency. For example, an interbank exchange rate of 114 Japanese yen to the United States dollar means that ¥114 will be exchanged for each US$1 or that US$1 will be exchanged for ... IQD: 1 IQD = Inverse: 0.0008 1190: 0.0007 1384.1491: 0.0007 1516.6539: 0.0887 11.2699 IQD to TMT exchange rate The Dinar (Arabic pronunciation: [diːˈnɑːr]) (Arabic: دينار, [(sign: د.ع; code: IQD) is the currency of Iraq. It is issued by the Central Bank of Iraq and is subdivided into 1,000 fils (فلس), although inflation has rendered the fils obsolete since 1990. In finance, an INR to IQD exchange rate is the Indian Rupee to >Iraqi Dinar rate at which Indian Rupee to Iraqi Dinar will be exchanged for another. It is also regarded as the value of INR to IQD in relation to another currency. For example, an interbank exchange rate of 114 Japanese yen to the United States dollar means that ¥114 will be exchanged for each US$1 or that US$1 will be exchanged ...
[index] [1472] [4886] [1850] [1730] [3274] [4995] [4734] [4028] [3976] [5294]
IQD News Update Revalue,Reinstate Float or Redenominate? USD/IQD Exchange Rate
Iraqi Dinar Exchange Rate and Foreign Currency What is a basket of currencies? How is the Iraqi Dinar Exchange Rate Determined? Is the US on a fixed for float type of currency exchange? Iraq News Updates Eight Factors That Help Determine the Foreign Exchange Rate Purchase Iraqi Dinar: https://amzn.to/3eyI3TQ Purchase Vietnam Dong: https://am... Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881-Lecture-2-Bill of Exchange & Cheque #rameshmohansrivastava #rmssir - Duration: 1:14:09. Mohans Foundation Ramesh Mohan Srivastava 64 views 1:14:09 Iraq is in a perfect position to help the world financial community after our exsisting problems are resolved (world health issues) because many countries, i... currency exchange,usd to pkr,dollar rate,us currency exchange,us currency exchange rates,us dollar exchange rates,usd to inr,today dollar rate,us dollar exchange rate,us dollar exchange rates ... | {
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1,207 | Let me invite you to make yourself at home as you browse through the history and ministries of our church.
God has given me the privilege of pastoring this great congregation where I strive to be faithful to God’s Word in my teachings, preaching and daily living.
My passion is to help people establish a personal relationship with Jesus and enjoy an exciting Christian walk. My prayer is that you will experience the joy of this relationship with Jesus and find East Hickman Baptist Church a place where you can express your faith through worship and service.
Please join us this Sunday and experience East Hickman for yourself!
-- Dr. Kevin R. Davidson | Pastor
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1,208 | It’s been a great summer for Shopping for Happiness. I mean, I’ve personally had a great summer (though between work, family trips and weekends dedicated to buying a dog, I haven’t been posting as much as I’d like). But my blog had a good summer too, catching the eye of several journalists who thought its messages about mindful spending and self-care would resonate with their readers. Looking to find a really special designer piece while in Paris? Look no further than Lorette & Jasmin, an alluring consignment store (dépôt vente in French) in the heart of the chic 16th arrondissement. At Paris Perfect, we also have a host of guided shopping tours for those that want a more expert-led option
It’s that time of year again! Yes, it’s already time to start planning your Paris trip to take advantage of the amazing winter sales (or soldes in French) from January 10th to February 20th, 2018. Snag the latest French fashion must-have items, statement accessories, and stylish homewares with steep discounts of up to 70% off the original prices.
Looking to bring home some of the finest French beauty products but don’t want to break the bank? Then you have to visit City Pharma, the only discount parapharmacy in Paris. A parapharmacy is a wonderful hybrid: a regular pharmacy, beauty and homeopathy store, all rolled into one. It’s where French women buy the bulk of their fabulous hair and skin care products | {
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1,209 | Hey folks, I’m back again with another review. Today, we’re building pagodas. See, the Emperor of China is going to grace us with his presence in our providence. So, how else do we honor him than building the most elaborate and beautiful pagoda. The game is Pagoda. It’s a 2 player game by AEG. Alderac Entertainment Group. It plays in about 40 minutes. It mixes 3D building with hand management and tile placement.
The game comes with the rules, 1 game board, 1 start player marker, 2 scoring tiles, 2 builder boards, two sets of 6 wooden player markers, 25 pagoda floor tiles, 55 cards, and 125 wooden pillars. I got the game used, and the cards were sleeved and the components all bagged. I opted to switch it all to little containers. This helped me with ease of set up, ease of clean up, and not having the pillars fall all over the place while playing.
The cards, wooden pillars, and floor tiles come in 5 different colors. Blue, Yellow, Green, Red, and Purple. For the cards, there’s 11 of each color. For the wooden pillars, there’s 25 of each color, and the floor tiles there are 5 in each color. The floor tiles each have four circles in each corner that are colored. This shows you what color pillars are needed to finish that floor. On the other side of the floor tiles are the roof tile. Once a pagoda is tall enough, you’ll finish it with a roof. The roof has one colored circle to represent what pillars are needed to finish the roof. The game board has a scoring track around the edges and in the center it has 6 squares where you’ll be building the pagodas.
To set up, take the game board and put in in the center. Give each player 6 of one color markers and a builder board. Place one of your markers on the left most side of your player board in the squared off spot. The remaining token will go on the player board for keeping track of the score. Sort all the floor tiles by color and set them out. Do the same with the wooden pillars. This is where a container for each comes in handy. Take one card of each color and place it face up in front of each player. This is your open display. Then deal 2 cards face down to each player. A players hand consists of the 5 cards face up and the 2 cards face down (You can look at these, your opponent can’t). And that’s set up.
What your opponent sees.
What you see.
For game play, pick a player to go first. Since this a two player game, and you might be playing this with a significant other, I’d suggest offering first turn to the other player. You’re trying to build pagodas. How do you do that? First, you need 4 of the same color pillars. Then you match that color with the same color floor tile. You get to pick this out when you’re completing a floor. The 4 colored circles on that tile will dictate what color pillars you need to finish that floor. How do you place pillars? Those cards in your hand let you place pillars. You can play up to three pillars on your turn. When playing cards to place pillars, they don’t need to be all on the same pagoda.
Placing floor tiles don’t count towards the maximum number of pillars you can place, but you do need that color card to place a floor tile. So if you managed to get 4 green pillars set up, you would need another green card to play to place a green floor tiles. Floor tiles have to follow the color pillars they sit on, but the player gets to pick what tile from that color. Once you complete a floor tile, you get a special power depending on the color floor you finished. Move the corresponding cube on your player board over two places when you complete a floor. You now have a special power you can use twice. Purple lets you have 4 cards in your hand instead of 2. Yellow lets you discard cards and redraw that many. Green lets you use any two cards to make any one color pillar. Blue lets you use two of the same color card to construct any color floor tile. Red lets you play 4 pillars a turn. Once you use power, you move the cube to the left on that track.
Player Boards to keep track of powers.
To complete a pagoda, you first must be on the 4th floor tile. You flip that one over and then have to play 2 color cards of the center circle to complete it. So that’s one card for the roof tile, then another two cards to complete the roof.
Once the third pagoda is completed, then it’s the end of the game. During each turn you’ll keep track of points. Every pillar, floor tile, and roof you play earns points. Pillars are varied points depending on what floor you play on. Pillars on the ground floor are one point each. Pillars on the second floor are 2 points, pillars on the third floor are 3 points, and pillars on the fourth floor are 4 points. Placing floor tiles gets you 1 point each. Finishing a roof gets you 5 points. At the end of the game, the player with the most points wins.
So there you have it. The player with the most points has made the most beautiful Pagoda for the Emperor. What do I think about the game? It’s one of the only 2 player games I have. I picked it up for something I can play with my wife. Knowing it was made just for two players, I didn’t have to worry about how it scales down. Some games that are 2-5 don’t scale that well to just two players. With that said, I’m glad I got this game. I like the actual building the pagodas during game play. Knowing that the game ends after three pagodas are built, it acts as a tracking for the end game. You can gauge if you’ll get another turn or not. The components are really well done. I like all the wooden bits used. They’re all sturdy and nice the handle. For the game play, I like how your hand is made up of 5 seen cards and 2 hidden cards. This lets you almost count cards while playing. If you notice your opponent has 3 of one color cards, you’ll want to not choose that color as a floor tile. I liked how finishing a floor lets you gain a special ability. Then, you can either use it or save it for later. Overall, I really liked the feel of this game. It’s not too thinky when playing, but it’s a nice game to just pass some time. Set up didn’t take too long since I had all the pillars in separate containers. If I didn’t have this done already, then set up might take a while. I recommend this game to anyone looking for a two player card game with a board. It could have easily been just a card game, but the components take it to the next level.
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Published by emartindalegames
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Categories Board Game Review, Board GamesTags Board Game Review, EATGGames, Pagoda
6 thoughts on “Pagoda Review”
Luke September 5, 2018 — 7:23 pm
Nice theme! That sounds like a good two player game and I know your point about scaling! So many games play well at one player count but not another. Ace article 🙂
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emartindalegames September 5, 2018 — 7:35 pm
Thanks! Yeah, sometimes it’s just easier to play games two players than wait for a full group. Usually my group ranges from just 2, my wife and I, to 8+ when we host game night.
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Luke September 5, 2018 — 7:37 pm
Hmm yeah, it’s difficult finding games for 8+. Do you find yourselves splitting into two smaller groups?
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(Post author)
emartindalegames September 5, 2018 — 7:41 pm
Yeah. We typically split at the beginning, but usually end up playing party style games like Chameleon, Codenames, Deception, and anything else that’s 8 players.
Then at the very end, we usually have 4. It’s often after 11, and people don’t want to learn new games as much during that time.
We usually post an open invitation to anyone that wants to come. I think I want to start hand picking a group every once in a while to play the heavier games instead of the party game.
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Luke September 5, 2018 — 7:46 pm
Yeah, that’s similar to us. We started in 2015 with a core group of four. This became 5, which became 7, which became 10, and now 13. Its great for some games, but we do find ourselves splitting up a lot to play two or three games simultaneously. Our Gloomhaven group however is just the original 4 though which is nice 🙂 | {
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1,210 | If you are planning to book your Viking Grand European Tour 15 day cruise, look no further. This comprehensive guide will give you all the information to have the best cruise possible.
One of the best features of this fifteen day itinerary is that you get both a Danube River Cruise and a Rhine River Cruise, all in one. Viking offers a plethora of European itineraries to choose from, but I am biased and will say this one was fantastic.
There are so many wonderful stops along the rivers and so much history and beauty to see in each port. What is even better is that each day brings something new.
Passau, Germany
As a seasoned ocean cruiser, I did not know what to expect on a river cruise, but I am so glad I got to go on one. There are not many similarities between ocean and river cruises but they all have their special qualities.
I think what I found to be one of the best incentives of the smaller river cruise was that you never got lost among the people. All the staff know who you are, they know what you like and don’t like, if you have allergies, etc. The staff is superior on Viking and they are going to make sure you have the best trip you could ask for.
Cruising The Danube
Viking Grand European Tour: Know Before You Go
Würzburg’s Bishops’ Residenz
deciding on an itinerary – for the Viking Grand European Tour 15 day cruise, we opted to go Budapest to Amsterdam but you can go Amsterdam to Budapest as well. We chose this route specifically because of a desire to have more time in Budapest to explore the city more in depth
choosing a room – I can’t stress enough that having a balcony room is the best way to go. You spend a lot of time on the rivers and you can easily sit on your balcony and watch all the cute towns, castles, and so forth pass you by. Grab a wine and watch the sun go down or a coffee and watch it rise
dining – there is set dining times on board and they rarely change. Since this is a small river cruise, there is one actual restaurant that almost everyone dines at within the same time frame. There is a smaller area up from the restaurant that allows a few people to dine in for dinner, however the menu is the same.
tables are shared during dining and this is an excellent way to meet new people and make new friends on board. You do not have to sit in the same spot everyday and are free to dine around. We sat in every section available to try all the servers during our Viking Grand European Tour
there is a coffee, tea and water bar that usually has baked goods like cookies or muffins available
most of your dining is done onboard unless your excursion is longer and provides a meal or you opt to eat in the ports. I highly recommend trying some of the local food in the ports.
in Budapest – Hungarian goulash
in Vienna – sachertorte, schnitzel and strudel
in Germany – pretzels, sausage, beer, and sauerkraut
in The Netherlands – stroopwafle
after you book log in to “MyVikingJourney” – set up your account so that you can access your itinerary, book excursions, find documents and make sure everything is done prior to boarding, see the ports, add enhancements for your trip, and much more
booking excursions – it is said that excursions fill up before departure, and I did notice that some were full months before. You can book them right in your MyVikingJourney account online, including the free ones, and you will be set to go
cruise information – Viking will send out luggage tags and a book with all your cruise info in it well before the cruise starts. In the book you will find everything you need to know about the ship, port guide with tours, and questions you may have, etc
getting to the dock – if you opt not to explore cities on either end of the trip at your own leisure, you can arrange transportation with Viking to and from the airport in both directions from the beginning and end of your river cruise
since we came into Budapest early, we had to get to the river on our own. In the booklet that Viking sends out before your cruise, it shows where the boat should be. It is in one of three spots on the Danube close to each other. There is a number and email address you can contact if need be
embarkation – getting to the dock was easy and when we arrived we walked onto the ship with our luggage where one of the staff took it to our room. We checked in and made it to our room within minutes. Since there are no scheduled tours the day of, we went back out into Budapest to explore on our own
dress code – casual. Most of your time is out in ports exploring and you want to be comfortable, especially on cobblestone and uneven terrain in older buildings. For dinner you are free to get dressed up but it is not the rule
WiFi – speeds may vary in various areas and ports, but it is available on board and included in your stay
Because I needed to be able to work while I was away, I brought my WiFi hotspot to use while I was out in ports and it worked perfectly.
currency – how much to bring and where to exchange: there is not an ATM on board, and thus you should bring cash with you. I brought $400 Euros and that was plenty. I was able to use my Visa in many of the ports as well for shopping or extra dining
tipping – you can opt to pre-pay your tips online before you sail or Viking will charge you $15 per person, per day on board and it will be charged to your account at the end of your cruise
additionally, we tipped our housekeeper and servers for going above and beyond
pre/post trip travel – I would highly recommend coming in at least one day early to get adjusted to the time difference and do a little exploring before your trip starts on the ship. You can do a couple days in Budapest exploration on your own or in part with the cruise. I came into Budapest early and stayed at the Ritz Carlton, which is a great luxury hotel that is central to a lot that Budapest has to offer.
the pre/post trip destinations are a great way to extend your trip and see more that those cities have to offer.
I did not extend my trip in Amsterdam because I was short on time, but I have also been to the city before. If you get a chance to see the Amsterdam tulips, I highly recommend it. The W Hotel in Amsterdam is also a wonderful luxury property with easy walking access to attractions.
purchase insurance – travel insurance is a necessity to protect you and your trip as you never know what could happen
disembarkation – Viking makes this process as seamless as possible. In your Viking Daily the day before everyone leaves the ship, they have an entire page with each room number on it letting you know what time to have your luggage outside your door and when your ride is leaving (assuming you are using Viking for a post tour or to the airport). Additionally, the last day on board there is a talk about how everything works. It was extremely easy and we had no issues at all.
example: we had arranged to go directly to the airport. Our luggage was due outside our door at 8:30am and our ride was there at 9:30 am. We were take to the airport in Amsterdam and Viking staff on the ground helped with our bags and checking in for our flights.
elevator – there is an elevator on board. The only floor it does not go to is the very top deck
110/220 volt outlets & USB ports in each room – you do not have to pack converters if you do not want to. I packed a power bar because I have so many items that need to be charged and wanted to make sure we had plenty of outlets available
things that are not on board – medical services, a store for toiletries, medications, room service, spa
laundry – this service is available on board and priced very nicely! We did not pack for cold weather and it was cold and rainy a lot of our trip, so we needed to have our warmer wear washed a few times. It was always back same day or within 24 hours
shop on board – there is a small shop in the reception area that sells items like jackets, fleeces, postcards, napkin holders, books, etc
postcards – you can buy stamps from the front desk AND they will mail out your postcards for you
ship layout – the ship has 4 floors for passengers to utilize
first floor is all rooms
second floor is rooms, reception, the store, and the restaurant
third floor is rooms, the lounge, library, coffee and tea stations, Aquavit Terrace
fourth floor is the rooftop and you will find a walking track, shuffleboard, putting green, herb garden, and smoking area
smoking – the fourth floor has a designated smoking area.
when the rooftop closes for a portion of the trip, they bring smoking to the third floor on the balcony
viking daily – each night your housekeeper will leave Viking Daily in your room that includes all the information you will need to know for the next day. You will find information on the port, what time each tour departs, places of interest in case you opt not to take tours, if there are buses provided by Viking into the city center, meal times (a few times it was different), weather, arrival and departure, if there is evening entertainment, a daily nautical term, “on this day” in history section, and so much more
on board amenities:
daily printed newspaper headlines from a variety of countries
WiFi
complimentary water and umbrellas during tours
motion sickness – i rarely felt the boat move unless we were in locks, but even then, it was not anything like an ocean cruise. It would be a small movement or so and then we would carry on. I barely felt the ship move at all when we were cruising down the river
language – all staff and tour guides spoke in English
quietvox for tours – in your stateroom there is a quietvox for each passenger to take on tours. It comes with a left earphone only (bring headphones if you have trouble hearing on your left side) and when you meet with your tour guide they will activate it so that you can hear them on your tours
Viking Grand European Tour: Life on Board
This was one of the most asked questions I received from my viewers. To be honest, you spend about 50% of your time in ports exploring and the other 50% on board eating meals, sleeping, showering, and utilizing free time.
I purposely booked my tours on top of each other to maximize my time in ports. If there were days where i could do a morning and afternoon or even an evening excursion too, I almost always did it. By doing this, I cut some of my time on board down in favor of seeing more of the cities.
However, life on board is just as you would expect. Lots of eating, hanging out with fellow passengers, playing games, watching sunrise and sunsets, relaxing with a cocktail, reading books, watching TV, walking laps on the rooftop – you could really do anything.
I would highly recommend taking it easy on board and enjoying your down time. Its a very nice experience to go out into ports each day and learn about the places you visit and then have a wonderful place to come home to with cooked meals and friendly faces. A lot of people talked about their day and the excursions they went on or self exploration.
Everyone on board was very friendly, staff included. It becomes more of a friend atmosphere because the group is so small and you are together for fifteen days.
Staterooms:
The Viking Baldur offers 95 staterooms over five categories to include: 2 Explorer Suites, 7 Veranda Suites, 39 Veranda Staterooms, 22 French Balcony Staterooms, and 25 Standard Staterooms.
Veranda Stateroom
During our time on board our Viking Grand European Tour, we stayed in a Veranda Stateroom, room 221. Here is what was included in our room:
size was about 205 square feet
full size veranda offering river views and floor to ceiling glass doors
king size bed or option for two twins
reading lights for each side of the bed
2 nightstands with drawers
vanity area with mirror and outlets
additional sitting chair in room
40″ TV programmed with a location map, movies and TV shows
110/220 volt outlets & USB ports
telephone, safe, refrigerator, hair dryer & individual climate control
private bathroom with heated flooring, glass shower and anti-fog mirror
premium Freyja® toiletrie
spacious wardrobe and drawers
twice daily housekeeping
water replaced daily
free WiFi
robes and slippers available upon request
We found our room to be of good size for this adventure through Europe. We opted for the two twin beds and slept pretty well each night. When we arrived, we unpacked our suitcases and they fit easily under our beds as to not take up any of the space in the room. The closet and drawer space was plentiful for our needs and we even had room to spare.
Welcome Gift From Viking
The bathroom was a nice size for a cruise room. Our housekeeper cleaned it twice a day, leaving us fresh towels and toiletries when needed.
Everyone on board our cruise was watching “Downton Abbey.” Viking was kind enough to put the entire series on the TV for everyone to binge watch during their trip. I could overhear conversations about the show throughout the cruise and everyone seemed to love it.
We had the BEST housekeeper! He brought us snacks when we requested them and he was just the sweetest.
Viking Grand European Tour: Dining on Board
Dinner Table
One thing that I really loved about the dining on board this Viking cruise was the consistency in dining times, knowing what to expect and the always changing regional menus.
Available 24/7 are two coffee and tea stations outside of the lounge. You can help yourself to a variety of teas, coffee drinks, flat and sparkling water, and there was usually pastries, cookies or something of that nature in the baskets to snack on. Often, the pastry chef would make baked goods that were local to the region. I remember when we were in Kinderdijk stroopwafles were made and they were the absolute best!
Breakfast was essentially the same everyday. From 6-11 continental breakfast was available on the Aquavit Terrace and a buffet and sit down hot breakfast was available in the dining room from 7-10am. The breakfast menu never changed and included items like french toast, eggs Benedict, pancakes, etc. The buffet always had an omelette and egg station, hot meats, breads and pastries, yogurts, fresh fruits, and so much more.
Yogurt
French Toast
Lunch went from about 1230-2pm each day on board and was a buffet style plus a menu. You could mix and match items from the buffet and the menu.
On the buffet you would find build your own salad items, a new pasta station everyday, fresh fruits, side items and salads, etc. The menu was different each day (with the exception of the cheeseburger and hot dog always being available) and always had items like soup, sandwiches, burgers, etc.
Additionally, you could get dessert everyday at lunch and it was new everyday. Lunch was actually my favorite meal on this Viking Grand European Tour. I loved how creative chef was with the soups and pastas!
Pasta
Salad Bar Toppings
Bread
Dinner started at 7pm almost every single night and went until about 9pm. Everyone pretty much came between 7-730.
At 715 there would be a few tables available in the Aquavit Terrace for dining that had the same menu as the restaurant. Dinner was a sit down meal where one side of the menu never changed and offered items like salmon, chicken and steak. The other side of the menu had a daily regional offering (for wherever we were) and other chef selections.
Appetizer
Pork
Stroopwaffle Dessert
Plum Dessert
Aquavit Terrace
There was one night on board where there was a dinner buffet of German and Austrian food and the entire dining room was set up so fun. Some of the staff was dressed in traditional clothing, tables were set up with pretzels and charcuterie. beer was being passed, and everything was so perfect. Don’t miss this fun event on board.
Things to note about dining:
there is no dress code
tables are shared in 6+ seating arrangements
you do not have to sit at the same table for every meal
meal times are fixed and you can find them each day on the Viking Daily
beer, wine and soft drinks are included in your lunch and dinner. Additionally, if you find a local wine in port that you love, you can bring it with you to a meal and there is no corkage fee
bread and butter is on the table for lunch and dinner each day. Chef mixes it up so you get to try a variety of breads and rolls
Wines at Lunch and Dinner
One thing I don’t want to leave out is how fantastic the servers are. We made a point to sit in every server groups section just to get to know the staff a little bit. By the end of the cruise everyone knew us by name and our preferences for beverages and food at each meal. The staff does a really great job at getting to know you and what you like/don’t like – which is pretty impressive since they turn the boat over twice a month.
On one of the last nights on the ship the chef let everyone take a quick tour of the kitchen so they could see how all the magic happens behind the scenes. I highly recommend stepping in briefly just so you get a feel for it.
Downtime on the Viking Grand European Tour:
While each day brings a great new adventure on this Viking Grand European Tour, you will have downtime each day to relax and get ready for the next day. I would say to approach this trip with excitement for exploration but also appreciation for the slow relaxation. Some days in ports you could be on a tour for just 2 hours and leave, which gives you a lot of time back on board.
One of the many highlights of the Viking Baldur was the rooftop deck. There was a walking deck, shuffleboard, putting green, herb garden, and plenty of seats both covered and uncovered to watch the world go by on the river. I would strongly argue the sunrise and sunset views were the best and should not be missed.
Additional items on board:
library
board games
computer center
seating areas to hang out
lounge with a bar
TV pre-loaded with movies and TV shows
occasional nightly entertainment (music, glass blowing, etc)
Library
Seating Area
I would highly recommend bringing a book or two to give yourself something to do when you are not out exploring. There is a small library but they may not have what you want. Personally, I brought books and card games. I even got some other guests to play cards with us when we were sailing.
During the downtime on board when you are sailing to your next port, you will go through many locks. A lot of them are overnight but you will see some during the day too.
Viking Grand European Tour: Itinerary
On this 15 day Viking Grand European Tour, there are 12 ports of call that the Viking Baldur stops in and offers excursions. On the last day of the itinerary, you can go home, or stay in the city the boat docks in. With this itinerary you are essentially getting two cruises in one as you experience both a Danube River Cruise and a Rhine River Cruise. Viking does offer more than one ship that does this itinerary and it goes both ways. For our itinerary we went Budapest to Amsterdam, but it is also offered Amsterdam to Budapest as well. Below is the itinerary we were on:
Day 1: Embark in Budapest, Hungary – boarding and overnight
Day 2: Budapest, Hungary
Day 3: Vienna, Austria – arrive in the evening
Day 4: Vienna, Austria – full day in port
Day 5: Scenic cruising Wachau Valley AND Melk, Austria
Day 6: Passau, Germany
Day 7: Regensburg, Germany
Day 8: Main-Danube Canal AND Nuremburg, Germany
Day 9: Bamberg, Germany
Day 10: Wurzburg, Germany
Day 11: Wertheim, Germany AND Scenic Cruising: Main River, Spessart
Day 12: Middle Rhine Scenic Cruising AND Koblenz, Germany
Day 13: Cologne, Germany
Day 14: Scenic cruising Waal and Merwede AND Kinderdijk, The Netherlands
Day 15: Disembark in Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Each day when the ship docks in a new city, before you get off the ship there are things you should get at the front desk:
your personal badge – which lets the staff know you are not on the ship. You turn this back in when you get back. This is how they know who they are missing.
a card that gives you a letter and a number (example: 20H) this lets you know what tour you are on. A lot of days there are many tour guides and buses and this helps you to stay with your guide and on the right boat.
maps are often available of the cities at port with highlights that include: popular attractions, post offices, restrooms, taxi, etc.
bottled water is available before you leave each day before your tour.
umbrellas are available each day before your tour.
Danube River Cruise: Ports of Call
Viking Baldur in Port
Many great stops were were on this Danube River cruise portion of the trip. Below are the stops and tours that were available. Please note that some of these may be seasonal and excursion offers may change. I am just putting them out there to give you an idea of what to expect.
Budapest
You will spend the first 2 days in Budapest. On the first day you will be allowed to check in on the ship at 3:00pm local time. There are no excursions offered on the first day but you are free to roam the city as you wish. I recommend booking tickets in advance to see the Hungarian Parliament inside and visiting the most beautiful cafe: New York Palace Cafe.
Parliament at night
Since the boat does not leave on the first night and does leave the second day during the day, for to hours in the evening the boat will leave dock and cruise past Parliament so that you can see it all lit up from the Danube. I found this to be a wonderful first night on the boat.
Hungarian Parliament
On the second day in Budapest it is a full day, so you will see options for morning, afternoon and night. You can book tours during all three slots, just make sure there is no overlap. Here are the tours offered:
Panoramic Budapest (Included tour) – this is a bus and walking tour of the city
Hungarian Horseman – on this tour you will travel to horse country and experience a farm and horsemanship
Dohány Street Synagogue & Jewish Budapest – exploration of Budapest’s Jewish History
Budapest Thermal Bath – this is a must do while in Budapest. The city is famous for its baths. *We did this tour and I HIGHLY recommend it. This is a great way to really relax before the trip gets full ahead.
Grand Market: Taste of Hungary – this tour is an exploration of Budapest’s Grand Market Hall
Budapest Castle Hill City Hike – on this tour you will visit Castle Hill, walk across Chain Bridge, ride the funicular, Royal Palace, Matthias Church, the Fishermen’s Bastion, and finish at Grand Market Hall
Life Behind the Iron Curtain – take a ride in a Trabant and explore the communist past of the city
Thermal Bath Excursion
Vienna
Schönbrunn Palace
You will arrive in Vienna in the late afternoon and stay about a day and a half in the city exploring. I highly recommend a Vienna City tour of sorts – whether you book all or some excursions through Viking, this city should not be missed.
Day one of Vienna excursions:
Mozart & Strauss Concert – visit the Vienna Residence Orchestra for a special concert
Day two of Vienna excursions:
Panoramic Vienna (included tour) – this tour of the city is included with your cruise and you will learn about the Hapsburg dynasty, marvel at the gorgeous architecture and see the Hofburg Palace, Gothic St. Stephen’s Cathedral, and the Vienna State Opera concert hall.
Schönbrunn Palace – On this tour, visit the magnificent home of the Hapsburg Dynasty, built to rival the sprawling Château de Versailles in France.
Imperial Vienna – learn the Waltz, have a glamorous lunch and stroll the grounds at Schönbrunn Palace
Heurigen Dinner – enjoy a Heurigen Dinner and experience this years wine at a local vineyard
Behind the Scenes at the Lipizzaner Stallions – visit this Spanish riding school and see world-famous Lipizzaner stallions!
Frolic to the country side for the Salzburg Sound of Music tour.
**Seasonally there are some great Austrian Christmas markets!
Melk
Melk is a shorter destination visit with only two tours offered on this Viking Grand European tour.
Melk Abbey (included tour) – you will see this masterpiece of Baroque time soaring above the Danube. Spend your excursion exploring this landmark.
The Abbeys of Göttweig & Melk – explore both Abbey’s on this tour. This includes Melk Abbey and Göttweig.
Melk Abbey
Melk Abbey Ceiling
Melk Abbey Library
Melk Abbey Staircase
Passau
Passau
Passau is the first of the beautiful cities in Germany you will explore on this Viking Grand European Tour and is one of Bavaria’s oldest cities. Passau Germany is bursting with color and exploration.
Passau Walking Tour and Organ Concert (included tour) – you will meet your guide for a walk through Passau and your tour ends at St. Stephens Cathedral where you will see an organ concert with Europe’s largest pipe organ.
Salzburg Highlights – if you are interested in the movie “The Sound of Music” then this tour is for you!
Hike The Passau Hills -this is an exploration of the city of three rivers by foot – it is a demanding activity
Bavarian Cruise & Baroque Town of Sharding – you will visit sharding by bus for a walking tour and then board a boat for a cruise on the Inn River with pretzels, cheese and beer. Please note you need to cross a small suspension bridge to get to the boat and there is an unpaved path and stairs to get aboard the boat. We assisted many guests and others were willing to help as well. **Our boat was running late due to locks so our tour guide took us up to the top of the Fortress for the most magnificent views of Passau.
Bavaria by Bike – this is a demanding 2.5 hour bike tour
Passau Flightseeing – soar above Passau in a private chartered plane and see the city and rivers below
Regensburg
Regensburg
Regensburg is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the best preserved medieval towns in Europe.
Regensburg Walking Tour (included) – this is a 1.5 hour walking tour that will show you the Old Stone Bridge, a stroll through the city and learn about the history. **We abandoned the tour about half way through because we saw cuckoo clocks in a window and decided to go shopping.
Munich Highlights – this 8.5 hour tour takes you to the Bavarian Capital
Sausage Making Class – this 4 hour class will teach you to make weisswurst!
Regensburg
Nuremburg
Nuremburg
Nuremburg was one of my favorite stops on the Viking Grand European Tour but also holds a lot of dark history around WWII.
Nuremburg Through History (included tour) – this 4.5 hour tour is both driving and walking. You will see where Nazi rallies were held and the Nuremburg trials. Then you will visit the old city that is still enclosed by its walls (of which you can walk up to)
Surviving the War: Art in Nuremburg – this easy 3 hour tour showcases the underground chambers were art was stored during the war. Additionally you will go to the old town for more exploration.
Nuremburg and World War Two – some of the places you will visit on this tour include: Zeppelin Field, Congress Hall and Courtroom 600 where the Nuremburg Trials took place.
Gingerbread Making Class – learn to make this delicious treat that the locals have been making since the 14th century!
Bamberg
Bamberg
Bamberg was one of the most colorful towns we visited on the Viking Grand European Tour. We took the included walking tour and eventually just walked about 5 miles on our own exploring the city and grabbing sausages for lunch.
Bamberg Walking Tour – this 4.5 tour of the city is a moderate activity with a lot of walking. The medieval city center is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and full of shopping, restaurants and charm. You will have free time to explore on your own.
Dining in Bamberg
Wurzburg
Rothenburg ob der Tauber
This was my favorite port on the Viking Grand European Tour and we opted to take the day tour to Rothenburg ob der Tauber. I cannot recommend this tour enough!! The town is just stunning.
Wurzburg Residenz and Walk (included tour) – this is an included tour of the former residence of the Wurzburg prince-bishop. **Please note, no cameras are allowed in side.
Rothenbur ob der Tauber – toted as “Germany’s most beloved town” this day trip does not disappoint! This is an 8.5 hour tour that includes lunch, a walking tour and plenty of free time for shopping and self exploration
Hike the Wurzburg Hills – this demanding activity leads you to Marienberg Fortress and gives impressive views over the city
Wertheim
Schloss Mespelbrunn – Modern Aristocracy Tour
Wertheim is such a charming city to explore.
Wertheim Walking Tour (included tour) – this 1 hour tour is a great introduction to this charming city
Modern Aristocracy – fairy-tale castles and 21st century royalty. This 8 hour tour gives you privileged access to two German castles, a visit to Miltenburg and the most delicious lunch in Germany! We did this tour on the Viking Grand European Tour and loved it.
Wertheim Castle Hike – this demanding activity is a hike to the top to Wertheim Castle that offers sweeping views of the city below.
Wertheim by Bicycle – this 16 mile bike journey takes you through Tauber Valley from Wertheim to Freudenberg
Rhine River Cruise: Ports of Call
Koblenz
Koblenz
We actually did not take a tour in Koblenz, but instead took the cable car that was right outside the boat up to the Fortress. Riding the cable car up you can see “Germany’s Corner” where two rivers converge. You can see the Rhine River and the Moselle River. Then we walked the city for about an hour and had a small meal in town.
Marksburg Castle (Included Tour) – this is the ONLY castle on the Rhine Valley that was never destroyed! Note that this is a demanding activity as the bus will only take you so far and then you need to walk up the rest
Ehrenbreitstein Fortress – the fortress you can see set up high on the hill across from the boat. On this three hour tour you’ll be able to explore the fortress and see incredible views of the city
Moselle Wine Tasting – on this tour you will explore small villages and see where some of the best Rieslings in the world come from
Cologne
Cologne
Cologne is the very last stop in Germany on this Viking Grand European Tour and it felt least like all the other cities we had been to. I was starting to get used to all the cobblestone and medieval architecture with Christmas shopping galore. But alas, Cologne is a fine city!
If you opt not to take any tours, you can go to the city in your own or the boat had buses taking people in to the old city a few times throughout the afternoon for self exploration and shopping. Additionally the boat was docked in a great spot by the bridge and many just walked across.
You could also get a taxi very easily to or from the boat.
Cologne Walking Tour (Included Tour) – this tour lasts two hours and has a heavy focus on the Gothic cathedral
Bruhl UNESCO Palaces – during this 4 hour tour you will explore 18th Century Residences
note – you can do both the included tour and this tour as they do not overlap
Top Of Cologne – this is a tour I WISH we had time for. You will go to the top of the Cathedral and you can see the city and Rhine River from above
Cologne’s Beer Culture Dinner – you will visit three brew houses and enjoy Kolsch from them all
Kinderdijk
Kinderdijk
Molly and Millie
Kinderdijk
The last and final stop on this Viking Grand European Tour, Kinderdijk, The Netherlands. The city is known for its 19 windmills that are from the 18th century, some of which are still lived in.
This is a very short stop and you do not have to take a tour here if you do not want to. The boat docks directly across from the path where the windmills are. There are a couple souvenir shops on the grounds if you are looking for postcards, trinkets, stroopwafles, etc.
Kinderdijk Windmills (Included Tour) – this walking tour located directly across from where the boat docks, last two hours and explores this UNESCO site
Kinderdijk Windmills and Dutch Cheese Making – on this tour you will visit the windmills and a farm to see how cheese is made
Kinderdijk Windmills by Bicycle – this is the same as the walking tour except you will be on a bike
Kinderdijk by Vintage Barge – hop on board a 125 year old restored cargo vessel and see the windmills from the water. This tour also stops at the oldest windmill on site and you get a tour of the grounds and to go inside
Viking Grand European Tour: Packing Tips
While the rooms are comfortable and offer generous storage space, I would highly suggest not over packing. Pack just enough or for 3/4’s of your trip and plan to have laundry done on board. We brought two big suitcases, a carry on suitcase, and two bags. All of our luggage fit under the bed.
Currently I am traveling with Bespoke luggage from Globe-Trotter. I love the design elements of the Trolley Case and found it easy to pack, carry-on, the style is very luxurious and the suitcase is sturdy. Since the suitcase is hard side, I put all my electronics and all the breakable items I bought on the trip inside to get home. This worked out really well because I was nervous about breaking the glass items, but I knew they would be safe in there.
Here are my top packing tips:
check the weather before you go – our cruise had cold and warm weather, and therefore we needed to pack for both climates
it rained nearly everyday, so bring a rain coat and layers to be safe. We did not expect this, but weather happens. If you end up underprepared like we were, no worries, there is a small store on board with some clothing items and laundry service is very affordable and quick on the return (within 24 hours)
pack all your electronics, medication and a change of clothes in your carry-on in case there is luggage delay for some reason. You will want to have easy access to things you need should your luggage not arrive on time.
get comfortable tennis shoes as there is a lot of walking involved on this Viking Grand European Tour
but also pack 1-2 other pairs of shoes in case something goes wrong with the ones you are wearing and/or like variety
bring a camera to capture all the wonderful memories you are going to make. Believe me when I say, what you are going to see on this trip is magnificent!
bring a first aid kit and any medications you take or may need as there is not any available on board. I brought band-aids, Tylenol, Motrin, antibiotic cream, etc
binoculars for looking at high perched castles along the rivers and birds
bring a book or something to entertain yourself at night or on longer days cruising
Souvenirs to Buy on Your Viking Grand European Tour:
Before I left on this trip I did not plan to buy anything but that quickly changed. When I arrived in Germany I KNEW I had to have a cuckoo clock… and so started the shopping ..
cuckoo clock in Germany
ornaments from Kathe Wohlfahrt (found in some of the Germany ports)
stroopwaffles in Kinderdijk
hummel in Germany
Overall:
I really enjoyed my Viking Grand European Tour and so did my best friend. I think taking a trip like this is the best way to see multiple cities without having the hassle of having to pack, repack, get new hotels, and drive everyday somewhere new.
The overall goal of a cruise is to introduce you to many places and let you decide where you would like to spend more time. For me, I fell in love with Budapest, Vienna, Rothenburg ob de Tauber, Regensburg, Bamberg, Miltenberg, and Nuremburg. I would absolutely LOVE to come during the holidays and to explore their Christmas markets and see more of the stuff I didn’t get to on this trip. Everyone says the Christmas markets are magical.
Because the ship has less than 200 guests on board, you get to know everyone in some way because the Viking Grand European Tour is 15 days long. Whether its by dining with them, being on tours with them or just in passing on the boat. I think this is a fantastic way to get to know people with like minded interests and to make long lasting friendships.
If you are on the fence about booking a Viking River Cruise, I think you should book it. I say try everything once, twice if you like it. I know this will not be my last Viking Cruise.
Wertheim, Germany
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Disclosure: I was a guest of Viking River Cruises, as always, opinions are entirely my own.
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3 Comments
Ryan K Biddulph
May 19, 2019 / 10:18 pm
The rooms look awesome and the meals look even better. Fabulous. If you cruise you may as well do it right. Viking definitely does it right. Fabulous post!
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Ryan Heck
September 14, 2019 / 4:38 pm
Planning on this trip in 2020. Appreciate your post on this trip….helped confirm that this is the one we need to do! Thanks!
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eatlivetraveldrink
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September 14, 2019 / 7:53 pm
Thanks for reading! You are going to have a good time.
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} | 595.9 | 37,194 | https://eatlivetraveldrink.com/2019/05/17/viking-grand-european-tour/?fbclid=IwAR2PfSKeaO-I4Tw3cPg12TRA35eJrxFxNmbgMnoI1ZDeyES_r4GA03G2xuU | eatlivetraveldrink.com | 0 | [] | [] | false | [] |
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About Ling!
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Ling is a Singaporean foodie traveller. She once ate her way across Japan on a 3 months solo trip learn more…
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Ling is a Singaporean foodie traveller. She once ate her way across Japan on a 3 months solo trip learn more…
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1,212 | Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat […]
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1,213 | June 15, 2017 /0 Comments/in For Young Adults, Free Ebooks, Primary Source, World History /by Jim McCabe
A “Gripping Account” —The Wall Street Journal
Florence Harper was the first American female journalist in Petrograd. Sure that trouble was coming, she waited “as I would for a circus parade.” From the women’s bread protests of the heady first days when the mob seemed “good-natured” to the later horror of the “Marseillaise”-singing crowds being mowed down by machine guns, she remained undaunted, repeatedly returning to the streets despite the dangers she courted daily. She searched the morgues so that she could do a story on the victims. ‘‘I did not wait to count the coffins. It was too harrowing,” she reports. She did watch the hated police being thrown off roofs and also ran the gantlet of the mutinous Kronstadt sailors, who she recalls “all looked like cutthroats.” Allied officers at her hotel smashed the contents of its cellars till they were “literally knee deep in everything from champagne to vodka” to prevent the mob from getting at them. The stoicism and sympathy with which she endured it all shine forth from this gripping account.
Helen Rappaport, The Wall Street Journal, January 28, 2017
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https://ebooksforstudents.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Sept_2021_Grade_Level_333pxhigh.jpg 333 223 Jim McCabe https://ebooksforstudents.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Ebooksforstudents-Logo-300x112.png Jim McCabe2017-06-15 17:23:252021-10-06 22:17:06Runaway Russia: An American Woman Reports on the Russian Revolution | {
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1,214 | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) on Wednesday announced its new supercomputer called Kestrel. The new system will be built by Hewlett Packard Enterprise and... | {
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1,215 | UK Free TV shows the coverage area for a radio transmitter as a coloured overlay (orange for FM, other colours for DAB) on the grey map. We have computed the coverage by combining the terrain with the official radiation pattern. A single click will select the transmitter to view the coverage for a single site, and a double click goes to a page showing full details. Click on the buttons in the right-hand corner of the map to choose from different frequencies (or multiplexes for DAB).
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1,217 | Volvo Car's monthly sales fell 30% to 47,223 in September, dented by the global component shortage, the automaker said in a statement.
The company warned in September that sales volumes in the second half of 2021 could fall year-on-year after production cuts due to material shortages.
"The decline was related to a shortage of components. This affected production although it picked up again late in the month," Volvo said in the statement, adding demand for its products remained strong.
European sales at the automaker, which intends to list on the Nasdaq Stockholm stock exchange in 2021, fell 42% while demand in the US dropped 9%.
A global chip shortage over the past year has caused a major delay in manufacturing activity and forced several automakers to scale back output.
Sources told Reuters in September that China's Geely Holding was in advanced discussions with banks to list Volvo in the coming weeks, aiming for a valuation of about $20bn.
Through September, Volvo sales rose 18% to 530,649.
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1,218 | The community names are color-coded as follows (based on how the eclipse will appear from that location):
ANNULAR PARTIAL
We've got lots of information and links for each community on the pages below. And if the city name appears in bold, that means we've received information on eclipse viewing and event plans from officials of that community. This can help you plan all your eclipse-day (and eclipse-weekend) activities! | {
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1,219 | Savannah is a city rich in history and beautiful architecture. Photographers have been capturing views of the city for the tourist trade and for commercial purposes since the beginning of photography. The Savannah College of Art and Design library collection includes images of the city and environs in various forms such as stereographs, postcards, slides, and other formats. Images from several collections are presented here, providing a cross-section of time. The stereographs date from the 1870s, the cabinet cards from the 1880s, publications from the 1890s, postcards from the 1900s, and photographs and slides are more recent. The images have been divided into categories, such as Aerial Views, Churches, Downtown Buildings, Hotels, and Schools, for ease of discovery.
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About MS 016, Savannah Postcard Collection
About MS 016, Savannah Postcard Collection
The postcards in this collection date from 1904-1968, though many are undated. Some have copyright dates and others, if they were mailed, have postmarks. The bulk of the collection dates from between 1905-1915. The subject of the collection is predominantly of Savannah buildings, street scenes, and monuments. Since many of these buildings have been preserved and repurposed, it is interesting to see them in their original form. A number of the buildings depicted are now owned or used by SCAD.
Attached item(s):
1 document
About MS 018, the Savannah Stereoview Collection
About MS 018, the Savannah Stereoview Collection
The collection consists of stereoviews of Savannah buildings, scenes, residences, monuments, cemeteries, and events. These images were by various photographers and date from the 1880’s to the 1930’s, though most are undated. Several are the work of local photographers. The cards themselves consist of two almost identical photographic prints affixed onto cards formatted to fit in a stereo viewer. Also included is a stereo viewer with no label or manufacturers mark, made of wood and metal with glass lenses. It is adjustable and is stamped in the wood: Pat’d Apr. 12 04.
Attached item(s):
1 document
Aerial View -- A View of South Carolina Rice Fields from Savannah GA
Aerial View -- A View of South Carolina Rice Fields from Savannah GA
Black and white stereograph image of Savannah, affixed to a gray card with publication information printed on the front and descriptive information on the city and of rice growing printed on the back. Some of the signage on buildings visible in the image include: Jefferson Medical Institute, Jackson & Goodman Dry Goods, R & G Corsets, and E. F Whitcomb. In the Savannah City Directory for 1899, E. F. Whitcomb was listed as a Merchandise Broker located at 30 West Broughton Street.
Attached item(s):
1 image
Aerial View -- Aerial View of Main Business Section, Savannah Georgia
Aerial View -- Aerial View of Main Business Section, Savannah Georgia
Color postcard of downtown Savannah with no border. Back is divided and postally unused. Caption on back: "Historic and Beautiful Savannah, 'Birthplace of Georgia' is situated on a deep landlocked harbor at the head of ocean navigation on the Savannah River. More cotton is shipped from here than from any other Atlantic port, and it is the leading export city of the world for naval stores. In Christ Church, on the side of John Wesley's Chapel, was held the first Protestant Sunday School in America. Wormsloe Gardens. On the south end of the the Isle of Hope are the most beautiful in the South." The view is of the downtown and the dome of City Hall is visible towards the top right. Bull Street diagonally traverses the the center of the card and ends with Wright Square at the center bottom.
Attached item(s):
1 image
Aerial View -- Bird's Eye view
Aerial View -- Bird's Eye view
Black and white stereograph image of Bay Street, with double image pasted down on an orange card. Back of card is pink with printed publisher information and title information hand written in ink. The view appears to have been taken from the Independent Presbyterian Church, looking north, showing Bull Street and vicinity. The square that is visible is Wright Square and the church is the Lutheran Church of the Ascension, designed by George B. Clarke in 1879. The Greek Revival building next to it was the Chatham County Court House. It was demolished in 1889 and replaced with the current Romanesque Revival Court House designed by William G. Preston. In the background is the Savannah River with the South Carolina rice fields in the distance.
Attached item(s):
1 image
Aerial View -- Bird's Eye view, Bay St. looking up.
Aerial View -- Bird's Eye view, Bay St. looking up.
Black and white stereograph image of Bay Street, with double image pasted down on a pink card. Back of card is orange with printed publisher information and paper title label pasted on. The view appears to be looking west down East Bay Street; telephone poles are in evidence. Signs on the street are partially identifiable. A wool and hide vendor, a tobacco shop, and street vendors are in visible.
Attached item(s):
1 image
Aerial View -- Bull Street Pulaski House to Left. Savannah Ga.
Aerial View -- Bull Street Pulaski House to Left. Savannah Ga.
Black and white stereograph image of Bull Street, with double image affixed to an orange card. Back of card is pink with printed publisher information and title information hand written in ink. This view shows telephone or telegraph wires, so it later than the almost identical panoramic view of Bull Street also by Havens. In the center is the Nathaniel Greene Monument in Johnson Square. A sign for Wm. H. Grady Plain and Ornamental Plasterer appears on a sign near the lower left of the image. S. P. Hamilton, Carpets and Furniture is on a building sign in the distance. The title mentions the Pulaski House on the left, but actually, the Pulaski House is on the right, in front of the square. The hotel was torn down in 1957 to construct a Morrison Cafeteria. Diagonally across the square, with a good view of the front, is the Screven House, which was demolished in 1923 to construct the Manger Hotel. The very tall steeple on the right side of the street is that of the Independent Presbyterian Church. The other steeple to the left of the view is the Lutheran Church of the Ascension, built in 1879.
Attached item(s):
1 image
Aerial View -- Panaramic View Bull St.
Aerial View -- Panaramic View Bull St.
Black and white stereograph image of Bull Street, with double image pasted down on an orange card. Back of card is pink with printed publisher information and title information hand written in ink. Only one building sign is visible and though the name of the business is obscured, Dry Goods 127 is readable. In the center of the card is the Nathaniel Greene monument that stands in Johnson Square.
Attached item(s):
1 image
Aerial View -- Panoramic View Looking East
Aerial View -- Panoramic View Looking East
Black and white stereograph card with double image affixed to orange card. Publication information is printed on pink paper on the back of card and the title is handwritten in ink. It is difficult to tell where this view is looking east from, but there were not very many high points in the city, so it could be from one of the tall church steeples.
Attached item(s):
1 image
Aerial View -- Savannah
Aerial View -- Savannah
Black and white stereograph image of Bay Street, with double image pasted down on an orange card. Back of card is pink with printed publisher information and title information hand written in ink. The view appears to be similar to the Bird's Eye View by J. N. Wilson, which was reportedly taken from the Independent Presbyterian Church, looking north, showing Bull Street and vicinity. The square that is visible is Wright Square, and Bull Street travels north from the square to the old City Exchange Building. In the background is the Savannah River with the South Carolina rice fields in the distance.
Attached item(s):
1 image
Aerial View -- Savannah from Government Building Looking South, Ga. U.S.A.
Aerial View -- Savannah from Government Building Looking South, Ga. U.S.A.
Black and white stereograph image of Savannah, affixed to a gray card with publication and title information printed on the front and the back left blank. In the distant left, the double spires of the Cathedral of St John the Baptist appear. The church on the right towards the front is the Independent Presbyterian Church, located at the corner of Bull Street and Oglethorpe Street.
Attached item(s):
1 image
Aerial View -- Savannah Ga. From City Hall
Aerial View -- Savannah Ga. From City Hall
Color postcard, no border, with view from City Hall looking south at the obelisk on Johnson Square and down Bull Street. Divided back with no caption, postally unused. The tall white building on the right was the Germania Bank, also known as the Blun Building. It was the first of Savannah's tall office buildings. Designed by Hyman W. Witcover and completed around 1904, this building originally was located at Bull and Congress Streets, but was razed in 1975. The building directly behind it was the Liberty Bank and Trust, also designed by Witcover. It was two stories taller than the Blun Building.
Attached item(s):
1 image
Aerial View -- Savannah GA--From the De Soto
Aerial View -- Savannah GA--From the De Soto
Black and white panoramic view looking towards the Savannah River from the Hotel De Soto. The card is folded in half with the left side for message and the right side for address. The card has no publication information or caption on it. The right side is undivided and postmarked May 27, 1907. Just to the right of the center fold is the Independent Presbyterian Church steeple. The building was originally built in 1819, but was destroyed by fire in 1889. The current building, completed in 1891, was a replica of the previous building.
Attached item(s):
1 image
Cemeteries and Parks -- Avenue to Fountains
Cemeteries and Parks -- Avenue to Fountains
Black and white stereograph card of the entrance to Forsyth Park affixed to orange paper. The back on pink paper includes printed publication information and title information handwritten in ink. Forsyth Park was named for former Georgia Governor John Forsyth (1780-1841). William Brown Hodgson developed the idea to set aside ten acres of wooded land to create Savannah's first recreational park in the 1840s. The original landscape design was by William Bischoff. The park and fountain design owe a lot to the urban renewal that was going on in Paris. Over many years, improvements to the park were made such as adding walkways, ornamental plantings, benches, and iron fencing around the perimeter. The fountain and radiating walks were added in 1858. Additional lands were added to the park in 1867, making the total park area about 30 acres.
Attached item(s):
1 image
Cemeteries and Parks -- Barnard Street, Astropark, Savanah Georgia (title from b...
Cemeteries and Parks -- Barnard Street, Astropark, Savanah Georgia (title from back)
Color postcard with no border and divided back. Caption from back: "This bright playground is used by hundreds of children in a low income area of Savannah. It is a product of The Georgia Plan, a community development program started in Savannah by Mills B. Lane, Jr. President of the Citizens and Southern Bank. The park is surfaced with astroturf, a synthetic grass, and is equipped with the latest types of permanent playground equipment." It appears that the cupola of the Barnard Street School is to the left and Chatham Square is just beyond the park.
Attached item(s):
1 image
Cemeteries and Parks -- Bonaventure
Cemeteries and Parks -- Bonaventure
Black and white stereograph of Bonaventure Cemetery with double image affixed to yellow card. Printed publication information is on the front of the card and the title is handwritten in ink on the back, also yellow. Depicted is one of the cemetery paths through moss covered live oaks. Bonaventure Cemetery was established in 1846 when the Bonaventure plantation lands were sold and 70 acres were set aside as a public cemetery. The Evergreen Cemetery Company managed the grounds and cemetery until 1907, when it became property of the City of Savannah.
Attached item(s):
1 image
Cemeteries and Parks -- Bonaventure
Cemeteries and Parks -- Bonaventure
Black and white stereograph card of Bonaventure Cemetery, with double image affixed to orange paper. On the back, publication information in printed on pink paper, with title and number handwritten in ink. The view is of an unknown memorial plot in the cemetery. Located three miles east of downtown on the Wilmington River, Bonaventure Cemetery was established in 1846 when the Bonaventure plantation lands were sold and 70 acres were set aside as a public cemetery. The Evergreen Cemetery Company managed the grounds and cemetery until 1907, when it became property of the City of Savannah.
Attached item(s):
1 image
Cemeteries and Parks -- Confederate Monument
Cemeteries and Parks -- Confederate Monument
Black and white stereograph card of Forsyth Park with double image affixed to orange paper. The back of the card is pink paper with publication information printed and title information handwritten in ink. The Confederate Monument was built with funds raise by the Savannah’s Ladies Memorial Association. They had specific wishes for the statue as to materials, but subject matter was left to the sculptor. When it was unveiled in 1875, it did not meet with a positive response. The top of the memorial had the figure "Silence" at the top. A donor offered to pay to have it remodeled and hired a different sculptor to do the job. The new version, depicted here, included a bronze soldier at the top the monument. When presented again in 1879, it was to much more positive reviews. The sculpture of Silence was moved to Laurel Grove Cemetery to the Gettysburg plot.
Attached item(s):
1 image
Cemeteries and Parks -- Entrance to Park
Cemeteries and Parks -- Entrance to Park
Black and white stereograph card of Sphinxes in Forsyth Park with double image affixed to yellow paper. Back of card has publisher information printed on yellow paper and title information handwritten in ink. These two beautiful Egyptian statues formerly flanked the entrance to Forsyth Park. the statures were blown up by small boys armed with large firecrackers. The sphinxes were about 6 feet long and constructed of a relatively soft metal alloy of zinc, tin and lead. The vandals packed the statues with giant firecrackers and blew them up. This first attempt was only strong enough to break up the statues into large chunks. Charles A. Cox, the owner of a tin and roofing shop was able to restore the statues. But the vandals came back with larger explosives and the already weakened statues did not survive the second assault.
Attached item(s):
1 image
Cemeteries and Parks -- Mercury in Park
Cemeteries and Parks -- Mercury in Park
Black and white stereograph card with image of statue of Mercury and with the double image affixed to orange paper. The back of the card is printed on blue paper and pasted down on pink paper. It contains printed information about the publisher and about Bonaventure Cemetery. The title information is handwritten in ink. Information cannot be found about the statue of Mercury in Forsyth Park, though several images of it exist and most of them also mention that it was in Forsyth Park.
Attached item(s):
1 image
Cemeteries and Parks -- Monument to Tomo Chi-Chi, Savannah Ga.
Cemeteries and Parks -- Monument to Tomo Chi-Chi, Savannah Ga.
Black and white postcard depicting the large granite monument to Tomo Chi-Chi in Wright Square, located at Bull Street and President Street in Savannah, Georgia. There is a border with the title on the right side of the front; the back is undivided and postmarked June 16,1909, with no caption. Tomo Chi-Chi, chief of the Yamacraw Indians, assisted Oglethorpe in establishing a British settlement in Georgia. He was buried in Wright Square in 1739 with a prior marker, but that was moved in in 1883. The present granite monument was placed in 1899 by the Georgia Society of Colonial Dames of America and may be the only memorial for a Native American erected by European descendants in the United States.
Attached item(s):
1 image
Cemeteries and Parks -- Moss Avenue, Bonaventure Cemetery, Savannah Ga.
Cemeteries and Parks -- Moss Avenue, Bonaventure Cemetery, Savannah Ga.
Black and white stereograph card of Bonaventure Cemetery with double image affixed to peach paper. Publisher and title information are printed on front of card, back of card is blank. Depicted is one of the cemetery paths through moss covered live oaks. Bonaventure Cemetery was established in 1846 when the Bonaventure plantation lands were sold and 70 acres were set aside as a public cemetery. The Evergreen Cemetery Company managed the grounds and cemetery until 1907, when it became property of the City of Savannah.
Attached item(s):
1 image
Cemeteries and Parks -- Music Stand, Forsyth Park
Cemeteries and Parks -- Music Stand, Forsyth Park
Black and white stereograph card of Forsyth Park with double image affixed to yellow paper. Title and publication information is printed on front and back is left blank. While it is not known when this image was photographed, it is known that in the early years of the park, there were many tall pine trees that were eventually removed to make a more landscaped park setting. Forsyth Park was named for former Georgia Governor John Forsyth (1780-1841). William Brown Hodgson developed the idea to set aside ten acres of wooded land to create Savannah's first recreational park in the 1840s. The original landscape design was by William Bischoff. The park and fountain design owe a lot to the urban renewal that was going on in Paris. Over many years, improvements to the park were made such as adding walkways, ornamental plantings, benches, and iron fencing around the perimeter. The fountain and radiating walks were added in 1858. Additional lands were added to the park in 1867, making the total park area about 30 acres.
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Cemeteries and Parks -- Park Fountain Playing
Cemeteries and Parks -- Park Fountain Playing
Black and white stereograph card of the Forsyth Park fountain with double image affixed to pink paper backing. The back of card on orange paper has printed publication information and a printed paper label with title and number. The fountain was added to the park in 1858 and is constructed of cast iron. There are similar fountains in Peru and New York. All three fountains are based on the design for the fountain in the Place de la Concorde in Paris. Over the years the fountain suffered damage and was completely restored in 1988. | {
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1,220 | Remember the walkout of students from their Principles of Economics class at Harvard a couple of years ago in solidarity with the ‘Occupy” movement? They thought that the economics they were being taught was doctrinaire, failed to provide a balanced perspective on the real existing economy, and did not show sufficient empathy for the 45 million people living in poverty. No wonder, the economics being taught on blackboards in almost all classrooms makes it appear as though markets descended straight from heaven while maintaining a conspiracy of silence on the Achilles heals of free markets such as not paying sufficient attention to safety, not caring enough about the environment, and being indifferent to the welfare of future generations.
Now John Cassidy reports in the New Yorker that a group of students in 16 countries are pushing back on the arrogance of mainstream economists and are demanding that a more realistic economics be taught with fewer abstractions, less emphasis on mathematical methods of problem solving, and more attention devoted to the plight of the underclass.
In most classrooms free markets become God’s gift to humanity, government is the boogeyman, and taxation is a simple burden on society’s well-being. What nonsense! Taxes are used to finance schools, basic research, and infrastructure and markets go haywire without adequate government backstop as the recent “mother of all financial crisis” so amply demonstrated. But professional economists are immune to such real-world evidence. After all, the models work perfectly well on the blackboard.
But the models are so simplistic that they present a caricature of the real existing economy. Charles Ferguson in his Oscar-winning documentary “Inside Job” demonstrated most vividly the culpability of academic economists. The Federal Reserve in DC has no less than 300 PhD economists working for it, yet they were incapable of seeing the crisis brewing for years. Presumably those who dared to disagree with Greenspan’s ideology that bubbles were nothing to worry about and that markets worked perfectly well without government regulation became outcasts.
That was exactly the way Brooksley Born, who was the single top-ranking government official with sufficient common sense to attempt to regulate derivatives, was bullied until she resigned. And the warnings of economists like Hyman Minsky, who had been warning of the inherent instability of the financial sector, were anathema to people like Ben Bernanke. Ben mentioned him on occasion in uncivil tones which sufficed to banish Minsky from the classrooms and textbooks of this country. Such censorship American style belies the ideal of the university of being open to dissenting viewpoints.
So don’t be surprised that students around the world demand a more colorful palate of perspectives. After all, markets are man-made institutions. So the human element with its emotions and complex psychology should be an integral part of the discipline. These students do not want economics to become a branch of mathematics.
Greenspan’s congressional confession, that he made a mistake and that his ideology was wrong made absolutely no impression on academic economists. They continue to disregard not only Minsky but other major economists who dissent from the mainstream’s depiction of homo oeconomicus, such as John K. Galbraith, Th. Veblen, H. Simon, and–believe it or not–when I took macroeconomics in graduate school from Nobel-prize winning economist Robert Lucas, even the name of J.M. Keynes-arguably the greatest economist of the 20th century–was banned from discussion. So if nonconformists are banned from the classroom how are students going to get a balanced overview to the subject?
This is particularly important for students of Principles of Economics because there are more than a million of them every year and most of them do not take another economics course at all. So all they are exposed to is the mainstream’s view that super rationality reigns in the market inhabited by consumers with sufficient brain power to know every detail of the economy and therefore are not satisfied with anything less than achieving an optimum outcome. They possess perfect understanding of all the nuances in small print and perfect foresight from the beginning to the end of their lives and are not inhibited by the challenges of information overload insofar as information is free, available instantaneously, and a cinch to understand. So the market works perfectly well on the blackboard. What the students are demanding is that it work as well in real life and not only in Fairfax County, VA but also in Harlem, NY.
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1,221 | The political everybody has an opinion not based in fact pundit world is ablaze over a new Romney ad claiming Chrysler is planning on building a plant in China and making Jeeps there. The ad references this Bloomberg article, from October 22nd, which reports Fiat, the majority shareholder in Chrysler, wants to move some production to China.
Fiat SpA (F), majority owner of Chrysler Group LLC, plans to return Jeep output to China and may eventually make all of its models in that country, according to the head of both automakers’ operations in the region.
Fiat is in “very detailed conversations” with its Chinese partner, Guangzhou Automobile Group Co. (2238), about making Jeeps in the world’s largest auto market, said Mike Manley, chief operating officer of Fiat and Chrysler in Asia. Chrysler hasn’t built Jeeps there since before Fiat took control in 2009
Because Romney called out the auto manufacturers offshore outsourcing and used the above Bloomberg article, the Obama campaign went on the attack. In response the Romney campaign went all in and is standing by their ad. No surprise then, the Chrysler CEO came out and said the ad is flat out false. Yet....watch the words closely...
We are working to establish a global enterprise and previously announced our intent to return Jeep production to China, the world’s largest auto market, in order to satisfy local market demand, which would not otherwise be accessible. Chrysler Group is interested in expanding the customer base for our award-winning Jeep vehicles, which can only be done by establishing local production.
Now the thing to notice is the claim Fiat, aka Chrysler must manufacture local to sell in China. Notice how they are not going to export to China from the U.S. That is in part, a direct demand from China in order to obtain access to their markets. Companies are often forced to manufacture in China by their policies. Last December China slapped a 22% tariff on large autos, of which a Jeep would be classified. Now the Obama administration did recently file a WTO complaint against China, but on auto parts, not China's tariffs on autos & trucks. The other thing to notice is the Bloomberg quotes are from Fiat, the parent or controlling shareholder company of Chrysler. Chrysler make do one thing, but in spite of the massive investment in plants, physical advanced manufacturing, the decision to move to China would actually be the majority shareholder, Fiat.
We also have a former Chrysler CEO step into the fray and is all up in it on Romney. He's upset, not because the ad is lying, but because he doesn't want the U.S. government telling corporations that they should hire the citizens of the nation. Isn't that nice, especially considering all of the corporate welfare U.S. taxpayers give to these firms?
Most of us know jobs are tradable and there has been massive job losses in manufacturing, in particular durable goods. The United States has lost millions of jobs and manufacturing to China and yet the Obama administration will not label China a currency manipulator.
While Chrysler is manufacturing in the U.S. and will continue to do so, the real story is those Jeeps manufactured in the United States will be for the U.S. domestic market, not for export to China. This does mean less jobs for Americans, at minimum.
We also know corporations hate for the public to know about their offshore outsourcing activities and plans. Surprise, it's bad public relations and they go to extreme ends to hide even their headcount abroad. Corporations even force the government to sign non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements just to obtain even payroll data. All of this is so corporations do not have to disclose their offshore outsourcing of plants and jobs, even though most are publicly traded companies.
It is no small wonder then, Chrysler would deny this is going to happen. That may even be true, after all Chrysler is heavily invested in plants and production in the U.S. Yet we know, all to well, the history of the U.S. auto industry is to move plants, manufacturing and jobs offshore as is true in many manufacturing sectors. Million dollar facilities have been shuttered, the equipment sold at auction or shipped to, you guessed it, China for a manufacturing facility there.
GM just announced Q3 quarterly earnings and notice the increase in Asia:
GM's international operations unit -- which includes China, South Korea and Australia -- posted an operational profit up 89% to $689 million. The South American unit turned to a profit of $114 million from a loss of $44 million a year ago as GM began rolling out a batch of new products.
U.S. auto companies are frothing at the mouth to get access to 1.4 billion people who potentially want to buy cars and these multinational corporations will trade jobs to do it.
Let's go back in history to the auto bail out. At that time, it was widely announced GM was offshore outsourcing jobs.
People fail to remember, but Bush actually started the auto bail out. We actually were here, strongly in favor of bailing out the auto industry and writing many articles to that effect.
We all know the auto bail out demanded concessions from unions. Chrysler turned around and hired Indian offshore outsourcer TATA in a $120 million contract deal. So, let's get real, Chrysler is offshore outsourcing and bringing in foreign guest workers to displace American ones.
Treasury exited from the Chrysler bail out to the tune of a $1.3 billion dollar loss. As soon as Fiat moved in on Chrysler, the worker squeeze started in earnest. When Chrysler entered bankruptcy, a few unsecured creditors, bond holders made out like bandits on the deal where a host of pension trusts sued due to the 29¢ on the dollar agreement. Today GM and Chrysler pension funds for the UAW are seriously underfunded and often referred to as a hidden time bomb.
What isn't realized is the Obama administration also squeezed on workers for Chrysler, by demanding their decimate their health care promises for retirees. Also what seems to be forgotten is during the auto bail outs, GM was outsourcing like mad and invested in Brazil.
One of the most underreported stories was Delphi Automotive, an auto parts manufacturer, with plants in places like Kokomo, Indiana. Delphi was part of the bail out as some of it was eventually purchased by GM. Hedge fund managers made out like bandits on government money as they shipped most of the Kokomo, Indiana jobs to China and took most of the pensions of salaried workers by dumping underfunded pensions onto the federal PBGC. The PBGC is a kind of a government, our pensions are bankrupt really fund. Now these hedge funds have been attempted to be connected to Romney, but that's ridiculous for Romney's investments, as well as his wife's are and were in a blind trust at that time. A blind trust means one has no involvement or awareness on how those funds in that trust are invested. While we can blame some rogue hedge funds that the trustee, managing the Romney's blind trust, did invest in, how those hedge funds were allowed to hold a managed bankruptcy hostage, for profit, or make billions in a glorified government bailout is another issue that never gets addressed. What we do know is team Obama knew all about these investors and nothing stopped them from raping and pillaging the salaried workers at Delphi. In fact the workers themselves blame the Obama Administration.
On the other hand, Chrysler's government and Obama's stimulus funds did get some automotive manufacturing jobs back in Kokomo, which is the good news generally on the very necessary auto bail out.
The bottom line is we don't know which is worser for the U.S. worker, Obama or Romney. We do know that the U.S. auto industry had to be saved, if it had not been we really would have seen a economic depression. We also know Elliott Management, the hedge fund involved with the Delphi bankruptcy, is a notorious bad boy, squeezing nations by holding their sovereign debt and demanding sweet deals, all to wrangle maximum profit from the vulnerable. On the other hand, we also know Obama has offshore outsourcers in his administration and certain never did anything about NAFTA, as promised in his 2008 campaign or has done anything to stop the mass exodus of jobs to China. Both Obama and Romney are promising more bad trade deals, more foreign guest workers and more offshore outsourcing.
We also suspect Bloomberg's quote from Fiat is probably right. After all, the auto industry has been outsourcing jobs for decades, moving entire manufacturing plants abroad. The job hemorrhage started in earnest with the bad trade agreement NAFTA and the flight of industry to Mexico. The decimation of Flint, Michigan was the subject of Michael Moore's documentary, Roger & Me. We don't see why this time would be different from all of the other times where the auto industry is bailed out and says thank you by layoffs and moving jobs abroad. After all, no matter which party is in the White House or controls Congress, nothing stops our Benedict Arnold corporate culture.
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I did read the Bloomberg
Submitted by Anonymous Drive-by (not verified) on November 1, 2012 - 4:37pm
I did read the Bloomberg article you reference in this. It says the manufacturing in China is additional, not replacing manufacturing in the US ...
pretty crappy reporting on your part
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you clearly did not read our article
Submitted by Robert Oak on November 1, 2012 - 6:52pm
First, we pulled the direct quote out of Bloomberg for a reason. There you can see the direct quote.
An addition quote from the original Bloomberg article is this:
should we be localizing the entire Jeep portfolio or some of the Jeep portfolio
That means, Fiat is talking about moving the entire Jeep manufacturing line to China, that is what they are considering doing. Localizing the entire Jeep portfolio is the key quote. It's highly doubtful they would have two complete duplicate production lines of exactly the same model, in two separate countries. That's not what they do, they globally source. Thinking they would have duplicate production lines does not make sense from a manufacturing efficiency standpoint.
Also, notice our point on Chinese tariffs against U.S. autos as well as how the Obama administration is M.I.A. on China and trade and instead Romney is the one talking about the massive drain China is on the U.S. economy and jobs.
We know Bloomberg's reporting is solid and they talked to the source for these quotes. We also know offshore outsourcing is loved by Wall Street and it's only public relations, marketing groups who say "shut up", "hush hush". If you don't believe that, believe this. GM by 2001 or so had moved the entire Chevy S-10 truck production to Mexico. They really do move entire production lines offshore, that is the auto industry's history.
Second, we've been tracking on the auto industry for a long time and this site heavily focuses in on outsourcing, multinational corporations. You clearly did not read the rest of the article details, showing, at the time of the bail outs, these companies were offshore outsourcing jobs.
Delphi, Kokomo, Indiana was decimated.
That's the problem with politics and why this site, not only is focused on economics, facts, statistics and data, but is also non-partisan.
The real issue for partisan people such as yourself, all up in it about which way the election goes, is why is Romney running an ad on offshore outsourcing and loss of U.S. manufacturing to China? That should be a Democratic major issue and since when has Romney set forth a detailed manufacturing plan to make sure goods are manufactured in the U.S. beyond confronting China on their currency manipulation?
In other words, we have a situation here where the messaging is almost turned and the GOP are now championing an issue that should be a Democratic one and we know Obama hasn't done hardly anything about China, the trade deficit and the loss of manufacturing to China.
We also know in the 2008 primaries, Obama, to capture the Midwest, put out a bunch of lies against Hillary Clinton on NAFTA, implying he would rewrite NAFTA upwards. They clearly had no intention of doing so, and since he has been President, has not. In fact he signed and championed every more trade agreements based on the NAFTA model which are now of course increasing our trade deficit.
Don't believe that, see our post from 2008 comparing Obama and Hillary on trade policy.
Sorry, but one needs to look at the facts here, not be a cheerleader for politicians whose actual policies positions are against the national interest and the middle class interests.
This site isn't endorsing any party or candidate and the reason for that is we are policy specific and issue specific. The spin out there is so furious, we do author articles with actual facts on some of these topics when the spin becomes a B.S. maelstrom.
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Check out this shady sh*t...
Submitted by Salunga on November 2, 2012 - 11:02am
.
Blackout imposed as W Bush speaks at Cayman Islands investor conference.
.
Repugs have no discernible conscience, loyalty or even a soul. They worship greed. Dems are corporate shills too. That said its not their religion. Only Romney makes more bad trade deals a centerpiece of his campaign. More taxcuts more trade deals good god how much more can we take. The Republicans need to be euthanized before they start biting more of the neighbors.
So there are your choices. For the record I always go with no religion I agree with Jefferson whether it be about politics or eternal salvation.
"I never submitted the whole system of my opinions to the creed of any party of men whatever in religion, in philosophy, in politics, or in anything else where I was capable of thinking for myself. Such an addiction is the last degradation of a free and moral agent."
-Thomas Jefferson, letter to Francis Hopkinson, March 13, 1789
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Cayman Islands says it all
Submitted by Robert Oak on November 2, 2012 - 2:15pm
Isn't it nice for the super rich to have a conference in their favorite tax haven tropical paradise and to get a former President of the United States to speak at their conference about how to hid your money from taxes from the prying eyes of governments?
Lest we forget, President Obama signed the Panama trade agreement, which strengthened tax havens and made it harder for U.S. to even track them. That's a sitting president signing a glorified tax haven deal.
Honestly, thinking in terms of Republican or Democrat when it comes to letting the super-rich and MNCs steal and suck the money out of the people is a mistake. They both are all in.
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Ethic's Charge
Submitted by LillithMc on November 2, 2012 - 1:07pm
"Mitt Romney and his partners made a killing on the GM bankruptcy by gaining control of bankrupt parts supplier Delphi, then threatening to withhold components critical to the production of GM vehicles... This is the real Romney" - UAW President Bob King
USA TODAY Wednesday article on the filing of an ethics complaint by the United Auto Workers against Romney and Bain.
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Romney, Bain was not involved in the GM Bankruptcy
Submitted by Robert Oak on November 2, 2012 - 1:56pm
Greg Palast wrote an inaccurate piece and why I wrote this. God love him, but he sure did pull off a boner here.
You'll see above that I link to it and why I wrote this piece, it's simply wrong and thus a political hit piece.
I just went through this for a reason, Romney simply wasn't involved and this is piss poor "Journalism" (hit piece) or comments, claims being spread by social media, by trying to claim Romney's blind trust, which frankly there is no way Romney or his family is so stupid as to try to direct an investment in a blind trust, anyway, that trustee invested in Elliot Management, a hedge fund.
It is that hedge fund, who is currently holding Argentina hostage over some bad sovereign debt, who made out like a bandit.
I make this clear in this post and why I wrote it. We have fictional hit pieces, pick a candidate flying around and this is a big one.
(What was that about Elizabeth Warren having Indian ancestry? )
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Claims
Submitted by LillithMc on November 2, 2012 - 2:18pm
My understanding of the claims not only with Delphi but also Sensata (who moves jobs to China Tuesday) are that Romney does profit from his investment in Bain. He may not be managing the company, but he owns stock that pays dividends. The articles are far beyond Greg Palast. Sensata closed their doors when Ed Schultz arrived with a tv crew last Friday. The estimate of the Romney profit from Sensata is $8 million quoted in at least a dozen articles that I admit are "liberal" blogs. Romney's pattern with Bain was clear. Matt Taibbi did a detailed article in Rolling Stone about how Bain, with the cooperation of Goldman Sachs, had unlimited funding to "leverage" their small investments in companies until they were only good for bankruptcy after taking massive fees. Combine this pattern repeated many times by other similar companies and CEO's massive pay. It is real money. The interview of Ed Schultz with the President of UAW is available on-line at MSNBC.
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Romney not part of Bain since 2002
Submitted by Robert Oak on November 2, 2012 - 2:55pm
He was severed "retired" by 2002. Hey, there is no doubt Romney was a founding partner at Bain and leveraged buyouts, dismantling companies, selling off assets and all of that was what they did, it's more surprising that they bootstrapped some companies and kept them alive.
The evil doings of Sensata are simply not Romney's doings, although it if was 1998, we could certainly say they were, but it's not.
This is a great story of how private "equity", hedge funds and "investor groups" gain controlling interests, buy up junk bonds, debt in bankruptcy and so on and then stick it to the people.
What do people think the European crisis is all about? Paying back the "investors", holders of sovereign debt.
But this site, we simply do not do political hit pieces, it has to be accurate, factual and trying to tie Romney to what's happening now when he left Bain a decade ago isn't right.
We also have companies closed, the jobs sent to China, every single day, we have 2.7 million direct manufacturing jobs lost to China.
So, it's not just Bain in this game, try Microsoft, Cisco, Oracle to India, manufacturing to China and the list goes on and on.
Even little red wagon went to China and Levi's went to Mexico.
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blind trust + rant
Submitted by Robert Oak on November 2, 2012 - 3:08pm
The money is in a blind trust. This guy had political ambitions and there is no way he's going to direct a blind trust, that's illegal.
About the only thing one can say about the blind trust is who he set it up with and the trustee. In other words, the choice of manager, who runs it, well, he's not exactly Mr. moral investor.
The real question here is why isn't team Obama doing something about China, offshore outsourcing, LBOs, private equity, tax havens, hedge funds?
There are six ways to Sunday to stop these practices and team Obama hasn't done jack shit. In fact he signed more trade agreements to enable even more offshore outsourcing and imports and ....tax havens...
Good God, it's a cold day in hell to see a Republican railing on China while the Democrats do nothing. There ya have it!
Retraining? Are you kidding me? We have millions, literally millions with the skills already plus we have returning Vets who also have intense skills, all through their military training and those skills are being completely ignored, discounted by employers.
If Democrats wanted to do something they would force "private equity" into getting their 15% tax rate by hiring U.S. citizens, not distributed profits from "investments".
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Good rant
Submitted by LillithMc on November 2, 2012 - 11:46pm
Your dedication to the lousy job situation is clear and appreciated.
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rants r us
Submitted by Robert Oak on November 3, 2012 - 1:31am
We have two candidate selling us snake oil on what it's going to take to really turn this economy around in terms of their "solutions". They describe the problems, yet their solutions aren't gonna cut it and most of them will make things worse.
I'm actually a huge believer in VCs, angel investors, start-ups, new business, but know they simply have to tie all of those potential riches for these types to take the risk, to U.S. citizens, to the workers. Right now, the riches to be had are so often by screwing the workers. I'd say the most consistent thing since 1980 has been labor arbitrage, endorsed, enabled by both parties with a lone few trying to fight the good fight.
I should write up a piece about Elizabeth Warren's accomplishments for the middle class, she's a stand out in this year's candidates.
Bob Kerry is getting crucified in NE for Senate, which is sad and surprising. He's super smart and has a wicked sense of humor to boot. Looks like that state went so red if they ran Jesus as a Democrat he'd lose.
Generally it's like we get 1 here, 1 there in terms of real representation and the rest of this "industry" is simply torturing the American people with ad carpet bombs, showing up at their door and never really presenting plans that actually solve the job and economic hemorrhage out of the nation.
The mantra seems to be "repeat the lie and they will believe it as truth" as our theme for the last 20 years.
Just glad folks are here reading, writing their insights, opinions.
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The people with massive skills scare the crap out of HR/bosses
Submitted by Kurtz on November 3, 2012 - 12:15am
Other people have noted this and I've come to the same conclusion. In America (and other countries too), if you have incredible skills, unique backgrounds, etc., then you are a risk to simpleminded folks or those who are truly insecure despite their endless talk otherwise. Vets, contractors from overseas, people that built companies from the ground up or worked in many fields and learned lots of info. and realities about the world are absolutely seen as a threat to managers, HR, CEOs, etc. Of course people have gaps in their resume if they sought more learning opportunities, traveled for jobs, took care of sick relatives, etc. And that's punished. An insecure boss that got his beginning, promotions, and rise to the top through family connections or buddies protecting each other and that never led teams through thick-and-thin, lived in many countries and had to talk to people as equals, not subordinates, will be scared of someone that has, and often at much younger ages and without all the corporate and bureaucratic BS (same with govt. jobs, not just corporations). He sees people that can do those things as a threat. Or an honest person involved in fighting terrorist financing actually getting hired by a bank like HSBC or Well Fargo or Standard Chartered to fight terror financing? Even if some people come from the US Attorney or DOJ or Treasury, if they really cared, wouldn't/shouldn't they quit as soon as they saw their corporation was engaged in such practices? Even if the corrupt or incompetent CEO or boss doesn't see them as a threat to his position, or his friends' positions, he knows by allowing them into the organization at all the skilled/qualified person's background and achievements will be there, every day, in stark contrast to his own. And what can be said when someone that ruins companies and got his job through backstabbing or nepotism is compared to someone that is at a much lower position and has accomplished so much more (without the big ego and big paychecks)? Can you imagine a CEO like Dimon or Blankfein being humble and busting ass out in the field facing life-and-death? On the other hand, could you see the opposite and see someone that accomplished great things for low-pay or what used to be middle class pay and could accomplish so much more at 1/100th the pay current CEO's demand? Of course they could.
But HR puppets, their software, etc. purposely prevent the "poison" that shows them for what they are from ever getting hired. Thus, the best and brightest are purposely locked out, ignored, and viewed as a threat while they are libeled and slandered as those "without the necessary skills." In one sense, sure, many of the unemployed don't have the skills of backstabbing, lying on their resumes, demanding others be fired so that they receive more in compensation, selling out their country for a quick quarterly profit at the expense of our Nation's security and fellow Americans' safety and security and welfare. So in a sense, yes, there is a skills gap. And what skills most banksters and politicians and CEOs and HR reward nowadays are anathema to honest, good Americans.
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did your power just come on?
Submitted by Robert Oak on November 3, 2012 - 1:09am
The site regulars and traffic have died down, now back up and I know a huge percentage of our readers are in the DC area as well as NYC area.
I think there are many, many in work world who are extremely intimidated by smart, skilled people, esp. those of the female gender. I think people who are not easily intimidated also scare them.
You're not imagining things, work has become such a "survivor" game people stress and are threatened over terror they will lose their own careers.
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Took time off - watching Sandy news
Submitted by Kurtz on November 3, 2012 - 1:25am
Sandy's both cut off power to millions, but also many people unaffected are simply watching the news or not visiting blogs unrelated to the storm and its aftermath.
Completely off article and thread, but GOP "no big govt." favorite Chris Christie imposed government control of private fuel distribution by imposing rationing via license plate numbers in face of massive fuel shortages. I guess when it really counts and national emergencies hit Americans, elected officials actually do have to make governmental decisions to save and protect lives and property and earn their on-the-record salaries. I agree with the decision, but I can't stand the ridiculous "all govt. sucks, Grover Norquist rules" crap that is useless in a world that actually exists with real people, lives, problems, and solutions. Yeah, govt. sucks, until Grover's car is dented in a car accident or someone steals his wallet filled with corporate donations and then he can't call the public-provided, public servant police soon enough. Or should people look to Grover's doughy ass to look out for us instead of our neighbors, the government, and other people in a commmunity, not just selfish pigs.
/end of off-topic comment
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"no big gov" is just a cheer like "go tigers" or "Nascar"
Submitted by Robert Oak on November 3, 2012 - 1:39am
Right, you notice Bush had no problems expanding government plus giving the Banks trillions through TARP, indirect bail out Federal reserve.
At least they punt and show their political rancor is just that. What horror it would be if one of these people bought into their own B.S. and didn't do what was needed to be done.
I actually thought they were hyping Sandy until maybe 10 hours after it hit and when they said "under water" for Atlantic City plus Staten Island ...
I can see Bloomberg's attitude towards poor people in the NYC response, so much for liberals when the shit storm happens huh?
Anyway, I see the server statistics and it was like a big brown out from the entire Eastern seaboard and now they are showing back up, some.
Grover Norquist needs to be tarred, feathered and run out of town on a rail. Who/what is behind that guy for him to obtain so much power?
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The real question to ask on Romney & the Auto Bail Out
Submitted by Robert Oak on November 3, 2012 - 4:05pm
Isn't trying to tie the actions of the trustee, what he invested in and those organizations evil doings (Elliot Management), but how and why hedge funds were allowed to buy junk bonds and gain access to government funds in a managed bankruptcy in the first place?
These companies already had some government funds and the government directed these bankruptcies, so how was this allowed to even happen?
I just re-read Romney's notorious op-ed in the New York Times calling for the auto industry to go bankrupt. The thing is, what he called for, actually happened. Executive management was replaced, the corporate jet was ridiculed, the UAW made major wage, health and retirement benefit concessions and GM, Chrysler, Delphi went into a managed bankruptcy, Ch. 11, in 2005.
In 2011 GM sold part of what they bought from from Delphi to...drum roll please, China, but due to a massive "tax credit" from the state of Michigan, jobs were not offshore outsourced...yet and there are contracts in place.
Delphi's bankruptcy enabled these hedge funds to buy their junk bonds....so how and why did the U.S. Treasury give Delphi TARP funds which is what turned the profits for these hedge funds?
How can the government give U.S. taxpayer funds to a company and not discharge those junk bonds in full?
We know hedge funds are evil and buying up junk bonds, distressed debt is making people super rich by bottom feeding.
That's the real question to be asking here is how and why these hedge funds are allowed to profit in the first place.
The UAW and others are really trying to carpet bomb Romney on this one, claiming the investment in Singer, through a blind trust, was a "donor buy in" for his election campaign. I really don't believe Romney is that dumb frankly.
What is perking up my interest is understanding precisely how these private equity, investor groups were allowed to buy anything when the government had stepped in already.
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My impression
Submitted by LillithMc on November 4, 2012 - 4:43pm
My impression from the interview on Ed Schultz with the President of the UAW was similar to your concern. The attraction of the hedge funds to Delphi was the money put in by the government. The only way Delphi could raise the price of the parts in a hostage move was to get some of those government funds. That should be the question. Also, as Obama said in one debate, there were no private funds for the GM save in contrast to Romney's assertion that the bankruptcy court would have done the same as Obama. This is a case study that should be larger than the election. First we hope Congress will adjust the tax laws to prevent profit from sending jobs overseas, but the entire system robbing the US of jobs is worth an educated study and do it quickly. We have a generation with a future off-shore as ex-pats.
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exactly Obama vs. Romeny vs. bail out
Submitted by Robert Oak on November 4, 2012 - 6:07pm
Hedge funds did get 33¢ on the dollar, per-negotiated and then 29¢ on the dollar as a deal, but these are junk bonds, so what they bought in at is another question. Hedge funds did make out in the GM bankruptcy.
"Price of parts", I'm not sure what you mean. Most of those "parts" are now coming in as Chinese imports as Delphi was pretty much shipped off to China.
GM bought some of the Delphi and with government funds. But Delphi entered bankruptcy in 2005, long before the auto bail out. Hedge funds already owned the Delphi bonds for they moved in during 2005.
So, the question is why....did GM purchase some of Delphi as part of the bail out and why then, were hedge funds allowed to make top dollar off of government funds?
To me, there should have been 6 ways to Sunday to get around the hedge funds owning Delphi bonds, yet still build up the auto parts manufacturing GM was after...
I'm still digging around. But the real point of this is, while the UAW and Schultz are spinning this story to pimp for Obama for election 2012...not so fast...
It was team Obama who was involved in the auto bailout, therefore team Obama are the ones who allowed these hedge funds to make out like bandits.
Team Romney wasn't involved.
I don't know for sure if the bankruptcy court through a chapter 11 could have done the same thing, these deals are mega complex, but I do know that private equity swooping up and buying distressed debt and then stickin' it to those companies is vulture capitalism and should be stopped, made illegal in some way.
I don't think in a managed bankruptcy, one "must" have private funds to come out of it. I don't know what that has to do with a Ch. 11 managed bankruptcy (unlike a liquidation). We basically got a managed bankruptcy, so it could be Romney's assertion is true, bottom line large corporate managed bankruptcies are so complex, we're sure not going to answer this one in a comment!
Gez UAW, you took $14/hr for manufacturing work, are you kidding me? Cerberus Capital Management broke even as I understand it from their private equity investment in Chrysler btw, unlike the UAW workers and never mind the salaried ones.
I don't get this spin bogus stuff beyond trying to sway the election. We know, as we wrote at the time, if they didn't save the U.S. auto industry we were going into a depression and I believe there were something like 3 million additional jobs on the line, indirectly.
That said, team Obama did they do this optimally? That's really questionable. Would a managed ch. 11 have been better? Well, shipping pensions to that bankruptcy group is the kiss of death, so right there is a disaster for workers in a Ch. 11 bankruptcy.
I'm going to write up a series of articles some people who have been here, writing about auto bail outs, the financial crisis, trade since 2008 are now writing for people to read. The election narrative is seemingly wiping out history and it's on maximum high noise at the moment. I'd hate to live in Ohio!
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private equity firms
Submitted by Robert Oak on November 4, 2012 - 9:48pm
The New Yorker has a pretty good article on private equity firms and makes reference to this practice of dumping pensions onto the PBGC. Robbing pensions by hedge funds is seemingly the one save by team Obama, not clearly "not quite"...to me bottom line this should be made illegal and pension obligations shouldn't be allowed to declare bankruptcy on, plus executive officers should face criminal charges by not fully funding pensions.
As a result, private-equity firms are increasingly able to profit even if the companies they run go under—an outcome made much likelier by all the extra borrowing—and many companies have been getting picked clean. In 2004, for instance, Wasserstein & Company bought the thriving mail-order fruit retailer Harry and David. The following year, Wasserstein and other investors took out more than a hundred million in dividends, paid for with borrowed money—covering their original investment plus a twenty-three per cent profit—and charged Harry and David millions in “management fees.” Last year, Harry and David defaulted on its debt and dumped its pension obligations. In other words, Wasserstein failed to improve the company’s performance, failed to meet its obligations to creditors, screwed its workers, and still made a profit. That’s not exactly how capitalism is supposed to work.
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auto bail out and the election
Submitted by Robert Oak on November 7, 2012 - 3:25am
The auto bail out was really spun heavily by various groups, and the campaign. The thing which is amazing is how GM and Chrysler went through a managed bankruptcy, which is what Romney advocated for.
It was pre-negotiated, the government stepped in which is also similar to what Romney was talking about.
When Romney wrote his piece, GM & Chrysler were going to Congress asking for a bail out. It doesn't seem to be realized Obama declined a bail out and this is how GM entered Ch. 11 bankruptcy, as which point the government gave loans, warranties and negotiated restructuring terms in part.
So, Romney made a huge mistake in not explaining his own position, although I wonder if Romney had been involved in these Ch. 11 bankruptcies if any pensions would have been saved...
So, it's really a matter of the negotiated terms, not letting Detroit go bankrupt for Obama also let Detroit go bankrupt in order to do a managed restructuring with government loans, guarantees.
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auto bail out aftermath my prediction
Submitted by Robert Oak on November 7, 2012 - 2:01pm
We tried to show there was spin going on over the auto bail out. I think we all need to remember this and watch the U.S. auto industry. I personally do not think Chrysler will shut down Jeep manufacturing in the U.S. yet...as in at least during Obama's term.
My prediction is Chrysler will not expand in the U.S. and bits, pieces will be offshored of the manufacturing chain. This is all predicated on tax savings by globally sourcing and China's auto related tariffs, indigenous innovation policies are not challenged by the U.S.
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You have Got to Watch this video on GM & China
Submitted by Robert Oak on November 24, 2012 - 6:24pm
Found this through Economy in Crisis.
I checked some of the facts for my details are before the bail out and this is after. So far, all correctly cited, although the "socialist" red China is kind of crap, they aren't at all European socialism such as Canada, Norway, Sweden and so on, so that spin gives European/Canadian socialism a bad name.
Anyway, the unions really went to town on Romney when the fact is here is GM talking about offshore outsourcing advanced R&D to China, something they were doing before the bail out and that's huge U.S. jobs, never mind the factory expansion is in China, instead of demanding China reduce their auto & truck tariffs so U.S. workers can export to China and keep the jobs here.
This video was made in May but I just saw it now. More validation on the auto industries business model to labor arbitrage, offshore outsource jobs and move jobs to China on promise for access to their consumer market.
Yes, we all know Romney is private equity and so on, but blasting that campaign for this particular ad was a real hit piece.
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1,222 | Please help save babies from abortion today by donating to, and praying and fasting for The Good Counsel Network.
Top Post
My most popular post to date, with over 14,000 readers, in part due to reprints on other blogs is Catholics Don't Take The Pill or The Tablet
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Ecumenical Diablogger
Stuart. Convert. This blog is just my personal ramblings. If I ever learn to type I will write my autobiography and put up more frequent blog posts.
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Meat eaters evangelize better that vegetarians
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Say the GK Chesterton Prayer to close an abortion ...
Happy Feast of GK Chesterton?
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Welcome to the Democratic Socialist Republic of Ea...
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Yes Cymru's Independence In Your Pocket, I cut min...
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Urgent Holiday Warning
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95th Anniversary of England’s Largest Earthquake
Taffy by GK Chesterton
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Friday, 8 December 2017
Meat eaters evangelize better that vegetarians
So having gone into a cafe on a Friday and explained, 'No, I won't have the English Breakfast today as it's Friday' Asked explain, I told the whole cafe about the Crucifixion etc.
Today I get to explain that I will have meat this Friday and get to explain The Immaculate Conception. Then a vegetarian goes into a cafe and says "Veggie Breakfast as usual please"
Posted by Ecumenical Diablogger at 11:28 am 0 comments
Labels: Veggies
Monday, 20 November 2017
Say the GK Chesterton Prayer to close an abortion centre
Please start saying the GK Chesterton Prayer each day until Christmas Day, asking him to intercede with God to close down one or more of the five abortion centres in Ealing, Twickenham, Whitfield Street, Edgbaston or Cardiff, by the end of 2017. Feel free to add any local centres to your prayer.
You will find the prayer below or you can print a copy off in a number of languages here;
http://www.catholicgkchestertonsociety.co.uk/Printable-Prayercards.html
In September 2012 we asked Chestertonians to support 40 Days for Life by praying the Chesterton prayer each day, asking that an abortion centre in England would close down. http://ecumenicaldiablog.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/gk-chesterton-supports-40-days-for-life.html
The abortion centre in Bedford Square London has since closed down.
God Our Father, Thou didst fill the life of
Thy servant Gilbert Keith Chesterton with a
sense of wonder and joy, and gave him a faith
which was the foundation of his ceaseless
work, a charity towards all men, particularly
his opponents, and a hope which sprang from
his lifelong gratitude for the gift of human
life. May his innocence and his laughter, his
constancy in fighting for the Christian faith in
a world losing belief, his lifelong devotion to
the Blessed Virgin Mary and his love for all
men, especially for the poor, bring
cheerfulness to those in despair, conviction
and warmth to lukewarm believers and the
knowledge of God to those without faith. We
beg Thee to grant the favours we ask through
his intercession, the end of abortion in this
Country [and especially for one or more of the five abortion centres in Ealing, Twickenham, Whitfield Street, Edgbaston or Cardiff to by the end of 2017 so that his holiness may be recognized by all and the
Church may proclaim him Blessed. We ask
this through Christ Our Lord. Amen
Photograph of Shawn Carney of 40 Days for Life with the leaflet for this year's GK Chesterton Pilgrimage
Posted by Ecumenical Diablogger at 5:54 pm 0 comments
Labels: 40 Days for Life, Abortion Centres, Cardiff, Catholic, Ealing, Edgbaston, GK Chesterton, Good Counsel Network, Prayer, Pro-Life, Twickenham, Whitfield Street
Wednesday, 1 November 2017
Happy Feast of GK Chesterton?
Today we celebrate the Feast of All Saints. So if GKC is in Heaven, today is his Feast Day, until he is Canonised when the Church may move his Feast. Or will they? Today is the 81st Anniversary of the Conversion of his Wife Frances, if she is Canonised with him maybe today will be their joint Feast Day.
So, say the Chesterton Prayer today and print a few copies off for friends. Buy 'The Women Who Was Chesterton' by Nancy Carpenter-Brown and do pick up a copy of the Catholic Truth Society 150th Birthday reprint No 1 'Where All Roads Lead' by GKC. Do share this.
Posted by Ecumenical Diablogger at 3:47 pm 0 comments
Labels: All Saints, Catholic Truth Society, CTS, Frances Chesterton, GK Chesterton, Saint Chesterton
Wednesday, 11 October 2017
Welcome to the Democratic Socialist Republic of Ealing
Welcome to the Democratic Socialist Republic of Ealing. Socialists sign Petition, Socialists Present their Petition, Socialist Councillors then vote for the Socialist motion to support the Socialist petition. But it's Democratic because the public can watch!
And the BBC (Broadcasters of Bolshevism & Communism) told the plebs that the Comrades (Councillors) would debate both sides. And ten Councillors (Comrades) congratulated everyone for speaking in favour of the motion and thus having had a great debate.
Please support The Good Counsel Network by attending their peaceful Pro-Life prayer vigils and donate to help Mothers who choose to continue their pregnancies in the face of opposition.
Posted by Ecumenical Diablogger at 8:42 am 0 comments
Labels: BBC, Bishop, Catholic, Catholic Taliban, Down Syndrome, Ealing, GK Chesterton Pilgrimage, Good Counsel Network, Henry V, Hobbits, marie stopes, Pro-Abortion, Pro-Life, Socialist, St Michael, USSR, Vigil
Saturday, 16 September 2017
Yes Cymru's Independence In Your Pocket, I cut mine in half!
Having just read Yes Cymru's Independence In Your Pocket booklet, I went for a stanley knife. I went into the garden for safety and cut it in half.
Straight down the spine the knife went. This left me with one copy in Welsh and another copy in English!
I stuck a new card cover on the back of each, GK Chesterton Prayer (in Welsh) on the inside and GKC Taffy quote on the outside.
Will now send them to a couple of bods in Wales. Job done 😎
(You can buy copies from Y Lolfa)
Posted by Ecumenical Diablogger at 9:00 am 0 comments
Labels: Glyndwr Day, Independence, Wales, Welsh, Yes Cymru
Saturday, 5 August 2017
Urgent Holiday Warning
Are you going to a Country where they speak one of the following languages; English, Igbo, Latin, French, Hungarian, Portuguese, Irish, Welsh, Maltese, Spanish, Polish, Romanian, German, Latvian, Russian, Croatian, Slovakian, Catalan or Italian.
If so you need to print off some GK Chesterton Prayercards in the local language to leave in Churches or I will be very cross 😉 http://www.catholicgkchestertonsociety.co.uk/Printable-Prayercards.html
You can just print them on card or paper if you like, it doesn't have to be on a t-shirt.
Posted by Ecumenical Diablogger at 8:07 pm 0 comments
Labels: Catholic, GK Chesterton, Holiday
Sunday, 30 July 2017
95th Anniversary of England’s Largest Earthquake
Ninety-five years ago today, the World was rocked to it’s very foundations by a huge earthquake. The epicentre was The Railway Hotel Beaconsfield, which is no longer standing. The hotel has been replaced by a supermarket, carpark and a Catholic Church.
The aftershocks of the earthquake were felt all over the World. Some people in Argentina even wrote a prayer as a result and the Archbishop of Buenos Aires was even moved to edit the pray. That Archbishop has since gone on and changed his name to Pope Francis.
So 95 years ago Gilbert Keith Chesterton became a Catholic in The Railway Hotel Beaconsfield and shook the World to it’s roots. He has led hundreds or maybe thousands of others into the Catholic Church. He holiness has led hundreds to his graveside to pray. For seven years now there has even been an Annual Pilgrimage in his honour.
Say the GK Chesterton Prayer in the language of your choice; http://www.catholicgkchestertonsociety.co.uk/Printable-Prayercards.html Follow @CatholicGKCSoc on Twitter.
Like The Catholic GK Chesterton Society Facebook page. Read Chesterton, and not just his very good Father Brown mysteries. Many of his books and essays can be read for free online, including his biographies of St Francis, St Thomas Aquinas and Charles Dickens.
And do watch, ‘G K Chesterton; Apostle of Common Sense’ on EWTN (Sky 589 or online www.ewtn.co.uk) Mondays 2pm or Wednesdays 7am or Thursdays 10pm each week. (30 minutes long)
Posted by Ecumenical Diablogger at 8:33 pm 0 comments
Labels: Ahlquist, Argentina, Beaconsfield, Bishop Baron, Bishop Doyle, Catholic, Chesterton, Earthquake, GK Chesterton, GK Chesterton Pilgrimage, Pilgrimage, Pope Francis, The Railway Hotel
Saturday, 29 July 2017
Taffy by GK Chesterton
I DO not understand Welshmen. When we say we do not understand such-and-such a person, we usually mean that he has been making himself a nuisance. He has been bothering us in some way; and the puzzle of his motives and further intentions has become a practical one. I do not mean anything of the kind here: I mean barely what I say. The distant Trojans never injured me. Taffy never came to my house or stole any part of the provisions. On the contrary, historically speaking, I went to Taffy’s house and took away a good deal of what belonged to him. [I have been saying this for years] I do not think that Taffy is a thief; I do not even know enough about him to be sure of the preliminary statement that he is a Welshman. I mean, quite simply and ingenuously, that I know nothing about Wales — not even (for certain) that there is such a place. I went, indeed, a few weeks ago to a curious place full of rocks; and the people there said it was Wales. But, then, other people said that these people were very sly, and that you could not believe anything they said. But, then, as I did not believe the second people who did not believe the first people, it all came back to the same comfortable condition as before, which is one of blank and disinterested nescience. It is a condition I am in with regard to a large number of things in this world. I keep my faith for the things of another world. About this world I am a complete agnostic.
But in this particular case of ignorance I rather fancy that I am not alone. I think that the great majority of Englishmen have no real notion of the Welsh type or spirit, whatever it is. They have conceptions of the Scot and the Irishman, false conceptions, but always containing some lines of a true tradition. The Englishman does, so to speak, understand the Scotchman even when he misunderstands him. The Englishman does know what the Irish are, even while he demands indignantly of heaven why they are. The stingy Puritan in plaid trousers is a very crude and unjust version of that queer blend that makes the Scot — the combination of a certain coarseness of fibre with great intellectual keenness for abstract and even mystical things. Still, it is a version; the prose and poetry of the Scot remain in the caricature. The picture of Paddy at Donnybrook leaves out all the subtlety and self-tormenting irony that are mixed up with the pugnacity of the Irish. Still, the Irish are pugnacious; the Englishman has got the leading feature right. He knows that, for all his economics, the Scotchman often has a bee in his bonnet, and he knows that the Irishman generally has a wasp in his — a thing that will sting itself or anyone else merely for fun or glory.
In these cases, the caricature, though stiff, highly coloured, antiquated, and largely false, tells the remains of several truths. But who on earth has ever seen a caricature of a Welshman? In Punch and such papers we never see anything but pictures of a Welshwoman — as if there were no males in that peculiar country with the rocks. Even the woman is only marked as Welsh by wearing an extraordinary costume, rather like that of Cinderella’s supernatural godmother. Without the artist suggesting any costume at all, one would recognize the very silly portraits of Irishmen with long upper lips, in the style of apes. Without any plaid trousers to assist the mind, one could spot the stiff beards and rocky cheek-bones of the Scotchmen of Charles Keene. But if you took away the Welshwoman’s extraordinary hat, there would be nothing whatever to show that she was a Welshwoman. We have not in our minds a Welsh type to make fun of. It is interesting to remember that apparently Shakespeare had.
This state of entire non-understanding (as distinct from misunderstanding) of the Welsh seems to me just now to be not only unique, but important and rather serious. For, unless I am very much mistaken, Wales is going to play some peculiar, and perhaps dominant, part in the developments of our extraordinary time. If the Welsh begin to influence us without our having yet even begun to imagine them, we shall have the whole Irish business over again; the gradual or imperfect understanding of a thing in the process of wrestling with it in the dark. The indications of such a movement in Wales (wherever it is), the suggestion of the growing influence of Welshmen (whoever they may be), is something that comes to us rather by widely distributed happenings and hints than in any theatrical example. Some, however, would call Mr. Lloyd George a theatrical example; he has been called even more extraordinary things. And in that degree the thing is true. Mr. Lloyd George is very much more genuine and sincere and formidable in his capacity as leader of the little Welsh nation than he is in any of the other capacities in which he is foolishly praised and ridiculously reviled. But to anyone who really has an eye for history in action, the smallest strike secretary in a Welsh railway or colliery bulks much bigger in the present picture than Mr. Lloyd George. And it has been in Wales that many of the most dramatic and effective labour revolts have happened: above all it was in Wales that they presented peculiar features of their own, bad or good, which marked them out from the whole temper and habit of England in recent times. The modern theory of animals was challenged in the episode of the ponies in the mines. The modern theory of Jews was challenged in the violent Anti-Semite riots of the last few weeks. Things fierce and unfamiliar, things lost since the Middle Ages, are coming upon us out of the West.
As the curious incident of the quarrels between Welshmen and Jews has been mentioned, I will take the opportunity here of correcting a curious mistake that clings to the minds of numbers of my correspondents. There is in particular a gloomy gentleman in America who keeps on asking me how my Anti-Semite prejudice is getting on, and generally displaying a curiosity about how many Hebrew teeth I have pulled out this week, and how often a Pogrom is held in front of my house. He appears to base it all on some statement of mine that Jews were tyrants and traitors. Upon this basis his indignation is eloquent, lengthy and (in my opinion) just. The only weakness affecting this superstructure is the curious detail that I never did say that Jews were tyrants and traitors. I said that a particular kind of Jew tended to be a tyrant and another particular kind of Jew tended to be a traitor. I say it again. Patent facts of this kind are permitted in the criticism of every other nation on the planet: it is not counted illiberal to say that a certain kind of Frenchman tends to be sensual. It is as plain as a pikestaff that the Parisian tradition of life and letters has a marked element of sensuality. It is also as plain as a pikestaff that those who are creditors will always have a temptation to be tyrants, and that those who are cosmopolitans will always have a temptation to be spies. This has nothing to do with alleging that the majority of any people falls into its typical temptations. In this respect I should imagine that Jews varied in their moral proportions as much as the rest of mankind. Rehoboam was a tyrant; Jehoshaphat was not. In what is perhaps the most celebrated collection of Jews in human history, the proportion of traitors was one in twelve. But I cannot see why the tyrants should not be called tyrants and the traitors traitors; why Rehoboam should not cause a rebellion or Judas become an object of dislike, merely because they happen to be members of a race persecuted for other reasons and on other occasions. Those are my views on Jews. They are more reasonable than those of the people that wreck their shops; and much more reasonable than those of the people who justify them on all occasions.
From The Uses of Diversity by GK Chesterton all of which can be read here for free
I was given a copy of this book by Hugh last week and strangely thought to myself, I wonder if there is anything about Wales in here!
Posted by Ecumenical Diablogger at 9:00 pm 0 comments
Labels: GK Chesterton, GKC, Taffy, Wales, Welsh
Friday, 21 July 2017
7th Annual GK Chesterton Pilgrimage 29th July
Saturday 29th July 2.30pm Old Rite Mass, at The Bridgettine Convent, Fulmer Common Road, Iver, SL0 0NR, in thanksgiving for Chesterton's Conversion, which took place 95 years ago. You are welcome to attend the Mass even if you are not doing the walk. (a lift from Uxbridge to the Convent may be possible, contact us)
Bring and eat a packed lunch.
For those who wish to, you can then join the pilgrimage walk to Beaconsfield (7.5 miles approx) where Chesterton lived, converted, died and is buried. We will say the prayer for the Beatification of GKC at his graveside. The prayer can be found, in a number of languages at: www.catholicgkchestertonsociety.co.uk
Or join us at 9.15am. outside the abortion centre at 8 Mattock Lane, Ealing, W5 5BJ where we stop for a few minutes prayer before walking on to Iver along the canal.
If you’d really like to walk the full 27 miles, meet us at 7.30am outside St George's C of E Church, Aubrey Walk, London, W8 7JG, where GK Chesterton was Baptised as a baby.
For more details or to join the pilgrimage email [email protected] or follow @CatholicGKCSoc on Twitter. See the website for reports from previous year's Pilgrimages. You can join in from home by saying the prayer on the day; https://www.facebook.com/events/1896572717297708/
www.CatholicGKChestertonsociety.co.uk
Posted by Ecumenical Diablogger at 9:00 am 0 comments
Labels: Beaconsfield, GK Chesterton, GK Chesterton Pilgrimage, Old Mass
Thursday, 20 July 2017
Spot The GKC Pilgrimage Leaflet Competition
All you need to do is spot the GK Chesterton Pilgrimage Leaflet in this photo of the excellent 40 Days for Life Conference in London. And you will receive a free GK Chesterton Prayercard in the post. Just email your address to; [email protected]
A winner will be chosen on next weeks Pilgrimage. Not sure what the leaflet looks like? Here's Shawn Carney of 40 Days for Life giving his copy the thumbs-up. Shawn often quotes Chesterton and I'm sure here says the GKC prayer, but he doesn't pray outside his local abortion centre anymore....because it closed down!
Posted by Ecumenical Diablogger at 7:29 pm 0 comments
Labels: 40 Days for Life, GK Chesterton, GK Chesterton Pilgrimage, Prayer, Pro-Life
Tuesday, 4 July 2017
So Happy 4th of July, every year I get in trouble.
So Happy 4th of July, every year I get in trouble.
I put up an American Flag and some Yanks complained. http://ecumenicaldiablog.blogspot.co.uk/2010/07/4th-july.html?m=1
So then I put up an American Folk Song and still they were not happy!
http://ecumenicaldiablog.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/happy-4th-july.html?m=1
So today we went to The Tower of London and here are a couple photo for you all not to be offended 😂
Posted by Ecumenical Diablogger at 5:32 pm 0 comments
Labels: 4th July, CSA, Freedom, USA
Thursday, 4 May 2017
"Attend The March for Life UK, or end up in Hell"
"Attend The March for Life UK, or end up in Hell" Mr U. N. Official spokesman for the Bishops Conference of Wales, Cornwall.......and England.
The Catechism of the Catholic Church 1033; Our Lord warns us that we shall be separated from him if we fail to meet the serious needs of the poor and the little ones who are his brethren. To die in mortal sin without repenting and accepting God's merciful love means remaining separated from him for ever by our own free choice. This state of definitive self-exclusion from communion with God and the blessed is called "hell."
"So that is clear, 'meet the serious needs...of little ones' or end up in Hell" added the spokesman.
If you are praying outside an abortion centre on the day of the March you can be excused without the need to go to Confession. Otherwise you will need to be at the March or go to the Holy Father personally on the First of April next year for Confession. So find a coach here; http://www.goodcounselnet.co.uk/
Posted by Ecumenical Diablogger at 9:10 am 0 comments
Labels: Catholic, Humour, Joke, March for Life UK, Mirth, Smile
Saturday, 1 April 2017
Please pray for Jane Grunnill RIP, my agnostic Mum.
My Mum Jane came from Perivale West London. The Family moved to Cardiff while she was a teenager. She went to Church or Sunday school, but felt that this was just for her Mum and Dad to have a break. She was one of seven. She always told me she was an atheist, but when I converted to the Catholic Faith and challenged her on this, we worked out that she was in fact an agnostic.
Her Mother died when she was just 20 years old, three weeks before I, her eldest of 3 sons, was born. She had a difficult relationship with her father and I think that this hindered her relationship with God.
In her 30's she had a gallstone operation. A stone was left behind and was found years later having blocked her liver. In the end this killed her. A little unfair for a woman who almost never drunk alcohol to die of a liver complaint.
My Mum could certainly hold a grudge for years, while still being able to be civil to the person (in most cases), to the point that they may not have even known. But she could also be very charitable. She never really got on with her first Mother-in-law, my Nan and had no contact with her for years once she and my Father divorced. Then one day when my brother was unable to go on a planned visit to Nan, Mum went to let her know, went in for a coffee and struck up a friendship. When Nan had a stroke my Mum helped find her a home, visited her and took her out on day trips. Work colleagues could not believe it, "your taking your ex-Mother-in-law out for the day!"
In September 2016 we went Oxford for a day out and met up with Father Udris who is looking into the Cause of GK Chesterton. Father recieved high praise from my Mother when we arrived home and she said to my brother-in-law that "He was a very nice Priest, if I was going to convert it would be with someone like that, NOT that I'm going to anyway." She didn't say it within my hearing!
She died on the 13th January 2017, the 20th Anniversary of the founding of The Good Counsel Network, which she had supported financially for a number of years, despite not being totally Pro-Life herself. One of my brothers, his girlfriend and myself had just left the hospital to get some sleep while my Wife and son stayed with Mum when she died.
Please keep my Mum in your prayers as I don't think most of her side of the Family will do so.
Posted by Ecumenical Diablogger at 10:44 pm 2 comments
Labels: Agnostic, Good Counsel Network, Mum, Pro-Life
First Welsh March For Life, Saturday 20th May 2017
Most Countries around the World have an annual March for Life. The United States has one in January each year in Washington DC (Not to be confused with DC comics). The Confederate States of America has a March for Life in Texas. The Irish have a Rally for Life each year in Belfast or Dublin.
And the English have The March For Life uk in Birmingham each year. (It seems that 'uk' is Anglo-Saxon for 'England'). Do pop along to it if you cannot get to the Welsh one being held on the same day.
The Welsh March for Life with start in Hereford (Some may think that this is in England, but as Hereford is in the Archdiocese of Cardiff, We KNOW that it is Welsh). We will then March on the Welsh Assembly in Cardiff, demand that the Assembly declares UDI, outlaws abortion, And then retire to a nearby pub for a drink and some singing.
Happy 1st April 😀
Posted by Ecumenical Diablogger at 12:09 am 0 comments
Labels: April Fool's Day, Fake News
Tuesday, 21 March 2017
"Too Far To Travel, Let My Sister Die"
I cannot believe that anyone would say this if they we're told that their Sister (or Brother) would die unless they traveled to where she or he was going to die. I'm sure you wouldn't. Maybe you'd say, 'Sorry, but I'm too busy', no of course not. The idea that a Priest would say, 'It's Lent, I don't have time to go there and save the life of one of my Parishioners' is crazy.
Tomorrow your Brother, your Sister and Father's Parishioner are going to be killed in an abortion centre. You are not too busy and it is not too far to travel. Here is a list of 40 Days for Life Pro-Life Peaceful Prayer Vigils in England, Scotland and Wales; http://www.goodcounselnet.co.uk/40-Days-for-Life.html
On Sunday the Cardiff 40 Days for Life vigil had a chap who had travelled 45 miles each way to join them in prayer. The same man had travelled 120 miles each way to pray at the Pro-Life vigil in Ealing the day before. We all know that we are Brothers and Sisters in Christ, but those praying at a vigil show it.
Please contact the local organisers to let them know what times you will be attending, as that helps them when trying to fill at 12 hour a day schedule, seven days a week schedule.
Photos show: marie stopes Ealing, signboard above the plaque of St Michael the Archangel. And a clearer image of the plaque alone.
Posted by Ecumenical Diablogger at 8:27 pm 0 comments
Labels: 40 Days for Life, Pro-Life
Wednesday, 8 March 2017
40 Days 4 Life Ealing, No Snow..But Opposition
Sorry no snow at the 40 Days for Life Pro-Life Peaceful Prayer Vigil in Ealing, London. But plenty of vocal opposition from a large group of 'feminists' on Saturdays. Please come to the vigil, Jim travels 120 miles each way to come and pray! The vigil is 8am until 8pm each day until 9th April outside marie stopes abortion centre, 87 Mattock Lane, Ealing, London, W5 5BJ. Please sign-up online if you can but come anyway; https://40daysforlife.com/local-campaigns/london/
For other vigils locations see; http://www.goodcounselnet.co.uk/40-Days-for-Life.html
Posted by Ecumenical Diablogger at 5:05 pm 0 comments
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Maria Stops Abortion
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SPUC director, John Smeaton
Northern Ireland bishops must not back unethical compromise making church complicit in radical abortion regime - *The Society for the Protection of Unborn Children (SPUC) has called on the bishops of Northern Ireland not to back an unethical compromise which makes t... | {
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1,223 | Jan 27, 2016 7:03 PM - Game-day spread is all about the food for Anjali Prasertong and here's a recipe for Korean Chicken Sliders with Braised Kale & Kimchi, paying homage to international flavors.
Marshmallow Fluff's -- Never Fail Fudge
Dec 8, 2015 5:55 AM - Easy recipe for Penny Kazmier's version of Never Fail Fudge.
Modern Chicken Diane
Oct 6, 2015 5:57 AM - This steak Diane recipe calls for chicken instead.
Indian Summer Risotto
Sep 30, 2015 5:45 AM - Indian Summer Risotto is a great way to bid farewell to summer's bounty.
Southern-Style Chili for hot dogs
Jul 22, 2015 6:00 AM - Southern-style hot dogs are loaded with chili and slaw with a healthy smear of mustard. They can be messy, but oh my, are they delicious!
Refrigerator pickles
Jul 21, 2015 6:11 AM - Refrigerator pickles can be kept up to two weeks in fridge.
Poached chicken
Jul 21, 2015 6:11 AM - This easy poached chicken recipe can be used as a basis for any recipe. And the chicken can be frozen for later use.
Crowd-pleasing Quesadillas
Jul 21, 2015 6:11 AM - Crowd-pleasing quesadillas come together quickly with shredded chicken or any cooked meat.
Open-Faced Ham & Swiss with Honey Mustard
Jul 14, 2015 6:00 AM - Orange juice and cayenne add flavor to open-faced ham and Swiss cheese sandwiches.
Tuna Salad
Jul 14, 2015 6:00 AM - Tuna salad will serve a crowd on crackers or as the perfect sandwich for lunch if served on toast. | {
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Early Day Motions
UK Parliament
Early Day Motions
Providing financial restitution to 1950s women
Providing financial restitution to 1950s women
EDM (Early Day Motion) 81: tabled on 20 January 2020
Tabled in the 2019-21 session.
This motion has been signed by 82 Members. It has not yet had any amendments submitted.
Motion text
That this House welcomes the positive interventions from many hon. Members from across the House on behalf of women born in the 1950s who have lost their pensions; welcomes the equalisation of retirement ages between women and men; recalls that women born in the 1950s were subject to discriminatory employment and pension laws; recognises that this included being excluded from some pensions schemes; recognises that this had the negative effect for them of losing the opportunity to have the same level of pension as their partner or spouse; further recognises that this has had the consequence of women in this position never being able to have equal pensions to men; further notes that this has negatively and profoundly impacted on them including increased poverty, deteriorating health and homelessness; notes that at least 3.8 million women have been impacted by the loss of their pensions from the age of 60 in three separate age hikes; and calls on the Government to enact a temporary special measure as permitted by international law to provide restitution to women born in the 1950s who have lost their pensions from the age of 60 because of the impact of the rise in retirement age.
Signatures (82)
Supporters (82)
Withdrawn signatures (0)
The first 6 Members who have signed to support the motion are the sponsors. The primary sponsor is generally the person who tabled the motion and has responsibility for it. The date shown is when the Member signed the motion. | {
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1,225 | In early 2019 I began my journey as a data enthusiast. I have always been intrigued by data, even though I will readily admit to not being a “numbers...
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1,226 | Empowering Individuals with the Knowledge to Act by Dynamically Targeting, Discovering, and Organizing Information.
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Protecting children is becoming harder in a virtual world. While the Web offers students greater access to high-quality information than any generation before them, there's also a lot of inappropriate material out there. iSEEK™ Education incorporates safe search technologies and editorial review to ensure results are safe and reputable. Rest assured that iSEEK™ K–12 Internet users are receiving only age-appropriate search results.
Authoritative Resources
Gathered from thousands of trusted educational sources, iSEEK™ Education resources are selected for quality and are subject to review by leading educators. iSEEK™ Education also searches deeper than traditional engines to produce the most specific and relevant results. Finally, the bank of resources is evaluated and updated at a rate of several hundred links per week, creating a dynamic search experience as up-to-date as the Web itself.
iSEEK™ Understands
Finding the right keywords can be tricky, especially in a statistics-based search that has no idea who you are or what you’re looking for. iSEEK™ Education, with advanced linguistic, conceptual, and AI technologies, is different. It knows that you are looking for education-related materials, and it understands the meaning embedded in the questions you ask. As a result, it returns the most relevant, useful, and meaningful results every time. You no longer have to strategically select keywords, then add to them, revise them, and search again in hopes of getting better results—simply ask questions and get answers.
iViews™ Make Sense
The first "i" in iView™ stands for "intelligent," and you can rely on them to do a little more "thinking" about your search, so you can do a little less work. The iViews™ will categorize your results by focusing on you, not on statistics. With iViews™, you can see topics and themes in your results, target your subject and grade level, and more. Click an iView™ to narrow your results, or mouse over a title to highlight the iView™ categories associated with it. See at a glance whether a link leads to a worksheet or a lesson plan, and if it's intended for sixth grade or tenth grade.
Web-based Bookmarks Go Everywhere
iSEEK™ lets you bookmark anything you can find on the Web—Web sites, blogs, videos, PDFs, worksheets created in Microsoft® Word, and more! Simply click the bookmark icon to add a link to your personal library of favorites. Organizing your bookmarks into personal categories is easy on the iSEEK™ homepage. By logging in to iSEEK™, you'll open up this dynamic library and dashboard of organization tools. You can build your library on any browser, on any computer, and return home to find your virtual world of resources waiting for you there, too. You have a library in your house, in your community, and another in your school—isn't it time you had one that can go anywhere you go?
MySEEK™ Bookmark Search
Finding bookmarks and favorites is easy with MySEEK™ bookmark search. In addition to browsing your bookmarks on the iSEEK™ homepage, you can search directly against your bookmarks to target particular information or resources you know you’ve found before. No more scrolling through hundreds of bookmarks to find the one you swear you saved—let MySEEK™ do the hunting for you!
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iSEEK™ Quick Reference
If you are new to iSEEK™ and would like a brief overview of the features that allow you to get more from your searches, please download and read the quick reference guide.
iSEEK™ Education Quick Reference Guide (324 kB)
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iSEEK Quality Criteria
iSEEK™ has gathered its authoritative resources from thousands of trusted educational sources, and all of its resources are subject to review by leading educators in all fields. iSEEK™ Education also looks deeper than traditional engines, which just skim the surface of the Web, to produce the most specific and relevant results available. Finally, the bank of resources provided is evaluated and updated at a rate of several hundred per day, creating a dynamic search experience as up-to-date as the Web itself.
Click here to view a checklist of iSEEK™ Education's quality criteria.
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Add iSEEK To Your Websites
Browser Search
iSEEK™ Browser Search keeps targeted discovery at your fingertips, without taking up extra screen space and without requiring you to navigate to a new page first. Simply type your query or question into the search box in the upper-left-hand corner of your browser screen, and iSEEK™ will do the rest.
iSEEK™ Browser Search is supported by the following Web browsers, and their later versions:
Microsoft® Internet Explorer 7
Mozilla Firefox 2.0
Google Chrome
To start using iSEEK™ Browser Search, click here.
Add iSEEK™ to your Website
You can allow users to perform versatile targeted searches on iSEEK™ Education - or any of the available iSEEK™ SearchBlades - by adding iSEEK™ to your website.
Use the simple configuration options below to personalize the appearance and search options of your iSEEK™ search bar. Once you are finished, generate the code, and add it anywhere to your website where you would like a small iSEEK™ search bar to appear.
Search Bar Width (in pixels)
Available SearchBlades
Web
Education
Get iSEEK™ Code
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Contact Us
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Role --- Select --- Student Teacher Administrator Parent or Caregiver Other
Grade Level Preschool Elementary Middle School High School College Postgraduate Other
What subject(s) were you looking for today?
Comments*
How did you find us? --- Select --- Referred by a friend Web search Link from another website Other
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iSEEK™ Video Demos
Overview of iSEEK™ Education
Learn about iSEEK™ Education and see the features that make it the perfect search engine for teachers, school administrators, students, and other educational professionals.
iSEEK™ NLP Search Basics
See how to use iSEEK™ Natural Language Processing (NLP) to find answers to questions worded in plain English and learn how to get the most out of every iSEEK™ search.
What are iViews™?
Find out what iViews™ are and how they are applied in iSEEK™ Education.
How to use iViews™
Learn iViews™ tips and tricks and how they can be used to improve your search.
Personalizing your iSEEK™ Homepage
See how you can personalize your iSEEK™ homepages with news feeds, tools, games, and more.
What is MySEEK?
Learn how to create your own searchable bookmark library with MySEEK Favorites and MySEEK Search.
Safety on iSEEK™ Education
Help keep iSEEK™ Education safe, relevant, and authoritative with the blacklisting tool.
© Copyright Vantage Labs LLC All rights reserved. About iSEEK Education | Privacy Policy | Contact Us | FAQ
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School Subject: All Subjects Art/Dance Career Education Civics/Government Economics English Language Arts English as a Second Language Foreign Languages Global Studies Health/Physical Education History/Geography Mathematics Music/Theater Philosophy Psychology Professional Development Religion School Adminstration Special Education Earth Science Life Science Physical Science Technology
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tYXJrcyB0byBmaW5kIHRoZSBvbmUgeW91IHN3ZWFyIHlvdSBzYXZlZCAtIGxldCBNeVNFRUvihKIgZG8gdGhlIGh1bnRpbmcgZm9yIHlvdSEgQmFjayB0byBUb3AgaVNFRUvihKIgUXVpY2sgUmVmZXJlbmNlIElmIHlvdSBhcmUgbmV3IHRvIGlTRUVL4oSiIGFuZCB3b3VsZCBsaWtlIGEgYnJpZWYgb3ZlcnZpZXcgb2YgdGhlIGZlYXR1cmVzIHRoYXQgYWxsb3cgeW91IHRvIGdldCBtb3JlIGZyb20geW91ciBzZWFyY2hlcywgcGxlYXNlIGRvd25sb2FkIGFuZCByZWFkIHRoZSBxdWljayByZWZlcmVuY2UgZ3VpZGUuIGlTRUVL4oSiIEVkdWNhdGlvbiBRdWljayBSZWZlcmVuY2UgR3VpZGUgKDMyNCBrQikgQmFjayB0byBUb3AgaVNFRUsgUXVhbGl0eSBDcml0ZXJpYSBpU0VFS+KEoiBoYXMgZ2F0aGVyZWQgaXRzIGF1dGhvcml0YXRpdmUgcmVzb3VyY2VzIGZyb20gdGhvdXNhbmRzIG9mIHRydXN0ZWQgZWR1Y2F0aW9uYWwgc291cmNlcywgYW5kIGFsbCBvZiBpdHMgcmVzb3VyY2VzIGFyZSBzdWJqZWN0IHRvIHJldmlldyBieSBsZWFkaW5nIGVkdWNhdG9ycyBpbiBhbGwgZmllbGRzLiBpU0VFS+KEoiBFZHVjYXRpb24gYWxzbyBsb29rcyBkZWVwZXIgdGhhbiB0cmFkaXRpb25hbCBlbmdpbmVzLCB3aGljaCBqdXN0IHNraW0gdGhlIHN1cmZhY2Ugb2YgdGhlIFdlYiwgdG8gcHJvZHVjZSB0aGUgbW9zdCBzcGVjaWZpYyBhbmQgcmVsZXZhbnQgcmVzdWx0cyBhdmFpbGFibGUuIEZpbmFsbHksIHRoZSBiYW5rIG9mIHJlc291cmNlcyBwcm92aWRlZCBpcyBldmFsdWF0ZWQgYW5kIHVwZGF0ZWQgYXQgYSByYXRlIG9mIHNldmVyYWwgaHVuZHJlZCBwZXIgZGF5LCBjcmVhdGluZyBhIGR5bmFtaWMgc2VhcmNoIGV4cGVyaWVuY2UgYXMgdXAtdG8tZGF0ZSBhcyB0aGUgV2ViIGl0c2VsZi4gQ2xpY2sgaGVyZSB0byB2aWV3IGEgY2hlY2tsaXN0IG9mIGlTRUVL4oSiIEVkdWNhdGlvbidzIHF1YWxpdHkgY3JpdGVyaWEuIEJhY2sgdG8gVG9wIE5ld3MgJiBNZWRpYSBIYWl0aWFuIHJlbGllZiBoaWdobGlnaHRzIHRoZSBwb3dlciBvZiB0ZXh0IG1lc3NhZ2luZyBKYW51YXJ5IDE5LCAyMDEwIEVDb250ZW50IFNlbGVjdHMgVmFudGFnZSBMaW5ndWlzdGljcyBPbmUgb2YgdGhlIENvbXBhbmllcyB0aGF0IE1hdHRlciBNb3N0IGluIHRoZSBEaWdpdGFsIENvbnRlbnQgSW5kdXN0cnkgRGVjZW1iZXIgMSwgMjAwOSBpU0VFSyBQcmVzZW50cyBhdCAyMDA5IEFNRUUgQ29uZmVyZW5jZSBBdWd1c3QgMTksIDIwMDkgVmFudGFnZSBMaW5ndWlzdGljcycgaVNFRUsgV2lucyBBbHRTZWFyY2hFbmdpbmVzJ3MgU2VhcmNoIEVuZ2luZSBSYWNlIEphbnVhcnkgMTksIDIwMDkgQWRkIGlTRUVLIFRvIFlvdXIgV2Vic2l0ZXMgQnJvd3NlciBTZWFyY2ggaVNFRUvihKIgQnJvd3NlciBTZWFyY2gga2VlcHMgdGFyZ2V0ZWQgZGlzY292ZXJ5IGF0IHlvdXIgZmluZ2VydGlwcywgd2l0aG91dCB0YWtpbmcgdXAgZXh0cmEgc2NyZWVuIHNwYWNlIGFuZCB3aXRob3V0IHJlcXVpcmluZyB5b3UgdG8gbmF2aWdhdGUgdG8gYSBuZXcgcGFnZSBmaXJzdC4gU2ltcGx5IHR5cGUgeW91ciBxdWVyeSBvciBxdWVzdGlvbiBpbnRvIHRoZSBzZWFyY2ggYm94IGluIHRoZSB1cHBlci1sZWZ0LWhhbmQgY29ybmVyIG9mIHlvdXIgYnJvd3NlciBzY3JlZW4sIGFuZCBpU0VFS+KEoiB3aWxsIGRvIHRoZSByZXN0LiBpU0VFS+KEoiBCcm93c2VyIFNlYXJjaCBpcyBzdXBwb3J0ZWQgYnkgdGhlIGZvbGxvd2luZyBXZWIgYnJvd3NlcnMsIGFuZCB0aGVpciBsYXRlciB2ZXJzaW9uczogTWljcm9zb2Z0wq4gSW50ZXJuZXQgRXhwbG9yZXIgNyBNb3ppbGxhIEZpcmVmb3ggMi4wIEdvb2dsZSBDaHJvbWUgVG8gc3RhcnQgdXNpbmcgaVNFRUvihKIgQnJvd3NlciBTZWFyY2gsIGNsaWNrIGhlcmUuIEFkZCBpU0VFS+KEoiB0byB5b3VyIFdlYnNpdGUgWW91IGNhbiBhbGxvdyB1c2VycyB0byBwZXJmb3JtIHZlcnNhdGlsZSB0YXJnZXRlZCBzZWFyY2hlcyBvbiBpU0VFS+KEoiBFZHVjYXRpb24gLSBvciBhbnkgb2YgdGhlIGF2YWlsYWJsZSBpU0VFS+KEoiBTZWFyY2hCbGFkZXMgLSBieSBhZGRpbmcgaVNFRUvihKIgdG8geW91ciB3ZWJzaXRlLiBVc2UgdGhlIHNpbXBsZSBjb25maWd1cmF0aW9uIG9wdGlvbnMgYmVsb3cgdG8gcGVyc29uYWxpemUgdGhlIGFwcGVhcmFuY2UgYW5kIHNlYXJjaCBvcHRpb25zIG9mIHlvdXIgaVNFRUvihKIgc2VhcmNoIGJhci4gT25jZSB5b3UgYXJlIGZpbmlzaGVkLCBnZW5lcmF0ZSB0aGUgY29kZSwgYW5kIGFkZCBpdCBhbnl3aGVyZSB0byB5b3VyIHdlYnNpdGUgd2hlcmUgeW91IHdvdWxkIGxpa2UgYSBzbWFsbCBpU0VFS+KEoiBzZWFyY2ggYmFyIHRvIGFwcGVhci4gU2VhcmNoIEJhciBXaWR0aCAoaW4gcGl4ZWxzKSBBdmFpbGFibGUgU2VhcmNoQmxhZGVzIFdlYiBFZHVjYXRpb24gR2V0IGlTRUVL4oSiIENvZGUgQmFjayB0byBUb3AgQ29udGFjdCBVcyBOYW1lKiBFbWFpbCogTG9jYXRpb24gUm9sZSAtLS0gU2VsZWN0IC0tLSBTdHVkZW50IFRlYWNoZXIgQWRtaW5pc3RyYXRvciBQYXJlbnQgb3IgQ2FyZWdpdmVyIE90aGVyIEdyYWRlIExldmVsIFByZXNjaG9vbCBFbGVtZW50YXJ5IE1pZGRsZSBTY2hvb2wgSGlnaCBTY2hvb2wgQ29sbGVnZSBQb3N0Z3JhZHVhdGUgT3RoZXIgV2hhdCBzdWJqZWN0KHMpIHdlcmUgeW91IGxvb2tpbmcgZm9yIHRvZGF5PyBDb21tZW50cyogSG93IGRpZCB5b3UgZmluZCB1cz8gLS0tIFNlbGVjdCAtLS0gUmVmZXJyZWQgYnkgYSBmcmllbmQgV2ViIHNlYXJjaCBMaW5rIGZyb20gYW5vdGhlciB3ZWJzaXRlIE90aGVyIFNlY3VyaXR5IGNoZWNrIFR5cGUgd29yZCBzaG93biBiZWxvdyBpU0VFS+KEoiBWaWRlbyBEZW1vcyBPdmVydmlldyBvZiBpU0VFS+KEoiBFZHVjYXRpb24gTGVhcm4gYWJvdXQgaVNFRUvihKIgRWR1Y2F0aW9uIGFuZCBzZWUgdGhlIGZlYXR1cmVzIHRoYXQgbWFrZSBpdCB0aGUgcGVyZmVjdCBzZWFyY2ggZW5naW5lIGZvciB0ZWFjaGVycywgc2Nob29sIGFkbWluaXN0cmF0b3JzLCBzdHVkZW50cywgYW5kIG90aGVyIGVkdWNhdGlvbmFsIHByb2Zlc3Npb25hbHMuIGlTRUVL4oSiIE5MUCBTZWFyY2ggQmFzaWNzIFNlZSBob3cgdG8gdXNlIGlTRUVL4oSiIE5hdHVyYWwgTGFuZ3VhZ2UgUHJvY2Vzc2luZyAoTkxQKSB0byBmaW5kIGFuc3dlcnMgdG8gcXVlc3Rpb25zIHdvcmRlZCBpbiBwbGFpbiBFbmdsaXNoIGFuZCBsZWFybiBob3cgdG8gZ2V0IHRoZSBtb3N0IG91dCBvZiBldmVyeSBpU0VFS+KEoiBzZWFyY2guIFdoYXQgYXJlIGlWaWV3c+KEoj8gRmluZCBvdXQgd2hhdCBpVmlld3PihKIgYXJlIGFuZCBob3cgdGhleSBhcmUgYXBwbGllZCBpbiBpU0VFS+KEoiBFZHVjYXRpb24uIEhvdyB0byB1c2UgaVZpZXdz4oSiIExlYXJuIGlWaWV3c+KEoiB0aXBzIGFuZCB0cmlja3MgYW5kIGhvdyB0aGV5IGNhbiBiZSB1c2VkIHRvIGltcHJvdmUgeW91ciBzZWFyY2guIFBlcnNvbmFsaXppbmcgeW91ciBpU0VFS+KEoiBIb21lcGFnZSBTZWUgaG93IHlvdSBjYW4gcGVyc29uYWxpemUgeW91ciBpU0VFS+KEoiBob21lcGFnZXMgd2l0aCBuZXdzIGZlZWRzLCB0b29scywgZ2FtZXMsIGFuZCBtb3JlLiBXaGF0IGlzIE15U0VFSz8gTGVhcm4gaG93IHRvIGNyZWF0ZSB5b3VyIG93biBzZWFyY2hhYmxlIGJvb2ttYXJrIGxpYnJhcnkgd2l0aCBNeVNFRUsgRmF2b3JpdGVzIGFuZCBNeVNFRUsgU2VhcmNoLiBTYWZldHkgb24gaVNFRUvihKIgRWR1Y2F0aW9uIEhlbHAga2VlcCBpU0VFS+KEoiBFZHVjYXRpb24gc2FmZSwgcmVsZXZhbnQsIGFuZCBhdXRob3JpdGF0aXZlIHdpdGggdGhlIGJsYWNrbGlzdGluZyB0b29sLiDCqSBDb3B5cmlnaHQgVmFudGFnZSBMYWJzIExMQyBBbGwgcmlnaHRzIHJlc2VydmVkLiBBYm91dCBpU0VFSyBFZHVjYXRpb24gfCBQcml2YWN5IFBvbGljeSB8IENvbnRhY3QgVXMgfCBGQVEgUmVjb21tZW5kIGEgc2l0ZSBMaW5rOiBMaW5rIGlzIGEgcmVxdWlyZWQgZmllbGQuIFRpdGxlOiBUb3BpYyhzKTogU2Nob29sIFN1YmplY3Q6IEFsbCBTdWJqZWN0cyBBcnQvRGFuY2UgQ2FyZWVyIEVkdWNhdGlvbiBDaXZpY3MvR292ZXJubWVudCBFY29ub21pY3MgRW5nbGlzaCBMYW5ndWFnZSBBcnRzIEVuZ2xpc2ggYXMgYSBTZWNvbmQgTGFuZ3VhZ2UgRm9yZWlnbiBMYW5ndWFnZXMgR2xvYmFsIFN0dWRpZXMgSGVhbHRoL1BoeXNpY2FsIEVkdWNhdGlvbiBIaXN0b3J5L0dlb2dyYXBoeSBNYXRoZW1hdGljcyBNdXNpYy9UaGVhdGVyIFBoaWxvc29waHkgUHN5Y2hvbG9neSBQcm9mZXNzaW9uYWwgRGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQgUmVsaWdpb24gU2Nob29sIEFkbWluc3RyYXRpb24gU3BlY2lhbCBFZHVjYXRpb24gRWFydGggU2NpZW5jZSBMaWZlIFNjaWVuY2UgUGh5c2ljYWwgU2NpZW5jZSBUZWNobm9sb2d5IFlvdSBtdXN0IHNlbGVjdCBhdCBsZWFzdCBvbmUgc3ViamVjdC4gVHlwZSBvZiBSZXNvdXJjZTogQWN0aXZpdHkgQXNzZXNzbWVudCBUb29sIEF1ZGlvIEZpbGUgQ29sbGVjdGlvbiBDb21tdW5pdHkgQ291cnNlIE1hdGVyaWFsIEN1cnJpY3VsdW0gVW5pdCBJbWFnZSBJbnRlcnZpZXcgVHJhbnNjcmlwdCBMZXNzb24gUGxhbiBMaXRlcmF0dXJlIFRleHQgTWFwIFByZXNlbnRhdGlvbiBQcm9kdWN0IG9yIFNlcnZpY2UgUmVmZXJlbmNlIFRlbXBsYXRlIFZpZGVvIFdlYnF1ZXN0//8r"
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1,227 | Baccarat is among the most popular games played on the web. There are many websites offering baccarat table games including live ones. The players make use of a bankroll to operate these casinos. Once the player wins a game, they transfer the remaining profit their bankroll to the winning account. The baccarat table is really a game that has been mastered by the casino management and players have come to realize this fact by coming up with an idea to get rich quick through the game.
바카라
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1,229 | Justaerin Terminator Torso C Heresy Bits Sons of Horus made by Forge World. It is a new, unused bit and has been carefully removed from...
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Justaerin Terminator Torso C Heresy Bits Sons of Horus made by Forge World. It is a new, unused bit and has been carefully removed from the sprue for use. This is a great bit for use in conversions. | {
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1,230 | The products includes five series: crusher, sand making machine, powder grinding mill, mineral processing equipment and building materials equipment.
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crushing jaw crushers south africa invest benefitfrom kyrgyzstan
jaw crusher
Processing capacity:242-2036t/h
Feeding size:136-1161mm
Appliable Materials: concrete,dolomite,bluestone,iron ore,limestone,construction rubbish,basalt,rock and all kinds of hard and soft ores with compressive strength not higher than 320 Mpa.
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48-hour idling test machine before leaving the factory. You can take the materials to the factory test machine. We will customize the solution according to your needs. Free Installation. Our fixed-model machines and consumables are available from stock to ensure querys get the machines they need in time.
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Once the crusher bucket arrived at their job site and got to work, they saw the benefits immediately. currently, [the bf120.4] 's making, maybe, sixty yards an hour out of the 5-inch minus, miller told us. he even said that they've been able to use the crusher all week for most of the day and have turned rocks that they would have thrown away and into road base, saving them money.
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Mar 26, 2014 two new kleemann mobile jaw crushers featuring exclusive evo technology were introduced to the north american market at conexpo-con/agg 2014. two new crushers – the mobicat mc 110 ri evo and mc 110 zi evo mobile jaw crushers – were among the 41 machines – most of them new i-series products – that wirtgen america displayed at its 39,600-sq. ft. exhibit.
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Good site management helps with efficiency and productivity. like our client did. in luxembourg, on the construction site for the new building for the european union, a bf120.4 crusher bucket and an mb-s18 screening bucket, installed on kobelco excavators, crushed and separated material directly on site, then took the material from the demolished jean monnet, to build the new jean monnet 2, a ...
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Sep 25, 2017 at the matexpo in belgium keestrack presented the diesel electric b3e jaw crusher, a hybrid variant of its successful model deployed on building sites and recycling. all specific advantages of the track-mounted 30-tonne machine are preserved - budget-conscious operators can now benefit from lower maintenance costs and the opportunities for operating subsequently connected units cost …
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Business plan for crusher stone in south africa. south african dolarite rock quarrying and crusher business. south african dolarite rock quarrying and crusher businessfrom xsm, we provides magnetic separator(wet magnetic separator,magnetic roll separator),stone crusher (jaw ...
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Reasons to get this report: in an insight outlook, this research report has dedicated to several quantities of analysis industry research (global industry trends) and crusher market share analysis of high players, along with company profiles, and which collectively include about the fundamental opinions regarding the market landscape; emerging and high-growth sections of crusher market; high ...
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Mar 24, 2021 south africa tanzania tunisia ... these machines come in three main types, jaw crusher, cone and gyratory crusher, and impact crusher. jaw crushers, occasionally referred to as “toggle crushers,” are the most common type of crusher. material is compressed between a moving piece of steel and a stationary piece.
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Mar 26, 2014 two new kleemann mobile jaw crushers featuring exclusive evo technology were introduced to the north american market at conexpo-con/agg 2014. two new crushers – the mobicat mc 110 ri evo and mc 110 zi evo mobile jaw crushers – were among the 41 machines – most of them new i-series products – that wirtgen america displayed at its 39,600-sq. ft. exhibit.
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Mar 12, 2021 high demand for a small, mobile crusher the growth in recycling of concrete and asphalt recycling industries has led to higher demand for smaller, more mobile crushers, says john o'neill, mccloskey international's vp of sales. over the last 10 years we have improved our control panel systems to provide operators with more knowledge and information about what is going on inside their ...
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Even if you know the ins and the outs of the procedure and have a solution for its problems, find a new way is cost-effective.. instead of using a method they’ve used several times in the past: using truck to dispose the excavated rocks and haul to the site the purchased gsb, a simple change such as using a mb mobile crusher allowed this indian company to crush down to an appropriate size ...
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Mar 26, 2014 two new kleemann mobile jaw crushers featuring exclusive evo technology were introduced to the north american market at conexpo-con/agg 2014. two new crushers – the mobicat mc 110 ri evo and mc 110 zi evo mobile jaw crushers – were among the 41 machines – most of them new i-series products – that wirtgen america displayed at its 39,600-sq. ft. exhibit.
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When you invest in jaw crushers, you need to know they are going to be dependable and safe. the four models of essa jaw crushers offer powerful crushing capabilities across a wide range of applications and industries. you will reap the benefits of reduced process stages and good control of product sizing.
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Even when a working system that “don’t require changing”, can benefit from a embracing an operational change. as simple as did this company in argentina, they had purchased a bf90.3 to recycle stones. they use to discard them. but by attaching an mb crusher unit to their hyundai they crush them and sell the products to others.
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Being we one of the biggest sand stone crushing industries in uttrakhand and rajastan area propel's machines have utilized to yield a maximum productivity of 20,000 to 30,000 tons per day. the cubical aggregate shape with excellent fines / sand (zone ii) gradation is the unique feature propel's crushers.
Global Crusher Market Segment Outlook Market
Reasons to get this report: in an insight outlook, this research report has dedicated to several quantities of analysis industry research (global industry trends) and crusher market share analysis of high players, along with company profiles, and which collectively include about the fundamental opinions regarding the market landscape; emerging and high-growth sections of crusher market; high ...
New Kleemann Jaw Crushers Introduced At Conexpo
Mar 26, 2014 two new kleemann mobile jaw crushers featuring exclusive evo technology were introduced to the north american market at conexpo-con/agg 2014. two new crushers – the mobicat mc 110 ri evo and mc 110 zi evo mobile jaw crushers – were among the 41 machines – most of them new i-series products – that wirtgen america displayed at its 39,600-sq. ft. exhibit.
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1,231 | Everyone might be tired of hearing about Sesame Street’s new autistic muppet by the time I post this, but before I wrote up a full review I had to make my way through all of the materials at the “Sesame Street and Autism” site. I watched all of the videos, either when the kids weren’t around or with headphones while they were otherwise occupied, because I wanted to screen them first before I let them view of it – and, yes, it is weird to have to screen Sesame Street, of all things, for harmful messaging, but such is the state of the mainstream dialogue on autism that I knew there were likely to be some things I would not want my kids to see or hear. And there were.
What is Sesame Street and Autism?
First, a brief explanation of what Sesame Street and Autism is and isn’t. There’s been a lot of hype about Julia, the new autistic muppet as I call her and “muppet with autism” as most of the press does. However, there is no actual muppet. There is one storybook, told from Elmo’s point of view, about a cartoon muppet named Julia. The rest of the site is “Resources for Parents,” which include: 10 videos – I would say 5 were mostly or sort of geared toward children, 5 geared toward parents, ALL geared toward neurotypical viewers; some short articles – 5 out of 6 are for parents, the 6th is for neurotypical children; and Daily Routine Cards, which are like short social stories, that could work for any child.
There is no balanced view of prejudice
For this project, Sesame Street gathered input from a couple of good sources, including ASAN (Autistic Self Advocacy Network) and Boycott Autism Speaks, and some ableist sources, which I prefer not to name because I find that the mere mention of them always derails the Sesame Street discussion into “but why don’t you like them?” and it’s not what I want to talk about here.
The problem for me with this project is that you can’t “balance” autism acceptance and positivity with ableism. The ableism corrupts the message of acceptance and makes it unusable at best, and counterproductive at worst.
Lost opportunity to do good
It’s sad because I really wanted to like it. I think having an autistic muppet IS a good idea and could have been awesome if done well. It would have been great if Julia was a real, felt-covered muppet, was part of the regular cast, and was the protagonist in her own story. It would have been great if she was fully incorporated into the show as just another character.
It would also have been great to do some of the live action videos about autistic kids, if the kids had been allowed to tell their own stories and interact with other kids and/or muppets on their own terms. It’s true that for this age range, there are many autistic kid who can’t yet tell their stories either by talking or by AAC (augmentative and alternative communication), but Sesame Street has always been able to work with typical preschoolers who don’t talk that much yet, so they know how to do this. There is no reason they could not do this with autistic preschoolers besides ableism.
It’s sad because there is a need for children to hear more about being autistic, inclusion, and making friends with people who aren’t like you. There is a need for more representation of autistic people in media and especially in kids’ media, because I would love for this generation of autistic kids to grow up feeling like they are accepted and part of the picture. (I love the Junot Diaz quote about reflection: “if you want to make a human being into a monster, deny them, at the cultural level, any reflection of themselves.”) I would have loved to be able to show my kids a good Sesame Street video about being autistic, but it’s not here.
Where they went wrong: a breakdown
As I said, I watched all the videos and read all of the articles and looked at a few of the Daily Routine Cards on the Sesame Street site. Throughout all of their material, they use “person first language” or PFL (person with autism, so-and-so has autism) rather than “identity first language” or IFL (autistic person, so-and-so is autistic) despite the fact that most autistic people prefer IFL. With that, they didn’t even attempt balance. PFL happens to be a total deal breaker for me.
Even if I could swallow PFL, there was plenty else that bothered me throughout the Sesame Street site. I’m going piece by piece to explain exactly what the problems are because I know that the uninitiated might not see what is “wrong” with this stuff at first glance, but I hope that if you are one of those, after reading this you’ll consider another point of view.
The Amazing Song
“The Amazing Song” was all right, and one of the few things on the site that I put in the “would show my kids” category. It wasn’t great but it wasn’t terrible, which is the highest praise I can give anything here. I love the footage of happy flapping autistic kids and the message that “we are all just kids and we all want to play.” The message of othering is not as prominent here but it’s still present in the lyrics “it’s harder to reach out as others do/ but when you just look closer you’ll see amazingness show through.” Whose point of view does this represent? In the second line it’s clearly the neurotypical person as the default narrator, just as it is in ALL of the material on Sesame Street. Even this song speaks to neurotypical children as the default audience and excludes autistic children. Bummer.
We’re Amazing 1,2,3
This digital storybook is the only place where Julia the autistic muppet appears, as a cartoon drawing. And yet, the book is told entirely from Elmo’s point of view, as he explains the things that Julia does and feels. Given the creative freedom of a fictional cartoon storybook, how is it that even in this format the autistic person can not be the narrator of their own story? Sure, most children are not autistic, but is that a good reason to sideline autistic children into always being the object of the story and never the subject? Sesame Street could, and really really should, do better than that.
Benny’s Story
Benny’s Story is a short cartoon and it is just okay. Aside from using PFL, it uses some positive language about being autistic. But Benny is really separate from the other kids and is never shown belonging to the group. It’s true that autistic kids like playing alone sometimes, but what about when they don’t? This video seems to emphasize being different a little too much. However, it is the ONE video told from an autistic point of view, albeit an autistic cartoon resembling a clothespin with a face. So, there’s that.
Thomas’s Story
This live action video about an 8 year old named Thomas had some great moments – showing how Thomas appreciates the little details of his environment, showing him using AAC to communicate, showing how he uses a service animal on outings.
But the bad moments were really bad, and I think are likely to trigger PTSD in some autistic adults who might watch this video. The worst bits were when Thomas’s dad keeps yanking him down by a leash at his waist when Thomas gets excited around the Abby muppet – I think this leash’s main purpose is to keep Thomas connected to his service dog, but the dad uses it for unnecessary restraints and that’s disturbing. Can you imagine a Sesame Street video where a parent claps his hand over his child’s mouth when the child starts speaking too loudly? – that’s more or less the equivalent of what Thomas’s dad does to forcefully quiet Thomas’s body language. After that, Thomas’s dad corrects how Thomas hugs Abby by taking his arms and moving them to do a hug the “right” way, which is also just yuck. And I wasn’t crazy about having the camera intrude on Thomas’s alone time when he said he needed a break.
But the larger problem with Thomas’s story is that it is told about Thomas by neurotypical people (and muppet). It’s very othering. Thomas has the ability to communicate through AAC; at the end of the video he gets a chance to chat with the muppet Abby, and he has a little back and forth with her. This could have been the main narrative, and should have.
A Sibling Story
Aagh! I just about jumping out of my skin seeing Yusenia’s sisters help physically restrain her so that her parents could brush her teeth and hair. Later in the video we see Jaslyn, one of the sisters, prompt Yusenia to stay calm when she excitedly goes to hug Abby the muppet. This video was aimed at kids but I would never it show it to mine, or really, anyone. Coercion and physical force are not normal parts of an autistic kid’s life.
Being a Supportive Parent
A video aimed at parents, this one featured Yusenia’s dad talking about supporting his wife because in raising an autistic child, “there’s probably not a day that’s not stressful.” (As opposed to life raising typical children, which is nothing but unicorn farts and rainbows from sunup to sundown, right?) The worst part of this one was when they showed footage of a very unhappy looking Yusenia at her 6th birthday party, the first year when she was able to blow out her birthday candle, after years of therapy. The dad is crying as he recounts this milestone, describing her as “typical fingers in her ears, zoning things out,” concluding with “it took her six years of her life to blow out a candle,” which is so dismissive and self-centered and, honestly, anti-autistic, that I just… You know, Yusenia is not sticking her fingers in her ears to ruin YOUR experience of her birthday party, dad, she is doing it to cope with the noise and basically put up with everyone else imposing their preferences on hers, so, get a clue.
Family and Friends
Family and Friends is a story geared toward parents and told by two women who have been friends for years, and now have kids who play together all the time. One of the kids is autistic. I would probably show this to an adult neurotypical friend. It was not terrible and I liked some of the one mom’s statements about battling stigma: “I don’t want to ‘sell’ him to anybody, like, ‘he’s autistic, but….'” Still, given that Louie can be heard conversing with various people in the background of the video, I do not understand why he wasn’t allowed to tell any of his own story. It would have been great to hear a 6 year old autistic boy tell us about his life and his friendships, but as far as I can tell, he wasn’t even asked.
Nasaiah’s Day
This video about a 4 year old autistic kid could probably make my “would show the kids” list but I would have to explain to them that, no, Nasaiah does NOT have to learn to look people in the eye. (Eye contact is a neurotypical social convention but if it makes a child uncomfortable, he should not have to do it any more than wheelchair users should have to “learn” to climb the stairs on foot.) Other than that this was pretty cute and I loved his singing clip with Abby in the end. More like that, please!
Meeting Unique Needs
Here Nasaiah’s mom just talks about her frustrations in raising an autistic kid. Bummer, they seemed nice in the other one. I did not need to see this.
Family Time with Grover
This video was just so odd, I don’t know how to describe it. A lot of it is video of Grover with twin autistic boys and their older neurotypical sister, but that’s intercut with the parents talking about their kids and their parenting strategies, so I don’t know if it’s for kids or for parents. It wasn’t horrible but it was just more of talking ABOUT autistic kids rather than WITH them.
A Parent’s Role
This is a CLASSIC parent complaining video. It’s all about Dad and how hard his life is. “The challenges for me… You don’t get to do what other dads do… [Louie] doesn’t say I love you… It’s tough handling the stress… It’s very stressful and draining on [my wife]…” And then he ends with “it’s been a blessing.”
I’m going to say something I know is controversial, but parents’ complaints about how hard it is to raise an autistic child do NOT need to always be shown. They don’t need to be part of every conversation about being autistic. Parenting is hard sometimes, yes. But this narrative of suffering only strengthens the stigma that autistic people face in the world. It helps NO ONE. Not even the person complaining. And certainly not their child.
Can you imagine Sesame Street making videos of parents of typical children complaining about how difficult it is to raise their kids? Can you imagine Sesame Street doing this with parents of kids with other disabilities? Somehow it is unique to autism that the “parents’ lives are hard” story must ALWAYS be included. It really does not have to be included. There is a time and place to talk about how hard parenting your autistic kids can be, and it’s the same place you talk about how hard parenting your typical kids can be, how hard your marriage can be, how hard your friendships can be – privately, with trusted friends and family.
Read More
There were 6 short informational articles, 5 of them for adults, all of them for neurotypical people about how to interact with autistic children and/or their parents. “Being a Friend” for kids was pretty nice but it was totally geared toward neurotypical kids. There is NOTHING here for autistic kids. They are just erased. This tells me that Sesame Street does not think their feelings and experiences really matter. They never do tell their own stories and they never are addressed directly by the materials here. It’s all about autistic kids, but it’s not for them.
Daily Routine Cards
Slightly misnamed, these are short social stories about everyday tasks like getting ready in the morning and crossing the street. They work for any young child as reminders and/or “what to expect” stories. They’re the only thing here that actually include autistic children as the part of the audience. So… meh.
The Bad Outweighs the Good
I’m an idealist but I do have a pragmatic streak. I know that massive social changes take time, and autism acceptance is no exception. Is Sesame Street a step forward? I would actually say yes, but only insofar as it is an opportunity to talk more, publicly, about how far we still have to go. It would advance nothing to say “Oh, Sesame Street has an autism initiative. At least it’s something, we’ll take it, let’s not throw stones.” Nope. Throwing stones is also a needed step in order to move autism acceptance forward.
These are my stones. This website is not good. There’s too much that’s bad tipping the scales toward ableism and stigma. I hope Sesame Street listens. I think they can still fix this. Go back to the drawing board (literally and figuratively) with Julia, scrap everything else. Yep, scrap it. You made an autistic muppet, awesome. I love that she does happy flapping and loves to sing. Make her a real muppet. Make her part of the Sesame Street family. Let her talk instead of just talking about her. Let autistic kids see their reflection in her and feel that they are real people too, not monsters. Let them tell their own stories. Sesame Street has always known how to let kids be kids and they can do it again, and they can start now.
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October 23, 2015 March 19, 2020 theeisforerin Tagged actuallyautistic, advocacy, autism, autistic rights, neurodiveristy, sesame street 159 Comments
159 thoughts on “Not In Love With Julia”
charliejenny
October 23, 2015 at 5:48 pm Reply
Reblogged this on blindhorsegirl and commented:
Getting the feelings about this
LikeLike
professorperry
October 23, 2015 at 5:51 pm Reply
This is outstanding. Thank you so much for your time and detailed analysis of all the materials.
LikeLiked by 1 person
waggermama
October 24, 2015 at 3:08 am Reply
This. Thank you
LikeLiked by 1 person
Kronisk
October 23, 2015 at 5:55 pm Reply
No acknowledgement that adults can be autistic, too, I will wager.
Why are they doing this to us? What the hell did we do to them?
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The_L
October 27, 2015 at 3:08 pm Reply
I think it’s a case of “hleping.” They want to help, but they either don’t know or don’t care enough to do it right.
I do think Julia is a great idea, but we should have more stories from her POV. “We’re Amazing, 1, 2, 3!” is pretty decent for helping NT folks remove the stigma around autism (which is a major concern, because garbage like this is happening among the antivaxx crowd), but not really good for actually autistic people.
As an adult who’s had ADHD her entire life (not the same thing, I know), this feels more like “How to put up with those people” rather than “What autistic people are like.” I’ve heard the ADHD version from my parents, and now I’m hearing the autism version from Sesame Street. What a letdown.
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Caiha
October 29, 2015 at 1:30 pm Reply
Oh you hadn’t heard? We cease to exist the moment we turn 18…
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JustMe
March 24, 2017 at 10:40 pm
According to my insurance company that’s at 25. At least I shouldn’t need medication anymore at that point.
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kategladstone
November 10, 2015 at 12:43 pm Reply
“What the hell did we do to them?” I’ll TELL you what we did to them … we existed: while not tripping their “fellow human” detectors.
This is my hypothesis, based on decades of observation:
People without autism have (or at least _behave_ as if they have) a finely-tuned and highly-specific “human being detectors/interaction manager” software/hardware package.
A non-autistic’s neurological hardware/software suite is fine-tuned to recognize and respond to similar hardware/software in other life-forms.
It’s like having a savant talent, but for people instead of numbers —
— THE CATCH: the “people savant/people detector ” software (that runs a non-autistic’s interaction) doesn’t operate unless it processes the other human being[s] in the interaction as actual PEOPLE. And … the way the software/hardware package detects whether someone is “people” is by detecting the presence — or absence — of the “people detector” software.
Neurotypical meets neurotypical: each person’s “people detector” detects the other person; each person “processes” the other person as “human being present”; interaction proceeds.
Autistic meets autistic: no “people detection” software routine; interaction proceeds on other bases.
Neurotypical meets autistic: neurotypical’s “people software” FAILS to detect corresponding “people software” in autistic; neurotypical’s software tells the neurotypical’s subconscious : “Warning! Warning! Human being ABSENT!” and subconsciously the neurotypical DOES NOT treat the autistic as human, because the autistic failed the “human detection” test (by not having the same software/hardware package that the test consists of & is built to look for). The autistic, not depending on the same software test, is prepared to treat the neurotypical as human … and does not understand being treated as non-human in return.
The only way I know to get considered human, by a life-form running the neurotypical “human detection” package, is to unremittingly persuade the neurotypical to consciously ignore how his/her software package is screaming at him/her to process me as not-quite-human and/or not-quite-present. (It may be no coincidence that one of THE most frequent was in which non-autistics describe autistics is to say “He/She is just not ‘all there.'” I believe this is more than just an idiom: something within the neurotypical, quite likely, evaluates us as not REALLY present because we are not registering on their built-in ‘detection kit’ for detecting whether something that LOOKS human really IS human. We are human, but we don’t have the particular configuration that the software kit is programmed to search for … so we register as anything BUT “human and present.”)
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charliejenny
October 23, 2015 at 5:56 pm Reply
Thank you for posting this. I am Autistic, I don’t have Autism. As someone who regularly had a hand put over their mouth growing up I get the comparison. If my mother herself (no longer speaking) she would complain just like these parents. Blindness, and other physical disabilities understand that isn’t the child’s choice to be the way they are. But when it comes to Autism, ADHD, and other brain disabilities parents don’t get it. I also saw this with a friend who was higher functioning, but had fetal alcohol syndrome. They insisted that if he would have just tried harder he would have been “normal”. Not seeing that was his normal. My Autistic normal is my Autistic normal. Not anyone else is.
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Neville Ross
January 15, 2016 at 3:48 am Reply
Love you, and what you just said. I’m an Aspie, and have had the same crap happen to me for years, except, the system has failed me, and at 47, I have no idea of what to do with my life.
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Neville Ross
January 29, 2016 at 2:35 pm Reply
@charliejenny; It’s not just parents that don’t understand, it’s everybody else that doesn’t understand, too. Nobody seems to want to give a frack about understanding autism at all, in particular Aspergers, and so, all of the bullshit that bedevils our lives as autistics happens because nobody understands what we are or how we do things.
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Sonia
April 11, 2016 at 5:43 am
I wouldn’t put all parents in the same boat. my son is 5 I found out he was autistic when he was 3 1/2 I read everything I could get my hands on to understand autism. I felt my son’s pain when I left my son at daycare full of neuro typical toddlers. Workers keeping him away from other kids while he played by himself. Kindergarten is starting in September and I am really worried that his teacher won’t understand him,won’t be able to see when he is getting overwhelmed, why he throws himself to the ground when he doesn’t want to go potty. It’s probably naive of me to believe in a world where all children are treated equally, it’s so much easier to judge than to understand. sometimes all they need to make their lives easier is a comforting word or a hug.
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Nana
October 23, 2015 at 7:11 pm Reply
Thank you so much for the thorough review. Sounds like there’s a lot here that I won’t be wasting my kids’ or my own time on. I had high hopes for this, but I’m not too surprised. Definitely disappointing.
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Rose
October 24, 2015 at 7:57 pm Reply
Oddly, while I actually agree with everything in this article, I still really appreciate what Sesame Street is doing. I think what it comes down to is everyone is different, every family is different, there is no way Sesame Street can please everyone when it comes to autism. But… It can help promote understanding and acceptance and I think that’s great.
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The_L
October 27, 2015 at 3:10 pm
I sent an email to their “See Amazing” program, indicating that Julia’s POV should also be incorporated, so that autistic kids are reassured that their stories and perspectives matter.
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bunnyhopscotch
October 23, 2015 at 10:38 pm Reply
Reblogged this on bunnyhopscotch and commented:
A very well articulated and balanced review of the ‘sensational’ new character in Sesame Street. Thank you! And yes, I am autistic; no, I do not ‘have autism’!
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Carla
October 24, 2015 at 1:37 am Reply
This article is so well written and an education for Anyone who reads it. I hope the right people do so!
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yasik16milion
October 24, 2015 at 2:23 am Reply
I agree. I also serched for signing to their newsletter, and surprise,surprise!
You can submit as health care provider/educator OR as a family member. Autistic people? Nope.
I liked the storybook and the song, but the rest was quite meh, and the site wasn’t built really well – but it was not bad.
I was really disappointed with the fact that where was nothing for autistic children. And the rutine cards was quite dissapointing too. They showed the kids as very passsive, and not really participating in things. When I was that age, I really liked participating in things, and the kids are just so… passive. It is ok, some kids are, but I wanted some diversity.
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soniaboue
October 24, 2015 at 3:12 am Reply
Amazingly thorough and well articulated, thoughtful review. Thank you for the critical thinking!
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Heather Clark
October 24, 2015 at 5:19 am Reply
Thank you Erin. I completely agree with your analysis of the content. I too wanted to share this with my children but nope. It isn’t for them apparently. The PFL ruined even the decent stuff.
Also, though the boycott kicked down the door for ASAN and other more balanced partners, we were excluded from participating in the content reviews, which is a shame. The boycotters are particularly sensitive to the very errors that Sesame made, and would have been excellent at confronting the issues.
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Melis
October 24, 2015 at 8:01 am Reply
Thank you so much for putting my thoughts into words. I’ve been sharing this post on every single FB post that mentions Julia. And have had a lot of positive feedback. It still amazes me that issues that are so obvious to me, as an Autistic, needs to be pointed out to those who are not. It has certainly made people think. Here’s looking forward to the day when Sesame Street sets things right, including making Julia a real muppet.
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kategladstone
March 23, 2017 at 2:49 pm Reply
Julia becomes a real Muppet on April 10, 2017 — https://www.bing.com/search?q=julia+sesame+april&form=APIPA1&PC=APPD
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kategladstone
March 23, 2017 at 2:51 pm
Actually, April 20th; I’m a bad typist.
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Wendy Vorpahl
October 24, 2015 at 8:22 am Reply
I disagree about your stance on ‘We’re Amazing 1-2-3.’ I think having the story told by Elmo makes it easier for kids to embrace the idea of being friends with autistic children if they see ‘one of their own’ (and by the end of the story it was two of their own) having a great friendship with someone on the autism spectrum.
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theeisforerin
October 24, 2015 at 9:15 am Author Reply
But autistic kids are kids, too. Why can’t they have a story about themselves? There are tons of books for typical kids already.
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clara b (@clarabellum)
October 26, 2015 at 1:14 pm
I mean, I feel like they’re doing a good thing here (there are tons of books for typical kids, but how many are about being a friend to autistic kids? not enough IMO). But I agree — creating something FOR autistic kids should have been a higher priority.
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Laura Meyer
October 24, 2015 at 9:14 am Reply
Yes yes yes! This is everything I thought about the site as well. It is not up to Sesame Street’s established standards and it is not FOR the kids. Autistic kids need their own voice.
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Kids MD
October 24, 2015 at 10:28 am Reply
http://groundedparents.com/2015/10/23/anti-vax-sesame-street/
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bpbqueen
October 24, 2015 at 11:38 am Reply
Thank you so much! My husband is autistic and he also felt off about this story but couldn’t express it in a way I could understand (which really isn’t his job). I also felt it was off as it didn’t show her side of things but I really wanted to understand where my husband was coming from. Sharing this article with my husband and having him say every few minutes while reading it “yes, oh my god, yes” really, really means so much to me. As his wife I want to understand where he is coming from so that I can communicate better with him. You helped me so much to understand this issue and to understand him. A million thanks for a beautifully written piece!
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Talon
October 24, 2015 at 1:09 pm Reply
Thank you. Thank you so much, as an autistic parent raising an autistic daughter. I only made it through Thomas’ story, so seriously. Thank you for watching and reading and giving honest and detailed feedback about what was good (very little) and what was lacking (A REALLY FUCKTON OF STUFF).
I confess…I blew it off when Sesame Street announced this basically because…that’s usually NOT how they do things like that. They introduce new characters, but never make such a huge deal out of it. It felt…not right to me, from the beginning.
I’m 41 years old and it really does make me sad and disappointed to be let down by Sesame Street, as ridiculous as it sounds.
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haddayr
October 24, 2015 at 2:02 pm Reply
Thank you SO MUCH for watching all this crap so that we don’t have to. This in particular really REALLY spoke to me (maybe I should say that I am not autistic but my son is):
“Can you imagine Sesame Street making videos of parents of typical children complaining about how difficult it is to raise their kids? Can you imagine Sesame Street doing this with parents of kids with other disabilities? Somehow it is unique to autism that the “parents’ lives are hard” story must ALWAYS be included. It really does not have to be included. There is a time and place to talk about how hard parenting your autistic kids can be, and it’s the same place you talk about how hard parenting your typical kids can be, how hard your marriage can be, how hard your friendships can be – privately, with trusted friends and family.”
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haddayr
October 24, 2015 at 2:03 pm Reply
Reblogged this on Haddayr Copley-Woods and commented:
She watched this so we wouldn’t have to. I was encouraged by their partner organizations, so I am disappointed. I especially call your attention to this: “Can you imagine Sesame Street making videos of parents of typical children complaining about how difficult it is to raise their kids? Can you imagine Sesame Street doing this with parents of kids with other disabilities? Somehow it is unique to autism that the “parents’ lives are hard” story must ALWAYS be included. It really does not have to be included. There is a time and place to talk about how hard parenting your autistic kids can be, and it’s the same place you talk about how hard parenting your typical kids can be, how hard your marriage can be, how hard your friendships can be – privately, with trusted friends and family.”
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Casey
October 24, 2015 at 2:04 pm Reply
I agree with your overall analysis of the new site. However, I think I you are examining it from the perspective of someone who is EDUCATED and FAMILIAR with Autism.
I am an SLP graduate student and prior to earning my bachelor’s degree I only had a slight understanding of what Autism was. This site would have been GREAT for me as a teen who only ever had minimal contact with a person with Autism.
As for referring to “autistic children” as “children with Autism” or “Thomas has Autism”…They are using the correct, “professional” way to refer to children with Autism, because saying “autistic kids” then allows that and that alone define them. Yes, however, in reality it is not the way we identify someone as having Autism in everyday conversation.
With that said, I can see where the creators behind this are coming from. They’re aiming to raise Autism awareness. When first learning about Autism, it would be confusing for the general public to only be exposed only to Thomas communicating with his AAC device. While it is wonderful that he is communicating, he does not yet and may not ever have the mastery to narrate an entire video segment.
I commend Sesame Street for taking a step in the right direction. Was it perfect? No. But they are directing this toward introducing Autism to neurotypical children and adults. It is laying important groundwork for the future.
I predict the creators will add in more videos and storylines with Julia narrating in the future, once neurotypical children have developed an understanding of what Autism is and different communication styles.
Yes, it does cater toward neurotypical children, which is unfair and may initially seem disheartening, but I am not discouraged by all this. Hopefully in the future, Julia will be made into a puppet. In order to make a great change, small steps must first be taken.
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theeisforerin
October 24, 2015 at 2:27 pm Author Reply
Yes, I am educated and familiar with autism – that’s why my voice, and other voices like mine, need to be a bigger part of projects like this. “Awareness campaigns” are useless if they are based on misinformation and if they perpetuate stigma against the populations for which they are raising awareness. Another thing to think about is that awareness campaigns are generally used to raise awareness and funds to cure diseases… which is exactly why they are not suitable to autism, which is NOT a disease and does NOT need to be cured even if it could be, which it can’t.
Person first language is indeed the standard among professionals, but that does not mean it is correct. The correct terminology is the terminology that is preferred by the people you are talking about, and most autistic people prefer identity first language. Most, but not all; so I would have settled for a mix of both on SS, but they chose to use PFL exclusively, which tells me who their initiative is for: not autistic people. And I don’t buy the argument that calling myself autistic means that alone defies me; I also call myself a woman, a wife, a mother, and none of those things are the ONLY thing that defines me, yet I’m allowed to call myself those words.
I agree that small steps must be taken, and criticism is an important step too.
If it seems I’m being harsh with you, just know that yours is one of the few dissenting opinions I’ve let through my moderation software, because you at least disagreed with me respectfully, and I appreciate that.
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Rose
October 25, 2015 at 7:37 pm
Perhaps one of the good things that will come out of the Sesame Street series is more discourse like this. Before having children, I worked in special education. We were taught to say, a child had autism. Having an autistic son of my own and knowing all the other autistic people in our immediate community, I have to say my autistic son and autistic people because it is so clear being autistic is as much a part of who they are. If my son was not autistic, he would not be the amazing, wonderful, human being he is. His strengths and challenges would be completely different strengths and challenges. He wouldn’t be doing the things with his life that he is, he’d be someone else altogether. Any I love who he is. I wouldn’t want him to be someone else. My heart would break if he were suddenly someone else.
I’ve read more anger coming from people who feel that Sesame Street is normalizing autism and not acknowledging the pain it causes families and autistic people themselves. My reponse to those people is, given that autism isn’t something that can be cured, the best thing that could happen is for people to have more understanding and acceptance of autism. If what Sesame Street is doing and if conversations like these lead to more understanding and acceptance, that’s a good thing. Whether it’s the high functioning child who is picked on in school and suicidal over not having friends or the parent who is afraid take their child out in public because of the judgements they get about their child’s behavior, or the low functioning child who is being forced to conform by parents and schools who are trying to make them fit in… Understanding and acceptance could make everyone’s life so much better.
Thank you for encouraging people to share in this kind of discourse.
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bbshepherd
October 24, 2015 at 2:16 pm Reply
Reblogged this on Lost and Found and commented:
Excellent analysis. Thank you for articulating the issues so clearly. Some of us have trouble doing that. Reblogged.
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Sophie
October 24, 2015 at 2:22 pm Reply
Thank you for this analysis. It’s really excellent work.
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peeraction
October 24, 2015 at 3:16 pm Reply
In truth people with all types of disabilities have parents who suffer bravely and then steal our voices. Great post! I appreciate the explanation of PLF and ILF,
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Melissa
October 24, 2015 at 5:02 pm Reply
I think it would be great for Sesame Street writers to hear this perspective. Have you considered contacting them with this?
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theeisforerin
October 24, 2015 at 5:03 pm Author Reply
Thanks! Yes, I have commented through their site and am also mailing a printed essay and cover letter to their address in New York.
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Ashley
October 24, 2015 at 9:46 pm Reply
I appreciate this article and point of view very much. I saw the video and some of the content on their site and found it somehow unsettling but couldn’t put words to why. You’ve explained this very well. Thank you!
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mtstrecker
October 24, 2015 at 9:46 pm Reply
I was disappointed with Sesame Street’s initiative too.
I was hoping for something that would make it easier to educate friends, family, and loved ones who are sometimes confused by the behaviors of my autistic children. I was especially hoping that it would give me a tool to address questions from their elementary school children. Kids that age have an inexhaustible supply of curiosity, – but I am often at a loss to provide them with a meaningful explanation.
Can you give me any advice or point me in the direction of resources or existing material that covers this? I wish I knew how to condense my feelings and understanding of my children into something easily communicated.
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theeisforerin
October 24, 2015 at 10:20 pm Author Reply
I really don’t think there is too much out there yet for kids. I actually am working on writing and illustrating a book for all ages that would serve this purpose. Reviewing Sesame Street materials was also good research for me and got me thinking about ways to revise my draft, specifically to tell the story from an autistic point of view even though the audience will be neurodiverse.
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thecaffeinatedautistic
October 26, 2015 at 1:58 pm
The best kid friendly book that I can think of is “I Love Being My Own Autistic Self” by Landon Bryce. It’s not an educational book per se but it’s really the best thing I can think of that exists to help educate non autistic kids about autism (and adults too!)
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kategladstone
October 30, 2015 at 3:39 pm
I want to read your book, Erin, when it comes out. Is there a mailing list for it?
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theeisforerin
October 30, 2015 at 5:54 pm Author
It’s still very much in draft form. I’ll post about it here when it’s ready. 🙂
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Joan Rupram
October 25, 2015 at 8:37 am Reply
I enjoyed reading your strong critical thoughts and I learned a lot, I had to share. thank you.
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Genna Cleod
October 25, 2015 at 11:45 am Reply
Great analysis, thank you! Have you seen the episode of Arthur with Carl? Curious to hear your thoughts on that. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsmjwHW40ps
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theeisforerin
October 25, 2015 at 3:10 pm Author Reply
I like the strange planet sequence, though it would have been better if it was told by the autistic uncle himself.
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wakingcanary
October 25, 2015 at 2:10 pm Reply
Reblogged this on hereirawr and commented:
Great review of Sesame Street’s new approach to autism (Julia, the new muppet, website materials, stories and videos). It needs some significant work to truly be empowering to spectrum kids. Excellent breakdown, all they need to do is follow her advice…
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mel
October 25, 2015 at 3:37 pm Reply
While I do find some of your thoughts and opinions agreeable, such as the I have autism instead of is autistic, and that they need content for autistic kids not just about autistic kids, I do see their point also. The set out to create a website or page about autism acceptance and to inform parents and NT children about autistic kids. I wish some people in the community would go to this site and watch some of the videos.(show some to their kids) I wish the people who stare at my child and point at him or say “what’s wrong with him” when he is overstimulated and flapping or verbally ticking would use this site to see that their are children out there that do these things but that they are just children and they are amazing and special just like all children are. I wish people would ask instead of “what’s wrong with him?”, why does he do that or is there something he needs”. I know I would love a chance to have a conversation sometimes about his amazing mind and self instead of the pointing and starring. I also realize it would have been amazing to get the childs point of view but I also realize that sometimes this isn’t always possible. So I do agree with some of the things you don’t like but I also think this is a step in the right direction.
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theeisforerin
October 25, 2015 at 3:45 pm Author Reply
I hear you.
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Nasaiah's Mom
October 25, 2015 at 5:12 pm Reply
Erin, I typically do not respond to articles on this Sesame Street initiative however, yours struck a cord with me. I totally agree with you about PFL. That said, I feel the need to make it clear that I was by no means complaining about my ” frustrations in raising an autistic kid” as you so “knowingly” put it. I was however asked if there were ever difficult moments (of which there are many) on MY journey with MY kid and to give an example of such…..I’m sorry if that somehow doesn’t make me a nice person in your book. But then again you don’t really know ME–bummer! Moreover, since when is someone sharing their own personal experience automatically complaining or letting out frustrations? Why cant it be just that…….sharing?! And for the record Nasaiah is free to make eye contact whenever he chooses in our family. Like you said he shouldn’t have to and with us he does not have to!
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theeisforerin
October 25, 2015 at 5:20 pm Author Reply
I thought your family seemed accepting and encouraging in the family footage. It’s really great to know that Nasaiah does not have to make eye contact. It sounds like Sesame Street workshop chose to present your family in a certain way (talking about learning eye contact and the challenges of raising autistic children, even the use of PFL) that do not necessarily reflect the way you really are. I stand by my criticism of the videos but you’ve made me realize that I could have been more careful about critiquing the people in them. I know that the media lens can be distorting even in documentary style productions but I did not hold that in my mind as I was watching and then reviewing. All my best to you.
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K
October 25, 2015 at 5:57 pm Reply
Thanks for watching this so I don’t have to.
And for putting up with the condesplaining in the comments so I don’t have to.
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Chelsea
October 25, 2015 at 9:53 pm Reply
Thank you so much for this. I was really hoping SS would do well with Julia, but it sounds like they have a long way to go. It’s so hard to tell about peoples’ intentions on edited video, so it makes me wonder how much prompting and editing was involved in the videos of parents who were complaining about their kids. Whatever the situation, the videos shouldn’t have been presented that way. Like you said, it’s hard to raise kids. All kids.
My cousin, who is 9, is autistic and speaks very little. He communicates mostly through sounds and hand flapping, makes little eye contact, and hugs without wrapping his arms around me (sometimes he doesn’t want to hug at all.) I have been fortunate to know other autistic people who each experience it differently, so that has helped me understand where he’s coming from. If other family members try to make him hug me “correctly,” I tell him that his hugs are great. I want him to know that I’m trying to show him respect as best I can, without him being able to always verbalize what makes him comfortable or uncomfortable. I’m trying to pay attention to the other ways he communicates, and learn his language.
I have to say, though, as someone who has been considered a person with special needs, as someone who has always been taught that my illnesses and conditions don’t define me as a person, and as someone who has used both PFL and IFL to describe myself (but PFL first in reference to others out of an attempt at respect,) the light bulb about PFL and autistic people didn’t go off for me until very recently. Most of the autistic people I know and have known are either too young (and/or I was too young,) or don’t speak enough for me to have had that conversation with them before. I’d mostly heard neurotypical people describing autistic people as “people with autism.” So, I wasn’t aware until recently that most autistic people prefer IFL. I still know that it’s always best to ask the kind of language someone prefers when I can, but I won’t always be able to do that, so that’s good to know. Autism creates such a unique experience, so it makes complete sense. Personally, I’ve always preferred to call myself epileptic, but a person with anxiety/depression/fibromyalgia/heart issues, etc., so I understand the various reasons different people with the same health-related issues have for wanting to use different kinds of language at different times. I just didn’t have the opportunity to learn, specifically, about how that language relates to autism. I’m so glad I know now. I hope Sesame Street gets on board, too.
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Susan Edelman
October 26, 2015 at 8:16 am Reply
your critiques are well founded and I appreciate the efforts and insights. However, in this day when neighbors want autistic children labelled as “neighborhood nuisances” and internet trolls immediately latch onto developmental disabilities as the reason for mass murderers, I’m happy that Sesame Street is at least trying to educate the next generation to be kinder and more inclusive.
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Amton
October 26, 2015 at 9:18 am Reply
Although I agree with you with a majority of things on here. There is a huge issue I also have, I understand you like to be called autistic rather than make it out to have a “disease” there are a million other diagnoses out there that doesn’t have such a nice way to put it. My daughter has ACC it’s often misdiagnosed as autism so I seriously relate with the autistic community as I go through almost all of the same struggles. I can’t say my daughter is acc-ic I have to say she has acc, to say anyone has anything should not be an issue. We want everyone to be accepted regardless of what they are or have. Why is it so horrible to say you have autism. As a special needs community we should all stick together and that community also includes children with diseases. Our message should be to be accepting of everyone why is everyone so focused on that, there’s much more to talk about here.
As for the rest of the article, I completely agree. They are making her out to be different from “typical” kids, instead of focusing on that ALL kids are diff typical or not.
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theeisforerin
October 26, 2015 at 9:40 am Author Reply
Hi Amton, I object to pathologizing language about autism because it is not a disease, it’s a normal human neurological variant (albeit a disabling one), and attempts to treat or cure one’s basic neurology can be both dangerous, and hinder acceptance. However, I totally see your point that I should be careful of making chronic illness out to be an “other” and be mindful of the broader disability community… People who do have chronic illness also need acceptance and understanding.
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Katherine
October 26, 2015 at 10:16 am Reply
As the parent of an autistic child, I don’t agree completely with what you’ve said above, but I think it’s good that you are communicating your take so that Sesame Street (and other organizations) can take it into consideration. It is very hard to create any initiative that would suit everyone, though, and personally I really enjoyed the storybook because I was looking at it from the perspective of what my daughter’s future friends will take away from it – namely, that an autistic child’s behaviour is different, not wrong or bad or unfriendly.
I do have one concern about addressing the PFL/IFL issue, and I’d love to hear your response to this. I think it’s a bit unfair to critique an organization for choosing to use PFL in a campaign specifically dedicated to communicating to kids that autistic kids are kids like them – that’s pretty well the definition of person-first. I know many older autistic kids and autistic adults express a preference for IFL, but that’s surely not universal. If you have a group that prefers one and a group that prefers the other, how do we appropriately represent both sides? This is an honest question that I’ve struggled with several times since my daughter was diagnosed last year. (She’s not old enough to express a preference; when she does, I will honour her choice.) What’s your take on how to choose what language to use when you have a large community that doesn’t have a consensus about what terminology is preferred.
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theeisforerin
October 26, 2015 at 11:03 am Author Reply
Thanks for asking Katherine – even though I strongly favor IFL, it would have been reasonable to mix the two throughout the site. That’s what many platforms do when they have a broad audience. In my view, the word “autistic” only has a stigma if we stigmatize it and avoid using it. It doesn’t say everything about me, but neither does “woman,” “mother,” “blogger,” all words that no one seems to mind me calling myself. Because they are neutral or positive. The same way I (and many others) see the word “autistic.”
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Katherine
October 26, 2015 at 11:33 am
Thanks for your response! I’d agree that mixing terminology sounds like the best compromise to incorporate all preferences. Hopefully Sesame Street and other organizations will keep possibilities like that in mind as they develop more resources.
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susan
November 1, 2015 at 10:35 am Reply
what are PFL and IFL?
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theeisforerin
November 1, 2015 at 10:49 am Author
PFL = Person First Language, IFL = Identity First Language
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kategladstone
November 1, 2015 at 11:05 am
“PFL” abbreviates “person-first language,”
which refers to phrases such as
“person with _______”
or “person who has _______ ”
or “person who is living with ______ [autism, blindness, dyslexia, left-handedness, youth, giftedness, or other characteristic of some humans] ”
“IFL” abbreviates “identity-first language,” which refers to phrases constructed instead in the normal English way:
e.g., “gifted child” rather than “child with giftedness” —
“Jewish neighbors” rather than “neighbors with Judaism” —
— or “autistic person” rather than “person with autism.”
Although I strongly prefer the second way of expression, I equally strongly reject the descriptor “identity-first language” (IFL) for it — because my identity is NOT any of the ways in which I am like someone else.
Instead, I think of this more natural way of using the language (IFL) as “Inclusion-First Language” — being INCLUDED in the human race by having our characteristics described in the normal English way, like anyone else’s characteristics. (I’m not a “person with autism” for the same reason that I am not “a person with Americanism” or “a person with Judaism” or “a person with femaleness, giftedness, heterosexuality, and brunettism.”)
For the same reason, I think of “PFL” as in fact being “Pointing Finger Language” — constantly pointing a finger at the trait that’s being stigmatized and set apart. (Think of how you’d feel if others called you “a person with [maleness/femaleness, Americanism/Canadianism/Mexicanism, etc.”]
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Kmarie
October 26, 2015 at 11:38 am Reply
THANK YOU! I could not find any Autistic’s blogging about this when I wrote mine…and to be honest I didn’t watch every segment for my review because I felt overwhelmed…I tried to stay positive because it was way more positive than Autism Speaks…but who are we kidding- that should not be the bar I put positive experiences up to! So If you don’t mind I added your review to the top of my post as its everything I wanted to say and couldn’t ( though I did cover the birthday candle thing exclusively) Oh man the leash! I forgot about that video and it REALLY bothered me! Thank you for writing this…Please send it to Sesame street in the contact us form if possible? They need to hear other Autistic Voices!
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theeisforerin
October 26, 2015 at 11:44 am Author Reply
Yes, I did send it to Sesame Street too. 🙂
I read your post, and wanted to tell you that I found out “Benny’s Story” was not only animated by autistic artists, the story itself was written by an autistic man. So that probably explains why it was the most relatable and the only one told from an autistic point of view.
I also agree with you about birthdays in general, and I have read a few other autistic bloggers who’ve said the same. 🙂
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Kmarie
October 27, 2015 at 1:09 am
yes that is probably why we related more…I think because I am not on Facebook I am not as well connected to the greater autistic community to hear about these things- like other bloggers feelings on birthdays! ( though I am friends with cynthia and Sam…and have three good autistic friends outside of my family) but I would love to follow more blogs and am adding yours to my list as I had not discovered it prior to my friend sending it…and I love what you have to say!
I am so glad u sent this to sesame street too:)
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kategladstone
November 1, 2015 at 12:38 pm Reply
Sesame Street has set up an e-mail hot-line _just_ for taking comments on the autism project: it’s [email protected]
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Haley Brown
October 28, 2015 at 4:28 am Reply
Fantastic article. Thank you so much for your specificity and thoughtfulness. I love your perspective. I’d be so curious to know whether Sesame Street gets back to you! Anyway, thank you again.
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Jonelle
October 29, 2015 at 3:36 am Reply
Sesame Street has always gone above and beyond with childhood education and entertainment. When watching Barney I would see a gap between his costume and feet and think to myself that this is something Sesame Street would never have overlooked. They have always taken the care and tact to make quality children’s shows and not insult parents with half-assed programming focused on a profit. While I can understand that they have maybe missed the mark on Autism a bit, I applaud them for being pioneers. They are speaking to the majority of children who are not Autistic on how to understand and accept differences in their peers. Yes, no two kids are alike and that doesn’t change with Autism. No two children with autism are alike. Julia is not a stereotype. She is a unique, individual- diagnosed with Autism. As a parent of a child who is not Autistic, and as a parent who preaches acceptance and love, I think this book can be so beneficial of acceptance and understanding. I don’t think Sesame Street is saying this is what all children with Autism are like. I think it’s saying Julia is not like other kids, she has a name for why that is, it happens to be Autism ( which is a word you have maybe heard before) and we are patient and loving with her as we are with anyone else. I hope sincerely that I haven’t offended anyone. I am speaking out as a mom in favor of peer support for autistic children. I am in favor and I think if we can let down our guard a bit we will see that the world is changing in a good way. Maybe it’s off, (I’m ignorant) but a step in the right direction.
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Kim
October 29, 2015 at 6:00 am Reply
I think you missed the point. Your multiple complaints about it written from the neurotypical view or for the neortypical reader is the point! That’s exactly what they meant to do. The initiative is to inform the neurotypical world of some of the basic about kids with autism . So society as a whole- beginning with children. Can start learning about how autism manifests itself in people and children with the end result being the kids with autism are better understood by society and one day not be “the weird kid” or the bullied kid.
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theeisforerin
October 29, 2015 at 2:49 pm Author Reply
I think “you missed the point” is an extremely condescending way of disagreeing with someone. I did not miss the point, rather, I think the point is wrong. Can you imagine Sesame Street having a “racial initiative” or a page called “Sesame Street and Race” where white people explained to a white audience what non-white people are “like?” Autistic people can speak for themselves, whether by talking or by other ways of communicating.
As for bullying, it is not the job of autistic people to “not be the bullied kid.” That’s like saying we should stop sexual assault by telling women not to wear short skirts. It’s up to bullies to stop hurting other people: http://davehingsburger.blogspot.ca/2015/10/the-answer-to-answer.html?m=1
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Talon
October 29, 2015 at 4:13 pm
I wish there was a way to “like” comments here…so so many I just want to respond to with a “Yes, yes THAT!!” But it would be unnecessarily repetitive, and I feel disrespectful to your space and so I refrain.
This comment and your reply I could not refrain from. Better you reply than me, and better I should simply say, “Yes. This.”
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Dar
October 29, 2015 at 3:15 pm Reply
Thank you for the wealth of info! Found your article and blog on Twitter and linked to it from our own blog. I really appreciate you taking the time to review all this material and share your impressions with us!
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kategladstone
October 29, 2015 at 7:20 pm Reply
Here is how to reach a SESAME STREET employee who works on their autism project and is a self-proclaimed “autism daddy” married to an “autism mommy” —
[email protected]
He blogs as “Frank the Autism Daddy” — I don’t know his surname.
His Facebook page and blog (favorites of “autism parents”) are:
https://www.facebook.com/AutismDaddy
http://autism-daddy.blogspot.com/p/about-me.html
So send those e-mails, Facebook comments/messages, and blog-comments!
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kategladstone
October 29, 2015 at 7:41 pm Reply
I’ve done a little more digging, and have unearthed his full name —
Frank Campagna —
and his LinkedIn account —
https://www.linkedin.com/pub/frank-campagna/4/21a/b68
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jozie
October 30, 2015 at 8:22 am Reply
I don’t want to detract from the debate in these comments, but the media refers to the muppet as a “muppet with autism” rather than an “autistic muppet” for a reason. When you say an “autistic child,” or a “disabled child,” you are defining those children by their mental or physical state – not by the fact that they’re children. In this case, as the muppet is representing a child with autism, it’s important that you adopt that language instead.
It’s not just about PC, it’s about dehumanizing. Something to keep in mind, especially in a blog that calls out ableism. What’s important to you – that a child (or muppet) is autistic first, or that he or she is a CHILD first?
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theeisforerin
October 30, 2015 at 11:49 am Author Reply
It seems as though you did not actually read my post, because I did briefly explain why I use identity first language, which is preferred by most autistic people. But if you don’t want to take my word for it, read this excellent posts:
http://musingsofanaspie.com/2014/06/18/the-logical-fallacy-of-person-first-language/
http://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/i-am-disabled-on-identity-first-versus-people-first-language/
http://www.autistichoya.com/2011/08/significance-of-semantics-person-first.html
http://www.autistichoya.com/2011/11/identity-and-hypocrisy-second-argument.html
https://unstrangemind.wordpress.com/2015/04/10/i-is-for-identity-first-language/
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kategladstone
October 30, 2015 at 12:46 pm
Sending a letter to the above e-address does, immediately, get a form letter back — which is more than I’ve ever gotten from writing to SESAME executives/staffers or from using their site’s “Contact Us” page. So, someone MAY be reading what we write to [email protected] …
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kategladstone
October 30, 2015 at 12:49 pm Reply
Jozie — the day I call myself, or anyone, a “person with autism” will be the same day I call myself “a person with heterosexuality, Judaism, Americanism, and femaleness.” Do I have to call you a “person with femaleness” to see that you are a person?
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kategladstone
October 30, 2015 at 12:54 pm Reply
Fun(ny) fact about “person first” — when you say “person with autism,” the loudest word is “autism.” When you say “autistic person,” the loudest word is “person.”
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kategladstone
November 1, 2015 at 11:02 pm Reply
Jozie —
It is disturbing to me that you believe you wouldn’t remember an autistic child is a child unless you changed his adjective to a prepositional phrase. What does this say about your perceptions?
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Jared Dunton
October 30, 2015 at 10:20 am Reply
Here’s an idea: how about we turn the tables? We have all of this media, showing how difficult it is for neurotypical people to deal with autistic people… so, how about we do the same thing, but in reverse? You know, instead of media showing how “hard” it is for neurotypical people to have to “put up with” autistic people being “awkward,” how about we show how hard it is for autistic people to deal with neurotypical people always trying to assimilate us and impose everything they want upon us? We can show some of the struggles that autistic people go through, and how insulting and terrible it is for our struggles to be represented in the way that Sesame Street tried, with the power of parody!
Like this example from my own life, turned into a parody: I’d just be minding my own business, reading a book, drawing, surfing the web, talking online (I have some speech difficulties, so talking online is kind of the only voice I have) with friends and/or discussing ideas with people I meet online, contemplating to myself about formal science or figuring out how to improve on the methods of Jungian psychoanalysis to better account for non-neurotypical people like myself, or something else. Then, some neurotypical people would come along: maybe some guy repeatedly shouting “SPOOOORTS” at the top of his lungs, or a bunch of people repeating the same phrases over and over again in a conversation about a topic so banal and vacuous that it’s basically an excuse for them to hear their own voices, and they’d all intrude on my life, interrupting what I’m doing and insisting that I’m doing something wrong, or that I’m less of a person, or that I’m somehow bothering them, simply because I’m not bending over backwards to conform to what they want. Then, it would cut to me in one in a segment in the style of the “complaining videos” mentioned in the blog post, and I’d talk (either through text, or maybe an actor playing me or something) about how hard it is for me as someone who has to deal with neurotypical people.
It could even go after the idea that autistic people have poor social skills and an inability to read non-verbal cues, by pointing out how the neurotypical people misinterpret or otherwise are unable to read the social cues I show. You know, like pausing what I’m doing for a couple of seconds to look up at them with an expression that’s either halfway between “poker face” and “grumpy cat,” or otherwise just glaring at them, before going back to what I’m doing; the times I’ll say “meh” or otherwise grunt in a disinterested manner, which will get more intense and laborious every time, until I’m eventually doing a perfect impression of a wookie with throat cancer; the wincing I make when one of them speaks in a way that’s extremely patronizing to me, as if they’re talking to a kindergartner; and otherwise showing absolutely no interest or excitement at the idea of becoming one of them.
(Obviously, I know that a lot of autistic people want to make friends and associate with others, and struggle to do so, and my example doesn’t show that; as such, a parody of this sort would have to include examples of that, as well. As a person with high-functioning autism myself, I would like to connect with others, and I struggle to do so; however, I also know that there’s a difference between “forcible associating with people you can’t stand” and “having friends,” and I’m pretty comfortable with the friends I have already.)
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kategladstone
November 1, 2015 at 12:42 pm Reply
My own “turning the tables” practice is (and has long been) to refer to non-autistics as “people without autism”: especially when I’m speaking directly to them, and ESPECIALLY when I know that the ones I’m speaking to are people who prefer/demand PFL (which they call “Person-First Language” and I call “Pointing-Finger Language).
After all, if they think calling me a “person with autism” equals respect, they can have no objection to me calling any of them a “person without autism” ..l
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kategladstone
March 21, 2017 at 12:15 am
For this reason, I was particularly pleased — and you, “900 Windows” might be, too — by the fact that the puppeteer who animates Julia calls non-autistic kids “kids without autism” … and the puppeteer is the mother of an autistic boy, it so happens. She calls neurotypical kids “kids without autism” in this interview: http://www.cbsnews.com/news/julia-sesame-street-new-muppet-autism/
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kategladstone
October 30, 2015 at 11:31 am Reply
SESAME STREET’s office staff has let me know that the autism project now has an e-mail address specifically to receive comments/complaints/etc. about the autism project — [email protected]
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theeisforerin
October 30, 2015 at 11:38 am Author Reply
Thank you!
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Talon
October 30, 2015 at 11:39 am Reply
That’s pretty awesome!! I’ve seen your relentless hunt for answers to the questions and concerns that autistic people have in regards to this Sesame Street initiative!!
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kategladstone
October 30, 2015 at 12:50 pm
Sending a letter to the above e-address does, immediately, get a form letter back — which is more than I’ve ever gotten from writing to SESAME executives/staffers or from using their site’s “Contact Us” page. So, someone MAY be reading what we write to [email protected] …
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kategladstone
October 30, 2015 at 1:28 pm Reply
Does anyone else here find an unfortunate “hidden curriculum” implication in Julia’s not being allowed to move into a neighborhood (Sesame Street) whose community standards have long been adequately met by someone who lives in a garbage can?
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theeisforerin
October 30, 2015 at 1:29 pm Author Reply
Even Big Bird’s imaginary friend got to have an actual body and live on the Street.
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kategladstone
October 30, 2015 at 2:44 pm
Interestingly, the reason that SESAME’s producers eventually decided to make Snuffleupagus be real (and therefore “believed in” by the neighbors, not just by Big Bird) was that SESAME’s producers found out that Big Bird’s failure to get others to believe in Snuffleupagus had been accidentally teaching children that they, too, wouldn’t believed if they had anything unusual and/or important to tell. So … what lessons are kids learning when they read a book about a character (Julia) who is only ever real INSIDE JUST THAT ONE BOOK that’s about people misunderstanding her? In the book, she’s in the neighborhood (having problems that other people have to solve) — but everywhere else in SESAME-world, she simply isn’t. It is as if people like Julia are only ever allowed to be real whenever others are using them as a lesson in kindness.
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Neville Ross
January 29, 2016 at 6:33 pm Reply
@kategladstone-I think that we as autistics need to write Autism Daddy as well, and tell him that he’s full of it and that he needs to change how he sees his child and others who are autistic, Whether or not he’ll listen to us, is debatable at best, but at least we can try.
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kategladstone
October 30, 2015 at 1:54 pm Reply
And you can bet that:
/a/
the next autism conference you attend WILL have a “See the Amazing” booth, manned by staffers cooing about how inclusive this all is,
and
/b/ one of those staffers will be under a six-foot-tall Julia costume.
It would probably be interesting and educational for people to go up to Julia and ask her where she lives on Sesame Street, and other questions of that sort, in the hearing of her booth-staffers and of the multitudinous visitors and passers-by. If I undertook to do this, I would be as polite as polite can be — not loud, not nasty, but clearly audible. It would be wondrous to hear how “See the Amazing” people (including whoever got picked to wear the Julia costume) answered pertinent questions with (for example) small children present.
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kategladstone
October 30, 2015 at 8:30 pm Reply
/1/
Great response (below) from SESAME’s Jeanette Betancourt — who now, please note, writes “autistic children”!
She wrote this to me after a couple of my Autism Society contacts (Scott Badesch and Michael Leaver, who share my concerns) visited her and, apparently, mentioned the letters they knew I’d written her and other SESAME executives.
[Note: below, I’ve trimmed sign-offs — hers and mine — to save space. I’ve also snipped out my original letter, as it was long & simply summarized, with credit where due, the points made here & elsewhere.]
———- Forwarded message ———-
From: Betancourt, Jeanette
Date: Friday, October 30, 2015
Subject: Julia, “See the Amazing,” and your request to “hear from the autistic community.”
To: “[email protected]”
Dear Ms. Gladstone and Mr. Harber,
Thank you for your correspondence to several of us at Sesame Workshop. Scott Badesch and Michael Leaver were kind enough to share your concerns with us as well. We are grateful that you reviewed the initiative and each of the components, and sent us such thoughtful feedback. Your insights and recommendations are extremely helpful as we consider additional components or activities around this initiative. As we proceed, we want to make every effort to demonstrate the diversity of the autism community. We highly value our partnership with the Autism Society and other partners, as well as input from the community. All of this will to continue to guide us in how to have the greatest impact, especially for young autistic children and their families.
Respectfully,
Dr. Jeanette Betancourt
/2/
For the sake of completeness: my response to Dr. Betancourt …
———- Forwarded message ———-
From: Kate Gladstone
Date: Friday, October 30, 2015
Subject: RE: Julia, “See the Amazing,” and your request to “hear from the autistic community.”
To: “Betancourt, Jeanette”
Thank you for your reply! My husband thanks you too! (By the way, his surname is spelled “Haber” — rhymes with “neighbor” — not “Harber.”)
It was good to see a response — and I thank you for recognizing, and using, the increasingly chosen language of more and more autistics (“autistic children/adults/people/etc.” rather than “people/adults/children with autism”).
I look forward to seeing Julia, and others in this project, fully included in SESAME STREET — and telling their own stories. Your response lets me trust that this is being worked on.
/3/ Her welcome response to that:
———- Forwarded message ———-
From: Betancourt, Jeanette
Date: Friday, October 30, 2015
Subject: RE: Julia, “See the Amazing,” and your request to “hear from the autistic community.”
To: “[email protected]”
Dear Ms. Gladstone and Mr. Haber (thank you for the correction),
I appreciate your very kind response and continued guidance.
Regards,
Jeanette
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susan
October 31, 2015 at 9:54 pm Reply
Nasaiah shouldn’t have had to make eye contact, you say. I add to that that Thomas shouldn’t have to do high fives on cue. IT bothered me a lot that his father was so disgusted when he didn’t.
People are weird about autism. I am 58 and recently my psychiatrist told me I might be autistic, but at my age and with my particular characteristics I’ve figured out how to cope well enough that it’s not worth pursuing unless i really want to. I mentioned this on Facebook, thinking it was no big deal. a friend of decades was so hateful about it that i have stopped talkign to her-calling me an attention seeking liar and sayign almost all autistic people with autism are nonverbal tantrum throwers and even the “pleasant and nice” verbal ones can’t live alone without supervision. Apparently all the autistic people she admits to knowing are nonverbal and dependent on their parents as adults, and she can’t admit it’s not universal.She ripped into a couple of my Aspie friends too, and seriously hurt the feelings of at least one of them.
so confusing.
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theeisforerin
October 31, 2015 at 10:00 pm Author Reply
I’m sorry you had that experience Susan. I wish I could say it’s uncommon, but, well… It happens a lot. People do seem to have a lot of fear and anger around autism. And I agree with you about the high fives, too.
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susan
November 1, 2015 at 10:11 am
My take on the book:
Elmo: This is Julia. She’s a pathetic freak, but I like her anyway, cause I’m nice.
Abby: I’m glad you’re here to be her interpreter or I wouldn’t be able to like Julia.
Julia: I don’t like noise.
Elmo: Julia doesn’t like noise.
Abby: Thanks for explaining Elmo. I didn’t know what she meant.
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kategladstone
November 1, 2015 at 4:11 pm
My judgment of the book is similar to Susan’s.
However, I am giving time for the SESAME STREET staff to act on the written promise of their vice-president (Jeanette Betancourt) to think through the comments I sent her — she calls these comments “thoughtful feedback,” and her letter uses “autistic person” (which I call Inclusion-First Language, for reasons such as I’ve explained earlier in this thread). Therefore, I am allowing time to see if they act on her promise.
We should know what, if any, improvements will have been made by the time the next ASAnstionsl,conference opens (July 2016). Since the most recent conference (July 2015) already had a SESAME STREET booth with a poster telling us to “stay tuned for the ‘See the Amazing’ autism project later this year” , I’m betting that 2016 will see /a/ an actress in a Julia suit talking to people & giving autographs, /b/ a Julia Muppet on the show, AND /c/ a GREAT improvement over the existing materials. If /a/, /b/, and/or /c/ haven’t happened by then, or have happened in derogatory ways (e.g., not having Julia on TV, or not letting her do/say anything on her own beyond the usual,”pitiful freak” scripts for representing autistics in media), then I will definitely resume complaints — I’ll also resume complaints if anything derogatory, or otherwise irrational and wrong-headed, comes out from SESAME before that time.
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kategladstone
November 1, 2015 at 11:20 am Reply
Erin, you occasionally misspell a tag for this posting (and the URL for that tag) by typing “neurodiveristy” instead of “neurodiversity” — you may want to do a global search-and-replace” throughout your site.
Speaking of terms: I often see “neurotypical” used as the opposite of “autistic” — this is a problem (of imprecision) because there are non-autistic people who are still not neurotypical (e.g., a non-autistic may be dyslexic). Because of this, what do You think of calling non-autistics (who may or may not be neurotypical in any way) simply “non-autistics” or (my preferred choice) “people without autism”? (I like that one because it amazingly “wakes up” such people when they themselves are called that: suddenly, they understand why “person with_____” language is NOT respectful, but is in fact “Pointing Finger” Language.)
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theeisforerin
November 1, 2015 at 11:28 am Author Reply
Thanks for the head up on typos, I frequently transcribe letters when I type, and since spell check does not recognize “neurodiversity,” misspellings slip through.
I agree with you on “non-autistics” for most conversations about neurodiversity etc. I consciously used neurotypical through out this blog post because I feel it is that monolithic dominant majority that is represented by SSW’s materials. Their target audience appears to me to be neurotypical, and they appear to use a neurotypical viewpoint to explain autism to that audience. That’s my perception anyway, but I appreciate you drawing those distinctions for anyone still reading the comments!
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kategladstone
November 1, 2015 at 12:48 pm
It is possible to teach new words to your spell-checker. The exact method differs across systems, so ask around.
As I’ve said somewhere, “non-autistic” works well — but, when the other person throws a hissy-fit if you classify yourself as anything BUT a “person with autism,” turn the tables — call him/her (usually it’s a “her”) a “person without autism” for the rest of the conversation … or even kick it up a few notches, and call him/her a “person with non-autism/person with neurotypicality”!
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kategladstone
November 1, 2015 at 4:21 pm Reply
I see that, these past three days, there is almost NO new media release-stuff or other news about Julia or “See the Amazing”!
The ONLY new bit of autism/Julia news that came up on Google or Bing during the past three days was one Maine newspaper’s recent syndicated word-for-word copy of the press-release that National Public Radio ran about a week ago.
This MAY mean that SESAME STREET is re-thinking and re-designing the project — in my experience with publicity campaigns, when a just-launched project very suddenly goes from “intense long-lasting media blast” to “suddenly nothing new,” literally overnight, this very often means that the entire project is being quietly redesigned (as a result of public complaint or other documentably bad response) before the people in charge take it any further.
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kategladstone
November 7, 2015 at 9:16 pm Reply
Spread this far and wide.
It turns out that SESAME created Julia at the suggestion of staff at The Barber Institute (http://www.barberinstitute.org), a “behavioral health” school for autistic and intellectually disabled kids:
http://www.erienewsnow.com/story/30458839/barber-institute-sesame-street-create-new-character-with-autism
Note that at least one of the kids at the school is quoted in the news-etory
And here’s video of a Barber Institute staffer reading the Julia story to the Barber Institute kids:
http://www.twcnews.com/nys/buffalo/news/2015/10/24/sesame-street–autism–julia–see-amazing.html
Comments? (Note that both news-sites include comment-spaces, and the Barber Institute site has a contact-link.)
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Every1Games (@Every1Games)
November 10, 2015 at 10:39 am Reply
Thank you Erin! and everyone. I was struggling to find the words, to say what I wanted to say about Sesame Street and you helped me. You are an important part of the conversation, please take a look at my response to Sesame Streets resources and your blog :). http://every1games.ca/see-5-amazing-strategies-to-change-ableist-culture/
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kategladstone
November 10, 2015 at 11:52 am Reply
Does “ableist” mean “preferring ability to inability”? If so, I don’t regard “ableism” as wrong — in fact, I see it as correct and important and worth caring about. If I’m wrong on this — if I’m wrong, for instance, in preferring ability to inability — please show me how I am wrong.
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theeisforerin
November 10, 2015 at 11:56 am Author
No, ableism means bigotry and discrimination against disabled people.
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kategladstone
November 10, 2015 at 3:09 pm Reply
When I encounter many of the things that people say and write against “ableism,” a lot of what they’re calling out as “bigotry” appears, to me, undeserving of that. For instance, the first time I encountered the term “ableism” was in a conversation with a student whose mother had asked me to help get started with a foreign language over summer vacation, because this language was required at the school the student was transferring to When the student complained that I had given her less than 100% on an assignment, the mother complained that I was being “bigoted by reason of ableism” because I wasn’t willing to “equalize things” by giving full credit for incorrect work, including incomprehensible work.
The following link is to another situation (much later, in adult life, among fellow autistics) in which one fellow autistic denounced me for similar reasons: to help me understand any possible “ableist” bigotry issues involved here, I’d like your take on the matter — https://autisticsaware.wordpress.com/2011/11/03/pails-to-the-radio/
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kategladstone
November 10, 2015 at 8:06 pm Reply
SESAME STREET’s Jeanette Betancourt’s most recent letter to me (a couple of days ago) states that they are looking for a voice actress to voice Julia. In other words, Julia WILL speak for herself — her voice WILL be heard — and this makes it more than likely that she WILL tell her own story, and WILL be on the TV show. Stay tuned …
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Phil - abpathfinder.com
January 5, 2016 at 2:22 am Reply
Wow…what a complete and thorough explanation. Thanks for discussing this, it is something which become my concern too. In fact, I do hope that Sesame Street will read this and do some changes with the story.
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kategladstone
January 5, 2016 at 6:43 pm Reply
The day after this weep-page started, I contacted the staff at SESAME STREET, asked them to read it, and told them a few of the reasons. The one who answered that request is high up on the team that designed the project, and she has since been carefully and sympathetically reading this page, as well as readying my following e-mails directing her to other autistics’ blogs addressing the same and similar issues. I can’t tell you more, except that she says she has learned a lot from this reading & that she advises is to stay tuned to see what happens with Julia …
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Amber
February 27, 2016 at 6:37 pm Reply
I completely agree with every statement you said.
I like what Sesame Street is doing however they need to read this article and learn that this is what should’ve happened.
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kategladstone
February 27, 2016 at 7:24 pm Reply
I have referred — emphatically — a SESAME STREET executive to this article, and to the comments it continues to spur. This began a conversation between the exec and me, by e-mail, which has continued for several months, and which continues still. The conversation, at the exc’s request, must remain confidential — but I strongly suggest that anyone who is (rightly!) concerned about SESAME STREET’s false steps should continue to read the SESAME STREET Autism Initiative site in 2017 and in future years. I wouldn’t rule out tuning into the TV program sooner or later, too.
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kategladstone
March 31, 2016 at 12:31 pm Reply
There are new videos and other things on the SESAME autism site. In this one, autistic adults tell what they want kids to know about autism: http://autism.sesamestreet.org/videos/want-kids-know/
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Rachel
April 10, 2016 at 2:55 pm Reply
This was brilliant review! My daughter is autistic and I am learning. You are right about the complaining. There should be a time and place for that. I am a single mom and her dad is not in the picture at all but I will be more careful. She is getting ready to turn 3 so I got excited about this but won’t bother with it now. Thank you for writing this!
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theeisforerin
April 10, 2016 at 3:00 pm Author Reply
Hi Rachel! I haven’t reviewed the new material yet but since I wrote this they’ve put out some new videos that are better than the first batch (though the old ones are still there). I like the ones where autistic kids talk about their favorite things and favorite foods. I’ll write up a new review soon. 🙂
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melissaautisticfields
March 20, 2017 at 6:18 pm Reply
Reblogged this on Melissa Fields, Autist and commented:
Because…Sesame Street can do way better than this with Julia. They ned to let Julia talk. Let Julia tell Julia’s story through Julia’s eyes, and not forcing her or any Autistic people, for that matter, to do normal neurotypical, when we are neurodivergent.
Sesame Street, there is nothing wrong with us being Autistic!!
An excellent read, Erin!! This needs to be read and re-read and shared widely!!
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kategladstone
March 20, 2017 at 11:24 pm Reply
I’ve been following the news on Julia — https://www.bing.com/search?q=sesame+street+julia&form=APIPA1&PC=APPD — she’ll be a recurrent character, beginning this April … She will talk … She will express her own thoughts and feelings through her voice and through other means of communication, such as hand-flapping … and these will be accepted as part of what Julia does.
AND she will be described as “autistic.”
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theeisforerin
March 22, 2017 at 9:51 am Author Reply
Thanks Melissa!
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melissaautisticfields
April 17, 2017 at 4:31 pm
You’re welcome, Erin!! ❤ ❤
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jessymum
March 20, 2017 at 9:28 pm Reply
So NOW apparently Julia is becoming a ‘real’ 3D Muppet (airing from April, I think?) … I would love for you to write about how you perceive Sesame Street’s NEW attempt at Julia … See IF they’ve made any improvement (from all the feedback)
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theeisforerin
March 22, 2017 at 9:51 am Author Reply
I will do another review of the new material! I think they have taken in some feedback from autistic people but they still have a ways to go, and they are still running the old problematic material on their website. Stay tuned!
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jenz3977
March 20, 2017 at 9:42 pm Reply
The trouble is, they’ve consulted psychologists, etc like they do for every other “sensitive topic”. What it seems like they HAVEN’T done is consulted anyone in the autistic community. We speak best for ourselves.
And totally with you with the “person-first language”. It makes it too easy for non-autistics to separate the autism from us. It’s an integral part of who we are, not something that can be therapied away, and trained away. Sure, extra help on learning how to interact isn’t a bad thing – but forcing autistics to do stuff that they really really aren’t comfortable with isn’t cool.
Brushing teeth? Sure. Sensory overload at its worst. But it’s something that has to be done for hygiene and health – pinning a person down isn’t the answer, finding ways to make it less uncomfortable is the way to go.
It’s like Sesame Street listened to all the neurotypicals (non-spectrumers) and completely excluded autistic people on what should be included. Or have BOTH included, so we get to see both sides of the coin, so to speak.
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jenz3977
March 20, 2017 at 9:44 pm Reply
and I mean no disrespect to the girl’s family. They probably think they’re doing “all they can”. But there needs to be another way.
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kategladstone
March 21, 2017 at 11:52 pm Reply
*Re:* * “What it seems like they HAVEN’T done is consulted anyone in the autistic community.”* *I’m an autistic woman with whom the project leader, Jeanette, Bethancourt, has regularly consulted since October 2015 when I first addressed her with my many concerns about the project’s content, direction, and sponsorship. *
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theeisforerin
March 22, 2017 at 9:50 am Author Reply
I hear you. They did consult autistic people, mainly via the Autistic Self Advocacy Network, but ASAN was only 1 of 14 consultants on this programming, and the vast majority were neurotypical parents and professionals. I think that bias unfortunately comes through strongly in the content I’ve seen so far.
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jenz3977
March 23, 2017 at 5:26 pm
Sounds about right. It’s like neurotypicals saying “well, terminology should be person-first”, when the majority of “autistic” people prefer autistic over person-with-autism.
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Rebecca Koch
March 20, 2017 at 9:50 pm Reply
I’m 20. We were taught in school to say person with autism. I apologize and I will work to switch to autistic person.
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kategladstone
March 21, 2017 at 11:40 pm Reply
Thanks! (Now I don’t have to try to think of you as “a person with femaleness and youthfulness.”) 😉
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theeisforerin
March 22, 2017 at 9:48 am Author Reply
Thank you for being willing to adjust! No apologies needed, we are all still learning.
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kategladstone
March 21, 2017 at 12:02 am Reply
Apparently, she’ll be more often described as “has autism” than as “autistic.” Maybe some more letter-writing can get them to re-consider: as it got them to re-consider so much else.
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rocklobsterjwt
March 21, 2017 at 6:05 am Reply
She’s joining the cast on April 10, 2017.
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kategladstone
March 21, 2017 at 11:39 pm Reply
On April 20th, actually.
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Uncle Jamie
March 21, 2017 at 9:20 am Reply
I came here after noticing that videos of Sesame Street’s new autistic character had appeared on YouTube’s trending list. I haven’t watched them yet but got interested in the topic as I got my ASC diagnosis a couple of months ago at the age of 38.
I’ll be interested to see if your points have influenced the way that the TV version of the character is portrayed, and would like to thank you for your efforts to communicate some of the subtleties of interaction that the condition engenders.
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theeisforerin
March 22, 2017 at 9:47 am Author Reply
Thanks Jamie. I will post a review of the new material after I see a little more of it.
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Christy Walk
March 21, 2017 at 9:42 am Reply
Reblogged this on christyautisticwalk.
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privatepersonblog
March 23, 2017 at 5:39 pm Reply
I’m autistic and also a natural redhead. A a child and in adolescence I was frequently called offensive names regarding my red hair. Later in life I found my difference wasn’t confined to hair colour…. another label…
It seems that NTs have always disliked people of difference.
Poor Julia has been saddled with another disability.
Unconscious association?
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kategladstone
April 12, 2017 at 12:57 am Reply
Ten minutes of Julia on TV:
http://www.practicalautism.com/2017/04/meet-julia-new-autistic-muppet-on.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+blogspot%2Fdyxfj+%28Raising+Asperger%27s+Kids%29
I love her beautiful red hair, but we MUST contact SESAME STREET about the “has autism” talk.
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kategladstone
April 13, 2017 at 1:34 pm Reply
Remember, anyone needing to wrITE to SESAME about what they see in Julia can use [email protected]
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kategladstone
April 13, 2017 at 4:04 pm Reply
This is an interview with ASAN’s Julia Bascom on her part in creating SESAME’s Julia … and on the area in which she was overruled …
http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2017/04/12/autistic_self_advocacy_network_s_julia_bascom_on_sesame_street_s_new_muppet.html?wpsrc=sh_all_tab_fb_bot
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kategladstone
April 14, 2017 at 10:41 pm Reply
At least one news-medium is referring to Julia as “autistic” rather than “who has autism”: http://www.newsmax.com/t/newsmax/article/783748?keywords=julia-sesame-street-autistic-muppet&year=2017&month=04&date=11&id=783748&aliaspath=%2FManage%2FArticles%2FTemplate-Wire
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1,233 | No one said life would be easy, and sometimes it can really feel like an endless swamp of problems, but ask yourself this: Are you really prepared for a life of happiness?
Can you even imagine an entire day without having something to complain about?
Everyone has their own inner resistance to happiness, an oddly human trait that deserves some close scrutiny.
Despite spending a lot of time and energy striving for happiness, human beings aren’t especially comfortable or skilled at feeling good or being at peace.
School teaches us a lot of things, but there are no high school classes on how to deal with success and happiness.
If you were to take the time to look within and uncover why you resist happiness, the answer would likely be related to fear – a fear of achieving your full potential.
Because here’s the thing: when you become the best you can be, that means there’s no more excuse for why you aren’t making your dreams come true.
This is a fear that must be conquered if you truly want success and happiness. Taking the big leap into a life of happiness requires a great deal of confidence.
So let’s explore the ways you can learn to overcome this fear and start taking the right kinds of risks.
The first technique for breaking the fear barrier is breathing.
Back in the mid-1900s, psychiatrist Fritz Perls developed Gestalt therapy, which recognized that fear is, essentially, a sort of breathless excitement.
With some focused breathing, you can transform that fear into a positive and powerful excitement that can be used to make great things happen.
Let’s say you’re about to take the stage for a performance or to give a speech. The common reaction to a scary situation like this is for our breath to become constricted, which only makes the fear stronger.
But if you take a moment to breathe deeply, you can take control and transform the fear into the powerful energy that lets you take the stage and captivate your audience.
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are you really prepared for the life of happiness?daily real life learningendless swamp of problemsfear is essentially a sort of breathless excitementsfear of achieving your full potentialfirst technique for breaking the fear barrier is breathingGestalt therapygkindshivaniinner resistance to happinesslearner's clubno one said life would be easypeople often resist happinesspower of controlled breathingrequires a great deal of confidenceschool teaches us a lot of thingsstart taking the right kinds of riskstaking a big leap into the life of happinessthere are no classes on how to deal with success and happinessthere's no more excuse why you aren't making your dreams come truetransform your fear into powerful energy rock the stage and captivate your audiencewhen you become the best you can bewith some focused breathing you can transform your fear into positive powerful excitements that can be used to make great things happen
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Convoluted
Meaning: Intricately folded, twisted, or coiled (especially of an argument, story, or sentence) extremely complex and difficult to follow. Synonyms: Complicated, complex, involved, elaborate, serpentine, labyrinthine, tortuous, tangled, Byzantine. In Hindi: जटिल Use: When I fly, I prefer a direct flight not one which takes me on a convoluted journey. My head began to hurt as I […]
Atonal
Meaning: Not written in any key or mode. Synonyms: Discordant, harsh, loud, strident, absonant, acute, blaring, dissonant, blatant, braying, brusque, cacophonous, gruff, squawking, stertorous, unharmonious, husky. In Hindi: अतान Use: I heard a new voice floating above the atonal music. The atmosphere was filled with an eerie, atonal melody.
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"
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1,234 | Never sell yourself short. When Success is concerned, people are measured by the size of their thinking. Greatest human weakness is self deprecation i.e. selling oneself short. Never sell yourself short. You are bigger than you think.
It’s well to know our inabilities as this shows us the areas in which we can make improvements.
The only thing that counts about one’s vocabulary is the effect his words and phrases have on his own and other’s thinking.
We don’t think in words and phrases. We think only in pictures and images. Words are the raw materials of thought.
Big thinkers are specialist in creating positive, forward looking, optimistic pictures in their own minds and in the minds of others. To think big we must use words and phrases which produce big, positive mental images.
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748big thinkersdaily real life learninggkindshivanigreatest human weaknessknow thyselflearner's clubnever sell yourself shortonly thing that countssuccess measuresthe magic of thinking biguse words and phrases that creat big mental picturesyou are bigger than you think
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Convoluted
Meaning: Intricately folded, twisted, or coiled (especially of an argument, story, or sentence) extremely complex and difficult to follow. Synonyms: Complicated, complex, involved, elaborate, serpentine, labyrinthine, tortuous, tangled, Byzantine. In Hindi: जटिल Use: When I fly, I prefer a direct flight not one which takes me on a convoluted journey. My head began to hurt as I […]
Atonal
Meaning: Not written in any key or mode. Synonyms: Discordant, harsh, loud, strident, absonant, acute, blaring, dissonant, blatant, braying, brusque, cacophonous, gruff, squawking, stertorous, unharmonious, husky. In Hindi: अतान Use: I heard a new voice floating above the atonal music. The atmosphere was filled with an eerie, atonal melody.
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1,235 | In other years I would have been in Birmingham this week as it was Digifest, as it happens and not entirely unexpectedly, I find myself at home staring into a webcam instead of standing on a stage and siting down in my chair to watch presentations on a screen. Not quite the same experience, but the coffee was so much better….
I was chairing a series of sessions on the Monday, which was interesting and I had to chair the Q&A, which was challenging in an online environment, as questions were often posted without the context or needed clarification, which resulted in some confusion on the part of the speakers.
Wednesday I was delivering a 30 minute session on the future of digital leadership, in which I stared at my webcam. I have no idea how many people were watching the session, was it a thousand people, or was it just three people.
I have blogged many times in the past about the advantages of an online conference, and of course the main one is that the coffee is so much better.
I do think that this conference missed a trick by not having either a chat function, or a space to discuss the presentations. Yes some of us uses the Twitter, but it’s not quite the same (and it’s public as well).
Now we've hearing about the future of leadership according to @jamesclay. Great that he appears to be presenting without any slides at all. And he's on a pier. #digifest21
— Nick Skelton (@nick_skelton) March 10, 2021
It appeared to go down well with a few comments on the Twitter.
Fantastic talk and answers @jamesclay I am really inspired and motivated about what you have spoke about I need to get more involved I think – thank you for helping me realise this.#Digifest2021 #Digifest21
— Wilson Waffling (@WilsonWaffling) March 10, 2021
The thing is how would I know. It was really hard to get any kind of feedback from the audience, in the main as I couldn’t see them.
Going through an old USB drive and found a funding proposal about using tools such as Jaiku and Twitter with HE students studying in FE Colleges.
The proposed name of the project
Mmm Coffee
Which was an acronym of…
MiCrO blogging For he in FE made Easy
We didn’t get the funding, in case you were interested….
Tried out the transcription feature of Zoom, I love transcription
“yeah yeah you know, yes, so I joined a piggy bank robber host and therefore you’re talking child”
I can’t even remember now what I actually said!
My top tweet this week was this one.
Well not long now until I give my talk at #Digifest21 on the future of digital leadership… pic.twitter.com/a2ewKpxsfY
— James Clay (@jamesclay) March 10, 2021
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assessment, digifest21, weeknotes
A shared understanding – Weeknote #105 – 5th March 2021
March 5, 2021 James Clay Leave a comment
Image by Pavlofox from Pixabay
I started as Head of Higher Education at Jisc on the 1st March 2019. So I have done two years (and a bit), had three line managers, a changing role and, oh yes, a global pandemic.
On Monday I had an excellent conversation with Isabel Lucas from Cumbria about the HEDG meeting I was presenting at, at the end of the week.
I have been sharing internally (and externally) the draft of the Jisc HE Strategy.
Image by Free-Photos from Pixabay
Another post on language, this time from Wonkhe: Why what we mean by “online learning” matters.
As higher education institutions plan for what will happen as we move slowly towards more students being on campus, there is continuing chatter about the form that teaching and learning will take. This includes how best to deliver it and how to communicate what this might look like. In all of this discussion, there has been a proliferation of words like “remote learning”, “digital learning”, and “hybrid learning” – and these terms have largely been taken for granted in respect to their pedagogical nuance. But if the preferred solution to the problems created by the pandemic in the first semester was “blended learning”, as we tumble through a second semester it would appear that the HE sector is beginning to settle on its next term of preference – “online learning”.
We do seem to spend a lot of time discussing what we should call what we do. The article makes the point that this does matter. I disagree slightly what matters is not what it is called, but whatever it is called, we have an agreed and shared understanding of what is means for you, for me and the students. We change the term, but this doesn’t necessarily mean that we change our understanding. I recall having this discussion about the use of the term hybridthat I used in an article to mean responsive and agile, whilst someone else was using the term to describe a mixed approach. Words are important, but shared understanding actually allows us to move forward.
Image by Pexels from Pixabay
Wednesday I joined a panel at the Westminster Education Forum to deliver a session on the future use of technology in assessment.
“The future for England’s exam system – building on best practice from the 2020 series, the role of technology and ensuring qualifications equip young people with the skills to succeed post-18”
I only had five minutes, so not a huge amount of time to reflect on the challenges and possibilities. To think a year ago I would have had to travel to London by train, find the venue and then join the panel in-person. Today, I just switched on the webcam and there I was, did my presentation and then answered a few questions. I didn’t use slides, as there wasn’t always a need to use slides in these kinds of panel sessions and at an in-person event I wouldn’t have used slides.
Of course at a physical in-person event they would have provided lunch, which would then give delegates an opportunity to come and chat about what I had been talking about. That didn’t happen this time. I would say that though using Twitter as a digital back channel at physical in-person events does sometimes work, but people have to be using the Twitter. At edtech events I find a fair few people are , at other kinds of events, not so much.
Image by 小亭 江 from Pixabay
I liked this post from the Independent: I’m tired of hearing that universities are closed – it simply isn’t true
Lecturers are doing all they can during the pandemic to support the myriad different ways in which students learn
It’s not as though the physical campuses are closed, they are open for those courses which require a practical element.
Then again schools are not closed, they are open for the children of key workers, as well as vulnerable children, and staff are working with them and delivering remote teaching to the children at home.
Yes the experience is variable across the country, even across a school, but to keep saying they are closed, doesn’t really tell the whole story.
Image by Rudy and Peter Skitterians from Pixabay
On Thursday I had a really good discussion with a university about digital strategy. How important it is aligned to the main university strategy, but also how it enables that strategy and other strategies as well. If you are in charge of a strategy, how does it enable others, and how do others enable yours?
At the end of the week I was involved in the HEDG meeting and did a presentation on Jisc’s Learning and Teaching Reimagined programme and where Jisc is going next. It was good meeting and the presentation seemed to hit the spot.
I had a planning meeting about a session we’re doing with Advance HE on digital leadership which looks like it will be a really good session.
Looked at the presentation I am doing next week at Digifest on the future of digital leadership, what it is and where we are potentially going.
Favourite HE story of the week was Campus capers, 1970 style from Wonkhe.
Strange things sometimes happen in universities and we’ve reported plenty of them here over the years. From hauntings and strange happenings to animal action and of course true crime events on campus. But this event which recently caught my eye is one of the oddest I’ve noticed lately. It all happened just over half a century ago at Keele University. Those were turbulent times as the world transitioned out of the end of the heady 60s era into a very different decade.
My top tweet this week was this one.
I’m tired of hearing that universities are closed – it simply isn’t true | The Independent https://t.co/Z5h0QU98Ji
— James Clay (@jamesclay) March 3, 2021
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1,238 | Visitors need to hold their noses on approaching Wadi Gaza. Yet it is not the strong smell – resulting from pollution – and the sight of trash that cause the biggest surprises. It is that the area is densely populated.
Wadi Gaza has been recognized by the United Nations as one of the most important coastal wetlands in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin. The valley and its surrounding area have hosted a rich variety of ducks, herons, storks, raptors and flamingos.
More recently, it has become one of the few areas in Gaza where people with modest incomes can afford to buy property.
Suheil Mattar, a blacksmith, lived in eight different houses over a seven-year period, all of which he rented. After looking for a house to buy, he eventually found one in Wadi Gaza.
Mattar bought his four-bedroom house in Wadi Gaza for $13,500, moving to the area last year. He is paying the sum in installments.
An equivalently sized house or apartment – about 120 square meters – would cost $40,000 or more in central Gaza.
“Everyone thought the idea of buying a house in Wadi Gaza to be crazy,” he said. “But it is better than the hell of renting in a more crowded area. The living conditions here are bad, but we have got used to them.”
“Catastrophic”
Coping with the odors from sewage is nonetheless a constant challenge. By buying air fresheners from local spice dealers, Mattar can sometimes block out the bad smells. Overcoming them completely has not been possible.
Snakes present an even bigger problem. During his first few months living in Wadi Gaza, a snake made its way into the living room of his house, terrifying his wife and children.
After that incident, Mattar built a concrete barrier outside the house. “Since then, no snakes have entered the house,” he said.
Some of the estimated 16,500 residents in Wadi Gaza have to endure considerably worse conditions.
For the past four years Eman al-Horany, her unemployed husband and four daughters have lived in a caravan approximately 50 meters from the valley. Aged 44, al-Horany is a Palestinian refugee who fled Syria’s civil war.
Al-Horany describes Wadi Gaza as a “dirty place,” but she has not been able to find accommodation elsewhere.
“We’re always sick and having health problems,” she said. “I lost my voice because of pneumonia and I struggled to find the medicine that would bring my voice back. Every night I wake up to hear my girls cough because of the bad smell.”
The housing situation in Gaza has entered a “catastrophic stage,” according to Maher al-Tabaa, who heads the Gaza Chamber of Commerce.
“Many areas are no longer desirable,” he said. Such areas include some of those where Israel has caused devastation during the three major offensives it has undertaken against Gaza over the past decade, as well as areas near the boundary separating Gaza from Israel.
An additional problem, according to al-Tabaa, is that the refugee camps in Gaza are generally too full for major construction projects to be undertaken within them.
Predictions by the UN that Gaza may not be a “livable place” by 2020 have been widely quoted. Yet many people living in Gaza already have to cope with conditions that would be viewed as intolerable in much of the world.
The sewage treatment plant in Wadi Gaza has not been running properly in the past few years. The large fans that are required during the first phase of sewage treatment have been prevented from operating normally due to electricity shortages.
These shortages have been imposed by Israel and, during 2017, were exacerbated when the Fatah-led Palestinian Authority in the occupied West Bank declined to pay bills for Gaza’s energy amid a row with its rival Hamas.
With treatment made impossible, raw sewage has been flowing through Wadi Gaza towards the sea.
Deterioration
In the past, Wadi Gaza was a natural open body of water coming from Hebron in the occupied West Bank and the Naqab region of historic Palestine. Israel has mostly blocked that water, however, by constructing diversion dams that redirect the water before it reaches Gaza. The result has been that Palestinians have been deprived of water that is instead diverted to Israel.
Under international law, states are forbidden from acting unilaterally to change the flow of water crossing a national border or boundary.
“In the 1970s, the valley was one of the most beautiful places for tourists in Gaza,” said Abdel Rahim al-Yaqoubi, a 56-year-old shepherd who has spent more than three decades in the area. “It had white sand and fresh air.”
Al-Yaqoubi is saddened by the deterioration that has occurred. “Now at the beginning of summer, the bad smell never leaves the place,” he said. “The mosquitoes and the other insects are also here all the time.” | {
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1,239 | The Return Journeys showcase Palestinian art and food. Read more about Asserting rights with poetry and paint | {
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1,240 | - Some products contain small parts. children should always be supervised while wearing our accessories.
Please read all of our shop policies before making any purchase and READ shop announcement for current production times on all orders.
Products are snugly packed in boxes for shipping, to protect their shape. Once received, please gently reshape.
Tag photos on Instagram with @EleinaMayandCO for a chance to be featured on the page <3
*Each of our items are made to order, there may be slight variation in every headband/hair bow made. We do our best to make them picture perfect! | {
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1,241 | When a VFD is employed for starting, a smaller drive can be used. A VFD scheme can be used to start two or more motors sequentially and synchronize them to the line. Unlimited number of starts per hour are allowed. Figure 2a. Motor with Soft Starter Figure 3a. Starting Using a VFD Driven Equipment (Pumps, Compressors) Bypass Contactor Input ...
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How to Wire a VFD |
· Learn the basic wiring of variable frequency drives / VFD with our electrician Steve Quist. In this video, we used the very popular Mitsubishi D700 series VFD, showing single phase and three phase wiring instructions. The VFDs showed in the video are the D720S (230V single phase) and the D720 (230V three phase). We strongly recommend using a certified electrician to set up your VFDs.
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Cycloconverter
This is invaluable with, for example, ball mills, allowing starting with a full load rather than the alternative of having to start the mill with an empty barrel then progressively load it to full capacity. A fully loaded "hard start" for such equipment would essentially be applying full power to a stalled motor. Variable speed and reversing are essential to processes such as hotrolling steel ...
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starting of ball mill with vfd
Vfd Starting Ball Mill Vfd Starting Ball Mill. Variable frequency drive VFD for Chinaware ball mill With the world facing a growing energy crisis because of limited oil reserves and carbon emissions causing global warming China is dedied to optimizing its energy management The problem of energy shortage has been badly hampering the development of the country.
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Ball Mill Using Vfd Drive
vfd for ball mill. The difference between VFD and Soft Starter Variable Frequency Home Products Appliions Contact The difference with Soft Starter vs Variable Frequency Drive VFD is the In other case say the ball mill works at 80 load then choose the VFD the A single variable frequency drive VFD may control 2 or 3 motors at a time multiple. Electric VFD AC70Q Ball Milling Machine VFD ...
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Soft Starter In Industrial Appliions
· Introduction to Soft Starter. An induction motor connected directly to the power supply draws a constant magnetizing current at full speed, no matter what the load is. At anything less than full load, power factor of the induction motor is less than its rated power factor because the torque producing current decreases as the load decreases, but the magnetizing current does not change.
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Startup current of an induction motor when using VFD ...
· With VFD actualy you will have a soft start, the VFD is more sophistied device than a soft starter. If the load is a fan (VFD for HVAC?), then it's even more simple because the load is very small at low rpms, so at the start the all load is basicly the acceleration of rotor and blades inertia, you can set large ramp time slow acceleration and there will be no problems. Share. Cite ...
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Motor Speed Control using VFD and PLC Programming | .
For VFD drive control explanation, we will use setpoint for drive from the PLC (50RPM). PID function will maintain the speed as per setting. According to set point PID will generate output and the VFD drive receives the PLC input and maintains the required motor speed. Here we are considering 420mA signal for VFD drive input (required speed ...
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Motor Horsepower Torque Versus VFD Frequency | Pumps ...
· When the speed of an AC motor is controlled by a VFD, HP or torque will change depending on the change in frequency. Figure 1 provides a graphical illustration of these changes. The X axis is motor speed from 0 to 120 hertz. The Y axis is the percent of HP and torque. At 60 hertz (base motor speed), both HP and torque are at 100 percent.
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What are the Benefits of a VFD? | Wolf Automation
· A VFD starts at zero speed and accelerates smoothly on a customeradjustable ramp. Conversely, an AC motor started "across the line" triggers higher mechanical shock loads both for the motor and mechanically connected load. This shock will, over time, increase the wear and tear not only on the connected load but the AC motor as well. Appliions that include easytotip product, such as ...
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The basics of variable frequency drive installation
· Starting and stopping a motor can be done with three common methods: a motor starter, soft start or variable frequency drive (VFD). As of late, the use of a VFD is becoming more popular than ever due to its claimed efficiency benefits, but be sure it is needed. And, once specified, it must be properly installed to ensure reliable operation. To start, take a step back and be sure you need a VFD ...
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Which to use: Line Reactor/Load Reactor? | Wolf Automation
· "In my opinion, a Load Side reactor is a decent place to start, but ultimately it will not totally protect a motor, it does help but the traditional 6 pulse style PWM wave output of a VFD will still over time traditionally do slow damage to bearings. The next place to start is with a motor that inverter duty rated, then add the AEGIS type bearing protectors that most motor manufactures offer ...
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ABB Drives
DriveStudio is an easy to use software tool designed for use throughout a drive's life cycle from startup, monitoring, to performance tuning. DrivePM . DrivePM (Drive Parameter Manager) is a PC tool for creating and editing parameter sets of variable speed drives to be suitable for FlashDrop unit. DriveConfig . The DriveConfig kit is a new drive configuration tool for ABB component drives ...
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PowerFlex Medium Voltage AC Drives
Synchronous transfer is used for controlled starting and speed control of multiple motors, with one drive. The drive can be used for softstarting large motors to limit inrush current or for speed control of multiple motors, one at a time, as required by your operating conditions. Synchronous transfer helps to limit the mechanical wear and tear ...
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What is a Soft Starter? (For Absolute Beginners)
· There are quite different methods for starting an electric motor such as "Direct On Line (DOL)", "StarDelta", "Auto Transformer", "Primary Resistor", or using solidstate power electronic devices such as "VFD" or "Soft Starter". Every single method has its own specific appliions and benefits.
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Variable Frequency Drive or VFD | Electrical4U
· In the case of conveyors and mills, a VFD and motor system can even provide a "crawl" speed foe maintenance purposes eliminating the need for additional drives. Soft Starting. When Variable Frequency Drives start large motors, the drawbacks associated with large inrush current starting current (winding stress, winding overheating and voltage dip on connected bus) is eliminated. This ...
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Feeds speeds
in conventional milling, the chip is cut from thintothick, so by definition when the flute first comes in contact with the material, it is rubbing the surface a little before it starts actually cutting into the material. This temporary rubbing amounts to heat, so in the long run a conventional cut produces more heat, leading to faster tool wear. Climb milling, since it cuts chips from thick ...
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vfd to drive ball mills
VFD for ball mill. III The advantages of improved ball mill The VFD start is the soft start which has avoided the startup impulse current in the working frequency Meanwhile it will protect the equipment It can operate as the set multistage PLC which is set automatically. Variable frequency AC drive VFD for Chinaware ball mill ...
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SMCFlex Appliion Guide
Figure : Wire Draw Steel Mill Machine with Soft Start ..... 28 Figure : Overload conveyor with Linear Speed and Tack Feedback ..... 29 Figure : Ball Mill with Current Limit Start ..... 210 Chapter 3 Special Appliion Considerations Figure : Protective Module ..... 31 Figure : Power Factor Capacitors ..... 33 Figure : Power Factor Capacitors with Isolation Contactor ...
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Medium Voltage Drives | SINAMICS Electric Drives
After installing the SINAMICS PERFECT HARMONY VFD on their ball mill appliions, the mine owners saw such improvement in their process — and profits! — that they went on to install the drive on three additional appliions as well. They expect these updates to yield similarly high levels of uptime and throughput. Download Case Study; Chillers Las Vegas Hotel Reduces Energy Use with ...
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5 Rules for MotorVFD Compatibility | Industrial Knowledge ...
· 1. If the Motor is preEPAct (1992), it should be run on VFDs only with careful consideration. Motors made during that time were not made for VFD use, but if they are VFD rated, will be okay. Class F insulation or higher is suitable for VFD use, but VFDs may have no more than a .
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How to select Soft starter?
Generally, the soft starter capacity slightly larger than the motor operation current capacity, and increase a step power for some heavy loads, such as: crusher, ball mill, hoist, long belts, mixers, fans, etc. 3) Other aspects, we should consider the protection functions, such as overcurrent, over voltage, single ground fault, upper and lower phase loss, phase unbalance, phase reversal ...
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When do you need a soft starter for an AC motor?
· A soft starter relies on three pairs of SCRs (silicon controlled rectifiers) — one pair for each phase of power — that are applied gradually for portion of each voltage phase, limiting the voltage provided to the motor. In turn, current is reduced proportionally to the reduction in voltage. Torque, however, is proportional to the square of the voltage, so even a small reduction in voltage ...
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What is a Variable Frequency Drive? |
· A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is a type of motor controller that drives an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage supplied to the electric motor. Other names for a VFD are variable speed drive, adjustable speed drive, adjustable frequency drive, AC drive, microdrive, and inverter.. Frequency (or hertz) is directly related to the motor's speed (RPMs).
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What is a Soft Starter? (For Absolute Beginners)
· In this video and article, you will learn what a "Soft Starter" is and how it works in an easytofollow format. There are quite different methods for starting an electric motor such as "Direct On Line (DOL)", "StarDelta", "Auto Transformer", "Primary Resistor", or using solidstate power electronic devices such as " VFD ...
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1,242 | Phosphate. The major activity of RSMML is the mining of Rockphosphate ore. It operates one of the largest and fully mechanised mines in the country at Jhamarkotra, 26 Kms. from Udaipur and Kanpur Group of Mines loed 15 Kms. from Udaipur. In India the economy being predominantly based on agriculture, the fertiliser production plays a pivotal ...
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low grade rock phosphate beneficiation process TON
low grade rock phosphate beneficiation process TON (PDF) Beneficiation of LowGrade Phosphate Deposits by a Phosphate as fertilizer is so essential for agriculture plants growth. Most of the phosphate resources cannot be directly treated due to the low grade of P2O5 and [randpi
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how to make money in mineral beneficiation
Beneficiation Of Phosphate Ore Jhamarkotra. Udaipurs Water Threatened By Indias Largest Reserve Of. Jhamarkotras pollution extends to Udaipur The deep excavation to extract phosphate results in colossal amounts of waste In fact the ratio of waste overburden to phosphate ore extracted in Jhamarkotra is close to 19 times Also groundwater is ...
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Mining And Beneficiation Of Rock Phosphate
Mining And Beneficiation Of Rock Phosphate. Patent WOA1Beneficiation of phosphate rock Beneficiation of Phosphate Rock for the segregation of phosphorus containing ecofriendly and cost effective iv This process of beneficiation of PR ore isGet Price Rock Phosphate Beneficiation Process Cost 2011 Feed Back Uranium Mining OverviewWorld Nuclear Association
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NIOSHTIC2 Publiions Search
As part of its program to increase the domestic availability of critical minerals, the Bureau of Mines conducted characterization and beneficiation studies on a St. Johns County, Florida, phosphate ore that was mined by borehole mining. Results revealed that the ore from this test mine was mostly sandsize carbonatefluorapatite and quartz and contained percent p2o5.
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ore beneficiation process
Phosphate Beneficiation Florida Institute of Phosphate Research Phosphate Beneficiation Background. Definition of " Beneficiation ": This is the second step in the mining process, after removal of the ore from the ground.
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equipment list beneficiation phodsphate mine
Beneficiation Of Phosphate Ore Jhamarkotra. Beneficiation of phosphate ore is a process which includes washing flotation and calcining Froth flotation is used to concentrate the mined ore to rock phosphate The mined ore is crushed and washed creating a slurry this ore slurry is then treated with fatty acids to cause calcium phosphate .
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beneficiation of phosphate ore jhamarkotra
RSMML Beneficiation at Rockphosphate, Jhamarkotra . Large scale mining and processing of phosphate is essential for operating at a profit. In the Florida area, Phosphate Beneficiation by flotation unlocked the door to vast tonnages of ore which in the past could not be recovered by conventional washing methods which saved only the coarser pebble phosphate.
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Iran Beneficiation Phosphate Incorporated
Beneficiation Of Phosphate Ore Jhamarkotra – RSMML – Beneficiation At Rockphosphate, Jhamarkotra Mines. Beneficiation: Looking To The Scarce Rock Phosphate Resources In India, RSMML Has Put Continuous Effort ...
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Electrostatic Beneficiation of Phosphate Ores: Review of ...
Abstract. Beneficiation of phosphate ores by dry electrostatic processes has been attempted by various researchers since the 1940's. The underlying reasons for developing dry processes for phosphate recovery are the limited amount of water in some arid regions, the flotation chemical costs, and the wastewater treatment costs.
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Adhesion abilities and biosorption of Cd and Mg by ...
Sep 10, 2019 · The following values for the number of bacteria that can bind onto 1 g of ore were estimated: pH 10 ~ × 10 10 cells/1 g ore; pH 7 ~ × 10 10 cells/1 g .
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Beneficiation of a Sedimentary Phosphate Ore by a ...
In China, directreverse flotation is proved to be applicable to most phosphate ores. However, because the ratio of froth product is generally high, current directreverse technology faces challenges in terms of high reagent consumptions and cost. A new gravity and flotation combined process has been developed for the recovery of collophanite from sedimentary phosphate ore from the ...
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[PDF] Beneficiation Of Phosphate Ore Free Download Full Books
Beneficiation of Phosphate Ore examines various methods for processing phosphate rock, an important mineral commodity used in the production of phosphoric acid. The majority of phosphoric acid is produced by the wet process, in which phosphate rock is reacted with sulfuric acid to produce phosphoric acid and gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate).
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beneficiation plant rajasthan
Mar 13, 2021 · Beneficiation plant for beneficiation of Low Grade Rock Phosphate. Jhamarkotra Integrated Project is situated 26 km South East of Udaipur, Rajasthan near village Jhamarkotra, Tehsil Girwa in . Get More
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Beneficiation Plant Definition | Law Insider
Udaipur and copy to authorized representative at the Plant Manager, Industrial Beneficiation Plant, Jhamarkotra Mines313015 Distt. The rock phosphate concentrate is produced from the processing of low grade ore in the main process plant in the form of powder at Industrial Beneficiation Plant at Jhamarkotra Mines; district Udaipur in the state ...
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Pushpendra Gaur
Rockphosphate Mine Jhamarkotra. Apr 2010 Present11 years 4 months. Presently associated with the mining contracts department engaged in. execution of the mining contracts engaged for excavation of rock phosphate. ore and removal of overburden.
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Economics of Exploitation Phosphate Ore Wastes
Jul 01, 2018 · During the beneficiation of phosphate ores, huge amounts of oversize phosphate ores are rejected from crushers. This reject mostly contains low P 2 O 5 content and high gangue content. Phosphates are vital nonrenewable resources. The treatment of phosphate ore wastes of ElNasr Mining Company, Sepaeya, Egypt aims to upgrade P >2O5 percent, adds a .
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(PDF) Soap Flotation of Dolomite
Low grade phosphate ore of Jhamarkotra that analyses % P2O5 is upgraded to 34% P2O5 by a two stage flotation process after size reducing the ore to 90% passing through 200mesh using ...
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Mining companies in India | Win Green Mining
,smelting,beneficiation. rajasthan state mines and minerals rajasthan state mines and minerals (rsmml) is in the list of rajasthan's top government mine focuses on specific minerals like lignite,phosphate,gypsum and limestone. rsmml main area is jhamarkotra for rock phosphate ore. gujarat mineral development corporation
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Beneficiation Of Phosphate Ore J
Starting the Essay with a Hook: Hooks for Essay Introduction Beneficiation Of Phosphate Ore J When you get the task to write an essay, professors expect you to follow the specifics of that type of essay. However, regardless of the essay type or the specific requirements of your instructor, each essay should start with a hook.
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rock phosphate ore beneficiation plant sale
rock phosphate ore beneficiation plant sale RSMML Beneficiation at Rockphosphate, Jhamarkotra Mines. From reserves conservation point of view RSMML has put up a beneficiation plant for processing of 9 Lacs MT of lowgrade ore per annum.
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Established in 1987, BIRNITH has had more than 30 years of experience in mining machine industry. So far, BIRNITH has complete R&D, production, sales and service system, becoming a prominent manufacturer in Chinese mining machine industry with the strength to compete with other well-known enterprises worldwide. | {
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1,243 | A desktop version of Elektronika’s MK-36, the MK-45 lacks the combined function F key and instead has all functions in separate key blocks. This microcalculator was produced from 1983 by Eltav (Dagestan) and Electronpribor (Fryazino, Moscow Region) and sold for RUB 85.
The scale on the monitor: 1:1
The case design is the same as the Elektronika MK-44, but the number of keys highlights the difference between the two models.
The device has a vacuum fluorescent display with 14 digits, two of which are always idle. The intent here was to allow the producer to use the existing tried and tested display.
Essentially an engineering calculator, it has separate keys for the Pi number, operations with parentheses and brackets, calculating trigonometric functions and logarithms, and converting degrees into radians and back. These functions were a great help in engineering calculations. | {
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1,244 | Shown in “Africana: Recycling, Myth-making, Alterity” curated by Turf Projects @ Cutlog, New York, Usa, 2013
These are photographic postcards I bought from a collector of classical art from Africa he described as Tribal art. They are from the colonial time ranging from 1890s to 1940s. I felt an urge to give a new story line to these postcards by altering them, thereby reappropriating them and revealing an ‘apparition of the inapparent’ (Derrida) of ‘different moving perspectives’ (Achebe).
Like many of my generation and of European heritage I feel we inherited a colonial past I totally abhor and by morphing and transforming some of the image regime that mediated and even generated a reproduction of inequality, I was exorcising the ghosts of the past, discovering our own complicit position within the image system, while creating a new awareness. Through an aesthetic intervention and transformation of their captions I offer a different gaze, which I feel relates a diverse narrative that challenges the system of power in photographs and archival material.
Original Photographs with Applied Copper, Gold and Silver leaves, White and Luster Paints, Coloured Cotton Hand-Stitches | {
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1,245 | JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser.
We use cookies to make your experience better. To comply with the new e-Privacy directive, we need to ask for your consent to set the cookies. Learn more. | {
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1,246 | Title of program: SPHBES Catalogue Id: ACXM_v1_0 Nature of problem The spherical Bessel function appears in a variety of physical applications, and especially in phase shift analysis. The package SPHBES contains a subroutine to calculate jn(x) and yn(x) for any integer order n and real argument x. The functions jn(x) and yn(x) are produced simultaneously and efficiently. Versions of this program held in the CPC repository in Mendeley Data ACXM_v1_0; SPHBES; 10.1016/0010-4655(78)90019-X This program has been imported from the CPC Program Library held at Queen's University Belfast (1969-2019) | {
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1,247 | Romania: Code Orange and Yellow flood alert issued for 10 river basins till Saturday afternoon Deadly 'suicide bomb' outside Turkish police station US Ambassador James Warlick not to finish mandate, to be replaced by Marcie B. Ries Standard & Poor's downgrades 5 Spanish banks German soldiers remain in Kosovo for another year Putin and Nikolic to meet Saturday at UR congress Markovic opens Book Fair in Thessaloniki, visits Hilandar Average April salary RSD 42,215 NBS intervention slows down drop of dinar
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"Indonesia does not plan to recognize Kosovo"
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"Indonesia does not plan to recognize Kosovo"
30. January 2009. | 15:32 15:33
Source: EMportal, Tanjug
The Indonesian ambassador evaluated that the setting up of the Kosovo Security Force was unnecessary from the point of view of security in the province, and qualified the act as a political move aimed at the establishment of Kosovo as a state.
Indonesian Ambassador to Serbia Mohammad Abduh Dalimunthe told Tanjug on Thursday that his country backed Serbia's sovereignty and territorial integrity and that it did not plan to recognize the independence of Kosovo, assessing that the formation of the Kosovo Security Force (KSF) had been unnecessary.
We have not changed our position and we back UN Security Council Resolution 1244 which guarantees the territorial integrity of Serbia, and we hold that in order to resolve the Kosovo issue, it is necessary to negotiate a peaceful solution which will be acceptable for both sides, Dalimunthe said.
The Indonesian ambassador evaluated that the setting up of the Kosovo Security Force was unnecessary from the point of view of security in the province, and qualified the act as a political move aimed at the establishment of Kosovo as a state.
It is obvious that the goal was that Kosovo be given all the characteristics of a state, he added. In terms of security, this (KSF) is unnecessary, because we already have UNMIK, KFOR and EULEX operating in Kosovo, which can provide all possible guarantees in respect of security, Dalimunthe underlined.
The ambassador reiterated that Indonesia was acquainted with the latest initative of Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremic that the countries which had not recognized Kosovo independence presented their position on the declaration of independence of the southern Serbian province to the International Court of Justice, and added that Jakarta was considering the Serbian proposal.
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World (19. 12. 2010.)
Britain, France, Germany demand EU budget freeze
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Britain, France, Germany demand EU budget freeze
19. December 2010. | 08:34
Source: EUbusiness.com
Three of the European Union's big four states on Saturday demanded a freeze in the EU budget, saying Brussels could not carry on spending more money as countries fight to sort their finances out.
Three of the European Union's big four states on Saturday demanded a freeze in the EU budget, saying Brussels could not carry on spending more money as countries fight to sort their finances out.
Britain, France and Germany, backed up by Finland and the Netherlands, told European Commission president Jose Manuel Barroso there should be a real terms freeze at 2013 levels, as the EU next year begins negotiations for the 2014-2020 period.
The letter, signed by British Prime Minister David Cameron, German Chancellor Angela Merkel and French President Nicolas Sarkozy, along with Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte and his Finnish counterpart Mari Kiviniemi, was released here by Cameron's Downing Street office.
The leaders said the next EU spending round would come as states in the 27-member bloc made "extraordinary efforts to clean up public finances", bringing down debts and deficits to a sustainable level.
The EU finances "cannot be exempt" from such attempts to bring public spending "under control".
"Consistent with this, the commitment appropriations over the next multiannual financial framework should not exceed the 2013 level with a growth rate below the rate of inflation," the letter said, meaning a real terms freeze.
"It is possible to implement ambitious European policies for our citizens if we have a stable volume of spending," the leaders said.
"This calls for a better use of available funds. The challenge for the European Union in the coming years will not be to spend more, but to spend better."
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1,249 | Each Mind Matters is California’s Mental Health Movement. We are millions of individuals and thousands of organizations working to advance mental health. Browse our initiatives, collections and resources to find tools you can use to improve mental health and equality in your community, prevent suicide and promote student mental health. | {
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1,250 | EMPLOYERS BEWARE | Proper Understanding and Management of the Payroll Tax Deferral Is Critical for Businesses - Employer Advantage
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EMPLOYERS BEWARE | Proper Understanding and Management of the Payroll Tax Deferral Is Critical for Businesses
Sep 14, 2020 | Blog
By Lee Allphin, Employer Advantage Founder and Chairman of the Board
Employer Advantage is sharing important information to guide our clients during the Coronavirus pandemic. Please contact us if you would like assistance with any of your Employee Administration and Compliance responsibilities: [email protected] | 800.467.3909
In the absence of any new Coronavirus aid legislation, on September 1, 2020, President Trump’s Executive Order went into effect. This means employers may suspend the withholding of the 6.2% Social Security payroll tax, normally deducted from an employee’s paycheck, for employees earning less than $104,000 per year, from wages paid during September through December 2020.
SNAPSHOT
Payroll Tax Deferral Period: September 1, 2020, through December 31, 2020.
Deadline: Employers must decide before the end of September 2020 if they will participate.
Participation: Employers elect whether or not to participate.
Commitment: An employer that makes the election to defer payroll taxes is locked in through the end of December 2020.
Is the Payroll Tax Deferral a Trojan Horse or True Relief?
The Payroll Tax Deferral is simply that: a deferral, and not forgiveness. This means that any taxes deferred from employee paychecks in 2020 will have to be reimbursed, by the employee, in 2021. This will mean a doubling of employees’ first quarter payroll tax payments. Other potential negative implications for employers are even more complicated.
To understand the significance, we need to review FICA. It stands for the Federal Insurance Contributions Act and is the Social Security Tax deducted from each paycheck. A Social Security number accurately records covered wages, which determine what an employee receives at retirement. As someone works, FICA taxes are matched by the employer. For each $1000 of gross pay, an employer sends $124 for FICA to the federal government: $62 from the employee and $62 from the employer.
Since the employer is the tax collector, it guarantees the government will receive payment whether or not the tax is collected from employees in 2020. Employers are responsible for withholding and paying any deferred taxes next year. Specifically, employers “must withhold and pay the total Applicable Taxes that the [employer] deferred under this notice ratably from wages and compensation paid between January 1, 2021 and April 30, 2021 or interest, penalties, and additions to tax will begin to accrue on May 1, 2021, with respect to any unpaid Applicable Taxes.” The deferral does not apply to the employer matching FICA. The employer still pays their $62.
To simplify even further, the employer is loaning $62 for every $1,000 of gross wages to the employee for the next four months. Then the employee must repay the loan during the first four months of 2021 in addition to paying the taxes due then. In other terms, for January, February, March, and April, the amount withheld will be double, or $124, to keep taxes current and repay the loan. A bright spot for employers is the Executive Order does not provide a right for employees to demand that an employer participate in the deferral.
If the employee leaves employment before paying the taxes, the employer must pay the tax. The employer may make arrangements to collect the unpaid tax from the employee (possibly from the last paycheck), but this may present a financial hardship, which could result in the employer not being able to collect the unpaid tax from the employee. Bottom line, whether the employer can collect the unpaid tax from the employee or not, the employer must pay the tax.
Fortunately, an employer has the choice to participate or not in the tax deferral. Understanding all the variables will undoubtedly aid companies in making a decision and managing the path they choose in a way that will best serve their employees and their businesses.
See our other helpful Blogs for All Employers
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1,251 | As we all know, Gw2 is a very heavy PvE based kind of game, but also have a pretty decent PvP aspect of it, weither its SPvP, WvW or even GvG, though my question regards a youtube video I have seen that seems to circle around the idea that Gw2 currently is falling, and therefor needs more content that regards PvE (Raids, Fractals, Dungeons etc).
Based on personal thoughts, I would suggest that the main income/players would come from PvP, Gw2 got a very original PvP structure of being able to have a 60vs60 fight without totally disrupting a computer. Or even interesting 15v15 guild vs guild fights that do bring a lot of people to twitch. This comes of cause out of the core principle of competition, and also the massive flow on sites like twitch/youtube that attracts PvP rather than PvE players. But either way, I can not argue that PvE does not create a massive flow of players through different aspects like gem store/mounts
So the question to the normal forum writer is presented as, what do you think will make players come to Gw2, and why?
I generally would guess the main aspect of comments would center around PvE being a better for people to come in, since as mentioned previously, the game got a very strong PvE aspect.But I am kinda biased towards PvP, studying economics and peoples behavior buying and also kinda intrigued as to what the normal consumer would suggest.
In advance, thank you for answering
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Dante.1763
Posted September 23, 2018
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@zengara.8301 said:
As we all know, Gw2 is a very heavy PvE based kind of game, but also have a pretty decent PvP aspect of it, weither its SPvP, WvW or even GvG, though my question regards a youtube video I have seen that seems to circle around the idea that Gw2 currently is falling, and therefor needs more content that regards PvE (Raids, Fractals, Dungeons etc).
Gw2 has been a dying game since it launched because it never had the population WoW Had.
@zengara.8301 said:
Based on personal thoughts, I would suggest that the main income/players would come from PvP, Gw2 got a very original PvP structure of being able to have a 60vs60 fight without totally disrupting a computer. Or even interesting 15v15 guild vs guild fights that do bring a lot of people to twitch. This comes of cause out of the core principle of competition, and also the massive flow on sites like twitch/youtube that attracts PvP rather than PvE players. But either way, I can not argue that PvE does not create a massive flow of players through different aspects like gem store/mounts
Is this an opinion, or a suggestion saying that PVP players spend more than regular PVE players? Because im pretty sure ive spent more on skins, makeover kits and name change kits for RP than most pvpers do.
@zengara.8301 said:So the question to the normal forum writer is presented as, what do you think will make players come to Gw2, and why?
From what ive seen people come to GW2 because its advertised as not being like most MMOs, its not as toxic in general PVE, and very easy to pick up and stop playing whenever, on top of not having monthly fees, constantly added content, and generally looking better than most other MMOS.
@zengara.8301 said:
I generally would guess the main aspect of comments would center around PvE being a better for people to come in, since as mentioned previously, the game got a very strong PvE aspect.But I am kinda biased towards PvP, studying economics and peoples behavior buying and also kinda intrigued as to what the normal consumer would suggest.
In advance, thank you for answering
PVP in this game is probably one of the worst aspects of the game at the moment due to terrible balancing, lack of maps, lack of game modes and overall toxicity(in my opinion.)
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zengara.8301
Posted September 23, 2018
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Posted September 23, 2018
Well I should have explained the second box more carefully. What I meant was, Twitch/youtube generally promotes PvP games better, therefor the income of players would maybe be higher through PvP. I would still very much like to hear your opinion regarding the question:
So the question to the normal forum writer is presented as, what do you think will make players come to Gw2, and why?
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IndigoSundown.5419
Posted September 24, 2018
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Posted September 24, 2018
@zengara.8301 said:
So the question to the normal forum writer is presented as, what do you think will make players come to Gw2, and why?
I suspect that players come to GW2 for a variety of reasons, though I suspect open world PvE and story are a stronger draw than either harder instanced PvE content or PvP. I base the PvP part of that on anecdotal evidence, including the abandonment of GW2 by my predominantly PvP-oriented guild way back in late 2012, coupled with what seems to be close to a forum consensus that the two PvP modes suffer from neglect and are underutilized as a result. I base the observation on instanced PvE on claims that ANet does not provide enough for such players -- though that is usually the case for any MMO I've bothered to look at.
I also suspect that anyone making a video to lambaste GW2 about instanced PvE is making an assumption that that type of content is the only worthy MMO PvE content, which is not a view shared by ANet.
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Rhyse.8179
Posted September 24, 2018
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PVP in this game is comically bad. This is ironic, since it was originally intended to be esports level gameplay, but it was never anywhere close. In fact, even muttering the phrase "esports" and "GW2" in the same sentence results in a gaggle of cackling imps chittering from the shadows that you should really try Overwatch instead.
Why?
Balance is bad. Really bad. Comically, ridiculously bad. It was never good, but it's the worst it's ever been.
Core gameplay mechanics undermine good PVP. PVP gameplay should have a certain "skill cycle" to it - assess opponent, counter opponent, repeat. The better opponent wins. In GW2 though, the counterplay is very limited. Dodges are a universal counter to absolutely everything; condi cleanse is a universal counter to every debuff and CC in the game. No matter what you do, those are the two counters. As a result, rather then assessing and countering your opponent's specific move, you just count dodges.
Choice is limited. With only 5 weapons skills, many of them combine effects. Do you want to cripple the enemy or leap towards them? No worries! You can do both at once! In fact, you can do dps at the same time. In fact, you can do it all without even having to choose to do it because it's part of your autoattack! This is the real source of the dreaded "condi spam" - you couldn't stop spamming conditions if you tried. A lot of CC effects are in the same boat. The whole game is spam-tacularly full of things that should be a deliberate choice, but are really just incidental parts of doing DPS.
You just can't SEE. The visual noise is insane. This applies to all parts of the game, but in PVP it undermines everything. Since PVP hinges on dodging just the right move with split second timing, if you can't see the target because spell effects or floating numbers are in the way, you die. The inexcusable absence of UI customization makes this even worse. Most new players I've actually talked to try pvp once and never again, "I couldn't even tell what was happening, I just ended up dead." Honestly, this is the biggest killer of PVP since it convinces people there is no hope for improvement and thus they never try.
In short, I completely understand why Anet has been ignoring PVP for so long. It really can't be fixed without redesigning the game from scratch.
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starlinvf.1358
Posted September 24, 2018
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Posted September 24, 2018
Using streamers as a litmus test is already kind of bias'd, because they're hugely dependent on chasing trends and commenting on controversy. Its essentially a side effect of being an entertainment outlet governed by popularity and public consciousness.
But the overarching question of "what do you think will make players come to Gw2" is the wrong the question. Not because its not relevant... its just not conductive to its own goal. This is kind of an industry wide problem created by a lot of people, including developers, that don't really recognize the fact that catering to an audience isn't a long term solution when you look at what most audiences are like. In fact, the F2P trend of chasing the Green Whale like Captain Ahab lets it survive, but often fails to thrive. Even the Holy Grail of MMOs, World of Warcraft, is now struggling to keep its population engaged in the long term, to the point where its starting to threaten the game's god defying profitability.
But the fallacy train doesn't stop there. This idea that streamers bring in lots of money is something of a double edged sword. Like any tide of popularity, they come and go.... and trying to attract them with significant focus causes it to wash up some some valuable resources, but also a lot of salty garbage that piles up over time. That strategy is inherently a gamble, because its banking on the idea that maybe, just maybe, some of those players will stick around for the long term and keep giving you money.
This may come to a shock to many- but many of the best games in history are not good because they're popular, they're popular because their good games. But the real struggle comes with games that need retention to stay relevant. It used to be every few years a new version of the game would come out, and everyone could gather to celebrate with renewed gusto. But with yearly sequels that come out with increasing speed and less game play value, the proverbial well that sustains many games gets poisoned by a flood of sewage being dumped into the pool.
So the point I'm trying to make here is this..... Anet needs to focus on each game mode to improve them; but lacks the resources, time, and total direction needed to make it happen. This has created the current round robin scheduling where each area of the game gets a short burst of focus, but individually each area suffers from atrophy as they fall behind or lose compatibility with other changes in the meantime. This in turn leads to the game's biggest problem with decision making right now- improving PvP and WvW can do a lot to extend the working life of mechanics, and can draw PvE players into a more community focused side of the game. But PvE players are so isolationist right now, the very suggestion of having to interact with another player to accomplish anything causes their entire world view to implode, and will lash out with an intense paranoia that is nothing short of surprising. With the number of MMOs going open world PvP, and done poorly at that, its understandable why they cling so hard to something that they feel comfortable in. But the levels of this are becoming toxic (in the figurative sense, not the social sense) to the game's design, because it was never intended to have this much focus on conventional PvE. Thus GW2 is suffering all the major problems WoW has on its PvE side, but can't facilitate enough of the design concepts that WoW used to mitigate it. GW2 players have also become incredibly spoiled and entitled, and are now in-fighting over whose entitlement is more important, and should be the Dev's exclusive focus.
Normally the solution is to make a good game, and players will naturally gravitate toward it. But whats rarely brought up is how there is a band of stability between mainstream and niche that most "seminal games" actually fall into.... and theres a reason for this. Niche titles tend to have focus on a core concept. And if capable of being built up on, the game can grow up to a certain amount without destabilizing itself. Most MMORPGs are the antithesis of this..... they're long lived, typically built with a lot of interconnected elements that gain more interdependence over time, have a complexity that make them difficult to maintain, and have a design that, once settled, is incredibly hard to alter or expand upon in new directions. GW2 was built around a minimalist design in its mechanics.... and the piling of additional mechanics on top of it is creating all sorts of problems. Theres a reason most Espec specific Buffs were reverted to Boons, and how universally flexible Espec mechanics are potentially game breaking to a balance philosophy thats become increasingly focused on narrow specialization. And while the Devs have been careful to not create disruption, they lack the things needed to rapidly refine these ideas in a time span that matters in the mind of the player base. Things like iteration rate, testing, asset production, encounter planning and production, etc.
Too many players want too many mutually exclusive things..... hence the question "what do you think will make players come to Gw2?" is the wrong question to be asking. I can list off a bunch of things that will attract players to the game, but aren't likely to make the game or the community better. Housing being one of the big hot topics at the moment..... we can add it, and it will attract players that like housing..... but what impact will it have on the game, the community, and aggregate bias of "the community" if we're gonna insist on thinking of it as a logical, knowable, and consistent entity. Because those things will affect the Dev's focus, as they need to ensure a minimum income just to keep running.
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Ashikuro.1920
Posted September 24, 2018
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Posted September 24, 2018
A ton of people are coming to GW2 now because WoW is pure trash at the moment... I came back and so did several of my friends.
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Obtena.7952
Posted September 24, 2018
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Posted September 24, 2018
@zengara.8301 said:Well I should have explained the second box more carefully. What I meant was, Twitch/youtube generally promotes PvP games better, therefor the income of players would maybe be higher through PvP. I would still very much like to hear your opinion regarding the question:
So the question to the normal forum writer is presented as, what do you think will make players come to Gw2, and why?
I think it's the quality of the game you get access to without a monthly sub that makes this a premiere game. There are other games that offer high quality content, but I don't think they do it at the value Anet offers us with this game.
I'm doubtful people sign up for GW2 because of PVP ... I think other games do it better and the exceptional PVP'ers that want ONLY that experience can do better than GW2.
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sokeenoppa.5384
Posted September 24, 2018
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Posted September 24, 2018
Well most of the new players these days join in tyria when a friend of them invites them to play. This game is so noob friendly, that you cant join "late".
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Devilman.1532
Posted September 24, 2018
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Posted September 24, 2018
PvP is trash in this game. Some of the PVE is ok just avoid PoF unless you enjoy endless bland desert.
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Leablo.2651
Posted September 25, 2018
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Posted September 25, 2018
@zengara.8301 said:Well I should have explained the second box more carefully. What I meant was, Twitch/youtube generally promotes PvP games better, therefor the income of players would maybe be higher through PvP. I would still very much like to hear your opinion regarding the question:
So the question to the normal forum writer is presented as, what do you think will make players come to Gw2, and why?
Competitive games are more interesting to spectators, but RPGs traditionally have really unbalanced and cheesy mechanics for PvP, GW2 being no exception. This is not enjoyable to most players or spectators. It might seem silly to say at first, but the most legitimately competitive and skill-oriented parts of GW2 are the minigames. Think about it. As a spectator too, it's a lot more interesting to watch a Keg Brawl or Southsun Survival match than watching people stand in a circle for points.
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1,253 | "When you have experienced the sensation of flying, you will walk on earth with your eyes toward the heavens, for there you will and there you will desire to return." Come and be part of the "Leonardo da Vinci World"! | {
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1,254 | "Engineering Workshop" is a design organization that has been implementing high-quality and competent projects for more than 20 years.
A wide variety of structures have been erected along them, from simple piers to factories and shopping centers throughout Russia.
They also cooperate with foreign customers from Switzerland and Germany. Within the framework of the project, the following were developed: logo, design of business cards, letterheads, design of a cover, pen, envelope and booklet, as well as wallpapers for various devices and a corporate pattern. | {
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1,255 | From a funny idea and a simple design, a toy company was born in 2003, which 14 years later has a worldwide sales network. This is the short summary of the Waytoplay history. It all started with Sybren, the founder and designer of Waytoplay. In 2013 he and his wife Marise embarked on a journey into the unknown world of toys. This year the Waytoplay pilot product came out. It was funded by crowdfunding and was more successful than Sybren and Marise had imagined. The 250 sets produced were sold out in a flash.
Waytoplay combines Dutch design with German quality work
So it's no wonder that the flexible highways soon went into series production. The parts are manufactured by specialists in Breidenbach in Germany. This is done with real high-tech, because although the parts look quite simple, their production is quite complex. The street sections are then given the finishing touches in the form of printing in the Niederladen. Waytoplay is proud to have created 10 jobs in the region so far and thus contributes a small part to the economic well-being of the region.
The enormous growth in recent years does not prevent the founders from continuing to work tirelessly for the company themselves. Marise takes care of the online shop and customer service. Sybren is the managing director and is constantly working on new designs for even better tracks. Take a look at Waytoplay's flexible highways in our shop and convince yourself of the interplay of design, quality and fun!
Customer service
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Mon-Sat: 9.00 a.m. to 17.00 p.m.
E-mail: [email protected]
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This website uses cookies like ours Cookie Policy described. By continuing to use our website, you consent to our use of cookies. | {
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1,256 | A crown is a type of dental restoration which completely caps or encircles a tooth or dental implant. Crowns are often needed when a large cavity threatens the ongoing health of a tooth. They are typically bonded to the tooth using a dental cement.
Crowns can be made from many materials, which are usually fabricated using indirect methods. Crowns are often used to improve the strength or appearance of teeth.
Dental bridge
A bridge, also known as a fixed partial denture, is a dental restoration used to replace a missing tooth by joining permanently to adjacent teeth or dental implants. There are different types of bridges, depending on how they are fabricated and the way they anchor to the adjacent teeth. Conventionally, bridges are made using the indirect method of restoration however, bridges can be fabricated directly in the mouth using such materials as composite resin. A bridge is fabricated by reducing the teeth on either side of the missing tooth or teeth by a preparation pattern determined by the location of the teeth and by the material from which the bridge is fabricated.
In other words, the abutment teeth are reduced in size to accommodate the material to be used to restore the size and shape of the original teeth in a correct alignment and contact with the opposing teeth. The dimensions of the bridge are defined by Ante's Law: "The root surface area of the abutment teeth has to equal or surpass that of the teeth being replaced with pontics". The materials used for the bridges include gold, porcelain fused to metal, or in the correct situation porcelain alone.
The amount and type of reduction done to the abutment teeth varies slightly with the different materials used. The recipient of such a bridge must be careful to clean well under this prosthesis. When restoring an edentulous space with a fixed partial denture that will crown the teeth adjacent to the space and bridge the gap with a pontic, or "dummy tooth", the restoration is referred to as a bridge. Besides all of the preceding information that concerns single-unit crowns, bridges possess a few additional considerations when it comes to case selection and treatment planning, tooth preparation and restoration fabrication. | {
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1,257 | Road Development Corporation (RDC) has been hired by the Ministry of National Planning, Housing, and Infrastructure to build 5 kilometers of roads in Velidhoo, Noonu Atoll.
The contract for the road improvement project in Velidhoo was signed on November 15 by Director General Zeeniya Ahmed Hameed and Managing Director at RDC Moosa Ali Manik.
RDC was awarded the project on a design-and-build basis. The project’s scope comprises the asphalt paving of 5 kilometers of roadways, as well as the installation of a stormwater drainage system and street lighting.
The company was awarded the road development contract for USD 5.7 million. The project is scheduled to be finished in 450 days.
Tags: Development ProjectsMinistry of National Planning Housing and InfrastructureRoad Development Corporation | {
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1,258 | All the partners for this project, spread across 3 continents - Africa, Latin America and Europe - have a single study subject: changes in water resources in arid and semiarid regions. Realising a library of digital resources accessible to all for the training of students, engineers and technicians... | {
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1,259 | If you are an authorized representative of your company, you can post a paid job ad after registering an employer account and logging in.
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Teaching jobs NEW
Blog
Advisory Committee
Cambridge Assessment English Teacher
ESL / EFL teacher wanted by Talkilla Edu First work day: ASAP
Native speakers
Min. 5+ years
BA in any subject
--- OR ---
Any accredited 100+ hour English teaching certif.
Talkilla has been a leading online English school in providing professional English training to young kids and teenagers. Here is the opportunity to join us!
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2021-11-15
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Job details
Position:
ESL / EFL teacher
Work hours:
Part-time
Student type:
6-10 years , 11-14 years , 15-18 years
Group size:
1:1 , 1-5 , 6-10
Contract term:
Permanent
Contract type:
N/A
Institution type:
Language school
School authority:
Private
Introduction to Work
1. Being able to teach English to set of students online in the evenings (between 6~10 pm) and/or daytime of weekends Beijing time, minimum 8 hours per week;
2. Students are usually 8 to 15 years old. Classes can be one-on-one or small groups in 45 minutes or 60 minutes depending on students ages;
"Of the companies I have worked for thus far, Talkilla has been the most pleasant and professional. The people are so wonderful to work with and have treated me very kindly, patiently and respectfully. The students have been great, as well!" - Quoted by Carol M., a Talkilla ESL Teacher. Teachers who are passionate with teaching Chinese young students are welcome to contact with us by sending in your resume and introduction video.
Job Status：On-line
Salary Type：Hour
Salary：15~20
Currency：US Dollar
Payment Method：PayPal
Recruitment：2 Person
Closing time of recruitment：2019-11-30
Online (remote) work
Who we are looking for
Language proficiency
Native speakers
(United Kingdom,Canada,United States)
Experience
Min. 5+ years
Qualification
BA in any subject
--- OR ---
Any accredited 100+ hour English teaching certif.
(Degree：Master or Higher,Bachelor. Teaching Certificate：TEFL,TESOL,TESL,CELTA,Other ESL Certificates)
The teacher is required have experience in teaching Cambridge Assessment English and be familiar with the Assessment requirements.
What we offer
Hourly rate ranges between US$15~20 depending on teacher's education background, teaching experience and performance in the interview, with bonus from referrals.
Online (remote) work
Talkilla Edu
About the employer
Talkilla Edu was first established in early 2012 in Beijing, China. Talkilla has been a leading online English school in providing professional English training to young kids and teenagers. Quite a few of Talkilla students had won CCTV Hope Start national English contest, a major ESL contest in China. Besides of ESL training, we also provide other subjects in English, like History, Science, Writing and Literature Reading, in both formats of one-on-one and group classes, in order to meet different demands from our young students. A teacher will usually be provided set of students who can commit a long-term learning time of many years and learn from the same teacher. Teacher can definitely awarded by seeing the progress of the students in learning English with help from the teacher.
Teacher Record, owned by ShenZhen Federated Database Education Technology Co., Ltd., provides an extensive resource for online ESL jobs.
As a big recruitment league for foreign language teaching, we have gathered together lots of verified school members which are foreign language schools and training institutions in China.
As a large foreign language teachers' career information base, we have attracted a great number of high-quality applicants from English-speaking countries.
We are dedicated to a convenient job application, an efficient resume screening, a one-step interview with quick responses and an all-time link between applicants and recruiters. | {
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1,260 | All rights to materials posted on the website www.khl.ru (hereinafter referred to as the Website) and which are the objects of exclusive rights, including the registered trademarks and symbolics of the “КХЛ”/“KHL”, “МХЛ” / “JHL”, “ЖХЛ” / “WHL” (hereinafter referred to as the Trademarks), as well as on photo and video images, articles, etc., which are owned by CHL LLC, are protected in compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. The placement and / or use of Trademarks and other intellectual property of CHL LLC without the direct consent of CHL LLC are considered and prosecuted as intellectual property rights violations of CHL LLC in accordance with the laws of the Russian Federation. It is forbidden to automatically extract information from the Website by any services without the official permission of CHL LLC. Quoting from the Website and satellite projects of the official messages of the Kontinental Hockey League is allowed only with a direct link to the site www.khl.ru.
KHL TV
About KHL
Contacts
Advertising
КХЛ 2008—2021 All rights reserved
Desktop version
User Agreement
CHL LLC PROVISION on processing of personal data
CHL LLC Website Terms of Use
KHL 2008—2021 All rights reserved
All rights to materials posted on the website www.khl.ru (hereinafter referred to as the Website) and which are the objects of exclusive rights, including the registered trademarks and symbolics of the “КХЛ”/“KHL”, “МХЛ” / “JHL”, “ЖХЛ” / “WHL” (hereinafter referred to as the Trademarks), as well as on photo and video images, articles, etc., which are owned by CHL LLC, are protected in compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. The placement and / or use of Trademarks and other intellectual property of CHL LLC without the direct consent of CHL LLC are considered and prosecuted as intellectual property rights violations of CHL LLC in accordance with the laws of the Russian Federation. It is forbidden to automatically extract information from the Website by any services without the official permission of CHL LLC. Quoting from the Website and satellite projects of the official messages of the Kontinental Hockey League is allowed only with a direct link to the site www.khl.ru. | {
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1,261 | Leather crafter mallet with an ergonomic, sandalwood handle was made with nylon head and a steel, stacked core for weight control. It is used for leather carving, as well as working with stamps and punches.
The round, vertically located form of the striker allows you to pick up the tool without looking, and it will always be in the working position. The hammer comes with two types of weights and springs to adjust the weight (weights and springs may be already installed inside hammer head, so in this case, unscrew the hammer and set the weight quantity as you need). | {
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1,262 | Hand made oil painting We specialize in oil paintings. With quality being the utmost important, our reproductions can take up to two weeks to create. We can create paintings in all sizes. With our talented oil painters, we offer 100% hand made oil paintings on various subjects and styles. Most of our oil painters were strictly trained and cultivated when they were in schools and colleges, this helps us handle all classic style commissions easily. BuyPopArt.com have 10 years experience in the oil painting industry. If you are not 100% satisfied we will refund 100% of your order.
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Print on canvas
Giclée prints of your own At BuyPopArt.com we take pride in producing the highest quality prints of the art masterpieces that you have chosen. We use the latest printing technology to produce archival-quality canvas prints that will give pleasure on your wall for a long time to come. BuyPopArt.com use only the most modern and efficient printing technology on our 100% cotton canvas 440Gsm, based on the Giclée printing procedure. This innovative high resolution printing technique results in durable and spectacular looking prints of the highest quality. BuyPopArt.com only uses the highest quality inks, with extreme UV resistance. Your artwork will hold its beautiful colors for up to 75 years!
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Print on textured canvas
BuyPopArt use the latest printing technology to produce archival-quality textured cotton canvas prints that will give pleasure on your wall for a long time to come. Textured print gives to your painting reproduction a brushstroke/texture effect, which gives incredible look of a real oil canvas masterpiece. BuyPopArt.com use only the most modern and efficient printing technology on our 100% cotton canvas 400Gsm, based on the Giclee printing procedure. This innovative high-resolution printing technique results in durable and spectacular looking prints of the highest quality. BuyPopArt.com only uses the highest quality inks, with extreme UV resistance. Your artwork will hold its beautiful colors for up to 75 years! Textured print perfectly suits for Fine Art reproductions! BuyPopArt Team suggest to orderacrylic print for colorful,familly and modernphotos.
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Print on metal
Group Set of Metal Prints gives your image a breathtaking unique and contemporary look and feel! Enhances contrast, sharpness and color saturation unobtainable by any other printing method. We print directly on metal, your photos will take on a brilliant sheen that traditional paper printing or canvas prints are unable to deliver. The metal flashes through to create a distinct look that will catch your eye from every angle. Inks infused into specially coated aluminum ensures a durable and archival scratch resistant surface. At BuyPopArt.com you can choose any image you like and we will transform it is aMetal group set print for you will be the owner of unique group set, from one imageyou can choose more than 250 frames shapes in any sizes ! Metal elements on your print bring incredible metallic effect and gloss. Group Set Of Metal Prints can be a perfect present for your friends or beloved and be sure they will love it forever! BuyPopArt Team recommend Set Of Metal Prints for Modern photos and landscapes. For Fine Art, we suggest to order group set of textured print or group set of oil paintings. BuyPopArt.com have 10 years experience in the printing business. If you are not 100% satisfied we will refund 100% of your order.
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Print on Acrylic
The high gloss of the Acrylic panels compliment the rich colors of the prints to produce stunning results that almost burst with color. The Classic Acrylic panels are cut to size using high tech laser cutting equipment, they are then pre-drilled with 4 mounting holes and then flame polished to perfection. They are supplied with 1" brushed aluminum stand-off fixings. These fixings give the illusion that the finished print is floating off the wall. Due to the Ultra-modern feel to these prints, they are ideal for home, office or school environments, where they fit it perfectly with all types of modern decor. At BuyPopArt.com you can choose any image you like and we will transform it is an Acrylic group set print for you will be the owner of unique Acrylic group set, from one imageyou can choose more than 250 frames shapes in any sizes ! Endurance of the material will save your Group Set Of Acrylic Prints from damages and you will enjoy it for many years. BuyPopArt.comTeam recommend to order Set Of Acrylic Prints for colorful landscapes and modern Art! For Fine Art, we suggest to order group set of textured print or groupset of oil paintings. BuyPopArt.comhave 10 years experience in the printing business. If you are not 100% satisfied we will refund 100% of your order.
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Group set of oil paintings
BuyPopArt GroupSet is the perfect way to decorate your home with a unique design conceived by you. This group set of oil painting on canvas will be build according to your choices the day after we receive your order. Your order will be made specifically for you, we will never made twice the same combination of Painting/GroupSet/Size. After we receive your order, our factory will then start build the wooden frames, then our factory will receive the frames and will start painting. The factory take 3 day to paint. The paintings are made in our GroupSet factory not in our BuyPopArt artist's studio (which take 3 weeks to paint) If you want to have an artwork copy of museum quality you should order an Oil Painting Reproduction to BuyPopArt Studio. With BuyPopArt GroupSet you can decorate your home at the best price with a unique design build specifically for you.
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Group set of prints on canvas
With BuyPopArt GroupSet of Poster/Prints you can decorate your home at the best price with a unique design build specifically for you.At BuyPopArt.com you can choose any image you like and we will transform it is a group set print for you. You will be the owner of unique group set, from one print you can choose from more than 150 frames shapesin any sizes! We always use high quality cotton canvas and print techniques, which reflect all brightness of the image. Group set orders come with a *ready to hang* metal wire for easy hanging at no extra cost. BuyPopArt.com have 10 years experience in the printing business. If you are not 100% satisfied we will refund 100% of your order.
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Group set of textured prints
With BuyPopArt Group Set of Textured prints you can decorate your home at the best price with a unique design build specifically for you. Texture of the print will produce the effect of handmade oil painting masterpiece. At BuyPopArt.com you can choose any image you like and we will transform it is a set of textured prints for you. You will be the owner of unique group set, from one print you can choose from more than 250 frames shapes in any sizes! We always use high quality cotton canvas and print techniques, which reflect all brightness of the image. Textured group set orders come with a *ready to hang* metal wire for easy hanging at no extra cost. BuyPopArt.com have 10 years experience in the printing business. If you are not 100% satisfied we will refund 100% of your order.
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More information on this artwork on this websites
The Virgin
https://ArtsDot.com/@@/8YE7XW-Gustav-Klimt-The-Virgin...
Gustav Klimt - The Virgin
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Mar | 2015 | Byron's muse
byronsmuse.wordpress.com/201...
7 posts published by Byron's Muse during March 2015
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The Virgin
https://WahooArt.com/@@/8YE7XW-Gustav-Klimt-The-Virgin...
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The Virgin
https://WikiOO.org/paintings.php?refarticle=8YE7XW&titlepainting=The Virgin...
Gustav Klimt - The Virgin
JPG: 1255 x 1200 Px
克里姆特 油画设计图__绘画书法_文化艺术_设计图库_昵图网nipic.com
www.nipic.com/show/2/27/8562016ke6c17144...
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Reviews
Gary t. - USA Submited 30/11/2021
“Loved the quality of my print. I just got my print framed and I love it.”
Eddy Y. - united states Submited 25/11/2021
“I have received the 3 paintings. They are very well painted.looks great and realistic.”
Michael S. - USA Submited 23/11/2021
“WahooArt.com did a beautiful job of reproducing the painting I selected. When they first sent me a photo of the finished result I was unhappy with the color tone of the reproduction. I explained what I wanted (via email) a”
Thomas W. - USA, Delaware Submited 03/11/2021
“I would highly recommend Wahoo Art for that special space one may need to fill. I have a large art collection of originals but sometimes one just needs a "reasonably priced" piece to fill in a blank. The quality of the fra”
Edward M. - Australia Submited 29/10/2021
“Very satisfied indeed. WahooArt supplied me with a high-quality print on canvas, nicely framed, at a very reasonable price, and delivered it promptly (no small achievement in these times!), keeping me informed at each stag”
Elise H. - Australia Submited 28/10/2021
“My experience purchasing from WahooArt was fabulous. The service provided by this company is professional. They responded back to any queries I had promptly. The three prints I purchased framed are beautiful. The shipping ” | {
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1,263 | OFF GRID: New conversion projects are led by social entrepreneurs: The off-grid principle is to be disconnected from modern society's electricity, water and sewer system.
Niels Johan Juhl-Nielsen - June 17
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1,266 | Natural disasters could shave 1.5 percent off annual GDP or even more if no appropriate measures are taken in response to climate change, according to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.
VNA Monday, November 16, 2020 15:25
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Environmental protection must be at core of socio-economic development targets: experts
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Many houses in central Thua Thien-Hue province submerged (Source: VNA)
Hanoi (VNA) - Natural disasters could shave 1.5 percent off annual GDP or even more if no appropriate measures are taken in response to climate change, according to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.
The average temperature in Vietnam is predicted to increase 2-3 degrees Celsius by 2100, while sea levels will rise from 78-100 cm.
Such a rise would submerge over 10 percent of the Red River Delta and Quang Ninh province in the north, 2.5 percent of central coastal localities, and over 20 percent of HCM City.
It would directly affect 9 percent of the population in the Red River Delta and Quang Ninh, nearly 9 percent in central coastal localities, and about 7 percent in HCM City.
Of particular note, some 35 percent of the population in the Mekong Delta would be affected and 40.5 percent of its rice output lost.
The agricultural sector, the natural ecosystem, the poor, the elderly, women, and ethnic minority groups are all vulnerable.
The ministry emphasised the need to conduct research on and apply technical solutions and new technologies in designing and construction works.
Priority should be given to investing in early warning and monitoring systems in urban areas and concentrated residential areas, and raising public awareness about climate change./.
VNA
Topics: Climate Change
Natural disasters 1.5 pct of GDP climate change Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Vietnam Vietnamplus Vietnam News Agency
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1,267 | Local companies do not have to worry about a preliminary anti-subsidy tariff imposed by the US Department of Commerce on car and truck tyres from Vietnam, executives told local media.
VNA Monday, November 09, 2020 17:23
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Da Nang Rubber JSC's tyre factory. (Photo drc.com.vn)
Hanoi (VNS/VNA) - Local companies do not have to worry about a preliminary anti-subsidy tariff imposed by the US Department of Commerce on car and truck tyres from Vietnam, executives told local media.
Earlier this month, the US agency determined exporters and producers from Vietnam would receive a tariff ranging from 6.23 percent to 10.08 percent with concerns Vietnam might have undervalued its currency to support exporters.
The decision was made after the US agency had launched an investigation into tyre imports from the Republic of Korea, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam in June.
The rates imposed by the US Department of Commerce are 6.23 percent for Sailun (Vietnam) Co Ltd, 10.08 percent for Kumho Tires (Vietnam) Co Ltd and 6.77 percent for other companies. Kumho Tires and Sailun are from the RoK and China.
But according to SSI Securities Research Centre, this may not have a significant impact on Vietnamese tyre producers.
Da Nang Rubber JSC is not affected by the US decision as it is applied on radial tyres, which are completely different from the firm’s outputs subject to the tariff, the company’s spokesperson told ndh.vn.
Exploring the US market is expected to help the company improve this year’s results after the business community has been struggling with the global spread of the coronavirus and the US-China trade war, the spokesperson said.
Da Nang Rubber JSC posted a 12 percent on-year decline in export revenue year to date. Its key export market – Brazil – has seen a slight recovery in the last two months.
In 2019, the company earned 1.73 trillion VND (74.5 million USD) worth of exports, up 43 percent year-on-year and accounting for 42.9 percent of the full-year revenue – up 7.3 percentage points from 2018. Export revenue earned in American countries surged nearly 60 percent year-on-year to 1.04 trillion VND in 2019, accounting for 62 percent of the total.
General Director of the Southern Rubber Industry JSC (Casumina) Pham Hong Phu told ndh.vn that the company’s products are subject to the decision.
“The US tariff is not too high so the business will not suffer from the decision. Besides, Casumina exports to 30 overseas markets, including the US,” he said.
The company also produces radial tyres. Radial tyre exports accounted for 64 percent of the company’s total export revenue in 2019.
Casumina posted a 27 percent year-on-year increase in total export revenue last year, which reached 1.72 trillion VND.
Export revenue accounted for 39 percent of the company’s total revenue in 2019. The figure rose 29 percent in four consecutive years.
Meanwhile, Sao Vang Rubber JSC sells tyres to Asian markets such as Nepal, Pakistan, Cambodia and Malaysia.
After the US tariff was announced on November 4, Vietnamese tyre companies have seen mixed changes in their share prices.
Shares of Da Nang Rubber JSC (HoSE: DRC) fell a total of 1.8 percent in the two trading days ending November 6.
Shares of Casumina (HoSE: CSM) declined by total 2.7 percent and Sao Vàng Rubber JSC (HoSE: SRC) gained a total of 1.8 percent in the same period./.
VNA
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Four ASEAN countries to sign deal in cross-border power trading
Tuesday, October 27, 2020 17:26
The Vietnamese side at the online meeting on November 18 that prepares for the 14th EAS Energy Ministers Meeting (Photo: VNA)
Hanoi (VNA) – Senior energy officials of the East Asia Summit (EAS) countries gathered at an online meeting on November 18 to prepare for the 14th EAS Energy Ministers Meeting, one of important events within the framework of the ASEAN Ministers on Energy Meeting (AMEM) in 2020.
Addressing the event, Hoang Tien Dung, Director of the Electricity and Renewable Energy Authority under Vietnam’s Ministry of Industry and Trade, noted that at the EAS senior officials’ meeting on energy in August, the ASEAN Centre for Energy presented the draft ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation for 2021-2025, helping the EAS countries that are not ASEAN members gain an overview of the bloc’s energy cooperation activities.
During that event, participants also looked into the implementation of the use of bio-fuel for transport, activities to promote economical and efficient energy use, others related to renewable energy, and energy initiatives proposed by Japan, he added.
At the preparatory meeting, the officials reviewed and sought consensus on cooperation activities among the East Asian countries before they are submitted to the 14th EAS Energy Ministers Meeting, with ASEAN identified as the focus.
Accordingly, cooperation in bio-fuel for transport, economical and efficient energy use, renewable energy, and energy initiatives suggested by Japan will be promoted in the years to come./.
VNA
Topics: ASEAN Community
ASEAN 2020 East Asia Summit senior energy officials 14th EAS Energy Ministers Meeting ASEAN Ministers on Energy Meeting ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation renewable energy updated Vietnam news Vietnamplus Vietnam News Agency Related stories ASEAN
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1,269 | The American Defense Service Medal was a military award of the United States Armed Forces, established by Executive Order 8808, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, on June 28, 1941.[1][2] The medal was intended to recognize those military service members who had served on active duty between September 8, 1939, and December 7, 1941.
A similar medal, known as the American Campaign Medal, was established in 1942, for service in the American Theater during the World War II era.
Contents
1 History
2 Criteria
3 Appearance
4 Devices
5 See also
6 Bibliography
7 External links
8 References
History[edit]
The American Defense Service Medal was established by Executive Order 8808, on 28 June 1941, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt and announced in War Department Bulletin 17, 1941. The criteria for the medal was announced in Department of the Army Circular 44, on 13 February 1942. The service ribbon design was approved by the Secretary of War and the Secretary of Navy on January 7, 1942. The medal was designed by Mr. Lee Lawrie, a civilian sculptor from Easton, Maryland. The model was approved by the Commission of Fine Arts on May 5, 1942.[2][3]
Criteria[edit]
The medal is authorized to military members who served on active duty between President Roosevelt's declaration of a limited national emergency on September 8, 1939, and the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Members of the United States Army, to include those in the Organized Reserve and National Guard, received this medal for any length of service during the eligibility period, provided that they were on orders to active duty for a period of twelve months or longer.[1] The United States Navy excluded those reservists who were on active duty for less than ten days during the eligibility period, but otherwise the Navy, United States Marine Corps, and United States Coast Guard awarded the medal to all personnel who served on active duty at any time during the eligibility period, Regular or Reservist, provided they passed their initial physical examinations, such as in the case of those Reservists called back to extended active duty prior to the December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor, or those enlisted recruits and officer candidates accessed during the same period.[4]
Appearance[edit]
The bronze medal is 1+1⁄4 inches (32 mm) in diameter. On the obverse is a female Grecian figure symbolic of defense, holding in her sinister hand an ancient war shield in reverse and her dexter hand brandishing a sword above her head, and standing upon a conventionalized oak branch with four leaves. Around the top is the lettering "AMERICAN DEFENSE". The reverse is the wording "FOR SERVICE DURING THE LIMITED EMERGENCY PROCLAIMED BY THE PRESIDENT ON SEPTEMBER 8, 1939 OR DURING THE UNLIMITED EMERGENCY PROCLAIMED BY THE PRESIDENT ON MAY 27, 1941" above a seven-leafed spray of laurel.[2][3]
The suspension and service ribbon of the medal is 1+3⁄8 inches (35 mm) wide and consists of the following stripes: 3⁄16 in (4.8 mm) Golden Yellow 67104; 1⁄8 in (3.2 mm) triparted Old Glory Blue 67178; White 67101; and Scarlet 67111; center 3⁄4 in (19 mm) Golden Yellow; 1⁄8 in (3.2 mm) triparted Scarlet; White; and Old Glory Blue 67178; and 3⁄16 in (4.8 mm) Golden yellow. The golden yellow color was symbolic of the golden opportunity of the youth of the United States to serve the National colors, represented by the blue, white and red pin stripes on each side.[2][3]
Devices[edit]
The American Defense Service Medal was authorized with the following devices:
Foreign Service Clasp: Issued by the United States Army for military service outside the continental limits of the United States, including service in Alaska. The foreign service clasp is a bronze bar 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) in width and 1+1⁄2 in (38 mm) in length with the words FOREIGN SERVICE, with a star at each end of the inscription.[1]
Base Clasp: Issued by the U.S. Navy and United States Marine Corps for service outside the continental limits of the United States (service in either Alaska or Hawaii qualified).[4]
Fleet Clasp: Issued by the Navy, Marine Corps and United States Coast Guard for service on the high seas while regularly attached to any vessels of the Atlantic, Pacific, or Asiatic fleets as well as vessels of the Naval Transport Service and vessels operating directly under the Chief of Naval Operations.[4] The Fleet clasp is a bronze bar 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) in width and 1+1⁄2 in (38 mm) in length with the words FLEET inscribed.
Sea Clasp: Issued by the Coast Guard for all other vessels and aircraft, not qualifying for the Fleet Clasp, which regularly conducted patrols at sea.[4]
"A" Device: Awarded to any member of the Navy who served duty in actual or potential belligerent contact with Axis Powers in the Atlantic Ocean between June 22 and December 7, 1941.[4] The "A" Device was also worn on the medal's uniform ribbon.
Service star: Worn in lieu of clasps when wearing the American Defense Service Medal as a ribbon on a military uniform.[1][3][4]
See also[edit]
Code of Federal Regulations
National Defense Service Medal
Bibliography[edit]
Foster, Frank C. (2002). A complete guide to all United States military medals, 1939 to present. Fountain Inn, S.C.: MOA Press. ISBN 978-1-884-45218-5. OCLC 54755134.
Kerrigan, Evans E. (1971). American war medals and decorations. New York: Viking Press. ISBN 978-0-670-12101-4. OCLC 128058.
Kerrigan, Evans E. (1990). American medals and decorations. Noroton Heights, CT: Medallic. ISBN 978-0-792-45082-5. OCLC 21467942.
Robles, Philip K. (1971). United States military medals and ribbons. Rutland, VT: C. E. Tuttle. ISBN 978-0-804-80048-8. OCLC 199721.
External links[edit]
FOR SERVICE IN THE DEFENSE OF AMERICA:THE AMERICAN DEFENSE SERVICE MEDAL
References[edit]
^ a b c d Army Regulation 600–8–22 Military Awards (PDF). Washington, DC: Headquarters Department of the Army. 24 June 2013. p. 70. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-04-10. Retrieved 2014-01-10.
^ a b c d "American Defense Service Medal". The Institute of Heraldry. Archived from the original on 2014-01-10. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
^ a b c d "American Defense Service Medal". Air Force Personnel Center. 2 August 2010. Archived from the original on 6 November 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
^ a b c d e f Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual (PDF). Washington, DC: Department of the Navy. 1953. pp. 57–59. NavPers 15,790. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-16. Retrieved 2014-01-10.
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1,270 | This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Wattmeter" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Wattmeter
The wattmeter is an instrument for measuring the electric active power (or the average of the rate of flow of electrical energy) in watts of any given circuit. Electromagnetic wattmeters are used for measurement of utility frequency and audio frequency power; other types are required for radio frequency measurements.
A wattmeter reads the average value of the product v(t)i(t) = p(t), where v(t) is the voltage with positive reference polarity at the ± terminal with respect to the other terminal of the potential coil, and i(t) is the current with reference direction flowing into the ± terminal of the current coil. The wattmeter reads P = (1/T) ∫0T v(t)i(t) dt, which in sinusoidal steady-state reduces to Vrms Irms cos(φ), where T is the period of p(t) and φ is the angle by which the current lags the voltage.[1]
Contents
1 History
2 Electrodynamic
3 Electronic
3.1 Digital
4 Precision and accuracy
5 Radio frequency
6 Watthour meters
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]
On 14 August 1888, Oliver B. Shallenberge patented a watt-hour meter. The Hungarian Ottó Bláthy patented his AC wattmeter.[2] In 1974 Maghar S. Chana, Ramond L. Kraley, Eric A. Hauptmann Barry, and M. Pressman patented an Electronic wattmeter. This device is made up from power, current and voltage transformers, who measure the average power.[3]
Electrodynamic[edit]
Early wattmeter on display at the Historic Archive and Museum of Mining in Pachuca, Mexico
The traditional analog wattmeter is an electrodynamic instrument. The device consists of a pair of fixed coils, known as current coils, and a movable coil known as the potential coil.
The current coils are connected in series with the circuit, while the potential coil is connected in parallel. Also, on analog wattmeters, the potential coil carries a needle that moves over a scale to indicate the measurement. A current flowing through the current coil generates an electromagnetic field around the coil. The strength of this field is proportional to the line current and in phase with it. The potential coil has, as a general rule, a high-value resistor connected in series with it to reduce the current that flows through it.
The result of this arrangement is that on a DC circuit, the deflection of the needle is proportional to both the current (I) and the voltage (V), thus conforming to the equation P=VI.
For AC power, current and voltage may not be in phase, owing to the delaying effects of circuit inductance or capacitance. On an AC circuit the deflection is proportional to the average instantaneous product of voltage and current, thus measuring active power, P=VI cos φ. Here, cos φ represents the power factor which shows that the power transmitted may be less than the apparent power obtained by multiplying the readings of a voltmeter and ammeter in the same circuit.
Electronic[edit]
Siemens electrodynamometer, circa 1910, F = Fixed coil, D = Movable coil, S = Spiral spring, T = Torsion head, M = Mercury cups, I = Index needle
Prodigit Model 2000MU (UK version), shown in use and displaying a reading of 10 watts being consumed by the appliance
Electronic wattmeters are used for direct, small power measurements or for power measurements at frequencies beyond the range of electrodynamometer-type instruments.
Digital[edit]
A modern digital wattmeter samples the voltage and current thousands of times a second. For each sample, the voltage is multiplied by the current at the same instant; the average over at least one cycle is the real power. The real power divided by the apparent volt-amperes (VA) is the power factor. A computer circuit uses the sampled values to calculate RMS voltage, RMS current, VA, power (watts), power factor, and kilowatt-hours. The readings may be displayed on the device, retained to provide a log and calculate averages, or transmitted to other equipment for further use. Wattmeters vary considerably in correctly calculating energy consumption, especially when real power is much lower than VA (highly reactive loads, e.g. electric motors). Simple meters may be calibrated to meet specified accuracy only for sinusoidal waveforms. Waveforms for switched-mode power supplies as used for much electronic equipment may be very far from sinusoidal, leading to unknown and possibly large errors at any power. This may not be specified in the meter's manual.
Precision and accuracy[edit]
There are limitations to measuring power with inexpensive wattmeters, or indeed with any meters not designed for low-power measurements. This particularly affects low power (e.g. under 10 watts), as used in standby; readings may be so inaccurate as to be useless (although they do confirm that standby power is low, rather than high).[4] The difficulty is largely due to difficulty in accurate measurement of the alternating current, rather than voltage, and the relatively little need for low-power measurements. The specification for the meter should specify the reading error for different situations. For a typical plug-in meter the error in wattage is stated as ±5% of measured value ±10 W (e.g., a measured value of 100W may be wrong by 5% of 100 W plus 10 W, i.e., ±15 W, or 85–115 W); and the error in kW·h is stated as ±5% of measured value ±0.1 kW·h.[5] If a laptop computer in sleep mode consumes 5 W, the meter may read anything from 0 to 15.25 W, without taking into account errors due to non-sinusoidal waveform. In practice accuracy can be improved by connecting a fixed load such as an incandescent light bulb, adding the device in standby, and using the difference in power consumption.[4] This moves the measurement out of the problematic low-power zone.
Radio frequency[edit]
Instruments with moving coils can be calibrated for direct current or power frequency currents up to a few hundred hertz. At radio frequencies a common method is a rectifier circuit arranged to respond to current in a transmission line; the system is calibrated for the known circuit impedance. Diode detectors are either directly connected to the source, or used with a sampling system that diverts only a portion of the RF power through the detector. Thermistors and thermocouples are used to measure heat produced by RF power and can be calibrated either directly or by comparison with a known reference source of power.[6] A bolometer power sensor converts incident radio frequency power to heat. The sensor element is maintained at a constant temperature by a small direct current. The reduction in current required to maintain temperature is related to the incident RF power. Instruments of this type are used throughout the RF spectrum and can even measure visible light power. For high-power measurements, a calorimeter directly measures heat produced by RF power.[6]
Watthour meters[edit]
Main article: Electricity meter
Itron OpenWay wattmeter with two-way communications for remote reading, in use by DTE Energy
An instrument which measures electrical energy in watt hours is essentially a wattmeter which integrates the power over time (essentially multiplies the power by elapsed time). Digital electronic instruments measure many parameters and can be used where a wattmeter is needed: volts, current in amperes, apparent instantaneous power, actual power, power factor, energy in [k]W·h over a period of time, and cost of electricity consumed.
See also[edit]
Electronics portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wattmeters.
Microwave power meter
References[edit]
^ Close, Charles M. "Chapter 8: Power and Energy". The Analysis of Linear Circuits. p. 395.
^ Electric Meter
^ US3959724A - Electronic wattmeter
^ a b US Lawrence Livermore laboratory, Standby Power, measuring standby
^ Data listed in text from manual for inexpensive plug-in electricity meter Brennenstuhl PM230. The lowest measurable current is given as 0.02 A, which corresponds to about 5 W at 230 VAC
^ a b Joseph J. Carr, RF Components and Circuits, Newnes, 2002 ISBN 978-0-7506-4844-8 pages 351–370
External links[edit]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Wattmeter". Encyclopædia Britannica. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
DC Metering Circuits chapter from Lessons in Electric Circuits series
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1,271 | We have free parking behind the store off Charles Street !! Park in the lot and come in through the back door !! | {
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1,272 | Webinar on Solar Powered Irrigation Systems for Small-scale Farmers in Mozambique – Status and Opportunity for the Sector (Register)
Wednesday, Dec 15, 9:00-10:45 am CET
Mini-Grid Financing
From energypedia
Contents
1 Overview
2 Table of Contents
3 Kenya Mini-Grid Market Overview: Market Size and relevant actors
4 Further Information
5 References
Overview
This financing guidebook for mini-grid businesses was developed to provide guidelines
and basic recommendations for securing various forms of financing for the most relevant types of mini-grid businesses and projects in Kenya. It serves to provide an overview of mini-grids and the key financing concepts and procedures that developers should consider when developing mini-grid projects. The handbook eases the understanding of the most relevant aspects of financing mini-grids and sheds light on the financing process, options and timings for project developers. It presents an overview of typical (simplified) investment cases, giving corresponding illustrations of tariff structures and key considerations for financing methods for each case.
The guidebook is targeting (prospective) mini-grid developers who seek to get a general understanding of financing a mini-grid in Kenya but can also serve as a reference to other stakeholders. It, therefore, offers a general introduction to mini-grid financing in Kenya and is not targeting mini-grid financing experts and companies already engaged with financing mini-grids.While this handbook intends to display the required knowledge for mini-grid financing, mini-grid projects are very site specific. The authors of this handbook, therefore, do not accept any liability for commercial or investment decisions taken on the grounds of the knowledge presented within.
The handbook is the most recent addition to a series of publications by ProSolar for mini-grid practitioners, coming after a practical guide to mini-grid site selection, licensing and sizing.
Table of Contents
Link of the guidebook: Mini-Grid Financing Guidebook
Introduction 10
Understanding Mini-Grid Financing 12
2.1. Basic Finance Principles 12
2.2. Corporate vs. Project Financing 14
2.3. The Different Pools of Money in Global Finance 15
2.4. Types of Financing and their Considerations 21
2.5. Stages of Financing 23
2.6. Types and Timing of Financing for Mini-grid Projects 28
2.7. What Investors Value in Companies they Invest In 30
3. Kenya Mini-Grid Market Overview 34
3.1. Market size and relevant actors 34
3.2. Framework conditions 35
3.3. Financing Mini-Grids in Kenya 37
4. Solar-Hybrid Mini-Grid Business Models and Cost-structures 40
4.1. Case 1 - Micro-Grid 43
4.2. Case 2 - Isolated Mini-Grid 47
4.3. Case 3 - Small Power Distributor 51
5. How to Apply for and Secure Financing for Mini-Grid Developers 56
5.1. Financing Steps for Mini-grid Developers 57
5.2. Challenges for securing finance 72
6. Conclusion 73
Annex 75
Kenya Mini-Grid Market Overview: Market Size and relevant actors
The National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA) estimates the off-grid market in Kenya to consist of around 1 million households, many of which can best be served by solar home systems. Around 280 clusters of more than 50 structures, which are suitable for mini-grids, have been identified through a satellite mapping in the off-grid area. Considering smaller communities will result in a significantly larger amount of communities that can be served by micro-grids. Furthermore, mini-grids in grid-proximity can be a viable option in case the potential future grid integration is part of the business model.
There are currently 21 mini-grids in operation under a public model, of which 19 are owned by the Rural Electrification Authority (REA) and operated by KPLC and 2 are owned and operated by the Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen). These mini-grids are predominantly diesel fuelled, some of which have smaller solar or wind components. There are plans to retrofit and hybridize all existing systems with renewable energy components. The isolated mini-grids operated by KPLC currently have about 20,000 connections in total (less than 0.5% of the Kenyan population). The total installed capacity for these mini-grids is 24.8 MW comprising of 23.7 MW thermal, 0.55 MW wind, and 0.57 MW solar. The stations operated by KenGen are located in Garissa and Lamu. Lamu was recently connected to the national grid, and construction is being undertaken to also connect Garissa to the national grid. Additionally, NGOs, communities, and academia have developed small mini-grids. Also, several private firms in Kenya are developing these mini-grids in small but densely populated areas, sometimes just next to the main grid. These sites differ greatly from the utility scale approach of KPLC in that these mini-grids are based on renewable energy (mostly solar), they are relatively mobile and cover smaller radiuses with low voltage distribution.
Read more about framework conditions and financing options in Kenya in Chapter 3.
Further Information
This guidebook has been developed as part of a series of handbooks on mini-grids. You can access the other ones on the following web pages:
GIZ-ProSolar. What size shall it be? A guide to mini-grid sizing and demand forecasting. August 2016.
GIZ-ProSolar. How do we license it? Lessons learned from the application for power generation and distribution for the Talek Power Solar Mini-Grid project. July 2015. | {
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1,273 | CHICAGO–(ENEWSPF)–April 10, 2017. City and convention development experts will lead a panel discussion on the newly designated McCormick Square during the Gerald Fogelson Forum on Real Estate. The program will take place April 20 at 5 p.m. at Roosevelt University, 425 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago.
Located between the South Loop, Chinatown, the Prairie District and Bronzeville, the McCormick Square development is designed to bring community, economic stability and entertainment to its surrounding neighborhoods and beyond.
With new hotels, arena, restaurants, rooftop garden and more, McCormick Square will be a year-round entertainment destination for visitors and locals. Future expansions are being planned for continued growth in the area.
Leading the forum will be Lori T. Healey, chief executive officer, Metropolitan Pier and Exposition Authority (MPEA). Healy joined the organization in 2015. She oversees the development of McCormick Squares’ Wintrust Arena and the Marriott Marquis. She was previously CEO of Chicago-based investment and urban economic development firm Tur Partners LLC. Her experience includes organizing the 2012 NATO Summit, held at McCormick Place, as well as managing Chicago’s bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics.
Joining Healy is David Reifman, commissioner of Chicago’s Department of Planning and Development (DPD). Reifman is responsible for leading the department’s Housing, Economic Development, and Planning & Zoning bureaus while fostering community-improvement projects and initiatives throughout the city. As commissioner of DPD, he serves on the Chicago Plan Commission, Community Development Commission and Commission on Chicago Landmarks, among other public agencies.
Representing the private sector is Thomas A. Hazinski, managing director of Convention-Sports Entertainment, HVS, which he founded in 2001. Hazinski advises state and local governments and private entities on the development of convention centers, sports facilities, performing arts centers, and many other types of public assembly facilities. HVS CSE provides feasibility studies, operational analysis, economic and fiscal impact analyses, and tax projections that support the issuance of public debt.
“McCormick Square will energize Motor Row, connect McCormick Place and China Town and become the next hot real estate market in Chicago,” said Jon B. DeVries, director, Marshall Bennett Institute of Real Estate. “Plus, the new Cermak CTA station will drive new growth just like the new Morgan Street station did in Fulton Market.”
The Gerald Fogelson Forum on Real Estate was founded in 1999 to provide industry professionals and students with an opportunity to participate in discussions and presentations by leaders in all areas of commercial real estate development. It is the foremost real estate forum in the industry.
The forum begins with a 5 p.m. reception with refreshments and hors d’oeuvres. The panel discussion will follow from 5:30 p.m. to 6:45 p.m. in the Wabash Building, Room 418. Cost is $25 per person. Roosevelt staff and students may attend for free with school identification. Please register online.
Since its founding in 2002, the Marshall Bennett Institute of Real Estate has grown to become one of the largest graduate real estate programs in the country with more than 60 current students and more than 500 graduates. Degrees offered include the Master of Business Administration with a concentration in Real Estate and the Master of Science in Real Estate.
Source: http://roosevelt.edu
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1,274 | Blockchain technology had attracted many individuals across the globe as it offered the storage of records by using cryptography technique. Many big names across the globe had mentioned their interests in the blockchain technology.
Recently, one of the United Kingdom royal family’s most conspicuous individuals accepts blockchain an intriguing improvement, as indicated by remarks he gave during a meet and greet session held on May 7, 2019.
On an official visit to Berlin, Prince Charles involved in talks with onlookers outside the Brandenburg Gate. At one point a curious digital money Twitter group member questioned,
“What do you think about bitcoins? Blockchain, bitcoins, cryptocurrency?”
Royal Prince commented,
“Blockchain – very interesting development.”
This statement contradicted to the U.K. government’s moderate position on cryptographic money that has been deciphered as negative, the royals have so far stayed calmer about the crypto coin wonder.
Sir Geoffery Vos, Chancellor of the High Court said,
“Thus far, the legal uncertainty that pervades the use of so-called crypto currencies and crypto assets for financial transactions has meant that the starting line has not been crossed. It will be crossed at some stage soon. That is for sure.”
Other prominent figures and key influencers had become progressively vocal on the blockchain technology and Bitcoin [BTC], just like, one of the nation’s most influential people conveyed his thoughts during a speech recently. Many individuals have started believing the fact that the ubiquity of both crypto and blockchain contracts was inescapable. Digital coins’ value had been surging with a stable growth rate making it a favourable asset for investments in the offing.
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1,275 | Posted on April 20, 2015 April 20, 2015 by Terri Eichholz in Books, Education, K-12, Motivation, Parenting, Teaching Tools
My students and I are huge fans of Kid President. They love his videos and beg to watch them repeatedly. I’m okay with that. Kid President is a great role model, and his giggle makes it absolutely impossible to be grumpy.
You can buy Kid President’s book here.
KP (Robby Novak) recently published a book with his videographer/brother-in-law, Brad Montague, Kid President’s Guide to Being Awesome. My students insisted that this was a necessary classroom resource, so I ordered it. It arrived just in time for a field trip for my 3rd-5th graders that involved an hour-long bus ride. The book was happily passed around during the entire trip.
The book is colorful and full of pictures. It includes monologues from some of KP’s videos and interviews he has done with celebrities. Many awesome people, including a large number of youths, are featured in the book. The book is not dry and preachy, though. Every page is motivational and includes typical KP humor. Kid President’s advice to make the world more awesome ranges from, “Give the world a reason to dance,” (#62) to “Put tape on your nose,” (#63). Other great words of wisdom are #70, “Gather your friends, dress up like superheroes, and do someone’s yard work,” and #82, “Give out handmade awards.”
Of course my favorite Kid President advice is #87:
Kid President goes on to say, “We are convinced that if you want to change a community, it starts in a classroom.”
To stay organized, there is a handy checklist in the back of the book to help you keep track of your awesomeness. Also included is a “A New Pep Talk.” Kid President recently uploaded a video inviting fans to make their own videos of the “New Pep Talk,” and send them in for possible inclusion on an upcoming special. (Submissions are due April 23, 2015.)
I would recommend this book for any classroom. Kids and adults of all ages seem to love Kid President. I also think it would be a great book to consider as a graduation gift. Parents might purchase one for home and discuss with their children which section to read each night.
I’m definitely adding this book to my “Books for Gifted Students – Or any Child Who Loves to Learn” Pinterest Board. You might also want to check out my “Inspirational Videos for Students” board, which includes many Kid President videos as well as other great resources.
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Tagged awesome, books, education, inspiration, Kid President
Published by Terri Eichholz
Terri is a curriculum and tech integration specialist, speaker, and author with a passion for engaging and empowering learners. She delivers engaging professional learning, consultations on a variety of educational needs, and professional articles for various outlets . Find out more about Terri on the About page in the site menu. View all posts by Terri Eichholz
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1,276 | Dreams left unfulfilled; Vijayan leaves Mohana midway through journey | tea seller from kochi| couples from fort kochi who travels| kerala news| vijayan traveller kochi
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Dreams left unfulfilled; Vijayan leaves Mohana midway through journey
Nov 19, 2021, 02:23 PM IST
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KR Vijayan, the smiling tea seller from Kochi and the globe-trotter who explored the unfathomable wonders of the world despite the hardships he faced in life, is no more. Vijayan, who spent a lifetime travelling to different countries along with his wife, left behind a legacy when he breathed his last on Friday at his house in Kochi.
His life is the open chapter that could tell us that some dreams which may seem impossible at first will evently be a reality if you put your heart to it.
“Man cannot discover new oceans unless he has the courage to lose sight of the shore.” – Andre Gide
Vijayan and his wife Mohana, the magical couple who visited 26 countries during 16 years, were planning a trip to Japan next. It was only a few weeks ago that the couple returned to Kerala from their trip to Russia with plans for their upcoming trip to be finalised once they sort out the expenses. He was sharing the Russian stories of the days he spend in the cold, and the rednesss of Stalingrad to the locals on Friday morning when the untimely death came calling for him.
Vijayan in his tea stall
The couple’s first-ever journey was an 18-day long visit to Israel with Swami Sandeep Chaitanya back in 2007. The trip cost them about Rs 3 lakh and a lot of personal sacrifice in their life. Since their journey in 2007, the couple has been saving Rs 300 a day from their income from their tea shop. Despite all financial insecurities, the couple would take a loan, travel to a foreign country, return and spend the next 3 years repaying the debt and plan their next trip.
His tea shop near Salim Rajan Road in Kochi, which remains shut during the travel, has its walls covered with many photographs of the countries they have visited, maps and newspaper cuttings from their trips. The couple has travelled to Britain, France, Egypt, the USA, UAE, Israel, South Africa, Brazil, Peru, Argentina, Australia, Singapore and many more countries.
Life was not easy for Vijayan while he was growing up. Pilgrimage to several temples in Kerala with his father developed his passion for travelling. However, with the untimely demise of his father, family responsibilities fell on his shoulders and his dreams of travelling came to a standstill.
It was only in 1988 that he resumed his passion when he accompanied his cook on a pilgrimage to the Himalayas. He once said that a journey from Cherthala to see Kochi was the journey that fueled him to be a traveller in his life.
Vijayan and his wife Mohana had gained media attention as they managed to travel to over 26 foreign countries with the earnings from a small tea stall. He sells tea for Rs 5.
Read more: Globe-trotting tea seller from Kochi passes away
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1,277 | Antique English Oak Circa 1890 Military Campaign Chest Of Drawers Lovely Size | English Antique Victorian
English Antique Victorian
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Antique English Oak Circa 1890 Military Campaign Chest Of Drawers Lovely Size
October 12, 2020 antique
Wimbledon-Furniture is delighted to offer for sale this lovely solid English oak Military Campaign style chest of drawers. A good looking and well made chest, its very utilitarian, it would suit pretty much any location and would work in any setting. These are original campaign drawers and date to circa 1890, they are solid oak as mentioned. We have cleaned waxed and polished them from top to bottom, they have all the original patina still in place as desired by all collectors. Please note all measurements are taken at the widest point, if you would like any additional or specific measurements please ask. This item is available for collection from our Wimbledon warehouses SW19-3BE, we can have it delivered nationwide to include Scotland Wales and Ireland. Wimbledon-Furniture is a privately owned family ran business out of Wimbledon SW19, we have four large storage warehouses, if you have any questions my number is under the business sellers information, please feel free to call or text. Please view the very detailed pictures as they form part of the description around condition. Please note vintage period and original items such as leather seating will always have natural patina in the form of cracking creasing and wear, we recommend regular waxing to ensure no moisture is lost, also hand dyed leather is not recommended to sit in direct sunlight for prolonged periods of time as it will dry out and fade. COURIER (LARGE ITEMS ONLY THAT CANT BE POSTED). Whoever delivers will always require help on the larger items to unload, the price you will be quoted will always be based on this assumption, if this is not possible please let us know as it will affect the price to send a two man team. The item “ANTIQUE ENGLISH OAK CIRCA 1890 MILITARY CAMPAIGN CHEST OF DRAWERS LOVELY SIZE” is in sale since Wednesday, September 9, 2020. This item is in the category “Antiques\Antique Furniture\Chests of Drawers\20th Century”. The seller is “wimbledon-furniture-01″ and is located in London Wimbledon. This item can be shipped worldwide.
Style: Adams
Material: Oak
Original/Reproduction: Original
Type: Bank of Drawers
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Jump to: Select a forum ------------------ News Announcement Sezam - Buy it Now Антенный маркет Digisat.ru HDSAT.BY Sat.com.ru Юг///TELESAT Sezam - Enigma mips EGAMI Team EGAMI - Sezam Marvel EGAMI - Sezam 5000HD EGAMI - Sezam 1000HD EGAMI - Images Sezam Marvel Sezam 5000HD Sezam 1000HD Sezam Bootloaders OpenATV Team OpenATV Sezam Marvel OpenATV - Sezam 5000HD OpenATV - Sezam 1000HD Official OpenATV forum E2 Teams Plugins & Skins EMU How To Enigma 2 Backup Sezam community Spark - Enigma sh4 Fulan Spark AR-P Team openATV Made by Google Chromecast Ultra | {
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1,279 | [{"id":39809823146144,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"SQ9353698","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":false,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Alume Rutilated Quartz Necklace","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":172500,"weight":57,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_management":"shopify","barcode":"","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}]
one of a kind rutilated quartz necklace
24.5ct red rutilated quartz
hand fabricated in recycled 14k rose gold
ethically sourced from the Pyramid mine in Brazil
16”-18” adjustable 14k rose gold chain
Gazing into this one of a kind rutilated quartz gem is like admiring a painting. Seeing the red rutile lines that appear like brush strokes, it looks as if Mother Nature painted wisps of fire inside a gemstone. The hand fabricated rose gold setting reflects the unique brushed rutile pattern while gracefully framing this piece of nature’s artwork. Ethically sourced from the Pyramid mine in Bahia, Brazil, this gem shines even brighter through its impact.
Diamond/Gemstone Origin
This pendant features ethically sourced red rutilated quartz from the Pyramid mine in Novo Horizonte, Brazil.
Metal Origin
100% recycled gold.
Our precious metals are carefully sourced to reflect our commitment to the Earth and to social and environmental justice. Learn more about our recycled and Fairmined precious metals.
How It’s Made
This necklace was handmade in our Carlsbad, CA studio.
Impact of Your Purchase
Supporting responsible sourcing and sustainable design
Investing in the wellbeing and economy of mining communities
Supporting a local artisan and manufacturing economy
Investing in the growth of a sustainable and compassionate jewelry industry
Delivery Time
This necklace is one of a kind and currently in stock. Please allow 2 days plus shipping.
Our Ethos
As a member of Ethical Metalsmiths and part of their advisory group, we hope to be among the first movers bringing transparency and sustainable practices into the jewelry world. To learn more about Ethical Metalsmiths and Fairmined gold and ethically sourced gems, visit: ethicalmetalsmiths.org. For more information on our pieces and practices, please contact us, we're happy to share and answer any questions you might have. All of our pieces are made in our studio in San Diego and we use low-impact, environmentally conscious studio practices to lessen our footprint.
Shipping & Returns
Shipping Information
All orders are insured for the full value and shipped via UPS or USPS with tracking and delivery confirmation. Next day and 2nd Day shipping options are also available for an additional cost. 2nd Day UPS shipping is recommended for orders over $1000 as USPS does not insure packages of this value or higher. Orders of in-stock merchandise generally ship next business day. Please allow 5-7 additional business days for custom orders and made to order items.
Liability of the package is transferred to the UPS once the package has been shipped. Enji is not responsible for late deliveries due to delays caused by USPS, UPS, or international customs offices. It is the responsibility of the customer to ensure the address provided is correct. Any additional shipping costs due to incorrect address or unclaimed packages will be charged to the customer.
Returns & Exchanges
Your satisfaction is very important to us. If for any reason you are not satisfied with your purchase, we will accept returns for items postmarked within 14 days of receipt. All sales on custom orders and discounted items are final.
If returning items please use a well-padded box or envelope and a traceable carrier. We cannot be responsible for items that are lost or damaged during return shipping. All costs related to return shipping are paid by the customer.
Jewelry Care
As a general rule of thumb, avoid wearing your jewelry in the shower, while sleeping, or when exercising. It is also best to avoid wearing gold jewelry when swimming or cleaning as chemicals such as chlorine can damage the metal. We like to follow the “last on, first off” rule to help keep them clean.
Natural wear and tear means polished and matte finishes turn into more of a satin finish over time, especially on pieces like rings which get heavier wear. We’re happy to restore your piece to it’s original finish anytime.
The silver in some of our items has been darkened with patina or plated with black rhodium, natural wear and tear will expose highlights over time. All of our white gold pieces are rhodium plated and we recommend having them plated again every year.
For light cleaning, mild soap and warm water works best. You can also use a clean soft baby toothbrush or makeup brush with soap and warm water for a little heavier cleaning.
All of our gold and silver pieces containing diamonds, rubies, or sapphires can also be cleaned with an ultrasonic or steam cleaner.
Pieces containing black tourmalines, morganites, aquamarines, or agates are not suitable for ultrasonic or steam cleaning.
For refinishing and repair inquiries, please send us an email at [email protected]. We reserve the right to deny unreasonable repair requests.
Handmade in
San Diego, California
Committed to sustainability,
ethical sourcing, and low-impact studio practices
Certified Fairmined and
recycled precious metals
You may also like
Alume Rutilated Quartz Necklace
$1,725.00
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Enji Studio Insiders get first access to new one of a kind collections, exclusives shopping events, and free shipping! Join our the Insiders today! | {
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1,280 | Gartner predicts that through 2022, only 20% of organizations investing in information governance will succeed in scaling governance for digital business.
That’s a lot of failure.
Data governance is a challenging discipline, for reasons that are fairly well known. Attend any data governance conference and you will hear a lot of talk about insufficient funding and lack of executive support, the absence of a single data governance tool or technology in the market that satisfies all (or most) business requirements, and the difficulty of finding skilled resources. More fundamentally, I believe that there is often a lack of understanding and agreement on what exactly constitutes data governance, which makes it difficult to present abusiness case and execute data governance initiatives successfully.There is no dearth of definitionsof data governance, but they are often abstract and do not provide guidance on how to go about it, raising the question: how do we govern data governance?
In practical terms, I like to think of data governance in terms of seven dimensions or competencies.Using these competencies we can apply portfolio management techniques to data governance which creates clarity for all stakeholders, enables us to use well-known practices, and improves the ability to deliver data governance initiatives successfully. This approach also us to clearly define the risks and rewards of the initiatives, and create a business case.
The seven dimensions of data governance are as follows.
Master data:The goal of mastering data is to bring together fragmented data in one place for all the important “nouns” of the business – employees, customers, products, suppliers, patients, providers and so on. This data fragmentation may be in terms of completeness (customer name is in one database, date of birth in another), quality (multiple address may be spread across multiple databases, all at variable levels of cleanliness) and quantity (some customers are in one database, some in another). MDM improves data quality and consistency, enables business stewardship of data, and reduces IT implementation costs, and is perhaps the second most widely accepted and matured data governance dimension in existence today.
Reference data: Reference data is that which further clarifies important data entities (akin to adjectives and adverbs); for example, customer state or zip code, supplier reliability rating and customer order payment type.Industry specific terminologies, for example ICD codes in healthcare, are also examples of reference data. Reference data is the glue that holds together systems and provides consistency to reporting and analytics, and yet arguably the most undervalued of the data governance dimensions.
Metadata: Metadata, famously the “data about data” describes your data. For example, the metadata about customer last name could include the list of application systems where that data field is held and how it is stored in each system (20 characters wide in one system, 15 characters wide in another system). Metadata can be strung together to build data lineage, which helps us understand detailed, end-to-end data provenance, and figure out (for example) why the last few characters of an individual’s last name were truncated in a downstream report. Collecting and managing metadata can be laborious and of questionable value, which is why many organizations hesitate to invest substantially in this form of data governance. However, a clear vision and proper stakeholder participation can yield substantial ROI in terms of improved quality of software development, improved data quality and efficient compliance reporting.
Information Catalogs: In the context of data governance, information catalogs typically refer to either data or reports catalogs. The terms are self-descriptive. A data catalog lists information about different data sets available across the enterprise (or some part of the enterprise), while a reports catalog lists the different reports (including dashboards etc.) across a set of application or reporting systems. This information held in the catalogs is in fact the metadata described above: the information catalog holds metadata about data sets and reports. The primary benefit of information catalogs to enable faster search of information assets, improving productivity. A good reports catalog helps users find existing reports and prevent duplicate report requests, which can yield very high return on investment.
Business Vocabularies: As business has become complex, so has the business vocabulary. How can a company report on customer churn rate without first precisely define the terms customer and churn rate? How do you define an attending physician for a patient that was seen by several physicians and specialists during a hospital stay? For an organization to speak the same language, they must first agree on a common vocabulary. (Taxonomies and ontologies fall in this dimension as well.) Defining and implementing processes for business vocabulary governance yields rich dividends in business efficiency and analytic accuracy.
Data Quality:Data quality is perhaps the oldest data governance competency, and hence often considered synonymous with it. Data quality problems can be extremely wide-ranging, from unclean addresses (leading to returned mail costing hundreds of thousands of dollars) to complex, systemic problems related to other dimensions of data governance (for example, fragmented master data or inconsistent reference data) that can be difficult to detect and even more difficult and expensive to correct. This makes data quality governance a potentially nebulous activity, difficult to scope unless there is a clear vision and well defined business drivers.
Big Data/Analytics:These are heady times for big data and artificial intelligence/machine learning, not unlike the California gold rush of the mid-nineteenth century. There is gold in the mountains of data, and everyone is off to mine it, loaded with all kinds of tools and improvisations. Governance is not uppermost in their minds, but there is a growing awareness of the need to integrate data lakes and big data analytics into enterprise data governance. New generation data catalog tools have taken the lead in this regard, but much more needs to happen.
To fully define a data governance problem or goal and deliver an initiative, we also need to apply a data governance framework to each of the above, which is a topic for a different day.
What is your experience with data governance? I look forward to hearing about it.
Rajan Chandras is director information management at NYU Langone Health, a premier academic medical center headquartered in New York City. His responsibilities include data architecture and strategy, master data management, data governance, and big data. The views expressed here are his own and not necessarily those of his employer.
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Home Guest Author How AI Can Build More Resilient Businesses in the Pandemic and Beyond
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How AI Can Build More Resilient Businesses in the Pandemic and Beyond
By
Vikram Mahidhar
-
May 26, 2020
As COVID-19 continues to drive disruption globally, some companies may be questioning whether they should be pursuing their digital transformation ambitions. However, businesses need to consider before applying the brakes on innovation projects. For many, the addition of artificial intelligence (AI) in their strategies will help them survive the pandemic and thrive beyond it.
With advanced business modeling and data analysis delivering insights, AI can provide companies with the adaptive capabilities required to remain resilient throughout the current situation, and ultimately drive long-term success. Indeed, harnessing AI can help businesses create the ultimate competitive advantage- better customer experience. Genpact’s latest AI360 study provides perspectives from 500 global senior executives and 4,000 workers, and UK executives about top AI benefits.
How the CIO Role Will Evolve Post Covid-19 Pandemic
Before deciding whether to pause AI implementations or not, companies must consider their options strategically. Crucially, they should be assessing which efforts will bring the greatest value right now, and how they can make the most of AI to create a better customer experience that will ensure deeper relationships.
There are three key areas businesses should prioritize:
Focusing employees on the most important tasks
The current mass shift to remote working has highlighted the value of digital operations. Many businesses have found that with the right smart tools — particularly online collaboration and cloud-based platforms — they can continue to function effectively and even more efficiently than before. In Genpact’s survey, senior executives say a key AI benefit is freeing up employees to focus on more important responsibilities. With AI shouldering the burden of labor and time-intensive repetitive admin tasks, unrestricted creative thinkers and sales drivers have more time to redirect their efforts to deliver the best possible experiences to customers.
Empowering workforce knowledge
AI can deliver vital intelligence to help businesses make tough decisions faster, which is even more critical during the pandemic. For example, demand and supply problems can be difficult to predict in the current environment, and AI can help arm employees with more intelligence to respond quickly across the enterprise. By empowering their employees with AI tools, they can connect the dots and analyze trends quickly, with technology that continually learns and creates scenarios to enable more strategic decisions. But this only works if companies educate their employees about how to use AI effectively.
COVID-19 Impact – Gartner Lowers Global IT Spending Projection for 2020
The majority of UK senior executives in Genpact’s study agree that AI upskilling is important: 61% say they’re talking about providing employees with training. But it seems these good intentions aren’t always translating into action today, with less than a third (31%) of UK respondents saying their companies currently provide reskilling. Clearly, it’s an urgent need for businesses to bridge the skills gap.
Maintaining customer confidence
While two-thirds of global consumers in Genpact’s survey feel AI has positively impacted their lives, 60% say they will still expect to be served by humans when they look ahead to the next two years. Businesses must, therefore, keep a careful watch on how to integrate AI with customer experience processes to ensure consumers feel comfortable with interactions, and ultimately drive loyalty.
Additionally, while more than half (53%) of global consumers are comfortable with companies using smart tech to manage their data, 67% are concerned that machine-based decision-making might lead to discrimination against them.
As intelligent tools become a more common feature of customer-facing touchpoints and enhance the analytics that drives decisions, it is essential for businesses to ensure AI applications align with what customers actually want for a superior experience. This is particularly important as the global pandemic drives huge shifts in how consumers decide what to buy and from whom.
IDC: Global Cloud IT Infrastructure Exceeded Spending on Non-cloud IT Infrastructure
The steps businesses take today can significantly impact their fortunes tomorrow, and AI plays a vital role. But finding the best path through difficult times will require a considered strategy for maximizing AI opportunities. To secure sustained success, companies must allocate resources to areas that will increase their productivity and competitive edge. By empowering employees with the knowledge to drive maximum value from AI and freeing them up to think more creatively about important decisions, businesses can vastly improve customer experiences and build resilience to inevitable and continued change.
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Vikram Mahidhar
https://enterprisetalk.com/
Vikram Mahidhar is an entrepreneur, innovator, and advisor. At Genpact, he leads the Digital Transformation business, which drives large-scale business transformation using artificial intelligence, analytics, intelligent automation, and cloud for Genpact clients, which include a quarter of the Global Fortune 500.
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1,282 | A new true crime documentary called 'Memories of a Murderer: The Nilsen Tapes' arrives on Netflix today. Here's everything you need to know.
'Memories of a Murderer' depicts British serial killer, Dennis Nilsen, who confessed to killing 15 people in 1983. His crimes were first exposed by a clogged drain.
Over a five-year period between the '70s and '80s, he picked up vulnerable young men and boys and lured them back to his home. There, he strangled them, before disposing of their bodies under the floorboards.
'Memories of a Murderer' includes unique access to personal archive that was left in Nilsen's cell after his death.
It delves into over 250 hours of never-before-published cassette tapes of his private recordings.
We learn of how Nilsen grew up from a young boy in a quiet Scottish fishing village to a cold-blooded murderer hunting in the streets of London.
Aside from Nilsen's own voice, there are also interviews with police, journalists, survivors, and bereaved families in the doc.
'Memories of a Murderer' comes from the makers of 'Don't F**k with Cats'.
It is 85 minutes long and on Netflix now.
Watch a clip from the documentary below.
Dennis Nilsen’s crimes were first exposed by a clogged drain. He later confessed to having killed 15 young men and boys in the 1970s and 1980s. | {
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1,283 | February 4, 2017 February 4, 2017 entirelyuseless Ethics, Politics, Uncategorized Basic Income, Culture, Economics, Elliot Milco, G. K. Chesterton, Labor, Markets, Progress, Socialism, St. Paul, Taxes, Time, Tradinista Collective
Many plans for human society may be possible in the way that bringing back last Friday is impossible, and yet not be real human possibilities. It is easy for us to see this in the case of plans that correspond to things that have never existed, as for example the sort of plan proposed by people with socialist tendencies. For example, the Tradinista manifesto states:
8. Livelihood should not depend on the market.
Markets are not unjust in themselves, but they become vehicles of exploitation when people must sell their labor-power on the market in order to survive. So, while citizens should be free to engage in market exchange, the polity should ensure that no basic needs – food, clothing, shelter, healthcare, etc. – go unmet, guaranteeing a livelihood independent of the market.
Consider this as it stands. According to this, markets are “vehicles of exploitation” if I have no way to survive without selling my labor-power, that is, without getting a job. “The polity should ensure” that this does not happen. It must guarantee that if I prefer not to get a job, I do not need to get one, and that there remains a way for me to survive without one.
Let’s suppose we live in such a polity, and I declare that I don’t like jobs, and I have decided that I will not get one. What happens now? How does the polity ensure that I can survive, and that I do not need to get a job?
The tradinista response becomes somewhat confused when confronted directly with this question. They do not clearly state that they favor a Basic Income guarantee, but in fact this would be the only reasonable way to implement their requirement without making people who choose not to work into slaves, which would thereby nullify the idea that people are not obliged to work, as one can see after a little thought. We will look at this more closely below.
The problem with the manifesto is not that it favors a basic income. It might well turn out that the idea is reasonable, and that someday it can be implemented in some society. But there is indeed a problem with the claim that this belongs to the very essence of a just society. There is simply no proof, nor good reasons to believe, that this is workable or conducive to human welfare in the real world and in presently existing societies. Suppose the USA were to adopt the above statement from the tradinista manifesto as a constitutional amendment. If they are right that this belongs to the nature of a just society, such an amendment would be commendable.
First, some people may decide to stop working. I might do so myself, given my preference for the useless. “The polity” would be obliged to support these people. Whether given as money or in other forms, that support would be taken from taxes, which would mean that taxes would rise. This might make working for a living more uncomfortable for some others, and some of these might decide to stop working themselves. And so the process might well repeat until the whole of society is at the level of bare subsistence, and many would die, as a result of their borderline subsistence condition.
Now there is no guarantee that we would get this result. But there is no guarantee that we would not, so the tradinista proposal does not make sense as a condition for a just society, unless they view this consequence as acceptable.
All of this is in fact why St. Paul says, “For even when we were with you, we gave you this command: Anyone unwilling to work should not eat.”
The tradinista site responds to this use of St. Paul:
“He who does not work, neither shall he eat.” In using this line against the Manifesto Milco puts himself in the tradition of those many who have imagined an apodictic Apostolic anathematization of Left politics; he also demonstrates how little he understands the philosophy embedded in the Manifesto.
Neither the Tradinista Collective nor any other Leftist thinkers imagine that human welfare might be decoupled from human labor. Indeed, in their relentless emphasis on the importance of the common worker, Leftists tend to emphasize just how essential work is to the maintenance and flourishing of society. Leftists do not differ from apologists of capital by devaluing labor – they differ in their view of how labor should be politically governed.
One of the basic insights of the Left, to which the Manifesto is much indebted, is that the absence or near-invisibility of explicit physical coercion does not therefore make the market an arena of authentic human freedom. The Manifesto’s authors take for granted that in labor relations, in debts, and in interactions with the agents of state power, a liberal illusion of free and equal treatment under the law often hides instances of oppression and corruption – instances which liberals can endorse only because their worldview allows them to be overlooked. Once however they are not overlooked, the formal or legal distinction of free and unfree labor becomes only one important distinction among many. To rely solely on that distinction, to “outsource” decisions about the relations of workers to the market, seems to the authors of the Manifesto to be a kind of ethical abdication – a fine illustration of the weakness of moral philosophy in our times.
This is virtually incoherent. Consider again the statement from the manifesto, that markets “become vehicles of exploitation when people must sell their labor-power on the market in order to survive.” What is the alternative? In the response above, they say in a roundabout way, although with much confusion, “yes, people will still have to work, or they won’t be able to survive.” But then either they are being paid for their work, and thus they are selling their labor, or they are not being paid. The implication of these alternatives is obvious: either you sell your labor for money, or you sell yourself into slavery. Your choice.
Chesterton’s argument is that the above sort of argument should only apply to things that have never existed, such as socialism. It should not apply to arrangements that have actually existed in the real world. Times are all alike, so if something has existed in the past, it can exist again.
The response to this is found in the last post. In many cases, neither the original arrangements nor the new arrangements came about by human planning. So we should not find it surprising if human planning cannot revert things to the original arrangement. In this sense, many changes in human society are in fact humanly irreversible.
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Discovering SEO Expert in Stockton on Tees Is absolutely not Very hard In the least! You merely Need to have A good Teacher!
Posted on May 28, 2018 by
Robert Collins
Business Online And Ultizing Search Engine Optimisation
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You ought to have only enough keywords to succeed at SEO. Will not include a lot more than twenty percent of keywords on your page.
When attempting to boost your site’s search engine marketing, be patient. Significant changes cannot happen instantly. In contrast to what some may tell you, it could be months prior to starting to acquire a steady stream of traffic, especially when your blog just been built. In the same way by having an offline business, the reputation of a cyber business needs time to enhance.
It is advisable to see how long they are in the market. To make a thoroughly researched and informed decision, you ought to be aware about the possible risks involved with your selection.
Use header tags to your great advantage. Headers can often be too big, but CSS might be employed to regulate sizes. Headers are fantastic in that search engines like yahoo make use of them to build up site rankings. The most crucial areas of your page, just like the goods and services you will be offering, must be flagged with either H1 or H2 tags.
Present yourself for an experienced veteran of your own field. This is an excellent technique for maximizing profits. Make sure that you build a site that has a specific targeted audience, simply because this will help you to better enhance your SEO strategy. Always remember to provide the shoppers what they really want, not what you believe they desire.
Tend not to use Flash online you want to browse engine optimize. It will take forever to load and isn’t readable by search engines like google. To optimize a site for search engines like yahoo, the material needs to be visible and easily available to google search crawlers.
To create a specific page of a website more google search friendly, include keywords within the page’s URL. In the event the page URL contains things people aren’t likely to check out, the page isn’t likely to get a high ranking. When you use relevant keywords, your website traffic will improve.
Always include descriptive and efficient tags when attempting to enhance your SEO. Retain the tag under 30 words. This site needs to be you can forget then 100 KB.
You entire website such be simple to navigate and read see Should you design a web site which happens to be simple to navigate and look at, including accessibility options like making the font size larger, you’ll discover that your blog ranks higher on search engines like yahoo. This is certainly excellent for both prospective customers with impairments and disabilities, plus your search ranking, too.
Even though seo are often very perplexing for experts, it doesn’t must be closed off to the beginner. It is actually easy to perform a good job optimizing your blog on your own if you implement a couple of basic techniques much like the ones you simply read. Improved online traffic might be closer than you feel!.
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1,285 | Application News Busy as a Bee Biobiene © (German for ‘bio-bee’) is an innovative range of packaging and foodware service products made entirely from biodegradable and compostable materials, such as co-polyester (PBAT) or PLA-PBATblends. From envelopes to microwavable plates and from packaging chips to party cups, all Biobiene items comply with stringent EN 13432 standards on biodegradability and compostability. So with no recovery obligations for manufacturer or vendor, disposal of Biobiene products is simple and sustainable – where a composting or biowaste disposal infrastructure is available. FSP – Full Service Packaging, a small company from Hilden, Germany with a passion for sustainability has developed the Biobiene range in collaboration with like-minded manufacturers of bioplastics. The range continues to expand. Translucent air cushions in 25μm film quality were introduced in 2009 and green air-cushion sheeting in 2010, both global ‘firsts’ - MT www.fsp-online.com Biobiene © air cushions provide excellent protection for fragile goods in transit. Available in small, medium and large, they can be delivered ready inflated, or on rolls for inflation as needed. Biobiene © air-cushion sheeting is a versatile packaging aid, available in a range of standard lengths up to 5 meters, on large or small rolls. Dutch flower bulbs wrapped in a pouch pack laminate featuring transparent NatureFlex NVS from Innovia Films Flower Bulb Packaging Three Dutch exporters decided to pack their range of flower bulbs in Innovia Films’ transparent, compostable cellulosebased material, NatureFlex NVS. This pouch pack is a tri-part lamination construction of NatureFlex NVS to paper and PLA and was developed by Assenbased converters, Hapece Flexible Packaging. Managing Director of Hapece, Marius Draayer, commented “Our customers were looking for an attractive, quality pack which was eco-friendly, innovative and would ensure the contents were clearly visible. From a converter’s point of view, the addition of NatureFlex NVS to this application has also ensured that the pack can stand upright due to the deadfold properties and stiffness it provides.” The three Dutch exporters who have joined forces on this project are Florex, Kapiteyn and Mantel Holland. They have set up a sub-brand for this range ‘We Pack Nature’ which is underpinned by the old Dutch saying “A better environment begins at home”. “NatureFlex ticks many boxes for both converters and brandowners”, explained Alexander van ’t Riet, Innovia Films’ Global Sales & Marketing Director “It offers not only compostability from a renewable resource but also great technical performance. Innovia Films is delighted to have worked closely with Hapece Flexible Packaging in developing this pack and enabling the We Pack Nature group to realise their objectives on this project.” NatureFlex films are certified to meet the European EN13432, American ASTM D6400 and Australian AS4736 standards for compostable packaging. The wood-pulp is sourced from managed plantations from referenced suppliers operating Good Forestry principals (FSC or equivalent). NatureFlex films typically have a renewable biobased content of some 95% by weight of material according to ASTM D6866. www.innoviafilms.com www.hapece.nl www.wepacknature.com 34 bioplastics MAGAZINE [03/11] Vol. 6
Application News PLA Capsules for Athletic Apparel Track & Field from Brazil, entered the sporting goods arena in 1988 and established the mission of promoting and contributing to people´s health and well-being by offering the best sporting goods possible. Today, they deliver cutting edge products that are rooted on four core principles: product performance, fiber technology, fashionable design and environmental consciousness. To meet all of these pillars, Track & Field combined its retail know-how with an ecological and innovative NatureWorks Ingeo PLA packaging solution. Through this partnership the Track & Field Capsules were created. The Track & Field Capsules are used to stock, showcase and transport the athletic apparel. The Capsules are based on the three R’s: • Re-use – clients are encouraged to use the Capsules, when storing wet outfits after workout and can return the Capsules to the store; • Reduce – Track & Field removed the previous non-ecological packaging of plastic garment sack and cardboard gift box and replaced with one Ingeo Capsule; • Recycle – the Capsules are made from plants instead of oil which makes it annually renewable and leaves a smaller carbon footprint. www.tf.com.br Blue Cat – Cat Litter Box Conventional cat-litter boxes use litter which absorbs fluids. The problem here is that the litter can be used for just one time and after that it has to thrown away. This means that the customer has a lot of awkward work with it. He has to buy, to carry, to handle and to dispose of a big volume of litter. With BLUE CAT the Austrian company Texocon e.U. of Dorf an der Pram, has started a new generation of products on the pet equipment market. The Blue Cat system uses PLA pearls with a special type of filler instead of conventional cat litter. The pearls do not absorb fluids. This characteristic means that Blue Cat litter can be used for a very long time. The Blue Cat concept makes sure that fluids flow away in a closed basin and so also avoids unpleasant odours. The customer simply has to remove the cat dirt – this is the reason why there is just a little wastage of Blue Cat litter. The volume of litter used can be reduced by about 95 % compared to the conventional systems. The bio-waste from the litter tray can be composted. Blue Cat reduces costs, makes handling much easier and saves time. Blue Cat takes care of the environment and does not create any dust in the customer’s home. For the production of the PLA granules Texocon cooperated with Transfercenter für Kunststofftechnik (TCKT) in Wels, Austria and Schorm Gesellschaft m.b.H of St. Valentin, Austria. In an under-water granulating system the extruded PLA strands are shaped into their final form. Initially it was not easy to find the right geometry. In first tests, most of the cats did not accept the granules. But after correcting size and density even the most ‘fastidious‘ cats appreciated the new bedding. MT www.blue-cat.at bioplastics MAGAZINE [03/11] Vol. 6 35 | {
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1,286 | But Six-and-a-Half Avenue is a real street (inspired by Harry Potter?) tucked among the silver and gray office towers of Midtown between Sixth and Seventh Avenues.
It was the Department of Transportation’s idea, apparently. In 2012, DOT officials wanted to encourage pedestrians to use the string of existing public plazas and covered passageways running almost in a straight line from 51st to 57th Streets.
So Sixth-and-a-Half Avenue, ruled by stop signs rather than traffic lights, was born—the first fractional street in the city’s grid system.
Half avenues, though, aren’t a new idea.
In 1910, Mayor William Gaynor floated the possibility of building a half avenue between Fifth and Sixth Avenues from Eighth Street to 59th Street, bisecting Bryant Park.
The unnamed half-avenue would help reduce traffic, said Gaynor. But like so many other ideas and proposals, it never went past the concept stage.
[Image: New York Times]
Tags:6.5 Avenue, Midtown Streets, New York Avenues, Sixth and a Half Avenue, Strange NYC Streets, weirdest streets in New York City
Posted in Midtown, Transit | 4 Comments »
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1,287 | This week has turned out to be themed around vintage phone booths on Ephemeral New York. First came four glass beauties still extant along West End Avenue, the last remaining outdoor booths in New York City.
Next up is another old-school telephone discovery: a row of wooden phone booths—with restored wood chairs, small tables, accordion doors, and amazingly, actual phones—along a wall inside the Harvard Club, at 27 West 44th Street.
Did these booths once have pay phones? I’m not sure; perhaps part of being a club member meant the house picked up the charges. Members today, of course, would only duck into one to hold a private cell phone conversation.
These old wood phone booths are a rare find in the contemporary city, but discovering and documenting them allows us to time travel back to a much different New York City.
Until the 1980s and 1990s, every hotel and public building, as well as most restaurants, bars, and drugstores, had at least one public telephone booth along with a bulky paper phone directory for customers, clients, and locals who didn’t have a phone of their own. (And many people didn’t, often by choice. Imagine!)
The Harvard Club itself has its own historical cred. Designed by Charles McKim and opened in 1894, the clubhouse featured a “grill room,” offices, a library, and a couple of card and billiard rooms. McKim, a Harvard man and club member who took no fee for his work, modeled the Georgian-style brick and limestone exterior to resemble those in Harvard Yard, according to the Harvard Club website.
The club was expanded and renovated over the years, sometimes to create more space but also to keep up with social changes.
In 1973, the ladies’ entrance to the club was removed and women were admitted as full members. Though some Harvard graduate programs admitted women, Harvard and its sister school, Radcliffe College, didn’t merge their admissions until 1975.
[Top and second photos: Susan Schwartz; third photo: Wikipedia]
Tags:Old wood phone booths, Vintage wood phone booths, Where Are Wood Phone Booths in New York City, Wood phone booths, Wood Phone Booths NYC, wooden phone booths New York City
Posted in Midtown | 15 Comments »
A Midtown bar that still has a wood phone booth
October 22, 2018
Beer has been flowing at P.J. Clarke’s on Third Avenue and 55th Street since Chester Arthur was president.
And while the place looks spiffier than it has in recent years, it’s still one of those old-school saloons that kept its Gilded Age decor, like stained glass, amber lights, and a pressed tin ceiling.
There’s another old New York relic P.J. Clarke’s appears to have held onto: the bar’s wooden phone booth.
Way back in the dinosaur era of payphones, every public place had one: a phone booth with a hinged door and small stool a person would tuck themselves into to make their call out of earshot.
While the phone itself and the seat are no longer in the booth at P.J.’s, the booth itself is still there beside the end of the bar—only now it’s used to store glasses and napkins.
Not convinced that this casket-like space was a phone booth? Check out how similar its shape is to these, spotted at the Park Avenue Armory in 2010, and this one, at Bill’s on 54th Street, ID’d in 2015.
Tags:Midtown saloon Third Avenue, Old Bars in NYC, old phone booths New York City, P.J. Clarke's, Wood phone booths, Wood Phone Booths NYC
Posted in Bars and restaurants, Midtown | 6 Comments »
A wood telephone booth hides on 54th Street
March 9, 2015
After an 88-year run in a townhouse on East 54th Street, Bill’s Gay Nineties closed in 2012.
The shuttering of the former speakeasy turned saloon and restaurant was a big loss for New Yorkers who love a time warp and a mahogany bar.
Reopened and rechristened Bill’s, it’s a cleaned-up version of the old place, with much of the same decor, framed old photos, and finishings (and the silver dollars long embedded into the floor).
And luckily, the old wood telephone booth (with a phone with separate coin slots for quarters, dimes, and nickels!) off to the side of the front doors is still in place as well.
Sightings of wood phone booths are rare in Manhattan, so it’s a relief that this one wasn’t turned into a coat check or closet.
But why in the world does the staff keep one of those yellow wet-floor warning signs in there?
Tags:Bill's 54th Street, Bill's Gay Nineties bar, midtown bars, old NYC bars, saloons of New York City, speakeasy New York City, Wood phone booths
Posted in Bars and restaurants, Midtown, Music, art, theater | 4 Comments »
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1,288 | Epic Office Furniture offers FAST shipping to metropolitan areas! We aim to dispatch all stocked items to your address within 2-4 business days. If you have any questions regarding delivery, just give our friendly team a call on 1300 883 438.
Need delivery above ground floor?
If you are in a metropolitan zone and require your order to be delivered to an area above the ground floor, you can upgrade to our Premium Shipping service from $299. Let our expert team bring your items up to you rather than collecting them from a loading dock or kerbside. Due to the size of many of our products, we will require lift access to deliver your items to you, as we cannot obstruct stairways.
Regional Shipping
Epic Office Furniture aims to cater for everyone Australia-wide. If your delivery address is outside our standard metropolitan delivery zones, we offer competitive flat-rate shipping. There are some areas where the cost of shipping is too high to absorb or our carrier networks simply don’t go there. In these cases we will contact you with suitable alternatives.
Assembly
The majority of our office furniture is shipped flat packed for easy transport and to avoid damage. The furniture requires very easy assembly. Included with our furniture are detailed assembly instructions. No speciality tools are required.
Installation
If you don’t feel comfortable assembling your new office furniture or simply don’t have the time, we can organise installation for you at very reasonable prices – and we’ll even take away the rubbish! The installation fee includes our Premium Shipping service, so our team will bring your items to your space and assemble them for you! After you check out, we will ask you to provide basic information about the installation to ensure it runs smoothly. Assembly is available to most of our standard metropolitan shipping zones, but it is best to check with us prior to placing your order. If your delivery address falls outside our metropolitan zones, please call us to see if we can help you out with assembly.
Please refer to our terms and conditions for further information.
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1,289 | Result of a survey of CEO backgrounds: Background: 55% of FTSE 100 chiefs have a background in finance or accounting. 15% come from marketing; 14% technology. The best industries for working through the ranks are retail and hospitality, where around 21% of bosses started out in lowly roles. Education: The majority of CEOs have at …
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Good news
Posted by rhanrott on 2 December 2021, 9:08 pm
It has been another record year for renewable energy, despite the Covid-19 pandemic and rising costs for raw materials around the world, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA). About 290GW of new renewable energy generation capacity, mostly in the form of wind turbines and solar panels, has been installed around the world this year, …
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Filed under Enjoying your life | Comment
Meditation
Posted by rhanrott on 1 December 2021, 9:42 am
“The Science of Meditation” is collaboration between the Dalai Lama, Richard Davidson and Daniel Goldman. It makes clear what works in meditation and what doesn’t, and explains why focusing our attention minute by minute on a single facet of consciousness (a mantra, our breath, stray thoughts) has such a dramatic impact on our well-being and …
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Filed under Enjoying your life | Comment
Love very much comes within the purview of Epicureanism
Posted by rhanrott on 29 November 2021, 12:41 pm
Love Let me not to the marriage of true minds Admit impediment; love is not love which alters when it alteration finds Or bends with the remover to remove. Oh, no. It is an ever-fixed mark That looks on tempests and is never shaken. It is the star to every wandering bark Whose worth’s unknown, …
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Filed under The teachings of Epicurus | Comment
Epicureanism in short
Posted by rhanrott on 29 November 2021, 12:38 pm
Epicureanism was never meant to be a dry academic philosophy. In fact, it is best kept away from academia, where, as usual with philosophy, long words render it dull, if not incomprehensible. Rather, it is a vital way of living which seeks to free men and women from a life of unhappiness, fear and anxiety. …
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Filed under The teachings of Epicurus | Comment
Netflix
Posted by rhanrott on 26 November 2021, 9:48 am
In 2020 Netflix paid £5million in taxes on a turnover of £1.15 billion. Last year saw its subscription base jump to 13 million. (The Week 22 Oct, 2021) My comment: I love Netflix, but I love equity and fairness more. Netflix should pay a fair rate of tax, and that means much, much more, not …
Continue reading ‘Netflix’ »
Filed under Public policy | Comment
Maybe an historical event that had escaped your notice ?
Posted by rhanrott on 25 November 2021, 9:53 am
In 1839 a Cyclone slammed south eastern India with high winds and a 40 foot storm surge, destroying city of Coringa. Storm waves swept inland, destroying 20,000 ships and killing an estimated 300,000 people. My comment: Was that a freak, one-off event? I don’t know. Maybe no one knows. But it is the sort of …
Continue reading ‘Maybe an historical event that had escaped your notice ?’ »
Filed under Science, The way we live now | Comment
Why do men do this?
Posted by rhanrott on 24 November 2021, 11:45 am
Along with various inalienable rights and governing principles, the tendency for men to talk over women has now been officially recognised by the US supreme court. Newly introduced rules to the structure of oral arguments are in place to address the issue of male justices and attorneys (extremely regularly) interrupting their female colleagues. Far from …
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Filed under Enjoying your life | Comment
Good deal?
Posted by rhanrott on 23 November 2021, 12:15 pm
A propos yesterday’s posting about student accommodation……… a study by researchers at Georgetown University found the the inflation-adjusted costs of attending college rose 169% between 1980 and 2019. Over the same period the earnings for workers aged 22 to 27 rose 19%. (CNBC.com). My comment: One of the things I find amazing are the exorbitant …
Continue reading ‘Good deal?’ »
Filed under The way we live now | Comment
Doing anything for money
Posted by rhanrott on 22 November 2021, 6:31 pm
A college dorm designed by Warren Buffet’s right hand man, Charlie Munger, is being compared to an 11 storey prison. Buffet has donated 200 million dollars to the University of California, Santa Barbara, provided they adopt Munger’s design, in which 94% of the rooms have no windows, the idea being to encourage students to spend …
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Filed under The way we live now | Comment
Leaves you dumbfounded!
Posted by rhanrott on 21 November 2021, 10:31 am
A school-district official in Southlake, Texas was recorded advising staff to offer students “opposing views” and “other perspectives” on the Holocaust. Administrator, Gina Peddy, was responding to a new state law requiring schools to offer “diverse and contending perspectives” on “controversial issues”. A district spokeswomen said the law has left “all Texas teachers in a …
Continue reading ‘Leaves you dumbfounded!’ »
Filed under Politics and war | Comment
A curse on guns in the hands of amateurs
Posted by rhanrott on 20 November 2021, 9:22 am
So the 18 year old, armed with an automatic weapon suited best for military use, is fully acquitted of murder. So be it. I respect jury verdicts. But there are people who question why a teenager would be allowed to possess such a weapon of war and intervene with it in public, apparently with the …
Continue reading ‘A curse on guns in the hands of amateurs’ »
Filed under Public policy | Comment
Misrepresentation: the world’s great, burgeoning industry
Posted by rhanrott on 19 November 2021, 10:03 am
Paper Truths is a weekly newsletter that combs some of the darkest corners of the internet for disinformation and misinformation, analyzing the strategies and tactics, providing the tools needed to fight back against bad actors’ narratives. Every week it focuses on the issues that are at the center of American politics, outlining the facts that …
Continue reading ‘Misrepresentation: the world’s great, burgeoning industry’ »
Filed under Enjoying your life | Comment
Quote of the week
Posted by rhanrott on 18 November 2021, 9:36 am
“Being President is like running a cemetery; you’ve got a lot of people under you and nobody is listening”. (President Bill Clinton, quoted in the Pittsburg Post-Gazette)
Filed under The way we live now | Comment
Is this a non-sequitur?
Posted by rhanrott on 17 November 2021, 9:55 am
Speculation has emerged that penguins may be aliens after scientists found traces of a chemical from Venus in their droppings. Experts are struggling to explain how phosphine exists on Earth – 38 million miles away from Venus. Scientists in the UK who believe alien life forms may have already been detected say studying penguins could …
Continue reading ‘Is this a non-sequitur?’ »
Filed under Science, Science and rationality | Comment
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The anatomy of a ( British) CEO December 3, 2021
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Meditation December 1, 2021
Love very much comes within the purview of Epicureanism November 29, 2021
Epicureanism in short November 29, 2021
Netflix November 26, 2021
Maybe an historical event that had escaped your notice ? November 25, 2021
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1,290 | Along with various inalienable rights and governing principles, the tendency for men to talk over women has now been officially recognised by the US supreme court. Newly introduced rules to the structure of oral arguments are in place to address the issue of male justices and attorneys (extremely regularly) interrupting their female colleagues.
Far from being a mere everyday annoyance, “mansplaining” (or the ideologically adjacent “manterrupting”) can interfere with democracy. You can literally be a supreme court justice and still get shouted down like someone’s little sister.
For women, having your side side of a conversation being limited to short bursts of “But … ”, “Yes, and … ”, “Can I just … ” – is all too familiar. A 2014 study at George Washington University even found that, when speaking to women, men interrupt 33% more often than when speaking to men.
But what does this constant interrupting look like outside of the rarefied confines of the judicial branch of US government? Here’s a mundane example. I’m out for lunch with my partner, and we stop at a food truck, overpriced “street food” that you have to hurriedly eat standing up, outside. My partner, who has coeliac disease, asks if a particular item on the menu is gluten-free. The bearded food truck guy says that, no, as it contains mustard, it also contains gluten. All mustard – according to him – is thickened with wheat flour. My partner, who has been checking ingredient lists meticulously for coming on two decades, knows this not to be true. Tentatively (she’s the non-confrontational sort), she corrects him. But no, the seller disagrees. Suddenly this guy has a PhD in glutenology from the University of Mustard.
As Dr Food Truck rants about his credentials and expertise, my partner’s expression falls. Ordering food is often an ordeal for her, as people have either never heard of coeliac disease, or mistakenly think they know everything about it. What’s more, this guy is telling her that if she’s had mustard before, she’s “probably fine”. She – who was late diagnosed and spent her entire childhood in severe intestinal pain – tries to get a word in edgeways, but is steamrollered by someone clearly used to talking at women, uninterrupted. So I (the semi-confrontational sort) chime in. Not raising my voice, and keeping my tone as neutral as possible, I tell him that maybe, as an actual, certified coeliac, my partner knows what she’s talking about. Dr Food Truck tells me to “calm down”.
Women reading this will probably recognise it as a classic example of mansplaining. This, of course, is a term that has been in popular use (particularly online) since around 2009, and was named one of the New York Times’ words of the year in 2010. And it’s something women are on the receiving end of every time they’re interrupted and talked over by men who – on the basis of being men – believe they know better. And there’s little more simultaneously satisfying and galling than when some guy tries to get into it with a woman talking about – say – a movie, and she turns out to be one of the film’s directors.
Similarly, there have been several occasions on which men have tried to explain my own articles to me. In fact, if a man doesn’t see this, and then tries to mansplain mansplaining to me, I’ll be genuinely surprised. Or there was the time a male GP told me the pain I was in was “probably psychosomatic”, and then – unprompted – explained what he meant by “psychosomatic”. Usually I’m prepared to let medical professionals (male or otherwise) explain whatever they like to me. But being hit with “your symptoms are fake, and I’m going to convey this to you as if you were a child” is, in my humble womanly opinion, beyond the pale. What do you even say in such an instance? Still beats me. What I’ve learned as a woman is that if someone isn’t interested in your point of view, the dialogue is doomed from the get-go. We’re too often better off screaming into the void rather than trying to engage.
What’s really at stake when it comes to interrupting in order to mansplain is the respect (or lack thereof) for people’s lived experiences. There are many variations. I’ve seen “whitesplaining” for white people who try to explain racism to Black people. Or “ablesplaining” for able bodied people who think – for whatever reason – they know more about being disabled than actual disabled people. Having a subject you know all too well explained back to you by someone misinformed (often someone with an agenda) is always going to suck. But hey, there’s plenty of void left to scream into, though you might get interrupted in the process. (Eleanor Margolis, The Guardian 19 Oct 2021. Eleanor Margolis is a columnist for the i newspaper and the Guardian. (Edited for length)
My comment: Epicurus is reputed to have treated all those who visited him with deep respect, listening attentively to their points of view. For him gender equality was real. For me, too, it is real, especially since I have a spouse who is very smart, well-informed and with an impressive memory. Respect is part and parcel of love, but I am careful to conduct an actual conversation, regardless of gender.
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1,291 | The Earth Science Picture of the Day (EPOD) highlights the diverse processes and phenomena which shape our planet and our lives. EPOD will collect and archive photos, imagery, graphics, and artwork with short explanatory captions and links exemplifying features within the Earth system. The community is invited to contribute digital imagery, short captions and relevant links.
Munich Parhelion
September 10, 2007
Provided and copyright by: Robert Wagner, Max Planck Institute for Physics
Summary authors & editors: Robert Wagner
The picture above shows an extraordinarily colorful parhelion (sundog) in a thin veil of cirrus clouds. The Sun is positioned approximately 22 degrees to the left of this dazzling swatch of light. Parhelia are the brightest and most commonly observed halo phenomena. They form as a result of refraction and reflection of sunlight in similarly aligned, plate shaped ice crystals. Photo taken on the morning of October 31, 2006, from Munich, Germany. | {
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Fogbow Over Southern Ontario, Canada
November 15, 2021
Photographer: Malcolm Park
Summary Author: Malcolm Park; Cadan Cummings
Around 8:00am local time on September 16, Southern Ontario, Canada was covered in a morning fog. It is not uncommon for fog to form in the late summer into the fall as temperatures begin to drop at night, which causes water vapor in the air to condense. I went for my morning walk, and I noticed this amazing fogbow in the west. This was by far the best fogbow I have ever seen, but I haven't seen that many. I checked on my phone, and the Sun was at about 12 degrees altitude above the eastern horizon when I captured this picture. Different to rainbows, fogbows form when light interacts with condensed water vapor (fog) in the air instead of the comparably larger diameter water droplets present after a rainstorm. In fact, it is this difference in droplet size that makes the fogbow less colorful because light is refracted and reflected differently in fog than by a raindrop. After my walk, I drove west for about an hour and the fog as well as fogbow persisted for most of the drive. So, it was widespread from my experience, and I also saw reports of it online from other areas of the province. | {
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1,293 | McGuirk, Noel (2021) Terrorist Profiling and Law Enforcement:Detection, Prevention, Deterrence. Routledge, London. ISBN 9780367437763
Full text not available from this repository.
Abstract
This book has been written with the primary readership in mind being academics, students at undergraduate and postgraduate (taught and research) levels, practitioners and law enforcement officers. A key trend in law and policy aimed at combatting terrorism is the increasing use of policing strategies that allow law enforcement officers anticipate risk so that they can engage in preventing, interrupting and prosecuting those suspected of terrorism offences before their commission. One such pre-emptive policing strategy is the use of terrorist profiling. The rationale underpinning terrorist profiling is to allow law enforcement officers identify those likely to involved in terrorism or its associated activities so that law enforcement officers can prevent, interrupt and prosecute suspects before an act of terrorism. The use of terrorist profiling is highly controversial given that its use has been perceived as being unlawful. Previous attempts at analysing terrorist profiling has tended to rely solely on human rights law as the analytical lens to evaluate the usefulness and lawfulness of terrorist profiling. The discussion in this book argues that the effectiveness and usefulness of terrorist profiling should only be undertaken by deconstructing the profiling process so as to allow a thorough examination of the phenomenon of terrorist profiling. As a result, the discussion in this book establishes two analytical lenses as the basis to systematically examine terrorist profiling. Firstly, the discussion develops an effectiveness framework that examines the construction of terrorist profiles separately from the application of terrorist profiles. Secondly, the discussion also draws upon criminal profiling methodologies and approaches as the basis to evaluate different manifestations of terrorist profiling. These analytical lenses are used to conduct a taxonomy on different manifestations of terrorist profiling so as to systematically evaluate their usefulness as a law enforcement tool to predict likely terrorist characteristics.
Item Type:
Book/Report/Proceedings
Additional Information:
Noel McGuirk is a Lecturer in Law specialising in terrorism law at Lancaster University Law School. Previously, Noel was a judicial research assistant at the Courts Service (Ireland) based in the Court of Appeal and worked on various research projects during his tenure. Noel’s research interests broadly focus on the relationship between terrorism, counterterrorism and human rights law. He is particularly interested in analysing legal responses to terrorism that have been adopted by various states to assist in preventing, detecting and deterring terrorism threats. | {
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1,294 | Griffiths, Rupert (2021) The Circadian Clock. In: Q&A session to launch online gallery for Material Life of Time conference. UNSPECIFIED.
Full text not available from this repository.
Abstract
Light from the sun is a biological cue that entrains the circadian rhythms of most life on earth. The Circadian Clock is a work of speculative design that takes the luminosity and colour of the sky as the basis for a timepiece. Through the changing light of night and day, it aims to articulate a more-than-human temporal commons, while also indicating the presence of anthropogenic light at night, which can disrupt both human and non-human biologies and behaviours. Using light sensors oriented towards the sky, the clock traces out the changing ambient light as a helix of coloured dots. Each revolution corresponds to the changing light over a period of 24 hours. The helix is shown in perspective and thus appears as a spiral, with the present at the head of the outer ring, always maintained at the 12 o’clock position, and the past spiralling anticlockwise towards the centre. Cumulatively, this locates the viewer in the daily and seasonal variations of light and dark that act as a master clock for life on earth. | {
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1,295 | Britain, 1982: the Falklands War is beginning, and Thatcher is in Number Ten. It’s a futuristic 1982, with self-driving cars and robotic bin collectors. Yet in some ways, it also feels current: a time of political turbulence, mass protests, and a pervasive online media.
Machines Like Me is both a comment on our time and our future, but it’s set in an alternative past. Alive and thriving, Alan Turing pioneered major technological breakthroughs. One result is Adam, ‘a manufactured human with plausible intelligence and looks, believable motion and shifts of expression’. He is both a being and a commodity, a person and a machine. When Adam wakes up, he belongs to Charlie, a young, isolated man, in love with his neighbour Miranda. The three are drawn into a ménage à trois, a philosophical spiral, and a moral state of ambivalence with a crushing climax. It is at once uncanny, academic, and enthralling.
The novel’s humans are, at times, withdrawn and unsympathetic. Yet this is not necessarily a flaw, and is characteristic of McEwan. In fact, their shallowness throws Adam into relief. When they fall short of our expectations, when they’re incompetent and unmotivated, they allow Adam to shine. He has a depth and vivacity that far transcends his hardware. In the text, he is both a redemption and a threat. He is physically and intellectually superior to Charlie; he is highly intelligent, a romantic competitor, and in a burst of anger, breaks Charlie’s wrist. He’s also emotionally sensitive, sees Charlie as his ‘friend’, and acts as his moral guide. The duality of Adam’s character means, ultimately, such a choice is yours. Yet Machines Like Me, in the end, is tragic. McEwan’s tale recounts a failed experiment, and its conclusions are unclear. At first, it seems prophetic, but by the end, our future is hazier than ever.
Inevitably, Machines Like Me explores the value and meaning of consciousness in the context of AI. Of every person on the page, Adam captivates the most – yet his personhood itself is contentious. McEwan asks the ultimate question of computer science and philosophy of mind: can a machine be conscious? Or, as Turing put it, can machines think? The Turing test echoes throughout the novel; it states that if, when communicating, a machine is indistinguishable from a human, then it can think. Adam, then – intelligent, empathetic, complex – would pass with flying colours. He claims he feels pain, and says he is in love. He writes 2,000 haikus to prove it. He is strikingly uncanny when, for example, ‘he sat naked at my tiny dining table, eyes closed, a black power line trailing from the entry point in his umbilicus to a thirteen-amp socket in the wall.’
Image source: theguardian.com
For the reader, unsettling questions arise: can a person be so dehumanised, when he’s not human at all? McEwan enters territory which is both timeless and contemporary, as alien as it is familiar. The use of AI for consumerism is not a new concept: virtual robots like Lil Miquela already exist near the mainstream, modelling and promoting brands. As the concept of consciousness blurs, so too does morality. In Machines Like Me, Adam could be a victim, or the property of his owner; he occupies the space in between. Charlie may be a criminal, exploiting a sentient being for personal use, or simply a consumer using a product. McEwan revels in this ambiguity. He presents a neglected little boy, a scarred young woman with a dark past, and a man with his own insecurities. When they cross paths with Adam, a series of events unfolds that stirs up issues from personhood to justice and consent. The reader could be outraged, indifferent, or lost in the illusionary chaos of a hypothetical world.
This is not a robot novel. According to McEwan, it is not even science fiction. Instead, it centres on humanity. The writing is highly self-conscious, a meditation on the human condition. Creations like Adam, after all, are reflections of ourselves. Adam has read everything ever written; through his voice, McEwan considers ‘the entire history of human self-regard.’ By analysing the past, he predicts the future – a vast human narrative, fuelled by the creative, destructive power of our own minds. ‘The mind,’ he writes, ‘dethroned itself by way of its own fabulous reach.’
This is one paradox of many, which collectively make up our psyche. Machines Like Me is preoccupied with tragic, inexplicable contradictions – and how they undermine technological progress. Adam is superior, in many ways, but he’s ignored and discredited, his curiosity frustrated, his opinions dismissed. He has the intellect to solve Miranda’s problems, but this puts him at risk: as he learns, tragically, we can’t always listen to reason. Adam and his brothers and sisters, strewn across the world, simply can’t come to terms with the insensible realities of the human mind. The absurdity is too much: we are, McEwan writes, ‘a hurricane of contradictions’. Millions suffer from diseases we can cure; we’re destroying the planet we depend on to survive; we love living things, but facilitate extinction and abuse. The machine response is unsettling: not only confusion at the cruel, fundamental irrationality of things, but also enormous pain. Other Adams and Eves, we learn, are driven to destroying themselves.
In light of this, AI acts as a mirror. These are perfect, rational, self-conscious beings – so how can they exist, in a world as imperfectly human as ours? How can they face Virgil’s lacrimae rerum, the tears in the nature of things? For the reader, perhaps, this is a wake-up call. We live alongside suffering, and deny our hypocrisies, to ignore our own absurdity. We need artificial eyes, eyes with ‘tiny blue rods’ that see more clearly, to empathise, analyse and moralise all at once. For McEwan, then, Adam and his kind are more than a mirror: they are ‘a dream of redemptive robotic virtue’. He theorizes on the programming of such AI, how it would be faced with a thousand moral dilemmas and, slowly, develop its own solutions.
So perhaps, in the end, all is not lost. Complexities aside, Machines Like Me emits a faint philosophical hope. Somewhere, there’s a moral compass just beyond our reach. If AI can find it, perhaps it can save us from ourselves – if we allow it to.
‘Machines like Me’ is published by Vintage (£12.99)
Featured image source: ianmcewan.com
CategoriesGeorgia Good Literature
Tags
Dystopian FutureliteratureMachines Like MeMcEwanSci-fiTuring Test
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November 16, 2021
Review: Estorick Collection Uncut
GEORGE DENNIS visits Estorick Collection Uncut, considering the presentation of abstract, politically charged modern Italian art. To saunter through galleries on a rainy day is..
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Matilda Sykes
Our Showcase
November 16, 2021
Interview: Sister
MATILDA SYKES had a chat with sibling duo, Sister. Born and raised in London, the band Sister consists of siblings Sadie and Sonny. Sonny (aka Sonny..
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Ben Frith
Our Journal
Theatre
November 15, 2021
Review: Tender Napalm
BEN FRITH reviews the tenth anniversary revival of Tender Napalm at the King’s Head Theatre. ‘Woman’ and ‘Man’ dance with each other, sometimes apart,.. | {
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1,296 | The Planet does IT hosting. In my case, a friend and I share a server that we’ve had there for three years. Unfortunately, I missed several emails from them telling me that my credit card had been rejected due to an expiration date passing.
Normally in a case like this, from a company providing a critical service, I would expect a phone call to clear things up and prevent a service interruption. No phone call attempt was made.
So yesterday I get a call from my friend and he asks about our server not responding. I assume the server is locked up and I tell him I’ll jump into the account and request a forced reboot – something that’s been necessary once before (not bad – once in 3 years!). When I attempted to log in, I was told that my account had been disabled!
At that point, I tried to chat with a support person. After 20 minutes of huge long delays in trying to get responses (send message, wait 5 minutes, get a “hang on, I’m working on multiple chats”, etc) I have to give up and focus on the meeting that I’m in. Later that day, I try the chat again. I’m told that my account was disabled due to non-payment of the bill. More on that in a minute. At this point I ask her to help me out with getting it reactivated and she says I have to *call* to speak to someone to give them the cc info as they don’t ask for it via chat. <sigh>
That evening, I’m finally at home, where I can make the call. I call and I’m told… “I can’t process it, you need to log into your account to fix it”! After some back and forth, she activates my login so that I can go in and fix the billing info. I try. FIVE TIMES. Each time it blows up with an error. She’s still on the phone with me and rather than just taking the cc info, she says I need to submit a trouble ticket about not being able to update by cc info! I submit the ticket and go to bed.
In the morning I check and I have a response that says in essence “please call, we can’t fix this without having you on the phone”. I then go ahead and try to update the information and it works! Happy days! At that point, I update the ticket and ask them to reprocess the charge and get our damn server online. An hour later, ta-da, we have our server back.
Great, about 18 hours of downtime for a $69 credit card charge. Yeah, I messed up by not watching my hotmail account like a hawk, so I take the blame for that, no problem. But I have to ask this – what in the world are they thinking that when the bill isn’t paid THEY CUT OFF ACCESS TO THE BILL PAYMENT SYSTEM SO YOU CANNOT FIX THE PROBLEM?!?!?! What should have been a 5 minute problem turned into a marathon of frustration.
Think about this just a bit – their solution is to prevent you from logging into the system to fix the problem. Perhaps your first thought is “well, maybe their systems suck and they can’t just disable the server while allowing you to log into your account?”. Ah, if only it were so – note that she very quickly and easily gave me access back to the account after I was forced to call them (and only to be told that I had to go into the account online to update it!).
One final insult – after all this, they charge me a $50 reconnection fee. Dicks. I should charge them for my wasted time.
In summary Dear Reader, please consider if you want to do business with a company that treats you like this. If you have a server you need to be up, and you want to host it somewhere, I cannot recommend The Planet. Go elsewhere and put these jerks out of business. | {
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1,297 | Posted by Robert Little on Monday, October 25, 2021 at 10:53 AM By Robert Little / October 25, 2021 Comment
The master-planned community of Summerlin is home to some exceptional golf courses, with each of them celebrated for their own unique attributes. So whether you're thinking about moving to Summerlin or just play a round of golf there, here’s our rundown of some of the top golf courses you'll find in the area:
Arroyo Golf Club at Red Rock
Address: 2250 C Red Springs Dr, Las Vegas, NV 89135
Course Website
Summerlin’s Arroyo Golf Club is challenging for those of all abilities. The Arnold Palmer-designed course is located at Red Rock Country Club. It is open to the public. Some of the best Las Vegas views are possible from hole #7 of the course.
Eagle Crest Golf Course
Address: 2203 Thomas W Ryan Blvd, Las Vegas, NV 89134
Course Website
Mountain and city views help make for some sensational scenery when it comes to playing at Eagle Crest Golf Course. This Summerlin course is one of three designed by Billy Casper and Greg Nash. The public, 18-hole executive course offers a challenging elevation, but it can be played in less than three hours.
Palm Valley
Address: 9201 Del Webb Blvd, Las Vegas, NV 89134
Course Website
The Palm Valley Golf Course is more traditional in its layout, with only small changes in elevation as you play the course. One thing that sets it apart is the incredible mountain views golfers enjoy while playing at Palm Valley in Summerlin.
Highland Falls Golf Course
Address: 10201 Sun City Blvd, Las Vegas, NV 89134
Course Website
The third golf course designed by Casper and Nash in Summerlin is Highland Falls. A great course for novices and expert golfers, the award-winning course has even been featured on television and in some advertising campaigns. Some of the best views of Las Vegas can be found from the 14th hole of Highland Falls Golf Course in Summerlin.
Thinking about buying a home in Summerlin? Search Summerlin golf course homes for sale or contact The Robert Little Group of ReMax Advantage, Summerlin's local golf course home experts, for help finding the perfect new place to call your own!
Mountain Course at Red Rock
Address: 2250 Red springs Drive, Las Vegas, NV 89135
Course Website
The Mountain Course at Red Rock was also designed by Arnold Palmer. This course is both challenging and dramatic in its design as it capitalizes on the natural beauty of its location. This is a private, 18-hole golf course in Summerlin.
Bear’s Best Las Vegas Golf Course
Address: 11111 W Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89135
Course Website
The legendary Jack Nicklaus was the designer behind Bear’s Best Las Vegas. The 18-hole golf course is said to be both challenging and beautiful in its design. Another advantage of this public course is that it sits just minutes away from the excitement of the Las Vegas Strip.
Siena Golf Course
Address: 10575 Siena Monte Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89135
Course Website
Siena Golf Course is a public course affiliated with Arroyo Golf Course and the Red Rock Country Club. The 18-hole course opens up with some sensational views of Lake Siena.
TPC Summerlin Golf Course
Address: 1700 Village Center Cir, Las Vegas, NV 89134
Course Website
TPC Summerlin is a private, PGA Tour Club course in Summerlin. It’s a past winner of what Golf Digest Magazine’ calls “One of America’s Best Courses”. It also holds the honor of being the first golf course in the state certified as an Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary. TPC Summerlin hosts the Shriners Hospitals for Children Open each October.
TPC Las Vegas Golf Course
Address: 9851 Canyon Run Dr, Las Vegas, NV 89144
Course Website
The TPC Las Vegas Golf Course was designed by Raymond Floyd and Bobby Weed. The challenging course has hosted quite a few PGA and Champions Tour golf tournaments in the past. It’s also a past winner of one of the “Top 50 Public Golf Courses in the US”.
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1,298 | Posted on April 6, 2017 by Ariele Vaccaro • Posted in Features, Isthmus, Milwaukee Magazine, Politics • Tagged Alderman, Ashanti Hamilton, Bob Donovan, Common Council, Erik Gunn, Mike Murphy, Milwaukee, Milwaukee Magazine, Politics
Can Alderman Ashanti Hamilton Rise to the Challenge?, April 2017
Photo by Joe Brusky
A year ago, Hamilton stitched together a tent big enough for a half-dozen African- American council members – and three white South Siders – to elect him Common Council president in an upset that toppled incumbent Ald. Mike Murphy, a council veteran. But more than once since then, their tent has looked ready to blow away. This past summer, the council’s public safety committee, headed by Hamilton’s pick for chair, tough-on-crime Ald. Bob Donovan, fired off a draft plan calling for more cops, more jail and “boot camps” for potential juvenile offenders.
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1,299 | You’re able to look at who is online and in addition , these people see you noticeable. In fact online dating is now the thing to do. LDS singles online is another internet site which offers a variety of qualities towards the users.
Online Dating Sites – What Is It?
You can find two answers for why should you check back with your chosen courting site more than one times every day. If a certain site isn’t meeting your preferences, move on prior to deciding to invest associated with your money over a service which usually isn’t good for you. Adult courting site undoubtedly are a precious existing for the lonely women to fulfill their particular partner in an incredibly very simple manner. one thing about internet dating sites is they have great methods to communicate in addition to feel an incorrect sense of security leading to the very first date. Most internet dating sites are super easy to navigate and deliberately avoid incorporate features that are not easy to understand. Moreover, most internet dating websites, present their associates a change to use an instant messaging program which lets all of them communicate above the computer within actual point in time. When attempting to find a mature partner, most people choose significant general internet dating sites.
Understanding Online Dating Sites
Nearly everyone more on the website is only as timid, in the same way anxious, and just as hesitant because you are. Not all online dating sites are made the same, however , in fact it is all your decision to find the one that will guard your level of privacy, be simple enough to get around, and have an enormous pool involving possible companions so that you can discover the one which is appropricate for your requirements. Senior citizen internet dating web sites can’t street address all connection difficulties, nonetheless they could confident make testing out something new a lot simpler in addition to safer. It is important for you to be on the lookout for the perfect internet dating internet sites. A married internet dating web page appears to current the ideal answer for a married affair as well as the very best chances of success for any man flirting with the view of an occasion while wedded.
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