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I'm using latexdiff to highlight the differences between two versions of a tex document, using the default style which is UNDERLINE. This style formats added text in blue with a wavy underline, and removed text in red with a strikethough. I'm interested in formatting the output such that added text is in blue but without the wavy underline (and removed text is in red as before). Is there a command for achieving this? I wasn't able to figure it out from the man page. Another way would be to modify the CCHANGEBAR style, which formats added text in blue and removed text in red but without the strikethrough, to add the strikethrough to the removed text (my question is how). | 1 |
I'm looking for an equation that looks like the image below. I am comfortable constructing functions that pass the vertical line test, but as this is a relation, I am not really sure how to start. Would this need to be defined implicitly? An explanation on how you constructed it would be great as well! I should note that the scale does not matter, just the general shape. | 1 |
Group theory is all about symmetries. Can this be seen from the axioms defining a group? Or equivalently can the group axioms be motivated from this point of view? Of course one can look at several examples and check that the group axioms are fulfilled, nevertheless this doesn't make clear why the axioms have to be precisly like they are. Any ideas would be much appreciated. | 1 |
A few years ago I read a short little article about how big our eyes would have to be to observe microwaves (or any long-wave radiation for that matter). I don't remember enough about the article, or know enough about observing EM waves to reconstruct the equations, and I can't find the article again. So my question is simply this: is there some equation or rule of thumb that says if you want to observe ('see') a wave of length x, then your observing tool ('eyes') have to be such and such a size? | 1 |
I am currently doing a one semester course on groups and rings where we have learned about (so far): Definitions of groups, subgroups, cyclic and normal subgroups, the symmetric group, homomorphisms, isomorphisms, The Correspondence Theorem, Product and Quotient Groups. As of yesterday's lecture we learned about the First Isomorphism Theorem and a little bit about rings. By the end of the course we should have done rings, endomorphisms, The Orbit-Stabilizer Theorem and subjects which I am not sure about. I am wondering if this would be sufficient to start Atiyah Macdonald; I have opened the first few pages and it looks hard. For those who have done it, what do you think are the prerequisites before doing this? Perhaps something like Herstein's Topics in Algebra? Thanks. | 1 |
I've noticed people use (in speech) the word godness for "feminine god", e.g.: Oh my godness! However, in classic texts it is goddess, e.g. Shakespeare's "King Lear": Hear, nature, hear; dear goddess, hear! Suspend thy purpose, if thou didst intend To make this creature fruitful! Into her womb convey sterility! It is my understanding that godness can be an urban slang for "divinity", but not for an impersonated deity. Is godness just a mistake? | 1 |
I am trying to understand pure and mixed states better. If I have N quantum particles in an isolated system. The many-particle state is a superposition of the product of single-particle states by the appropriate statistics (bosons, fermions, or distinguishable). Would this state be still considered pure since there is no interaction with the environment? Does that mean isolated systems or microcanonical ensembles are always pure? | 1 |
I have studied that topologically equivalent metrics produce the same open and closed sets. They also produce same compact and connected subsets. Does it mean that topologically equivalent metrics have same open, closed or compact subsets? In what context topologically equivalent metrics differ from each other? Intutively, how can we explain topologically equivalent metrics? Can we say that two topologically equivalent metrics have same topological properties? Thanks and regards | 1 |
If you were going to teach you kids programming and asked me what book to use as a guide, I would recommend you either Java programming for kids or Python for kids. But what if I want to teach kids math including derivatives, integrals, differential equations, set theory, etc? What book can provide me with a road map I can use (assuming kids are smart enough to learn what I give them)? | 1 |
I am a beginning graduate student with (almost) no background in algebraic geometry. I would like to learn the proof of the Riemann hypothesis for curves over finite fields, including all prerequisites. I am looking for books to get me there. I am not necessarily looking for the quickest way, but rather for self-contained well-written books that will get me to this result. Nevertheless, I prefer to be focused and study only the needed prerequisites in the adequate generality (in particular, I'm focusing on the case of curves, rather than more general varieties). (my knowledge in group theory, field theory, and algebraic number theory is equivalent to what appears in J.S. Milne's notes, but as mentioned - I have almost no background in algebraic geometry). | 1 |
This question is related to another question. If we have a Riemann surface with punctures of negative Euler characterstisc, how can one define a complete hyperbolic metric? I know that in this case the universal cover is the hyperbolic plane and it has a complete metric. Do we project this metric to the puntured surface? If so, why is it complete? I will deeply appreciate if somebody gives an example or a good reference. | 1 |
I'm not sure of the name of this problem so haven't really been able to research it. I have a complete weighted graph with a start and end node and n distinct sets of nodes (lets call them red, blue and green), each with m member nodes. I need to find the shortest path from start to end and must pass through exactly one red, one blue and one green node; is there an algorithm for this? An extension would be that I need to find the shortest path while visiting blue first, then green, then red (again, exactly once each); is there one for this? | 1 |
Let's say for example: Two people sing the same note (frequency) and volume (amplitude) together. Why is it that the two persons sound louder than they would individually? I would imagine that since the traverse waves generated by the two persons would randomly be louder or softer, based on the phase shift between the two sound waves. But that hypothesis is obviously untrue since in the real world a choir is clearly louder than a soloist. | 1 |
What is the exact word for someone who always pretends to be nice to someone's face but makes fun of them behind their back? When they are talking to you, they'll treat you very well, like a good-mannered person. They care a lot about their image in front of others and show a positive image of themselves in front of an audience. But they are not actually good in their heart. Any word except hypocrite. | 1 |
How do you say to someone that you will reuse a sentence (or a joke) you've just heard from them, as-is, because you liked it a lot ? In Italian we say "Questa me la rivendo", that translated is "I'm gonna resell that one" (ri-vendo / re-sell is the idiomatic part, the other words could be recombined / replaced). I can't find anything in the web, so... what is the English version ? | 1 |
I'm looking for a noun for a person to convey two things: their particularly keen appreciation of aesthetics, and their ability to create aesthetically appealing objects. For example, Steve Jobs. A man with a famously keen sense of what is beautiful, at every level, be it user interface design, the connectors on cables or the stairs at retail stores. The closest I've got is "aesthetician", but that conveys more the study of aesthetics, rather than the appreciation and ability to craft aesthetic perfection. Any ideas? | 1 |
I work for a client at the rate of X USD (United State Dollars) per hour. Recently, he accidentally paid me at the rate of Y USD per hour. Y is greater than X. I notified him of his mistake and he replied with the following sentence:- Go ahead and keep the difference to be applied to the next round of work you do for us. What does this mean? Should I accept the payment at the rate of Y USD per hour or correct it to X USD per hour? | 1 |
Recently I've wondered about two idioms which have a strange relationship. Come Hell or high water and Lord willing and the creek don't rise Grammatical accuracy, alternative formulations, and questionable folk etymologies, and literal meanings aside, why do these two phrases (often used interchangably) have such different implications? My thoughts so far have centered around the former being an expression of an internal locus of control (i.e. I will make this happen) and the latter of an external locus of control (i.e. I hope this won't not happen). Why does the more apparently positive formulation reference Hell while the less (certainly) positive one mentions the 'Lord?' | 1 |
I always have doubts whether to use a singular or a plural noun when I refer to certain peoples. For example, we say Americans, Italians, Brazilians, Russians and Austrians. But we say The British, The English, The Portuguese, The French, The Spanish, The Chinese, and The Irish. When it comes to those nationals I rarely hear of, I'm never sure. These would include people from countries such as Azerbaijan, Armenia or Kenya. Is there any rule as to whether we should use singular or plural ? | 1 |
I have come across many hand dryers that attempt to dry your hands really fast after you wash them. Here are two of them: XLERATOR http://www.exceldryer.com/ Dyson Airblade http://www.dysonairblade.com/homepage.asp So I guess I have a ridiculously high standard cause I think even these are too slow. Would it be possible to create a large static electric field to attract the water molecules off of your hand? Can someone offer some ideas that would remove the water off of your hand using some type of electric field generated by charged plates or something? | 1 |
I am a high schooler who really likes math, and I am interested in pursuing it in my undergraduate years. I have a basic facility with proofs, and I am currently exploring several different areas of math (analysis, graph theory, and topology). I am interested in seeing if I can contribute to mathematics even if it has no applications, mathematical or otherwise, however most areas of math don't seem to have any "low hanging fruit" so to speak, so I'm looking for a different, more obscure area where I can learn all that is known, and maybe contribute myself. | 1 |
Prove or Disprove: If V is any vector space and with an orthonormal basis B for a subspace W of V, then V has an orthonormal basis C with B as a subset of C. First Question: Can you have an orthonormal basis for any vector space or can you only have an orthonormal basis for inner product spaces? Second Question: Does it also make a difference whether or not V is finite-dimensional or infinite-dimensional? | 1 |
I always find it difficult to discuss the meaning of a word because I don't really have a definite meaning of word in my head. Cook refers to the verb (to cook) but it can also refer to the noun (a cook). Would you say cook is one word with multiple meanings or that the verb and the noun are separate words? Is a word simply the arrangement of the letters? | 1 |
I'm trying to come up with some math problems (word or otherwise) that get to the meaning of adding zero, but I'm getting stuck because it seems just too simple to me. I have come up with questions like "John is having a birthday party and he invites five friends over but nobody shows up. How many people are at the party?". While this question gets to the problem at hand, it might be too simple to understand the meaning of adding zero. This problem also suffers from the possibility that first graders will answer like so, "Well there would be three people at the party because John's mom and dad would be there too." Any ideas? | 1 |
As the title says. For example, if I take a fat metal wire with non-negligible thickness, and then wind it into a spiral, but such that none of the parts touch one another (there are no topological 'holes'), then if I add a charge to the wire, would it equally distribute over the wire? Or would the charges from neighboring 'loops' of the spiral interact with one another somehow, similar to a capacitor almost? | 1 |
Outside of your field of research / application, how much of your undergrad education have you retained? Thought experiment: How would you fare today if handed old exams from your introductory topology / number theory / differential equations / whatever classes? No studying or preparation. I've always wondered how much of this material one should expect to have internalized, and how much is acceptable to forget over time and need a reference aid. | 1 |
In Mac OS X, the home/end keys per default throw you at the beginning/end of the document instead of the beginning/end line. I have changed my system key bindings to get the latter, "usual" (Windows- and Linux-like) behavior. However, texmaker seems to ignore this setting. It is horribly distracting when I have to search for my editing position in a longer text each time after unconsciously hitting the end key. I did not find these commands in the "configure texmaker" dialog. Is there a way to persuade texmaker to respect the system key bindings, or can I modify the setting in texmaker individually? | 1 |
On the new Astronomy.SE site, I was having a short discussion on one of my answers. The basic discrepancy was; can MACHOs like black holes/brown dwarfs/neutron stars be termed "dark matter"? My reasoning is that these objects do not radiate EM radiation on their own but they do gravitate, and thus constitute a small part of the total dark matter in the universe. I agree that there is a lot of dark matter which doesn't In other words, can the term "dark matter" be applied to nonradiating (or faintly radiating) bodies which still participate in the electromagnetic interaction (baryonic or otherwise)? Or is it necessary for all dark matter to not interact electromagnetically? | 1 |
It is quite common to hear in newspapers and television about the increasing temperature, i.e. global warming. But I am interested in something else. How does global warming affect the internal energy of the earth, or else how does this change the gravitational potential energy of a point mass and the earth? This is a open question and everyone should feel free to make any plausible assumptions in estimating the increase or decrease. I thought of global warming as causing the expansion of the atmosphere, possibly changing mass distribution of Earth's atmosphere. | 1 |
In my school and university I was taught to say "Not at all" or "Don't mention it" in response to "Thank you!". Now I rarely hear these phrases used, but rather something like "You're welcome", "It's OK", "My pleasure", or "No problem". My real life conversation experience is very poor. I often listen to some English learning podcasts, and watch some films in English. So I listen to dialogs, which are probably not from the modern real life world. How do native English speakers tend to respond to "Thank you!" now? What I should care about, when choosing from the available options? | 1 |
Are there any big controversies in contemporary mathematical research? Other domains contain big controversial research topics (for example string theory in physics). The specific nature of mathematics however, makes me suspect that there isn't much room for any serious disagreement, or at least less room in comparison..? Is this intuition right, or completely ignorant and absurd? --- This is not a question about mathematics per se, but more a question about the people doing it. I hope the question is still appropriate in this stackexchange. ---- | 1 |
If for some reason I want to create the lightest document (in terms of the weight of the output file, not the font), what would be some good practices? Specifically in terms of: Packages: do they add significant weight to the file? Are there some which are particularly heavy? Graphics: should they be EPS, PDF? Some other format? Is TIKZ code always lighter? Classes: do some add more bulk than others? (Some other important things I'm sure I'm missing...) Of course I could just start trying to "play" with the above mentioned elements, but I was hoping to get an informed answer, not just the result of trial-and-error experiments. | 1 |
From The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford: Ed Miller: I was with a girl once. Wasn't a squaw, but she was purty. She had yellow hair, like uh... oh, like something. Dick Liddil: Like hair bobbed from a ray of sunlight? What does bobbed mean in this context? I guess it means "cut", but I would like a native speaker to verify. | 1 |
I am aware of the idiom like a fish out of water. What intrigued me is an article using like a fish takes to water. Teo Zhen Ren, the swimming sensation from Singapore, took to swimming like a fish takes to water. Is like a fish takes to water a valid usage? Is it an idiom? I thought the usual phrase was like a duck takes to water. | 1 |
Is there a systematic treatment of (finite dimensional) manifolds with corners in the literature which carefully introduces all usual differential topological notions (submanifolds, embeddings, etc.) and which includes proofs of the usual statements in geometric topology like the existence of collars or isotopy extension theorems in the generality of manifolds with corners? Most of the common textbooks treat the case without corners nor boundary and mention the case of boundaries. Some of them take care of boundaries more closely, but I am not aware of a detailed reference covering the situation with corners. | 1 |
I have to translate a Washington Post article on Trump but I cannot understand one part: It's post-policy politics. It's about having the right feelings instead of the right proposals. Now, that doesn't mean that we shouldn't point out when he's contradicting himself or when his plans don't add up. But it does mean that we should probably be a little less credulous about this supposed policy pivot or that change in message. There has to be one for that to happen. | 1 |
It's logical to think that the time it takes a microwave to heat the food would be proportional to the mass heated. But since a microwave is based on dielectric heating, I think that if you increase the mass of food there will be more water, which will heat the food faster (due to thermalization). Is this reasoning right? Is there an optimal quantity of food to heat and the time it takes? | 1 |
If I had a rigid body, such as a wardrobe, so that its centre of mass is above the ground and I tilt it slightly. I have read that the normal force of the floor on the wardrobe must be equal and opposite to the weight of the object as we have no translational motion. However if I let the wardrobe topple over, its centre of mass is now lower. How can the centre of mass have changed positions if the normal force and weight are equal and opposite to oppose any translational motion? | 1 |
Why doesn't a plane wave solution represent a single photon? And what is meant by the quantum-mean field being zero? EDIT: This post is an extension to a previous post I made asking about the photon in QFT. I was asked by the person helping me to start a new question so he can respond in the form of an "answer" post and thereby keeping all "answers" on topic. The link is here Quantum State of Photon Question | 1 |
The mechanical advantage is given by MA = Load/Effort which is quite universal (at least in my short experience with them). However when i reviewed over the mechanical advantage of simple machines, especially levers , the formula for mechanical advantage stunned me, instead of MA = Distance of Fulcrum to Load / Distance of Fulcrum to Effort it was instead MA = Distance of Fulcrum to Effort/ Distance of Fulcrum to Load Does this not contradict what the MA formula is? Thank you for your time | 1 |
There must be a name for this sort of after-the-fact non-argument. Sorry, this is the only way I could find to describe it. Debbie finds a kitten. Kitten has been burned over half its body, but it's alive. Debbie says, 'The kitten wants to live!' and takes it to a vet. Bob says, 'The kitten is suffering and will continue to suffer horribly, the kindest thing would be to euthanize her.' Debbie refuses; the kitten continues to suffer for months but in the end manages to survive. Bob says, 'The kitten suffered unnecessarily.' Debbie then says to Bob, 'The kitten would now be dead had it been up to you. You have no respect for life.' | 1 |
In a crystalline solid each atomic level 'splits' into n levels (n = number of atoms in the system). When the number of atoms is large each level becomes replaced by a band of closely spaced levels. In a semi-conductor we have an empty "conduction band" and a fully occupied "valance band". Conductivity arises because electrons get excited to the conduction band. Question: Why can't electron in the valence band freely move around and therefore conduct electricity? My question also applies to metals where the conduction band is already half-filled. What's special about this conduction band that allows electron to move around freely? | 1 |
According to the popular Solar System formation models, what are the bounds on the Gas Giants' cores (note I am only interested in the bounds for our Solar System). For example according to Wikipedia on Jupiter Assuming [a core] did exist, it may have shrunk as convection currents of hot liquid metallic hydrogen mixed with the molten core and carried its contents to higher levels in the planetary interior. This suggests that a core would shrink over time, which would put an upper bound on the size today. Are there other bounds? I would like numbers together with some reasons for those numbers. | 1 |
I have two books on algebra where one makes the definition of isomorphism to be a bijective homomorphism, while the other makes it as an injective homomorphism. I am doing the exercises from one book and learning from the other (not optimal I know), and so I am wondering what definition is considered the convention. If both are conventionally okay, is something lost by removing the surjective part of the bijection and if so what? I realise it's a rather uninteresting question, but if someone has the time I would appreciate the answer. Thank you! | 1 |
I'm trying to draw a chain of arrows going under and above each other, as depicted: The issue isn't labelling the arrows, I can easily do that, but I don't know how to get them to curl, have the arrow head in the middle (ideally, though not necessary), and have one on top of the other. Any help is appreciated. If a solution exists without TikZ, I would prefer it. For those interested, the above is an eigenvector of the Cartan generators of a Lie algebra acting on a state as a raising or lowering operator, used in the roots and weights method to classify all semi-simple compact Lie algebras. | 1 |
I'm having trouble with a problem in Propositional Logic Using induction I am supposed to show that if a well formed formula (wff) X has no repetitions of sentence letters then X is invalid. The hint in the back of the book says "Instead of trying to show directly that every wff without repetition of sentence letters has the feature of PL-invalidity, find some feature F that is stronger than PL-invalidity (i.e. some feature from which PL-invalidity follows), and prove that every wff has that feature." What does invalidity follow from? | 1 |
It is well known that the Lagrangian of a classical free particle equal to kinetic energy. This statement can be derived from some basic assumptions about the symmetries of the space-time. Is there any similar reasoning (eg. symmetry based or geometrical) why the Lagrangian of a classical system is equal kinetic energy minus the potential energy? Or it is just because we can compare the Newton's equations with the Euler-Lagrange equation and realize how they can match? | 1 |
After a hot shower, the mirror in my bathroom steams up. When I try to clear it with a towel, it immediately refogs. Yet once I use my hair-dryer, it will clear the fog and the mirror will stay clear. I'd like an answer to the mechanics behind this difference. I suppose it got something to do with the heat, and maybe the refogging is only delayed due to it. But that is just me speculating, and I'd like a concrete answer on this phenomenon. | 1 |
I can see this is true for the sum of two roots of unity with some basic trigonometry (the resulting argument is the half the sum of the original arguments, and so must also be a rational multiple of Pi) but trying to extend this method to the sum of more than two doesn't seem to work. Is there some other way of showing this? It seems related to this question: Sums of roots of unity but I'm not sure if that can be extended to this. | 1 |
I am studying Hyperbolic Geometry. At this part, I have proved that semicircles and straight lines orthogonals to the real axis are geodesics in the hyperbolic plane. But how I proof that this geodesics are uniques? That it does not exist others geometric places between two different points that minimizes the hyperbolic length? I have seen a topic related to this, but I do not know nothing about Riemannian Geometry. If someone could indicate to me some references to this proof(or the idea behind) I will be very grateful! | 1 |
I need to show through a proof that the set of nonnegative numbers is denumerable I know a set is denumerable if its members or elements can be put into an order and counted. I am supposed to show this through a proof as well. I was considering using Induction possibly but I'm not sure if this is a viable or feasible method to use. Any help is great appreciated | 1 |
I have a rather large text file that I'm trying to convert into a table. I'm pretty new to Latex, so I was using this other answer from this site as a guide to help me: save table on a separate file and I got some great results, but I realized that my table needs to be split up across many pages, which they say to use longtable to achieve. I don't completely understand where you would add that in or which part you would replace with that, and I was hoping that someone could explain that to me. Thank you! | 1 |
We know that gravity affects time. More the gravity, slower the time, and vice-versa. Now consider a hypothetical condition where two people are walking next to each other. One person is subjected to a lot of gravity and the second person to a lot lesser. How would first person see motion of second person? Since time would be running slower at first person's place and faster at second person's, would the first person see the second person to be moving faster than we usually see? Like a video is being fast forwarded? | 1 |
In the phrase 'in the field instead of behind a / the desk', would you use 'a' or 'the'? It seems to me that 'the' is the more sensible option, as English has other expressions of the 'the N' form which denote an activity associated with the object referred by the noun, e.g. the bar as signifying the legal profession, the pen as in 'the pen is mightier than the sword'. However, a search on Google shows that 'in the field instead of behind a desk' exceedingly outnumbers the other version. | 1 |
According to general relativity, inertial mass and gravitational mass are the same, and all accelerated reference frames (such as a uniformly rotating reference frame with its proper time dilation) are physically equivalent to a gravitational field of the same strength. Refer: Einstein's thought experiment of a Physicist in an Accelerated Box. I find that the 'How' part of this question is somewhat easy to understand Mathematically but hard to visualize physically and on the 'Why' part I am totally blank. | 1 |
A chain of some mass, forming a circle, is slipped on a smooth cone. If we consider an infinitesimally small section of the chain, a component of gravity will try to accelerate it along the surface of the cone. So there must be some tension in the string that prevents the acceleration. What will be the direction of the tension on this section of the chain? Will it be towards the height of the cone, parallel to the ground? | 1 |
In mathematics, we talk about tangent vectors and cotangent vectors on a manifold at each point, and vector fields and cotangent vector fields (also known as differential one-forms). When we talk about tensor fields, we mean differentiable sections of some tensor power of the tangent or cotangent bundle (or a combination). There are various natural differentiation operations, such as the exterior derivative of anti-symmetric covariant tensor fields, or the Lie derivative of two vector fields. These have nice coordinate-free definitions. In physics, there is talk of "covariant derivatives" of tensor fields, whose resulting objects are different kind of tensor fields. I was wondering, what is the abstract interpretation of the general notion of a covariant derivative in terms of (tensor products of) tangent vectors and vector fields. | 1 |
Let's say you wanted to calculate, for example, the average (i.e. mean) cost per day for a hotel to accommodate a tourist. If only aggregate cost data is available, is dividing the average cumulative cost for one person's stay by the average person's duration of stay an acceptable method? Would using the median cost and median duration of stay be better? Worse? The same? I know the median is less susceptible to outliers than the mean, so if both the median and the mean work the same I'd rather use the median. | 1 |
Richard Feynman showed that Quantum simulation on a Turing machine will have an exponential slowdown. If that is so, does this put quantum simulation outside of P (complexity class)? I thought quantum simulation was polynomially possible on quantum computers, but there is still no proof that BQP is strictly bigger than P. So either quantum simulation has not been shown to lie outside of P, or it is not in BQP. I can't seem to find the answer. | 1 |
So I was wondering about the event horizon on a black hole. And wondering if the point of no return for radio waves vs gamma rays would be different. I guess the logic being, since gamma rays have more energy than radio waves, their point of no return might be different. But I'm not sure if gravity has the same affect on all frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. I'm sure the answer for this would lie in gravitational lensing, ie are different colours of light lensed by the same amount? or do higher frequencies lens less? | 1 |
I was watching a Physics TV show, When someone called Alex Filippenko said that when there was the Big Bang, the Space extended at a speed faster than speed of light. He said that it wasn't against the Theory of relativity because space isn't a particle and can go faster than speed of light. So I wanted to know if that is a fact? And otherwise how could the light go further if space around wasn't going at least as fast as light? | 1 |
I've been reading my Stewart Calculus book and I honestly find most of the coverage of sequences and series easy to grasp (excluding power series, Taylor and Maclauren since we haven't covered those just yet). However, when the book guides me to a test to use to solve a problem I don't have an issue, but if I'm given a bunch of problems and told to choose a test to use I honestly have no idea where to begin. How can I intuitively know how to attack a given problem? I realize the thought process is quite similar to integration, but I still feel like integration is much easier than determining convergence and divergence of a sequence/series. | 1 |
I have been interpolating cubic splines to some data, but it is now clear that I need my curves to be monotonic. Wikipedia and StackExchange sources describe how to impose the monotonicity condition while fitting with cubic Hermite splines. However I need my splines in B-spline form and I'm not sure how to translate from Hermite form to B-spline form. Is there a method to do this monotonic interpolation so that the resulting curve is explicitly in B-spline form (i.e. a list of knots and B-spline coefficients)? If not (and this might warrant its own question) how does one take a spline in Hermite form to B-spline form? | 1 |
I would like to write a sentence to thank a number of colleagues. I would like to express the idea that it was a pleasure to spend time with them. Which of the two sentences below is better? I also take this opportunity to thank a number of colleagues with whom I had the pleasure of spending time these past two years. I also take this opportunity to thank a number of colleagues I had the pleasure of spending time with these past two years. Can you think of an improvement? | 1 |
if I make a circuit with a battery and a capacitor (with a dielectric inside), how it is possible to get a current in the circuit? If electrons go from one pole of the battery and they arrive to one plate of the capacitor they cannot flow to the other plate of the capacitor because the plates are separated by a dielectric and this dielectric doesn't have free charges, they are bound charges. How can I explain a net flow of electrons in this circuit? Thanks. | 1 |
I have been told that industrial mixing machines (say, for cake batter) switch directions periodically, first stirring in one direction, then the other, because this mixes the material more thoroughly. I imagine (but don't know for sure) that stirring in only one direction will tend to create helical structures in the mixed material, where each helix is more or less uniform but two helices might be quite different from one another; and that switching directions tends to break up and mingle these helices. Is this at all correct? Is there a way to quantify the effectiveness of different methods of stirring? If so, how much better is it to stir in alternating directions, and how often should one switch directions? | 1 |
I am thinking of a (greatly simplified) computer simulation of a universe that followed something like Newtonian rules. Inside the simulation are A.I.s that are made from those same rules, and can only use those rules interact the world around them. Would there be some fundamental limits on what those A.I.s could work out about their universe, like their own version of an uncertainty principle? Sorry for phrasing this question in such a convoluted way. If anyone recognises what I am asking, and can point me in the right direction that would be appreciated. | 1 |
I quoted the following from a pamphlet: Please read the instructions carefully before filling out the application form. The application will be returned to you and the registration may be delayed, if the information is not filled in completely. Does "filling out" equal to "filling in"? The words in and out have opposite meanings, how can they produce almost equal meaning in these phrases filling in and filling out? | 1 |
I have not idea how to call these things, but I just saw a paper with the following figure and I was wondering how one would go about doing it in LaTeX. The closest thing I saw on TeXample.net was the Ford Circles example, but that's for a very specific case. I would like to see a way use this as a plotting device. At this point, I am not even sure how to do it in "normal" programming language, so perhaps the question is ill-placed. At any rate, I'd love to hear what people think! | 1 |
Is there a term for when a person is getting really irritated/frustrated by someone, but they don't want to yell, so they do that thing where they exhale sharply through their nose? Say, for example, in customer support the operator has to explain and re-explain a procedure over and over, but the caller can never seem to get it right. To be clear, I'm talking about the act of blowing air out of the nose when angry/frustrated as opposed to breathing an exasperated sigh out of the mouth. It's just air; there's no vocalization or loud sound like a snort. | 1 |
Is there any difference between the mass defect and the mass deficit? I have read that the mass defect of a nuclide is never negative and have also been told that the mass defect is the same as the mass deficit, which can be negative. Is it purely a sign convention? As a result of this is the binding energy of a nuclide ever negative? | 1 |
While studying about band theory of semiconductors, I observed that when the electrons were excited from the valence band to the conduction band, they left behind holes in the valence band. From my existing knowledge, I believe that the valence electrons alone occupy the valence band which tells me the valence band is negative. For the holes to exist, the valence band has to be neutral. So, why is the valence band neutral? If my reason for the valence band to be negative was wrong, I would like to know the reason. | 1 |
I've been watching this little HBO show by the name of Game of Thones. Perhaps you have heard of it. In the most recent episode the following line is used (and also happens to be the title of the episode): Now their watch is ended This sounds foreign to my ear. I would be inclined to say "Their watch has ended". Is there a subtlety in the English language that alters the meaning of the sentence by changing "is" to "has" and vice versa in the context of a simple sentence such as the above? | 1 |
I have an upcoming statistics exam and I'm studying it on my own. I was recommended Hogg's Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, but I didn't find it helpful. I just want a book which covers basic mathematical statistics and statistical inference: stochastic convergence, estimation of parameters, testing hypothesis, etc. all at an elementary level (suitable for a math undergraduate), with good introduction to the required background for such concepts. Can you provide me a good source? | 1 |
I was discussing about particle accelerators with my friends and it came to my mind whether it is anyway possible to make a table-top accelerator(accelerator that can fit on a table). I asked this to my professor and he mentioned something about plasma field accelerator.He said that charged particle passing through a plasma created by laser pulse can get acclerated. How can plasma accelerate charged particles? What will be the maximum energy we can achieve using such accelerator?What is the progress towards the development of such science? Will it be really a table-top accelerator? | 1 |
I have developped a little tool in matlab to fill directly some .tex files and then compile them in a pdf file (I use the command pdflatex to compile). It is well working on my computer because I have MiKTeX installed. Now I would like to make a installer (using Inno Setup) to share this tool but I need to include the compiler in the setup. Does someone know if there is a way to only install pdfTeX for the furure users of my tool or do I need to require them to install the whole MiKTeX? | 1 |
This is more of a general question rather than anything specific but I was just wondering if someone could point me toward resources which discuss singularities in a PDE rather than in an ODE (by singularity I mean as in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singularity_(mathematics)). I did a bit of work with singularities in ODEs, but it seems working with singularities in PDEs is harder, and I can't seem to find any material on it. I have a first order PDE so it shouldn't be too difficult (I think) to work with singularities with it, but seeing as how I'm from a more probability/stats background I can't be too sure about it... Thanks in advance. | 1 |
I've looked up both and seen the answer to "why do we say 'soup up.'" Having always thought myself that the phrase was "to soup-up," I've been lately surprised to see a significant amount of usage of "suped-up" with claims that it's from the term "to supercharge" or "super" and that "soup" is the misspelling. Is there a definitive word on whether "suped-up" is a real term for "supercharged" or if it's a misspelled variant of "souped-up"? | 1 |
I hear people say things like "inside a black hole the laws of physics are not valid" or "there can be parallel universes with different physical laws" or "before the big bang there was nothing". Can physics really make such predictions? Is not there a logical issue here, namely, is it possible to predict a system where all physical theories break, by using only validated/well-established/working theories of physics? | 1 |
Is there a difference between "headquarters of" and "headquarters for"? It is the headquarters of many branches. It is the headquarters for many branches. It is the headquarters of the party. It is the headquarters for the party. Intuitively, "for many branches" seems correct and "of the party" seems correct. I can explain the conceptual difference between branches and party, but I can't connect my intuition to any rules. Any thoughts on this? Thanks. | 1 |
I am working on a project whose object language is in non-monotonic logic. Since the project involves reasoning about the models, I am thinking of translating a non-monotonic problem into a first-order logic, use model theory in first-order monotone logic to solve the problem, then translate the results back to a non-monotonic logic. However, this seems cumbersome. Could you please provide me with a book or paper reference on model theory in non-monotonic logics. Preferably, classical topics such as Compactness theorem, Incompleteness theorems and Stable theories should be included. | 1 |
I'm interested in the semantic implications of using the words quote and estimate in a business scenario. Here's the situation: When someone wants to purchase a service that I provide, they can fill out a form on a Website with information about the work to be done. Based on that info, they are instantly given a predicted price. This is intended only to be a ballpark. Once I manually review the work order, I will contact them with a personalized, much more accurate guess at the price. My instinct is to use estimate for the ballpark and quote for the more precise guess, but I'm interested in both your opinions and the more subtle distinctions and implications of the two words. | 1 |
I want to say something like: The system stores the crazygonuts data separately from the data feed. I think this is wrong (maybe I am wrong in that), but I'm not sure exactly why. One alternative I thought of: The system stores the crazygonuts data separate from the data feed. I checked some dictionaries online, and I did not find separate listed as an adverb, so this also seems incorrect. I want to keep the verb (stores) in there. Is there any way I can keep this same sentence structure without sounding silly? If possible, I would like to use the word separate (or something sufficiently close, like distinctly); or is this formation doomed from the start? | 1 |
Most modern texts spend some time deriving the LSZ reduction formula that connects S matrix elements to time ordered field correlation functions. It seems essential, and really helps clear up what you are calculating. Yet some earlier texts and even some modern texts (e.g. "Student Friendly Quantum Field Theory" by R. Klauber) seem to skip right past this, working everything out in the "interaction" picture. It seems there must be something going wrong with this latter procedure, but I am not quite able to put it together. | 1 |
I'm trying to read about anabelian geometry and obviously the things to start with is the algebraic (etale) fundamental group. Every now and again I encounter authors talking about the arithmetic fundamental group, especially when they're talking about curves. Are these really the same thing, except the term algebraic fundamental group is used when talking about arbitrary schemes and the arithmetic fundamental group when talking about curves? | 1 |
Possible Duplicate: [Singular] Is/Are [Plural]? I'm currently writing my master thesis on Bitcoin and I'm not sure which version of this sentence is correct: "The first most important part of the Bitcoin infrastructure are all applications that communicate with the Network." "The first most important part of the Bitcoin infrastructure is all applications that communicate with the Network." Or perhaps both of them are wrong? EDIT: Finished sentences. | 1 |
Possible Duplicate: Unbreakable block I have a block of text (possibly comprising many paragraphs) near the end of a page. The page break is being inserted in the middle of this block--how do I prevent that? (How do I tell LaTeX that this block of text needs to always stay together on the same page?) This question should apply to all formats, but in my case I am using the memoir class, and am willing to include any necessary packages. | 1 |
Currently i am reading about bandgap engineering in zinc oxide. I read that using external dopents likes magnesium or cadmium we can increase or decrease bandgap of zinc oxide,thus giving unique optical and electrical properties to zinc oxide. But how adding an external dopent causes changes in the bandgap of zinc oxide. I tried to search research article regarding this but was unable to find a mechanism for this phenomenon. Advance thanks for your help | 1 |
If the coproduct of a family of objects of a Poset (seen as a category) is the least upper bound, who is the coproduct of a family of objects of a Preorder (seen as a category)? My intuition tells me that is the lub again but I'm having trouble writing the proof formally due to it is my first time with category theory and I'm not a mathematician, can you help me? | 1 |
I am a physics undergrad and thinking of exploring quantum information theory. I had a look at some books in my college library. What area in QIT, is the most mathematically challenging and rigorous? From what I saw in the books, most topics were just simple linear algebra. I am looking for an area which is mathematically richer, and uses maybe more concepts from theoretical computer science, number theory, discrete maths, algebra, etc. Classical cryptography is an area on the interface of maths and TCS which uses many areas of maths such as number theory, algebra, elliptical curves. Is the quantum cryptography also rich in mathematics? What are the prerequisites? If not, please could you suggest some areas that I are mathematically rich in QIT? | 1 |
Is the phrase "item is ignored for deletion" grammatical and idiomatic? The context is a software program. I have a list of items to be deleted from a database, and if an item from the list is not in the database, I want to display a message saying that the item is ignored. Since this message can appear among other unrelated messages, I want it to be as informative as possible but laconic. | 1 |
Can the word dear replace expensive, as in "That new T.V is too dear"? The dictionary says so, but I was completely unaware that it had that connotation. I want to use it in writing because it's a shorter, simpler sounding word with a regular comparative/superlative, dearer and dearest, but it doesn't sound idiomatic at all. No one round these parts would say that. Does anybody else in the English-speaking world say this? I tried searching a corpus but all results came back with dear used as a term of endearment. | 1 |
I am beginning to learn quantum mechanics. Since determining the position of an object involves probing by electromagnetic waves and since i have read a simple derivation of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle which says that uncertainty in momentum of a quantum particle is proportional to the momentum of light (or e.m.) used, I am beginning to wonder whether the theory of quantum mechanics is solely based on measurement using electromagnetic waves? In that case it is not a fundamental law. If we measure the position of a particle using its gravitational field change, does then the uncertainty exist? Pardon me if my question sounds silly. | 1 |
I was wondering if a library of mathematical expressions in Latex was existing on the web (I don't know if the library term is appropriate) which would help us copy and past them. It would save a lot of time when using, for instance the normal law... PS: I'm not sure of the tag below, tell me it's not the right one, I will change it right away. | 1 |
A question was recently asked on Musical Practice & Performance, asking what physical properties of silver would contribute to the sound of percussion instruments. It is likely to be off-topic there; I wondered if any of you physicists/material scientists would be able to offer a humble musician information on this site. It would also be interesting to know what contribution solid-silver or silver-plated components would make to brass/woodwind instruments, and what properties of silver are responsible for this. | 1 |
In many forums, I have seen people keep saying to avoid repetition of the same word in a paragraph. But in the sentence like below, how do you avoid the repetition? Suddenly, the dog stands up and stares at something in the hallway. A shadow of something enters the living room from the hallway. The dog continues to stare towards the hallway. I have to repeat the word hallway three times, and see no way to avoid it. Why and how should I avoid? | 1 |
I am looking for a word or expression, that describes the specific distance in the space that lets the observer appreciate and completely understand the object of observation. For example, when one is in a museum and stands too close to an impressionist painting, one can only see the brush strokes but not the flowers. But if one stands at the right distance, one can easily recognise the flowers and the whole garden. Is there an expression that describes the right distance to appreciate fully a given object? Thank you very much! anak | 1 |
I am starting to write my master thesis in latex. So far I have only written article-like texts, so this is my first big document. I would like to start with some good general good practices. Specially since I might go into academia and pursue a PhD. What are good principles to keep in mind?. For example, do you have one single huge tex file, or do you have several smaller files for each chapter? | 1 |
This was something I understood when we first went over it in class, but my text doesn't really cover it and I cannot find a direct answer online: If I use, say, the midpoint rule on a contour map to get the approximate value of an integral how can I determine if it is an over-approx. or under-approx.? Thanks! I should clarify that I am working with contour maps and double integrals- not single integrals. | 1 |
I am studying for the Berkeley Math Tournament (BMT) and I was wondering if anyone had any ideas on what I should study to prepare. This is my first math competition and would like to have as much practice before hand as possible. Also, taking a look at last years competition there are a lot of problems that I am unsure of where to begin approaching them, if anyone has any references that would help me learn the ideas and mathematics behind the problem it would be greatly appreciated. Thank you! | 1 |
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