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sciencefeedback_310 | sciencefeedback_310 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-that-cosmic-rays-are-a-crucial-player-for-current-climate-change-is-unsupported-nir-shaviv-electroverse-global-warming-policy-foundation/ | Based on the increase of solar activity during the twentieth century, it should account for between half to two-thirds of all climate change | Cap Allon, Nir Shaviv | 2019-08-11 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-that-cosmic-rays-are-a-crucial-player-for-current-climate-change-is-unsupported-nir-shaviv-electroverse-global-warming-policy-foundation/ | It is clear from many lines of evidence that human activities—not solar activity—are responsible for modern climate change. | 2019-08-11 | False | true | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_310_ret_b17_gn | sciencefeedback_310 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-that-cosmic-rays-are-a-crucial-player-for-current-climate-change-is-unsupported-nir-shaviv-electroverse-global-warming-policy-foundation/ | Based on the increase of solar activity during the twentieth century, it should account for between half to two-thirds of all climate change | Cap Allon, Nir Shaviv | 2019-08-11 | https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-incoming-sunlight | Averaged over the complete solar cycle, there’s been minimal long-term change in the Sun’s overall brightness since the start of the Industrial Revolution. Records of sunspots show increased solar activity during the first 7 decades of the 20th century, likely tied to the peak of the last 100-year Gleissberg Cycle. Following that peak around 1960, solar activity declined. In fact, activity during the most recent solar cycle is among the lowest in a century. Meanwhile, the rate of global warming has accelerated over the past few decades. [...] Taken together, the increasing solar activity of the first half of the 20th century and the decreasing activity since then have largely canceled each other out in terms of their influence on global temperature. In the Sixth Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, experts concluded that the best estimate for the influence of the Sun on climate between the pre-industrial (1850-1900) and the present (2010-2019) was that it added 0.01 Watts per square meter to the global energy imbalance causing global warming. Such a small energy imbalance (scientists call it a radiative forcing) is likely to be responsible for no more than 0.01 degrees Celsius of warming over that period. That’s 100 times smaller than the overall warming that’s occurred on Earth over the industrial period, which the IPCC estimates as 0.95–1.2 degrees Celsius in 2011–2020 versus 1850–1900. | 2009-09-01 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_310_ret_b1_gn | sciencefeedback_310 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-that-cosmic-rays-are-a-crucial-player-for-current-climate-change-is-unsupported-nir-shaviv-electroverse-global-warming-policy-foundation/ | Based on the increase of solar activity during the twentieth century, it should account for between half to two-thirds of all climate change | Cap Allon, Nir Shaviv | 2019-08-11 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_activity_and_climate | Fossil fuel era [edit]The link between recent solar activity and climate has been quantified and is not a major driver of the warming that has occurred since early in the twentieth century.[24] Human-induced forcings are needed to reproduce the late-20th century warming.[25] Some studies associate solar cycle-driven irradiation increases with part of twentieth century warming.[26][27] [...] Benestad and Schmidt[45] concluded that "the most likely contribution from solar forcing a global warming is 7 ± 1% for the 20th century and is negligible for warming since 1980." This paper disagreed with Scafetta and West,[46] who claimed that solar variability has a significant effect on climate forcing. Based on correlations between specific climate and solar forcing reconstructions, they argued that a "realistic climate scenario is the one described by a large preindustrial secular variability (e.g., the paleoclimate temperature reconstruction by Moberg et al.)[47] with TSI experiencing low secular variability (as the one shown by Wang et al.).[48] Under this scenario, they claimed the Sun might have contributed 50% of the observed global warming since 1900.[49] Stott et al. estimated that the residual effects of the prolonged high solar activity during the last 30 years account for between 16% and 36% of warming from 1950 to 1999.[50] | 2024-05-09 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_310_ret_b2_gn | sciencefeedback_310 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-that-cosmic-rays-are-a-crucial-player-for-current-climate-change-is-unsupported-nir-shaviv-electroverse-global-warming-policy-foundation/ | Based on the increase of solar activity during the twentieth century, it should account for between half to two-thirds of all climate change | Cap Allon, Nir Shaviv | 2019-08-11 | https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/blogs/climateqa/has-the-sun-been-more-active-in-recent-decades-and-could-it-be-responsible-for-some-global-warming/ | Scientists are still debating whether or not the Sun’s activity increased during the latter half of the 20th century, but even the highest estimates of activity can’t account for the warming observed since about 1950. Studies do show that solar variability has significantly influenced past climate changes. For example, a decrease in solar activity is thought to have triggered the Northern Hemisphere’s Little Ice Age between approximately 1650 and 1850, when temperatures dipped low enough that rivers that don’t freeze in today’s human-warmed climate froze over. [...] Regardless, even when scientists assume that solar activity is increasing based on proxy data and the satellite record, they can’t account for all of the warming observed at the end of the twentieth century. Climate models can only reproduce the warming observed since 1950 when a rise in greenhouse gases is built into the system. | 2010-06-24 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_310_ret_b8_gn | sciencefeedback_310 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-that-cosmic-rays-are-a-crucial-player-for-current-climate-change-is-unsupported-nir-shaviv-electroverse-global-warming-policy-foundation/ | Based on the increase of solar activity during the twentieth century, it should account for between half to two-thirds of all climate change | Cap Allon, Nir Shaviv | 2019-08-11 | https://theconversation.com/four-graphs-that-suggest-we-cant-blame-climate-change-on-solar-activity-130154 | If solar activity did play a significant role in recent changes in global temperatures, then those temperatures should have stayed roughly the same or even declined over the last decade. A paper from 2012 even predicted there would be a 1.0°C decrease in temperatures. Clearly this has not turned out to be the case. The hottest decade on record has coincided with the weakest solar cycle for over a century. Given this combination of factors, it is rather difficult to defend the position that solar activity is indeed responsible for present climate change without a radical shake up of the understanding of solar physics. In the graphs below we have attempted to correlate the number of sunspots with variations in global sea surface temperatures (taken from the Japan Meteorological Agency), and global surface temperatures (taken from GISTEMP data). [...] These observations of the present solar cycle make it very difficult to defend the position that solar activity is ultimately responsible for the world’s current warming trend. Instead they fit with the argument that human influences are responsible for a large amount of the recent increase in global temperatures. | 2020-01-24 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_312 | sciencefeedback_312 | https://science.feedback.org/review/elon-musk-claim-ventilators-killed-covid-patients-confuses-correlation-causation/ | Ventilators, not COVID, killed hospitalized COVID patients | Elon Musk | 2023-10-31 | https://science.feedback.org/review/elon-musk-claim-ventilators-killed-covid-patients-confuses-correlation-causation/ | Ventilators were commonly deployed for critically ill COVID-19 patients who developed trouble breathing. The way ventilators were used initially during the pandemic was based on doctors’ experiences of treating other, known types of pneumonia. Over time, as doctors gained a better understanding of COVID-19, their approach to ventilator use also evolved. While it is probable that ventilators were used on some patients who might not have needed it in the end, the claim that ventilators, not COVID-19, were responsible for killing the majority of COVID-19 patients isn’t substantiated by evidence. | 2023-10-31 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_312_ret_b14_gn | sciencefeedback_312 | https://science.feedback.org/review/elon-musk-claim-ventilators-killed-covid-patients-confuses-correlation-causation/ | Ventilators, not COVID, killed hospitalized COVID patients | Elon Musk | 2023-10-31 | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0270196 | The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has claimed >4 million lives globally, and these deaths often occurred in hospitalized patients with comorbidities. Therefore, the proposed review aims to distinguish the inpatient mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation risk in COVID-19 patients treated with the anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies and/or the antiviral agents. [...] Citation: Saha S (2022) Death and invasive mechanical ventilation risk in hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies and/or antiviral agents: A systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol. PLoS ONE 17(6): e0270196. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270196 [...] - Outcome: The primary outcome of interest will be all-cause inpatient deaths. The secondary outcome will include eventual invasive mechanical ventilation requirements in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A trial must report either one or both of these outcomes to be eligible. | 2022-06-17 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_312_ret_bn_g16 | sciencefeedback_312 | https://science.feedback.org/review/elon-musk-claim-ventilators-killed-covid-patients-confuses-correlation-causation/ | Ventilators, not COVID, killed hospitalized COVID patients | Elon Musk | 2023-10-31 | https://science.feedback.org/review/elon-musk-claim-ventilators-killed-covid-patients-confuses-correlation-causation/ | Ventilators were commonly deployed for critically ill COVID-19 patients who developed trouble breathing. The way ventilators were used initially during the pandemic was based on doctors’ experiences of treating other, known types of pneumonia. Over time, as doctors gained a better understanding of COVID-19, their approach to ventilator use also evolved. While it is probable that ventilators were used on some patients who might not have needed it in the end, the claim that ventilators, not COVID-19, were responsible for killing the majority of COVID-19 patients isn’t substantiated by evidence. [...] On the podcast, Rogan stated "80% of people they put on ventilators died". Musk, who has no training in medicine, then followed up by claiming that putting people on ventilators is "what is damaging the lungs, not Covid. It’s the treatment, the cure is worse than the disease".He alleged that he received this information from doctors in Wuhan that he called. Taken as a response to Rogan’s statement, Musk’s remarks can be interpreted to mean that it was ventilators that had killed COVID-19 patients, rather than COVID-19. [...] In an article for MedPage Today, Rohin Francis, a cardiologist and science communicator, also refuted the claim that ventilators were what killed COVID-19 patients, citing "breathless articles in the news stating that 80% of patients placed on ventilators die": | 2023-11-14 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_312_ret_bn_g2 | sciencefeedback_312 | https://science.feedback.org/review/elon-musk-claim-ventilators-killed-covid-patients-confuses-correlation-causation/ | Ventilators, not COVID, killed hospitalized COVID patients | Elon Musk | 2023-10-31 | https://apnews.com/article/fact-check-study-ventilators-covid-deaths-775866708011 | CLAIM: A new study found that ventilators were responsible for nearly all COVID-19 patient deaths. [...] "Official Report: Ventilators Killed Nearly ALL COVID Patients," reads a headline that has racked up tens of thousands of likes and shares. [...] Ventilator-associated pneumonia, as it’s called, is a known issue in the field, and not COVID-19 specific: A patient’s lungs aren’t operating normally, Singer said, and a tube in the windpipe presents an opening for bacteria. | 2023-11-17 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_313 | sciencefeedback_313 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-evidence-that-covid-19-vaccines-reduces-the-life-expectancy-of-vaccinated-people-covid-19-vaccines-dont-increase-mortality-rate/ | “those who have been fully vaccinated for COVID-19 with mRNA shots will lose 25 years of their life” | Anonymous | 2023-04-01 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-evidence-that-covid-19-vaccines-reduces-the-life-expectancy-of-vaccinated-people-covid-19-vaccines-dont-increase-mortality-rate/ | COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective at preventing severe disease. Large clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance didn’t find evidence that all-cause mortality increases in vaccinated people. Studies suggest that COVID-19 vaccines have helped save lives instead, by preventing millions of COVID-19 deaths globally. | 2023-04-01 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_313_ret_b12_gn | sciencefeedback_313 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-evidence-that-covid-19-vaccines-reduces-the-life-expectancy-of-vaccinated-people-covid-19-vaccines-dont-increase-mortality-rate/ | “those who have been fully vaccinated for COVID-19 with mRNA shots will lose 25 years of their life” | Anonymous | 2023-04-01 | https://www.factcheck.org/2021/04/scicheck-irish-professor-makes-unfounded-claims-about-long-term-effects-of-mrna-vaccines/ | The COVID-19 mRNA vaccines authorized for use were found to be safe and effective in clinical trials and real-world conditions. A professor in Ireland baselessly claims in a video circulating on social media that they are not, and that those who get the vaccines will die as a result within several years. [...] "And I would say anyone who gets the mRNA injection, no matter what age you are, your life expectancy will be reduced to you know die, if you’re in your 30s, within five to 10 years," continues Cahill, a professor at the medical school at the University College Dublin who has previously come under criticism for spreading misinformation about COVID-19. [...] While Cahill’s claims about supposed long-term effects of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines aren’t rooted in evidence, there is support for the fact that COVID-19 itself can result in long-term health effects. | 2022-02-10 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_313_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_313 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-evidence-that-covid-19-vaccines-reduces-the-life-expectancy-of-vaccinated-people-covid-19-vaccines-dont-increase-mortality-rate/ | “those who have been fully vaccinated for COVID-19 with mRNA shots will lose 25 years of their life” | Anonymous | 2023-04-01 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-evidence-that-covid-19-vaccines-reduces-the-life-expectancy-of-vaccinated-people-covid-19-vaccines-dont-increase-mortality-rate/ | Another claim that has emerged to support this narrative is that vaccinated people will increase their risk of mortality by 7% for every dose received and so "those who have been fully vaccinated for COVID-19 with mRNA shots will lose 25 years of their life", which appeared in early April 2023 on websites like The Exposé and Slay News. However, this claim is inaccurate. We explain why below. Firstly, the claim that vaccinated people will experience a 25-year loss in life expectancy is an extrapolation of a previous claim by insurance analyst Josh Stirling that "each additional vaccine dose increased mortality by 7%". Health Feedback previously debunked Stirling’s claim in detail here. [...] Overall, the foundation of this claim—that there is a 7% mortality increase due to COVID-19 vaccination—isn’t actually supported by data and any reasoning built on that estimate is fallacious. The claim that vaccinated people have their life expectancy reduced by 25 years takes Stirling’s erroneous 7% figure and further compounds it with an invalid extrapolation to stoke fear over COVID-19 vaccines. | 2023-05-30 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_317 | sciencefeedback_317 | https://science.feedback.org/review/a-proportion-of-covid-19-survivors-are-likely-to-suffer-from-long-term-health-problems-but-the-actual-risks-are-still-unknown/ | “For every one person who dies: 19 more require hospitalization; 18 of those will have permanent heart damage for the rest of their lives” | Franklin Veaux | 2020-07-13 | https://science.feedback.org/review/a-proportion-of-covid-19-survivors-are-likely-to-suffer-from-long-term-health-problems-but-the-actual-risks-are-still-unknown/ | COVID-19 infections can have multiple outcomes besides death and complete recovery. Although the vast majority of patients survive the infection, a significant proportion continue to suffer from potentially lifelong health problems, such as heart and lung damage and neurological deficits. Hence it is important to take transmission control measures seriously to minimize our risk of infection. However, there is currently not enough information to calculate with certainty the risks of developing the different sequelae of infection. | 2020-07-13 | Half True | true | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_317_ret_b0_gn | sciencefeedback_317 | https://science.feedback.org/review/a-proportion-of-covid-19-survivors-are-likely-to-suffer-from-long-term-health-problems-but-the-actual-risks-are-still-unknown/ | “For every one person who dies: 19 more require hospitalization; 18 of those will have permanent heart damage for the rest of their lives” | Franklin Veaux | 2020-07-13 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/a-proportion-of-covid-19-survivors-are-likely-to-suffer-from-long-term-health-problems-but-the-actual-risks-are-still-unknown/ | FULL CLAIM: "For every one person who dies: 19 more require hospitalization; 18 of those will have permanent heart damage for the rest of their lives; 10 will have permanent lung damage; 3 will have strokes; 2 will have neurological damage that leads to chronic weakness and loss of coordination; 2 will have neurological damage that leads to loss of cognitive function." [...] Despite the update, Veaux’s methods for calculating probability remain unclear and the sources he used contain some unacknowledged flaws and/or caveats. To support his statement that 18 people will have permanent heart damage for every one person who dies, he gathered statistics on heart damage from this article, which is largely based on a 12 June article published by Vox. The relevant passage states: [...] Finally, if we assume that Veaux made his calculations based on the Lancet study and if we leave aside all these caveats, the number of deaths (six) among the study cohort to the number of cases of heart damage (five) means that for every one person who dies, approximately one person suffers from heart damage, rather than 18 as he stated in his post. At any rate, given the limitations of the Lancet study, it would not be good practice to attempt to use its numbers to extrapolate to a hypothetical situation for the general population in the U.S., or indeed, anywhere else. | 2020-07-22 | Half True | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_317_ret_b1_gn | sciencefeedback_317 | https://science.feedback.org/review/a-proportion-of-covid-19-survivors-are-likely-to-suffer-from-long-term-health-problems-but-the-actual-risks-are-still-unknown/ | “For every one person who dies: 19 more require hospitalization; 18 of those will have permanent heart damage for the rest of their lives” | Franklin Veaux | 2020-07-13 | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23826890 | > One study published in March found that out of 416 _hospitalized_ Covid-19 patients, 19% showed signs of heart damage. [...] Assuming 19 in 100 require hospitalization, according to the study: 19% of 19 will have heart damage or 3.61. Similar breakdown for other points. [...] > 59,076,000 people with permanent heart damage. | 2020-07-13 | Half True | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_317_ret_b6_gn | sciencefeedback_317 | https://science.feedback.org/review/a-proportion-of-covid-19-survivors-are-likely-to-suffer-from-long-term-health-problems-but-the-actual-risks-are-still-unknown/ | “For every one person who dies: 19 more require hospitalization; 18 of those will have permanent heart damage for the rest of their lives” | Franklin Veaux | 2020-07-13 | https://ourworldindata.org/covid-hospitalizations | How many people are in hospital due to COVID-19 at a given time? [...] Note that this is distinct from the weekly new number of people admitted to hospital due to COVID-19. You find this metric in the next section. [...] Note that this number is distinct from the total number of patients in hospital due to COVID-19 at any given time. You find this data in the previous section. | 2020-03-05 | Half True | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_319 | sciencefeedback_319 | https://science.feedback.org/review/data-shows-temperatures-rising-greenland-world-current-global-warming-driven-co2-not-solar-activity/ | Ice cores from Greenland show no significant warming, casting doubt on the climate change theory | Stephen Andrews | 2024-03-08 | https://science.feedback.org/review/data-shows-temperatures-rising-greenland-world-current-global-warming-driven-co2-not-solar-activity/ | The effect of atmospheric CO2 concentrations on global temperatures is well established; as concentrations rise, global warming increases through the greenhouse effect. Scientific studies show that modern global warming is primarily driven by increasing CO2 emissions from human activities. Based on the available scientific evidence, solar variation has had no significant effect on modern global warming compared to rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. | 2024-03-08 | False | true | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_319_ret_b16_gn | sciencefeedback_319 | https://science.feedback.org/review/data-shows-temperatures-rising-greenland-world-current-global-warming-driven-co2-not-solar-activity/ | Ice cores from Greenland show no significant warming, casting doubt on the climate change theory | Stephen Andrews | 2024-03-08 | https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/latest-ice-core-analysis-shows-sharp-warming-spike-in-greenland | "This is an important finding and corroborates the suspicion that the ‘missing warming’ in the ice cores is due to the fact that the cores end before the strong warming sets in," said climate scientist Martin Stendel of the Danish Meteorological Institute, who wasn’t part of the research. The ice cores are used to make a chart of proxy temperatures for Greenland running from the year 1000 to 2011. It shows temperatures gently sloping cooler for the first 800 years, then wiggling up and down while sloping warmer until a sharp and sudden spike hotter from the 1990s on. One scientist compared it to a hockey stick, a description used for other long-term temperature data showing climate change. READ MORE: Greenland suspends oil exploration because of climate change The jump in temperature after 1995 is so much larger than pre-industrial times before the mid-19th century that there is "almost zero" chance that it is anything but human-caused climate change, Hoerhold said. The warming spike also mirrors a sudden rise in the amount of water running off from Greenland’s melting ice, the study finds. | 2023-01-18 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_319_ret_b1_gn | sciencefeedback_319 | https://science.feedback.org/review/data-shows-temperatures-rising-greenland-world-current-global-warming-driven-co2-not-solar-activity/ | Ice cores from Greenland show no significant warming, casting doubt on the climate change theory | Stephen Andrews | 2024-03-08 | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-021-00916-9 | A 120,000-year long climate record from a NW-Greenland deep ice core at ultra-high resolution [...] Steffensen, J. P. et al. High-resolution Greenland ice core data show abrupt climate change happens in few years. Science321, 680–684, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1157707 (2008). [...] Gkinis, V., Vinther, B.M., Popp, T.J. et al. A 120,000-year long climate record from a NW-Greenland deep ice core at ultra-high resolution. | 2021-05-26 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_319_ret_b3_gn | sciencefeedback_319 | https://science.feedback.org/review/data-shows-temperatures-rising-greenland-world-current-global-warming-driven-co2-not-solar-activity/ | Ice cores from Greenland show no significant warming, casting doubt on the climate change theory | Stephen Andrews | 2024-03-08 | https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/18/world/greenland-ice-sheet-warming-climate/index.html | After years of research on the Greenland ice sheet – which CNN visited when the cores were drilled – scientists reported Wednesday in the journal Nature that temperatures there have been the warmest in at least the last 1,000 years – the longest amount of time their ice cores could be analyzed to. And they found that between 2001 and 2011, it was on average 1.5 degrees Celsius warmer than it was during the 20th century. [...] During pre-industrial times, there were no weather stations in Greenland that gathered temperature data like today. That’s why the scientists relied on paleoclimate data, such as ice cores, to study the region’s warming patterns. The last robust ice core analysis in Greenland ended in 1995, and that data didn’t detect warming despite climate change already being apparent elsewhere, Hörhold said. [...] Significant warming in Greenland’s ice sheet is nearing a tipping point, scientists say, which could trigger catastrophic melting. Greenland holds enough ice that if it all melted, it could lift global sea levels by roughly 24 feet, according to NASA. | 2023-01-18 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_319_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_319 | https://science.feedback.org/review/data-shows-temperatures-rising-greenland-world-current-global-warming-driven-co2-not-solar-activity/ | Ice cores from Greenland show no significant warming, casting doubt on the climate change theory | Stephen Andrews | 2024-03-08 | https://science.feedback.org/review/data-shows-temperatures-rising-greenland-world-current-global-warming-driven-co2-not-solar-activity/ | The claim that there is no global warming signal from Greenland is in direct contradiction with available observations. Recent studies of ice cores from several locations in Greenland have shown that temperatures are warming faster than the natural variation of the last 1000 years. Rising temperatures in Greenland do not necessarily represent global changes. However, other studies have shown evidence of rising temperatures around the world. [...] A recent example is in an article on The Daily Sceptic, which made several claims about global warming using a small subset of the available climate data, which we will investigate below. Based on ice core data from one part of Greenland, the article claims that "there is no significant global warming signal coming from one of the most sensitive parts of the planet", and that these data–which show a rising temperature trend in modern times–fall within a normal (natural) variation. However, this claim is in direct contradiction with scientific findings, mischaracterizes the cited data, and excludes sufficient context about how global warming trends are studied. [...] Based on these findings, the claim made in The Daily Sceptic article regarding a lack of global warming signal from Greenland is inaccurate and a mischaracterization of the supporting data. The Hörhold et al. (2023) study–which analyzed more ice core data (with greater spatial coverage) and achieved high data correlation–found clear evidence of warming in Greenland which exceeded the natural variation of the last 1000 years[4]. | 2024-03-25 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_320 | sciencefeedback_320 | https://science.feedback.org/review/antarctic-ice-coverage-not-increasing-record-levels-nor-continent-getting-colder-contrary-to-curry-easterbrook-cfact-movie/ | Antarctic sea-ice extent is increasing to record levels. Antarctica is getting colder; its sea ice and ice cap are not melting | Judith Curry and Don Easterbrook | 2023-04-28 | https://science.feedback.org/review/antarctic-ice-coverage-not-increasing-record-levels-nor-continent-getting-colder-contrary-to-curry-easterbrook-cfact-movie/ | Despite a period of slight growth between 1979 and 2014, Antarctic sea ice cover is not increasing to record levels. The trend reversed in 2014 and ice cover started to decrease vigorously. Many long-term measurements from Antarctic research stations show no significant warming or cooling trends over the whole continent, but parts of the continent are among the regions experiencing the fastest warming in the world, and the ice cap is losing mass. | 2023-04-28 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_320_ret_b15_g4 | sciencefeedback_320 | https://science.feedback.org/review/antarctic-ice-coverage-not-increasing-record-levels-nor-continent-getting-colder-contrary-to-curry-easterbrook-cfact-movie/ | Antarctic sea-ice extent is increasing to record levels. Antarctica is getting colder; its sea ice and ice cap are not melting | Judith Curry and Don Easterbrook | 2023-04-28 | https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/goddard/antarctic-sea-ice-reaches-new-record-maximum/ | Sea ice surrounding Antarctica reached a new record high extent this year, covering more of the southern oceans than it has since scientists began a long-term satellite record to map sea ice extent in the late 1970s. The upward trend in the Antarctic, however, is only about a third of the magnitude of the rapid loss of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. The new Antarctic sea ice record reflects the diversity and complexity of Earth’s environments, said NASA researchers. Claire Parkinson, a senior scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, has referred to changes in sea ice coverage as a microcosm of global climate change. Just as the temperatures in some regions of the planet are colder than average, even in our warming world, Antarctic sea ice has been increasing and bucking the overall trend of ice loss. [...] Since the late 1970s, the Arctic has lost an average of 20,800 square miles (53,900 square kilometers) of ice a year; the Antarctic has gained an average of 7,300 square miles (18,900 sq km). On Sept. 19 this year, for the first time ever since 1979, Antarctic sea ice extent exceeded 7.72 million square miles (20 million square kilometers), according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center. The ice extent stayed above this benchmark extent for several days. The average maximum extent between 1981 and 2010 was 7.23 million square miles (18.72 million square kilometers). | 2023-07-25 | False | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_320_ret_b18_gn | sciencefeedback_320 | https://science.feedback.org/review/antarctic-ice-coverage-not-increasing-record-levels-nor-continent-getting-colder-contrary-to-curry-easterbrook-cfact-movie/ | Antarctic sea-ice extent is increasing to record levels. Antarctica is getting colder; its sea ice and ice cap are not melting | Judith Curry and Don Easterbrook | 2023-04-28 | https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-022-00281-0 | A new record minimum for Antarctic sea ice [...] Antarctic sea ice extent reached a new record low of 1.965 million km2 on 23 February 2022. This extent is approximately 32% below climatological values and might indicate a transition to new, more extreme, annual fluctuations. [...] Handcock, M. S. & Raphael, M. N. Modeling the annual cycle of daily Antarctic sea ice extent. The Cryosphere14, 2159–2172 (2020). | 2022-03-10 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_320_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_320 | https://science.feedback.org/review/antarctic-ice-coverage-not-increasing-record-levels-nor-continent-getting-colder-contrary-to-curry-easterbrook-cfact-movie/ | Antarctic sea-ice extent is increasing to record levels. Antarctica is getting colder; its sea ice and ice cap are not melting | Judith Curry and Don Easterbrook | 2023-04-28 | https://science.feedback.org/review/antarctic-ice-coverage-not-increasing-record-levels-nor-continent-getting-colder-contrary-to-curry-easterbrook-cfact-movie/ | Despite a period of slight growth between 1979 and 2014, Antarctic sea ice cover is not increasing to record levels. The trend reversed in 2014 and ice cover started to decrease vigorously. Many long-term measurements from Antarctic research stations show no significant warming or cooling trends over the whole continent, but parts of the continent are among the regions experiencing the fastest warming in the world, and the ice cap is losing mass. Cherry-picking Antarctic sea-ice extent reached a record high in 2014, but that was not the sign of a long term trend of expansion since a precipitous decline followed, with the sea ice extent reaching its lowest value in 40 years. [...] Former climatologist Judith Curry, who called into question the fact that humans are the dominant cause of recent climate change in Congressional Testimony, first claims that "Antarctica sea ice extent is increasing to record levels". Sea ice extent refers to the cumulative area of all ocean surfaces where water is covered with ice. On the other hand, the terms ice cap and ice sheet refer to ice covering terrain such as land or bedrock. In order to understand the trends in sea ice extent, scientists study its area in February and September, respectively the periods in which the ice cover retreats and peaks. | 2023-04-28 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_320_ret_bn_g1 | sciencefeedback_320 | https://science.feedback.org/review/antarctic-ice-coverage-not-increasing-record-levels-nor-continent-getting-colder-contrary-to-curry-easterbrook-cfact-movie/ | Antarctic sea-ice extent is increasing to record levels. Antarctica is getting colder; its sea ice and ice cap are not melting | Judith Curry and Don Easterbrook | 2023-04-28 | https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/SeaIce | Since 1979, the total annual Antarctic sea ice extent has increased about 1 percent per decade. Compared to the Arctic, the signal has been a "noisy" one, with wide year–to-year fluctuations. For three consecutive Septembers (2012 to 2014), satellites observed new record highs for winter sea ice extent around Antarctica. The largest of those occurred in September 2014, when the ice reached 20.14 million square kilometers (7.78 million square miles). Still, increases in Antarctic sea ice are exceeded by decreases in the Arctic. That is to say, global sea ice is decreasing even as Antarctic sea ice is increasing slightly. [...] Antarctic sea ice trends are smaller and more complex. Relative to the average from 1981 to 2010, the Antarctic sea ice extent increased about 1 percent per decade, but the trends were not consistent for all areas or all seasons. The variability in Antarctic sea ice patterns makes it harder for scientists to explain Antarctic sea ice trends and to predict how Southern Hemisphere sea ice may change as greenhouse gases continue to warm the Earth. Climate models do predict that Antarctic sea ice will respond more slowly than Arctic sea ice to warming, but as temperatures continue to rise, a long-term decline is expected. | 2016-09-16 | False | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
sciencefeedback_322 | sciencefeedback_322 | https://science.feedback.org/review/prediction-extinction-rebellion-climate-change-will-kill-6-billion-people-unsupported-roger-hallam-bbc/ | I am talking about the slaughter, death, and starvation of 6 billion people this century—that's what the science predicts. | Roger Hallam | 2019-08-22 | https://science.feedback.org/review/prediction-extinction-rebellion-climate-change-will-kill-6-billion-people-unsupported-roger-hallam-bbc/ | Research shows that continuing climate change results in a broad array of serious threats to humans and other species. However, counter to Hallam's statement, published studies have not predicted 6 billion human deaths this century and there is no credible mechanism referred to justify how this could happen. | 2019-08-22 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_322_ret_bn_g2 | sciencefeedback_322 | https://science.feedback.org/review/prediction-extinction-rebellion-climate-change-will-kill-6-billion-people-unsupported-roger-hallam-bbc/ | I am talking about the slaughter, death, and starvation of 6 billion people this century—that's what the science predicts. | Roger Hallam | 2019-08-22 | https://info.ecogardens.com/blog/the-climate-apocalypse-lukewarming-and-the-new-science-of-climate-change | Apocalyptic rhetoric blankets the news. Various groups claim various disasters, up to and including that billions will die within the next few decades. Greta Thunberg and President Trump shout at whoever will listen, engaging in a private (read: not private) Twitter war the rest of the time. [...] The thing is, that’s not what science actually predicts. Not really. Even if we did do something drastic enough to destroy the world, there is always enough life left after an extinction to go on – someday, anyway. We just probably wouldn’t be around to see it. [...] Let’s consider for a moment the claim by Extinction Rebellion’s Roger Hallam: "I am talking about the slaughter, death, and starvation of 6 billion people this century—that's what the science predicts." | 2024-01-01 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_322_ret_bn_g8 | sciencefeedback_322 | https://science.feedback.org/review/prediction-extinction-rebellion-climate-change-will-kill-6-billion-people-unsupported-roger-hallam-bbc/ | I am talking about the slaughter, death, and starvation of 6 billion people this century—that's what the science predicts. | Roger Hallam | 2019-08-22 | https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/key-findings | - Without adaptive measures, the number of people who lack sufficient water for at least one month per year will soar from 3.6 billion today to more than 5 billion by 2050. [...] Sources: IPCC - The unsustainable use of land, soil, water and energy for food contributes to greenhouse gas emissions that cause rising temperatures. Higher temperatures in turn affect resources to produce food. Up to 811 million people in the world faced hunger in 2020, as many as 161 million more than in 2019. | 2011-03-06 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_324 | sciencefeedback_324 | https://science.feedback.org/review/contrary-to-popular-video-vaccine-ingredients-are-safe-not-linked-to-encephalopathy-del-bigtree/ | Toxic vaccine ingredients in the MMR vaccine cause encephalopathy | Del Bigtree | 2017-05-04 | https://science.feedback.org/review/contrary-to-popular-video-vaccine-ingredients-are-safe-not-linked-to-encephalopathy-del-bigtree/ | Current data shows that vaccines are safe and do not cause toxicity or encephalopathy. Vaccines undergo rigorous clinical trials and safety testing before they are used in the general population, and are also subject to continued monitoring even after they are approved for use. | 2017-05-04 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_324_ret_b13_gn | sciencefeedback_324 | https://science.feedback.org/review/contrary-to-popular-video-vaccine-ingredients-are-safe-not-linked-to-encephalopathy-del-bigtree/ | Toxic vaccine ingredients in the MMR vaccine cause encephalopathy | Del Bigtree | 2017-05-04 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9481001/ | Acute encephalopathy followed by permanent brain injury or death associated with further attenuated measles vaccines: a review of claims submitted to the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program - PMID: 9481001 - DOI: 10.1542/peds.101.3.383 [...] Objective: To determine if there is evidence for a causal relationship between acute encephalopathy followed by permanent brain injury or death associated with the administration of further attenuated measles vaccines (Attenuvax or Lirugen, Hoechst Marion Roussel, Kansas City, MO), mumps vaccine (Mumpsvax, Merck and Co, Inc, West Point, PA), or rubella vaccines (Meruvax or Meruvax II, Merck and Co, Inc, West Point, PA), combined measles and rubella vaccine (M-R-Vax or M-R-Vax II, Merck and Co, Inc, West Point, PA), or combined measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (M-M-R or M-M-R II, Merck and Co, Inc, West Point, PA), the lead author reviewed claims submitted to the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. [...] Conclusions: This clustering suggests that a causal relationship between measles vaccine and encephalopathy may exist as a rare complication of measles immunization. | 2014-11-01 | False | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_325 | sciencefeedback_325 | https://science.feedback.org/review/eating-alkaline-food-cannot-prevent-or-cure-covid-19/ | The pH for the coronavirus varies from 5.5 to 8.5. What we need to do to defeat the coronavirus is to consume more alkaline foods above the virus’ pH level. | Facebook users | 2020-04-22 | https://science.feedback.org/review/eating-alkaline-food-cannot-prevent-or-cure-covid-19/ | Scientists have not determined the ideal pH environment for SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the cells of the tissues that SARS-CoV-2 primarily targets, including the lungs and intestines, maintain a very tightly controlled pH both inside and out in order to maintain cellular metabolism and proper enzyme activity. Altering pH in cells and tissues beyond a very narrow range would likely result in death. | 2020-04-22 | False | true | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_325_ret_bn_g1 | sciencefeedback_325 | https://science.feedback.org/review/eating-alkaline-food-cannot-prevent-or-cure-covid-19/ | The pH for the coronavirus varies from 5.5 to 8.5. What we need to do to defeat the coronavirus is to consume more alkaline foods above the virus’ pH level. | Facebook users | 2020-04-22 | https://apnews.com/article/archive-fact-checking-8703572316 | CLAIM: Eating alkaline foods will stave off the novel coronavirus, which has a pH level of 5.5 to 8.5. [...] THE FACTS: A false post circulating on social media claims that COVID-19 has a pH level between 5.5 to 8.5, and in order to fend off the virus people must consume alkaline foods. "This is to inform us all that the pH for corona virus varies from 5.5 to 8.5. All we need to do, to beat coronavirus, we need to take more of an alkaline foods that are above the pH level of the virus," the post falsely states, citing the "Journal of Virology & Antiviral Research." | 2021-04-30 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_325_ret_bn_g12 | sciencefeedback_325 | https://science.feedback.org/review/eating-alkaline-food-cannot-prevent-or-cure-covid-19/ | The pH for the coronavirus varies from 5.5 to 8.5. What we need to do to defeat the coronavirus is to consume more alkaline foods above the virus’ pH level. | Facebook users | 2020-04-22 | https://www.medindia.net/news/can-alkaline-foods-fight-against-coronavirus-194061-1.htm | Coronavirus pH varies from 5.5 to 8.5 is a myth, as the World Health Organization (WHO) hasn’t released any data on the coronavirus’ pH level. However, increasing your immunity can help fight against any disease. The message on WhatsApp //reads: "All we need to do to beat coronavirus is to take more of an alkaline foods that are above the above pH level of the Virus. Some of which are: Lemon - 9.9pH, Lime - 8.2pH, Avocado - 15.6pH, Garlic - 13.2pH, Mango - 8.7pH, Tangerine - 8.5pH, Pineapple - 12.7pH and Orange - 9.2pH". ‘New coronavirus scare has created several health myths on social media platforms and one of those is that to improve your pH levels, as the pH for coronavirus varies from 5.5 to 8.5.’ [...] "The World Health Organization (WHO) hasn’t released any data on the coronavirus’ pH level. In general, alkaline food items are essential to build the body’s immunity. The stronger the body’s immunity, the better will it fight infections and diseases," Mathur noted. | 2020-03-30 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_325_ret_bn_g16 | sciencefeedback_325 | https://science.feedback.org/review/eating-alkaline-food-cannot-prevent-or-cure-covid-19/ | The pH for the coronavirus varies from 5.5 to 8.5. What we need to do to defeat the coronavirus is to consume more alkaline foods above the virus’ pH level. | Facebook users | 2020-04-22 | https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/no-ph-value-of-covid-19-experts-deny-its-link-with-alkaline-foods-fact-check | Now, a message claims that the pH value of the novel coronavirus ranges between 5.5 and 8.5 and thus, one should consume alkaline food that are above the pH level of the virus so as to prevent its spread. This information is being attributed to a research published in the Journal of Virology. [...] pH VALUES, COVID-19 AND ALKALINE FOODS pH levels range from 0 to 14, with pH values less than 7 being acidic and more than 7 being basic in nature. [...] "Viruses do not have pH values. Rather no living organism has pH values. The relation between alkaline foods and the novel coronavirus is totally baseless."Dr Shaheed Jameel, leading virologist | 2020-03-30 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_325_ret_bn_g2 | sciencefeedback_325 | https://science.feedback.org/review/eating-alkaline-food-cannot-prevent-or-cure-covid-19/ | The pH for the coronavirus varies from 5.5 to 8.5. What we need to do to defeat the coronavirus is to consume more alkaline foods above the virus’ pH level. | Facebook users | 2020-04-22 | https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/05/06/fact-check-alkaline-diet-not-cure-coronavirus/3068027001/ | A claim posted on Facebook alleged that the pH of the coronavirus varies from 5.5 to 8.5, and "all we need to do, to beat coronavirus," is eat alkaline foods above the pH levels of the virus. The pH of the coronavirus [...] The claim that an alkaline diet will help beat the coronavirus is FALSE. The claim that coronavirus has a pH level of 5.5 to 8.5 cited a study from 1991 about a different coronavirus, not the one that causes COVID-19. The post misinterpreted the findings of that study. The idea that alkaline foods will help beat the coronavirus is also false. There are no confirmed preventive measures or cures for COVID-19. Though a healthy diet can help strengthen immune systems, there is not enough of an effect to stop the coronavirus. | 2020-05-06 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_327 | sciencefeedback_327 | https://science.feedback.org/review/testimony-by-steve-kirsch-on-the-alleged-harms-of-vaccination-relies-on-flawed-biased-analyses/ | “All these vaccines are causing harm to our kids”; “The fully unvaccinated kids are always healthier”; “vaccines are causing chronic disease in America” | Steve Kirsch | 2023-06-09 | https://science.feedback.org/review/testimony-by-steve-kirsch-on-the-alleged-harms-of-vaccination-relies-on-flawed-biased-analyses/ | Childhood vaccination represents a great advancement in public health that has helped to eliminate or reduce the risk of diseases that in the past killed and disabled more than two million children worldwide per year. A robust body of evidence shows that the vaccines that are currently in use, including COVID-19 vaccines, are safe for children and not associated with a higher risk of adverse health outcomes. | 2023-06-09 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_327_ret_b0_gn | sciencefeedback_327 | https://science.feedback.org/review/testimony-by-steve-kirsch-on-the-alleged-harms-of-vaccination-relies-on-flawed-biased-analyses/ | “All these vaccines are causing harm to our kids”; “The fully unvaccinated kids are always healthier”; “vaccines are causing chronic disease in America” | Steve Kirsch | 2023-06-09 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/testimony-by-steve-kirsch-on-the-alleged-harms-of-vaccination-relies-on-flawed-biased-analyses/ | It’s not just the COVID vaccines; it’s every single one of them"; "The fully unvaccinated kids are always healthier"; "vaccines are causing chronic disease in America" [...] One example is this video in which entrepreneur Steve Kirsch—who has repeatedly made false claims about vaccines—claimed that vaccines harm children and "are causing chronic disease in America", and that "The fully unvaccinated kids are always healthier". He added, "It’s not just the COVID vaccines; it’s every single one of them". [...] Kirsch’s claim that vaccination leads to chronic diseases is also unsubstantiated and contradicted by scientific evidence, as Health Feedback explained in earlier reviews. Robust studies found no association between vaccines or their ingredients with poorer health or with conditions such as asthma, infections, autoimmune diseases, cognitive delay, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit/hyperactive disorder, among others[6-12]. | 2023-08-11 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_327_ret_b5_gn | sciencefeedback_327 | https://science.feedback.org/review/testimony-by-steve-kirsch-on-the-alleged-harms-of-vaccination-relies-on-flawed-biased-analyses/ | “All these vaccines are causing harm to our kids”; “The fully unvaccinated kids are always healthier”; “vaccines are causing chronic disease in America” | Steve Kirsch | 2023-06-09 | https://www.bbc.com/news/health-58783711 | Campaigners have been gathering outside schools, handing out what they claim are legal documents or "notices of liability" to head teachers, warning them not to vaccinate children. [...] This was determined by doctors who examined the patient and had access to their medical records and test results. [...] These campaigns appear to be having a wide reach, with protests at schools across the UK. | 2021-12-14 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_327_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_327 | https://science.feedback.org/review/testimony-by-steve-kirsch-on-the-alleged-harms-of-vaccination-relies-on-flawed-biased-analyses/ | “All these vaccines are causing harm to our kids”; “The fully unvaccinated kids are always healthier”; “vaccines are causing chronic disease in America” | Steve Kirsch | 2023-06-09 | https://science.feedback.org/review/testimony-by-steve-kirsch-on-the-alleged-harms-of-vaccination-relies-on-flawed-biased-analyses/ | One example is this video in which entrepreneur Steve Kirsch—who has repeatedly made false claims about vaccines—claimed that vaccines harm children and "are causing chronic disease in America", and that "The fully unvaccinated kids are always healthier". He added, "It’s not just the COVID vaccines; it’s every single one of them". [...] Kirsch’s first reference is a study by bioinformatician James Lyons-Weiler and pediatrician Paul Thomas supposedly showing that fully unvaccinated children are healthier than vaccinated children. The study was published in the International Journal of Environmental Research in November 2020. However, it was retracted by the journal in July 2021 because "the conclusions were not supported by strong scientific data". [...] Kirsch’s claim that vaccination leads to chronic diseases is also unsubstantiated and contradicted by scientific evidence, as Health Feedback explained in earlier reviews. Robust studies found no association between vaccines or their ingredients with poorer health or with conditions such as asthma, infections, autoimmune diseases, cognitive delay, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit/hyperactive disorder, among others[6-12]. | 2023-08-10 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_327_ret_bn_g10 | sciencefeedback_327 | https://science.feedback.org/review/testimony-by-steve-kirsch-on-the-alleged-harms-of-vaccination-relies-on-flawed-biased-analyses/ | “All these vaccines are causing harm to our kids”; “The fully unvaccinated kids are always healthier”; “vaccines are causing chronic disease in America” | Steve Kirsch | 2023-06-09 | https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-immunization-guide-part-4-active-vaccines/page-24-varicella-chickenpox-vaccine.html | Persons with chronic diseases [...] Chronic renal disease and patients on dialysis [...] Refer to Immunization of Persons with Chronic Diseases in Part 3 for additional general information about vaccination of people with chronic diseases. | 2017-09-13 | False | false | false | not_applicable |
sciencefeedback_33 | sciencefeedback_33 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-scientific-basis-claim-urine-reaction-salt-confirm-pregnancy/ | The way urine reacts to salt is a test for pregnancy | Social media users | 2024-05-23 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-scientific-basis-claim-urine-reaction-salt-confirm-pregnancy/ | Home pregnancy test kits detect pregnancy by picking up on the presence of a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in urine. Pregnancy can also be detected at the clinic using a blood test for hCG. The claim that pregnancy can be confirmed by the way salt reacts to urine appears to borrow elements from how home pregnancy test kits work. However, there’s no known mechanism by which salt reacts to the presence of hCG, and thus it isn’t a reliable method for confirming pregnancy. | 2024-05-23 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_33_ret_b19_gn | sciencefeedback_33 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-scientific-basis-claim-urine-reaction-salt-confirm-pregnancy/ | The way urine reacts to salt is a test for pregnancy | Social media users | 2024-05-23 | https://pregnancyarchive.com/blog/pregnancy-test-with-salt-how-to-use-this-simple-household-ingredient-to-determine-if-youre-expecting | The salt pregnancy test involves mixing urine with salt and observing the resulting reaction. Proponents of this method claim that if the mixture forms a milk-like substance, it indicates a positive pregnancy result. However, these claims are not supported by scientific evidence or medical professionals. [...] On the other hand, salt pregnancy tests rely on a chemical reaction between urine and salt. However, this reaction can be influenced by various factors, such as the concentration of salt, temperature, and impurities in the urine, which can lead to false positive or false negative results. [...] The salt pregnancy test is based on the principle that pregnancy hormones can cause certain reactions when combined with salt. The test involves collecting a urine sample and adding a small amount of salt to it. The reaction between the salt and the hormones in the urine is observed for any changes in color or formation of clumps. | 2024-02-25 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_33_ret_b4_gn | sciencefeedback_33 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-scientific-basis-claim-urine-reaction-salt-confirm-pregnancy/ | The way urine reacts to salt is a test for pregnancy | Social media users | 2024-05-23 | https://shunchild.com/article/what-is-the-salt-method-to-check-for-pregnancy-using | The salt method, also known as the salt pregnancy test, is a popular DIY method for checking if you are pregnant. It is a simple and inexpensive method that supposedly relies on the reaction between urine and salt to determine pregnancy. While this method may seem intriguing, it is important to note that it is not scientifically proven or reliable as a pregnancy test. [...] However, it is crucial to understand that the salt method lacks scientific evidence and is not recognized as a legitimate pregnancy test. The reaction between salt and urine is influenced by various factors such as the concentration of salt, temperature, impurities in the urine, and individual variations. Therefore, the results of this method can be highly subjective and unreliable. [...] The salt method is a DIY pregnancy test that involves mixing urine with salt to observe a reaction. While this method may seem simple and cost-effective, it is important to understand the potential risks and limitations before relying on it as a reliable form of pregnancy testing. | 2024-01-23 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_33_ret_bn_g3 | sciencefeedback_33 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-scientific-basis-claim-urine-reaction-salt-confirm-pregnancy/ | The way urine reacts to salt is a test for pregnancy | Social media users | 2024-05-23 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-scientific-basis-claim-urine-reaction-salt-confirm-pregnancy/ | Home pregnancy test kits detect pregnancy by picking up on the presence of a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in urine. Pregnancy can also be detected at the clinic using a blood test for hCG. The claim that pregnancy can be confirmed by the way salt reacts to urine appears to borrow elements from how home pregnancy test kits work. However, there’s no known mechanism by which salt reacts to the presence of hCG, and thus it isn’t a reliable method for confirming pregnancy. Factually inaccurate: There’s no scientific basis for the claim that the way urine reacts to salt can indicate pregnancy. As such, people shouldn’t rely on this "test" for accurate results. [...] However, this hasn’t stopped some people from promoting dubious tests on social media, such as by claiming that the way urine reacts to salt can confirm pregnancy. This particular claim has circulated on various platforms like Facebook and TikTok for at least the last few years (see examples here and here). More recent iterations of this claim include these TikTok videos—which received hundreds of thousands of views—and this Facebook post. | 2024-05-23 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_333 | sciencefeedback_333 | https://science.feedback.org/review/sea-levels-have-risen-throughout-the-20th-century-contrary-to-claim-in-online-article/ | Scientists were caught 'adjusting' sea level data to create false impression of rising oceans | Vicki Batts, James Delingpole | 2020-02-20 | https://science.feedback.org/review/sea-levels-have-risen-throughout-the-20th-century-contrary-to-claim-in-online-article/ | Global average sea level has risen throughout the 20th century and continues to rise at an accelerating rate. Sea level rise primarily results from glacial ice melting and the expansion of seawater as it warms. Scientists do not arbitrarily adjust sea level data, but instead compare sea level measurements to stable benchmarks to generate accurate estimates of sea level change over time. | 2020-02-20 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_333_ret_b0_gn | sciencefeedback_333 | https://science.feedback.org/review/sea-levels-have-risen-throughout-the-20th-century-contrary-to-claim-in-online-article/ | Scientists were caught 'adjusting' sea level data to create false impression of rising oceans | Vicki Batts, James Delingpole | 2020-02-20 | https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/scientists-caught-tampering-raw-data-exaggerate-sea-level-rise/ | The study, which did not appear to have been copy edited, asserted that scientists had been arbitrarily adjusting historical tide gauge data to inflate estimates of sea level rise. As evidence, the study focused on the routine corrections scientists applied to a single record in Aden, Yemen. [...] Yet, all the methods scientist use to adjust the data generally agree on the same thing, according to the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment: that it is "very likely" that the sea level has been rising by about 1.7 mm per year globally from 1900-2010 -- a rate that is now accelerating. [...] The authors’ main proof that this is the case? Their description of the raw data at Aden, Yemen (which doesn’t show dramatic rise in sea level) and that of the corrected data (which does show a rise in sea level) in a tone suggesting: "we caught you!" They then conclude that the adjustments to the Aden record were arbitrarily "composed to produce a high trend, high acceleration record." (The data they describe are freely available on the PSMSL web site). | 2018-02-27 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_333_ret_b12_gn | sciencefeedback_333 | https://science.feedback.org/review/sea-levels-have-risen-throughout-the-20th-century-contrary-to-claim-in-online-article/ | Scientists were caught 'adjusting' sea level data to create false impression of rising oceans | Vicki Batts, James Delingpole | 2020-02-20 | https://science.nasa.gov/earth/water-on-earth/sea-level-rise-global-warmings-yardstick/ | Global sea levels have been ticking steadily higher by about an eighth of an inch (3.2 millimeters) each year since scientists began measuring them two decades ago. That’s why Carmen Boening, a research scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, was so shocked in 2010 and 2011, when she saw a quarter-inch (five-millimeter) drop in sea level – a sudden reversal of the trend. [...] Scientists will continue learning more about the ocean’s intricacies, correcting assumptions and revising old estimates. But Willis warns against losing sight of the strong global trend toward rising sea levels. | 2014-12-10 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_333_ret_b2_gn | sciencefeedback_333 | https://science.feedback.org/review/sea-levels-have-risen-throughout-the-20th-century-contrary-to-claim-in-online-article/ | Scientists were caught 'adjusting' sea level data to create false impression of rising oceans | Vicki Batts, James Delingpole | 2020-02-20 | https://climatefeedback.org/claimreview/sea-levels-have-risen-throughout-the-20th-century-contrary-to-claim-in-online-article/ | Misleading: The claim that scientists were caught "adjusting" sea level data misrepresents the process scientists use to account for potential errors in historical sea level data. [...] The claim that "scientists were caught ‘adjusting’ sea level data to create false impression of rising oceans" misrepresents approaches used by scientists to account for potential errors in historical sea level data. Instruments used to measure sea level, called tide gauges, may be replaced or moved to new locations over time. To calculate actual changes in sea level despite movements of the tide gauges, sea level data is compared to a stable benchmark at each sampling site. The process of adjusting data based on benchmarks is not arbitrary, as Thomas Frederikse explains in the reviewer comments below. [...] Aden [in Yemen] is one of these records for which levelling data is available[6]. The station shows a clear rise in sea level of about 12 cm since ~1900. Now basically, the authors [of the refuted study] call this full levelling data "arbitrary", come up with some random alternative "adjustments", not backed by any reasonable argument, and voila, their manipulated sea-level data doesn’t show any sea-level rise anymore. Then they infer from their falsified data, based on this and two other records that global sea level is stable. Sea-level reconstructions, which typically include hundreds of tide-gauge records, unanimously show that sea level has risen by 15 to 25 cm since 1900. | 2020-02-22 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_333_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_333 | https://science.feedback.org/review/sea-levels-have-risen-throughout-the-20th-century-contrary-to-claim-in-online-article/ | Scientists were caught 'adjusting' sea level data to create false impression of rising oceans | Vicki Batts, James Delingpole | 2020-02-20 | https://science.feedback.org/review/sea-levels-have-risen-throughout-the-20th-century-contrary-to-claim-in-online-article/ | Global average sea level has risen throughout the 20th century and continues to rise at an accelerating rate. Sea level rise primarily results from glacial ice melting and the expansion of seawater as it warms. Scientists do not arbitrarily adjust sea level data, but instead compare sea level measurements to stable benchmarks to generate accurate estimates of sea level change over time. [...] Misleading: The claim that scientists were caught "adjusting" sea level data misrepresents the process scientists use to account for potential errors in historical sea level data. [...] The claim that "scientists were caught ‘adjusting’ sea level data to create false impression of rising oceans" misrepresents approaches used by scientists to account for potential errors in historical sea level data. Instruments used to measure sea level, called tide gauges, may be replaced or moved to new locations over time. To calculate actual changes in sea level despite movements of the tide gauges, sea level data is compared to a stable benchmark at each sampling site. The process of adjusting data based on benchmarks is not arbitrary, as Thomas Frederikse explains in the reviewer comments below. | 2020-02-20 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_337 | sciencefeedback_337 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-sun-cannot-explain-recent-global-warming-contrary-to-what-heartland-institute-report-claims/ | Solar forcings are not too small to explain twentieth century warming. In fact, their effect could be equal to or greater than the effect of CO2 in the atmosphere. | Craig Idso, Robert Carter, S. Fred Singer | 2017-03-05 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-sun-cannot-explain-recent-global-warming-contrary-to-what-heartland-institute-report-claims/ | The warming influence of CO2 has been much greater than that of the Sun over the past century, and the pattern of observed climate change cannot be explained by solar forcing. | 2017-03-05 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_337_ret_b11_gn | sciencefeedback_337 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-sun-cannot-explain-recent-global-warming-contrary-to-what-heartland-institute-report-claims/ | Solar forcings are not too small to explain twentieth century warming. In fact, their effect could be equal to or greater than the effect of CO2 in the atmosphere. | Craig Idso, Robert Carter, S. Fred Singer | 2017-03-05 | https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/16/3/1520-0442_2003_016_0426_saggfa_2.0.co_2.xml | To see the effects of the model response to solar forcing compared to GHG + sulfate, the difference of solar + GHG + sulfate minus GHG + sulfate (solar residual) is shown in Fig. 3c. The increased global-mean warming arising from solar forcing (Fig. 1b) is manifest most markedly at high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere associated with ice-albedo feedback, with maximum values of about +0.7°C north of 65°N in the late 1940s. Contributions in the Tropics and at high southern latitudes are about +0.1°–+0.2°C. The contribution of the solar forcing to the late twentieth-century warming is again most notable at high northern latitudes between 1985 and 1995 with values of about +0.3°C north of 70°N. The high-latitude warming associated with ice-albedo feedback was noted in the earlier studies with increased solar forcing (e.g., Wetherald and Manabe 1975). Though the impact of sulfate aerosols is greatest in the northern midlatitudes where the emissions are largest (e.g., Kiehl and Briegleb 1993; Meehl et al. 1996), warming is only slightly decreased there in Fig. 3b. The effects of the well-mixed ocean and the consequently large thermal inertia inhibit high-latitude warming in the circumpolar southern regions (e.g., Cubasch et al. 2001). | 2003-02-01 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_337_ret_b14_gn | sciencefeedback_337 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-sun-cannot-explain-recent-global-warming-contrary-to-what-heartland-institute-report-claims/ | Solar forcings are not too small to explain twentieth century warming. In fact, their effect could be equal to or greater than the effect of CO2 in the atmosphere. | Craig Idso, Robert Carter, S. Fred Singer | 2017-03-05 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_activity_and_climate | Benestad and Schmidt[45] concluded that "the most likely contribution from solar forcing a global warming is 7 ± 1% for the 20th century and is negligible for warming since 1980." This paper disagreed with Scafetta and West,[46] who claimed that solar variability has a significant effect on climate forcing. Based on correlations between specific climate and solar forcing reconstructions, they argued that a "realistic climate scenario is the one described by a large preindustrial secular variability (e.g., the paleoclimate temperature reconstruction by Moberg et al.)[47] with TSI experiencing low secular variability (as the one shown by Wang et al.).[48] Under this scenario, they claimed the Sun might have contributed 50% of the observed global warming since 1900.[49] Stott et al. estimated that the residual effects of the prolonged high solar activity during the last 30 years account for between 16% and 36% of warming from 1950 to 1999.[50] [...] the most likely contribution from solar forcing a global warming is 7 ± 1% for the 20th century and is negligible for warming since 1980. | 2024-05-09 | False | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
sciencefeedback_337_ret_bn_g2 | sciencefeedback_337 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-sun-cannot-explain-recent-global-warming-contrary-to-what-heartland-institute-report-claims/ | Solar forcings are not too small to explain twentieth century warming. In fact, their effect could be equal to or greater than the effect of CO2 in the atmosphere. | Craig Idso, Robert Carter, S. Fred Singer | 2017-03-05 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-sun-cannot-explain-recent-global-warming-contrary-to-what-heartland-institute-report-claims/ | Factually Inaccurate: No estimate of 20th century climate forcings (warming or cooling influences) shows the solar forcing to be close to the effect of increased CO2. [...] There is strong evidence that solar forcing cannot explain much of the observed warming at all. The "fingerprint" of solar forcing does not match the observed changes at all, neither over time nor space. Solar forcing would warm both the stratosphere and the surface of the Earth, whereas CO2 warms the surface (and the troposphere) but cools the stratosphere. Using radiosondes and (more recently) satellites, we have observed a warming surface and troposphere together with a cooling stratosphere. See Santer et al (2013)* for one of many studies providing this evidence. [...] Solar forcing is much smaller than CO2 forcing. As this figure from the latest IPCC report shows, CO2 radiative forcing (1.68 W/m2) dwarfs solar forcing (0.05 W/m2). Along with other greenhouse gases, CO2 dominates the total radiative forcing when all positive and negative factors are taken into account. | 2017-05-03 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_338 | sciencefeedback_338 | https://science.feedback.org/review/folk-remedy-placing-raw-onions-feet-to-cure-illness-lacks-scientific-evidence/ | Placing raw onion on the bottom of the feet eliminates illness | Social Media Users | 2023-12-27 | https://science.feedback.org/review/folk-remedy-placing-raw-onions-feet-to-cure-illness-lacks-scientific-evidence/ | Onions contain nutrients like vitamins and antioxidants, which can provide health benefits when eaten. Rigorous scientific studies are necessary to determine whether foods or practices possess curative properties. There is no known scientific evidence to support the practice of placing raw onions on or against the body to cure viral infections. | 2023-12-27 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_338_ret_b5_gn | sciencefeedback_338 | https://science.feedback.org/review/folk-remedy-placing-raw-onions-feet-to-cure-illness-lacks-scientific-evidence/ | Placing raw onion on the bottom of the feet eliminates illness | Social Media Users | 2023-12-27 | https://www.logicallyfacts.com/en/fact-check/false-no-medical-evidence-that-placing-raw-onion-on-the-soles-of-the-feet-cures-cold-and-cough | A video circulating on Facebook is spreading unproven claims about the supposed benefits of raw onions. In the video, Barbara O'Neill, an Australian naturopath and health lecturer, suggests placing raw onions on the soles of the feet to treat illnesses like colds and coughs. [...] Claims that placing onions on the soles of the feet can effectively alleviate cold or cough symptoms due to larger pores in that area are not supported by scientific evidence and consequently not endorsed by medical professionals. [...] There is no medical evidence to support the claim that placing raw onions on the soles of the feet can specifically target the chest or alleviate congestion. This claim is a myth and is a common folk remedy that lacks scientific credibility. | 2023-04-24 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_338_ret_bn_g10 | sciencefeedback_338 | https://science.feedback.org/review/folk-remedy-placing-raw-onions-feet-to-cure-illness-lacks-scientific-evidence/ | Placing raw onion on the bottom of the feet eliminates illness | Social Media Users | 2023-12-27 | https://www.footfiles.com/wellness/naturopathy/article/myth-buster-can-placing-raw-onion-on-your-feet-heal-illnesses | Myth Buster Can Placing Raw Onions In Socks Really Cure Illnesses? Or Is The Method A Myth? [...] They say you can do anything with an onion: Sauté ‘em, bake ‘em, fry ‘em, you name it. And believe it or not, millions of people believe placing onions in socks even has the power to cleanse toxins from the bloodstream and ward off illnesses like fever, colds and the flu. But where would they get this idea? And does the age-old method of placing onions on your feet to cure infections actually work? Considering thousands of people search for the onions in socks cure each month, we decided to find out. [...] Nowadays, the supposed healing power of onions is being thought of in an entirely different way than in the 1500s. The growing popularity of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has many believing that the body is made up of meridians, which are pathways from certain access points on the body to your internal organs. It is believed that slicing an onion and securing the slices to the bottom of the feet via a pair of socks can open up the numerous meridians located on the bottom of each foot, allowing the onion to draw out toxins, bacteria and sickness from the body, as well as purify the blood in the bloodstream and eliminate foot odor. The theory that onions soak up germs has become so persuasive, many believers are afraid to eat leftover onions used during cooking because they are thought to absorb bacteria and viruses in the surrounding environment and become toxic to ingest. | 2016-08-07 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_340_ret_b1_gn | sciencefeedback_340 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claims-of-a-coming-30-year-mini-ice-age-are-not-supported-by-science-the-sun/ | Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ | Harry Pettit, Sean Martin | 2020-02-02 | https://www.wired.com/story/mini-ice-age-earth-sunspots/ | A mini ice age could hit the Earth in the 2030s, the first such event to occur since the early 1700s. New mathematical models of the Sun's solar cycle developed at Northumbria University suggest solar activity will see a "significant" drop, causing temperatures on Earth to plummet. The last mini ice age occurred between 1645 and 1715 and caused temperatures in northern Europe to fall dramatically, with London's River Thames freezing over during winter and sea ice extending for miles around the UK. The prolonged cold snap, known as the Maunder Minimum, has been linked to a reduction in the number of sunspots, as observed by scientists at the time. | 2015-07-13 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_340_ret_b8_gn | sciencefeedback_340 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claims-of-a-coming-30-year-mini-ice-age-are-not-supported-by-science-the-sun/ | Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ | Harry Pettit, Sean Martin | 2020-02-02 | https://www.earth.com/news/mini-ice-age/ | During the winter months, colder weather typically doesn’t phase residents of the midwest or northeast United States. But things may get chillier in the coming years as scientists are predicting a mini-ice age with temperatures dropping in 2021, all thanks to the sun’s solar cycle. [...] The models show that two of the sun’s magnetic waves will decrease and become out of sync starting in 2021. As a result, the solar cycles will end up canceling each other out, sending the world into a mini-ice age that will last 33 years. [...] "I hope global warming will be overridden by this effect, giving humankind and the Earth 30 years to sort out our pollution," Zharkova told Sky News. "We have to be sorted by that time and prepare everything on Earth for the next big solar activity," she said. | 2017-12-29 | False | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_340_ret_bn_g16 | sciencefeedback_340 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claims-of-a-coming-30-year-mini-ice-age-are-not-supported-by-science-the-sun/ | Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ | Harry Pettit, Sean Martin | 2020-02-02 | https://wgoqatar.com/2020/02/earth-is-about-to-enter-a-30-year-mini-ice-age/ | Earth Is About To Enter A 30-Year ‘Mini Ice Age الأرض ستدخل عصرا جليديا مصغرا لمدة 30 عاما Earth is bracing for a solar minimum: a dormant period in which the Sun radiates less energy or heat at our planet than usual. Scientists have warned that as a result of the Sun’s inactivity, Earth is likely to witness a ‘mini ice age’ that could bring extreme winters and chilly cold storms over the next 30 years. According to NASA, the Sun will reach its lowest activity in over 200 years in 2020. As it further goes into its natural hibernation phase, Earth will experience extremely cold spells which will trigger food shortages across the planet. The average temperatures could drop as much as one degree Celsius in a period lasting about 12 months. That might not sound a lot but a whole degree fall would have a significant impact on global average temperatures. | 2020-02-05 | False | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_340_ret_bn_g3 | sciencefeedback_340 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claims-of-a-coming-30-year-mini-ice-age-are-not-supported-by-science-the-sun/ | Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’ | Harry Pettit, Sean Martin | 2020-02-02 | https://www.thesun.co.uk/tech/science/10864950/mini-ice-age-earth-weather/ | Claim that Earth will enter ‘mini Ice Age’ for 30 years is wrong, top scientists reveal A SCARY claim that Earth is about to enter a "Mini Ice Age" for 30 years is probably wrong, according to top scientists. [...] Professor Zharkova, who is a controversial figure in the scientific community, claimed: "We can only hope that the mini ice age will not be as severe as it was during the Maunder Minimum. | 2020-02-10 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_341_ret_b0_gn | sciencefeedback_341 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-scientific-evidence-for-claim-nattokinase-treat-long-covid-detox-covid19-vaccines/ | “Dissolution of Spike Protein by Nattokinase: Holy Grail of COVID-19 Vaccine Detoxification”; long COVID is caused by persistent spike protein in the body | Peter McCullough, Ben Lynch | 2023-03-24 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36080170/ | Degradative Effect of Nattokinase on Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 - PMID: 36080170 - PMCID: PMC9458005 - DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175405 Degradative Effect of Nattokinase on Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged as a pandemic and has inflicted enormous damage on the lives of the people and economy of many countries worldwide. However, therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear. SARS-CoV-2 has a spike protein (S protein), and cleavage of the S protein is essential for viral entry. Nattokinase is produced by Bacillus subtilis var. natto and is beneficial to human health. In this study, we examined the effect of nattokinase on the S protein of SARS-CoV-2. When cell lysates transfected with S protein were incubated with nattokinase, the S protein was degraded in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that S protein on the cell surface was degraded when nattokinase was added to the culture medium. Thus, our findings suggest that nattokinase exhibits potential for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection via S protein degradation. | 2022-08-24 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_341_ret_bn_g5 | sciencefeedback_341 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-scientific-evidence-for-claim-nattokinase-treat-long-covid-detox-covid19-vaccines/ | “Dissolution of Spike Protein by Nattokinase: Holy Grail of COVID-19 Vaccine Detoxification”; long COVID is caused by persistent spike protein in the body | Peter McCullough, Ben Lynch | 2023-03-24 | https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/base-spike-detox-and-signature-spike-support-formulas-nattokinase-quackery-to-treat-covid-19-and-covid-19-vaccine-injury/ | Seeing a claim like this leads me to point out some things. First, the amount of spike protein that gets into the bloodstream as a result of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines made by Pfizer and Moderna is infinitesimally small, definitely smaller than the amount of spike protein one gets from an—oh, you know—actually infection with SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. Second—and I know I’m repeating myself from above, but bear with me—antivaxxers have been recommending "detoxification" to treat "vaccine injury" or "vaccine toxicity" since long before I ever first took notice of the antivaccine movement which was well over two decades ago. Nattokinase, as you will see, is just the latest wrinkle in this old narrative. [...] So what evidence do doctors like Dr. McCullough cite when recommending nattokinase? They always have some evidence to cite, but is it in any way convincing? In an earlier Substack post from February, Dr. McCullough was touting the Dissolution of Spike Protein by Nattokinase, which he called the "Holy Grail of COVID-19 vaccine detoxification," handwaving an "explanation" of why the vaccine-induced spike protein is so much more nasty than the much huger amounts of spike protein produced by an actual infection: | 2024-01-07 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_342 | sciencefeedback_342 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-current-climate-change-explained-natural-cycles-volcanic-activity-does-not-have-scientific-support/ | The cyclical activity of the Sun as well as other variations in solar and earth activity, and NOT anthropogenic CO2 emissions, are responsible for climate change | Social media user | 2023-09-18 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-current-climate-change-explained-natural-cycles-volcanic-activity-does-not-have-scientific-support/ | Solar energy output does change slightly over short-term as well as long-term cycles. However, the expected effects due to these natural cycles are far below the threshold that could account for current climate change. | 2023-09-18 | False | true | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_342_ret_b10_gn | sciencefeedback_342 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-current-climate-change-explained-natural-cycles-volcanic-activity-does-not-have-scientific-support/ | The cyclical activity of the Sun as well as other variations in solar and earth activity, and NOT anthropogenic CO2 emissions, are responsible for climate change | Social media user | 2023-09-18 | https://www.nature.com/articles/246453a0.pdf | Planetary Alignments, Solar Activity and Climatic Change [...] Historical data suggest a relation between the changing level of solar activity and climatic change on Earth. Since there is also evidence that the solar cycle of activity is influenced by the alignments of the planets, through tidal interactions with the Sun, it seems that climatic change might be predicted by studying these alignments. [...] Recent cyclic changes in climate and in abundance of marine life | 2020-05-08 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_342_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_342 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-current-climate-change-explained-natural-cycles-volcanic-activity-does-not-have-scientific-support/ | The cyclical activity of the Sun as well as other variations in solar and earth activity, and NOT anthropogenic CO2 emissions, are responsible for climate change | Social media user | 2023-09-18 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-current-climate-change-explained-natural-cycles-volcanic-activity-does-not-have-scientific-support/ | In his post, Monotti does not specifically state how the cyclical activity of the Sun as well as other factors can cause climate change, but he implies that variation in solar activity and in the Sun’s orbit relative to other celestial bodies, and changes in the Earth’s orbit are sufficient to explain ongoing climate change without recourse to greenhouse gas emissions and human activity. However, there is no evidence that any of these factors can explain the magnitude of the change in the earth’s climate that we are currently experiencing[2]. | 2023-09-18 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_342_ret_bn_g7 | sciencefeedback_342 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-current-climate-change-explained-natural-cycles-volcanic-activity-does-not-have-scientific-support/ | The cyclical activity of the Sun as well as other variations in solar and earth activity, and NOT anthropogenic CO2 emissions, are responsible for climate change | Social media user | 2023-09-18 | https://history.aip.org/climate/solar.htm | Since it is the Sun's energy that drives the weather system, scientists naturally wondered whether they might connect climate changes with solar variations. Yet the Sun seemed to be stable over the timescale of human civilization. Attempts to discover cyclic variations in weather and connect them with the 11-year sunspot cycle, or other possible solar cycles ranging up to a few centuries long, gave results that were ambiguous at best. These attempts got a well-deserved bad reputation. Jack Eddy overcame this with a 1976 study that demonstrated that irregular variations in solar surface activity, a few centuries long, were connected with major climate shifts. The mechanism was uncertain, but plausible candidates emerged. The next crucial question was whether a rise in the Sun's activity could explain the global warming seen in the 20th century? By the 1990s, there was a tentative answer: minor solar variations could indeed have been partly responsible for some past fluctuations... but future warming from the rise in greenhouse gases far outweighed any solar effects.(1) | 2024-01-01 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_342_ret_bn_g9 | sciencefeedback_342 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-current-climate-change-explained-natural-cycles-volcanic-activity-does-not-have-scientific-support/ | The cyclical activity of the Sun as well as other variations in solar and earth activity, and NOT anthropogenic CO2 emissions, are responsible for climate change | Social media user | 2023-09-18 | https://climatechange.procon.org/ | Overwhelming scientific consensus finds human activity primarily responsible for climate change. [...] The amount of solar energy received by the earth goes up and down in cycles, but overall there is no net change since the 1950s. There has, however, been a big increase in global temperatures that is too large to attribute to the sun. For this reason, NASA and other scientists say the sun is not responsible for global warming. [28] The sun has had only a minor effect on the Northern Hemisphere climate over the past 1,000 years, and global warming from human-produced greenhouse gases has been the primary cause of climate change since 1900. [26] A study found that solar activity could not have contributed to more than 10% of the observed global warming over the 20th century. [27] [...] A study published in Energy & Environment wrote, "variations in solar activity and not the burning of fossil fuels are the direct cause of the observed multiyear variations in climatic responses." [69] In a study by Willie Soon, PhD, Physicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, a strong correlation between solar radiation and temperatures in the Arctic over the past 130 years was identified. [70] | 2023-06-23 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_343 | sciencefeedback_343 | https://science.feedback.org/review/popular-facebook-meme-misleadingly-suggests-that-the-measles-vaccine-caused-2019-samoa-measles-outbreak/ | Measles vaccine caused Samoa measles outbreak | Anonymous | 2019-12-07 | https://science.feedback.org/review/popular-facebook-meme-misleadingly-suggests-that-the-measles-vaccine-caused-2019-samoa-measles-outbreak/ | The measles vaccine is made with a live but weakened form of the measles virus, which is incapable of causing infection in healthy people. And although the vaccine can sometimes cause a mild symptomatic infection in immunocompromised individuals, such cases create no risk of a measles outbreak in the rest of the community. | 2019-12-07 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_343_ret_b14_gn | sciencefeedback_343 | https://science.feedback.org/review/popular-facebook-meme-misleadingly-suggests-that-the-measles-vaccine-caused-2019-samoa-measles-outbreak/ | Measles vaccine caused Samoa measles outbreak | Anonymous | 2019-12-07 | https://www.bmj.com/content/367/bmj.l6767 | Measles: Samoa declares emergency as cases continue to spike worldwide [...] Samoa is fighting a "huge outbreak" of measles, the World Health Organization has said, a year after a vaccine scare resulted in a collapse of immunisation rates. So far 42 people have died from measles, almost all young children, and 3149 cases have been reported on the six islands that make up the Pacific nation, inhabited by about 200 000 people. Every day about 200 people with suspected cases arrive at hospital, said Ian Norton of WHO’s emergency medical unit, speaking to reporters from Geneva. The main hospital in the capital, Apia, which normally has four beds in its intensive care ward, currently has 14 children on ventilators, he said. | 2019-11-29 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_343_ret_bn_g12 | sciencefeedback_343 | https://science.feedback.org/review/popular-facebook-meme-misleadingly-suggests-that-the-measles-vaccine-caused-2019-samoa-measles-outbreak/ | Measles vaccine caused Samoa measles outbreak | Anonymous | 2019-12-07 | https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2019/11/26/deadly-measles-outbreak-hits-children-samoa-after-anti-vaccine-fears/ | Kennedy’s charity shared a Nov. 19 letter he wrote to Samoan Prime Minister Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi, in which Kennedy encouraged officials to examine the MMR vaccine. "To safeguard public health during the current infection and in the future, it is critical that the Samoan Health Ministry determine, scientifically, if the outbreak was caused by inadequate vaccine coverage or alternatively, by a defective vaccine," he wrote. [...] The World Health Organization estimated that in 2018, only 31 percent of infants in Samoa received the measles vaccine, a drop from 60 to 70 percent in previous years. The WHO attributed the extremely low rate in part to a public health scandal: Last year, two infants in Samoa died within hours of receiving the MMR vaccine. The country temporarily halted its vaccine program, but the vaccine did not cause the deaths. Two nurses improperly mixed the vaccines with a liquid muscle relaxant instead of water. The pair were sentenced to five years in prison for manslaughter. [...] Several countries, including Australia and New Zealand, which is contending with its own measles outbreak, have sent nurses and vaccines to Samoa. By mid-November, the United Nations Children’s Fund delivered 110,500 doses of measles vaccine. | 2019-11-26 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_349 | sciencefeedback_349 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-causal-association-between-the-dtap-vaccine-and-sudden-infant-death-syndrome-sids/ | The DTaP vaccine causes SIDS | Dawn Lorenz | 2020-07-02 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-causal-association-between-the-dtap-vaccine-and-sudden-infant-death-syndrome-sids/ | Although cases of SIDS have occurred after the DTaP vaccine, there is no evidence to support the claim that the DTaP vaccine has caused these cases. Studies show that DTaP vaccines, and vaccination in general, are not associated with an increased risk of SIDS. | 2020-07-02 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_349_ret_bn_g11 | sciencefeedback_349 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-causal-association-between-the-dtap-vaccine-and-sudden-infant-death-syndrome-sids/ | The DTaP vaccine causes SIDS | Dawn Lorenz | 2020-07-02 | https://science.feedback.org/review/dtap-vaccine-isnt-associated-sudden-infant-death-syndrome-whooping-cough-vaccine-historic-decline-cases/ | Factually inaccurate: Studies have found no association between the DTaP vaccine and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Childhood vaccination isn’t a risk factor for SIDS. [...] Well-child visits are scheduled screenings and assessments for healthy children. They are also when childhood vaccines are normally given. The juxtaposition of the case report and the problem of SIDS, implicitly suggested that the DTaP vaccine causes SIDS. SIDS is the sudden death of a baby before one year of age that doesn’t have a known cause, despite a full investigation. However, scientific studies have found no association between SIDS and the DTaP vaccine[2-4]. There are various risk factors for SIDS, such as an underlying but undetected medical condition and placing a baby to sleep on their stomach. But childhood vaccination isn’t one of them. | 2024-03-07 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_349_ret_bn_g13 | sciencefeedback_349 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-causal-association-between-the-dtap-vaccine-and-sudden-infant-death-syndrome-sids/ | The DTaP vaccine causes SIDS | Dawn Lorenz | 2020-07-02 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-causal-association-between-the-dtap-vaccine-and-sudden-infant-death-syndrome-sids/ | No causal association between the DTaP vaccine and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) Although cases of SIDS have occurred after the DTaP vaccine, there is no evidence to support the claim that the DTaP vaccine has caused these cases. Studies show that DTaP vaccines, and vaccination in general, are not associated with an increased risk of SIDS. Inaccurate: Studies show that the DTaP vaccine is not causally associated with SIDS. SIDS is not listed as a side effect (adverse reaction) to the vaccine. | 2020-02-07 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_35 | sciencefeedback_35 | https://science.feedback.org/review/mesas-buttes-and-similar-landforms-are-created-by-deposition-and-erosion-they-are-not-the-remains-of-ancient-trees/ | Flat-topped landforms, such as buttes and mesas, are the remains of giant ancient trees. Tree features can be seen in Devils Tower, for example – the large hexagonal columns are fibers of a tree that would have been 19,000 feet tall. Other tree features can be seen in buttes and mesas, such as sloped sides and flat tops that look like tree stumps after trees are cut down. | Social media users | 2024-03-04 | https://science.feedback.org/review/mesas-buttes-and-similar-landforms-are-created-by-deposition-and-erosion-they-are-not-the-remains-of-ancient-trees/ | Available scientific evidence shows that plateaus, mesas, buttes, and pinnacles form through geological processes of deposition and erosion. As a more erosion-resistant top layer of rock slows downward erosion, the sides of these landforms preferentially weather and erode away, leaving flat-topped landforms with sloped sides. There is no evidence that these landforms are the remains of ‘ancient trees’. | 2024-03-04 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_35_ret_b18_gn | sciencefeedback_35 | https://science.feedback.org/review/mesas-buttes-and-similar-landforms-are-created-by-deposition-and-erosion-they-are-not-the-remains-of-ancient-trees/ | Flat-topped landforms, such as buttes and mesas, are the remains of giant ancient trees. Tree features can be seen in Devils Tower, for example – the large hexagonal columns are fibers of a tree that would have been 19,000 feet tall. Other tree features can be seen in buttes and mesas, such as sloped sides and flat tops that look like tree stumps after trees are cut down. | Social media users | 2024-03-04 | https://checkyourfact.com/2021/12/17/fact-check-images-stumps-giant-ancient-trees/ | None of the pictures show the remnants of giant trees; instead, they depict various rock formations around the world. [...] None of the pictures show the stumps of ancient giant trees, reverse image searches revealed. (RELATED: Did Scientists Discover Devils Tower Was Originally A Giant Tree?) [...] Check Your Fact previously debunked a viral social media post falsely claiming scientists had discovered the Devils Tower rock formation was originally a giant tree. | 2021-12-17 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_35_ret_b1_g0 | sciencefeedback_35 | https://science.feedback.org/review/mesas-buttes-and-similar-landforms-are-created-by-deposition-and-erosion-they-are-not-the-remains-of-ancient-trees/ | Flat-topped landforms, such as buttes and mesas, are the remains of giant ancient trees. Tree features can be seen in Devils Tower, for example – the large hexagonal columns are fibers of a tree that would have been 19,000 feet tall. Other tree features can be seen in buttes and mesas, such as sloped sides and flat tops that look like tree stumps after trees are cut down. | Social media users | 2024-03-04 | https://science.feedback.org/review/mesas-buttes-and-similar-landforms-are-created-by-deposition-and-erosion-they-are-not-the-remains-of-ancient-trees/ | The videos linked above claim that certain landforms (e.g., buttes and mesas) are remnants of giant ancient trees. However, as we will detail below, this is incorrect because it is inconsistent with over a century of evidence from geological research. Through this research, geologists determined that certain rock types are more resistant to weathering and erosion than others. When exposed to natural elements – such as wind, rain, and heat – certain rocks are more resistant to decomposition (i.e., weathering) and displacement (i.e., erosion). As a result, some rocks more quickly break down and are transported away by wind, water, and gravity, while others remain in place longer. This process is key to the shaping of many landforms – including plateaus, mesas, buttes, and pinnacles, shown in Figure 1 below. | 2024-05-22 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_35_ret_b6_gn | sciencefeedback_35 | https://science.feedback.org/review/mesas-buttes-and-similar-landforms-are-created-by-deposition-and-erosion-they-are-not-the-remains-of-ancient-trees/ | Flat-topped landforms, such as buttes and mesas, are the remains of giant ancient trees. Tree features can be seen in Devils Tower, for example – the large hexagonal columns are fibers of a tree that would have been 19,000 feet tall. Other tree features can be seen in buttes and mesas, such as sloped sides and flat tops that look like tree stumps after trees are cut down. | Social media users | 2024-03-04 | https://www.nps.gov/subjects/geology/arid-landforms.htm | Mesas are broad flat topped mountains with at least one steep side. Buttes are smaller flat topped mountains or hills with steep slopes on all sides. [...] Depositional Features and Landforms [...] Park Landforms and Features | 2013-09-04 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_35_ret_bn_g18 | sciencefeedback_35 | https://science.feedback.org/review/mesas-buttes-and-similar-landforms-are-created-by-deposition-and-erosion-they-are-not-the-remains-of-ancient-trees/ | Flat-topped landforms, such as buttes and mesas, are the remains of giant ancient trees. Tree features can be seen in Devils Tower, for example – the large hexagonal columns are fibers of a tree that would have been 19,000 feet tall. Other tree features can be seen in buttes and mesas, such as sloped sides and flat tops that look like tree stumps after trees are cut down. | Social media users | 2024-03-04 | https://epdf.pub/the-hutchinson-encyclopedia-of-science-helicon-science.html | Meitner, Lise meitnerium melaleuca tree melamine melanin melanism melanoma melon meltdown melting point membrane memory (computing) memory (psychology) menagerie Mendel, Gregor Johann mendelevium Mendeleyev, Dmitri Ivanovich Mendelism menhaden menhir Ménière's disease meningitis meningococcus meniscus meniscus (biology) menopause menstrual cycle mental disability mental illness menu Mercalli scale Mercator, Gerardus merchant navy Mercury (astronomy) mercury mercury fulminate Mercury project merganser meridian merino meristem merlin MERLIN array mermaid's purse mesa mescaline Mesmer, Friedrich Anton (or Franz) mesmerism mesoglea Mesolithic meson mesophyll mesosphere Mesozoic messaging Messerschmitt, Willy (Wilhelm Emil) Messier, Charles Messier catalogue metabolism metal metal detector metal fatigue metallic bond metallic character metallic glass metallographic examination metalloid metallurgy metamorphic rock metamorphism metamorphosis (biology) metazoa Metchnikoff, Elie meteor meteor-burst communications meteorite meteorology meter methanal methane methanogenic bacteria methanoic acid methanol methionine methyl alcohol methylated spirit methyl benzene methyl orange metre (science) metric system metric ton mg MHD mho mi mica Michaelmas daisy Michelson, Albert Abraham MICR micromicrobe microbiology microchip microclimate microcomputer microfiche microform micrometer (instrument) micrometre micro-organism microphone microprocessor micropropagation micropyle microscope microsurgery microtubules microwave heating microwave radiation Mid-Atlantic Ridge midge MIDI midnight sun mid-ocean ridge midwifery mifepristone mignonette migraine migration Milankovitch hypothesis mildew mile milfoil milk milking machine milk teeth Milky Way Millennium [...] butte steep-sided, flat-topped hill, formed in horizontally layered sedimentary rocks, largely in arid areas. A large butte with a pronounced tablelike profile is a mesa. Buttes and mesas are characteristic of semi-arid areas where remnants of resistant rock layers protect softer rock underneath, as in the plateau regions of Colorado, Utah, and Arizona, USA. [...] W 74 183.85 19.1 2,900–3,000 | 2018-06-29 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_352 | sciencefeedback_352 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid-19-vaccines-dont-cause-miscarriages-or-stillbirths-contrary-to-misleading-interpretations-of-vaers-data/ | COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths | Instagram Users | 2023-03-23 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid-19-vaccines-dont-cause-miscarriages-or-stillbirths-contrary-to-misleading-interpretations-of-vaers-data/ | Scientific studies showed that COVID-19 vaccines don’t cause miscarriage or stillbirths. Pharmacosurveillance monitoring databases such as VAERS cannot be used alone to establish a causal association between vaccination and any medical condition. Public health agencies and medical associations recommend pregnant women to get vaccinated against COVID-19. | 2023-03-23 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_352_ret_bn_g12 | sciencefeedback_352 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid-19-vaccines-dont-cause-miscarriages-or-stillbirths-contrary-to-misleading-interpretations-of-vaers-data/ | COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths | Instagram Users | 2023-03-23 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid-19-vaccines-dont-cause-miscarriages-or-stillbirths-contrary-to-misleading-interpretations-of-vaers-data/ | COVID-19 vaccines don’t cause miscarriages or stillbirths contrary to misleading interpretations of VAERS data Scientific studies showed that COVID-19 vaccines don’t cause miscarriage or stillbirths. Pharmacosurveillance monitoring databases such as VAERS cannot be used alone to establish a causal association between vaccination and any medical condition. Public health agencies and medical associations recommend pregnant women to get vaccinated against COVID-19. [...] In conclusion, all these studies consistently showed that COVID-19 vaccines don’t cause miscarriages or stillbirths. | 2023-03-30 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_352_ret_bn_g18 | sciencefeedback_352 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid-19-vaccines-dont-cause-miscarriages-or-stillbirths-contrary-to-misleading-interpretations-of-vaers-data/ | COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths | Instagram Users | 2023-03-23 | https://www.rcog.org.uk/guidance/coronavirus-covid-19-pregnancy-and-women-s-health/vaccination/covid-19-vaccines-pregnancy-and-breastfeeding-faqs/ | Available data shows that a pregnant woman who has a COVID-19 vaccine is not at an increased risk of having adverse pregnancy outcomes. Worldwide data, looking at many thousands of people vaccinated in pregnancy, has reported no increased risk of miscarriage, preterm birth or stillbirth following vaccination. Nor does vaccination increase the risk of a small-for-gestational age baby or developing congenital anomalies. One of these studies, from St George’s, University of London, published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (AJOG) on 9 August 2021, compared pregnancy outcomes for women who had received a COVID-19 vaccine and those who had not. The study found there were no significant differences between the two groups, with no increase in stillbirths or premature births, no anomalies with development and no evidence of babies being smaller or bigger. [...] The UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency’s (MHRA) Yellow Card scheme collects and monitors information on safety concerns, such as suspected side-effects or adverse incidents involving medicines and medical devices, including vaccines. They have been analysing reports of miscarriage and stillbirth in pregnant women who have received the COVID-19 vaccines and have not identified any pattern to suggest the COVID-19 vaccines used in the UK, or any reactions to these vaccines, increase the risk of miscarriage or stillbirth. | 2020-01-22 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_352_ret_bn_g5 | sciencefeedback_352 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid-19-vaccines-dont-cause-miscarriages-or-stillbirths-contrary-to-misleading-interpretations-of-vaers-data/ | COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths | Instagram Users | 2023-03-23 | https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/04/04/fact-check-covid-19-vaccines-safe-during-pregnancy-studies-show/11579597002/ | The claim: Posts imply miscarriages and stillbirths drastically increased in 2021 due to COVID-19 vaccines [...] The implied claim here is wrong. The graph is based on data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System that is unverified and cannot determine if a vaccine caused a particular outcome. Scientists say a growing body of evidence shows COVID-19 vaccines do not cause an increased risk of miscarriage or stillbirths. [...] "The totality of evidence from these monitoring systems indicates that COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy is not associated with an increased risk of miscarriage or stillbirth," said Dr. Tom Shimabukuro, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Immunization Safety Office. | 2023-04-04 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_352_ret_bn_g6 | sciencefeedback_352 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid-19-vaccines-dont-cause-miscarriages-or-stillbirths-contrary-to-misleading-interpretations-of-vaers-data/ | COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths | Instagram Users | 2023-03-23 | https://www.factcheck.org/2022/11/scicheck-covid-19-vaccines-reduce-not-increase-risk-of-stillbirth/ | There is no link between COVID-19 vaccination and an increased risk of stillbirth, despite such claims online. In fact, vaccination has been shown in multiple studies to reduce the risk of stillbirth by protecting pregnant people and their babies from the coronavirus. [...] A meta-analysis of 111 studies, which included more than 42,000 pregnant women, found that COVID-19 significantly increased the risk of premature delivery, preeclampsia, neonatal death, maternal death and stillbirth. The risk of stillbirth among those with COVID-19 was nearly 2.4 times higher than for women without COVID-19. [...] Given that COVID-19 increases the risk of stillbirth, it’s reasonable to think there might have been an increase in stillbirth rates over the past couple of years. The most recent national data only go up to 2020, and the rate of 5.74 deaths per 1,000 births was not significantly different from the rate of 5.70 in 2019. This fact was mentioned by Thorp in the Epoch Times article, although he cherry-picked a comparison with 2018, when the rate was slightly higher. | 2022-11-09 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_353 | sciencefeedback_353 | https://science.feedback.org/review/arctic-sea-ice-melting-over-past-decades-with-projections-summer-ice-free-conditions-mid-century/ | Arctic sea ice is not melting and there is no indication that we should expect the Arctic sea summer ice to disappear completely, as predicted | Allan Astrup Jensen | 2024-02-06 | https://science.feedback.org/review/arctic-sea-ice-melting-over-past-decades-with-projections-summer-ice-free-conditions-mid-century/ | Despite short-term fluctuations due to natural variability, the Arctic sea ice extent and volume has decreased over the past few decades. Scientists have established that this decrease is mostly the result of global warming due to human emissions of greenhouse gasses. | 2024-02-06 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_353_ret_bn_g19 | sciencefeedback_353 | https://science.feedback.org/review/arctic-sea-ice-melting-over-past-decades-with-projections-summer-ice-free-conditions-mid-century/ | Arctic sea ice is not melting and there is no indication that we should expect the Arctic sea summer ice to disappear completely, as predicted | Allan Astrup Jensen | 2024-02-06 | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-38511-8 | The present study conducts an updated detection and attribution analysis of the observed Arctic SIA changes across all months over the 1979–2019 period by comparing three satellite observations with the CMIP6 multi-model simulations. Previous attribution studies were mostly based on sea ice extent which is defined as the total area of all grid cells with at least 15% sea ice concentration and hence is strongly grid dependent1. Here we use SIA which is defined as the actual area covered with sea ice and is more appropriate for comparison with satellite observations than sea ice extent20, having a smaller observed uncertainty than sea ice extent21. The Arctic sea ice has been melting in all months22,23,24 but most previous studies have focused on September when the largest change occurred. Considering all calendar months and utilizing individual forcing simulations, this study finds that the response to GHG increases is detected throughout the year, explaining most of the observed SIA reduction. Further, based on the quantified GHG contribution to the observed Arctic SIA reduction, the future timing of the ice-free Arctic Ocean is projected under the different Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) emission scenarios. [...] Mahlstein, I. & Knutti, R. September Arctic sea ice predicted to disappear near 2°C global warming above present. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.117, D06104 (2012). | 2023-06-06 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_353_ret_bn_g4 | sciencefeedback_353 | https://science.feedback.org/review/arctic-sea-ice-melting-over-past-decades-with-projections-summer-ice-free-conditions-mid-century/ | Arctic sea ice is not melting and there is no indication that we should expect the Arctic sea summer ice to disappear completely, as predicted | Allan Astrup Jensen | 2024-02-06 | https://www.cnn.com/2023/06/06/world/arctic-sea-ice-free-climate-change/index.html | A new study published Tuesday in the journal Nature Communications found Arctic sea ice could disappear completely during the month of September as early as the 2030s. Even if the world makes significant cuts to planet-heating pollution today, the Arctic could still see summers free of sea ice by the 2050s, scientists reported. [...] An Arctic with no summer sea ice would send dire ripple effects around the world. The bright white ice reflects solar energy away from the Earth. When this ice melts, it exposes the darker ocean, which absorbs more heat causing additional warming – a feedback process called "Arctic amplification." [...] "We can regard the Arctic sea ice as the immune system of our body which protects our body from harmful things," Min said. "Without the protector, the Arctic’s condition will go from bad to worse quickly." | 2023-06-06 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_353_ret_bn_g7 | sciencefeedback_353 | https://science.feedback.org/review/arctic-sea-ice-melting-over-past-decades-with-projections-summer-ice-free-conditions-mid-century/ | Arctic sea ice is not melting and there is no indication that we should expect the Arctic sea summer ice to disappear completely, as predicted | Allan Astrup Jensen | 2024-02-06 | https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/future-northern-sea-route-golden-waterway-niche/ | Studies differ widely in their predictions of when summer sea ice will melt completely. Current climate models tend to underestimate the rate of sea ice retreat.10) Prior to the events of 2007, the IPCC forecasted an ice-free Arctic for the latter part of the twenty-first century.11) The panel reported that "the projected reduction [in global sea ice cover] is accelerated in the Arctic, where some models suggest that summer sea ice cover could disappear entirely in the high-emission A2 scenario in the latter part of the 21st century."12) Most studies published since the sea ice collapse of 2007 expect a dramatic reduction of summer ice by the mid-2020s. In an interview with National Geographic, Mark Serreze from the National Snow and ice Data Center (NSIDC) in Boulder, Colorado is on record saying the Arctic’s summer sea ice will fully melt around 2030. Other scientists do not expect the summer ice to survive beyond 2017.13) | 2024-01-12 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_354 | sciencefeedback_354 | https://science.feedback.org/review/conspiracy-theory-deaths-alternative-medicine-practitioners-ignores-evidence-misrepresents-certain-doctors/ | Doctors murdered to protect Big Pharma profits and silence holistic health practitioners | Katryna Benson | 2023-08-23 | https://science.feedback.org/review/conspiracy-theory-deaths-alternative-medicine-practitioners-ignores-evidence-misrepresents-certain-doctors/ | Conspiracy theories alleging that the pharmaceutical industry is targeting alternative medicine practitioners to silence them have proven to be popular and enduring on social media. By extension, these conspiracy theories imply that alternative medicine is more effective than conventional medicine, thus posing a threat to the pharmaceutical industry’s profits. However, claims that practices in alternative medicine provide effective treatments generally lack reliable supporting evidence derived from rigorously conducted research | 2023-08-23 | False | true | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_354_ret_b17_gn | sciencefeedback_354 | https://science.feedback.org/review/conspiracy-theory-deaths-alternative-medicine-practitioners-ignores-evidence-misrepresents-certain-doctors/ | Doctors murdered to protect Big Pharma profits and silence holistic health practitioners | Katryna Benson | 2023-08-23 | https://listverse.com/2017/11/28/10-apparent-victims-of-the-alternative-doctor-conspiracy-murders/ | Of the many conspiracies of the 21st century, one of the most intriguing is the apparent systematic killing of holistic or alternative doctors. The suspected perpetrator? Rather ambiguously, Big Pharma. [...] Although it is no more than speculation (as are many of the holistic doctor murders), Holt had a particular interest in helping people who struggled financially with medical bills and increasingly promoted patients’ well-being and recovery over profit. Several times, he "[worked] with people financially" to ensure that they received the treatments they required.[4] [...] This is a particularly dark and gritty case due to the backstory that soon unfolded. While conspiracy theorists quickly jumped on the case of another alternative doctor murdered "for their willingness to stand up to Big Pharma," it seemed obvious that the leap was misjudged at best in this instance. | 2017-11-28 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_354_ret_b1_gn | sciencefeedback_354 | https://science.feedback.org/review/conspiracy-theory-deaths-alternative-medicine-practitioners-ignores-evidence-misrepresents-certain-doctors/ | Doctors murdered to protect Big Pharma profits and silence holistic health practitioners | Katryna Benson | 2023-08-23 | https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/holistic-doctor-death-conspiracy/ | One of the cases Elizabeth most often refers to in hers series is that of Teresa Sievers. Dr. Sievers was involved in holistic medicine and her murder was complex and mysterious enough to be featured on the CBS program "48 hours." However, the investigation ultimately ended in the arrest of her husband on the suspicion that he paid a man to kill her for a life insurance payout. The case is still working its way through the courts. Another notable case involved the brutal and premeditated killing of a Southern California doctor who combined conventional and holistic medicine, Weidong "Henry" Han. Dr. Han, along with his wife and five year old daughter, were killed by a former business partner for financial gain, as reported by the Associated Press: [...] - Jessica Colker, wife of a holistic doctor (killed by a convicted rapist recently released from jail who later turned himself in) | 2018-03-26 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_354_ret_b2_gn | sciencefeedback_354 | https://science.feedback.org/review/conspiracy-theory-deaths-alternative-medicine-practitioners-ignores-evidence-misrepresents-certain-doctors/ | Doctors murdered to protect Big Pharma profits and silence holistic health practitioners | Katryna Benson | 2023-08-23 | https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/holistic-doctor-big-pharma/ | On 16 July 2017, alternative health blogger Erin Elizabeth reported on her web site Health Nut News that Justine Ruszczyk (who primarily used her fiance's surname, Damond), a 40-year-old Australian woman living in the U.S. who was shot and killed in mid-July 2017 by Minneapolis police, was among a growing list of holistic doctors who had died under suspicious circumstances. That narrative was further twisted by the disreputable conspiracy site YourNewsWire with the headline, "Holistic Doctor, Working Against Big Pharma, Shot Dead By Police." [...] The well-known health and lifestyle coach, who was actively campaigning for people to take control of their lives and reject Big Pharma’s crippling products, joins the long list of holistic doctors and healers who have been killed in suspicious or unsolved circumstances during the past two years. [...] Although questions have been raised in news reports about Noor's and Yanez's training in relations to the deaths of the two Minnesota residents, there is no evidence to suggest that "Big Pharma" somehow influenced the two officers who responded to Damond's 911 call to target her for assassination in an ongoing conspiracy to kill off holistic healers. | 2017-07-24 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_354_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_354 | https://science.feedback.org/review/conspiracy-theory-deaths-alternative-medicine-practitioners-ignores-evidence-misrepresents-certain-doctors/ | Doctors murdered to protect Big Pharma profits and silence holistic health practitioners | Katryna Benson | 2023-08-23 | https://science.feedback.org/review/conspiracy-theory-deaths-alternative-medicine-practitioners-ignores-evidence-misrepresents-certain-doctors/ | Inadequate support: No evidence was provided to show that the doctors’ deaths were motivated by a desire to protect Big Pharma profits or silence holistic health practitioners, as suggested. [...] Benson’s claim isn’t new. Conspiracy theories alleging that doctors who practiced alternative medicine were murdered to protect "Big Pharma" profits can be traced back to at least 2015 and have continued since then, according to multiple fact-checks by Snopes over the years. However, there’s no evidence that the doctors discussed in the news segment were murdered to protect "Big Pharma", and some of the doctors named in the video didn’t practice alternative medicine in the first place. | 2023-08-23 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_355 | sciencefeedback_355 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid-19-vaccines-are-not-expected-to-be-available-for-the-public-before-several-months-contrary-to-viral-claim-on-social-media/ | “The Government has released their initial plans to force a vaccine on everyone”; “Three potential vaccines are currently in Stage 3 trials in the United States and could be ready in weeks” | Mac Slavo | 2020-04-10 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid-19-vaccines-are-not-expected-to-be-available-for-the-public-before-several-months-contrary-to-viral-claim-on-social-media/ | Several COVID-19 vaccines are currently being developed, but it is extremely unlikely that they will be released within three weeks. It is also unlikely that a COVID-19 vaccine will be compulsory for everyone. Even if a COVID-19 vaccine candidate successfully reaches Phase 3 of clinical trials, it must still go through a long process of approval and manufacturing. | 2020-04-10 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_355_ret_b1_gn | sciencefeedback_355 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid-19-vaccines-are-not-expected-to-be-available-for-the-public-before-several-months-contrary-to-viral-claim-on-social-media/ | “The Government has released their initial plans to force a vaccine on everyone”; “Three potential vaccines are currently in Stage 3 trials in the United States and could be ready in weeks” | Mac Slavo | 2020-04-10 | https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/forced-vaccines-covid-19/ | By mid-September 2020, as immunization manufacturers scrambled to develop a viable product, Snopes received numerous inquiries about a new piece of viral content — a Sept. 16 web page titled, The Government Has Released Their Initial Plans to Force a Vaccine on Everyone. It alleged: [...] At the press conference, the Trump administration outlined its plan for getting vaccines to Americans when the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorizes mass distribution. The president said the military was "lined up" to help with the plan's logistics — confirming one aspect of the above-displayed claim — though no one at the event said vaccinations would be forced on people or that citizens would need the shots to leave their homes. After that, we reviewed federal documents with more details about the government's plans. A congressional report said the Department of Health and Human Services was leading vaccine research, while the DOD was partnering with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to distribute the final product. All parties were working to ensure "every American who wants to receive a COVID-19 vaccine can receive one," per the report. Nowhere in the documents did the government say it would force vaccinations on people. | 2020-10-23 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_355_ret_bn_g10 | sciencefeedback_355 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid-19-vaccines-are-not-expected-to-be-available-for-the-public-before-several-months-contrary-to-viral-claim-on-social-media/ | “The Government has released their initial plans to force a vaccine on everyone”; “Three potential vaccines are currently in Stage 3 trials in the United States and could be ready in weeks” | Mac Slavo | 2020-04-10 | https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19/Policy-Responses-to-COVID-19 | The Ministry of Health and its partners have increased their preparedness by building surveillance, testing, quarantine, and health worker capacity. The WHO has delivered protective and medical equipment, including tests and respirators. The Ministry of Health is strengthening the capacity of the medical facilities, and the government is deploying three different vaccines from various sources. [...] An initial Covid-19 vaccine deployment plan put out by the ministry of health targets 30 percent population coverage by mid-2023, with two thirds of the vaccines expected to be provided by GAVI/COVAX and the remainder procured by government. The first phase of deployment, which aims to cover 3 percent of the population by end-June 2021, would focus on frontline health workers. The first batch of the vaccine covering 0.5 percent of the population arrived in the country in early March 2021. A rapid resurgence of infections in March 2021 led to reversal of relaxation measures introduced since mid-2020. On March 26, the authorities reimposed containment measures in Nairobi and four neighboring counties, including a ban on movement in and out of the area; cessation of in-person meetings, worship, and dining; closure of bars; extension of curfew hours and withdrawal of curfew passes; directing employees to work from home; sending the Parliament on recess; and closing schools and universities again (primary and secondary schools had started planned 7-week recess the week before). In the remaining counties, physical participation in places of worship, funerals, and weddings is allowed with restrictions on the number of participants. | 2020-03-20 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_355_ret_bn_g15 | sciencefeedback_355 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid-19-vaccines-are-not-expected-to-be-available-for-the-public-before-several-months-contrary-to-viral-claim-on-social-media/ | “The Government has released their initial plans to force a vaccine on everyone”; “Three potential vaccines are currently in Stage 3 trials in the United States and could be ready in weeks” | Mac Slavo | 2020-04-10 | https://www.health.ny.gov/publications/7004/ | Routine vaccination of the American public against smallpox stopped in 1972 after the disease was eradicated in the United States. Until recently, the U. S. government provided the smallpox vaccine only to a few hundred scientists and medical professionals who work with smallpox and similar viruses in a research setting. After the events of September and October, 2001, however, we have taken extensive actions to improve our level of preparedness against terrorism. For smallpox, this included updating a response plan and ordering enough smallpox vaccine to immunize the American public in the event of a smallpox outbreak. The plans are in place, and there is sufficient vaccine available to immunize everyone who might need it in the event of an emergency. [...] Is it possible to get vaccinia, the virus in the vaccine, from someone who has recently been vaccinated? | 2014-11-07 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_356 | sciencefeedback_356 | https://science.feedback.org/review/health-authorities-encourage-the-general-public-to-wear-face-masks-to-reduce-covid-19-transmission/ | Health authorities like the World Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention discourage people from wearing face masks | Facebook users | 2020-04-08 | https://science.feedback.org/review/health-authorities-encourage-the-general-public-to-wear-face-masks-to-reduce-covid-19-transmission/ | Health authorities like the World Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention now recommend that the public use face masks in shared spaces, like public transportation and grocery stores. This change in guidance occurred after several studies found that infected individuals can transmit COVID-19 even when not showing symptoms. Contrary to many viral claims, face masks do not cause oxygen deficiency or a toxic buildup of carbon dioxide. It is important to remember that cloth face masks, surgical masks, and even N95 respirators do not provide 100% protection from the novel coronavirus and therefore must be combined with other transmission control measures such as physical distancing and good hand hygiene. | 2020-04-08 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_356_ret_b16_gn | sciencefeedback_356 | https://science.feedback.org/review/health-authorities-encourage-the-general-public-to-wear-face-masks-to-reduce-covid-19-transmission/ | Health authorities like the World Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention discourage people from wearing face masks | Facebook users | 2020-04-08 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29155656/ | US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Its Partners' Contributions to Global Health Security - PMID: 29155656 - PMCID: PMC5711315 - DOI: 10.3201/eid2313.170946 [...] To achieve compliance with the revised World Health Organization International Health Regulations (IHR 2005), countries must be able to rapidly prevent, detect, and respond to public health threats. Most nations, however, remain unprepared to manage and control complex health emergencies, whether due to natural disasters, emerging infectious disease outbreaks, or the inadvertent or intentional release of highly pathogenic organisms. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) works with countries and partners to build and strengthen global health security preparedness so they can quickly respond to public health crises. This report highlights selected CDC global health protection platform accomplishments that help mitigate global health threats and build core, cross-cutting capacity to identify and contain disease outbreaks at their source. CDC contributions support country efforts to achieve IHR 2005 compliance, contribute to the international framework for countering infectious disease crises, and enhance health security for Americans and populations around the world. [...] Contributions of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Implementing the Global Health Security Agenda in 17 Partner Countries.Emerg Infect Dis. 2017 Dec;23(13):S15-24. doi: 10.3201/eid2313.170898. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017. PMID: 29155676 Free PMC article. | 2014-11-01 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_356_ret_b9_gn | sciencefeedback_356 | https://science.feedback.org/review/health-authorities-encourage-the-general-public-to-wear-face-masks-to-reduce-covid-19-transmission/ | Health authorities like the World Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention discourage people from wearing face masks | Facebook users | 2020-04-08 | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-the-u-s-pandemic-response-went-wrong-and-what-went-right-during-a-year-of-covid/ | Confusing mask guidance. Although face masks are now widely considered a crucial part of stopping transmission, U.S. and global health authorities were slow to recommend them for public use. Many countries in East and Southeast Asia, including China and Japan, had normalized mask wearing well before the pandemic—in part because of the SARS outbreak in 2002–2003. Unlike the SARS virus, however, scientists now know that SARS-CoV-2 often spreads before a carrier develops symptoms (and possibly even if they never do). In the early weeks and months of the COVID outbreak, the CDC and WHO stated that face masks were not necessary for the general public unless a person was experiencing symptoms or caring for someone who was. The agencies also initially urged people not to buy high-filtration N95 and surgical masks because they were needed for health care workers and were in short supply because of inadequate government stockpiles. Though perhaps well-meaning, the WHO’s and CDC’s guidances sent a mixed message about masks’ effectiveness—and about who deserves protection. The CDC changed course and recommended cloth face coverings in April. The WHO did not do so until June, citing inadequate evidence of their efficacy before then. The CDC did not respond to a request for comment, and the WHO referred Scientific American to press briefings that addressed these issues. In these briefings, experts pointed to a lack of high-quality evidence for mask use. The WHO’s director general also stated that, in the absence of other public health measures, "masks alone will not protect you from COVID-19." | 2024-06-21 | False | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
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