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sciencefeedback_134_ret_b7_gn | sciencefeedback_134 | https://science.feedback.org/review/social-media-i-am-awakened-seasonal-illness-surge-conspiracy-chemicals-food-plandemic/ | The pandemic was planned; respiratory illness surge in New York and China isn’t airborne but due to chlorine and benzene in food and water | Alexander Cole | 2023-12-31 | https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/respiratory-illness-surge-china-not-due-new-virus-cdc-director-tells-c-rcna127459 | WASHINGTON — The "upsurge" in respiratory illness in China is not from "a new or novel pathogen," the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reassured members of Congress on Thursday. [...] Chinese authorities have attributed the uptick to the lifting of many of the strictest pandemic restrictions late last year, with this year marking the first full flu season since the end of the country's "zero-Covid" policies. Such a surge in respiratory illnesses is characteristic of other countries that have lifted strict Covid restrictions, including Australia and New Zealand. | 2023-11-30 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_135 | sciencefeedback_135 | https://science.feedback.org/review/studies-continue-show-covid19-vaccines-dont-harm-fertility/ | New England Journal of Medicine “proves” 80% miscarriage rate among vaccinated women; COVID-19 vaccines harm men’s and women’s fertility | Christiane Northrup | 2023-09-20 | https://science.feedback.org/review/studies-continue-show-covid19-vaccines-dont-harm-fertility/ | Misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines harming fertility is a widespread myth that has damaged public trust in the vaccines. While the original vaccine clinical trials didn’t evaluate the effects of COVID-19 vaccines on fertility, scientific studies and safety surveillance data later on have shown that COVID-19 vaccines are safe for pregnant women and don’t cause pregnancy or fertility problems. COVID-19 itself is associated with an increased risk of pregnancy complications, which vaccination can help prevent. | 2023-09-20 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_135_ret_b3_gn | sciencefeedback_135 | https://science.feedback.org/review/studies-continue-show-covid19-vaccines-dont-harm-fertility/ | New England Journal of Medicine “proves” 80% miscarriage rate among vaccinated women; COVID-19 vaccines harm men’s and women’s fertility | Christiane Northrup | 2023-09-20 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/studies-continue-show-covid19-vaccines-dont-harm-fertility/ | FULL CLAIM: New England Journal of Medicine "proves" 80% miscarriage rate among vaccinated women; Many women "will never be able to get pregnant because they had that shot"; "The sperm of inoculated men does not swim. The eggs of inoculated women do not grow into embryos" [...] Northrup’s speech supposedly provided evidence that COVID-19 vaccines harm fertility, particularly in women. However, the data that Northrup cited doesn’t support her claim, as they don’t come from reliable scientific studies but from partial analyses with many critical flaws, as we will explain below. [...] Claims that COVID-19 vaccines cause fertility and pregnancy problems are unsubstantiated and contradict the available evidence. Published studies so far show that COVID-19 vaccines are safe for pregnant women and not associated with pregnancy complications or infertility in men or women. It is COVID-19 itself that increases the risk of pregnancy complications and poses a risk to both the mother and the baby. Contrary to these claims, COVID-19 vaccination helps reduce the risk of harm to the mother and baby. | 2023-10-18 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_135_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_135 | https://science.feedback.org/review/studies-continue-show-covid19-vaccines-dont-harm-fertility/ | New England Journal of Medicine “proves” 80% miscarriage rate among vaccinated women; COVID-19 vaccines harm men’s and women’s fertility | Christiane Northrup | 2023-09-20 | https://science.feedback.org/review/studies-continue-show-covid19-vaccines-dont-harm-fertility/ | Misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines harming fertility is a widespread myth that has damaged public trust in the vaccines. While the original vaccine clinical trials didn’t evaluate the effects of COVID-19 vaccines on fertility, scientific studies and safety surveillance data later on have shown that COVID-19 vaccines are safe for pregnant women and don’t cause pregnancy or fertility problems. COVID-19 itself is associated with an increased risk of pregnancy complications, which vaccination can help prevent. [...] Northrup’s speech supposedly provided evidence that COVID-19 vaccines harm fertility, particularly in women. However, the data that Northrup cited doesn’t support her claim, as they don’t come from reliable scientific studies but from partial analyses with many critical flaws, as we will explain below. [...] Claims that COVID-19 vaccines cause fertility and pregnancy problems are unsubstantiated and contradict the available evidence. Published studies so far show that COVID-19 vaccines are safe for pregnant women and not associated with pregnancy complications or infertility in men or women. It is COVID-19 itself that increases the risk of pregnancy complications and poses a risk to both the mother and the baby. Contrary to these claims, COVID-19 vaccination helps reduce the risk of harm to the mother and baby. | 2023-10-17 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_135_ret_bn_g3 | sciencefeedback_135 | https://science.feedback.org/review/studies-continue-show-covid19-vaccines-dont-harm-fertility/ | New England Journal of Medicine “proves” 80% miscarriage rate among vaccinated women; COVID-19 vaccines harm men’s and women’s fertility | Christiane Northrup | 2023-09-20 | https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-covid-19-vaccines-and-fertility | While COVID-19 vaccines are effective in preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death from SARS-CoV-2 infection, many people who are eligible have elected to not get vaccinated. This is often due to concerns about possible side effects. One concern emerged when a false report surfaced on social media claiming that getting vaccinated against COVID-19 can cause infertility in women. The truth is COVID-19 vaccines don’t affect fertility. [...] COVID-19 vaccines don’t alter fertility "There is absolutely no reason to be worried about fertility with the COVID-19 vaccine," said Dr. Wilson, emphasizing that vaccines "do not cause infertility and they do not affect fertility one way or the other." While a National Institues of Health-funded study has found that COVID-19 vaccination is linked to a small, temporary rise in the menstrual cycle, "no scientific evidence supports that COVID-19 vaccines will cause fertility problems," said Dr. Jones. She that "both of the primary vaccine types—the mRNA and the adenovirus vaccine—don’t have mechanisms that would seem to relate to reproductive function." | 2022-04-29 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_135_ret_bn_g7 | sciencefeedback_135 | https://science.feedback.org/review/studies-continue-show-covid19-vaccines-dont-harm-fertility/ | New England Journal of Medicine “proves” 80% miscarriage rate among vaccinated women; COVID-19 vaccines harm men’s and women’s fertility | Christiane Northrup | 2023-09-20 | https://www.nebraskamed.com/COVID/covid-19-vaccine-statistics-rare-side-effects-of-covid-19-vaccines | Can COVID-19 vaccines affect fertility? Infertility has not been a problem for men or women for any of the COVID-19 vaccines. One study noted vaccines do not affect conception by either partner. Prior COVID-19 infection among women also does not affect conception. However, recent COVID-19 infection among males does affect their fertility and ability to conceive. [...] COVID-19 vaccination lowers your risk of COVID-19 hospitalization and death. The known risks of COVID-19 illness and its related, possibly severe complications, such as long-term health problems, hospitalization and even death, far outweigh the potential risks of having a rare adverse reaction to vaccination like myocarditis or blood clots. COVID-19 vaccines do not affect pregnancy or fertility. | 2023-06-01 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_137_ret_b0_gn | sciencefeedback_137 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claims-long-covid-doesnt-exist-misrepresent-study-queensland-health-researchers/ | Queensland Health Researchers find that long COVID doesn’t exist | David Landsel, Paul Sacca, Brooke Mallory | 2024-03-14 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/claims-long-covid-doesnt-exist-misrepresent-study-queensland-health-researchers/ | FULL CLAIM: "No such thing as ‘long COVID,’ health agency says in shocking claim: ‘Unnecessary fear’"; "Top government health chief declares 'long COVID' doesn't really exist, study finds flu impairs more people in the long term"; "Australia: Queensland Health Researchers Claim ‘Long COVID’ Isn’t Real, Calls It ‘Unnecessary Fear’" [...] In this review, we show why claims that the study found long COVID doesn’t exist grossly misrepresent the study and the position of Queensland’s Chief Health Officer. [...] Therefore, the study demonstrated the opposite of what headlines by the New York Post and The Blaze claim: long COVID exists and that it significantly affects people’s lives. What the researchers also found was that long COVID resembled post-viral syndrome that also develops in some people after other viral infections, like flu. | 2024-03-26 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_137_ret_b10_gn | sciencefeedback_137 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claims-long-covid-doesnt-exist-misrepresent-study-queensland-health-researchers/ | Queensland Health Researchers find that long COVID doesn’t exist | David Landsel, Paul Sacca, Brooke Mallory | 2024-03-14 | https://statements.qld.gov.au/statements/97576 | The Honourable Yvette D'Ath - New research by Queensland Health suggests vaccination could reduce incidence of long COVID - The study was completed when 90 per cent of the state’s population was vaccinated against COVID-19 - Patients surveyed 12 weeks post Omicron infection, in Queensland's highly vaccinated population, reported similar incidence of persistent symptoms as patients who had been infected with influenza In the highly vaccinated population of Queensland, long-COVID symptoms may be no more severe than those seen in influenza, according to new research by Queensland Health. [...] FURTHER INFORMATION - Compared the symptoms of COVID-positive cases and those who tested positive to influenza - The results show long-COVID symptoms can occur in other viral illnesses at the same level of severity - The study is specific to Queensland’s highly vaccinated population and ran between June and September 2022 with more than 3,100 participants | 2023-04-18 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_139 | sciencefeedback_139 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-increased-risk-of-autism-observed-in-african-american-boys-associated-with-mmr-vaccine-claim-based-on-erroneous-study-retracted-in-2014/ | The CDC found a 236% increased risk of autism in African-American boys associated with the MMR vaccine | Brian Hooker | 2020-01-27 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-increased-risk-of-autism-observed-in-african-american-boys-associated-with-mmr-vaccine-claim-based-on-erroneous-study-retracted-in-2014/ | CDC data did not show an increased risk of autism in African-American boys associated with the MMR vaccine. This claim is based on a study that was later retracted due to its methodological flaws which produced spurious results. Overwhelming scientific evidence shows that vaccines do not cause autism. | 2020-01-27 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_139_ret_b12_gn | sciencefeedback_139 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-increased-risk-of-autism-observed-in-african-american-boys-associated-with-mmr-vaccine-claim-based-on-erroneous-study-retracted-in-2014/ | The CDC found a 236% increased risk of autism in African-American boys associated with the MMR vaccine | Brian Hooker | 2020-01-27 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/the-u-s-national-childhood-vaccine-injury-act-does-not-stop-people-from-suing-vaccine-manufacturers/ | Furthermore, the multiple civil lawsuits that have been filed against vaccine manufacturers by anti-vaccine activists clearly prove the claim is false, as Vaxopedia points out. [...] "MMR vaccine increased autism rate by 236% in African-American boys compared to Caucasian boys" [...] "And, of course, there’s no biologically plausible reason why there would be an effect observed in African-Americans but no other race and, more specifically than that, in African-American males. In the discussion, Hooker does a bunch of handwaving about lower vitamin D levels and the like in African American boys, but there really isn’t a biologically plausible mechanism to account for his observation, suggesting that it’s probably spurious." | 2022-11-24 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_139_ret_b15_gn | sciencefeedback_139 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-increased-risk-of-autism-observed-in-african-american-boys-associated-with-mmr-vaccine-claim-based-on-erroneous-study-retracted-in-2014/ | The CDC found a 236% increased risk of autism in African-American boys associated with the MMR vaccine | Brian Hooker | 2020-01-27 | https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/bad-medicine/ | On 24 August 2014 a CNN iReport claiming intentional suppression of data relating to 340% increased risk of autism among specific populations of African-American boys following MMR vaccinations went viral. The story seemed to disappear mysteriously, further fueling the notion that an intentional coverup was underway. [...] What got lost in the brouhaha over Dr. Thompson's "confession," allegations about a "cover-up" at the CDC, and threats of whistleblower lawsuits was what should have been the main point: Did collected data actually prove that the MMR vaccine produces a 340% increased risk of autism in African-American boys? The answer is no, it did not. [...] For a thorough analysis of the flaws and misinformation associated with the current CDC autism "cover-up" conspiracy theory, we recommend the posts on the subject at ScienceBlogs, which note of the claim at the heart of this matter (i.e, allegedly suppressed proof of a 340% increased risk of autism in African-American boys after MMR vaccination) that: | 2015-02-03 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_139_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_139 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-increased-risk-of-autism-observed-in-african-american-boys-associated-with-mmr-vaccine-claim-based-on-erroneous-study-retracted-in-2014/ | The CDC found a 236% increased risk of autism in African-American boys associated with the MMR vaccine | Brian Hooker | 2020-01-27 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-increased-risk-of-autism-observed-in-african-american-boys-associated-with-mmr-vaccine-claim-based-on-erroneous-study-retracted-in-2014/ | No increased risk of autism observed in African-American boys associated with MMR vaccine; claim based on erroneous study retracted in 2014 CDC data did not show an increased risk of autism in African-American boys associated with the MMR vaccine. This claim is based on a study that was later retracted due to its methodological flaws which produced spurious results. Overwhelming scientific evidence shows that vaccines do not cause autism. [...] Snopes fact-checked this claim in 2014, and found it to be false: "Did collected data actually prove that the MMR vaccine produces a 340% increased risk of autism in African-American boys? The answer is no, it did not." | 2020-01-27 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_139_ret_bn_g1 | sciencefeedback_139 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-increased-risk-of-autism-observed-in-african-american-boys-associated-with-mmr-vaccine-claim-based-on-erroneous-study-retracted-in-2014/ | The CDC found a 236% increased risk of autism in African-American boys associated with the MMR vaccine | Brian Hooker | 2020-01-27 | https://translationalneurodegeneration.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2047-9158-3-16 | Table 3 shows results for the entire cohort excluding African American children. As can be observed, there is no statistically significant effect for any of the subclasses in either gender or age cut-off for MMR uptake. This shows that the effect observed overall is due to the very strong "signal" seen exclusively in African American boys. In other words, the strong, statistically significant relationship between younger first MMR age and higher autism incidence in African American males may be skewing the results for larger, more general populations that include African American males (e.g., all boys and all African Americans) to show a "relationship" that is actually only in African American males. | 2014-08-27 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_141 | sciencefeedback_141 | https://science.feedback.org/review/peter-mccullough-misinterprets-study-covid19-vaccination-pregnancy-study-shows-vaccines-safe-for-pregnant-women/ | “No discernible benefit of covid-19 vaccination in pregnancy”; “higher rate of neonatal and all-cause readmissions among babies born to vaccinated mothers” | Peter McCullough | 2023-10-11 | https://science.feedback.org/review/peter-mccullough-misinterprets-study-covid19-vaccination-pregnancy-study-shows-vaccines-safe-for-pregnant-women/ | Getting COVID-19 while pregnant is associated with a higher risk of developing severe disease and pregnancy complications. Abundant data show that vaccination during pregnancy is safe for the mother and the unborn child and effectively reduces the risks of complications from the disease. | 2023-10-11 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_141_ret_b3_gn | sciencefeedback_141 | https://science.feedback.org/review/peter-mccullough-misinterprets-study-covid19-vaccination-pregnancy-study-shows-vaccines-safe-for-pregnant-women/ | “No discernible benefit of covid-19 vaccination in pregnancy”; “higher rate of neonatal and all-cause readmissions among babies born to vaccinated mothers” | Peter McCullough | 2023-10-11 | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-022-02421-0 | A total of 15 studies were included. We found that maternal vaccination during pregnancy was related to the reduction rates of Preterm, SGA, Low Apgar score at 5 min (<7). In addition, there was no evidence of a higher risk of adverse neonatal outcomes after maternal vaccination of COVID-19 during pregnancy, including NICU admission, preterm birth with gestation <34 weeks, low birth weight, very low birth weight, congenital anomalies, and so on. [...] Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data mainly concerning neonatal outcomes after maternal COVID-19 vaccination. In the present study, the main neonatal outcomes are preterm, SGA, NICU admission, and low 5 min Apgar score (<7). In population-based larger cohorts published from Israel, Canada, Sweden, and Norway, and the US, except for data from Canada, all three other studies reported that COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was not significantly associated with an increased risk for adverse neonatal outcomes.27,29,31,32 After pooling all of these data, our results showed not only no increased risk from maternal vaccination but also lower rates of adverse neonatal outcomes among those born to individuals vaccinated during pregnancy. As shown in Fig. 2 and Table 2, 17%, 7%, and 8% decreases in the odds of preterm, SGA, and low 5 min Apgar score (<7) were associated with COVID-19 vaccination when compared with unvaccination during pregnancy, respectively. These results may gain confidence to improve the acceptance of vaccines among pregnant women. | 2023-01-03 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_141_ret_b6_gn | sciencefeedback_141 | https://science.feedback.org/review/peter-mccullough-misinterprets-study-covid19-vaccination-pregnancy-study-shows-vaccines-safe-for-pregnant-women/ | “No discernible benefit of covid-19 vaccination in pregnancy”; “higher rate of neonatal and all-cause readmissions among babies born to vaccinated mothers” | Peter McCullough | 2023-10-11 | https://www.bmj.com/content/378/bmj-2021-069741 | Covid-19 vaccination is the safest and most effective way for people who are pregnant to protect themselves and their babies against severe covid-19 disease. Available data do not support an increased risk of adverse outcomes following covid-19 vaccination in pregnancy, so vaccination should be recommended as the benefits of vaccination during pregnancy seem to outweigh any potential risks. The immunogenicity of vaccinations in pregnancy seems to be similar to that in the non-pregnant population; however, the optimal timing of vaccination in pregnancy for neonatal/infant benefit remains uncertain. Additional information on non-mRNA vaccines, vaccination early in pregnancy, and longer term infant outcomes are also needed. Given that pregnant people are at increased risks for severe complications from covid-19, increasing the data and knowledge surrounding vaccination in this population is important to help to reduce vaccine hesitancy. Along with more data, directed personal vaccine counseling by obstetric providers to pregnant patients may also improve vaccination rates. To meet all these goals, pregnant people around the world must be prioritized in covid-19 vaccine research. | 2022-08-10 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_141_ret_bn_g1 | sciencefeedback_141 | https://science.feedback.org/review/peter-mccullough-misinterprets-study-covid19-vaccination-pregnancy-study-shows-vaccines-safe-for-pregnant-women/ | “No discernible benefit of covid-19 vaccination in pregnancy”; “higher rate of neonatal and all-cause readmissions among babies born to vaccinated mothers” | Peter McCullough | 2023-10-11 | https://www.factcheck.org/2023/11/scicheck-covid-19-vaccination-during-pregnancy-is-safe-has-multiple-benefits/ | Going against the now-extensive record on COVID-19 vaccines and pregnancy, a recent Instagram post claimed that there is "No Discernable Benefit of COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnancy." The post was quoting a Substack newsletter from Dr. Peter McCullough, a prolific spreader of vaccine misinformation. The newsletter focused on the new JAMA Pediatrics study on vaccine safety, also claiming that it found "No Assurances on Safety." [...] McCullough misused two pieces of raw data from the JAMA Pediatrics study to incorrectly imply that COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy is unsafe and ineffective. He ignored the primary results of the paper supporting the safety of maternal COVID-19 vaccination for babies, as well as the larger body of data showing maternal COVID-19 vaccination is safe and effective. [...] DeSilva and Vazquez-Benitez added that the study did not show an increased risk for neonatal readmission with additional COVID-19 vaccine doses received during pregnancy. The study also followed babies through 6 months of age and found a similar rate of hospital readmission regardless of maternal vaccination status. | 2023-11-15 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_143 | sciencefeedback_143 | https://science.feedback.org/review/infectious-diseases-are-caused-by-microorganisms-other-factors-may-determine-an-individuals-susceptibility-to-infection-but-the-microorganism-is-still-the-cause/ | “…a virus is not the cause of an illness. It’s a necessary cause […] but it is not the cause.” | Lisa Feldman Barrett | 2021-04-16 | https://science.feedback.org/review/infectious-diseases-are-caused-by-microorganisms-other-factors-may-determine-an-individuals-susceptibility-to-infection-but-the-microorganism-is-still-the-cause/ | Factors like nutrition, genetics and age can influence an individual’s susceptibility to a microorganism, such as a virus or a bacteria. These factors make individuals more or less likely to develop infections after they were exposed to a microorganism. That being said, even individuals who are young and healthy can develop infectious diseases because the cause of infectious diseases is still the microorganism. | 2021-04-16 | Half True | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_143_ret_b2_gn | sciencefeedback_143 | https://science.feedback.org/review/infectious-diseases-are-caused-by-microorganisms-other-factors-may-determine-an-individuals-susceptibility-to-infection-but-the-microorganism-is-still-the-cause/ | “…a virus is not the cause of an illness. It’s a necessary cause […] but it is not the cause.” | Lisa Feldman Barrett | 2021-04-16 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/infectious-diseases-are-caused-by-microorganisms-other-factors-may-determine-an-individuals-susceptibility-to-infection-but-the-microorganism-is-still-the-cause/ | FULL CLAIM: "Exposure to a virus is not the same as infection […] That means that a virus is not the cause of an illness. You can’t get a common cold without the virus. [...] On 6 April 2021, comedian Russel Brand posted a video on his Facebook page of him interviewing neuroscientist and psychologist Lisa Feldman Barrett, a professor at Northeastern University. In the video, Barrett argued that "a virus is not the cause of an illness". She explained that though the viruses are a necessary cause because "you can’t get the common cold without the virus," they are not the cause [Barrett’s emphasis]. The video received more than 390,000 views and more than 16,000 interactions on Facebook, including likes and comments. [...] Although people varied in their susceptibility to developing the disease, the rhinovirus was still the cause of participants’ cold symptoms in the study. Without receiving the nasal drop containing the rhinovirus, none of the patients would have developed a cold. When discussing the causes and outcomes of a disease, distinguishing between a "necessary cause" and "cause," and describing chronic stress as a cause rather than a contributing factor, as Barrett did, is imprecise and potentially misleading. | 2021-05-04 | Half True | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_143_ret_b3_gn | sciencefeedback_143 | https://science.feedback.org/review/infectious-diseases-are-caused-by-microorganisms-other-factors-may-determine-an-individuals-susceptibility-to-infection-but-the-microorganism-is-still-the-cause/ | “…a virus is not the cause of an illness. It’s a necessary cause […] but it is not the cause.” | Lisa Feldman Barrett | 2021-04-16 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus | Examples of common human diseases caused by viruses include the common cold, influenza, chickenpox, and cold sores. Many serious diseases such as rabies, Ebola virus disease, AIDS (HIV), avian influenza, and SARS are caused by viruses. The relative ability of viruses to cause disease is described in terms of virulence. Other diseases are under investigation to discover if they have a virus as the causative agent, such as the possible connection between human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) and neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis and chronic fatigue syndrome.[108] There is controversy over whether the bornavirus, previously thought to cause neurological diseases in horses, could be responsible for psychiatric illnesses in humans.[109] | 2024-10-09 | Half True | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_143_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_143 | https://science.feedback.org/review/infectious-diseases-are-caused-by-microorganisms-other-factors-may-determine-an-individuals-susceptibility-to-infection-but-the-microorganism-is-still-the-cause/ | “…a virus is not the cause of an illness. It’s a necessary cause […] but it is not the cause.” | Lisa Feldman Barrett | 2021-04-16 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK20370/ | Just like other infectious agents, viruses cause disease by disrupting normal cell function. They do this in a variety of ways. Some viruses make repressor proteins that stop the synthesis of the host cell's proteins, RNA, and DNA. Viral activity may weaken cell membranes and lysosomal membranes, leading to cell autolysis. Some viral proteins are toxic to cells, and the body's immune defenses also may kill virus-infected cells. Viruses are classified using a variety of criteria, including shape, size, and type of genome. Among the DNA viruses are the herpes viruses that cause chicken pox, cold sores, and painful genital lesions, and the poxvirus that causes smallpox. Significant RNA viruses that cause human disease include rhinoviruses that cause most common colds; myxoviruses and paramyxoviruses that cause influenza, measles, and mumps; rotaviruses that cause gastroenteritis; and the retroviruses that cause AIDS and several types of cancer. | 1998-04-17 | Half True | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_147 | sciencefeedback_147 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-that-ingredients-in-flu-vaccine-are-known-neurotoxins-found-to-be-incorrect-erin-elizabeth-health-nut-news/ | Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin | Erin Elizabeth | 2019-07-31 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-that-ingredients-in-flu-vaccine-are-known-neurotoxins-found-to-be-incorrect-erin-elizabeth-health-nut-news/ | This article incorrectly claims that the flu vaccine contains ingredients that are neurotoxic. The claim that the flu vaccine “contains 25,000 times more mercury than is legally allowed in drinking water” is based on an unreliable source. | 2019-07-31 | False | true | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_147_ret_b0_gn | sciencefeedback_147 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-that-ingredients-in-flu-vaccine-are-known-neurotoxins-found-to-be-incorrect-erin-elizabeth-health-nut-news/ | Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin | Erin Elizabeth | 2019-07-31 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/claim-that-ingredients-in-flu-vaccine-are-known-neurotoxins-found-to-be-incorrect-erin-elizabeth-health-nut-news/ | This article published in Health Nut News, shared more than 120,000 times, was originally published on the website Complete Health and Happiness. The article discusses the purported dangers of ingredients in the flu vaccine. It claims that the flu vaccine contains several "contaminants", specifically thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde and sodium deoxycholate, which it labels as known neurotoxins. [...] The other ingredients mentioned in this article, ovalbumin and sodium deoxycholate, are also not known neurotoxins. Ovalbumin is the main protein found in egg white, which is consumed daily by many people in much greater quantities than is found in the flu vaccine, without any ill effects. It can, in rare cases, trigger an allergic reaction, not unlike other food allergies (e.g. peanuts, shellfish). Sodium deoxycholate is a bile salt and a form of deoxycholic acid, which has been used in cosmetic surgery in an injectable form, and at higher levels than in the flu vaccine, to reduce subcutaneous fat. Neurotoxicity is not a known side effect of such treatment. | 2020-02-19 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_147_ret_b14_gn | sciencefeedback_147 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-that-ingredients-in-flu-vaccine-are-known-neurotoxins-found-to-be-incorrect-erin-elizabeth-health-nut-news/ | Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin | Erin Elizabeth | 2019-07-31 | https://www.britannica.com/science/neurotoxin | neurotoxin, substance that alters the structure or function of the nervous system. More than 1,000 chemicals are known to have neurotoxic effects in animals. The substances include a wide range of natural and human-made chemical compounds, from snake venom and pesticides to ethyl alcohol, heroin, and cocaine. [...] Neurotoxins are absorbed through inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or injection and can have immediate or long-lasting impacts by causing neurons to malfunction or by disrupting interneuron communication. Slurred words or poor coordination due to toxic effects on neurons from alcohol consumption, for example, are temporary, whereas cognitive damage caused by lead exposure is irreversible. Certain neurotoxins are highly potent and have been developed into chemical weapons. The nerve agent sarin, for example, is an organophosphorous compound that is classified as a weapon of mass destruction; sarin gas can kill a person within 10 minutes of exposure. [...] In the modern era, there is significant concern about the combined effects of moderate and even low-level exposure to multiple neurotoxins; more research is needed, however, to determine the physiological significance of such exposures. In addition, thousands of other chemicals are suspected of having neurotoxic effects, though many remain untested. | 2017-03-27 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_147_ret_b7_gn | sciencefeedback_147 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-that-ingredients-in-flu-vaccine-are-known-neurotoxins-found-to-be-incorrect-erin-elizabeth-health-nut-news/ | Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin | Erin Elizabeth | 2019-07-31 | https://immunizationinfo.com/fluzone-vaccine/ | The ingredients include egg protein, octylphenol ethoxylate (Triton X-100) ≤150 mcg, sodium phosphate-buffered isotonic sodium chloride solution, thimerosal (multi-dose vials), formaldehyde (≤100 mcg), and gelatin (≤0.05). [...] The other ingredients include egg protein (ovalbumin), formaldehyde (≤100 mcg), Octylphenol ethoxylate (≤250 mcg), and sodium phosphate-buffered isotonic sodium chloride solution. [...] Other ingredients include formaldehyde (≤100 mc) and Octylphenol ethoxylate (≤250 mcg). | 2018-06-13 | False | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
sciencefeedback_147_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_147 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-that-ingredients-in-flu-vaccine-are-known-neurotoxins-found-to-be-incorrect-erin-elizabeth-health-nut-news/ | Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin | Erin Elizabeth | 2019-07-31 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-that-ingredients-in-flu-vaccine-are-known-neurotoxins-found-to-be-incorrect-erin-elizabeth-health-nut-news/ | Incorrect: Neither ovalbumin (the main protein in egg white) nor sodium deoxycholate is neurotoxic, as the article claims. Both substances are generally safe. [...] This article published in Health Nut News, shared more than 120,000 times, was originally published on the website Complete Health and Happiness. The article discusses the purported dangers of ingredients in the flu vaccine. It claims that the flu vaccine contains several "contaminants", specifically thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde and sodium deoxycholate, which it labels as known neurotoxins. [...] The other ingredients mentioned in this article, ovalbumin and sodium deoxycholate, are also not known neurotoxins. Ovalbumin is the main protein found in egg white, which is consumed daily by many people in much greater quantities than is found in the flu vaccine, without any ill effects. It can, in rare cases, trigger an allergic reaction, not unlike other food allergies (e.g. peanuts, shellfish). | 2019-07-31 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_150_ret_b0_gn | sciencefeedback_150 | https://science.feedback.org/review/addressing-false-claims-vitamin-k-shots-toxic-aluminum-hepatitis-b-vaccines-toxic-ingredients/ | Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients | Social media users | 2023-12-07 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/addressing-false-claims-vitamin-k-shots-toxic-aluminum-hepatitis-b-vaccines-toxic-ingredients/ | FULL CLAIM: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients; Tylenol causes autism; hospitals aren’t a safe place to give birth [...] The claim that vitamin K shots are dangerous to neonates because they contain toxic levels of aluminum has appeared before, such as in this post by Children’s Health Defense, an anti-vaccine website that often disseminates vaccine disinformation. Similar claims have been reviewed in the past and found to be inaccurate. [...] The claim that vitamin K shots are dangerous because they contain 20,000 times the recommended amount of aluminum is inaccurate. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends that the total allowable exposure to aluminum through the intravenous route not exceed five micrograms per kilogram of body weight per day. One microgram is one thousandth of a milligram, or one millionth of a gram. | 2023-12-13 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_150_ret_bn_g1 | sciencefeedback_150 | https://science.feedback.org/review/addressing-false-claims-vitamin-k-shots-toxic-aluminum-hepatitis-b-vaccines-toxic-ingredients/ | Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients | Social media users | 2023-12-07 | https://science.feedback.org/review/addressing-false-claims-vitamin-k-shots-toxic-aluminum-hepatitis-b-vaccines-toxic-ingredients/ | Addressing false claims that Vitamin K shots have toxic levels of aluminum, Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients, and more [...] The claim that vitamin K shots are dangerous to neonates because they contain toxic levels of aluminum has appeared before, such as in this post by Children’s Health Defense, an anti-vaccine website that often disseminates vaccine disinformation. Similar claims have been reviewed in the past and found to be inaccurate. [...] The claim that vitamin K shots are dangerous because they contain 20,000 times the recommended amount of aluminum is inaccurate. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends that the total allowable exposure to aluminum through the intravenous route not exceed five micrograms per kilogram of body weight per day. One microgram is one thousandth of a milligram, or one millionth of a gram. | 2023-12-13 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_150_ret_bn_g9 | sciencefeedback_150 | https://science.feedback.org/review/addressing-false-claims-vitamin-k-shots-toxic-aluminum-hepatitis-b-vaccines-toxic-ingredients/ | Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients | Social media users | 2023-12-07 | https://keepkidshealthy.com/2017/07/11/that-black-box-warning-on-vitamin-k-shots/ | Mostly because someone on the Internet told them to be worried about them, even though vitamin K shots are safe, are free of mercury and any other toxins you might really need to be concerned about, and the dose of synthetic vitamin K your baby gets in the shot will not cause an overdose. Or they might be worried that their baby might get up to 100mcg/L of aluminum with each shot. Of course, since they are only getting 0.5ml with the shot, that only equals about 0.05mcg of aluminum! Although it is an extremely tiny amount, why is it even in there? It is not working as an adjuvant as some would propose (again, vitamin K is not a vaccine), but rather is likely just a byproduct of the manufacturing process. And you can be assured that your baby can quickly, and safely eliminate the small amount from their body. [...] There are isolated case reports of anaphylaxis in newborns to other things, including antibiotics, hepatitis B immunoglobulin, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and atracurium (used in anesthesia) – but not to vitamin K shots. | 2017-07-11 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_155 | sciencefeedback_155 | https://science.feedback.org/review/studies-suggest-nutritional-deficiencies-increase-risk-alzheimers-but-arent-sole-cause-social-media-post-claims/ | Alzheimer’s disease is a “physician-caused disease” that arises due to nutritional deficiencies | Joel Wallach | 2023-04-26 | https://science.feedback.org/review/studies-suggest-nutritional-deficiencies-increase-risk-alzheimers-but-arent-sole-cause-social-media-post-claims/ | Alzheimer’s disease most commonly occurs in individuals aged 65 and above and research so far suggests that the disease is caused by the abnormal buildup of protein in amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. This buildup causes neurons to lose their connections, leading to impaired memory and cognitive ability. The risk of Alzheimer’s is associated with genetic and environmental factors, including nutritional deficiencies. | 2023-04-26 | False | true | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_155_ret_b7_gn | sciencefeedback_155 | https://science.feedback.org/review/studies-suggest-nutritional-deficiencies-increase-risk-alzheimers-but-arent-sole-cause-social-media-post-claims/ | Alzheimer’s disease is a “physician-caused disease” that arises due to nutritional deficiencies | Joel Wallach | 2023-04-26 | https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/types-dementia/alzheimers-disease?-- | Alzheimer’s disease is a physical illness which damages a person’s brain. This eventually causes dementia. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia. [...] The term 'Alzheimer's disease' – or Alzheimer’s – can be used to describe the physical disease that damages the brain, as well as the type of dementia that the disease causes. | 2023-02-21 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_155_ret_bn_g14 | sciencefeedback_155 | https://science.feedback.org/review/studies-suggest-nutritional-deficiencies-increase-risk-alzheimers-but-arent-sole-cause-social-media-post-claims/ | Alzheimer’s disease is a “physician-caused disease” that arises due to nutritional deficiencies | Joel Wallach | 2023-04-26 | https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/dementias | Nutritional deficiencies of vitamin B1 (thiamine), caused by chronic alcoholism, and of vitamin B12 can be reversed with treatment. People who have abused substances such as alcohol and recreational drugs sometimes display signs of dementia even after the substance abuse has stopped. | 2024-08-27 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_155_ret_bn_g18 | sciencefeedback_155 | https://science.feedback.org/review/studies-suggest-nutritional-deficiencies-increase-risk-alzheimers-but-arent-sole-cause-social-media-post-claims/ | Alzheimer’s disease is a “physician-caused disease” that arises due to nutritional deficiencies | Joel Wallach | 2023-04-26 | https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/life-stages-populations/mens-health/top-10-causes-death.html | Additionally, it is important to determine the actual cause of the cognitive symptoms, as they may not be caused by Alzheimer’s disease and many causes, such as depression, drug interaction, thyroid problems, and vitamin deficiencies, are reversible if detected early and treated appropriately. | 2021-08-17 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_155_ret_bn_g3 | sciencefeedback_155 | https://science.feedback.org/review/studies-suggest-nutritional-deficiencies-increase-risk-alzheimers-but-arent-sole-cause-social-media-post-claims/ | Alzheimer’s disease is a “physician-caused disease” that arises due to nutritional deficiencies | Joel Wallach | 2023-04-26 | https://science.feedback.org/review/studies-suggest-nutritional-deficiencies-increase-risk-alzheimers-but-arent-sole-cause-social-media-post-claims/ | Incorrect: Alzheimer’s disease is not a physician-caused disease. To date, the exact cause of Alzheimer’s is unknown, but it is thought to arise from a combination of age-related, genetic, and environmental factors. [...] Furthermore, it’s also unclear whether it is actually nutritional deficiencies that contribute to Alzheimer’s or if it is Alzheimer’s itself that causes nutritional deficiencies since the disease can lead to changes in diet and lifestyle. [...] The claim that Alzheimer’s is caused by nutritional deficiencies is incorrect and overstates the scientific evidence for the role of nutrition in Alzheimer’s. Contrary to the claim made in the Facebook reel, Alzheimer’s is a complex disease that is associated with multiple factors, including genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Although some studies suggest that certain vitamin deficiencies might play a role in the risk of developing Alzheimer’s, when the evidence is taken as a whole, the findings are contradictory and insufficient to establish a definite link. Therefore, this video grossly oversimplifies the causes for Alzheimer’s disease. | 2023-05-16 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_158 | sciencefeedback_158 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-evidence-covid19-vaccines-can-sexually-transmitted-change-peoples-blood/ | COVID-19 vaccines can be sexually transmitted to unvaccinated people; vaccines cause blood discoloration and weaken immune system | Aaron Lewis | 2023-06-10 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-evidence-covid19-vaccines-can-sexually-transmitted-change-peoples-blood/ | Available COVID-19 vaccines only use protein fragments of the SARS-CoV-2 virus or genetic information to produce these fragments instead of a full virus. Thus, COVID-19 vaccines cannot replicate in the body nor can they pass from one person to another. | 2023-06-10 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_158_ret_b4_gn | sciencefeedback_158 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-evidence-covid19-vaccines-can-sexually-transmitted-change-peoples-blood/ | COVID-19 vaccines can be sexually transmitted to unvaccinated people; vaccines cause blood discoloration and weaken immune system | Aaron Lewis | 2023-06-10 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/no-evidence-covid19-vaccines-can-sexually-transmitted-change-peoples-blood/ | Factually inaccurate: There is no available scientific evidence supporting the claims that COVID-19 vaccines cause blood discoloration or weaken the immune system. [...] A video from naturopath Aaron Lewis circulated on social media in September 2023 claiming that COVID-19 vaccines could be sexually transmitted from a vaccinated person to an unvaccinated one. To support his claim, Lewis showed what was allegedly a micrograph of blood from an unvaccinated person soon after sexual intercourse with a COVID-19-vaccinated individual. Lewis then claimed that the blood started to look like "a vaccinated person’s blood". Among what Lewis considered to be the hallmarks of a vaccinated person’s blood were blood "discoloration" as well as a large amount of the fungus Candida. Lewis then added that "mass level of candida" "means that the white blood cells are non-responsive". | 2023-10-06 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_158_ret_b5_gn | sciencefeedback_158 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-evidence-covid19-vaccines-can-sexually-transmitted-change-peoples-blood/ | COVID-19 vaccines can be sexually transmitted to unvaccinated people; vaccines cause blood discoloration and weaken immune system | Aaron Lewis | 2023-06-10 | https://www.factcheck.org/2021/05/scicheck-covid-19-vaccines-spike-protein-only-get-into-those-who-receive-it-no-shedding/ | COVID-19 vaccines do not contain a live virus, so there isn’t a biological path for a vaccinated person to "shed" the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to those around them. Nor is there any evidence the vaccines cause reproductive problems. That means there’s no basis for social media claims that "shedding" causes reproductive issues in unvaccinated people. None of the COVID-19 vaccines used in the United States contains a live virus with the ability to reproduce itself. Therefore, there’s no scientific basis to support the claim that people who’ve received the authorized COVID-19 vaccines can spread or shed the virus to unvaccinated people. [...] "The COVID-19 vaccines currently authorized by the FDA are not live virus vaccines, and there is no medical or scientific evidence to suggest that COVID-19 vaccines shed," Dr. Christopher M. Zahn, an obstetrician-gynecologist, retired Air Force officer and vice president of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, said in a statement sent to FactCheck.org. "This is a conspiracy that has been created to weaken trust in a series of vaccines that have been demonstrated in clinical trials to be safe and effective and that are our single best tool for confronting a global pandemic that has taken 600,000 lives in this country alone." | 2021-05-15 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_158_ret_bn_g12 | sciencefeedback_158 | https://science.feedback.org/review/no-evidence-covid19-vaccines-can-sexually-transmitted-change-peoples-blood/ | COVID-19 vaccines can be sexually transmitted to unvaccinated people; vaccines cause blood discoloration and weaken immune system | Aaron Lewis | 2023-06-10 | https://www.michiganmedicine.org/health-lab/not-sure-about-covid-19-vaccine-get-facts-then-decide | There are also reports of people who have been fully vaccinated getting sick with COVID-19. This is expected – no vaccine is 100% effective against all forms of the illness it's designed to protect against. People who had weakened immune systems before they got vaccinated may be especially prone to a post-vaccination case of COVID-19 if they're exposed to an infected person during their contagious period. [...] Just as with other vaccines, the COVID-19 vaccines can cause temporary effects soon after they enter the body and start teaching the immune system to go after the coronavirus. The most common reactions are headaches, arm pain, body aches, chills or fever lasting a few hours to a few days. Taking an over-the-counter painkiller can help ease these. The CDC has more information about what to expect and what to do if you experience a vaccine reaction. [...] People with weakened immune systems may be less protected by a COVID-19 vaccine than someone with a healthy immune system, but they are still encouraged to get vaccinated. | 2020-12-23 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_16 | sciencefeedback_16 | https://science.feedback.org/review/pyramid-shaped-peaks-antarctica-naturally-carved-by-glaciers-not-constructed-by-ancient-civilization/ | Ancient civilizations once inhabited Antarctica, as shown by the pyramids there, but the continent’s position and climate rapidly changed due to ‘tectonics and pole shift’. | Billy Carson | 2024-03-20 | https://science.feedback.org/review/pyramid-shaped-peaks-antarctica-naturally-carved-by-glaciers-not-constructed-by-ancient-civilization/ | The rocky pyramid-shaped feature in Antarctica is a natural landform called a ‘horn’ or ‘pyramidal peak’. These peaks form when three or four intersecting glaciers carve out mountain faces in different directions, thus making a horn or pyramidal shape. They are common in Antarctica and found in many other places on Earth. Scientific evidence shows that Antarctica slowly drifted to its current position over millions of years through tectonic plate movement; not a sudden shift of the poles or crust. | 2024-03-20 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_16_ret_b2_gn | sciencefeedback_16 | https://science.feedback.org/review/pyramid-shaped-peaks-antarctica-naturally-carved-by-glaciers-not-constructed-by-ancient-civilization/ | Ancient civilizations once inhabited Antarctica, as shown by the pyramids there, but the continent’s position and climate rapidly changed due to ‘tectonics and pole shift’. | Billy Carson | 2024-03-20 | https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/the-most-interesting-archeological-finds-discovered-in-antarctica | Some of the most intriguing discoveries in Antarctica aren’t artifacts from ancient civilizations, but from our own, dating to a time as recently as a century ago, sometimes less. The sailors and explorers of those times were plumbing the depths of a harsh and largely unknown country, using the best knowledge and equipment of the day. [...] Did Ancient Humans Ever Live in Antarctica? [...] With such rich recent history to examine and preserve, it seems a shame that so much online energy and excitement should be devoted to the pseudoscientific ideas and fanciful notions about supposed Antarctic civilizations — for which, to be clear, there is not a shred of proof. | 2023-11-03 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_16_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_16 | https://science.feedback.org/review/pyramid-shaped-peaks-antarctica-naturally-carved-by-glaciers-not-constructed-by-ancient-civilization/ | Ancient civilizations once inhabited Antarctica, as shown by the pyramids there, but the continent’s position and climate rapidly changed due to ‘tectonics and pole shift’. | Billy Carson | 2024-03-20 | https://science.feedback.org/review/pyramid-shaped-peaks-antarctica-naturally-carved-by-glaciers-not-constructed-by-ancient-civilization/ | Factually inaccurate: There is no evidence of ancient civilizations or pyramids in Antarctica. The pyramid-shaped landform shown in recent social media videos is called a ‘horn’ or ‘pyramidal peak’ and forms naturally as glaciers carve (i.e., erode) different rock faces. There is also no evidence for a rapid shift in the climate or position of Antarctica on Earth; studies show that Antarctica slowly drifted over millions of years through tectonic plate movements. On 20 March 2024, a video on YouTube claimed that ‘Antarctica has pyramids from an ancient civilization’, and that ‘the continent’s surface flash-froze as it rapidly shifted on Earth‘. [...] There is no evidence of an ancient civilization, nor any pyramids in Antarctica, contrary to claims from viral videos on social media. There are, however, several pyramid or semi-pyramid shaped mountains called ‘horns’ or ‘pyramidal peaks’, which form through glacial erosion. These peaks are well-documented in Antarctica and many other glaciated areas around the world, such as Switzerland and Peru. Contrary to other claims made in these videos, Antarctica did not experience a sudden change in climate due to a sudden shift in the poles or Antarctica’s position on Earth. Scientific evidence shows that Antarctica slowly drifted to its current position over millions of years through tectonic plate movement. | 2024-07-09 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_16_ret_bn_g14 | sciencefeedback_16 | https://science.feedback.org/review/pyramid-shaped-peaks-antarctica-naturally-carved-by-glaciers-not-constructed-by-ancient-civilization/ | Ancient civilizations once inhabited Antarctica, as shown by the pyramids there, but the continent’s position and climate rapidly changed due to ‘tectonics and pole shift’. | Billy Carson | 2024-03-20 | https://science.feedback.org/outlet/youtube/ | Pyramid-shaped peaks in Antarctica are naturally carved by glaciers, not constructed by an ancient civilization | 2024-08-15 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_163 | sciencefeedback_163 | https://science.feedback.org/review/vaccines-do-not-cause-neurological-damage-aluminum-levels-in-vaccines-are-safe-collective-evolution/ | Aluminum in vaccines causes neurological damage and autism | Arjun Walia, Facebook users | 2020-02-19 | https://science.feedback.org/review/vaccines-do-not-cause-neurological-damage-aluminum-levels-in-vaccines-are-safe-collective-evolution/ | Scientific evidence shows that vaccines are safe and not associated with autism. The amount of aluminum present in vaccines is very low, in fact much lower than the amount of aluminum in the diet of infants. Furthermore, the biologically active form of aluminum cannot cross the blood-brain barrier, hence it cannot cause damage to the brain or autism. | 2020-02-19 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_163_ret_b16_gn | sciencefeedback_163 | https://science.feedback.org/review/vaccines-do-not-cause-neurological-damage-aluminum-levels-in-vaccines-are-safe-collective-evolution/ | Aluminum in vaccines causes neurological damage and autism | Arjun Walia, Facebook users | 2020-02-19 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/vaccines-do-not-cause-neurological-damage-aluminum-levels-in-vaccines-are-safe-collective-evolution/ | FULL CLAIM: Aluminum in vaccines causes neurological damage and autism Several Facebook posts containing screenshots of Google search results purporting to show evidence linking aluminum in vaccines with neurological damage and autism were published in early March 2020. An article published by Collective Evolution in mid-February reported a similar claim made by Christopher Exley, professor of bioinorganic chemistry at Keele University, based on the findings of his study[1]. [...] Taken together, the evidence shows that the amount of aluminum from vaccines is very unlikely to increase the circulating aluminum levels in plasma so as to be a concern, while the amount of aluminum crossing the BBB is too low to represent a concern. Therefore, the claim that aluminum from vaccines is responsible for neurotoxicity (and therefore neurological diseases) is near-impossible. | 2020-05-30 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_163_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_163 | https://science.feedback.org/review/vaccines-do-not-cause-neurological-damage-aluminum-levels-in-vaccines-are-safe-collective-evolution/ | Aluminum in vaccines causes neurological damage and autism | Arjun Walia, Facebook users | 2020-02-19 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22099159/ | Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are serious multisystem developmental disorders and an urgent global public health concern. Dysfunctional immunity and impaired brain function are core deficits in ASD. Aluminum (Al), the most commonly used vaccine adjuvant, is a demonstrated neurotoxin and a strong immune stimulator. Hence, adjuvant Al has the potential to induce neuroimmune disorders. When assessing adjuvant toxicity in children, two key points ought to be considered: (i) children should not be viewed as "small adults" as their unique physiology makes them much more vulnerable to toxic insults; and (ii) if exposure to Al from only few vaccines can lead to cognitive impairment and autoimmunity in adults, is it unreasonable to question whether the current pediatric schedules, often containing 18 Al adjuvanted vaccines, are safe for children? By applying Hill's criteria for establishing causality between exposure and outcome we investigated whether exposure to Al from vaccines could be contributing to the rise in ASD prevalence in the Western world. | 2017-12-01 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_163_ret_bn_g3 | sciencefeedback_163 | https://science.feedback.org/review/vaccines-do-not-cause-neurological-damage-aluminum-levels-in-vaccines-are-safe-collective-evolution/ | Aluminum in vaccines causes neurological damage and autism | Arjun Walia, Facebook users | 2020-02-19 | https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4614-4788-7_89 | Impaired brain function, excessive inflammation, and autoimmune manifestations are common in autism. Aluminum (Al), the most commonly used vaccine adjuvant, is a demonstrated neurotoxin and a strong immune stimulator. Hence, adjuvant Al has the necessary properties to induce neuroimmune disorders. Because peripheral immune stimuli in the postnatal period can compromise brain development and cause permanent neurological impairments, the possibility that such outcomes could also occur with administration of Al vaccine adjuvants needs to be considered. In regard to the risk of adjuvant toxicity in children, the following should be noted: (i) children should not be viewed as "small adults" as their unique physiology makes them more vulnerable to toxic insults; (ii) in adult humans Al adjuvants can cause a variety of serious autoimmune and inflammatory conditions including those affecting the brain, yet children are routinely exposed to much higher amounts of Al from vaccines than adults; (iii) compelling evidence has underscored the tight connection between the development of the immune system and that of the brain. Thus, it appears plausible that disruptions of critical events in immune development may also play a role in the establishment of neurobehavioral disorders; (iv) the same immune system components that play key roles in brain development appear to be targeted for impairment by Al adjuvants. In summary, research data suggests that vaccines containing Al may be a contributing etiological factor in the increasing incidence of autism. [...] Banks WA, Kastin AJ. Aluminum-induced neurotoxicity: alterations in membrane function at the blood-brain barrier. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1989;13(1):47–53. | 2017-07-22 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_163_ret_bn_g8 | sciencefeedback_163 | https://science.feedback.org/review/vaccines-do-not-cause-neurological-damage-aluminum-levels-in-vaccines-are-safe-collective-evolution/ | Aluminum in vaccines causes neurological damage and autism | Arjun Walia, Facebook users | 2020-02-19 | https://science.feedback.org/review/vaccines-do-not-cause-neurological-damage-aluminum-levels-in-vaccines-are-safe-collective-evolution/ | Vaccines do not cause neurological damage, aluminum levels in vaccines are safe Scientific evidence shows that vaccines are safe and not associated with autism. The amount of aluminum present in vaccines is very low, in fact much lower than the amount of aluminum in the diet of infants. Furthermore, the biologically active form of aluminum cannot cross the blood-brain barrier, hence it cannot cause damage to the brain or autism. [...] Several Facebook posts containing screenshots of Google search results purporting to show evidence linking aluminum in vaccines with neurological damage and autism were published in early March 2020. An article published by Collective Evolution in mid-February reported a similar claim made by Christopher Exley, professor of bioinorganic chemistry at Keele University, based on the findings of his study[1]. | 2020-03-24 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_164 | sciencefeedback_164 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-long-term-survival-of-polar-bears-is-threatened-by-loss-of-sea-ice-due-to-global-warming-new-study-confirms-henry-fountain/ | "Global warming is driving polar bears toward extinction" | Henry Fountain | 2020-07-27 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-long-term-survival-of-polar-bears-is-threatened-by-loss-of-sea-ice-due-to-global-warming-new-study-confirms-henry-fountain/ | Sea-ice loss due to global warming is the most important threat to long-term survival and reproduction of polar bears. Under a high greenhouse gas emissions scenario, all but a few polar bear subpopulations are at risk of extinction by 2100. In the moderate greenhouse gas emissions scenario, some polar bear subpopulations could persist through the century. | 2020-07-27 | True | true | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_164_ret_bn_g12 | sciencefeedback_164 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-long-term-survival-of-polar-bears-is-threatened-by-loss-of-sea-ice-due-to-global-warming-new-study-confirms-henry-fountain/ | "Global warming is driving polar bears toward extinction" | Henry Fountain | 2020-07-27 | https://www.climatecentral.org/news/congress-targets-species-act-climate-benefits-21224 | Often photographed clinging to Arctic ice floes as its habitat melts away into warming waters, the polar bear is the poster child for U.S. efforts to save wildlife on the brink of extinction using the Endangered Species Act. [...] When the George W. Bush administration listed the polar bear as threatened in 2008, it helped raise public awareness about the connection between global warming and the plight of iconic wildlife. But the Bush administration stipulated that the listing could not be used to regulate the greenhouse gas emissions that are causing the polar bear’s habitat to melt away. "The polar bear was the first species protected under the Endangered Species Act solely because of threats from global warming," said Shaye Wolf, climate science director for the Center for Biological Diversity, an environmental group. "The listing not only raised public awareness that climate change is already driving vulnerable species like the polar bear toward extinction, but also forced the Bush administration to adopt the consensus view of the world’s scientists on global warming." | 2017-03-06 | True | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_164_ret_bn_g16 | sciencefeedback_164 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-long-term-survival-of-polar-bears-is-threatened-by-loss-of-sea-ice-due-to-global-warming-new-study-confirms-henry-fountain/ | "Global warming is driving polar bears toward extinction" | Henry Fountain | 2020-07-27 | https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/news/press_releases/2011/7-billion-10-28-2011.html | Polar bear: A polar bear is fit to swim 100 miles for food, in search of mates or, more recently, just some ice to stand on. With five inches of blubber keeping this enormous bear prepared for subzero temperatures, the largest member of the bear family has adapted to remarkable Arctic conditions. The fat stored in a polar bear carcass becomes essential food for other Arctic species, like the Arctic fox. However, the extreme impacts that human-caused climate change has had on the Arctic is pushing the polar bear closer to extinction. [...] Listed as a "threatened" species in 2008, polar bears are rapidly losing the sea ice they use to hunt, mate and raise their young. Polar bear numbers increased following the establishment of hunting regulations in the 1970s and today stand at 20,000 to 25,000. However, the rapid decline of Arctic sea ice because of global warming has reversed this trend, and currently at least five of the 19 polar bear populations are declining. The U.S. Geological Survey predicts that under current greenhouse gas emission trends, two-thirds of the world’s polar bears, including all those in Alaska, will likely disappear by 2050. | 2011-10-28 | True | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_164_ret_bn_g8 | sciencefeedback_164 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-long-term-survival-of-polar-bears-is-threatened-by-loss-of-sea-ice-due-to-global-warming-new-study-confirms-henry-fountain/ | "Global warming is driving polar bears toward extinction" | Henry Fountain | 2020-07-27 | https://news.abs-cbn.com/overseas/07/21/20/global-warming-is-driving-polar-bears-toward-extinction | Global warming is driving polar bears toward extinction | ABS-CBN News | 2020-07-20 | True | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_165_ret_bn_g1 | sciencefeedback_165 | https://science.feedback.org/review/childhood-vaccine-ingredients-safe-amount-present-vaccines-cells-animal-products-viruses-arent-part-ingredients/ | Childhood vaccines contain “mixed up toxins” including formaldehyde, aluminum, aborted fetal DNA, fetal bovine serum, monkey kidney cells, mercury, pig circoviruses | Social media user | 2024-03-03 | https://www.factcheck.org/2023/10/scicheck-flu-vaccine-ingredients-are-safe-contrary-to-a-misleading-meme/ | "There is no vaccine that includes everything on this list," Dr. Kawsar R. Talaat, associate professor of international health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, told us in a phone interview. "I think that they have gathered these ingredients and use different names for them in order to scare people as much as possible." [...] Anyone can check the Johns Hopkins database or consult the package inserts to see that none of the current flu vaccines contains ethanol, aluminum dye or aluminum, any type of acetone, "monkey kidney cells" or Vero cells, "fetal cow serum" or bovine serum, barium, E. coli, "cow muscle tissue," "DNA from pig circoviruses (PCV)", "embryonic guinea pig cells," human albumin (a protein naturally made in the liver), "Mueller’s media (containing cow extracts)," or dextrose (a type of sugar), as the meme incorrectly claims. [...] Vaccines may also contain some leftover products from the manufacturing process. As explained by CHOP’s Vaccine Education Center, since the ingredients of the vaccine come from biological systems, it’s sometimes impossible to completely remove substances used during the process. Although most of the time the amounts that remain in the vials are insignificant, the substances still need to be listed. | 2023-10-12 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_165_ret_bn_g17 | sciencefeedback_165 | https://science.feedback.org/review/childhood-vaccine-ingredients-safe-amount-present-vaccines-cells-animal-products-viruses-arent-part-ingredients/ | Childhood vaccines contain “mixed up toxins” including formaldehyde, aluminum, aborted fetal DNA, fetal bovine serum, monkey kidney cells, mercury, pig circoviruses | Social media user | 2024-03-03 | https://www.idpservice.org/removing-children-from-school | ◾African Green Monkey Kidney Cells - Can carry the SV-40 cancer-causing virus that has already tainted about 30 million Americans. [...] ◾DNA from porcine (pig) Circovirus type-1 ◾Human embryonic lung cell cultures (from aborted fetuses) ✳You can view all of these ingredients on the CDCs website. I encourage everyone to do their own research. Look up the MSDS on these chemicals. Read the thousands of peer reviewed studies that have evaluated the biological consequences these chemicals can have on the body, especially when being injected. | 1999-02-25 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_165_ret_bn_g2 | sciencefeedback_165 | https://science.feedback.org/review/childhood-vaccine-ingredients-safe-amount-present-vaccines-cells-animal-products-viruses-arent-part-ingredients/ | Childhood vaccines contain “mixed up toxins” including formaldehyde, aluminum, aborted fetal DNA, fetal bovine serum, monkey kidney cells, mercury, pig circoviruses | Social media user | 2024-03-03 | https://science.feedback.org/reviewed-content-author/social-media-user/ | Misleading Health Posted on: 2024-05-07 Vaccines don’t contain cells or tissues of aborted fetuses Claim: Some vaccines "incorporate aborted fetal tissue" Source: Facebook, Social media user, 2024-04-23 [...] Inaccurate Health Posted on: 2024-03-07 Childhood vaccine ingredients are safe in the amount present in vaccines; cells, animal products, and viruses aren’t part of these ingredients Claim: Childhood vaccines contain "mixed up toxins" including formaldehyde, aluminum, aborted fetal DNA, fetal bovine serum, monkey kidney cells, mercury, pig circoviruses Source: Instagram, Social media user, 2024-03-03 | 2024-09-19 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_17 | sciencefeedback_17 | https://science.feedback.org/review/sodium-chloride-corn-gluten-meal-arent-hazardous-humans-even-though-used-as-mouse-poison/ | Salt and corn gluten meal are used to kill mice, they are hazardous to humans | Michelle Jorgensen | 2024-06-29 | https://science.feedback.org/review/sodium-chloride-corn-gluten-meal-arent-hazardous-humans-even-though-used-as-mouse-poison/ | Some rodenticides contain sodium chloride—table salt—and corn gluten meal. This combination forms a thick plug that physically obstructs the airway of rodents. Because rodents are anatomically unable to vomit, this leads to suffocation and death. These rodenticides aren’t hazardous to other animals and humans, who are physiologically different from rodents. Humans can safely eat processed food containing sodium chloride and corn-derived products, as long as they are part of a balanced diet. | 2024-06-29 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_17_ret_b0_gn | sciencefeedback_17 | https://science.feedback.org/review/sodium-chloride-corn-gluten-meal-arent-hazardous-humans-even-though-used-as-mouse-poison/ | Salt and corn gluten meal are used to kill mice, they are hazardous to humans | Michelle Jorgensen | 2024-06-29 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/sodium-chloride-corn-gluten-meal-arent-hazardous-humans-even-though-used-as-mouse-poison/ | FULL CLAIM: Salt and corn gluten meal are used to kill mice, they are hazardous to humans; "ALL of the ingredients in this mouse poison are found in our every day food. If it’s killing mice…what is it doing to your body?" In late June 2024, dentist and wellness YouTuber Michelle Jorgensen claimed in a Facebook reel that "a lot of processed food that [people] are eating has the same exact ingredients as mice poison". She implied that salt and corn-containing processed food is hazardous to humans based on the fact that some rodenticides use the same ingredients to kill mice and rats. [...] In summary, while table salt and corn gluten meal are used in rodenticides, this doesn’t mean that they’re toxic to humans. Both ingredients are lethal to rodents because they form a thick plug that physically obstructs the airway of rodents. Since rodents are unable to vomit, this obstruction leads to suffocation and death. However, this mechanism doesn’t occur in humans. It’s safe for humans to consume salt and corn-derived products as part of a balanced diet. | 2024-07-09 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_17_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_17 | https://science.feedback.org/review/sodium-chloride-corn-gluten-meal-arent-hazardous-humans-even-though-used-as-mouse-poison/ | Salt and corn gluten meal are used to kill mice, they are hazardous to humans | Michelle Jorgensen | 2024-06-29 | https://science.feedback.org/review/sodium-chloride-corn-gluten-meal-arent-hazardous-humans-even-though-used-as-mouse-poison/ | Sodium chloride and corn gluten meal aren’t hazardous to humans, even though they are used as mouse poison [...] Misleading: The reel cited the fact that salt and corn gluten meal are both present in mouse poison and some processed food to imply that this food is hazardous to humans. However, this claim overlooks the fact that these ingredients are hazardous to rodents but not to humans or other animals because their bodies work differently. [...] In summary, while table salt and corn gluten meal are used in rodenticides, this doesn’t mean that they’re toxic to humans. Both ingredients are lethal to rodents because they form a thick plug that physically obstructs the airway of rodents. Since rodents are unable to vomit, this obstruction leads to suffocation and death. However, this mechanism doesn’t occur in humans. It’s safe for humans to consume salt and corn-derived products as part of a balanced diet. | 2024-07-09 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_17_ret_bn_g11 | sciencefeedback_17 | https://science.feedback.org/review/sodium-chloride-corn-gluten-meal-arent-hazardous-humans-even-though-used-as-mouse-poison/ | Salt and corn gluten meal are used to kill mice, they are hazardous to humans | Michelle Jorgensen | 2024-06-29 | https://ask2.extension.org/kb/faq.php?id=725929 | There are some products sold that claim to be safe for people and wildlife, but that kill rodents like rats and mice. One of these is corn gluten mea... [...] There are some products sold that claim to be safe for people and wildlife, but that kill rodents like rats and mice. One of these is corn gluten meal. But I am not finding any scientific evidence it kills mice; just anecdotal. In fact, I found a couple of science documents that said rats in labs are fed, in part, corn gluten!! [...] Is Corn Gluten Meal an effective (prove it) Rodenticide? | 2020-09-21 | False | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
sciencefeedback_171_ret_b2_gn | sciencefeedback_171 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-main-cause-of-death-in-covid-19-patients-is-respiratory-insufficiency-arising-from-viral-pneumonia-not-clotting-disorder-as-claimed-in-viral-social-media-posts | "Autopsies performed by the Italian pathologists [have] shown that [COVID-19] is not pneumonia but it is disseminated intravascular coagulation" | Chinonyerem Emmanuella, Facebook users | 2020-05-01 | https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2020/05/fact-check-disseminated-intravascular-coagulation-is-not-actual-covid19-cause-of-death-world-not-attacking-coronavirus-wrong.html | Autopsies performed by the Italian pathologists has shown that it is not pneumonia but it is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (Thrombosis) which ought to be fought with antibiotics, antivirals, anti-inflammatories and anticoagulants. [...] Hold on to your hats folks, read this and spread the word!This is the text of the article (now gone). Luckily, I found it with a friend and copied it.Autopsies Prove that COVID-19 is a Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (Pulmonary Thrombosis)Published on May 9, 2020Ted CotéIt is now clear that the whole world has been attacking the so-called Coronavirus Pandemic wrongly due to a serious pathophysiological diagnosis error.According to valuable information from Italian pathologists, ventilators and intensive care units were never needed.Autopsies performed by the Italian pathologists has shown that it is not pneumonia but it is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (Thrombosis) which ought to be fought with antibiotics, antivirals, anti-inflammatories and anticoagulants.If this is true for all cases, that means the whole world is about to resolve this novel pandemic earlier than expected.However, protocols are currently being changed in Italy who have been adversely affected by this pandemic.The impressive case of a Mexican family in the United States who claimed they were cured with a home remedy was documented: three 500 mg aspirins dissolved in lemon juice boiled with honey, taken hot. The next day they woke up as if nothing had happened to them! [...] The Facebook post claims that "Autopsies performed by the Italian pathologists has shown that it is not pneumonia but it is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (Thrombosis) which ought to be fought with antibiotics, antivirals, anti-inflammatories and anticoagulants." | 2021-04-27 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_171_ret_b3_gn | sciencefeedback_171 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-main-cause-of-death-in-covid-19-patients-is-respiratory-insufficiency-arising-from-viral-pneumonia-not-clotting-disorder-as-claimed-in-viral-social-media-posts | "Autopsies performed by the Italian pathologists [have] shown that [COVID-19] is not pneumonia but it is disseminated intravascular coagulation" | Chinonyerem Emmanuella, Facebook users | 2020-05-01 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/the-main-cause-of-death-in-covid-19-patients-is-respiratory-insufficiency-arising-from-viral-pneumonia-not-clotting-disorder-as-claimed-in-viral-social-media-posts/ | FULL CLAIM: "It is now clear that the whole world has been attacking the so-called coronavirus pandemic wrongly due to a serious pathophysiological diagnosis error. ... Autopsies performed by the Italian pathologists [have] shown that it is not pneumonia but it is disseminated intravascular coagulation (thrombosis) which ought to be fought with antibiotics, antivirals, anti-inflammatories and anticoagulants." The claim that autopsies in Italy prove that COVID-19 is not pneumonia but disseminated intravascular coagulation began circulating from mid-April 2020 onwards on various platforms such as Whatsapp, YouTube and Facebook in several languages such as Spanish, French, German, and more recently, English. English-language Facebook posts, based on a blog post making the same claim, went viral towards the end of May 2020, receiving more than 810,000 views to date. [...] Various versions of a message are being highly circulated across social media, which says that, according to Italian physicians, the virus SARS-CoV-2 is being "treated wrongly", as the cause of death in patients is not pneumonia but a "disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (thrombosis)". There has also been a highly circulated video attributed to the Honduran physician and neuropsychologist Daniel Davila Nolasco regarding the same claim. | 2020-05-30 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_171_ret_b6_gn | sciencefeedback_171 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-main-cause-of-death-in-covid-19-patients-is-respiratory-insufficiency-arising-from-viral-pneumonia-not-clotting-disorder-as-claimed-in-viral-social-media-posts | "Autopsies performed by the Italian pathologists [have] shown that [COVID-19] is not pneumonia but it is disseminated intravascular coagulation" | Chinonyerem Emmanuella, Facebook users | 2020-05-01 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32350596/ | The autopsy debate during the COVID-19 emergency: the Italian experience - PMID: 32350596 - PMCID: PMC7190281 - DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02828-2 The autopsy debate during the COVID-19 emergency: the Italian experience [...] References - - Rapporto ISS COVID-19 n. 6/2020 - Procedura per l’esecuzione di riscontri diagnostici in pazienti deceduti con infezione da SARS-CoV-2. Versione del 23 marzo 2020. https://www.iss.it/documents/20126/0/Rapporto+COVID-19+n.+6_2020+Autopsi.... Accessed 8 April 2020 - - Infezione respiratoria da COVID-19 DOCUMENTO SU AUTOPSIA E RISCONTRO DIAGNOSTICO"prodotto da COMLAS e SIAPEC-IAP. https://www.siapec.it/public/uploads/archiviodocumenti/PRD%20COVID-19-9%.... Accessed 8 April 2020 - - Fineschi V et al (2020) Management of the corpse with suspect, probable or confirmed COVID-19 respiratory infection – Italian interim recommendations for personnel potentially exposed to material from corpses, including body fluids, in morgue structures and during autopsy practice. Pathologica. 10.32074/1591-951X-13-20 - PMC - PubMed - - Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang C, Liu S, Zhao P, Liu H, Zhu L, Tai Y, Bai C, Gao T, Song J, Xia P, Dong J, Zhao J, Wang FS. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(4):420–422. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X. - DOI - PMC - PubMed - - Indicazioni emergenziali connesse ad epidemia COVID-19 riguardanti il settore funebre, cimiteriale e di cremazione. Ministero della Salute-Direzione Generale Della Prevenzione Sanitaria. Ufficio 4 - 0011285-01/04/2020-DGPRE-DGPRE-P. http://www.trovanorme.salute.gov.it/norme/renderNormsanPdf?anno=2020&cod.... Accessed 8 April 2020 | 2020-04-08 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_171_ret_bn_g8 | sciencefeedback_171 | https://science.feedback.org/review/the-main-cause-of-death-in-covid-19-patients-is-respiratory-insufficiency-arising-from-viral-pneumonia-not-clotting-disorder-as-claimed-in-viral-social-media-posts | "Autopsies performed by the Italian pathologists [have] shown that [COVID-19] is not pneumonia but it is disseminated intravascular coagulation" | Chinonyerem Emmanuella, Facebook users | 2020-05-01 | https://thejh.org/index.php/jh/article/view/636/458 | Tang et al [7] described the outcome of 183 patients admitted to the Tongji Hospital in Wuhan with RNA detection confirmed 2019-nCoV pneumonia. The authors observed that disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a frequent occurrence in worsening of COVID-19 pneumonia. Coagulation abnormalities and marked increase of D-dimer were often associated with increased mortality or concomitant severe thromboembolic complications. Surprisingly, the authors noted that in the Chinese population, the prevalence of thromboembolic events was particularly elevated among patients with severe lung failure. Similar prevalence was observed by Cui et al in 81 patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs), where the prevalence of major thromboembolism was around 25% [8]. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin (UFH) at prophylactic doses are associated with a reduced 28-day mortality in more severe COVID-19 patients [9], displaying a sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) score ≥ 4 (40.0% vs. 64.2%, P = 0.029) or D-dimer levels more than six-fold the upper limit of normal (32.8% vs. 52.4%, P = 0.017). Comparably, but slightly higher records of thromboembolic complications (up to about 30%) were observed in Italian patients admitted in ICU (unpublished data). [...] COVID-19 produces a sort of DIC which is usually characterized by hypercoagulability. The exact pathogenetic mechanism of COVID-19-related DIC is unclear, although inflammatory drive and cytokine release may be responsible for the observed coagulation impairment leading to thromboembolic complications. IL-6 may stimulate up-regulation of fibrinogen synthesis by the liver and the virus may bind directly to endothelial cells causing alveolar damage. | 2020-04-23 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_173 | sciencefeedback_173 | https://science.feedback.org/review/video-blank-covid19-vaccine-insert-falsely-implies-no-safety-data-vaccines/ | Blank COVID-19 vaccine safety inserts show there are no safety and effectiveness studies for these vaccines | Social media users | 2023-08-03 | https://science.feedback.org/review/video-blank-covid19-vaccine-insert-falsely-implies-no-safety-data-vaccines/ | COVID-19 vaccines went through clinical trials to determine their effectiveness and safety before they were authorized for use. The Nuremberg Code is a set of ten principles defining legitimate medical research. However, the Code doesn’t apply to medical interventions that were already tested in clinical trials and shown to be safe and effective, like the COVID-19 vaccines. | 2023-08-03 | False | true | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_173_ret_b0_gn | sciencefeedback_173 | https://science.feedback.org/review/video-blank-covid19-vaccine-insert-falsely-implies-no-safety-data-vaccines/ | Blank COVID-19 vaccine safety inserts show there are no safety and effectiveness studies for these vaccines | Social media users | 2023-08-03 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/video-blank-covid19-vaccine-insert-falsely-implies-no-safety-data-vaccines/ | A Facebook reel posted on 3 August 2023 showed a person speaking to a CVS pharmacist, asking for COVID-19 vaccine inserts. Upon finding a blank sheet of paper except for text indicating the paper was left "intentionally blank", the person asked "How is it informed consent when all of the […] placebo safety studies are not listed from their manufacturer?" and claimed that it showed people "don’t know what we’re injecting into ourselves". [...] Inaccurate to claim there’s no safety and effectiveness studies on COVID-19 vaccines [...] Earlier fact-checks by Reuters and AFP reported that blank COVID-19 vaccine inserts aren’t evidence that there aren’t any safety or effectiveness studies about the vaccines. FDA spokesperson Alison Hunt told AFP that information for approved vaccines is provided in package inserts. But in the case of the authorized vaccines, the information was communicated via patient Fact Sheets that were posted on the FDA website. | 2023-08-11 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_173_ret_b4_gn | sciencefeedback_173 | https://science.feedback.org/review/video-blank-covid19-vaccine-insert-falsely-implies-no-safety-data-vaccines/ | Blank COVID-19 vaccine safety inserts show there are no safety and effectiveness studies for these vaccines | Social media users | 2023-08-03 | https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-vaccines-safety | There are strict precautions in place to help ensure the safety of all COVID-19 vaccines. Before receiving validation from WHO and national regulatory agencies for emergency use, COVID-19 vaccines must undergo rigorous testing in clinical trials to prove that they meet internationally agreed benchmarks for safety and efficacy. [...] The vaccines must be proven safe and effective in large Phase III clinical trials. Some COVID-19 vaccine candidates have already completed their Phase III trials and are being used globally, and many other vaccine candidates are being developed and are still in the trial phase. [...] As with any vaccine, it is essential to closely monitor the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines that are used in immunization programmes. If a serious health problem is reported following vaccination, a thorough investigation should take place by the public health programme in the country. | 2022-01-24 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_173_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_173 | https://science.feedback.org/review/video-blank-covid19-vaccine-insert-falsely-implies-no-safety-data-vaccines/ | Blank COVID-19 vaccine safety inserts show there are no safety and effectiveness studies for these vaccines | Social media users | 2023-08-03 | https://science.feedback.org/review/video-blank-covid19-vaccine-insert-falsely-implies-no-safety-data-vaccines/ | Video about blank COVID-19 vaccine insert falsely implies there are no safety data for COVID-19 vaccines [...] Inaccurate to claim there’s no safety and effectiveness studies on COVID-19 vaccines [...] Earlier fact-checks by Reuters and AFP reported that blank COVID-19 vaccine inserts aren’t evidence that there aren’t any safety or effectiveness studies about the vaccines. FDA spokesperson Alison Hunt told AFP that information for approved vaccines is provided in package inserts. But in the case of the authorized vaccines, the information was communicated via patient Fact Sheets that were posted on the FDA website. | 2023-08-11 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_174 | sciencefeedback_174 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-of-no-us-warming-since-2005-is-directly-contradicted-by-the-data-it-is-based-on/ | the U.S. Climate Reference Network[...] finds there has been no warming for the past 14 years at least | James Taylor, John Hinderaker | 2019-06-09 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-of-no-us-warming-since-2005-is-directly-contradicted-by-the-data-it-is-based-on/ | This article highlights a particular dataset of surface temperature stations in the United States that it says differs from standard datasets, but in reality they match quite closely. Most importantly, the data presented in the article do exhibit a warming trend, making the article's claim simply false. | 2019-06-09 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_174_ret_b10_gn | sciencefeedback_174 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-of-no-us-warming-since-2005-is-directly-contradicted-by-the-data-it-is-based-on/ | the U.S. Climate Reference Network[...] finds there has been no warming for the past 14 years at least | James Taylor, John Hinderaker | 2019-06-09 | https://www.climate.gov/news-features/climate-qa/why-did-earths-surface-temperature-stop-rising-past-decade | Using the data that were available at the time (through 2012), the last climate report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that there had been no statistically significant increase in global surface temperature from 1998-2012. [...] The most likely explanation for the lack of significant warming at the Earth’s surface in the past decade or so is that natural climate cycles—a series of La Niña events and a negative phase of the lesser-known Pacific Decadal Oscillation—caused shifts in ocean circulation patterns that moved some excess heat into the deep ocean. Even so, recent years have been some of the warmest on record, and scientists expect temperatures will swing back up soon. [...] Just because the global surface temperature has not risen significantly in the past decade doesn't mean the Earth's heat energy imbalance has vanished, though. Excess heat energy trapped by greenhouses gases can have more than one fate in the Earth system; among other things, it can cause water to evaporate, it can melt ice, and it can be mixed into the deep ocean by overturning currents. | 2018-09-01 | False | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_174_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_174 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-of-no-us-warming-since-2005-is-directly-contradicted-by-the-data-it-is-based-on/ | the U.S. Climate Reference Network[...] finds there has been no warming for the past 14 years at least | James Taylor, John Hinderaker | 2019-06-09 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-of-no-us-warming-since-2005-is-directly-contradicted-by-the-data-it-is-based-on/ | Factually Inaccurate: It is simply false to claim that the data show no warming over that time period. There is a warming trend. Flawed Reasoning: Even if the US experienced a flat temperature change for 14 years, this would not prove that global warming isn't occurring. The US only covers a small portion of the planet, and a 14-year period is too short to reliably indicate long-term trends over short-term variability. [...] Since it achieved nationwide coverage at the start of 2005, the warming rate (trend) in USCRN annual temperatures is 0.86°F per decade, with uncertainties ranging from -0.58°F to 2.31°F per decade. By contrast, the historical NOAA ClimDiv dataset only shows 0.64°F (ranging from -0.80°F to 2.07°F) per decade. As this is a relatively short time period and only covers around 2% of the surface of the Earth, we shouldn’t read too much into these numbers as an indication of longer-term changes, but we can say that USCRN data is completely consistent with the long-term warming trend, and suggestions that the USCRN "finds there has been no warming for the past 14 years at least" are categorically false. | 2019-09-06 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_174_ret_bn_g9 | sciencefeedback_174 | https://science.feedback.org/review/claim-of-no-us-warming-since-2005-is-directly-contradicted-by-the-data-it-is-based-on/ | the U.S. Climate Reference Network[...] finds there has been no warming for the past 14 years at least | James Taylor, John Hinderaker | 2019-06-09 | http://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-incoming-sunlight | On the whole, these and other studies find consistent results. While the Sun's influence is detectable in Earth's temperature records, the global-scale warming influence of human-produced greenhouse gases is likely to be far stronger than even a very strong Grand Solar Minimum. [...] For the past million years at least, Milankovitch cycles have coincided with 100,000-year-long ice ages punctuated by short intervals of rapid warming. Although there are pieces of the puzzle experts still don’t understand, the key climate influence seems to be changes in the amount of incoming sunlight, or insolation, reaching the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere during the summer. The Northern Hemisphere is key to the ice ages because massive ice sheets can only grow over land, not ocean, and most of Earth’s land area has been concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere for at least tens of millions of years. | 2009-09-01 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_175_ret_b0_gn | sciencefeedback_175 | https://science.feedback.org/review/stephane-bancel-ceo-moderna-didnt-say-moderna-was-producing-covid-19-mrna-vaccines-2019/ | Moderna was already producing COVID-19 vaccines before the beginning of the pandemic | Instagram users | 2023-02-09 | https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/moderna-ceo-davos-covid-vaccine/ | It is neither a "breaking" revelation nor an "admission" that Moderna was working on a vaccine for the newly discovered coronavirus variant (then called 2019-nCoV and later renamed SARS-CoV-2) in January 2020; both Moderna and the federal government issued myriad press releases at the time. Further, mRNA vaccines like the ones Moderna had been developing well before the COVID-19 pandemic had long been considered a possible pathway to a vaccine to stop a coronavirus-driven outbreak. [...] "Breaking," the viral tweet read, "Moderna CEO admits on live air at Davos they were making a COVID-19 vaccine in January of 2020 before SARS-CoV-2 even had a name." Davos refers to the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum — a meeting that occurs in January of each year and is a frequent target of conspiracy theorists. [...] Because it is not "breaking" news that Moderna had been working on a COVID-19 vaccine in January 2020, and because repeating publicly available information three years after its release does not constitute an "admission" of any kind, we rank this claim "False." | 2023-01-20 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_175_ret_b1_gn | sciencefeedback_175 | https://science.feedback.org/review/stephane-bancel-ceo-moderna-didnt-say-moderna-was-producing-covid-19-mrna-vaccines-2019/ | Moderna was already producing COVID-19 vaccines before the beginning of the pandemic | Instagram users | 2023-02-09 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/stephane-bancel-ceo-moderna-didnt-say-moderna-was-producing-covid-19-mrna-vaccines-2019/ | FULL CLAIM: Moderna was already producing COVID-19 vaccines before the beginning of the pandemic; its CEO, Stéphane Bancel, predicted the pandemic [...] Another iteration of that type of claim is that Stéphane Bancel, CEO of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine company Moderna, declared that Moderna was already producing 100,000 doses of COVID-19 vaccines in 2019, prior to the pandemic. This declaration would have occurred during a panel titled "The state of the pandemic" at the World Economic Forum in Davos on 18 January 2023. However, this is a misinterpretation of Bancel’s declaration, as we explain below. [...] Never did he specify that he was talking about COVID-19 vaccine doses. In fact, Bancel was commenting on the general Moderna manufacturing capacity in 2019 for any kind of vaccines. Moderna has been producing mRNA therapeutics since 2010 and was already working on mRNA vaccine candidates for other diseases in 2019. Moderna’s report to investors for the third quarter of 2019 shows that Moderna’s pipeline had at least three mRNA vaccine candidates, for Zika, RSV, and CMV. Furthermore, nowhere in the report is mentioned the development or production of mRNA vaccines for any coronavirus. | 2023-09-18 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_175_ret_b3_gn | sciencefeedback_175 | https://science.feedback.org/review/stephane-bancel-ceo-moderna-didnt-say-moderna-was-producing-covid-19-mrna-vaccines-2019/ | Moderna was already producing COVID-19 vaccines before the beginning of the pandemic | Instagram users | 2023-02-09 | https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2023/feb/17/instagram-posts/moderna-ceo-didnt-admit-company-produced-100000-co/ | An article published on the website News Punch on Feb. 10 said, "Moderna CEO Stéphane Bancel has been caught admitting to his friends at the World Economic Forum that his company produced 100,000 doses of Covid-19 vaccine doses in 2019 – before the pandemic started." [...] An article and Instagram posts claim Moderna CEO Stéphane Bancel said the company produced 100,000 doses of the COVID-19 vaccine before the pandemic. [...] Health Feedback, Moderna didn’t already produce COVID-19 mRNA vaccines before the pandemic; statement by CEO of Moderna misinterpreted, Feb. 14, 2023 | 2023-02-12 | False | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
sciencefeedback_175_ret_bn_g15 | sciencefeedback_175 | https://science.feedback.org/review/stephane-bancel-ceo-moderna-didnt-say-moderna-was-producing-covid-19-mrna-vaccines-2019/ | Moderna was already producing COVID-19 vaccines before the beginning of the pandemic | Instagram users | 2023-02-09 | https://covid19.nih.gov/news-and-stories/vaccine-development | The VRC worked with a company called Moderna to use this information to quickly customize their prototype approach to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. By early February, a COVID-19 vaccine candidate had been designed and manufactured. This vaccine is called mRNA-1273. By March 16, 2020, this vaccine had entered the first phase of clinical trials. Other vaccines, including a similar one from Pfizer and BioNTech SE, entered clinical trials not long after. On December 18, 2020, after demonstrating 94 percent efficacy, the NIH-Moderna vaccine was authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for emergency use. Just days earlier, the similar Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine had become the first COVID-19 vaccine to be authorized for use in the United States. [...] Moderna, Inc. (n.d.). Moderna’s Work on a COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate. Retrieved December 10, 2020, from https://www.modernatx.com/modernas-work-potential-vaccine-against-covid-19 | 2020-12-10 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_18 | sciencefeedback_18 | https://science.feedback.org/review/facebook-reel-correctly-claims-babies-under-six-months-shouldnt-drink-water/ | Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks | Social media user | 2024-01-07 | https://science.feedback.org/review/facebook-reel-correctly-claims-babies-under-six-months-shouldnt-drink-water/ | Breastfeeding is recommended by numerous health agencies for providing the necessary nutrition and antibodies to a growing infant. Water isn’t necessary for babies to drink, and giving it to them can lead to overhydration and health effects such as nutrition deficiency, electrolyte imbalances, and in severe cases, hyponatremia, a condition that can cause seizures, coma, and death. | 2024-01-07 | True | true | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_18_ret_b10_gn | sciencefeedback_18 | https://science.feedback.org/review/facebook-reel-correctly-claims-babies-under-six-months-shouldnt-drink-water/ | Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks | Social media user | 2024-01-07 | https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/facebook-reel-correctly-claims-babies-under-six-months-shouldnt-drink-water/ | FULL CLAIM: Giving water to babies under six months can result in health risks including water intoxication, electrolyte imbalance, reduced nutrient intake, water contamination, and hyponatremia A Facebook reel posted on 13 June 2024 claimed that giving water to babies under the age of six months can result in health risks, including reduced nutrient intake and infections from contaminated water. It also noted that "too much water can cause low sodium levels, leading to brain swelling, seizures, and even death". [...] Infants’ delicate physiology and developing systems aren’t equipped to handle consuming water. Breast milk and formula fulfill all of a baby’s nutritional needs prior to the age of six months. | 2024-07-01 | True | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_18_ret_b14_gn | sciencefeedback_18 | https://science.feedback.org/review/facebook-reel-correctly-claims-babies-under-six-months-shouldnt-drink-water/ | Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks | Social media user | 2024-01-07 | https://www.parents.com/when-can-babies-drink-water-7489348 | While water is necessary for adults, it's not so with infants. They get meet their fluids needs in other ways. David Berger, M.D. founder and owner of Wholistic Pediatrics & Family Care, and founder of Wholistic ReLeaf, says that drinking water even at 6 months of age, is not entirely necessary. "Babies get all of the fluid they need through breast milk or formula," he continues. So if your 6-month-old only has a sip of water at first, rest assured that breast milk and/or formula will be enough to stave off any thirst. Baby Feeding Chart: How Much Infants Eat in the First Year Why Shouldn't Babies Under 6 Months Drink Water? Giving infants water before 6 months can pose some risks. Most notably, if a baby "fills up" on water, it might impede their ability to receive adequate nutrients. "Giving water to them at this stage puts them at risk of consuming less breast milk or formula, thereby not receiving all the nutrients they provide," explains Dr. Johns. It's important to keep up with regular feedings of formula or breast milk so that babies can grow up healthily, with all the vitamins their body craves. | 2023-05-11 | True | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_18_ret_b2_g6 | sciencefeedback_18 | https://science.feedback.org/review/facebook-reel-correctly-claims-babies-under-six-months-shouldnt-drink-water/ | Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks | Social media user | 2024-01-07 | https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/03/01/fact-check-drinking-water-unsafe-babies-under-6-months-old/11375902002/ | Fact check: Giving water to babies is unsafe before 6 months, can lead to brain damage, death [...] "BABIES CANT HAVE WATER BEFORE 6 MONTHS," reads the post. "Please educate yourself before you harm your baby. Water dilutes the sodium levels in babies and can cause seizures, coma, brain damage or death." [...] Pediatricians told USA TODAY giving water to babies under 6 months old can be hazardous to their health because their kidneys can't process much water. They recommended the exclusive use of breast milk or formula for the first six months. | 2023-03-01 | True | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_18_ret_bn_g2 | sciencefeedback_18 | https://science.feedback.org/review/facebook-reel-correctly-claims-babies-under-six-months-shouldnt-drink-water/ | Babies under six months shouldn’t drink water as it can result in health risks | Social media user | 2024-01-07 | https://science.feedback.org/review/facebook-reel-correctly-claims-babies-under-six-months-shouldnt-drink-water/ | Facebook reel correctly claims that babies under six months shouldn’t drink water [...] Correct: Babies under the age of six months receive adequate hydration and nutrition through breast milk or formula. They don’t need to drink water, and doing so can in fact lead to health complications such as electrolyte and nutritional imbalances. A Facebook reel posted on 13 June 2024 claimed that giving water to babies under the age of six months can result in health risks, including reduced nutrient intake and infections from contaminated water. It also noted that "too much water can cause low sodium levels, leading to brain swelling, seizures, and even death". | 2024-07-01 | True | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_180 | sciencefeedback_180 | https://science.feedback.org/review/on-fox-news-patrick-michaels-falsely-claims-humans-are-only-responsible-for-half-of-global-warming/ | So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases | Patrick Michaels | 2019-09-07 | https://science.feedback.org/review/on-fox-news-patrick-michaels-falsely-claims-humans-are-only-responsible-for-half-of-global-warming/ | Multiple factors—some human-caused and some natural—combine to influence global temperatures. However, human activities were already causing warming in the first half of the 20th century, and are responsible for approximately 100% of the more-rapid warming taking place after 1950. Thus, humans are responsible for most of the warming since 1900. | 2019-09-07 | False | true | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_180_ret_bn_g12 | sciencefeedback_180 | https://science.feedback.org/review/on-fox-news-patrick-michaels-falsely-claims-humans-are-only-responsible-for-half-of-global-warming/ | So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases | Patrick Michaels | 2019-09-07 | https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions | Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions [...] Greenhouse gases trap heat and make the planet warmer. Human activities are responsible for almost all of the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere over the last 150 years.1 The largest source of greenhouse gas emissions from human activities in the United States is from burning fossil fuels for electricity, heat, and transportation. [...] There are a wide variety of industrial activities that cause greenhouse gas emissions, and many opportunities to reduce them. The table shown below provides some examples of opportunities for industry to reduce emissions. For a more comprehensive list, see Chapter 11 of the Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 1 | 2024-07-08 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_180_ret_bn_g8 | sciencefeedback_180 | https://science.feedback.org/review/on-fox-news-patrick-michaels-falsely-claims-humans-are-only-responsible-for-half-of-global-warming/ | So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases | Patrick Michaels | 2019-09-07 | https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming | How does this warming compare to previous changes in Earth’s climate? How can we be certain that human-released greenhouse gases are causing the warming? How much more will the Earth warm? How will Earth respond? Answering these questions is perhaps the most significant scientific challenge of our time. [...] Greenhouse gases are only part of the story when it comes to global warming. Changes to one part of the climate system can cause additional changes to the way the planet absorbs or reflects energy. These secondary changes are called climate feedbacks, and they could more than double the amount of warming caused by carbon dioxide alone. The primary feedbacks are due to snow and ice, water vapor, clouds, and the carbon cycle. [...] The largest feedback is water vapor. Water vapor is a strong greenhouse gas. In fact, because of its abundance in the atmosphere, water vapor causes about two-thirds of greenhouse warming, a key factor in keeping temperatures in the habitable range on Earth. But as temperatures warm, more water vapor evaporates from the surface into the atmosphere, where it can cause temperatures to climb further. | 2010-06-03 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_180_ret_bn_g9 | sciencefeedback_180 | https://science.feedback.org/review/on-fox-news-patrick-michaels-falsely-claims-humans-are-only-responsible-for-half-of-global-warming/ | So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases | Patrick Michaels | 2019-09-07 | https://science.nasa.gov/earth/climate-change/steamy-relationships-how-atmospheric-water-vapor-amplifies-earths-greenhouse-effect/ | Water vapor is Earth’s most abundant greenhouse gas. It’s responsible for about half of Earth’s greenhouse effect — the process that occurs when gases in Earth’s atmosphere trap the Sun’s heat. Greenhouse gases keep our planet livable. Without them, Earth’s surface temperature would be about 59 degrees Fahrenheit (33 degrees Celsius) colder. Water vapor is also a key part of Earth’s water cycle: the path that all water follows as it moves around Earth’s atmosphere, land, and ocean as liquid water, solid ice, and gaseous water vapor. [...] The greenhouse gases in the dry air in Earth’s atmosphere include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and chlorofluorocarbons. While making up around 0.05% of Earth’s total atmosphere, they play major roles in trapping Earth’s radiant heat from the Sun and keeping it from escaping into space. Each is driven directly by human activities. [...] Carbon dioxide is responsible for a third of the total warming of Earth’s climate due to human-produced greenhouse gases. Small increases in its concentration have major effects. A key reason is the length of time carbon dioxide remains in the atmosphere. | 2022-02-08 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_182 | sciencefeedback_182 | https://science.feedback.org/review/sea-level-rise-much-1-2-meters-3-3-6-6-feet-year-2100/ | Sea level rise could reach six or seven feet by the year 2100. | Justin Gillis | 2016-06-09 | https://science.feedback.org/review/sea-level-rise-much-1-2-meters-3-3-6-6-feet-year-2100/ | Continuing greenhouse gas emissions growth could result in a sea level rise of 0.5 meters (20 inches) to as much as 1 or 2 meters (3.3-6.6 feet) by the year 2100. | 2016-06-09 | True | true | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_182_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_182 | https://science.feedback.org/review/sea-level-rise-much-1-2-meters-3-3-6-6-feet-year-2100/ | Sea level rise could reach six or seven feet by the year 2100. | Justin Gillis | 2016-06-09 | https://science.feedback.org/review/sea-level-rise-much-1-2-meters-3-3-6-6-feet-year-2100/ | Sea level could rise by as much as 1 or 2 meters (3.3-6.6 feet) by the year 2100 Continuing greenhouse gas emissions growth could result in a sea level rise of 0.5 meters (20 inches) to as much as 1 or 2 meters (3.3-6.6 feet) by the year 2100. [...] Yes, I couldn’t agree more. I actually wrote a paper regarding a survey of sea-level scientists. The concluding statement was that most experts estimate a larger sea-level rise by AD 2100 than the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report AR5 projects: | 2016-09-06 | True | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
sciencefeedback_182_ret_bn_g15 | sciencefeedback_182 | https://science.feedback.org/review/sea-level-rise-much-1-2-meters-3-3-6-6-feet-year-2100/ | Sea level rise could reach six or seven feet by the year 2100. | Justin Gillis | 2016-06-09 | https://climatecenter.fsu.edu/topics/sea-level-rise | Global mean sea level rose rapidly following the last ice age approximately 20,000 years ago. However, the rate of sea level rise slowed and has been nearly stable over the last few thousand years. Since around 1900, global average sea level has risen by about 7-8 inches (Hayhoe et al. 2018, NCA4) and the rate of sea level rise has been accelerating in recent decades as ocean temperatures warm. Nearly half of this rise in sea levels has occurred since 1993, and the rate of global mean level rise since 1993 has been approximately 3.4 mm per year. It is virtually certain that global mean sea levels will continue to rise throughout the 21st century and beyond. [...] Projections in the relative sea level rise along the contiguous U.S. coastline range from 1.96 – 7.22 ft (0.6–2.2 m) by the year 2100 and 2.62 – 12.8 ft (0.8–3.9 m) by the year 2150, relative to sea levels in 2000. However, not all areas will experience the same amount, or rate, of sea level rise due to changes in local land and ocean heights. | 2015-07-09 | True | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_182_ret_bn_g16 | sciencefeedback_182 | https://science.feedback.org/review/sea-level-rise-much-1-2-meters-3-3-6-6-feet-year-2100/ | Sea level rise could reach six or seven feet by the year 2100. | Justin Gillis | 2016-06-09 | https://e360.yale.edu/features/how_high_will_seas_rise_get_ready_for_seven_feet | The message for the world’s leaders and decision makers is that sea level rise is real and is only going to get worse. Indeed, we make the case in our recent book, The Rising Sea, that governments and coastal managers should assume the inevitability of a seven-foot rise in sea level. This number is not a prediction. But we believe that seven feet is the most prudent, conservative long-term planning guideline for coastal cities and communities, especially for the siting of major infrastructure; a number of academic studies examining recent ice sheet dynamics have suggested that an increase of seven feet or more is not only possible, but likely. Certainly, no one should be expecting less than a three-foot rise in sea level this century. [...] Seeking to correct the IPCC’s failure to come up with a comprehensive forecast for sea level increase, a number of state panels and government committees have produced sea level rise predictions that include an examination of melting ice sheets. For example, sea level rise panels in Rhode Island and Miami-Dade County have concluded that a minimum of a three- to five-foot sea level rise should be anticipated by 2100. A California report assumes a possible 4.6-foot rise by 2100, while the Dutch assume a 2.5-foot rise by 2050 in the design of their tidal gates. | 2010-01-14 | True | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_184 | sciencefeedback_184 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid19-vaccines-dont-cause-leprosy-arent-responsible-leprosy-cases-florida/ | COVID-19 vaccines cause leprosy | Social media user | 2024-01-04 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid19-vaccines-dont-cause-leprosy-arent-responsible-leprosy-cases-florida/ | Leprosy is a disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. Most of the population is already immune to this infection due to natural immunity. It is a slowly progressing disease, with a low risk of transmission, that is curable with a six to twelve months multidrug therapies. | 2024-01-04 | False | true | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_184_ret_b16_gn | sciencefeedback_184 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid19-vaccines-dont-cause-leprosy-arent-responsible-leprosy-cases-florida/ | COVID-19 vaccines cause leprosy | Social media user | 2024-01-04 | https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/why-people-connecting-leprosy-florida-214435410.html | Many of the people posting about this shared an article from The Epoch Times, which The New York Times has called a "leading purveyor of right-wing misinformation." The headline on the article read, "Growing number of leprosy cases reported after COVID-19 vaccination," and the newspaper reported that researchers in the U.K. said two cases of leprosy could have been caused by the vaccine. Additionally, the article said, "At least 14 other cases of leprosy or a leprosy reaction within 14 days of COVID-19 vaccination have been reported in the literature, including eight in India." Under X’s new policy that allows readers to challenge controversial claims, a follow-up post was added that said, "COVID vaccines do not cause leprosy. The study does NOT show that COVID-19 vaccination causes leprosy, or reduces a person’s immunity and makes it easier to get leprosy. Study participants already had been infected with leprosy months or years before COVID-19 vaccinations." [...] It’s easy to see how people skimming headlines could make that association. Conduct an internet search for "leprosy" and "COVID vaccines" and you’ll find studies that have been published about how the vaccine could affect people who already have Hansen’s disease. | 2023-08-17 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_184_ret_b6_gn | sciencefeedback_184 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid19-vaccines-dont-cause-leprosy-arent-responsible-leprosy-cases-florida/ | COVID-19 vaccines cause leprosy | Social media user | 2024-01-04 | https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0011493&type=printable | COVID-19 vaccination and leprosy–A UK hospital-based retrospective cohort study 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011493 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011493 2023-08-16 false 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011493 www.plosntds.org 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011493 2023-08-16 false www.plosntds.org endstream endobj 2 0 obj <> | 2023-08-16 | False | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
sciencefeedback_184_ret_bn_g4 | sciencefeedback_184 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid19-vaccines-dont-cause-leprosy-arent-responsible-leprosy-cases-florida/ | COVID-19 vaccines cause leprosy | Social media user | 2024-01-04 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid19-vaccines-dont-cause-leprosy-arent-responsible-leprosy-cases-florida/ | Incorrect: The increase in reported leprosy cases started before COVID-19 vaccines became available to the public. Thus, vaccination couldn’t have caused them. Inadequate support: Studies reporting a leprosy reaction in people recently vaccinated against COVID-19 don’t show that vaccines cause leprosy. In fact, leprosy reactions are inflammatory reactions occurring among people who were already infected with leprosy-causing bacteria before being vaccinated. A reel posted on Instagram in early January 2024 claimed that COVID-19 vaccines caused leprosy. The video mentioned a surge in leprosy cases in the U.S., where "none of the traditional risk factors are being found" and that medical journals had been establishing a correlation between COVID-19 vaccines and the surge in leprosy cases. The reel was viewed more than 30,000 times. [...] However, these reports don’t imply that the vaccine caused leprosy. Instead, the immune response to vaccination might increase the likelihood of leprosy reactions, which are inflammatory reactions in people already infected with M. leprae. Indeed, vaccination and infections caused by other pathogens have been identified before as possible risk factors for developing leprosy reactions[6,7]. Therefore, COVID-19 vaccines don’t cause leprosy; for the vaccine to trigger a leprosy reaction, the person needs to be already infected with M. leprae. | 2024-01-11 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_184_ret_bn_g6 | sciencefeedback_184 | https://science.feedback.org/review/covid19-vaccines-dont-cause-leprosy-arent-responsible-leprosy-cases-florida/ | COVID-19 vaccines cause leprosy | Social media user | 2024-01-04 | https://apnews.com/article/fact-check-florida-leprosy-cases-cdc-covid-vaccines-352032756100 | AP’S ASSESSMENT: False. The report being referenced, published in a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention journal, relied on data about leprosy cases that predated the COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccines can’t give people leprosy, a bacterial infection formally known as Hansen’s disease. Some researchers have explored whether the vaccines could prompt an immune response that causes complications or prompts the disease to surface in people already infected, though even that association isn’t clear. [...] "Vaccine safety surveillance systems at CDC have received no increased reports of leprosy after vaccination (including after COVID-19 vaccination)," the CDC’s Immunization Safety Office said in a statement to the AP. "These systems have also not identified any unusual or unexpected reporting patterns of leprosy after vaccination. No vaccine safety data to date support a potential link between COVID-19 vaccines and leprosy. CDC continues to recommend that everyone who is eligible should get vaccinated." Moreover, there’s no way COVID-19 vaccines could actually cause the underlying leprosy infection, said Dr. Jessica Fairley, an infectious disease doctor and Hansen’s disease expert at Emory University. Leprosy is caused by bacteria, she noted, and people live with it in their system for long periods before showing signs. | 2023-08-17 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_187 | sciencefeedback_187 | https://science.feedback.org/review/a-2008-study-co-authored-by-anthony-fauci-did-not-find-that-masks-caused-bacterial-pneumonia-contrary-to-viral-social-media-claim/ | “Most of the victims of the Spanish flu didn’t die from the Spanish flu. They died from bacterial pneumonia. And the bacterial pneumonia was caused by [...] wearing masks” | Anonymous | 2020-06-11 | https://science.feedback.org/review/a-2008-study-co-authored-by-anthony-fauci-did-not-find-that-masks-caused-bacterial-pneumonia-contrary-to-viral-social-media-claim/ | Scientific studies have associated flu with a higher risk of secondary infection with other viruses and bacteria. Face masks are effective at reducing the spread of viral respiratory infections like COVID-19 and the flu. Face masks are safe to use and not associated with an increased risk of bacterial pneumonia or other health problems. | 2020-06-11 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_187_ret_b16_gn | sciencefeedback_187 | https://science.feedback.org/review/a-2008-study-co-authored-by-anthony-fauci-did-not-find-that-masks-caused-bacterial-pneumonia-contrary-to-viral-social-media-claim/ | “Most of the victims of the Spanish flu didn’t die from the Spanish flu. They died from bacterial pneumonia. And the bacterial pneumonia was caused by [...] wearing masks” | Anonymous | 2020-06-11 | https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/140428-1918-flu-avian-swine-science-health-science | Scientists announced Monday that they may have solved one of history's biggest biomedical mysteries—why the deadly 1918 "Spanish flu" pandemic, which killed perhaps 50 million people worldwide, largely targeted healthy young adults. (Related: "How Flu Viruses Attack.") [...] Instead, people aged 18 to 29 died in droves during the outbreak, which killed about 1 in 200 of victims. [...] The overall message of the study is a hopeful one, say the researchers, because the bacterial pneumonia secondary to the 1918 flu that killed most of its victims is treatable with modern antibiotics. | 2014-04-29 | False | false | true | insufficient-supports |
sciencefeedback_187_ret_bn_g0 | sciencefeedback_187 | https://science.feedback.org/review/a-2008-study-co-authored-by-anthony-fauci-did-not-find-that-masks-caused-bacterial-pneumonia-contrary-to-viral-social-media-claim/ | “Most of the victims of the Spanish flu didn’t die from the Spanish flu. They died from bacterial pneumonia. And the bacterial pneumonia was caused by [...] wearing masks” | Anonymous | 2020-06-11 | https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/bacterial-pneumonia-caused-most-deaths-1918-influenza-pandemic | Bacterial Pneumonia Caused Most Deaths in 1918 Influenza Pandemic [...] The majority of deaths during the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 were not caused by the influenza virus acting alone, report researchers from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health. Instead, most victims succumbed to bacterial pneumonia following influenza virus infection. The pneumonia was caused when bacteria that normally inhabit the nose and throat invaded the lungs along a pathway created when the virus destroyed the cells that line the bronchial tubes and lungs. [...] The work presents complementary lines of evidence from the fields of pathology and history of medicine to support this conclusion. "The weight of evidence we examined from both historical and modern analyses of the 1918 influenza pandemic favors a scenario in which viral damage followed by bacterial pneumonia led to the vast majority of deaths," says co-author NIAID Director Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. "In essence, the virus landed the first blow while bacteria delivered the knockout punch." | 2015-09-22 | False | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
sciencefeedback_187_ret_bn_g1 | sciencefeedback_187 | https://science.feedback.org/review/a-2008-study-co-authored-by-anthony-fauci-did-not-find-that-masks-caused-bacterial-pneumonia-contrary-to-viral-social-media-claim/ | “Most of the victims of the Spanish flu didn’t die from the Spanish flu. They died from bacterial pneumonia. And the bacterial pneumonia was caused by [...] wearing masks” | Anonymous | 2020-06-11 | https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/11/12/fact-check-fauci-did-not-say-masks-contributed-spanish-flu-deaths/6061925002/ | The claim: A study co-authored by Dr. Anthony Fauci found Spanish flu victims died from pneumonia caused by mask-wearing. [...] "And the bacterial pneumonia was caused by... wait for it, wait for it... wearing masks." [...] We rate this claim FALSE because it is not supported by our research. Dr. Anthony Fauci and colleagues did write a 2008 paper determining victims of the 1918 Spanish flu died from bacterial pneumonia brought on by the flu. Masks are not mentioned anywhere, whether as source for the bacteria or otherwise. | 2020-11-12 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_199 | sciencefeedback_199 | https://science.feedback.org/review/lila-rose-claim-that-abortion-is-never-medically-necessary-is-inaccurate-it-is-necessary-in-certain-cases-to-preserve-mothers-life-young-america-foundation/ | Abortion is never medically necessary | Lila Rose | 2019-08-30 | https://science.feedback.org/review/lila-rose-claim-that-abortion-is-never-medically-necessary-is-inaccurate-it-is-necessary-in-certain-cases-to-preserve-mothers-life-young-america-foundation/ | Certain life-threatening conditions during pregnancy can make abortion medically necessary in order to save the mother’s life. Preserving both the life of the mother and child by inducing early delivery, as the video suggests, is only possible if the fetus’ gestational age is advanced enough that it stands a chance of survival outside the womb. As this is not always the case, early delivery is not always a suitable alternative to abortion. | 2019-08-30 | False | true | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_199_ret_b15_gn | sciencefeedback_199 | https://science.feedback.org/review/lila-rose-claim-that-abortion-is-never-medically-necessary-is-inaccurate-it-is-necessary-in-certain-cases-to-preserve-mothers-life-young-america-foundation/ | Abortion is never medically necessary | Lila Rose | 2019-08-30 | https://www.mediamatters.org/project-2025/numerous-project-2025-groups-have-falsely-claimed-abortions-are-never-medically | American Association of Pro-Life Obstetricians and Gynecologists has repeatedly and falsely stated on social media that "abortion is never medically necessary." It also filed an amicus curiae in the Dobbs case repeatedly stating that abortion is "never medically necessary." Additionally, AAPLOG’s Donna Harrison co-authored a February 2019 opinion piece claiming "the truth … is that there is no situation in which an abortion is medically necessary." [...] Family Research Council has repeatedly claimed that abortions are never medically necessary. In September 2022, it wrote on social media: "Abortion is never medically necessary to save the life of a mother." FRC’s publication The Washington Stand posted a September 2022 piece with the headline "3 Reasons Why Abortion Is Never Medically Necessary." And the organization’s program Washington Watch with Tony Perkins hosted AAPLOG’s Donna Harrison to purportedly explain "why an abortion is never medically necessary." [...] Students for Life of America has repeatedly stated that abortion is "never medically necessary" and has released videos with the title "Abortion is NEVER Medically Necessary." The group’s president, Kristan Hawkins, has also falsely claimed that abortion is "never medically necessary to save the life of the mother." | 2024-08-13 | False | false | true | refutes |
sciencefeedback_199_ret_bn_g1 | sciencefeedback_199 | https://science.feedback.org/review/lila-rose-claim-that-abortion-is-never-medically-necessary-is-inaccurate-it-is-necessary-in-certain-cases-to-preserve-mothers-life-young-america-foundation/ | Abortion is never medically necessary | Lila Rose | 2019-08-30 | https://prolifereplies.liveaction.org/medically-necessary/ | "Abortion can be medically necessary in the case of the life or health of the mother." Have you heard this argument before? It seems rational and compassionate, but the truth is that abortion is never medically necessary, even in cases to save the mother’s life. Neonatologist Dr. Kendra Kolb walks us through the different scenarios where abortion might be considered, but would never be an actual necessity. Read Transcript More Resources Next VideoIt is often said that abortion is sometimes medically necessary to protect the life or health of the mother. This is simply not true. [...] Abortion unnecessarily ends the lives of children and may also result in serious medical and psychological risks to women. A mother’s life is always of paramount importance, but abortion is never medically necessary to protect her life or health. | 2018-11-01 | False | false | true | supports |
sciencefeedback_199_ret_bn_g8 | sciencefeedback_199 | https://science.feedback.org/review/lila-rose-claim-that-abortion-is-never-medically-necessary-is-inaccurate-it-is-necessary-in-certain-cases-to-preserve-mothers-life-young-america-foundation/ | Abortion is never medically necessary | Lila Rose | 2019-08-30 | https://www.preciouslife.com/news/690/us-30000-doctors-say-abortion-is-never-medically-necessary-to-save-a-mothers-life/ | US: 30,000 Doctors say abortion is never medically necessary to save a mother's life Medical leaders representing more than 30,000 American doctors said intentionally killing an unborn baby in an abortion is never necessary to save a mother’s life. In a letter published at The Public Discourse, leaders of the American College of Paediatricians, American Association of Pro-Life Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and other medical groups explained their support of the Born Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act. [...] Abortion is never medically necessary under any circumstances. The medical leaders promoted perinatal hospice as a life-affirming, compassionate option for babies with life-limiting conditions, "Perinatal hospice provides optimal care for the mother, honours the life of her child and allows the family the opportunity to acknowledge, love, and mourn its newest member." | 2019-02-01 | False | false | true | supports |
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