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Produced by David Widger
PLAYS IN THE FOURTH SERIES
A BIT O' LOVE
By John Galsworthy
PERSONS OF THE PLAY
MICHAEL STRANGWAY
BEATRICE STRANGWAY
MRS. BRADMERE
JIM BERE
JACK CREMER
MRS. BURLACOMBE
BURLACOMBE
TRUSTAFORD
JARLAND
CLYST
FREMAN
GODLEIGH
SOL POTTER
MORSE, AND OTHERS
IVY BURLACOMBE
CONNIE TRUSTAFORD
GLADYS FREMAN
MERCY JARLAND
TIBBY JARLAND
BOBBIE JARLAND
SCENE: A VILLAGE OF THE WEST
The Action passes on Ascension Day.
ACT I. STRANGWAY'S rooms at BURLACOMBE'S. Morning.
ACT II. Evening
SCENE I. The Village Inn.
SCENE II. The same.
SCENE III. Outside the church.
ACT III. Evening
SCENE I. STRANGWAY'S rooms.
SCENE II. BURLACOMBE'S barn.
A BIT O' LOVE
ACT I
It is Ascension Day in a village of the West. In the low
panelled hall-sittingroom of the BURLACOMBE'S farmhouse on the
village green, MICHAEL STRANGWAY, a clerical collar round his
throat and a dark Norfolk jacket on his back, is playing the
flute before a very large framed photograph of a woman, which is
the only picture on the walls. His age is about thirty-five his
figure thin and very upright and his clean-shorn face thin,
upright, narrow, with long and rather pointed ears; his dark
hair is brushed in a coxcomb off his forehead. A faint smile
hovers about his lips that Nature has made rather full and he
has made thin, as though keeping a hard secret; but his bright
grey eyes, dark round the rim, look out and upwards almost as if
he were being crucified. There is something about the whole of
him that makes him seen not quite present. A gentle creature,
burnt within.
A low broad window above a window-seat forms the background to
his figure; and through its lattice panes are seen the outer
gate and yew-trees of a churchyard and the porch of a church,
bathed in May sunlight. The front door at right angles to the
window-seat, leads to the village green, and a door on the left
into the house.
It is the third movement of Veracini's violin sonata that
STRANGWAY plays. His back is turned to the door into the house,
and he does not hear when it is opened, and IVY BURLACOMBE, the
farmer's daughter, a girl of fourteen, small and quiet as a
mouse, comes in, a prayer-book in one hand, and in the other a
gloss of water, with wild orchis and a bit of deep pink
hawthorn. She sits down on the window-seat, and having opened
her book, sniffs at the flowers. Coming to the end of the
movement STRANGWAY stops, and looking up at the face on the
wall, heaves a long sigh.
IVY. [From the seat] I picked these for yu, Mr. Strangway.
STRANGWAY. [Turning with a start] Ah! Ivy. Thank you. [He puts
his flute down on a chair against the far wall] Where are the
others?
As he speaks, GLADYS FREMAN, a dark gipsyish girl, and CONNIE
TRUSTAFORD, a fair, stolid, blue-eyed Saxon, both about sixteen,
come in through the front door, behind which they have evidently
been listening. They too have prayer-books in their hands.
They sidle past Ivy, and also sit down under the window.
GLADYS. Mercy's comin', Mr. Strangway.
STRANGWAY. Good morning, Gladys; good morning, Connie.
He turns to a book-case on a table against the far wall, and
taking out a book, finds his place in it. While he stands thus
with his back to the girls, MERCY JARLAND comes in from the
green. She also is about sixteen, with fair hair and china-blue
eyes. She glides in quickly, hiding something behind her, and
sits down on the seat next the door. And at once there is a
whispering.
STRANGWAY. [Turning to them] Good morning, Mercy.
MERCY. Good morning, Mr. Strangway.
STRANGWAY. Now, yesterday I was telling you what our Lord's coming
meant to the world. I | 343.553802 |
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Produced by Alan Millar, David Moynihan, Charles Franks
and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team
THE ABB | 344.145666 |
2023-11-16 18:22:48.1436000 | 253 | 30 |
Produced by eagkw, Greg Bergquist and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
HUMAN LIFE
BY
S. S. KNIGHT
[Illustration]
NEW YORK
R. F. FENNO & COMPANY
18 EAST 17TH STREET
COPYRIGHT, 1910,
BY S. S. KNIGHT
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I. THE HABITAT OF MAN 9
II. THE LENGTH OF TIME DURING WHICH MAN HAS EXISTED 29
III. THE PHYSICAL LIMITATIONS OF EXISTENCE 56
IV. THE PURPOSE OF LIFE 76
V. KNOWLEDGE AND EDUCATION 99
VI. RELIGION AND ETHICS 120
VII. LOVE 156
VIII. PROBLEMS OF THE FUTURE 180
DEDICATION
This volume is dedicated to my Mother and my Wife--the two women whose
influence has most largely shaped my life, | 344.16364 |
2023-11-16 18:22:48.3064420 | 3,262 | 19 |
Produced by Greg Bergquist and The Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries)
[Illustration]
THE SURRENDER
OF SANTIAGO
AN ACCOUNT OF THE
HISTORIC SURRENDER OF SANTIAGO
TO GENERAL SHAFTER
JULY 17, 1898
BY FRANK NORRIS
SAN FRANCISCO
PAUL ELDER AND COMPANY
NINETEEN SEVENTEEN
Copyright, 1913, 1917
by Otis F. Wood
THE SURRENDER OF SANTIAGO
For two days we had been at the headquarters of the Second Brigade
(General McKibben's), so blissfully contented because at last we had a
real wooden and tiled roof over our heads that even the
tarantulas--Archibald shook two of them from his blanket in one
night--had no terrors for us.
The headquarters were in an abandoned country seat, a little six-roomed
villa, all on one floor, called the Hacienda San Pablo. To the left of
us along the crest of hills, in a mighty crescent that reached almost to
the sea, lay the army, panting from the effort of the first, second and
third days of the month, resting on its arms, its eyes to its sights,
Maxim, Hotchkiss and Krag-Jorgenson held ready, alert, watchful,
straining in the leash, waiting the expiration of the last truce that
had now been on for twenty-four hours.
That night we sat up very late on the porch of the hacienda, singing
"The Spanish Cavalier"--if you will recollect the words, singularly
appropriate--"The Star-Spangled Banner," and
'Tis a way we had at Caney, sir,
'Tis a way we had at Caney, sir,
'Tis a way we had at Caney, sir,
To drive the Dons away,
an adaptation by one of the General's aides, which had a great success.
Inside, the General himself lay on his spread blankets, his hands
clasped under his head, a pipe in his teeth, feebly applauding us at
intervals and trying to pretend that we sang out of tune. The night was
fine and very still. The wonderful Cuban fireflies, that are like little
electric lights gone somehow adrift, glowed and faded in the mango and
bamboo trees, and after a while a whip-poor-will began his lamentable
little plaint somewhere in the branches of the gorgeous vermilion
Flamboyana that overhung the hacienda.
The air was heavy with smells, smells that inevitable afternoon
downpours had distilled from the vast jungle of bush and vine and
thicket all up and down the valley. In Cuba everything, the very mud and
water, has a smell. After every rain, as soon as the red-hot sun is out
again, vegetation reeks and smokes and sweats, and these smells steam
off into the air all night, thick and stupefying, like the interior of a
cathedral after high mass.
The orderly who brought the despatch should have dashed up at a gallop,
clicked his spurs, saluted and begun with "The commanding General's
compliments, sir," et cetera. Instead, he dragged a very tired horse up
the trail, knee-deep in mud, brought to, standing with a gasp of relief,
and said, as he pushed his hat back from his forehead:
"Say, is here where General McKibben is?"
We stopped singing and took our feet down from the railing of the
veranda. In the room back of us we heard the General raise on an elbow
and tell his orderly to light a candle. The orderly went inside, drawing
a paper from his pocket, and the aides followed. Through the open window
we could plainly hear what followed, and see, too, for that matter, by
twisting a bit on our chairs.
The General had mislaid his eyeglasses and so passed the despatch to one
of his aides, saying: "I'll get you to read this for me, Nolan." On one
knee, and holding the despatch to the candle-light, Nolan read it aloud.
It began tamely enough with the usual military formulas, and the first
thirty words might have been part of any one of the many despatches the
General had been receiving during the last three days. And then "to
accompany the commanding General to a point midway between the Spanish
and American lines and there to receive the surrender of General Toral.
At noon, precisely, the American flag will be raised over the Governor's
Palace in the city of Santiago. A salute of twenty-one guns will be
fired from Captain Capron's battery. The regimental bands will play 'The
Star-Spangled Banner' and the troops will cheer. SHAFTER."
There was a silence. The aide returned the paper to the General and
straightened up, rubbing the dust from his knee. The General shifted his
pipe to the other corner of his mouth. The little green parrot who lived
in the premises trundled gravely across the brick floor, and for an
instant we all watched her with the intensest attention.
"Hum," muttered the General reflectively between his teeth. "Hum.
They've caved in. Well, you won't have to make that little
reconnaissance of yours down the railroad, after all, Mr. Nolan." And so
it was that we first heard of the surrender of Santiago de Cuba.
We were up betimes the next morning. By six o'clock the General had us
all astir and searching in our blanket rolls and haversacks for "any
kind of a black tie." It was an article none of us possessed, and the
General was more troubled over this lack of a black tie than the fact
that he had neither vest nor blouse to do honor to the city's
capitulation.
But we had our own troubles. The flag was to be raised over the city at
noon. Sometime during the morning the Spanish General would surrender to
the American. The General--our General--and his aides, as well as all
the division and brigade commanders, would ride out to be present at the
ceremony--but how about the correspondents?
Almost to a certainty they would be refused. Privileges extended to
journalists and magazine writers had been few and very far between
throughout the campaign. We would watch the affair through glasses from
some hilltop, two miles, or three maybe, to the rear. But for all that,
we saddled our horses and when the General and his staff started to ride
down to corps headquarters, fell in with the aides, and resolved to keep
up with the procession as far as our ingenuity and perseverance would
make possible.
It was early when we started and the heat had not yet begun to be
oppressive. All along and through the lines there were signs of the
greatest activity. Over night the men had been withdrawn from the
trenches and were pitching their shelter tents on the higher and drier
ground, and where our road crossed the road from Caney to Santiago we
came upon hundreds of refugees returning to the city whence they had
been driven a few days previous.
Headquarters had been moved a mile or two nearer the trenches during the
truce, and we found it occupying the site of General Wheeler's tent on
the battlefield of San Juan. The ground is high and open hereabouts,
and, as we came up we could see the general officers--each of them
accompanied by his staff--closing in from every side upon the same spot.
It was a great gathering. We had seen but few of these generals; most of
them had been but mere names, names that found place in a breathless
fragment of news shouted by an orderly galloping to or from the front.
But now they were all here: Wheeler, small, white-bearded and wiry;
Ludlow, who always contrived to appear better dressed than everyone
else, in his trim field uniform and white leggings; Randolph, with his
bull neck and fine, salient chin, perhaps the most soldierly-looking of
all, and others and others and others; Kent, Lawton, Wood, Chaffee,
Young, Roosevelt, and our own General, who, barring Wheeler, had perhaps
done more actual fighting in the course of his life than any three of
the others put together, yet who was like the man in Mr. Nye's song,
"without coat or vest," even without "any kind of a black tie."
Shafter himself sat under the fly of his tent, his inevitable pith
helmet on his head, a headgear he had worn ever since leaving the ship,
holding court as it were on this, his own particular day. In the field
below, the cavalry escort was forming, and aides, orderlies and
adjutants came and went at the top speed of their horses, just as the
military dramas had taught us to expect they should.
But, except ourselves, not a correspondent was in sight, and we were
very like to be ordered back at any moment. But the god descended from
the machine in the person of Captain McKittrick of the commanding
General's staff, and we were given an unqualified permission to fall in
so soon as the start should be made, provided only that we fell in at
the rear of any one of the generals' staffs.
But here a difficulty developed itself. The procession started almost
immediately, and when we fell in at the rear of one of the staffs we
found ourselves naturally at the head of the one immediately behind. It
was a time when, if ever, precedence and rank were of paramount
importance, and a brigadier-general does not take it kindly when two
rather forlorn-appearing men, wearing neither stripe nor shoulder strap,
and mounted upon an unkempt mule and a lamentable little white pony,
rank him out of his place when he is marching to receive an enemy's
surrender. As much was said to us, at first with military terseness, and
latterly, this proving of no effect, with cursings and blasphemies. Our
_deus ex machina_ was far ahead with General Shafter by this time, and
it was only our mule that saved us from ultimate discomfiture. He
belonged to a pack-train and his life had been spent in following close
upon the footsteps of the animal in front of him. He was a mule with one
idea; his universe collapsed, his cosmos came tumbling about his ears
the instant that it became impossible for him to follow in a train. It
was all one that Archibald tore and tugged at the bit, or roweled him
red. He could as easily have reined a locomotive from its track as to
have swerved the creature from its direct line of travel by so much as
an inch.
So what with this and with that, we worried along until just beyond the
line of our trenches, where the road broadened very considerably and we
could compromise by riding on the flanks of the column.
And an imposing column it was, nearly three hundred strong, and it
actually appeared as if one-half was made up of brigadier-generals,
major-generals, generals commanding divisions, staff officers and the
like. A mere colonel was hardly better than a private on that day. We
moved forward at a quick trot, General Shafter's pith helmet bobbing
briskly along on ahead. As we passed through our lines there was a smart
cheer or two from the men, and at one point a band was banging away at a
nimble Sousa quickstep as we trotted by.
We were now on what had been the debatable ground, as much the enemy's
as ours, and had not gone far before we were suddenly aware of a group
of Spanish horsemen over the hedge of cactus to the left of the road,
brightly dressed young fellows wearing the blue linen and red facings of
the _guarda civile_, who at the sight of us turned and dashed back
through the fields as though to give news of our approach. Then there
was a freshly macheted opening in the hedge; the column turned in,
advanced parallel with the road some hundred yards through a field of
standing grass and at last halted.
At once the place was alive with Spanish soldiery. They came forward to
meet us in very brave and gay attire. First a corps of trumpeters
sounded a pretty trumpet march. They blew defiantly, did these Spanish
trumpeters, and as loudly as ever they could, just to show us that they
were not afraid--that they did not care, not they, pooh! After these
came a small detachment of _guarda_, with arms, who watched the Yankee
soldiers with bovine intentness while they came to a halt and ordered
arms in front of our position.
Toral, the defeated General, came next. Suddenly it had become very
quiet. The trumpeters had ceased blowing, and the rattling accoutrements
of the moving troops had fallen still with the halt. The beaten General
came out into the open space ahead of his staff, and General Shafter
rode out to meet him, and they both removed their hats.
I cast a quick glance around the scene, at the Spaniards in their blue
linen uniforms, the red and lacquer of the _guarda civile_, the ordered
Mausers, the trumpeters resting their trumpets on their hips, at our own
array, McKibben in his black shirt, Ludlow in his white leggings, and
the rank and file of the escort, the bronzed, blue-trousered troopers,
erect and motionless upon their mounts. It was war, and it was
magnificent, seen there under the flash of a tropic sun with all that
welter of green to set it off, and there was a bigness about it so that
to be there seeing it at all, and, in a way, part of it, made you feel
that for that moment you were living larger and stronger than ever
before. It was Appomattox again, and Mexico and Yorktown. Tomorrow
nearly a hundred million people the world round would read of this
scene, and as many more, yet unborn, would read of it, but today you
could sit in your saddle on the back of your little white bronco and
view it as easily as a play.
Toral rode forward toward Shafter and, as I say, both uncovered. Toral
was well-looking, his face rather red from the sun and half hidden by a
fine gray mustache. He was a little bald and his forehead was high and
round. As the two Generals shook hands it was so still that the noise of
a man chopping wood in our lines nearly half a mile away was plainly
audible. Immediately at | 344.326482 |
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Produced by Avinash Kothare, Steve Schulze, Charles Franks
and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. This file
was produced from images generously made available by the
CWRU Preservation Department Digital Library
UMBRELLAS AND THEIR HISTORY
By William Sangster
"Munimen ad imbres."
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTORY
CHAPTER II.
THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE UMBRELLA
CHAPTER III.
THE UMBRELLA IN ENGLAND
CHAPTER IV.
THE STORY OF THE PARACHUTE
CHAPTER V.
UMBRELLA STORIES
CHAPTER VI.
THE REGENERATION OF THE UMBRELLA
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTORY.
Can it be possibly believed, by the present eminently practical
generation, that a busy people like the English, whose diversified
occupations so continually expose them to the chances and changes of
a proverbially fickle sky, had ever been ignorant of the blessings
bestowed on them by that dearest and truest friend in need and in
deed, the UMBRELLA? Can you, gentle reader, for instance, realise to
yourself the idea of a man not possessing such a convenience for
rainy weather?
Why so much unmerited ridicule should be poured upon the head (or
handle) of the devoted Umbrella, it is hard to say. What is there
comic in an Umbrella? Plain, useful, and unpretending, if any of
man's inventions ever deserved sincere regard, the Umbrella is, we
maintain, that invention. Only a few years back those who carried
Umbrellas were held to be legitimate butts. They were old fogies,
careful of their health, and so on; but now-a-days we are wiser.
Everybody has his Umbrella. It is both cheaper and better made than
of old; who, then, so poor he cannot afford one? To see a man going
out in the rain umbrella-less excites as much mirth as ever did the
sight of those who first--wiser than their generation--availed
themselves of this now universal shelter. Yet still a touch of the
amusing clings to the "Gamp," as it is sarcastically called. 'What
says Douglas Jerrold on the subject? "There are three things that no
man but a fool lends, or, having lent, is not in the most helpless
state of mental crassitude if he ever hopes to get back again. These
three things, my son, are--BOOKS, UMBRELLAS, and MONEY! I believe a
certain fiction of the law assumes a remedy to the borrower; but I
know of no case in which any man, being sufficiently dastard to
gibbet his reputation as plaintiff in such a suit, ever fairly
succeeded against the wholesome prejudices of society. Umbrellas may
be 'hedged about' by cobweb statutes; I will not swear it is not so;
there may exist laws that make such things property; but sure I am
that the hissing contempt, the loud-mouthed indignation of all
civilised society, 'would sibilate and roar at the bloodless poltroon
who should engage law on his side to obtain for him the restitution
of a--lent Umbrella!"
Strange to say, it is a fact, melancholy enough, but for all that
too true, that our forefathers, scarce seventy years agone, meekly
endured the pelting of the pitiless storm without that protection
vouchsafed to their descendants by a kind fate and talented
inventors. The fact is, the Umbrella forms one of the numerous
conveniences of life which seem indispensable to the present
generation, because just so long a time has passed since their
introduction, that the contrivances which, in some certain degree,
previously supplied their place, have passed into oblivion.
We feel the convenience we possess, without being always aware of
the gradations which intervened between it and the complete
inconvenience of being continually unsheltered from the rain, without
any kind friend from whom to seek the protection so ardently desired.
Fortunately a very simple process will enable the reader to realise
the fact in its full extent; he need only walk about in a pelting
shower for some hours without an Umbrella, or when the weight of a
cloak would be insupportable, and at the same time remember that
seventy years ago a luxury he can now purchase in almost every street,
was within the reach of but very few, while omnibuses and cabs were
unknown.
But, apart from considerations of comfort, we may safely claim very
much higher qualities as appertaining to the Umbrella. We may even
reckon it among the causes that have contributed to lengthen the
average of human life, and hold it a most effective agent in the
great increase which took place in the population of England between
the years 1750 and 1850 as compared with the previous century. The
Registrar-General, in his census-report, forgot to mention this fact,
but there appears to us not the slightest doubt that the introduction
of the Umbrella at the latter part of the former, and commencement of
the present century, must have greatly conduced to the improvement of
the public health, by preserving the bearer from the various and
numerous diseases superinduced by exposure to rain.
But perhaps we are a little harsh on our worthy ancestors; they may
have possessed some species of protection from the rain on which they
prided themselves as much as we do on our Umbrellas, and regarded the
new-fangled invention (as they no doubt termed it) as something
exceedingly absurd, coxcombical, and unnecessary; while we, who are
in possession of so many life-comforts of which those of the good old
times were supremely ignorant--among these we give the Umbrella
brevet rank--can afford to smile at such ebullitions as we have come
across in those books of the day we have consulted, and to which we
shall presently have an opportunity of referring.
We can happily estimate the value of such a friend as the Umbrella,
the silent companion of our walks abroad, a companion incomparably
superior to those slimy waterproof abominations so urgently
recommended to us, for, at the least, the Umbrella cannot be accused
of injuring, the health as _they_ have been, as it appears, with
very good reason. In fact, so long as the climate of England remains
as it is, so long will Umbrellas hold their ground in public esteem,
and we do not believe that the clerk of the weather will allow
himself to be bribed into any alteration, at least for trade
considerations.
Another remarkable proof of the utility of the Umbrella may be found
in the universality of its use. It has asserted its sway from Indus
to the Pole, and is to be met with in every possible variety, from
the Napoleon blue silk of the London exquisite, to the coarse red or
green cotton of the Turkish rayah. Throughout the Continent it forms
the peaceful armament of the peasant, and no more curious sight can
be imagined than the wide, uncovered market-place of some quaint old
German town during a heavy shower, when every industrial covers
himself or herself with the aegis of a portable tent, and a bright
array of brass ferrules and canopies of all conceivable hues which
cotton can be made to assume, without losing its one quality of "fast
colour," flash on the spectator's vision.
The advantages of the Umbrella being thus recognised, it must be
confessed that it has hitherto been treated in a most ungrateful and
step-motherly fashion. We fly to the Umbrella when the sky is
overcast--it affords us shelter in the hour of need--and the service
is forgotten as soon as the necessity is relieved. We make abominable
jokes upon the Umbrella; we borrow it without compunction from any
confiding friend, though with the full intention of never returning
it--in fact, it has often been a matter of surprise to us that any
one ever does buy an Umbrella, for where can the old Umbrellas go to?
Although that question has often been asked concerning the fate of
pins, the fact as regards the former, looking at their size, is more
curious--and yet, for all that, we treat it with shameful neglect, as
if ashamed of a crime we have committed and anxious to conceal the
evidences of our guilt.
Let us then strive to afford such reparation as in our power lies,
by giving a slight description of THE UMBRELLA AND ITS HISTORY,
making up for any deficiencies of our pen by the assistance of the
artist's pencil.
CHAPTER II.
THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE UMBRELLA.
The Umbrella is derived from a stately family, that of the Parasol,
the legitimate use of the Umbrella, though sufficiently obvious,
being almost ignored in those countries whence it derives its being,
since it was as a protection against the scorching heat of | 344.467776 |
2023-11-16 18:22:48.6677340 | 209 | 9 |
Produced by Michael Gray, Diocese of San Jose
LEO XIII, THE GREAT LEADER
By Rev. A. P. Doyle
Written in August 1903,
in _The Catholic World_, a monthly magazine,
on the occasion of the death of Pope Leo XIII.
[Portrait of Pope Leo XIII.]
_My course I've run of ninety lengthening years.
From Thee the gift. Crown them with endless bliss.
O hearken to Thy Leo's prayers and tears,
Lest useless they should prove, O grant him this._
Leo XIII.'s Message to the Twentieth Century:
The greatest misfortune is never to have known Jesus Christ. Christ is
the fountain-head of all good. Mankind can no more be saved without
His power than it can be redeemed without His mercy.
When Jesus Christ is absent human reason fails, being bereft of its
chief protection and light: and the very end is lost sight of for
which, under God's providence | 344.687774 |
2023-11-16 18:22:49.3006800 | 890 | 13 |
Produced by sp1nd, Charlie Howard, and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive)
Transcriber's note: Italic text is indicated by _underscores_; boldface
text is indicated by =equals signs=.
English Men of Action
MONK
[Illustration]
[Illustration: MONK
From a Miniature by SAMUEL COOPER in the Royal Collection at Windsor]
MONK
BY
JULIAN CORBETT
London
MACMILLAN AND CO.
AND NEW YORK
1889
_All rights reserved_
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
PAGE
DEVONSHIRE AND FOREIGN SERVICE 1
CHAPTER II
FOR KING AND PARLIAMENT 15
CHAPTER III
THE KING'S COMMISSION 33
CHAPTER IV
THE PARLIAMENT'S COMMISSION 46
CHAPTER V
THE TREATY WITH THE IRISH NATIONALISTS 56
CHAPTER VI
CROMWELL'S NEW LIEUTENANT 69
CHAPTER VII
GENERAL-AT-SEA 83
CHAPTER VIII
GOVERNOR OF SCOTLAND 95
CHAPTER IX
THE ABORTIVE PRONUNCIAMENTO 116
CHAPTER X
THE NEGLECTED QUANTITY 129
CHAPTER XI
THE BLOODLESS CAMPAIGN 144
CHAPTER XII
ON THE WINGS OF THE STORM 160
CHAPTER XIII
THE UNCROWNED KING 178
CHAPTER XIV
THE FATHER OF HIS COUNTRY 195
CHAPTER I
DEVONSHIRE AND FOREIGN SERVICE
In the middle of September, 1625, the great expedition by which
Charles the First and Buckingham meant to revenge themselves upon the
Spaniards for the ignominious failure of their escapade to Madrid was
still choking Plymouth harbour with disorder and confusion. Impatient
to renew the glories of Drake and Raleigh and Essex, the young King
went down in person to hasten its departure. Great receptions were
prepared for him at the principal points of his route, and bitter was
the disappointment at Exeter that he was not to visit the city. For
the plague was raging within its walls, and while holiday was kept
everywhere else, the shadow of death was upon the ancient capital of
the west.
Hardly, however, had the King passed them by when the citizens had
a new excitement of their own. The noise of a quarrel broke in upon
the gloom of the stricken city. Those within hearing ran to the spot
and found a sight worth seeing. For there in the light of day, under
the King's very nose, as it were, a stalwart young gentleman of about
sixteen years of age was thrashing the under-sheriff of Devonshire
within an inch of his life. With some difficulty, so furious was his
assault, the lad was dragged off his victim before grievous bodily harm
was done, and people began to inquire what it was all about.
Every one must have known young George Monk, who lived with his
grandfather, Sir George Smith, at Heavytree, close to Exeter. Sir
George Smith of Maydford was a great Exeter magnate, and his grandson
and godson George belonged to one of the best families in Devonshire,
and was connected with half the rest; and had they known how the
handsome boy was avenging the family honour in his own characteristic
way, they would certainly have sympathised with him for the scrape he
was in.
For the honour of the Monks of Potheridge in North Devon was a very
serious thing. There for seventeen generations the family had lived.
Ever since Henry the Third was King they had looked down from their
high-perched manor-house over the lovely valley of the Torridge just
where the river doubles upon itself in three majestic sweeps as though
it were loath to leave a spot | 345.32072 |
2023-11-16 18:22:49.4139360 | 364 | 31 |
Produced by Richard Tonsing, Odessa Paige Turner, TIA and
the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
http://www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from scanned
images of public domain material from the Google Print
project.)
[Illustration: FRONTISPIECE.
"THE END OF THE WAR."
A GRAPHIC RECORD.
One minute before the hour.
All guns firing.
Nov. 11, 1918. 11 A.M.
One minute after the hour.
All guns silent.
This is the last record by sound ranging of artillery activity
on the American front near the River Moselle. It is the
reproduction of a piece of recording tape as it issued
from an American sound-ranging apparatus when the hour of
11 o'clock on the morning of November 11, 1918, brought
the general order to cease firing, and the great war came
to an end. Six seconds of sound recording are shown. The
broken character of the records on the left indicates great
artillery activity; the lack of irregularities on the right
indicates almost complete cessation of firing, two breaks
in the second line probably being due to the exuberance
of a doughboy firing his pistol twice close to one of the
recording microphones on the front in celebration of the
dawn of peace. The two minutes on either side of the exact
armistice hour have been cut from the strip to emphasize
the contrast. Sound ranging was an important means of
locating the positions and calibers of enemy guns. A
description of these wonderful devices, which were a secret
with America and the Allies, is given | 345.433976 |
2023-11-16 18:22:49.4466720 | 2,750 | 6 |
Produced by David Widger from page images generously provided by the
Internet Archive
IN THE LEVANT.
By Charles Dudley Warner,
Twenty Fifth Impression
Boston: Houghton, Mifflin And Company
1876
TO WILLIAM D. HOWELLS THESE NOTES OF ORIENTAL TRAVEL ARE FRATERNALLY
INSCRIBED.
CONTENTS
PREFACE
IN THE LEVANT.
I.—FROM JAFFA TO JERUSALEM.
II.—JERUSALEM.
III.—HOLY PLACES OP THE HOLY CITY.
IV.—NEIGHBORHOODS OF JERUSALEM.
V.—GOING DOWN TO JERICHO.
VI.—BETHLEHEM AND MAR SABA.
VII.—THE FAIR OF MOSES; THE ARMENIAN PATRIARCH.
VIII.—DEPARTURE FROM JERUSALEM.
IX.—ALONG THE SYRIAN COAST.
X.—BEYROUT.—OVER THE LEBANON.
XI.—BA'ALBEK.
XII.—ON THE ROAD TO DAMASCUS.
XIII.—THE OLDEST OF CITIES.
XIV.—OTHER SIGHTS IN DAMASCUS.
XV.—SOME PRIVATE HOUSES.
XVI.—SOME SPECIMEN TRAVELLERS.
XVII.—INTO DAYLIGHT AGAIN.—AN EPISODE OF TURKISH JUSTICE.
XVIII.—CYPRUS.
XIX.—THROUGH SUMMER SEAS.—RHODES.
XX.—AMONG THE ÆGEAN ISLANDS.
XXI.—SMYRNA AND EPHESUS.
XII.—THE ADVENTURERS.
XXIII.—THROUGH THE DARDANELLES.
XIV.—CONSTANTINOPLE.
XXV.—THE SERAGLIO AND ST. SOPHIA, HIPPODROME, etc.
XXVI.—SAUNTERINGS ABOUT CONSTANTINOPLE.
XXVII.—FROM THE GOLDEN HORN TO THE ACROPOLIS.
XXVIII.—ATHENS.
XXIX.—ELEUSIS, PLATO'S ACADEME, ETC.
XXX.—THROUGH THE GULF OF CORINTH.
PREFACE
IN the winter and spring of 1875 the writer made the tour of Egypt and
the Levant. The first portion of the journey is described in a volume
published last summer, entitled “My Winter on the Nile, among Mummies
and Moslems”; the second in the following pages. The notes of the
journey were taken and the books were written before there were any
signs of the present Oriental disturbances, and the observations made
are therefore uncolored by any expectation of the existing state of
affairs. Signs enough were visible of a transition period, extraordinary
but hopeful; with the existence of poverty, oppression, superstition,
and ignorance were mingling Occidental and Christian influences, the
faint beginnings of a revival of learning and the stronger pulsations of
awakening commercial and industrial life. The best hope of this revival
was their, as it is now, in peace and not in war. C. D. W.
Hartford, November 10,1876.
IN THE LEVANT.
I.—FROM JAFFA TO JERUSALEM.
SINCE Jonah made his short and ignominious voyage along the Syrian
coast, mariners have had the same difficulty in getting ashore that
the sailors experienced who attempted to land the prophet; his tedious
though safe method of disembarking was not followed by later navigators,
and the landing at Jaffa has remained a vexatious and half the time an
impossible achievement.
The town lies upon the open sea and has no harbor. It is only in
favorable weather that vessels can anchor within a mile or so from
shore, and the Mediterranean steamboats often pass the port without
being able to land either freight or passengers, In the usual condition
of the sea the big fish would have found it difficult to discharge Jonah
without stranding itself, and it seems that it waited three days for the
favorable moment. The best chance for landing nowadays is in the early
morning, in that calm period when the winds and the waves alike await
the movements of the sun. It was at that hour, on the 5th of April,
1875, that we arrived from Port Said on the French steamboat Erymanthe.
The night had been pleasant and the sea tolerably smooth, but not to the
apprehensions of some of the passengers, who always declare that they
prefer, now, a real tempest to a deceitful groundswell. On a recent trip
a party had been prevented from landing, owing to the deliberation
of the ladies in making their toilet; by the time they had attired
themselves in a proper manner to appear in Southern Palestine, the
golden hour had slipped away, and they were able only to look upon the
land which their beauty and clothes would have adorned. None of us were
caught in a like delinquency. At the moment the anchor went down we
were bargaining with a villain to take us ashore, a bargain in which the
yeasty and waxingly uneasy sea gave the boatman all the advantage.
Our little company of four is guided by the philosopher and dragoman
Mohammed Abd-el-Atti, of Cairo, who has served us during the long voyage
of the Nile. He is assisted in his task by the Abyssinian boy Ahman
Abdallah, the brightest and most faithful of servants. In making his
first appearance in the Holy Land he has donned over his gay Oriental
costume a blue Frank coat, and set his fez back upon his head at an
angle exceeding the <DW72> of his forehead. His black face has an unusual
lustre, and his eyes dance with more than their ordinary merriment as he
points excitedly to the shore and cries, “Yâfa! Mist'r Dunham.”
The information is addressed to Madame, whom Ahman, utterly regardless
of sex, invariably addresses by the name of one of our travelling
companions on the Nile.
“Yes, marm; you see him, Yâfa,” interposed Abd-el-Atti; coming
forward with the air of brushing aside, as impertinent, the geographical
information of his subordinate; “not much, I tink, but him bery old.
Let us to go ashore.”
Jaffa, or Yâfa, or Joppa, must have been a well-established city, since
it had maritime dealings with Tarshish, in that remote period in which
the quaint story of Jonah is set,—a piece of Hebrew literature that
bears internal evidence of great antiquity in its extreme naivete.
Although the Canaanites did not come into Palestine till about 2400 b.
c., that is to say, about the time of the twelfth dynasty in Egypt, yet
there is a reasonable tradition that Jaffa existed before the deluge.
For ages it has been the chief Mediterranean port of great Jerusalem.
Here Solomon landed his Lebanon timber for the temple. The town swarmed
more than once with the Roman legions on their way to crush a Jewish
insurrection. It displayed the banner of the Saracen host a few years
after the Hegira. And, later, when the Crusaders erected the standard of
the cross on its walls, it was the dépôt of supplies which Venice and
Genoa and other rich cities contributed to the holy war. Great kingdoms
and conquerors have possessed it in turn, and for thousands of years
merchants have trusted their fortunes to its perilous roadstead. And
yet no one has ever thought it worth while to give it a harbor by the
construction of a mole, or a pier like that at Port Said. I should say
that the first requisite in the industrial, to say nothing of the moral,
regeneration of Palestine is a harbor at Jaffa.
The city is a cluster of irregular, flat-roofed houses, and looks from
the sea like a brown bowl turned bottom up; the roofs are terraces on
which the inhabitants can sleep on summer nights, and to which they
can ascend, out of the narrow, evil-smelling streets, to get a whiff of
sweet odor from the orange gardens which surround the town. The ordinary
pictures of Jaffa do it ample justice. The chief feature in the view is
the hundreds of clumsy feluccas tossing about in the aggravating waves,
diving endwise and dipping sidewise, guided a little by the long sweeps
of the sailors, but apparently the sport of the most uncertain billows.
A swarm of them, four or five deep, surrounds our vessel; they are
rising and falling in the most sickly motion, and dashing into each
other in the frantic efforts of their rowers to get near the gangway
ladder. One minute the boat nearest the stairs rises as if it would
mount into the ship, and the next it sinks below the steps into a
frightful gulf. The passengers watch the passing opportunity to jump
on board, as people dive into the “lift” of a hotel. Freight is
discharged into lighters that are equally frisky; and it is taken on and
off splashed with salt water and liable to a thousand accidents in the
violence of the transit.
Before the town stretches a line of rocks worn for ages, upon which the
surf is breaking and sending white jets into the air. It is through a
narrow opening in this that our boat is borne on the back of a great
wave, and we come into a strip of calmer water and approach the single
landing-stairs. These stairs are not so convenient as those of the
vessel we have just left, and two persons can scarcely pass on them. But
this is the only sea entrance to Jaffa; if the Jews attempt to return
and enter their ancient kingdom this way, it will take them a long time
to get in. A sea-wall fronts the town, fortified by a couple of rusty
cannon at one end, and the passage is through the one gate at the head
of these stairs.
It seems forever that we are kept waiting at the foot of this shaky
stairway. Two opposing currents are struggling to get up and down it:
excited travellers, porters with trunks and knapsacks, and dragomans who
appear to be pushing their way through simply to show their familiarity
with the country. It is a dangerous ascent for a delicate woman.
Somehow, as we wait at this gate where so many men of note have waited,
and look upon this sea-wall upon which have stood so many of the mighty
from Solomon to Origen, from Tiglath-Pileser to Richard Cour de Lion,
the historical figure which most pervades Jaffa is that of the whimsical
Jonah, whose connection with it was the slightest. There is no evidence
that he ever returned here. Josephus, who takes liberties with the
Hebrew Scriptures, says that a whale carried the fugitive into the
Euxine Sea, and there discharged him much nearer to Nineveh than he
would have been if he had kept with the conveyance in which he first
took passage and landed at Tarsus. Probably no one in Jaffa noticed the
little man as he slipped through this gate and took ship, and yet his
simple embarkation from the town has given it more notoriety than any
other event. Thanks to an enduring piece of literature, the unheroic
Jonah and his whale are better known than St. Jerome and his lion;
they are the earliest associates and Oriental acquaintances of all
well-brought-up children in Christendom. For myself, I confess that the
strictness of many a New England Sunday has been relieved by the perusal
of his unique adventure. He in a manner anticipated the use of the
monitors and other cigar-shaped submerged sea-vessels.
When we have struggled up the slippery stairs and come through the gate,
we wind about for some time in a narrow passage on the side of the sea,
and then cross through the city, still on foot. It is a rubbishy place;
the streets are steep and crooked; we pass through archways, we ascend
steps, we make unexpected turns; the shops are a little like bazaars,
but rather Italian than Oriental; we pass a pillared mosque and a Moslem
fountain; we come upon an ancient square, in the centre of which is a
round fountain with pillars and a canopy of stone, and close about it
are the bazaars of merchants. This old fountain is profusely sculptured
with Arabic inscriptions; the stones are worn and have taken the rich
tint of age, and the sunlight blends it into harmony with the gay stuffs
of the shops and the dark skins of the idlers on the pavement. We come | 345.466712 |
2023-11-16 18:22:49.5567690 | 4,947 | 14 |
Produced by Brian Coe, Harry Lamé and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive)
Transcriber’ Notes:
Text printed as blackletter, italics, underlined, or boldface have
been transcribed as ^text^, _text_, ~text~, and =text=, respectively.
Small capitals have been replaced by all capitals; ^{txt} represents
superscript text.
More Transcriber’s Notes and a list of changes made may be found at
the end of this document.
^The Daily Telegraph^
WAR BOOKS
THE FLEETS AT WAR
^The Daily Telegraph^
WAR BOOKS
CLOTH 1/- NET.
~VOL. I. (3rd Enormous Edition.)~
_HOW THE WAR BEGAN_
_By W. L. COURTNEY, LL.D., and J. M. KENNEDY_
Is Britain’s justification before the Bar of History.
~VOL. II.~
_THE FLEETS AT WAR_
_By ARCHIBALD HURD_,
The key book to the understanding of the NAVAL situation
~VOL. III.~
_THE CAMPAIGN OF SEDAN_
_By GEORGE HOOPER_
The key book to the MILITARY situation.
~VOL. IV.~
_THE CAMPAIGN ROUND
LIEGE_
¶ Describes in wonderful detail the heroic defence of Liege, and shows
how the gallant army of Belgium has upset and altered the whole plan
of advance as devised by the Kaiser and his War Council.
[Illustration: _Photo: Speaight, Ltd._
=ADMIRAL SIR JOHN JELLICOE.=
Supreme Admiral, British Home Fleet.]
THE FLEETS AT
WAR
BY
ARCHIBALD HURD
Author of “Command of the Sea,” “Naval Efficiency,” “German Sea Power:
Its Rise, Progress, and Economic Basis” (part author), etc.
HODDER AND STOUGHTON
LONDON NEW YORK TORONTO
MCMXIV
PREFACE
It is hoped that this volume will prove of permanent value as presenting
a conspectus of the great navies engaged in war when hostilities opened,
and in particular of the events of singular significance in the naval
contest between Great Britain and Germany which occurred in the years
immediately preceding the war.
Grateful acknowledgment is made to Mr. H. C. Bywater for valuable
assistance in preparing this volume.
A. H.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
INTRODUCTION--THE OPENING PHASE 9
I. THE RELATIVE STANDING OF THE BRITISH AND GERMAN FLEETS 49
II. THE BRITISH NAVY 54
III. THE GERMAN NAVY 101
IV. ADMIRAL JELLICOE 131
V. OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE BRITISH NAVY 137
VI. THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE GERMAN FLEET 141
VII. OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE FOREIGN NAVIES 147
VIII. GERMAN NAVAL BASES 151
IX. THE KIEL CANAL 161
X. THE GREAT FLEETS ENGAGED: TABULAR STATEMENT 168
[Illustration: Map of North Sea.]
INTRODUCTION
THE OPENING PHASE
PEACEFUL VICTORIES OF BRITISH SEA POWER
The declaration of war against Germany, followed as it was by similar
action against Austria-Hungary, was preceded by a sequence of events so
remarkable in their character that if any British writer had made any
such forecast in times of peace he would have been written down as a
romantic optimist.
Owing to a series of fortunate circumstances, the British Fleet--our
main line of defence and offence--was fully mobilised for war on the
morning before the day--August 4th at 11 p.m.--when war was declared by
this country, and we were enabled to enter upon the supreme contest in
our history with a sense of confidence which was communicated to all the
peoples of the British Empire. This feeling of assurance and courage
furnished the best possible augury for the future.
Within a fortnight of diplomatic relations being broken off with
Germany, and less than a week after Austria-Hungary by her acts had
declared her community of interest with her ally, the British Navy,
without firing a gun or sending a single torpedo hissing through the
water, had achieved four victories.
(1) Germany’s elaborate scheme to produce a feeling of panic in this
country--hence the army of spies, who took advantage of our open
hospitality, using the telephone and providing themselves with bombs
and arms, had failed.
(2) Germany’s over-sea commerce was strangled.
(3) British trade on the seas began to resume its normal course owing
to the growing confidence of shipowners and shippers.
(4) The British Expeditionary Force, as detailed for foreign service,
had been transported to the Continent under a guarantee of safety
given by the British Fleet.
These successes were due to the influence of sea-power. Confidence in
the Navy, its ships and men, and a belief in the competency of Mr.
Winston Churchill and Prince Louis of Battenberg and the other Sea
Lords, and the War Staff, steadied the nerve of the nation when it
received the first shock. Apparently the crisis developed so swiftly
that there was no time for effective co-operation between the German
spies. All the mischievous stories of British reverses which were
clumsily put in circulation in the early period of hostilities were
tracked down; for once truth was nearly as swift as rumour, though the
latter was the result of an elaborately organised scheme for throwing
the British people off their mental balance. It was conjectured that if
a feeling of panic could be created in this country, a frightened nation
would bring pressure to bear on the naval and military authorities and
our strategic plans ashore and afloat would be interfered with. A
democracy in a state of panic cannot make war. The carefully-laid scheme
miscarried. Never was a nation more self-possessed. It had faith in its
Fleet.
In the history of sea power, there is nothing comparable with the
strangulation of German oversea shipping in all the seas of the world.
It followed almost instantly on the declaration of war. There were over
2,000 German steamers, of nearly 5,000,000 tons gross, afloat when
hostilities opened. The German sailing ships--mostly of small
size--numbered 2,700. These vessels were distributed over the seas far
and wide. Some--scores of them, in fact--were captured, others ran for
neutral ports, the sailings of others were cancelled, and the heart of
the German mercantile navy suddenly stopped beating. What must have been
the feelings of Herr Ballin and the other pioneers as they contemplated
the ruin, at least temporary ruin, of years of splendid enterprise? The
strategical advantages enjoyed by England in a war against Germany,
lying as she does like a bunker across Germany’s approach to the oversea
world, had never been understood by the mass of Germans, nor by their
statesmen. Shipowners had some conception of what would happen, but even
they did not anticipate that in less than a week the great engine of
commercial activity oversea would be brought to a standstill.
By its prompt action on the eve of war in instituting a system of
Government insurance of war risks, Mr. Asquith’s administration checked
any indication of panic among those responsible for our sea affairs. The
maintenance of our oversea commerce on the outbreak of hostilities had
been the subject of enquiry by a sub-committee of the Committee of
Imperial Defence. When war was inevitable, the Government produced this
report, and relying on our sea power, immediately carried into effect
the far-reaching and statesmanlike recommendations which had been made,
for the State itself bearing 80 per cent. of the cost of insurance of
hull and cargoes due to capture by the enemies. Thus at the moment of
severest strain--the outbreak of war--traders recognised that in
carrying on their normal trading operations overseas they had behind
them the wholehearted support of the British Government, the power of a
supreme fleet, and the guarantee of all the accumulated wealth of the
richest country in the world. None of the dismal forebodings which had
been indulged in during peace were realised. Traders were convinced by
the drastic action of the Government and by the ubiquitous pressure of
British sea power on all the trade routes that, though some losses might
be suffered owing to the action of German cruisers and converted
merchantmen, the danger was of so restricted a character and had been so
admirably covered by the Government’s insurance scheme that they could
“carry on” in calm courage and thus contribute to the success of British
arms. Navies and armies must accept defeat if they have not behind them
a civil population freed from fear of starvation.
Even more remarkable, perhaps, than either of these victories of British
sea power was the safe transportation to the Continent of the
Expeditionary Force as detailed for foreign service. Within a fortnight
of the declaration of war, while we had suffered from no threat of
invasion or even of such raids on the coast as had been considered
probable incidents in the early stage of war, the spearhead of the
British Army had been thrust into the Continent of Europe.
It is often the obvious which passes without recognition. The official
intelligence that the Expeditionary Force had reached the Continent
fired the imagination of Englishmen, and they felt no little pride that
at so early a stage in the war the British Army--the only long-service
army in the world--should have been able to take its stand beside the
devoted defenders of France and Belgium.
It is, of course, obvious that the army of an island kingdom cannot
leave its base except it receive a guarantee of safe transport from the
Navy. The British Army, whether it fights in India, in Egypt, or in
South Africa, must always be carried on the back of the British Navy.
If during the years of peaceful dalliance and fearful anticipation it
had been suggested that, in face of an unconquered German fleet, we
could throw an immense body of men on the Continent, and complete the
operation within ten days or so from the declaration of war, the
statement would have been regarded as a gross exaggeration. This was the
amazing achievement. It reflected credit on the military machinery; but
let it not be forgotten that all the labours of the General Staff at the
War Office would have been of no avail unless, on the day before the
declaration of war, the whole mobilised Navy had been able to take the
sea in defence of British interests afloat.
We do well not to ignore these obvious facts, because they are
fundamental. The Navy must always be the lifeline of the Expeditionary
Force, ensuring to it reinforcements, stores, and everything necessary
to enable it to carry out its high purpose. That the Admiralty, with the
approval of Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, felt itself justified in giving
the military authorities a certificate of safe transport before the
command of the sea had been secured indicated high confidence that when
the German fleet did come forth to accept battle the issue would be in
no doubt, though victory might have to be purchased at a high price.
Nor was this all. Thanks to the ubiquitous operations of the British
Navy, the Government was able to move two divisions of troops from
India, and to accept all the offers of military aid which were
immediately made by the Dominions. It was realised in a flash by all
the scattered people of the Empire that the Fleet, with its tentacles in
every sea, maintains the Empire in unity: when “the earth was full of
anger,” the seas were full of British ships of war.
[Illustration]
_H.M.S. King George V._
_Photo: Cribb, Southsea._
=KING GEORGE V CLASS.=
KING GEORGE V, CENTURION, AUDACIOUS, AJAX.
Displacement: 23,000 tons.
Speed: 22 knots; Guns: 10 13·5in., 16 4in.; Torpedo tubes: 5.
[Illustration]
Astern fire: Broadside: Ahead fire:
4 13·5in. 10 13·5in. 4 13·5in.
It was in these circumstances that the war opened. Every incident tended
to remind the people of the British Isles and the subjects of the King
who live in the far-flung Dominions and those who reside in the
scattered Crown Colonies and Dependencies of the essential truth
contained in the phrases which had come so trippingly to the lips in
days of peace. Men recognised that the statement of our dependence upon
the sea as set forth in the Articles of War was a declaration of policy
which we had done well not to ignore:
“It is upon the Navy that, under the good Providence of God, the
wealth, prosperity and peace of these islands and of the Empire do
mainly depend.”
How true these words rang when, in defence of our honour, we had to take
up the gage thrown down by the Power which claimed supremacy as a
military Power and aspired to primacy as a naval Power. Those who turned
to Mr. Arnold White’s admirable monograph on “The Navy and Its Story,”
must admit that this writer, in picturesque phrase, had set forth
fundamental facts:
“Since the first mariner risked his life in a canoe and travelled
coastwise for his pleasure or his business, Britain has acquired half
the seaborne traffic of the world. She relies on her Navy to fill the
grocer’s shop, to bring flour and corn to our great cities and to keep
any possible enemy at a distance. So successfully has the British Navy
done its work that many generations of Englishmen have grown up
without hearing the sound of a gun fired in anger. Every other nation
in Europe has heard the tramp of foreign soldiery in the lifetime of
men still living and felt the pain and shame of invasion.
“Five times in the history of England the British Navy has stood
between the would-be master of Europe and the attainment of his
ambition. Charlemagne, Charles V., Philip II. of Spain, Louis XIV. of
France, and Napoleon--all aspired to universal dominion. Each of these
Sovereigns in turn was checked in his soaring plans by British sea
power.”
When the British peoples awoke to the fact that they owed it to
themselves and their past to join in humbling another tyrant, they
gained confidence in the task which confronted them from the glorious
record of the past achievements of those who, relying upon command of
the sea, had crushed in the dust the mightiest rulers that had ever
tried to impose their yoke on humanity.
[Illustration]
_H.M.S. Orion._
_Photo: Sport & General._
=ORION CLASS.=
ORION, CONQUEROR, MONARCH, THUNDERER.
Displacement: 22,500 tons.
Speed: 22 knots; Guns: 10 13·5in., 16 4in.; Torpedo tubes: 3.
[Illustration]
Astern fire: Broadside: Ahead fire:
4 13·5in. 10 13·5in. 4 13·5in.
In a spirit of calmness, patience and courage the British people took up
the task which their sense of honour forced upon them all
unwillingly. Glancing back over the record of naval progress during the
earlier years of the twentieth century we cannot fail to recognise that,
in spite of many cross currents and eddies of public opinion, fate had
been preparing the British peoples, all unconsciously, for the
arbitrament of a war on the issue of which would depend all the
interests, tangible and intangible, of the four hundred and forty
million subjects of the King--their freedom, their rights to self
government, their world-wide trade, and that atmosphere which
distinguishes the British Empire from every other empire which has ever
existed. In the years of peace men had often asked themselves whether a
new crisis would produce the men of destiny to defend the traditions we
had inherited from our forefathers. While peace still reigned, they
little realised that the men of destiny were quietly, but persistently,
working out our salvation. When the hour struck England was fully
prepared, confident in her sea power, to take up the gage in defence of
all the democracies of the world against the tyrant Power which sought
to impose the iron caste of militarism and materialism upon nations that
had outgrown mediæval conditions.
If we would realise the bearing of British naval policy in the years
which preceded the outbreak of war, we shall do well to cast aside all
party bias and personal animosities and study the sequence of events
after the manner of the historian who collates the material to his hand,
analyses it without fear or favour, and sets down his conclusions in
all faithfulness. Pursuing this course we are carried back to the year
1897. Since the German Emperor had ascended the throne in 1888, he had
endeavoured to communicate to his subjects the essential truths as to
the influence of sea power upon history which he had read in Admiral
Mahan’s early books. His educational campaign was a failure. In spite of
all the efforts of Admiral von Hollmann, the Minister of Marine, the
Reichstag refused to vote increased supplies to the Navy. At last, when
he had been finally repulsed, first by the Budget Committee and then by
the Reichstag itself, Admiral von Hollmann retired admitting defeat.
The Emperor found a successor in a naval officer who, then unknown, was
in a few years to change radically the opinion of Germans on the value
of a fleet. Born on March 19th, 1849, at Custrin, and the son of a
judge, Alfred Tirpitz became a naval cadet in 1865, and was afterwards
at the Naval Academy from 1874 to 1876. He subsequently devoted much
attention to the torpedo branch of the service, and was mainly
responsible for the torpedo organisation and the tactical use of
torpedoes in the German Navy--a work which British officers regard with
admiration.[1] Subsequently he became Inspector of her Torpedo Service,
and was the first Flotilla Chief of the Torpedo Flotillas. Later he was
appointed Chief of the Staff at the naval station in the Baltic and of
the Supreme Command of the German Fleet. During these earlier years of
his sea career, Admiral Tirpitz made several long voyages. He is
regarded as an eminent tactician, and is the author of the rules for
German naval tactics as now in use in the Navy. In 1895 he was promoted
to the rank of Rear-Admiral, and became Vice-Admiral in 1899. In 1896
and 1897 he commanded the cruiser squadron in East Asia, and immediately
after became Secretary of State of the Imperial Navy Office. In the
following year he was made a Minister of State and Naval Secretary, and
in 1901 received the hereditary rank of nobility, entitling him to the
use of the honorific prefix “Von.”
[1] German Sea Power: Its Rise, Progress and Economic Basis, by
Archibald Hurd and Henry Castle (London: John Murray 1913).
With the advent of this sailor-statesman to the Marineamt, the whole
course of German naval policy changed, and in 1898 the first German Navy
Act was passed authorising a navy on a standard which far exceeded
anything hitherto attained. It provided for the following ships:
THE BATTLE FLEET
19 battleships (2 as material reserve).
8 armoured coast defence vessels.
6 large cruisers.
16 small cruisers.
FOREIGN SERVICE FLEET
LARGE CRUISERS
For East Africa 2
For Central and South America 1
Material reserve 3
--
Total 6
SMALL CRUISERS
For East Asia 3
For Central and South America 3
For East Africa 2
For the South Seas 2
Material reserve 4
--
Total 14
1 Station ship.
This dramatic departure in German naval policy aroused hardly a ripple
of interest in England. Then occurred the South African War, the seizure
of the “Bundesrat,” and other incidents which were utilised by the
German Emperor, the Marine Minister, and the official Press Bureau, with
its wide extending agencies for inflaming public opinion throughout the
German Empire against the British Navy. The ground having been well
prepared, in 1900 the naval measure of 1898, which was to have covered
a period of six years, was superseded by another Navy Act, practically
doubling the establishment of ships and men. This is not the time, nor
does space permit, to trace the evolution of German naval policy during
subsequent years or to analyse the successive Navy Acts which were
passed as political circumstances favoured further expansion. The
story--and it is a fascinating narrative in the light of after
events--may be read elsewhere. The fact to be noted is that the British
peoples generally viewed the early indications of German naval policy
without suspicion or distrust. Most men found it impossible to believe
that any Power could hope to challenge the naval supremacy which had
been won at such great sacrifice at the Battle of Trafalgar, and which
the British people had continued to enjoy virtually without challenge
throughout the nineteenth century.
Happily, the hour when preparations had to be made, if made at all, to
maintain in face of any rivalry our sea command, produced the man. In
the autumn of 1901 Lord Selborne, then First Lord of the Admiralty, paid
a special visit | 345.576809 |
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TOLSTOI FOR THE YOUNG
[Illustration: IVAN THE FOOL.
_Frontispiece._]
TOLSTOI FOR THE
YOUNG
SELECT TALES FROM TOLSTOI
Translated from the Russian
By
MRS. R. S. TOWNSEND
WITH SIX PLATES BY MICHEL SEVIER
LONDON
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO., LTD
NEW YORK: E. P. DUTTON & CO.
1916
CONTENTS
PAGE
IVAN THE FOOL 1
WHERE THERE IS LOVE, THERE IS GOD ALSO 56
A PRISONER 82
EMELIAN AND THE EMPTY DRUM 138
THE GREAT BEAR 156
THREE QUESTIONS 158
THE GODSON 167
LIST OF PLATES
Ivan the Fool _Frontispiece_
Where there is Love, there is God also _To face p._ 57
A Prisoner 82
Emelian and the Empty Drum 138
Three Questions 158
The Godson 167
IVAN THE FOOL
THE STORY OF IVAN THE FOOL AND HIS TWO BROTHERS SIMON THE WARRIOR
AND TARAS THE POT-BELLIED, AND OF HIS DEAF AND DUMB SISTER, AND THE
OLD DEVIL AND THREE LITTLE DEVILKINS.
Once upon a time there lived a rich peasant, who had three sons--Simon
the Warrior, Taras the Pot-bellied, and Ivan the Fool, and a deaf and
dumb daughter, Malania, an old maid.
Simon the Warrior went off to the wars to serve the King; Taras the
Pot-bellied went to a merchant’s to trade in the town, and Ivan the Fool
and the old maid stayed at home to do the work of the house and the
farm. Simon the Warrior earned a high rank for himself and an estate and
married a nobleman’s daughter. He had a large income and a large estate,
but he could never make both ends meet, for, what he managed to gather
in, his wife managed to squander; thus it was that he never had any
money.
And Simon the Warrior went to his estate one day to collect his income,
and his steward said to him, “There is nothing to squeeze money out of;
we have neither cattle, nor implements, nor horses, nor cows, nor
ploughs, nor harrows; we must get all these things first, then there
will be an income.”
Then Simon the Warrior went to his father and said, “You are rich,
father; and have given me nothing, let me have a third of your
possessions and I will set up my estate.”
And the old man replied, “Why should I? You have brought nothing to the
home. It would be unfair to Ivan and the girl.”
And Simon said, “Ivan is a fool and Malania is deaf and dumb; they do
not need much, surely.”
“Ivan shall decide,” the old man said.
And Ivan said, “I don’t mind; let him take what he wants.”
Simon took a portion of his father’s goods and moved them to his
estate, and once more he set out to serve the King.
Taras the Pot-bellied made a great deal of money and married a
merchant’s widow, but still, it seemed to him that he had not enough, so
he too went to his father and said, “Give me my portion, father.” And
the old man was loath to give Taras his portion, and he said, “You have
brought us nothing; everything in the home has been earned by Ivan; it
would be unfair to him and the girl.”
And Taras said, “Ivan is a fool, what does he need? He cannot marry, for
no one would have him, and the girl is deaf and dumb and does not need
much either.” And turning to Ivan, he said, “Let me have half the corn,
Ivan. I will not take any implements, and as for the cattle, I only want
the grey cob; he is of no use to you for the plough.”
Ivan laughed.
“Very well,” he said, “you shall have what you want.”
And Taras was given his portion, and he carted the corn off to the town
and took away the grey cob, and Ivan was left with only the old mare to
work the farm and support his father and mother.
II
The old Devil was annoyed that the three brothers had not quarrelled
over the matter and had parted in peace. He summoned three little
Devilkins.
“There are three brothers,” he said, “Simon the Warrior, Taras the
Pot-bellied, and Ivan the Fool. I want them all to quarrel and they live
in peace and goodwill. It is the Fool’s fault. Go to these three
brothers, the three of you, and confound them so that they will scratch
out each others’ eyes. Do you think you can do it?”
“We can,” they said.
“How will you do it?”
“We will ruin them first,” they said, “so that they have nothing to eat,
then we will put them all together and they will begin to fight.”
“I see you know your work,” the old Devil said. “Go then, and do not
return to me until you have confounded the whole three, or else I will
skin you alive.”
And the Devilkins set out to a bog to confer on the matter, and they
argued and argued, for each wanted the easiest work, and they decided to
cast lots and each to take the brother that fell to him, and whichever
finished his work first was to help the others. And the Devilkins cast
lots and fixed a day when they should meet again in the bog, in order to
find out who had finished his work and who was in need of help.
The day arrived and the Devilkins gathered together in the bog. They
began to discuss their work. The first to give his account was the one
who had undertaken Simon the Warrior. “My work is progressing well,” he
said. “To-morrow Simon will return to his father.”
“How did you manage it?” the others asked him.
“First of all,” he said, “I gave Simon so much courage that he promised
the King to conquer the whole world. And the King made him the head of
his army and sent him to make war on the King of India. That same night
I damped the powder of Simon’s troops and I went to the King of India
and made him numberless soldiers out of straw. And when Simon saw
himself surrounded by the straw soldiers, a fear came upon him and he
ordered the guns to fire, but the guns and cannon would not go off. And
Simon’s troops were terrified and ran away like sheep, and the King of
India defeated them. Simon was disgraced. He was deprived of his rank
and estate and to-morrow he is to be executed. I have only one day left
in which to get him out of the dungeon and help him to escape home.
To-morrow I shall have finished with him, so I want you to tell me which
of you two is in need of help.”
Then the second Devilkin began to tell of his work with Taras. “I do not
want help,” he said; “my work is also going well. Taras will not live in
the town another week. The first thing I did was to make his belly grow
bigger and fill him with greed. He is now so greedy for other people’s
goods that whatever he sees he must buy. He has bought up everything he
could lay his eyes on, and spent all his money, and is still buying with
borrowed money. He has taken so much upon himself, and become so
entangled that he will never pull himself out. In a week he will have to
repay the borrowed money, and I will turn his wares into manure so that
he cannot repay, then he will go to his father.”
“And how is your work getting on?” they asked the third Devilkin about
Ivan.
“My work is going badly,” he said. “The first thing I did was to spit
into Ivan’s jug of kvas to give him a stomach-ache and then I went into
his fields and made the soil as hard as stones so that he could not move
it. I thought he would not plough it, but the fool came with his plough
and began to pull. His stomach-ache made him groan, yet still he went on
ploughing. I broke one plough for him and he went home and repaired
another, and again persisted in his work. I crawled beneath the ground
and clutched hold of his ploughshares, but I could not hold them--he
pressed upon the plough so hard, and the shares were sharp and cut my
hands. He has finished it all but one strip. You must come and help me,
mates, for singly we shall never get the better of him, and all our
labour will be wasted. If the fool keeps on tilling his land, the other
two brothers will never know what need means, for he will feed them.”
The first Devilkin offered to come and help to-morrow when he had
disposed of Simon the Warrior, and with that the three Devilkins parted.
III
Ivan had ploughed all the fallow but one strip, and he went to finish
that. His stomach ached, yet he had to plough. He undid the harness
ropes, turned over the plough and set out to the fields. He drove one
furrow, but coming back, the ploughshares caught on something that
seemed like a root.
“What a strange thing!” Ivan thought. “There were no roots here, yet
here’s a root!”
He put his hand into the furrow and clutched hold of something soft. He
pulled it out. It was a thing as black as a root and it moved. He looked
closely and saw that it was a live Devilkin.
“You horrid little wretch, you!”
Ivan raised his hand to dash its head against the plough, but the
Devilkin squealed, “Don’t kill me, and I’ll do whatever you want me to.”
“What can you do?”
“Tell me what you want.”
Ivan scratched his head.
“My stomach aches,” he said; “can you make it well?”
“I can.”
“Do it, then.”
The Devilkin bent down, rummaged about with his nails in the furrow and
pulled out three little roots, grown together.
“There,” he said; “if any one swallows a single one of these roots all
pain will pass away from him.”
Ivan took the three roots, separated them and swallowed one. His
stomach-ache instantly left him.
“Let me go now,” the Devilkin begged once more. “I will dive through the
earth and never bother you again.”
“Very well,” Ivan said; “go, in God’s name.”
At the mention of God the Devilkin plunged into the ground like a stone
thrown into water, and there was nothing but the hole left. Ivan thrust
the two remaining little roots into his cap and went on with his
ploughing. He finished the strip, turned over his plough and set off
home. He unharnessed and went into the house, and there was his brother,
Simon the Warrior, sitting at table with his wife, having supper. His
estate had been taken from him; he had escaped from prison and come back
to live with his father.
As soon as Simon the Warrior saw Ivan, he said to him, “I have come with
my wife to live with you; will you keep us both until I find another
place?”
“Very well,” Ivan said, “you can live here.”
When Ivan sat down by the table, the smell of him was displeasing to the
lady and she said to her husband, “I cannot sup together with a
stinking peasant.”
And Simon the Warrior said, “My lady says you do not smell sweet; you
had better eat in the passage.”
“Very well,” Ivan said. “It is time for bed anyway, and I must feed the
mare.”
Ivan took some bread and his coat and went out for the night.
IV
That night, having freed himself of Simon the Warrior, the first little
Devilkin set out to seek Ivan’s Devilkin, to help him plague the Fool as
they had agreed. He came to the fields, looked all round for his mate,
but he was nowhere to be seen; he only found a hole. “I see some
misfortune has happened to my mate; I must take his place. The ploughing
is all finished; I must upset the Fool at the mowing.”
And the Devilkin went to the meadow and flooded it and trampled the hay
in the mud.
Ivan awoke at daybreak, put his scythe in order and set out to the
meadow to mow the hay. Ivan swung the scythe once, he swung it twice,
but the scythe grew blunt and would not cut; he had to sharpen it. Ivan
struggled and struggled and struggled.
“This won’t do,” he said; “I must go home and bring a whetstone and a
hunk of bread. If it takes me a week I’ll not give up until I’ve mowed
it every bit.”
And the Devilkin grew pensive when he heard these words.
“The Fool has a temper,” he said; “I can’t catch him this way; I must
think of something else.”
Ivan returned, sharpened his scythe and began to mow. The Devilkin crept
into the grass, caught hold of the scythe by the heel and pushed the
point into the ground. It was hard for Ivan, but he mowed all the grass,
except a little piece in the swamp.
The Devilkin crept into the swamp, thinking, “Even if I have to cut my
hands I won’t let him mow that!”
Ivan came to the swamp. The grass was not thick, but the scythe could
not cut through it. Ivan grew angry and began to mow with all his might.
The Devilkin began to lose hold, seeing that he was in a bad plight,
but he had no time to get away and took refuge in a bush. Ivan swung the
scythe near the bush and cut off half the Devilkin’s tail. He finished
mowing the grass, told the old maid to rake it up and went away to mow
the rye.
He came to the field with his sickle, but the Devilkin with the clipped
tail was there before him. He had entangled the rye, so that the sickle
could not take it. Ivan went back for his reaping-hook and reaped the
whole field of rye. “Now,” he said, “I must tackle the oats.”
At these words the Devilkin with the clipped tail thought, “I did not
trip him up with the rye, but I’ll do so with the oats. If only the
morrow would come!”
In the morning the Devilkin hurried off to the field of oats, but the
oats were all harvested. Ivan had reaped them overnight so that less of
the grain should be wasted. The Devilkin lost his temper at that.
“He has mutilated and exhausted me, the fool! I’ve never had such
trouble on the battlefield even. The wretch doesn’t sleep and you can’t
get ahead of him. I’ll creep into the stacks of sheaves and rot the
grain.”
And the Devilkin crept into a stack of sheaves, and began to rot them.
He heated them, grew warm himself and fell asleep.
Ivan harnessed the mare and set out with his sister to gather in the
sheaves. He stopped by the stack and began to throw the sheaves into the
cart. He had thrown up two sheaves and was going to take up a third,
when the fork dug into the Devilkin’s back. He looked at the prongs and
saw a live Devilkin with his tail clipped, wriggling and writhing and
trying to get away.
“You horrid little wretch! You here again!”
“I’m not the same one,” the Devilkin pleaded. “The other was my brother.
I belong to your brother Simon.”
“Whoever you are you shall share the same fate.”
Ivan was about to dash it against the cart, when the Devilkin cried out,
“Spare me! I’ll not worry you again, and I’ll do whatever you want me
to.”
“What can you do?”
“I can make soldiers out of anything you choose.”
“What good are they?”
“You can make them do anything you like. Soldiers can do everything.”
“Can they play songs?”
“They can.”
“Very well; make some, then.”
And the Devilkin said, “Take a sheaf of rye and bump it upright on the
ground, saying,--
My slave bids you be a sheaf no more.
Every straw contained in you,
Must turn into a soldier true.”
Ivan took the sheaf and banged it on the ground and repeated the
Devilkin’s words. And the sheaf burst asunder and every straw turned
into a soldier and at their head the drummer and bugler were playing.
Ivan laughed aloud.
“That was clever of you,” he said. “It will amuse Malania.”
“Let me go now,” the Devilkin begged.
“Not yet,” Ivan said. “I shall want to make the soldiers out of chaff so
as not to waste the grain. Show me first how to turn the soldiers into a
sheaf again, so that I can thrash it.”
And the Devilkin said, “Repeat the words--
My slave bids every soldier be a straw
And turn into a sheaf once more.”
Ivan repeated the Devilkin’s words, and the soldiers turned into a sheaf
again.
And again the Devilkin pleaded, “Let me go.”
“Very well,” Ivan said, taking him off the prongs. “Go, in God’s name.”
At the mention of God the Devilkin plunged into the ground like a stone
thrown into water, and there was nothing but the hole left.
When Ivan reached home, his other brother, Taras, and his wife were
sitting at table and having supper. Taras could not pay his debts; he
fled from his creditors and came home to his father. As soon as he saw
Ivan he said, “Until I can make some more money, will you keep me and my
wife?”
“Very well,” Ivan said. “You can live here.”
Ivan took off his coat and sat down to table.
And Taras’ wife said, “I cannot sup with a fool; he smells of sweat.”
Taras the Pot-bellied said, “You do not smell sweet, Ivan; go and eat in
the passage.”
“Very well,” Ivan said; “it’s time for bed, anyhow, and I must feed the
mare.”
He took his coat and a piece of bread, and went out.
V
That night, having disposed of Taras, the third little Devilkin came to
help his mates plague Ivan, as they had agreed. He came to the ploughed
field and looked and looked, but could see no one; he only found the
hole. Then he went to the meadow and found a piece of tail in the swamp,
and in the rye-stubble field he found another hole.
“I see some misfortune has happened to my mates. I must take their
places and tackle the Fool.”
The Devilkin set out to find Ivan.
Ivan had finished his work in the fields and had gone into the copse to
cut wood.
The brothers found it too crowded to live together in their father’s
house and they ordered Ivan to fell timber to build themselves new
houses.
The Devilkin rushed into the wood and crept into the knots of the trees
to prevent Ivan from felling them.
Ivan had cut a tree in the right way so that it should fall on to a
clear space, but the tree seemed to be possessed, and fell over where it
was not wanted, and got entangled among the branches. Ivan lopped them
off with his bill-hook and at last, with great difficulty, brought down
the tree. He began to fell another and the same thing was repeated. He
struggled and struggled and succeeded only after great exertion. He
began on a third and the same thing happened. Ivan had intended to fell
fifty trees at least, and he had not managed more than ten, and night
was coming on. Ivan was exhausted, and the steam rose from him and
floated through the wood like a mist; yet still he would not give up. He
felled another tree and his back began to ache so that he could not go
on. He stuck his axe into the trunk of a tree and sat down to rest.
When the Devilkin realized that Ivan had ceased to work, he rejoiced.
“He is worn out at last,” he thought; “now I can rest too.” And he sat
himself astride on a branch, exulting.
Ivan rose, took out his axe, flourished it aloft, and brought it down so
heavily that the tree came down with a crash. The Devilkin had no time
to disentangle his legs; the branch broke and pinned down his paw.
Ivan began to clear the tree and behold! there was a live Devilkin. Ivan
was amazed.
“You horrid little wretch! You here again!”
“I am not the same one,” the Devilkin said. “I belong to your brother
Taras.”
“Whoever you may be, you shall share the same fate.” And Ivan raised
the axe to bring it down on its head, but the Devilkin began to plead.
“Don’t kill me,” he said, “and I’ll do whatever you want me to.”
“What can you do?”
“I can make as much money as you like.”
“Very well,” Ivan said; “make it, then.”
And the Devilkin taught him what to do.
“Take some leaves from this oak and rub them in your hands and gold will
fall to the ground.”
Ivan took the leaves and rubbed them in his hand and gold rained down.
“This is well,” he said; “on holidays it will amuse the children.”
“Let me go,” the Devilkin begged.
“I don’t mind,” Ivan said, and taking up his axe, he freed the Devilkin
of the branch. “Go, in God’s name.”
At the mention of God the Devilkin plunged into the ground like a stone
thrown into water and there was nothing but the hole left.
VI
The brothers built themselves houses and began to live apart. Ivan
finished his work in the fields, brewed some beer and invited his
brothers to a feast. The brothers did not accept his invitation.
“We do not go to feast with peasants,” they said.
Ivan treated the peasants and the peasant-women and drank himself until
he got tipsy, and he went into the street and joined the dancers and
singers. He approached the women, and bade them sing his praises.
“I will give you something you have never seen in your lives,” he said.
The women laughed and began to sing his praises, and when they had
finished, they said, “Well, give us what you promised.”
“I will bring it in a moment,” Ivan said, and he took his seed-basket
and ran into the wood.
The women laughed. “What a fool!” they said, and forgot all about him,
when behold! Ivan returned, his basket full of something.
“Shall I share it out?”
“Do.”
Ivan took up a handful of gold and threw it to the women. Heavens! The
women rushed to pick it up, the peasants after them, snatching it out of
each others’ hands. One old woman was nearly killed in the fray.
Ivan laughed.
“You fools!” he said. “Why did you hurt Granny? If you are not so rough
I’ll give you some more.”
He scattered more gold. The whole village came up. Ivan emptied his
basket. The people asked for more, but he said, “Not now; another time
I’ll give you more. Now let us dance. You play some songs.”
The women began to play.
“I don’t like your songs,” Ivan said.
“Do you know any better ones?”
“You shall see in a moment.”
Ivan went into a barn, took up a sheaf, thrashed it, stood it up, and
banged it on the floor, and said--
My slave bids you be a sheaf no more.
Every straw contained in you
Must turn into a soldier true.
And the sheaf burst asunder and turned into soldiers, and the drummers
and buglers played at their head. Ivan asked the soldiers to play some
songs, and led them into the street. The people were amazed.
When the soldiers had played their songs Ivan took them back into the
barn | 345.645576 |
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Produced by Brian Wilcox and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive)
Transcriber’s Note: Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. Blackletter
text is denoted =thus=.
THE LIFE AND REIGN OF EDWARD I.
[Illustration: EDWARD I.
After the Engraving by Vertue, from the Statue at Carnarvon Castle.]
THE LIFE AND REIGN OF EDWARD I.
BY THE AUTHOR OF
“THE GREATEST OF THE PLANTAGENETS.”
Pactum Serva.
SEELEY, JACKSON, & HALLIDAY, FLEET STREET, LONDON. MDCCCLXXII.
LONDON:
PRINTED BY SIMMONS & BOTTEN,
Shoe Lane, E.C.
PREFACE.
The volume entitled “The Greatest of the Plantagenets,” was correctly
described in its title‐page, as “an Historical Sketch.” Nothing more
than this was contemplated by the writer. The compilation was made
among the manuscripts of the British Museum, in the leisure mornings of
| 384.159201 |
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Produced by David Widger and Andrew Sly
MRS. FALCHION
By Gilbert Parker
INTRODUCTION
This novel was written in the days of the three-decker, and it went out
to sea as such. Every novel of mine written until 1893 was published in
two or three volumes, and the sale to the libraries was greater than the
sale to the general public. This book was begun in 1892 at the time when
the Pierre stories were being written, and it was finished in the summer
of 1893. It did not appear serially; indeed, I made no attempt at serial
publication. I had a feeling that as it was to be my first novel, it
should be judged as a whole and taken at a gasp, as it were. I believe
that the reader of Messrs. Methuen & Company was not disposed to publish
the book, but Mr. Methuen himself (or Mr. Stedman as he was then called)
was impressed by it and gave it his friendly confidence. He was certain
that it would arrest the attention of the critics and of the public,
whether it became popular or not. I have not a set of those original
three volumes. I wish I had, because they won for me an almost
unhoped-for pleasure. The 'Daily Chronicle' gave the volumes over
a column of review, and headed the notice, "A Coming Novelist." The
'Athenaeum' said that 'Mrs. Falchion' was a splendid study of character;
'The Pall Mall Gazette' said that the writing was as good as anything
that had been done in our time, while at the same time it took rather a
dark view of my future as a novelist, because it said I had not probed
deep enough into the wounds of character which I had inflicted. The
article was written by Mr. George W. Stevens, and he was right in saying
that I had not probed deep enough. Few very young men--and I was very
young then--do probe very deeply. At the appearance of 'When Valmond
Came to Pontiac', however, Mr. Stevens came to the conclusion that my
future was assured.
I mention these things because they were burnt into my mind at the time.
'Mrs. Falchion' was my first real novel, as I have said, though it had
been preceded by a short novel called 'The Chief Factor', since rescued
from publication and never published in book form in England. I realised
when I had written 'Mrs. Falchion' that I had not found my metier, and I
was fearful of complete failure. I had come but a few years before from
the South Seas; I was full of what I had seen and felt; I was eager to
write of it all, and I did write of it; but the thing which was deeper
still in me was the life which 'Pierre and His People', 'The Seats of
the Mighty', 'The Trail of the Sword', 'The Lane That Had no Turning',
and 'The Right of Way' portrayed. That life was destined to give me
an assured place and public, while 'Mrs. Falchion', and the South Sea
stories published in various journals before the time of its production,
and indeed anterior to the writing of the Pierre series, only assured me
attention.
Happily for the book, which has faults of construction, superficialities
as to incident, and with some crudity of plot, it was, in the main, a
study of character. There was focus, there was illumination in the book,
to what degree I will not try to say; and the attempt to fasten the
mind of the reader upon the central figure, and to present that central
figure in many aspects, safeguarded the narrative from the charge
of being a mere novel of adventure, or, as one writer called it, "an
impudent melodrama, which has its own fascinations."
Reading Mrs. Falchion again after all these years, I seem to realise
in it an attempt to combine the objective and subjective methods of
treatment--to combine analysis of character and motive with arresting
episode. It is a difficult thing to do, as I have found. It was not done
on my part wholly by design, but rather by instinct, and I imagine that
this tendency has run through all my works. It represents the elements
of romanticism and of realism in one, and that kind of representation
has its dangers, to say nothing of its difficulties. It sometimes
alienates the reader, who by instinct and preference is a realist, and
it troubles the reader who wants to read for a story alone, who cares
for what a character does, and not for what a character is or says,
except in so far as it emphasises what it does. One has to work,
however, in one's own way, after one's own idiosyncrasies, and here
is the book that represents one of my own idiosyncrasies in its most
primitive form.
CONTENTS:
BOOK I
BELOW THE SUN LINE
I. THE GATES OF THE SEA
II. "MOTLEY IS YOUR ONLY WEAR"
III. A TALE OF NO MAN'S SEA
IV. THE TRAIL OF THE ISHMAELITE
V. ACCUSING FACES
VI. MUMMERS ALL
VII. THE WHEEL COMES FULL CIRCLE
VIII. A BRIDGE OF PERIL
IX. "THE PROGRESS OF THE SUNS"
X. BETWEEN DAY AND DARK
BOOK II
THE <DW72> OF THE PACIFIC
XI. AMONG THE HILLS OF GOD
XII. THE WHIRLIGIG OF TIME
XIII. THE SONG OF THE SAW
XIV. THE PATH OF THE EAGLE
XV. IN THE TROUGH OF THE WINDS
XVI. A DUEL IN ARCADY
XVII. RIDING THE REEFS
XVIII. THE STRINGS OF DESTINY
XIX. THE SENTENCE
XX. AFTER THE STORM
XXI. IN PORT
BOOK I. BELOW THE SUN LINE
CHAPTER I. THE GATES OF THE SEA
The part I played in Mrs. Falchion's career was not very noble, but I
shall set it forth plainly here, else I could not have the boldness to
write of her faults or those of others. Of my own history little need
be said in preface. Soon after graduating with | 384.159226 |
2023-11-16 18:23:28.3348820 | 1,616 | 11 | The Project Gutenberg Etext of The Brick Moon, et. al., by Hale
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etext from as a PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm etext) disclaims all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including
legal fees, and [ | 384.354922 |
2023-11-16 18:23:28.3547780 | 235 | 12 |
The Expositor's Bible
The Books of Chronicles
By
William Henry Bennett
Professor of Old Testament Languages and Literature, Mackney and New
Colleges; Sometime Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge
Hodder & Stoughton
New York
George H, Doran Company
CONTENTS
Preface
Book I. Introduction.
Chapter I. Date And Authorship.
Chapter II. Historical Setting.
Chapter III. Sources And Mode Of Composition.
Chapter IV. The Importance of Chronicles.
Book II. Genealogies.
Chapter I. Names. 1 Chron. i-ix.
Chapter II. Heredity. 1 Chron. i.-ix.
Chapter III. Statistics.
Chapter IV. Family Traditions. 1 Chron. i. 10, 19, 46; ii. 3, 7, 34;
iv. 9, 10, 18, 22, 27, 34-43; v. 10, 18-22; vii. 21-23 | 384.374818 |
2023-11-16 18:23:28.5423290 | 992 | 9 |
Produced by David Edwards, Elisa and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive)
[Illustration:
ALL THE WORLD’S A STAGE.
THE
AMATEUR
DRAMA.
SEEING
THE ELEPHANT
BOSTON:
GEO. M. BAKER & CO.,
149 Washington Street.
KILBURN & MALLORY, Sr.]
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873 by GEORGE
M. BAKER, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at
Washington.
SEEING THE ELEPHANT.
BY THE AUTHOR OF
“Sylvia’s Soldier;” “Once on a Time;” “Down by the Sea;” “Bread on the
Waters;” “The Last Loaf;” “Stand by the Flag;” “The Tempter;” “A
Drop Too Much;” “We’re All Teetotallers;” “A Little More Cider;”
“Thirty Minutes for Refreshments;” “Wanted, a Male Cook;” “A
Sea of Troubles;” “Freedom of the Press;” “A Close Shave;”
“The Great Elixir;” “The Man with the Demijohn;” “New
Brooms Sweep Clean;” “Humors of the Strike;” “My
Uncle the Captain;” “The Greatest Plague in Life;”
“No Cure, No Pay;” “The Grecian Bend;” “The
War of the Roses;” “Lightheart’s Pilgrimage;”
“The Sculptor’s Triumph;” “Too Late for
the Train;” “Snow-Bound;” “The
Peddler of Very Nice;” “Bonbons;”
“Capuletta;” “An Original
Idea;” &c.
BOSTON:
GEO. M. BAKER & CO.
149 WASHINGTON STREET.
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873,
BY GEORGE M. BAKER,
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
Stereotyped at the Boston Stereotype Foundry,
19 Spring Lane.
SEEING THE ELEPHANT
CHARACTERS.
SILAS SOMERBY, a Farmer, occasionally addicted to the bottle.
HARRY HOLDEN, his right-hand Man.
BIAS BLACK, a Teamster.
PAT MURPHY, a Laborer.
JOHNNY SOMERBY, Silas’s Son.
RACHEL SOMERBY, his Wife.
SALLY SOMERBY, his Daughter.
COSTUMES.
SILAS, dark pants, short, thick boots, yellow vest, a towel
pinned about his neck, gray wig, face lathered.
HARRY, gray pants, blue shirt, black neckkerchief, dark coat.
BIAS, thick boots, blue frock, woolly wig, black face, long
whip.
PAT MURPHY, in shirt sleeves, blue overalls, cap, wig.
JOHNNY, close-cut hair, pants of his father’s, rolled up at
bottom, drawn up very high with suspenders, thin coat, short and open,
very broad brimmed straw hat.
RACHEL and SALLY, neat calico dresses.
SCENE.--_Room in SOMERBY’S House. Old-fashioned sofa, R.; table, C.,
laid for breakfast. HARRY seated R. of table, eating; rocking-chair,
R. C. SALLY seated, L., shelling peas or paring apples. Entrances, R.,
L., and C._
_Sally._ (_Singing._)
“Roll on, silver moon,
Guide the traveller his way,
While the nightingale’s song is in tune;
For I never, never more
With my true love shall stray
By the sweet, silver light of the moon.”
_Harry._ Beautiful, beautiful! “There’s music in _that_ air.” Now take
a fresh roll, and keep me company while I take another of your mother’s
delicious fresh rolls.
_Sally._ Making the sixth you have devoured before my eyes!
_Harry._ Exactly. What a tribute to her cooking! She’s the best bred
woman in the country. Her pies are miracles of skill; her rolls are
rolls of honor; her golden butter is so sweet | 384.562369 |
2023-11-16 18:23:28.8768410 | 2,043 | 9 |
Produced by Dianne Bean
Tales of Aztlan,
The Romance of a Hero of our Late Spanish-American War, Incidents of
Interest from the Life of a western Pioneer and Other Tales.
by
George Hartmann
A note about this book: A Maid of Yavapai, the final entry in this
book, is dedicated to SMH. This refers to Sharlot M. Hall, a famous
Arizona settler. The copy of the book that was used to make this etext
is dedicated: With my compliments and a Happy Easter, Apr 5th 1942, To
Miss Sharlot M. Hall, from The daughter of the Author, Carrie S.
Allison, Presented March 31st, 1942, Prescott, Arizona.
1908 Revised edition
Memorial
That this volume may serve to keep forever fresh the memory of a hero,
Captain William Owen O'Neill, U. S. V., is the fervent wish of The
Author.
CONTENTS
I. A FRAIL BARK, TOSSED ON LIFE'S TEMPESTUOUS SEAS
II. PERILOUS JOURNEY
III. THE MYSTERY OF THE SMOKING RUIN. STALKING A WARRIOR.
THE AMBUSH
IV. A STRANGE LAND AND STRANGER PEOPLE
V. ON THE RIO GRANDE. AN ABSTRACT OF THE AUTHOR'S GENEALOGY
OF MATERNAL LINEAGE
VI. INDIAN LORE. THE WILY NAVAJO
VII. THE FIGHT IN THE SAND HILLS. THE PHANTOM DOG
VIII. WITH THE NAVAJO TRIBE
IX. IN ARIZONA
X. AT THE SHRINE OF A "SPHINX OF AZTLAN"
AN UNCANNY STONE.
L'ENVOY.
THE BIRTH OF ARIZONA. (AN ALLEGORICAL TALE.)
A ROYAL FIASCO.
A MAID OF YAVAPAI.
CHAPTER I.
A FRAIL BARK, TOSSED ON LIFE'S TEMPESTUOUS SEAS
A native of Germany, I came to the United States soon after the Civil
War, a healthy, strong boy of fifteen years. My destination was a
village on the Rio Grande, in New Mexico, where I had relatives. I was
expected to arrive at Junction City, in the State of Kansas, on a day
of June, 1867, and proceed on my journey with a train of freight wagons
over the famous old Santa Fe trail.
Junction City was then the terminal point of a railway system which
extended its track westward across the great American plains, over the
virgin prairie, the native haunt of the buffalo and fleet-footed
antelope, the iron horse trespassing on the hunting ground of the
Arapahoe and Comanche Indian tribes. As a mercantile supply depot for
New Mexico and Colorado, Junction City was the port from whence a
numerous fleet of prairie schooners sailed, laden with the necessities
and luxuries of an advancing civilization. But not every sailor reached
his destined port, for many were they who were sent by the pirates of
the plains over unknown trails, to the shores of the great Beyond,
their scalpless bodies left on the prairie, a prey to vultures and
coyotes.
If the plans of my relatives had developed according to program, this
story would probably not have been told. Indians on the warpath
attacked the wagon train which I was presumed to have joined, a short
distance out from Junction City. They killed and scalped several
teamsters and also a young German traveler; stampeded and drove off a
number of mules and burned up several wagons. This was done while
fording the Arkansas River, near Fort Dodge. I was delayed near Kansas
City under circumstances which preclude the supposition of chance and
indicate a subtle and Inexorably fatal power at work for the
preservation of my life--a force which with the giant tread of the
earthquake devastates countries and lays cities in ruins; that awful
power which on wings of the cyclone slays the innocent babe in its
cradle and harms not the villain, or vice versa; that inscrutable
spirit which creates and lovingly shelters the sparrow over night and
then at dawn hands it to the owl to serve him for his breakfast. Safe I
was under the guidance of the same loving, paternal Providence which in
death delivereth the innocent babe from evil and temptation, shields
the little sparrow from all harm forever, and incidentally provides
thereby for the hungry owl.
I should have changed cars at Kansas City, but being asleep at the
critical time and overlooked by the conductor, I passed on to a station
beyond the Missouri River. There the conductor aroused me and put me
off the train without ceremony. I was forced to return, and reached the
river without any mishap, as it was a beautiful moonlight night. I
crossed the long bridge with anxiety, for it was a primitive-looking
structure, built on piles, and I had to step from tie to tie, looking
continually down at the swirling waters of the great, muddy river. As I
realized the possibility of meeting a train, I crossed over it,
running. At last I reached the opposite shore. It was nearly dawn now,
and I walked to the only house in sight, a long, low building of logs
and, being very tired, I sat down on the veranda and soon fell asleep.
It was not long after sunrise that a sinister, evil-looking person,
smelling vilely of rum, woke me up roughly and asked me what I did
there. When he learned that I was traveling to New Mexico and had lost
my way, he grew very polite and invited me into the house.
We entered a spacious hall, which served as a dining-room, where eight
young ladies were busily engaged arranging tables and furniture. The
man intimated that he kept a hotel and begged the young ladies to see
to my comfort and bade me consider myself as being at home. The girls
were surprised and delighted to meet me and overwhelmed me with
questions. They expressed the greatest concern and interest when they
learned that I was about to cross the plains.
"Poor little Dutchy," said one, "how could your mother send you out all
alone into the cruel, wide world!" "Mercy, and among the Indians, too,"
said another. When I replied that my dear mother had sent me away
because she loved me truly, as she knew that I had a better chance to
prosper in the United States than in the Fatherland, they called me a
cute little chap and smothered me with their kisses.
The tallest and sweetest of these girls (her name was Rose) pulled my
ears teasingly and asked if her big, little man was not afraid of the
Indians. "Not I, madame," I replied; "for my father charged me to be
honest and loyal, brave and true, and fear not and prove myself a
worthy scion of the noble House of Von Siebeneich." "Oh, my! Oh, my!"
cried the young ladies, and "Did you ever!" and "No, I never!" and "Who
would have thought it!" Regarding me wide-eyed with astonishment, they
listened with bated breath as I explained that I was a lineal
descendant of the Knight Hartmann von Siebeneich, who achieved
everlasting fame through impersonating the Emperor Frederick
(Barbarossa) of Germany, in order to prevent his capture by the enemy.
I told how the commander of the Italian army, inspired with admiration
by the desperate valor of the loyal knight, released him and did honor
him greatly. And how this noble knight, my father's ancestor, followed
the Emperor Frederick to the Holy Land and fought the Saracens. "And,"
added I, "my father's great book of heraldry contains the legend of the
curse which fell on our house through the villainy of the Imperial
Grand Chancellor of Blazonry, who was commanded to devise and procure a
brand new heraldic escutcheon for our family.
"He blazoned our shield with the ominous motto, 'in der fix, Haben
nix,' over gules d'or on a stony field, which was sown to a harvest of
tares and oats, and embossed with a whirlwind rampant. As they were in
knightly honor bound to live up to the motto on their shield, my
ancestor were doomed to remain poor forever. At last they took service
with the free city of Hamburg, where they settled finally and became
honored citizens."
Happening to remember my mother's admonishment not to annoy people with
too much talk, I apologized to the young ladies. Smilingly, they begged
me to continue, for they seemed to enjoy my boyish prattle.
"Listen, now, girls," said Rose laughingly to her companions, "now, I
shall make him open his mother's closet and show us her choicest family
skeleton." "Oh, no, Miss Rose," I protested, "my mother has indeed a
great closet, but it is full of good things to eat and contains no
skeletons." "You little goosie-gander; you | 384.896881 |
2023-11-16 18:23:29.1894810 | 73 | 31 | STORIES ***
E-text prepared by Juliet Sutherland, Mary Meehan, and the Project
Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team
LITTLE SAINT ELIZABETH
And Other Stories
BY FRANCES HODGSON BURNETT
1888
CONTENTS
Little Saint Elizabeth
The Story of Prince Fairyfoot
The | 385.209521 |
2023-11-16 18:23:29.3349440 | 548 | 11 | THE SECOND ADVENT***
Transcribed from the 1876 H. Colbran edition by David Price, email
[email protected]
ROME AND TURKEY
IN CONNEXION WITH
The Second Advent.
* * * * *
SERMONS.
BY REV. E. HOARE,
VICAR OF TRINITY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, AND
HON. CANON OF CANTERBURY.
* * * * *
LONDON:
HATCHARDS, PICCADILLY.
H. COLBRAN, CALVERLEY ROAD, TUNBRIDGE WELLS.
1876.
PREFACE.
THE three lectures on Turkey are published at the request of several of
my parishioners; I have added two others respecting Rome, which were
written in 1873, because I consider that they strengthen the conclusion
derived from the present position of the Ottoman Empire. I regard Rome
and Turkey as two great political witnesses to the near approach of the
glorious end. If this be the case, it is clearly right that their two
testimonies should appear together and confirm each other.
E. H.
_Tunbridge Wells_,
_Jan._ 1876.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
ROME:—
THE OUTLINE 1
THE CONSUMPTION 21
TURKEY:—
THE EUPHRATES 42
THE FROGS 63
THE ADVENT 81
ROME.
I.
THE OUTLINE.
IT is impossible to imagine anything more delightful than the prospect of
the promised return of our most blessed Saviour. How do the father and
the mother feel when they welcome their long-absent son from India? How
will many an English wife feel when she welcomes her husband from the
Arctic Expedition? And how must the Church of God feel when, after her
long night of toil and difficulty, she stands face to face before Him
whom her soul loveth, and enters into the full enjoyment of the promise,
‘So shall we ever be with the Lord.’ There will be no tears then, for
there will be no sorrow; no death then, for there will be no more curse;
no sin then, for we shall see Him as He is, and shall be like Him. Then
will be the time of resurrection, when all the firstborn of God shall
awake to a life without decay and without corruption; and then the | 385.354984 |
2023-11-16 18:23:29.5355510 | 257 | 13 |
Produced by Curtis Weyant, Jeannie Howse and the PG Online Distributed
Proofreading Team.
NEW TABERNACLE SERMONS
BY
T. DE WITT TALMAGE, D.D.
AUTHOR OF
"_CRUMBS SWEPT UP_," "_THE ABOMINATIONS OF MODERN SOCIETY_," etc.
Delivered in the Brooklyn Tabernacle.
VOL. I
NEW YORK:
GEORGE MUNRO, PUBLISHER,
17 TO 27 VANDEWATER STREET.
1886.
[Illustration: T. De Witt Talmage]
_Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1885, by_
GEORGE MUNRO, _in the Office of the Librarian of Congress,
Washington, D.C._
CONTENTS.
PAGE
BRAWN AND MUSCLE 7
THE PLEIADES AND ORION 21
THE QUEEN'S VISIT 34
VICARIOUS SUFFERING 45
POSTHUMOUS OPPORTUNITY 59
THE LORD'S RAZOR 72
WINDOWS TOW | 385.555591 |
2023-11-16 18:23:29.5383650 | 4,630 | 19 |
Produced by Al Haines.
[Illustration: Cover]
[Illustration: WITH IT FELL CONAL! _Page_ 162]
Courage, True Hearts
Sailing in Search of Fortune
BY
GORDON STABLES
Author of "The Naval Cadet" "For Life and Liberty"
"To Greenland and the Pole" &c.
"I've wandered east, I've wandered west,
Through many a weary way;
But never, never can forget
The love of life's young day."
BLACKIE & SON LIMITED
LONDON AND GLASGOW
The Peak Library
_Books in this Series_
Overdue. Harry Collingwood.
The Dampier Boys. E. M. Green.
The King's Knight. G. I. Whitham.
Their London Cousins. Lady Middleton.
The White Witch of Rosel. E. E. Cowper.
Freda's Great Adventure. Alice Massie.
Courage, True Hearts! Gordon Stables.
Stephen goes to Sea. A. O. Cooke.
Under the Chilian Flag. Harry Collingwood.
The Islanders. Theodora Wilson Wilson.
Margery finds Herself. Doris A. Pocock.
Cousins in Camp. Theodora Wilson Wilson.
Far the sake of his Chum. Walter C. Rhoades.
An Ocean Outlaw. Hugh St. Leger.
Boys of the Priory School. F. Coombe.
Jane in Command. E. E. Cowper.
Adventures of Two. May Wynne.
The Secret of the Old House. E. Everett Green.
_Printed in Great Britain by Blackie & Son, Ltd., Glasgow_
CONTENTS.
BOOK I.
IN SCOTTISH WILDS AND LONDON STREETS.
CHAP.
I. Hope told a Flattering Tale
II. Hurrah for "Merrie England"!
III. The Boys' Life in London
IV. Wild Sports on Moorland and Ice
V. A Highland Blizzard--The Lost Sheep and Shepherd
VI. "The breath of God was over all the land"
VII. The Parting comes at last
BOOK II.
THE CRUISE OF THE _FLORA M'VAYNE_.
I. The Terrors of the Ocean
II. A Fearful Experience
III. Bound for Southern Seas of Ice
IV. On the Wings of the Wind
V. Johnnie Shingles and Old Mr. Pen
VI. "Back water all! For life, boys, for life!"
VII. "Here's to the loved ones at home"
VIII. Captain Talbot spins a Yarn
IX. Tongues of Lurid Fire--Blue, Green, and Deepest Crimson
X. So poor Conal must Perish!
XI. Thus Hand in Hand the Brothers Sleep
XII. Winter Life in an Antarctic Pack
XIII. A Chaos of Rolling and Dashing Ice
XIV. "Heave, and she goes! Hurrah!"
XV. The Isles of Desolation
BOOK III.
IN THE LAND OF THE NUGGET AND DIAMOND.
I. Shipwreck on a Lonely Isle
II. A Weary Time
III. Children of the Sky
IV. Treasure-hunters. The Forest
V. Fighting the Gorillas
VI. An Invading Army--Victory!
VII. The Mysterious Stone
VIII. The Battle at the Ford
IX. The very Identical Bird
X. The Welcome Home
BOOK I
IN SCOTTISH WILDS AND LONDON STREETS
CHAPTER I--HOPE TOLD A FLATTERING TALE
Had you been in the beautiful and wild forest of Glenvoie on that bright
and blue-skied September morning--on one of its hills, let us say--and
heard the music of those two boys' voices swelling up towards you,
nothing that I know of could have prevented you from joining in. So
joyous, so full of hope were they withal, that the very tune itself, to
say nothing of the words, would have sent sorrow right straight away
from your heart, if there had been any to send.
"Cheer, boys, cheer, no more of idle sorrow,
Courage, true hearts, shall bear us on our way;
Hope flies before, and points the bright to-morrow,
Let us forget the dangers of to-day."
There was a pause just here, and from your elevated situation on that
rocky pap, looking down, you would have rested your eyes on one of the
prettiest rolling woodland scenes in all broad Scotland.
It was a great waving ocean of foliage, and the sunset of autumn was
over it all, lying here and there in patches of crimson, brown, and
yellow, which the solemn black of pine-trees, and the funereal green of
dark spruces only served to intensify.
Flap-flap-flap! huge wood-pigeons arise in the air and go sailing over
the woods. They are frightened, as well they may be, for a moment
afterwards two guns ring out almost simultaneously, and so still is the
air that you can hear the dull thud of fallen game.
"Hurrah, Conal! Why, that was a splendid shot! I saw you take aim."
"No, Duncan, no; the bird is yours. You fired first."
"Only at random, brother. But come, let us look at him. What a
splendid creature! Do you know, Conal, I could almost cry for having
killed him."
"Oh! so could I, Duncan, for that matter, but the capercailzie[1] is
game, mind, and won't father be pleased. Why do they call it a wild
turkey?"
[1] The letter "z" not pronounced in Scotch.
"Because it isn't a turkey. That is quite sufficient reason for a
gamekeeper. The capercailzie is the biggest grouse there is, you know,
and sometimes weighs very many pounds."
"And didn't we find the nest of one in a spruce tree last spring."
"Ay, and six eggs that we didn't touch; and I've never put any faith
again in that ignoramus of a book, that would have us believe the birds
always build on the bare ground."
"Written by an Englishman, no doubt, Duncan, who had never placed a foot
on our native heath. But now let us get back to breakfast. I wonder
where our little sister Flora is."
"I heard her gun about ten minutes ago; she can't be far off. Besides
Viking is with her, so she is safe enough. Give the curlew's scream and
she'll soon appear."
"Like the wild scream of the curlew,
From crag to crag the signal flew."
Duncan threw down his gun beside the dead game, and, placing his fingers
in his mouth, gave a perfect imitation of this strange bird's cry:
"Who-o-o-eet, who-o-o-eet (these in long-drawn notes, then quicker and
quicker), who-eet, who-eet, wheet, wheet, wheet, wheet, who-ee!"
The boys did not have long to wait for an answer. For Duncan, the elder,
who was about sixteen, with a stalwart well-knit frame, and even a
budding moustachelet, had hardly finished, when far down in a dark
spruce thicket sounded the barking of a dog, which could only belong to
one of a very large breed.
He entered the glade in which the brothers stood not many seconds after.
He entered with a joyous bound and bark, his great shaggy coat, black as
the raven's wing, afloat on his shoulders and back; his white teeth
flashing; and a yard or two, more or less, of a red ribbon of a tongue
hanging out of his mouth.
Need I say he was a noble Newfoundland.
He stopped short and looked at the 'cailzie, then snuffed at it, and
immediately after licked his master's cheek. To do so he had to put a
paw on each of Duncan's shoulders, and his weight nearly bore him to the
ground.
But see, here comes little Flora herself--she is only twelve; her
brothers are both dressed in the kilt of hill tartan, and Flora's frock
is but a short one, showing to advantage a pair of batten legs encased
in galligaskins; fair hair, streaming like a shower of gold over her
shoulders; blue eyes, and a lively very pretty face. But across that
independent wee nose of hers is quite a bridge of freckles, which
extends half-way across her cheeks.
Now a child of her tender years would, in many parts of England, be
treated quite as a child. It was quite the reverse at Glenvoie. Flora
was in reality a little model of wisdom, and many a bit of good advice
she gave her brothers--not that they bothered taking it, though both
loved her dearly.
Flora carried a little gun--a present from her father, who was very
proud of her exploits and worldly wisdom, and across her shoulders was
slung a bag, which appeared to be well filled.
"Hillo, Siss!" cried Duncan. "Any cheer?"
"Oh, yes, three wild pigeons! But what a lovely great wild turkey! I'm
sure, Duncan, it was a pity to kill him!"
"Sport, Sissie, sport!" said Duncan.
Yet as he looked at the splendidly plumaged bird which his gun had laid
low in death, he smothered a sigh. He half repented now having killed
the 'cailzie.
Homeward next, for all were hungry, and in the old-fashioned hall of the
house of Glenvoie breakfast would be waiting for them. Through the
forest dark and deep, across a wide and clear brown stream by
stepping-stones, a stream that in England would be called a river, then
on to a broad heathy moorland, with here and there a cottage and little
croft.
Poor enough these were in all conscience, but they afforded meal and
milk to the owners and their children. Chubby-cheeked hardy little chaps
these were. They ran to gate or doorway to greet our young heroes with
cheers shrill and many, and Flora smiled her sweetest on them. Neither
stockings nor shoes nor caps had they, winter or summer, and when they
grew up many of them would join the army, and be first in every bayonet
charge where tartans would wave and bonnets nod.
Laird M'Vayne himself came to the porch to meet his children. These
were all he had, and their mother was an invalid.
An excellent specimen of the Highland laird was this Chief M'Vayne. As
sturdy and strong in limb as a Hercules, broad in shoulder, and though
sixty years and over, as straight as an arrow. His was a fearless face,
but handsome withal, and he never looked better than when he smiled.
Smiling was natural to him, and came straight from the heart, lighting
up his whole face as morning sunshine lights the sea.
"Better late than never, boys. What ho! a capercailzie!"
Then he placed his hand so kindly on Duncan's shoulder.
"It was a good shot, I can see," he said, "and now we won't kill any
more of these splendid birds. I want the woods to swarm with them."
"No, father," said Duncan, "this is the last, and I shall send to
Glasgow for eyes, and stuff and set him up myself."
Then the Laird hoisted Flora, gun, game-bag and all, right on top of his
broad left shoulder and carried her inside, while Viking, enjoying the
fun, made house and "hallan" ring with his gladsome barking.
Ever see or partake of a real Highland breakfast, reader? A pleasure
you have before you, I trust. And had you been at Glenvoie House on this
particular morning, the very sight of that meal would have given you an
appetite, while partaking of it would have made you feel a man.
That was real porridge to begin with, a little lake of butter in the
centre of each plate and creamy milk to flank it. Different indeed from
the clammy, saltless saucers of poultice Englishmen shiver over of a
morning at hotels, making themselves believe they are partaking of
Scotia's own _own_ dish.
All did justice to the porridge, and Viking had a double allowance.
There was beautiful mountain trout to follow, cold game, and fresh
herrings with potatoes. Marmalade and honey with real oat-cakes
finished the banquet.
About this time, gazing across the lawn from the great window, Duncan
could see the runner bringing the post-bag. Runner he might well be
called. He had come twenty miles that morning with the mails, trotting
all the way.
Duncan threw open the window, and with a smile and order for postie to
go round to the kitchen for a "piece" and a "drink", he received the
bag.
The arrival of the runner was always one of the chief events of the day,
for the Laird "let" his shootings every season, and had friends in every
part of the kingdom.
So had the boys.
"Ah!" said their father, opening a letter which he had reserved to the
last. "Here is one from our distant relative, Colonel Trelawney."
"Oh! do read it out," cried Flora impulsively.
Her father obeyed, as all dutiful fathers do when they receive a command
from juvenile daughters.
"_Maida Vale, London._
"_My dear 42nd cousin,--I think that is about our relationship. Well, I
was never good at counting kin, so we must let it stand at that.
Heigho! That is my 42nd sigh since breakfast time, and it isn't the
luncheon hour yet. But I couldn't quite tell you what I am sighing for;
I think it must be for the Highland moors around you, on which I enjoyed
so glorious a time in August. Heigho! (43rd). Your hills must still
be clad in the crimson and purple glory of heath and heather whence
scattered coveys or whirring wings spring skywards (Poetry!)._
"_Well now, I've got something to propose. Since his poor mother died,
my boy Frank--fifteen next birthday, you know--has not seemed to thrive
well. He is a capital scholar, and is of a very inventive turn of mind.
He delights in the country, and when he and I bike away down into the
greenery of fields and woods he always looks better and happier. But at
home he has nothing to look at that is natural--a few misshapen trees
only, a shaven lawn, evergreens, and twittering sparrows._
"_He is lively enough, and plays the fiddle charmingly. He is only a
London lad after all, and his pale face bears witness to the fact._
"_Well, cousin, fair exchange is no robbery. Send me your two boys up
here to spend the winter, and then I'll send the whole three down to you
to put in the spring and summer. Expected results? Is that what you
ask, cousin mine? Well, they are these. A little insight into London
life will assist in toning down the fiery Highland exuberance of your
brave lads, and will help to make them young men of the world. While a
spell among your Highland hills shall put more life-blood into my boy,
and make him stronger, braver, and heartier._"
"Ha! ha! ha!" laughed Duncan. "He is going to civilize us, is he, daddy
dear? We'll have to wear frock-coats, long hats and long faces, and
carry umbrellas. What do you think of that, Conal?"
"Why," said Conal disdainfully, "umbrellas are only for old wives and
Sassenachs. The plaid for me."
"And me!"
"Well, but listen," said the Laird laughing.
"_Your boys,_" says the colonel, "_must come to us dressed in their
hill-tartan kilts, and have dress tartans to wear at evening parties.
The English are fond of chaffing the Scot, but, mind you, they love him
all the same, and can quite appreciate all the deeds of derring-do he
accomplishes on the field of battle, as well as his
long-business-headedness on the Stock Exchange. Heigho! (sigh the
44th), had I been a Scot I'd have been a richer man to-day instead of
having to maintain a constant fight to keep the wolf from the door. But
you, dear cousin, must be fairly wealthy._"
It was Laird M'Vayne's turn to sigh now, for alas! he was far indeed
from rich, and, young as they were, both his boys knew it. And between
you and me and the binnacle, reader, the lads used to pray every night,
that Heaven might enable them when they came to man's estate, or even
before, to do something for the parents who had been so good to them.
"_Well,_" the letter ran on, "_I sha'n't say any more, only you will let
the laddies (that is Scotch, isn't it?) come, won't you, cousin? and if
we can only find out the time of the boat's arrival, Frank and I shall
be at the dock waiting for them._"
"Hurrah!" cried Duncan,
"Hurrah!" cried Conal.
"And you won't be sorry to leave me and the old home, will you?" said
M'Vayne.
"Oh, indeed, indeed we will, daddy," cried Duncan, "and we'll think
about you all and pray for you too, every day and night. Won't we,
Conal?"
"Of course we will."
Then the younger lad went and threw his arms round his father's neck,
leaned his cheek against his breast, in truly Celtic fashion, and there
were tears in his eyes.
"Besides," said Duncan, "the change will do us such a heap of good, and
by all we read London must be the grandest place in the whole wide
world."
"Streets paved with gold, eh? Houses tiled with sheets of solid silver
that glitter daily in the noonday sun. No poverty, no vice, no crime in
London. Is that your notion of London, my son?"
"Well," replied Duncan laughing, "it may not be quite so bright as all
that, daddy, but I am sure of one thing."
"Yes?"
"If the streets are not paved with gold, nor the houses tiled with
silver, there is money to be made in the city by any honest business
Scot who cares to work and wants to win."
"Bravo, Duncan!
"In the lexicon of youth which fate reserves
For a bright manhood, there is no such word as Fail."
----
For the next two or three weeks, although the boys with their plucky
little sister went every day either to the hill or woods to shoot, or to
the burn to fish, there was very little talked about except the coming
excursion to the great city of London.
Mrs. M'Vayne was at present confined to her room, and, being nervous,
the thought of losing her boys even for a short four or five months made
her heart feel sad indeed, and it took them all their time to reassure
her.
"No, no, lads," she would cry almost petulantly; "I cannot be happy
until I see you in the glen once more, safe and sound!"
Two weeks passed--oh, ever so quickly--away, and the last week was to be
devoted wholly and solely to the packing of trunks, a very pleasurable
and hopeful employment indeed.
Duncan was _facile princeps_ at this work, and he kept a note-book
always near, so that whenever he thought about anything he might need,
he wrote it down--just as if it had not been possible to get every
article he might require in great London, from a needle to an anchor.
Only, as he told his brother Conal, "It is far better to be sure than
sorry."
Well, the last day--the last sad day--came round at last and farewells
had to be said on both sides.
Mrs. M'Vayne kept up as well as she could, and so did the boys.
_Noblesse oblige_, you know, for although their father was but a
Highland la | 385.558405 |
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Produced by Les Bowler
LIVES OF THE POETS: GAY, THOMSON, YOUNG, and OTHERS
By Samuel Johnson
Contents.
Introduction by Henry Morley.
William King.
Charles Montague, Earl of Halifax.
Dr. Thomas Parnell.
Samuel Garth.
Nicholas Rowe.
John Gay.
Thomas Tickell.
William Somervil[l]e.
James Thomson.
Dr. Isaac Watts.
Ambrose Philips.
Gilbert West.
William Collins.
John Dyer.
William Shenstone.
Edward Young.
David Mallet.
Mark Akenside.
Thomas Gray.
George Lyttelton.
INTRODUCTION.
This volume contains a record of twenty lives, of which only one--that
of Edward Young--is treated at length. It completes our edition of
Johnson's Lives of the Poets, from which a few only of the briefest and
least important have been omitted.
The eldest of the Poets here discussed were Samuel Garth, Charles
Montague (Lord Halifax), and William King, who were born within the
years 1660-63. Next in age were Addison's friend Ambrose Philips,
and Nicholas Rowe the dramatist, who was also the first editor of
Shakespeare's plays after the four folios had appeared. Ambrose Philips
and Rowe were born in 1671 and 1673, and Isaac Watts in 1674. Thomas
Parnell, born in 1679, would follow next, nearly of like age with Young,
whose birth-year was 1681. Pope's friend John Gay was of Pope's age,
born in 1688, two years later than Addison's friend Thomas Tickell, who
was born in 1686. Next in the course of years came, in 1692, William
Somerville, the author of "The Chace." John Dyer, who wrote "Grongar
Hill," and James Thomson, who wrote the "Seasons," were both born in the
year 1700. They were two of three poets--Allan Ramsay, the third--who,
almost at the same time, wrote verse instinct with a fresh sense of
outward Nature which was hardly to be found in other writers of
that day. David Mallet, Thomson's college-friend and friend of
after-years--who shares with Thomson the curiosity of critics who would
decide which of them wrote "Rule Britannia"--was of Thomson's age.
The other writers of whose lives Johnson here gives his note were men
born in the beginning of the eighteenth century: Gilbert West, the
translator of Pindar, in 1706; George Lyttelton, in 1709. William
Shenstone, whose sense of Nature, although true, was mixed with the
conventions of his time, and who once asked a noble friend to open a
waterfall in the garden upon which the poet spent his little patrimony,
was born in 1714; Thomas Gray, in 1716; William Collins, in 1720; and
Mark Akenside, in 1721. In Collins, while he lived with loss of reason,
Johnson, who had fears for himself, took pathetic interest. Akenside
could not interest him much. Akenside made his mark when young with "The
Pleasures of Imagination," a good poem, according to the fashion of the
time, when read with due consideration as a young man's first venture
for fame. He spent much of the rest of his life in overloading it with
valueless additions. The writer who begins well should let well alone,
and, instead of tinkering at bygone work, follow the course of his own
ripening thought. He should seek new ways of doing worthy service in the
years of labour left to him.
H. M.
KING.
William King was born in London in 1663; the son of Ezekiel King, a
gentleman. He was allied to the family of Clarendon.
From Westminster School, where he was a scholar on the foundation under
the care of Dr. Busby, he was at eighteen elected to Christ Church
in 1681; where he is said to have prosecuted his studies with so much
intenseness and activity, that before he was eight years' standing he
had read over, and made remarks upon, twenty-two thousand odd hundred
books and manuscripts. The books were certainly not very long, the
manuscripts not very difficult, nor the remarks very large; for the
calculator will find that he despatched seven a day for every day of
his eight years; with a remnant that more than satisfies most other
students. He took his degree in the most expensive manner, as a GRAND
COMPOUNDER; whence it is inferred that he inherited a considerable
fortune.
In 1688, the same year in which he was made Master of Arts, he published
a confutation of Varillas's account of Wickliffe; and, engaging in the
study of the civil law, became Doctor in 1692, and was admitted advocate
at Doctors' Commons.
He had already made some translations from the French, and written some
humorous and satirical pieces; when, in 1694, Molesworth published his
"Account of Denmark," in which he treats the Danes and their monarch
with great contempt; and takes the opportunity of insinuating those wild
principles by which he supposes liberty to be established, and by
which his adversaries suspect that all subordination and government is
endangered.
This book offended Prince George; and the Danish Minister presented a
memorial against it. The principles of its author did not please Dr.
King; and therefore he undertook to confute part, and laugh at the rest.
The controversy is now forgotten: and books of this kind seldom live
long when interest and resentment have ceased.
In 1697 he mingled in the controversy between Boyle and Bentley; and was
one of those who tried what wit could perform in opposition to learning,
on a question which learning only could decide.
In 1699 was published by him "A Journey to London," after the method of
Dr. Martin Lister, who had published "A Journey to Paris." And in
1700 he satirised the Royal Society--at least, Sir Hans Sloane, their
president--in two dialogues, intituled "The Transactioner."
Though he was a regular advocate in the courts of civil and canon law,
he did not love his profession, nor, indeed, any kind of business which
interrupted his voluptuary dreams or forced him to rouse from that
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Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive)
THE
PEARL STORY BOOK
_Stories and Legends of
Winter, Christmas, and New Year's Day_
COMPILED BY
ADA M. SKINNER
AND
ELEANOR L. SKINNER
_Editors of "The Emerald Story Book,"
"The Topaz Story Book," "The Turquoise
Story Book," "Children's Plays," Etc._
[Decoration]
NEW YORK
DUFFIELD & COMPANY
1919
Copyright 1910 by
DUFFIELD & COMPANY
[Illustration: {Three shepherds look up at the sky, amazed}
_Drawn by Maxfield Parrish_]
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The editors' thanks are due to the following authors and publishers
for the use of valuable material in this book:
To T. C. and E. C. Jack of Edinburgh for permission to use "Holly" and
the legend of the "Yew" from "Shown to the Children Series"; to
Frederick A. Stokes Company for "The Voice of the Pine Trees," from
"Myths and Legends of Japan"; to the Wessels Company for "The First
Winter" by W. W. Canfield; to Julia Dodge for permission to use two
poems by Mary Mapes Dodge; to the Christian Herald for a poem by
Margaret E. Sangster, Jr.; to Lothrop, Lee and Shepherd for "The Pine
and the Flax" by Albrekt Segerstedt; to the Outlook Company for a
story by Mine Morishima; to the Independent for the poem "Who Loves
the Trees Best?"; to Laura E. Richards for her story "Christmas
Gifts"; to George Putnam and Sons for "Silver Bells" by Hamish Hendry,
and "The Happy Prince" by Oscar Wilde; to the Churchman for a story
by John P. Peters; to Dodd, Mead and Company for the story "Holly"
from the "Story Hour"; and "Prince Winter" from "The Four Seasons" by
Carl Ewald; to George Jacobs for "A Legend of St. Nicholas" from "In
God's Garden" by Amy Steedman; to A. Flanagan Company for "The New
Year's Bell" from "Christ-Child Tales" by Andrea Hofer Proudfoot; to
Jay T. Stocking and the Pilgrims Press for "The Snowball That Didn't
Melt" from "The Golden Goblet"; to the New York State Museum for
permission to use two stories contained in Bulletin 125, by Mrs. H. M.
Converse; to Small, Maynard and Company for "A Song of the Snow," from
"Complete Works of Madison Cawein."
The selections from James Russell Lowell, Edna Dean Proctor, Celia
Thaxter, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edith M. Thomas, Margaret Deland, John
Townsend Trowbridge, and Frank Dempster Sherman are used by permission
of, and by special arrangement with, Houghton, Mifflin Company,
authorized publishers of their works.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
WINTER STORIES AND LEGENDS
PAGE
Winter (selection) _James Russell Lowell_ 2
The Ice King (Indian legend) _Eleanor L. Skinner_ 3
A Song of the Snow (poem) _Madison Cawein_ 9
King Frost and King Winter
(adapted) _Margaret T. Canby_ 11
The Snowstorm (poem) _Ralph Waldo Emerson_ 18
The First Winter (Iroquois
legend) _W. W. Canfield_ 20
Snow Song (poem) _Frank Dempster Sherman_ 24
The Snow Maiden (Russian
legend. Translated from
the French) _Eleanor L. Skinner_ 25
The Frost King (poem) _Mary Mapes Dodge_ 30
King Winter's Harvest _Selected_ 32
Old King Winter (poem) _Anna E. Skinner_ 36
Sheltering Wings _Harriet Louise Jerome_ 37
Snowflakes (selection) _Henry Wadsworth Longfellow_ 41
The Snow-Image _Nathaniel Hawthorne_ 42
WINTER WOODS
The First Snow-Fall _James Russell Lowell_ 62
The Voice of the Pine Trees
(Japanese legend) _Frank Hadland Davis_ 63
The Pine Tree Maiden (Indian
legend) _Ada M. Skinner_ 68
The Holly _Janet Harvey Kelman_ 73
The Fable of the Three
Elms (poem) _Margaret E. Sangster, Jr._ 79
The Pine and the Willow _Mine Morishima_ 82
Why the Wild Rabbits Are
White in Winter
(Algonquin legend retold) _Eleanor L. Skinner_ 86
The Yew _Janet Harvey Kelman_ 93
How the Pine Tree Did
Some Good _Samuel W. Duffield_ 95
A Wonderful Weaver (poem) _George Cooper_ 105
The Pine and the Flax _Albrekt Segerstedt_ 107
The Fir Tree (poem) _Edith M. Thomas_ 110
Why Bruin Has a Stumpy Tail
(Norwegian legend) _Eleanor L. Skinner_ 111
Pines and Firs _Mrs. Dyson_ 116
Who Loves the Trees Best?
(poem) _Selected_ 131
CHRISTMAS EVERYWHERE
A Christmas Song _Phillips Brooks_ 134
The Shepherd Maiden's Gift
(Eastern legend) _Eleanor L. Skinner_ 135
Christmas Gifts _Laura E. Richards_ 141
Silver Bells (poem) _Hamish Hendry_ 146
The Animals' Christmas Tree _John P. Peters_ 147
A Christmas Carol _Christina Rossetti_ 162
Holly _Ada M. Marzials_ 164
The Willow Man (poem) _Juliana Horatia Ewing_ 175
The Ivy Green (selection) _Charles Dickens_ 178
Legend of St. Nicholas _Amy Steedman_ 179
Christmas Bells (selection) _Henry Wadsworth Longfellow_ 197
A Night With Santa Claus _Anna R. Annan_ 198
A Child's Thought About
Santa Claus (poem) _Sydney Dayre_ 208
Charity in a Cottage _Jean Ingelow_ 210
The Waits (poem) _Margaret Deland_ 223
Where Love Is There God
Is Also (adapted) _Leo Tolstoi_ 225
God Rest Ye, Merry Gentlemen _Dinah Mulock Craik_ 234
THE GLAD NEW YEAR
The Glad New Year (poem) _Mary Mapes Dodge_ 236
The Bad Little Goblin's
New Year _Mary Stewart_ 237
Selection _Robert Herrick_ 248
The Queen of the Year (poem) _Edna Dean Proctor_ 249
The New Year's Bell _Andrea Hofer Proudfoot_ 250
The New Year _Selected_ 256
The Child and the Year (poem) _Celia Thaxter_ 257
A Masque of the Days _Charles Lamb_ 258
Ring Out, Wild Bells (poem) _Alfred Tennyson_ 262
MIDWINTER
The Bells (selection) _Edgar Allen Poe_ 264
A January Thaw _Dallas Lore Sharp_ 265
The Snow Man _Hans Christian Andersen_ 276
The Happy Prince _Oscar Wilde_ 284
The Legend of King Wenceslaus
(adapted) _John Mason Neale_ 303
Midwinter (poem) _John Townsend Trowbridge_ 310
WHEN WINTER AND SPRING MET
Old Winter (poem) _Thomas Noel_ 314
The Snowball That Didn't Melt _Jay T. Stocking_ 315
Gau-wi-di-ne and Go-hay
(Iroquois legend retold) _Eleanor L | 385.81458 |
2023-11-16 18:23:29.8340780 | 3,622 | 6 |
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file was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive)
TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES:
Italicized text is surrounded by underscores: _italics_.
Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.
Inconsistencies in hyphenation have been retained.
Archaic or alternate spelling which may have been in use at the time
of publication has been retained.
SCENES IN THE WEST,
OR
The Sunday-School
AND
TEMPERANCE.
[Illustration]
BY A MISSIONARY.
PHILADELPHIA:
LUTHERAN BOARD OF PUBLICATION,
42 NORTH NINTH STREET.
1873.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873, by the
LUTHERAN BOARD OF PUBLICATION,
in the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the United States in
and for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.
Lancaster, Pa.:
INQUIRER PRINTING AND PUBLISHING COMPANY,
Stereotypers and Printers.
PREFACE.
The author of this volume has brought together a few incidents in
_real_ life to illustrate the power of godliness in the individual, and
the blessings of the Sunday-school, the influence of the prayer-meeting
and the cause of temperance in the church and in the community.
That the God of all our mercies may bless this little book to the
reader, is the prayer of the author.
[Illustration: CONTENTS]
CHAPTER. PAGE.
I. THE MISSIONARY 13
II. MISFORTUNES 27
III. RELIEF OBTAINED 39
IV. AN APPOINTMENT 45
V. THE MISSIONARY PREACHES 56
VI. MR. STEELE’S MEETING 62
VII. MR. MASON AND MR. WILSON 69
VIII. MISSIONARY VISITS 78
IX. OPPOSITION 84
X. SUNDAY-SCHOOL ORGANIZED--LOCAL PREACHER 92
XI. MR. KERR AND HIS FAMILY 98
XII. THE TEMPERANCE CAUSE 109
XIII. MR. TRUMAN--MISSIONARY’S DEPARTURE 118
XIV. WORKINGS OF THE SUNDAY-SCHOOL AND TEMPERANCE SOCIETY 123
XV. GEORGE AND MARY 134
XVI. MR. BROWN’S FAMILY 140
XVII. MISSIONARY AGAIN VISITS THE WEST 145
XVIII. DEATH 152
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
SCENES IN THE WEST.
CHAPTER I.
_THE MISSIONARY._
“The melancholy days had come,
The saddest of the year.”
All nature seemed to be resting in a quiet dreamy slumber. The bee
had well nigh laid up its winter store, and many of the birds were
preparing to leave for more genial climes in the sunny south. All these
were but the harbingers of the cold storms that were lingering behind
the snow-covered mountains of the north. Indian summer, the season of
romance, like the life of a humble Christian, leaves its loveliest
scenes to its departing hours. It was in the midst of these balmy days
that you might have seen a traveler with a worn satchel in one hand
and a staff in the other coming up a narrow lane leading to the home
of a prosperous Western settler. He walked slowly, for he had left
behind him many weary miles; his countenance, though calm, was pale and
languid; yet his eye seemed to bespeak the hope that here he might find
the much-needed rest.
Two men were standing beside the gate at the end of the lane when the
stranger came up. The one was a kindly disposed person with but little
force of character, and deficient in moral courage, whom we shall know
as Mr. Kerr. The other, whose name was Steele, was the owner of the
premises.
He was a large man, selfish and resolute, a conceited formalist,
bigoted, exceedingly headstrong, and greatly prejudiced against all
Christian zeal.
No sooner did Mr. Steele notice the approach of the stranger than he
turned to Mr. Kerr and exclaimed: “There, I’ll bet you, comes that
Sunday-school, temperance loafer I’ve heard so much of lately. I reckon
he expects to get in here; but I tell you, sir, my ‘shanty’ don’t hold
the like of him, while I’m boss here, ‘that’s said!’” This was uttered
with emphatic bitterness. To this passionate outburst Mr. Kerr ventured
a little palliation by the remark that he had heard that in the other
settlement the people seemed to like the missionary very well.
“_You_ would have nothing to do with his nonsense, would you?” retorted
Mr. Steele with a look of scorn.
“No,” feebly and insincerely muttered Mr. Kerr, “we have got along
so far without it, and I guess we can get along without it a little
further.”
“That’s my ticket,” sharply added Mr. Steele.
By this time the stranger had reached the gate. A calm, pleasant smile
lit up his pale countenance; and he accosted them with,
“Good evening, friends.”
“Good evening, sir,” responded Mr. Kerr.
“How d’ye do, sir,” thundered out Mr. Steele.
“This has been a very pleasant day,” ventured the traveler.
“Yes, sir,” curtly replied Mr. Steele.
“I am very tired,” continued the stranger; “could I stay with you
to-night?”
“You are the fellow who goes about lecturing on temperance, and getting
up Sunday-schools, aint you?” sarcastically rejoined Mr. Steele, his
face reddening.
“That is my calling,” meekly added the man of God.
“Then you don’t stay all night in my house; I don’t harbor fellows who
are too lazy to work,” sneeringly answered the excited Mr. Steele.
“But I am very tired, and my head aches badly; I’ll pay you well.”
“Cant help it. The sooner you make tracks the better,” retorted the
unfeeling man.
“I am afraid it will storm to-night,” continued the missionary,
pointing to a dark cloud which was looming up in the west.
“You might have stayed at home and minded your own business, instead
of minding other people’s, and kept out of this trouble,” replied Mr.
Steele, with a look so severe that the poor wanderer lost all hope of
any comfort or favor from this seemingly inhospitable dwelling; so he
inquired how far it was to the next house.
“That depends entirely upon which way you go,” mockingly answered the
hard-hearted man, with a wink to Mr. Kerr, and a conceited smile at the
unfeeling wit he had displayed.
“I expect to continue my labors westward,” gently added the missionary.
His soul was grieved at the hardness of this man’s heart, and for a
moment he felt like looking upon his persecutor with anger. But he
remembered that even his Lord and Master was mocked and derided; that
“when He was reviled, He reviled not again; but as a lamb before his
shearers is dumb, so He opened not his mouth.” And the humble follower
of the Man of Sorrows in silence offered up the prayer, “Father,
forgive them, they know not what they do.”
The door of common humanity being closed against him, he made up his
mind to continue his journey, let the dangers and privations be what
they might. An angel seemed to whisper, “I will lead thee in the way in
which thou shalt go;” so he took courage.
Being thirsty, he ventured to ask for a drink of water.
“You can go to the spring,” was the abrupt answer, and the cruel man
turned upon his heel, and in company with Mr. Kerr passed on to the
barn, leaving the suffering one standing by the gate alone.
But George, a lad of about ten years, and Mary, a little flower of
seven summers, had looked on and listened with the curiosity common
to children. Their hearts were filled with pity toward the poor man;
and, when even a drink of water was denied him, the inherent kindness,
implanted in all our natures, was instantly awakened.
In a moment, as the missionary turned the corner of the yard, the two
children met him each with “a cup of cold water.” “Here is good fresh
water, please drink,” said the little ones. His heart was melted at
this unexpected exhibition of kindness; and invoking a blessing upon
the dear children, he raised the cup to his lips and was refreshed.
He then opened his satchel, and gave each child a picture card and
Sunday-school paper, also cards for the men, together with a neat
little tract for their mother. Bidding them good-by, he with a sigh
resumed his lonely journey.
The children, happy in having done a kindness, hurried to their
mother, and were soon showing and admiring the papers and cards; she,
mother-like, very naturally shared their pleasure, but thought of the
stranger with a pang of regret, for she feared that he would take the
road leading into an unsettled region, infested with wild beasts and
roving Indians. After admiring the pictures, she told the children all
she knew of the Sunday-school, for which these beautiful things were
made, at the same time hoping that her husband’s opposition to them
might be removed.
“I wish there was Sunday-school here,” said George.
“Won’t there be Sunday-school here, mother?” exclaimed both at once.
“I’m afraid not,” said their mother, sorrowfully, knowing the hostility
of many of the neighbors toward anything of the kind.
“Why not, mother?” innocently asked the children.
This was one of those questions children often ask, and which it is so
hard to answer.
“I don’t know,” she replied, evasively, adding, “go give your father
and Mr. Kerr their cards. They are at the barn.”
Hurrying out, their noisy delight soon arrested the attention of the
men.
“What in the world is up now?” wondered their father.
“See here, father, see here!” exclaimed the children, holding out the
cards.
“Who gave you these?” said he, reaching out his hand for the gifts, and
suspecting the source.
“The man at the gate; we gave him a drink, and he gave us these
(showing their cards) and a little book for mother, and this one for
you and that one for Mr. Kerr.”
Looking for a moment at the engraving, he read, “For I was an
hungered, and ye gave me meat; I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink; I
was a stranger, and ye took me in.”
Instantly the terrible reproof, associated with these words, awakened
the man’s slumbering conscience. Writhing under its force he tried to
construe the innocent gift into an insult; then flinging it to the
ground he stamped his foot upon it.
At this exhibition of anger all the joy of the children vanished.
Mary began to cry, and George wondered what there was about the card to
offend his father.
In the meantime, Mr. Kerr had read his card. The words were, “And
_these_ shall go away into everlasting punishment, but the righteous
into life eternal.”
“What have you got?” sneeringly asked Mr. Steele, of his companion. Mr.
Kerr read the text with some emotion.
“Just what I expected! he thought to give us a cut,” said the angry
man, at the same time adding many abusive words.
Mr. Kerr tried to assent to the remarks, but the words upon the card
had touched his heart; and he felt like hating himself for having
yielded, against his convictions, to the unreasonableness of his
neighbor toward an unoffending stranger. Putting the card in his
pocket, he was compelled to be an unwilling listener to the tirade of
a would-be Christian (for Mr. Steele was a member of church) against
prayer-meetings, temperance societies and Sunday-schools.
As soon as practicable, Mr. Kerr left for home; his conscience still at
work, accusing him of cowardice, and partaking of another’s sin. “And
these shall go away into everlasting punishment,” like a poisoned arrow
was festering in his heart, until his guilty imagination conceived that
the card contained his eternal doom.
Meeting his wife at the door of his house, he handed her the fatal
card.
“Oh, the kind stranger gave you this!” she exclaimed with animation.
“He was here this afternoon, and gave each of us one of the same kind,
and left one for you. And then he prayed with us. I wish he would
settle here and get up a Sunday-school, of which he talked so much. I
believe he is one of the best of men.”
“I wish so too;” involuntarily broke from the full heart of the
stricken man; “I believe he is a good man. He came to Mr. Steele’s a
few hours ago, but was turned off.”
“Why didn’t you bring him home with you?” she asked.
“Well, I know I ought to have done so; but I was afraid of Mr. Steele,
who you know hates all such people.” To avoid any more questions on
the subject, he asked to see what the man had left for him. The card
was soon handed him, and he read: “Fear not them which kill the body,
but are not able to kill the soul; but rather fear Him who is able to
destroy both soul and body in Hell.”
This was another arrow from the quiver of the Almighty. His wife
soon detected the change that had come over him, and with becoming
solicitude endeavored to find out the cause; but in this her efforts
were evaded.
“I was afraid of Mr. Steele,” thought he, “who would not even dare
to kill my body--whilst I did not fear Him who is able to destroy my
soul.” Leaving him in his sorrow, we will return to Mr. Steele.
The children, mortified and discouraged, had left the barn, and gone to
their mother for consolation in their disappointment. This was always
afforded them; for never was a mother more kind to her little ones, and
yet more decided in her endeavors to train them in the right way.
Mr. Steele, being conscious of having done wrong, tried to rid himself
of his unpleasant feelings, by bustling about, doing first this, then
that, for relief. It was late before he entered the house, and lest he
should be suspected of regretting what he had done, he confronted his
wife with, “I wonder what kind of trash that loafer left here with you
and the children to-day? I guess he wants to set up an agency here.”
“They are in the bureau drawer, there,” said his wife, “shall I get
them for you?”
“No, I don’t want to see any more of the trash;” and, going into
another room, he sat down to read a political speech. But it failed
to interest him. The coming darkness, the looming up of heavy clouds
in the distance, the stranger out in the pathless wilds, the abused
privilege of doing good to--perhaps, after all--one of the followers
of the Redeemer; the text on the card with its indirect reproof, were
thoughts which crowded themselves upon his mind. For a moment he wished
that he had given the stranger shelter; but prejudice had too long held
sway to be thus easily set aside. He had taken a stand, and he would
maintain it, let the consequences be what they would.
[Illustration]
CHAPTER II.
_MISFORTUNES._
Our traveler, after leaving Mr. Steele’s, unfortunately took a road
leading from the inhabited portion of country. Night was approaching,
and the last sounds of human habitations had long since ceased to greet
his ear; he still walked on, however, hoping that some dwelling would
come into view.
The sun had set behind the great mountain of storm clouds in the west,
and twilight was drawing a curtain of darkness around. The clouds rose
higher and higher | 385.854118 |
2023-11-16 18:23:29.9341710 | 761 | 27 |
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(This file was produced from images generously made
available by The Internet Archive)
MABEL.
A NOVEL,
BY EMMA WARBURTON.
_IN THREE VOLUMES._
VOL. I.
LONDON:
THOMAS CAUTLEY NEWBY, PUBLISHER,
30, WELBECK STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE.
1854.
TO
MISS EMMA TYLNEY LONG,
THIS WORK
IS INSCRIBED
AS A SLIGHT BUT SINCERE EXPRESSION
OF GRATEFUL ESTEEM.
MABEL.
CHAPTER I.
Oh, timely, happy, timely wise,
Hearts that with rising morn arise,
Eyes that the beam celestial view,
Which evermore makes all things new.
New every morning is the love,
Our waking and uprising prove,
Through sleep and darkness safely brought,
Restored to life, and power, and thought.
KEEBLE.
One morning, early in the month of August, a few years since, the sun
rose lazily and luxuriously over the hills that bounded the little
village of Aston, which lay in one of the prettiest valleys of
Gloucestershire. The golden beams of that glorious luminary falling
first upon the ivy-covered tower of the little church, seemed, to the
eye of fancy, to linger with pleasure round the sacred edifice, as if
glad to recognize the altar of Him, who, from the beginning, had fixed
his daily course through the bright circle of the heavens, then pouring
a flood of brilliancy on the simple rectory, danced over the hills, and
played with the many windows of the old Manor House, which, situated at
a short distance from the church, formed one of the most striking
objects of the village.
Only here and there a thick volume of smoke rose from the cottages
scattered over the valley, while the only living object visible was a
young man, who thus early walked down the steep and winding path, which
led from the rectory, and strolled leisurely forward, as if attracted by
the beauties of the early morning. The slow pace with which he moved
seemed to betoken either indolence or fatigue, while his dress, which
was of the latest fashion, slightly contrasted with the ancient-looking
simplicity of the place.
Captain Clair, for such was his name, had quitted his regiment, then in
India, and returned to England, with the hope of recruiting his health,
which had been considerably impaired by his residence abroad.
On the preceding evening, he had arrived at the rectory, upon a visit to
his uncle, who wished him to try the bracing air of Gloucestershire as a
change from town, where he had been lingering for some little time since
his return to England.
In person, the young officer was slight and well made, with a becoming
military air; his countenance light and fresh, spite of Indian
suns, and, on the whole, prepossessing, though not untinged by certain
worldly characters, as if he had entered perhaps too thoughtlessly on a
world of sin and temptation.
There is, however, something still and holy in the early morning, when
the sin and folly of nature has slept, or seemed to sleep, and life
again awakes with | 385.954211 |
2023-11-16 18:23:29.9344610 | 5,850 | 17 |
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(https://archive.org/details/mrspendletonsfou00atherich).
_LITTLE NOVELS BY_
_FAVOURITE AUTHORS_
Mrs. Pendleton’s
Four-in-hand
GERTRUDE ATHERTON
[Illustration: Gertrude Atherton]
[Illustration]
Mrs. Pendleton’s
Four-in-hand
BY
GERTRUDE ATHERTON
AUTHOR OF “THE CONQUEROR,” ETC.
New York
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
LONDON: MACMILLAN & CO., LTD.
1903
_All rights reserved_
[Illustration]
COPYRIGHT, 1902,
BY MRS. GERTRUDE ATHERTON.
COPYRIGHT, 1903,
BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.
* * * * *
Set up, electrotyped, and published June, 1903.
Norwood Press
J. S. Cushing & Co.—Berwick & Smith Co.
Norwood, Mass., U.S.A.
ILLUSTRATIONS
Portrait of Gertrude Atherton _Frontispiece_
FACING PAGE
“‘I have been insulted’” 11
“‘Well, why don’t you go?’” 87
[Illustration]
MRS. PENDLETON’S
FOUR-IN-HAND
I
Jessica, her hands clenched and teeth set, stood looking with hard
eyes at a small heap of letters lying on the floor. The sun, blazing
through the open window, made her blink unconsciously, and the ocean’s
deep voice rising to the Newport sands seemed to reiterate:—
“Contempt! Contempt!”
Tall, finely pointed with the indescribable air and style of the New
York woman, she did not suggest intimate knowledge of the word the ocean
hurled to her. In that moss-green room, with her haughty face and clean
skin, her severe faultless gown, she rather suggested the type to whom
poets a century hence would indite their sonnets—when she and her kind
had been set in the frame of the past. And if her dress was
conventional, she had let imagination play with her hair. The clear
evasive colour of flame, it was brushed down to her neck, parted,
crossed, and brought tightly up each side of her head just behind her
ears. Meeting above her bang, the curling ends allowed to fly loose, it
vaguely resembled Medusa’s wreath. Her eyes were grey, the colour of
mid-ocean, calm, beneath a grey sky. Not twenty-four, she had the repose
and “air” of one whose cradle had been rocked by Society’s foot; and
although at this moment her pride was in the dust, there was more anger
than shame in her face.
The door opened and her hostess entered. As Mrs. Pendleton turned slowly
and looked at her, Miss Decker gave a little cry.
[Illustration: “‘I HAVE BEEN INSULTED.’”]
“Jessica!” she said, “what is the matter?”
“I have been insulted,” said Mrs. Pendleton, deliberately. She felt a
savage pleasure in further humiliating herself.
“Insulted! You!” Miss Decker’s correct voice and calm brown eyes could
not have expressed more surprise and horror if a foreign diplomatist had
snapped his fingers in the face of the President’s wife. Even her sleek
brown hair almost quivered.
“Yes,” Mrs. Pendleton went on in the same measured tones; “four men have
told me how much they despise me.” She walked slowly up and down the
room. Miss Decker sank upon the divan, incredulity, curiosity,
expectation, feminine satisfaction marching across her face in rapid
procession.
“I have always maintained that a married woman has a perfect right to
flirt,” continued Mrs. Pendleton. “The more if she has married an old
man and life is somewhat of a bore. ‘Why do you marry an old man?’ snaps
the virtuous world. ‘What a contemptible creature you are to marry for
anything but love!’ it cries, as it eats the dust at Mammon’s feet. I
married an old man because with the wisdom of twenty, I had made up my
mind that I could never love and that position and wealth alone made up
the sum of existence. I had more excuse than a girl who has been always
poor, for I had never known the arithmetic of money until my father
failed, the year before I married. People who have never known wealth do
not realise the purely physical suffering of those inured to luxury and
suddenly bereft of it: it makes no difference what one’s will or
strength of character is. So—I married Mr. Pendleton. So—I amused
myself with other men. Mr. Pendleton gave me my head, because I kept
clear of scandal: he knew my pride. Now, if I had spent my life
demoralising myself and the society that received me, I could not be
more bitterly punished. I suppose I deserve it. I suppose that the
married flirt is just as poor and paltry and contemptible a creature as
the moralist and the minister depict her. We measure morals by results.
Therefore I hold to-day that it is the business of a lifetime to throw
stones at the married flirt.”
“For Heaven’s sake,” cried Miss Decker, in a tone of exasperation, “stop
moralising and tell me what has happened!”
“Do you remember Clarence Trent, Edward Dedham, John Severance, Norton
Boswell?”
“Do I? Poor moths!”
“They were apparently devoted to me.”
Dryly: “Apparently.”
“How long is it since Mr. Pendleton’s death?”
“About—he died on the sixteenth—why, yes, it was six months yesterday
since he died.”
“Exactly. You see these four notes on the floor? They are four
proposals—four proposals”—and she gave a short hard laugh through lips
whose red had suddenly faded—“from the four men I have just mentioned.”
Miss Decker gasped. “Four proposals! Then what on earth are you angry
about?”
Mrs. Pendleton’s lip curled scornfully. She did not condescend to answer
at once. “You are clever enough at times,” she said coldly, after a
moment. “It is odd you cannot grasp the very palpable fact that four
proposals received on the same day, by the same mail, from four men who
are each other’s most intimate friends, can mean but one thing—a
practical joke. Oh!” she cried, the jealously mastered passion springing
into her voice, “that is what infuriates me—more even than the
insult—that they should think me such a fool as to be so easily
deceived! O—h—h!”
“If I remember aright,” ventured Miss Decker, feebly, “the intimacy to
which you allude was a thing of the past some time before you
disappeared from the world. In fact, they were not on speaking terms.”
“Oh, they have made it up long ago! Don’t make any weak explanations,
but tell me how to turn the tables on them. I would give my hair and
wear a grey wig—my complexion and paint—to get even with them. And I
will. But how? How?”
She paced up and down the room with nervous steps, glancing for
inspiration from the delicate etchings on the walls to the divan that
was like a moss bank, to the carpet that might have been a patch of
forest green, and thence to the sparkling ocean. Miss Decker offered no
suggestions. She had perfect faith in the genius of her friend.
Suddenly Mrs. Pendleton paused and turned to her hostess. The red had
come back to her curled mouth. Her eyes were luminous, as when the sun
breaks through the grey sky and falls, dazzling, on the waters.
“I have it!” she said. “And a week from to-day—I will keep them in
suspense that long—New York will have no corner small enough to hold
them.”
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
II
The hot September day was ten hours old. The office of the St.
Christopher Club was still deserted but for a clerk who looked warm and
sleepy. The postman had just left a heap of letters on his desk, and he
was sorting them for their various pigeonholes. A young man entered, and
the clerk began to turn over the letters more rapidly. The newcomer,
tall, thin, with sharp features and shrewd American face, had an
extremely nervous manner. As he passed through the vestibule a clerk at
a table put a mark opposite the name “Mr. Clarence Trent,” to indicate
that he was in the Club.
“Any letters?” he demanded of the office clerk.
The man handed him two, and he darted into the morning-room and tore one
open, letting the other fall to the floor. He read as follows:—
“Mon ami!—I have but this moment received your letter, which
seems to have been delayed. [“Of course! Why did I not think of
that?”] I say nothing here of the happiness which its contents
have given me. Come at once.
“Jessica Pendleton.
“Our engagement must be a profound secret until the year of my
mourning is over.”
Trent’s drab and scanty whiskers seemed to curl into hard knots over the
nervous facial contortion in which he indulged. Nature being out of
material when at work upon him had seemingly constructed his muscles
from stout twine. An inch of it joining his nose to the upper lip, the
former’s pointed tip was wont to punctuate his conversation and emotions
with the direct downward movement of a machine needle puncturing cloth.
He crumpled the letter in his bony nervous fingers, and his pale sharp
grey eyes opened and shut with sudden rapidity.
“I knew I could not be mistaken,” he thought triumphantly. “She is
mine!”
In the vestibule another name was checked off,—“Mr. Norton
Boswell,”—and its owner made eagerly for the desk. His dark
intellectual face was flushed, and his sensitive mouth twitched suddenly
as the clerk handed him a roll of Mss.
“Never mind that,” he said hastily. “Give me my letters.”
The clerk handed him several, and, whisking them from left to right
through his impatient hands, he thrust all but one into his pocket and
walked rapidly to the morning-room. Seating himself before a table, he
looked at the envelope as if not daring to solve its mystery, then
hastily tore it apart.
“Mon ami! [Boswell, despite his ardour, threw a glance down a
certain corridor in his memory and thought with kindling eyes:
“Oh! with what divine sweetness did she use to utter those two
little words!” Then he fixed his eyes greedily on the page once
more.] I have but this moment received your letter, which seems
to have been delayed.” [“Ah!” rapturously, the paper dancing
before his eyes, “that accounts for it. I knew she was the most
tender-hearted creature on earth.”] “I say nothing here of the
happiness which its contents have given me. Come at once.
“Jessica Pendleton.
“Our engagement must be a profound secret until the year of my
mourning is over.”
Boswell, with quivering nostrils, plunged a pen into the ink-well, and
in that quiet room two hearts thumped so loudly that only passion and
scratching pens averted mutual and withering contempt.
As Boswell left the office a very young man entered it. He possessed
that nondescript blond complexion which seems to be the uniform of the
New York youth of fashion. The ciphers of the Four Hundred have achieved
the well-scrubbed appearance of the Anglo-Saxon more successfully than
his accent. Mr. Dedham might have been put through a clothes-wringer.
Even his minute and recent moustache looked as if each hair had its
particular nurse, and his pink and chubby face defied conscientious
dissipation. He sauntered up to the clerk’s desk with an elaborate
affectation of indifference, and drawled a demand for his mail.
The clerk handed him a dainty note sealed with a crest. He accepted it
with an absent air, although a look of genuine boyish delight thrust its
way through the fishy inertness of his average expression.
It took him a minute and a half to get into the morning-room and read
these fateful lines:—
“Mon ami,—[“Enchanting phrase! I can hear her say it.”] I have
but this moment received your letter, which seems to have been
delayed. [“Ah! this perfume! this perfume!”] I say nothing here
of the happiness which its contents have given me. Come at once.
“Jessica Pendleton.
“Our engagement must be a profound secret until the year of my
mourning is over.”
A rosy tide wandered to the roots of Mr. Dedham’s ashen locks, and he
made a wild uncertain dab at his upper lip. Again there was no sound in
the morning-room of the St. Christopher Club but the furious dashing of
pens, the rending of parchment paper, the sudden scraping of a nervous
foot.
A tall broad-shouldered young man, with much repose of face and manner,
entered the office from the avenue, glanced at the pigeon-holes above
the clerk’s desk, then sauntered deliberately into the morning-room and
looked out of the window. A slight rigidity of the nostrils alone
betokened the impatience within, and his uneasy thoughts ran somewhat as
follows:—
“What a fool I have been! After all my experience with women to make
such an ass of myself over the veriest coquette that ever breathed; but
her preference for me last winter was so pointed—oh, damnation!”
He stood gnawing his underlip at the lumbering ’bus, but turned suddenly
as a man approached from behind and presented several letters on a tray.
The first and only one he opened ran thus:—
“Mon ami!—I have but this moment received your letter, which
seems to have been delayed. I say nothing here of the happiness
which its contents have given me. Come at once.
“Jessica Pendleton.
“Our engagement must be a profound secret until the year of my
mourning is over.”
Severance folded the note, his face paling a little.
“Well, well, she is true after all. What a brute I was to misjudge her!”
He strolled back to the office. “I will go home and write to her, and
to-morrow I shall see her! Great Heaven! Were six months ever so long
before?”
As he turned from the coat-room Boswell entered the office by the
opposite door.
“The fellow looks as gay as a lark,” he thought. “He hasn’t looked like
that for six months. I believe I’ll make it up with him—particularly as
I’ve come out ahead!”
“Give me that package,” demanded Boswell dreamily of the clerk. Then he
caught sight of Severance. “Why, Jack, old fellow!” he cried, “how are
you? Haven’t seen you looking so well for an age. Don’t go out. It’s too
hot.”
“Oh, hang it! I’ve got to. I’m off for Newport to-morrow. It’s so
infernally dull in town.”
“Going to Newport to-morrow! So am I. My aunt is quite ill and has sent
for me. I’m her heir, you know.”
“No? Didn’t know you had an aunt. I congratulate you. Hope she’ll go
off, I’m sure.”
“Hope so. Here comes Teddy,—looks like an elongated rubber ball. It’s
some time since I’ve seen him so buoyant. How are you, Teddy?”
“How are you, Norton, old boy?” explained Dedham, rapturously. “How glad
I am to hear the old name once more! You’ve given me the cold shoulder
of late.”
“Oh, well, my boy, you know men will be fools occasionally. But give
by-gones the go-by. I’m going to Newport to-morrow. Can I take any
messages to your numerous—”
“Dear boy! I’m going to Newport to-morrow. Sea-bathing ordered by my
physician.”
“Jove! I am in luck! Severance is going over, too. We’ll have a jolly
time of it.”
“I should say so!” murmured Teddy. “Heaven! Hello, Sev, how are you?
Didn’t see you. As long as we are all going the same way we might as
well bury our hatchet. What do you say, dear boy?”
“Only too happy,” said Severance, heartily. “And may we never unearth it
again. Here comes Trent. He looks as if he had just been returned for
the Senate.”
“How are you?” demanded Trent, peremptorily. “You have made it up? Don’t
leave me out in the cold.”
Dedham made a final lunge for his deserting dignity, then sent it on its
way. “I should think not,” he cried, with dancing eyes. “Give me your
fist.”
In a moment they were all shaking each other’s hand off, and
good-fellowship was streaming from every eye.
“Come over to my rooms, all of you,” gurgled Teddy, “and have a drink.”
“With pleasure, my boy,” said Trent. “But native rudeness will compel me
to drink and run. I am off for Newport—”
“Newport!” cried three voices.
“Yes; anything strange in that? I’m going on vital business connected
with the coming election.”
“This is a coincidence!” exclaimed Boswell, with the appreciation of the
romanticist. “Why, we are all going to Newport. Dedham in search of
health, Severance of pleasure, and I of a fortune—only the old mummy is
always making out her cheques, but never passes them in. Well, I hope
we’ll see a lot of each other when we get there.”
“Oh, of course,” said Severance, hastily. “We will have many another
game of polo together.”
“Well,” said Dedham, “come over to my rooms now and drink to the success
of our separate quests.”
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
III
Miss Decker paced restlessly up and down the sea-room waiting for the
mail. Mrs. Pendleton, more composed but equally nervous, lay in a long
chair, with expectation in her eyes and triumph on her lips.
“Will they answer or will they not?” exclaimed Miss Decker. “If the mail
would only come! Will they be crushed?—furious?—or—will they
apologise?”
“I care nothing what they do,” said Mrs. Pendleton, languidly. “All I
wanted was to see them when they received my notes, and later when they
met to compare them. I hold that my revenge is a masterpiece—to turn
the joke on them and to let them see that they could not make a fool of
me at the same time! Oh! how dared they?”
“Well, they’ll never perpetrate another practical joke, my dear. You
have your revenge, Jessica; you have blunted their sense of humour for
life. I doubt if they ever even read the funny page of a newspaper
again. Here comes the postman. There! the bell has rung. Why doesn’t
Hart go? I’ll go myself in a minute.”
Mrs. Pendleton’s nostrils dilated a little, but she did not turn her
head even when the manservant entered and held a silver tray before her.
Four letters lay thereon. She placed them on her lap but did not speak
until the man had left the room. Then she looked at Miss Decker and gave
the letters a little sweep with the tips of her fingers.
“They have answered,” she said.
“Oh, Jessica, for Heaven’s sake don’t be so iron-bound!” cried her
friend. “Read them.”
“You can read them if you choose. I have no interest beyond knowing that
they received mine.”
Miss Decker needed no second invitation. She caught the letters from
Mrs. Pendleton’s lap and tore one of them open. She read a few lines,
then dropped limply on a chair.
“Jessica!” she whispered, with a little agonised gasp, “listen to this.”
Mrs. Pendleton turned her eyes inquiringly, but would not stoop to
curiosity. “Well,” she said, “I am listening.”
“It is from Mr. Trent. And—listen:—
“‘Angel! I think if you had kept me waiting one day longer you
would have met a lunatic wandering on the Newport cliffs. Last
night I attended a primary and made such an egregious idiot of
myself (although I was complimented later upon my speech) that I
shall never understand why I was not hissed. But hereafter I
shall be inspired. And how you will shine in Washington! That is
the place for our talents. After reading your reserved yet
impassioned note, I do not feel that I can talk more rationally
upon politics than while in suspense. What do you think I did? I
made it all up with Severance, Dedham, and Boswell, whom I met
just after receiving it. I could afford to forgive them. They,
by the way, go to Newport to-morrow. Farewell, most brilliant of
women, destined by Heaven to be the wife of a diplomatist—for I
will confide to you that that is my ultimate ambition. Until
to-morrow,
“‘Clarence Trent.’”
“Well! What do you think of that?”
A pink wave had risen to Mrs. Pendleton’s hair, then receded and broken
upon the haughty curve of her mouth.
“Read the others,” she said briefly.
“Oh! how can you be so cool?” and Miss Decker opened another note with
trembling fingers.
“It is from Norton Boswell:—
“‘You once chided me for looking at the world through grey
spectacles, and bade me always hope for the best until the worst
was decided. When you were near to encourage me the sky was
often pink, but even the memory of the last six months has faded
before the agonised suspense of these seven days. Oh! I shall be
an author now, if suffering is the final lesson. But what
incoherent stuff I am writing! Loneliness and despair are alike
forgotten. I can write no more! To-morrow! To-morrow!
“‘Boswell.’”
“Read Severance’s,” said Jessica, quickly.
“I believe you like that man!” exclaimed Miss Decker. “I think he’s a
brute. But you’re in a scrape. This is from the lordly Severance:—
“‘An Englishman once said of you, with a drawl which wound the
words about my memory—“Y-a-a-s; she flirts on ice, so to
speak.” Coldest and most subtle of women, why did you keep me in
suspense for seven long days? Do you think I believe that
fiction of the delayed letter? You forget that we have met
before. But why torment me? Did I not in common decency have to
wait six months before I dared put my fate to the test? How I
counted those days! I had a calendar and a pencil—in short, I
made a fool of myself. Now the chess-board is between us once
more: we start on even ground; we will play a keen and close
game to the end of our natural lives. I love you; but I know
you. I will kiss the rod—until we marry; after that—we shall
play chess. I shall see you to-morrow.
“‘S.’”
“Well, that’s what I call a beast of a man,” said Miss Decker.
“I hate him!” said Jessica, between her teeth.
She looked hard at the ocean. Under its grey sky to-day it was the
colour of her eyes, as cold and as unfathomable. The glittering
Medusa-like ends of her hair seemed to leap upward and writhe at each
other.
“I should think you would hate him,” said Miss Decker; “he is the only
living man who ever got the best of you. But listen to what your devoted
infant has to say. Nice little boy, Teddy:—
“‘Dearest! Sweetest! Do you know that I am almost dancing for
joy at this moment? Indeed, my feet are going faster than my
pen. To think! To think!—you really _do_ love me after all. But
I always said you were not a flirt. I knocked a man down once
and challenged him to a duel because he said you were. He
wouldn’t fight, but I had the satisfaction of letting him know
what I thought of him. And now I can prove it to all the world!
But I can’t write any more. There are three blots on this
now—the pen is jumping and you know I never was much at writing
letters. But I can talk, and to-morrow I will tell you all.
“‘Your own Teddy.
“‘P.S.—Is it not queer—quite a coincidence—Severance, Trent,
and Boswell are going to Newport to-morrow, too. How proud I
shall be! But no, I take that back; I only pity them, poor
devils, from the bottom of my heart; or I would if it wasn’t
filled up with you.
“‘T.’”
“Well, madam, you’re in a scrape, and I don’t envy you. What will you
do?”
Mrs. Pendleton pressed her head against the back of the chair, straining
her head upward as if she wanted the salt breeze to rasp her throat.
“I have been so bored for six months,” she said slowly. “Let them come.
I will see each of them alone, and keep the farce going for a week or
so | 385.954501 |
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AS OTHERS SAW HIM
AS OTHERS SAW HIM
_A RETROSPECT_
A. D. 54
"_It cannot be that a prophet perish out of Jerusalem_"
LUKE xiii. 33
[Illustration: Publisher's sign]
BOSTON AND NEW YORK
HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY
*The Riverside Press, Cambridge*
1895
Copyright, 1895,
BY HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO.
_All rights reserved._
_The Riverside Press, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A._
Electrotyped and Printed by H. O. Houghton & Co.
TO AGLAOPHONOS, PHYSICIAN OF THE GREEKS AT CORINTH, MESHULLAM BEN ZADOK, A
SCRIBE OF THE JEWS AT ALEXANDRIA, GREETING:--
_It was a joy and a surprise to me to hear news after many days from thee,
my master and my friend. To thee I owe whatever I have of Greek wisdom;
for when in the old days at the Holy City thou soughtest me for
instruction in our Law, I learnt more from thee than I could impart to
thee. Since I last wrote to thee, I have come to this great city, where
many of my nation dwell, and almost all the most learned of thy tongue are
congregated. Truly, it would please me much, and mine only son and his
wife, if thou couldst come and take up thy sojourn among us for a while._
_Touching the man Saul of Tarsus, of whom thou writest, I know but little.
He is well instructed in our Law, both written and oral, having received
the latter from the chief master among those of the past generation,
Gamaliel by name. Yet he is not of the disciples of Aaron that love peace | 422.375183 |
2023-11-16 18:24:06.3557560 | 121 | 11 | The Project Gutenberg Etext of Love or Fame; and Other Poems by Fannie
Isabelle Sherrick
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Produced by Charles Bowen, from page scans provided by the Web Archive
Transcriber's Notes:
1. Page scan source:
http://www.archive.org/details/lostmanuscripta01freygoog
2. Diphthong oe represented by [oe].
THE LOST MANUSCRIPT.
THE
LOST MANUSCRIPT
A NOVEL
BY
GUSTAV FREYTAG
Authorized Translation from the Sixteenth German Edition
_COMPLETE IN ONE VOLUME_
SECOND, UNALTERED EDITION
PART I
* * * * *
"_A noble human life does not end on earth
with death. It continues in the minds and
the deeds of friends, as well as in the thoughts
and the activity of the nation._"
* * * * *
CHICAGO
THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING COMPANY
LONDON: Kegan Paul, Trench, Truebner & Co.
1898
TRANSLATION COPYRIGHTED
--BY--
THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING COMPANY,
1887.
PUBLISHERS' PREFACE.
Gustav Freytag has expressed the central idea of his novel _The Lost
Manuscript_ in the motto which he has written for the American edition:
"A noble human life does not end on earth with death. It continues in
the minds and the deeds of friends, as well as in the thoughts and the
activity of the nation."
This idea of the continuity and preservation of soul-life permeates the
whole work. It meets us at every hand. We observe the professor in his
study, ever eager to fathom the thoughts of the great thinkers of the
past and imbuing his students with their lofty spirit. We sympathize
with the heroine of this novel, the strong, pious Saxon maiden, in her
religious and intellectual development; we behold her soul enlarging
under the influence of unusual and trying situations; we watch her
mentally growing amid the new ideas crowding in upon her. We enjoy the
droll characterizations of the half-educated, of Mrs. Rollmaus and the
servants, in whose minds the mysteries of soul-life appear in the shape
of superstitious notions. And we see, again, the consequences of
wrong-doing, of errors, and of mistakes continuing like a heavy curse,
depressing the mind and hindering its freedom. And this last provokes a
wholesome reaction and is finally conquered by unshirking courage in
honest spiritual combat.
Illustrations of psychical laws showing the connections and continuity
of the threads in the warp and woof of human soul-life, are found
indeed in all the works of Gustav Freytag. The great novelist
anticipated the results that have of late been established by the
experiments of modern psychology. He says in his Autobiographical
Reminiscences:
"What a man's own life accomplishes in the formation of his character,
and the extent to which it fully develops his native capacities, we
observe and estimate even in the best cases only with imperfect
knowledge. But still more difficult is it to determine and comprehend
what the living have acquired in the way of advancement and hindrance
from their parents and ancestors; for the threads are not always
visible that bind the existence of the present to the souls of
generations past; and even where they are discernible, their power and
influence are scarcely to be calculated. Only we notice that the force
with which they operate is not equally strong in every life, and that
sometimes it is too powerful and terrible.
"It is well that from us men usually remains concealed, what is
inheritance from the remote past, and what the independent acquisition
of our own existence; since our life would become full of anxiety and
misery, if we, as continuations of the men of the past, had perpetually
to reckon with the blessings and curses which former times leave
hanging over the problems of our own existence. But it is indeed a
joyous labor, at times, by a retrospective glance into the past, to
bring into fullest consciousness the fact that many of our successes
and achievements have only been made possible through the possessions
that have come to us from the lives of our parents, and through that
also which the previous ancestral life of our family has accomplished
and produced for us."
Is not this a revival of the old idea of the transmigration of souls?
To be sure, the soul is not a material thing made of an invisible and
airy substance, fluttering about after death and entering into another
body. There are no material migrations of soul taking place, however
tenuous the substance of the soul might be imagined to be. The memories
of the present, our recollection of | 422.573347 |
2023-11-16 18:24:06.5533680 | 792 | 9 | AMERICA, VOL. I (OF 8)***
E-text prepared by Giovanni Fini, Dianna Adair, Bryan Ness, and the Online
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generously made available by Internet Archive/American Libraries
(https://archive.org/details/americana)
Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this file
which includes the more than 200 original illustrations.
See 50801-h.htm or 50801-h.zip:
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Images of the original pages are available through
Internet Archive/American Libraries. See
http://www.archive.org/details/narrcrithistamerica01winsrich
Transcriber’s note:
Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).
Text enclosed by equal signs is in bold face (=bold=).
A carat character is used to denote superscription. A
single character following the carat is superscripted
(example: M^o). Multiple superscripted characters are
enclosed by curly brackets (example: 540.7^{mm}).
NARRATIVE AND CRITICAL HISTORY OF AMERICA
Aboriginal America
NARRATIVE AND CRITICAL HISTORY OF AMERICA
Edited by
JUSTIN WINSOR
Librarian of Harvard University
Corresponding Secretary Massachusetts Historical Society
VOL. I
Boston and New York
Houghton, Mifflin and Company
The Riverside Press, Cambridge
Copyright, 1889,
by Houghton, Mifflin and Company.
All rights reserved.
The Riverside Press, Cambridge, Mass., U. S. A.
Electrotyped and Printed by H. O. Houghton & Company.
[Illustration]
To
CHARLES WILLIAM ELIOT, LL. D.
PRESIDENT OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
_DEAR ELIOT:_
_Forty years ago, you and I, having made preparation together, entered
college on the same day. We later found different spheres in the world;
and you came back to Cambridge in due time to assume your high office.
Twelve years ago, sought by you, I likewise came, to discharge a duty
under you._
_You took me away from many cares, and transferred me to the more
congenial service of the University. The change has conduced to the
progress of those studies in which I hardly remember to have had a lack
of interest._
_So I owe much to you; and it is not, I trust, surprising that I desire
to connect, in this work, your name with that of your_
_Obliged friend_,
[Illustration]
CAMBRIDGE, 1889.
CONTENTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.
[_The cut on the title represents a mask, which forms the centre of
the Mexican Calendar Stone, as engraved in D. Wilson’s Prehistoric
Man, i. 333, from a cast now in the Collection of the Society of
Antiquaries of Scotland._]
INTRODUCTION.
PART I. AMERICANA IN LIBRARIES AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES. _The Editor_ i
ILLUSTRATIONS: Portrait of Professor Ebeling, iii; of
James Carson Brevoort, x; of Charles Deane, xi.
PART II. EARLY DESCRIPTIONS OF AMERICA, AND COLLECTIVE ACCOUNTS
OF THE EARLY VOYAGES THERETO. _The Editor_ xix
| 422.573408 |
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Produced by Darleen Dove, Beth, Shannon Barker and the
Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
(This file was produced from images generously made
available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
A HUMBLE ENTERPRISE
BY ADA CAMBRIDGE
AUTHOR OF
"THE THREE MISS KINGS," "FIDELIS,"
"A LITTLE MINX," ETC.
_WITH ILLUSTRATIONS BY ST. CLAIR SIMMONS_
Second Edition
LONDON
WARD, LOCK, & BOWDEN, LIMITED
WARWICK HOUSE, SALISBURY SQUARE, E.C.
NEW YORK AND MELBOURNE
1896
[_All rights reserved_]
[Illustration: "Pinned the fragrant morsel to her throat."
_A Humble Enterprise._ _Page 97._]
CONTENTS.
CHAP. PAGE
I. THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL 9
II. HER FIRST FRIEND 24
III. AFLOAT 33
IV. THE HERO 45
V. HE MEETS THE HEROINE 56
VI. THE INEVITABLE ENSUES 69
VII. THERE ARE SUCH WOMEN IN THE WORLD 82
VIII. ANOTHER POINT OF VIEW 92
IX. THE POTENTIAL HUSBAND 105
X. AS THE WIND BLOWS 115
XI. NATURE SPEAKS 125
XII. TWO WISE MEN 138
XIII. TWO UNWISE WOMEN 150
XIV. A WEAK FATHER 159
XV. A STRAW AGAINST THE TIDE 171
XVI. A STAR IN TWILIGHT 184
XVII. "YOU NEED NOT EXPECT ME BACK" 193
XVIII. JENNY IS TREATED LIKE A LADY 204
XIX. WOMAN'S RIGHTS REFUSED 216
XX. SHE CARES NOT 228
XXI. THE BEST AVAILABLE 236
A HUMBLE ENTERPRISE
CHAPTER I
THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL
Joseph Liddon was deaf, and one day, when he was having a holiday in the
country, he crossed a curving railway line, and a train, sweeping round
the corner when he was looking another way, swept him out of existence.
On his shoulder he was carrying the infrequent and delightful
gun--reminiscent of happy days in English coverts and stubble
fields--and in his hand he held a dangling hare, about the cooking of
which he was dreaming pleasantly, wondering whether his wife would have
it jugged or baked. When they stopped the train and gathered him up, he
was as dead as the hare, dissolved into mere formless tatters, and his
women-folk were not allowed to see him afterwards. They came up from
town to the inquest and funeral--wife and two daughters, escorted by a
downy-lipped son--all dazed and bewildered in their suddenly transformed
world; and a gun and a broken watch and a few studs, that had been
carefully washed and polished, were the only "remains" on which they
could expend the valedictory kiss and tear. Their last memory of him was
full of the gay bustle of farewell at Spencer Street when he set forth
upon his trip. It was such an event for him to have a holiday, and to go
away by himself, that the whole family had to see him off. Even young
Joe was on the platform to carry his father's bag, and buy him the
evening papers, his train being the Sydney express, which did not leave
till after office hours. When they knew how the holiday had ended, their
bitter regrets for not having accompanied him further were greatly
soothed by the knowledge that they had gone with him so far--had closed
their life together with an act of love that had made him happy.
He had been born a gentleman in the technical sense, and had lived a
true man in every sense. In spite of this--to a great extent, probably,
because of it--he had not been very successful in the world; that is to
say, he had not made himself important or rich. Money had not come to
him with his gentle blood, and he had not had the art to command it, nor
ever would have had. It is a pursuit that requires the whole energies of
one's mind, and his mind had been distributed a good deal. He was fond
of books, which was a fatal weakness; he was fond of little scientific
experiments, which was worse; he was indifferent to the sovereign rule
of public opinion and the advantages enjoyed by those who can cut a
dash, which was worst of all. And, besides, he was deaf. He had begun to
grow deaf when quite a young man, after having a fever, and by the time
he was fifty one had to shout at him.
So, when at fifty-six he met his untimely end, because he could not hear
the train behind him, he was in the position of a clerk in a merchant's
office, highly valued and trusted indeed, but worth no more than L370
per annum, which salary he had received for sixteen years. The L70 had
paid the rent of the little house in which he had dwelt with his family
for the greater part of that time, and on the remainder they had lived
quite comfortably, in a small way, by dint of good management, without
owing a penny to anybody. Mrs. Liddon, otherwise a comparatively
uncultured person, was an accomplished cook and domestic administrator;
Jenny, the eldest daughter, in whom the qualities of both parents
blended, got up early in the morning to buy provisions at the market,
and did all the dressmaking for the family; Joe, a junior in his
father's office, paid something for his board, and otherwise kept and
clothed himself; and Sarah, the youngest, who had a bent spine, was
literary, like her father, in whose intellectual pursuits she had had
the largest share, and morally indispensable, though not practically
supporting, in the economy of the household.
When the father was gone, the income was gone too, and the home as it
had been. Mother and children found themselves possessed of L500, paid
by an insurance office, and their little family belongings, and a few
pounds that had been kept in store for the casual rainy day. To this the
firm who had employed him would have added a gift of L100 had the pride
of these humble folks allowed it; and their relatives were also
prepared to "do something" in the way of what seemed necessary help. But
the first resolution come to by the bereaved ones, when resolutions had
to be taken, was to decline all such help and depend upon themselves.
That being settled, they sat down to consult together as to how they
might invest their capital to the best advantage, so as to make it the
foundation of their future livelihood. Jenny called the meeting a few
days after their return from the funeral, and insisted that all should
rouse themselves to a sense of the extreme seriousness of the situation.
"We must at once set to work," she said impressively; "and we must not
shilly-shally about it either. Make your suggestions first, and then, if
I don't like them, I will make mine. What is your notion, mother?"
"Oh, my dear, I'm sure I don't know," quavered Mrs. Liddon, as she drew
forth the constant handkerchief; "I have no heart to think of anything
yet." She sobbed. "I suppose a boarding-house--that's the usual thing.
We _must_ have our own house and keep together; I could never bear to
part with any of you--all I've got now!" The handkerchief went to her
eyes, "Certainly we will all keep together," the children declared,
extending arms towards her. "That's understood, of course. That's what
we are planning for, first of all."
"And seeing that I can _cook_," whimpered the widow, "if I can't do
anything else----"
"Yes, dear," Jenny broke in. "But I don't think a boarding-house would
do, somehow. We haven't enough to make a good one, and to make it safe.
You see Melbourne simply swarms with them already."
"And you'd have to take men--women are no good, and, besides, there
aren't any--and I won't have all sorts of clerks and cads making free in
the house with my sisters," said young Joe severely.
"We needn't let them make free," said Jenny, smiling.
"And you're only a clerk yourself," said Sarah.
"And I don't think there's a boarding-house in the town that would have
a table like mine for the money," said his mother, with spirit, and with
the air of having considered the subject.
Jenny thought for a minute or two, rapidly; then she shook her head.
"Too much outlay," she objected, "and the result too uncertain."
"Everything is uncertain in this world," sighed Mrs. Liddon,
disappointed and discouraged. "Then what do you propose yourself, my
dear? A school?"
Jenny shook her head again. "The place is literally _stiff_ with them,"
she replied. "And, even if there were room for us, we are not
qualified."
"Let us have a four-roomed cottage," said Sarah, "and keep ourselves to
ourselves; have no servant, and take in sewing or type-writing."
"We should be insolvent in a couple of years or so," her sister replied,
"and we should <DW36> Joey."
"As to that," said Joey, "I'm not afraid. I _want_ to take care of you,
and I _ought_. I am the only man in the family, and women have no
business to work and slave while they have a man to do for them."
"My poor boy! On a hundred and thirty pounds a year!"
"It won't always be a hundred and thirty."
"No, Joe. We can do better than that. Thank you all the same, old
fellow."
"Well, tell us how you can do better."
He squared his arms on the table and looked at her. Her mother and
sister also looked at her, for it was evident that she was about to
bring forth her scheme, and that she expected it to impress them.
"What I should have _liked_," she began, "if there had been money enough
for a fair start--which there isn't--is a--quite a peculiar and
particular--not in any way a conventional--_shop_."
"Oh!"
"Good gracious!"
"Go _on_!"
"You needn't all look so shocked. A shop such as _I_ should have would
be a different kind of thing from the common, I assure you. I have often
thought of it. I have always felt"--with a smile of confidence--"that I
had it in me to conduct a good business--that I could give the | 422.675624 |
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The True Story of
THE AMERICAN FLAG
JOHN H. FOW
[Illustration: Fig. 8
FLAG CARRIED BY THE FIRST CITY TROOP OF PHILADELPHIA IN ESCORTING
WASHINGTON ACROSS THE JERSEYS ON HIS WAY TO TAKE COMMAND AT CAMBRIDGE]
THE TRUE STORY
OF THE
AMERICAN FLAG
BY
JOHN H. FOW
PHILADELPHIA
WILLIAM J. CAMPBELL
1908
Copyright, 1908
BY
JOHN H. FOW
* * * * *
INTRODUCTION
I was induced to make this research by the late William H. Egle,
Librarian of the State Library at Harrisburg, whose knowledge of the
early history of Pennsylvania was of valuable assistance to me in
preparing the data for a history of the country along the Delaware river
prior to 1682 (yet unfinished). Mr. Egle agreed with me that the claim
of Mr. Canby that BETSY ROSS designed and made the first flag was
legendary and without that foundation which is so necessary to uphold
claims of this character. Statements of such a character, when allowed
to go unrefuted, do harm to the history of any people, inasmuch as they
encourage others to build "air castles" and purchase old portraits to be
palmed off on others as _our_ "grandfather" who "fit" in the Revolution,
or _our_ "grandmother" who carried supplies to the troops at Valley
Forge.
History is the best incentive to make men love their country; it
encourages that patriotism which never falters, even at the cannon's
mouth. The sight of a flag or the music of a band merely enthuses as
long as one is in sight or the other can be heard; but history and its
knowledge are lasting and a source of pride. So, therefore, let it be
true in all its details, no matter who may fall from the high pedestals
upon which they have been placed by vain-glorious descendants.
JOHN H. FOW.
THE AMERICAN FLAG
"It will probably never be known who designed our Union of Stars, the
records of Congress being silent upon the subject, and there being no
mention or suggestion of it in any of the voluminous correspondence or
diaries of the time, public or private, which have been
published."--_Rear-Admiral Preble_.
So far as regards the adoption of the combination of stars and stripes,
the same assertion can be safely made. As to the origin of each this
research, it is hoped, will prove conclusively, first, that colored
stripes representing a combination for a common purpose were used nearly
two hundred years before the Declaration of Independence; second, that
stars were used in the union of a flag in November, 1775, on a flag
raised on a Massachusetts privateer commanded by Captain Manley
(see Fig. 1), and that they were also used in the design of the book
plate of the Washington family along with three stripes.
There can be no doubt that the stripes were made thirteen as a
mere matter of sentiment to represent the colonies engaged in the
Revolutionary struggle. As a matter of fact, the number thirteen
appeared in a large number of instances during the Revolution, and was
apparently used as an object lesson to remind the colonists that they
were united in a common cause.
The colors of the stripes have no special meaning or significance,
except that which anyone may apply who desires to make use of his
imagination, or who may become sentimental upon the subject. Many have
written and commented upon it; some have said that the red stripes mean
courage, others war, daring, determination, and so on, and that the
white stripes mean purity, peace, justice, or equity.
"Thy stars have lit the welkin dome,
And all thy hues were born in heaven."
As a matter of fact, the idea of stripes in a flag to represent a
combination for a common purpose originated in 1582 in the Netherlands,
and symbolized the union of the Dutch Republic in its struggles against
the power of Philip and the persecutions of Alva.
In a paper read before the New Jersey Historical Society by a Mr. Haven
in January, 1872, he suggested "that the combination of our flag, the
stars and stripes, were favored as a compliment to Washington, because
they were upon the book plate of the General's family." He further
stated "that the stars on the book plate were of Roman origin," and in
support quoted from Virgil "Redire ad astra," meaning and inferring that
a return to the stars meant a future home of peace and happiness for the
human race, and that is what this nation would eventually become.
Assertions and statements similar to the above may be quoted by the
score, wherein reasons are given based upon theory and imagination as
to the origin of the devices which compose our national banner.
The claim that has been made about Betsy Ross, who worked at
upholstering and as a seamstress during the Revolution, who is said to
have lived in a house either No. 80 or 89 Arch street, Philadelphia, now
said to be No. 239 Arch street, as having some time in June, 1776, made
and designed the first American flag as we now worship it, cannot be
corroborated by historical research.
The claim is one of that legendary type that the Rabbins of old handed
down for centuries, and which were believed to be true, until modern
investigation proved their falsity, or like the imagination of artists
who attempt to paint historical events without consulting details,
historical, and geographical. The two most notorious in our history are
Leutze's painting of Washington crossing the Delaware, and Benjamin
West's painting of William Penn treating with the Indians. As to the
first, I write from authority, having been designated to represent the
Legislature of Pennsylvania as one of a committee of three to act in
conjunction with the Trenton Battle Monument Committee to select an
historical subject for the medallion to be placed upon one of the four
sides of a monument, erected at Trenton, to represent Pennsylvania's
part in that memorable event, we chose as the subject "Washington
Crossing the Delaware," and the result of our labor, and investigation
in conjunction with the Monument Committee can be seen to-day on the
west side of the monument. The bronze tablet placed there by the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania truthfully delineates that notable event.
The late General Stryker, of New Jersey, aided us, and furnished us
books, and documents to obtain part of the data. The tablet represents
a small rowboat, with General Knox sitting in the bow of the boat, and
Washington in the stern, the man rowing the boat was a Mr. Cadwalader.
He lived at McKonkey's Ferry, on the Pennsylvania side of the river.
Leutze in his painting has Washington standing alongside of a horse in a
large scow, such as were used in those days on the upper Delaware to
take produce to the Philadelphia markets. A number of others are in the
same boat, one holding aloft a flag containing a blue union with
thirteen white stars--a flag that did not come into existence until six
months after the battle was fought.
[Illustration: FLAG CARRIED IN THE REVOLUTION BY COUNT PULASKI'S LEGION:
UNITA VIRTUS FORCIOR.]
As to West's picture, one need only look at it, and then read the facts
as related in any history of Pennsylvania, and it will be found how
historically untrue it is. One instance alone would be sufficient; that
is, in the painting, the vessel in which Penn came over is anchored
out in the river, when, as a matter of fact, she never came up to
Philadelphia. She was quarantined below Chester because of the smallpox,
and Penn was rowed up the river from Chester in a small boat, and landed
near the residence of the Swensons, two Swedes, who lived at Wicaco, and
from whom he bought the land comprising old Philadelphia. Again, the elm
tree is in full leaf, yet the "pow-wow" that Penn held with the Indians
took place in November, and elm trees do not have leaves on them in this
latitude in November. But why digress from the subject about which I
started to write, merely to show that artists and those seeking for
family distinction are not to be relied upon as truthful delineators of
history.
The Ross claim is based upon the assertions set forth in a paper read in
1870 by Mr. William Canby before the members of the Historical Society of
Pennsylvania. It was claimed in the paper or essay that from traditions
existing in the Ross family, Betsy Ross, the grandmother of Mr. Canby
on his mother's side, was the maker and designer of the first American
flag, and that she lived on Arch street. A research shows that a Betsy
Ross did live on Arch street; but the exact location is doubtful, and
that her maiden name was Griscom. She was married three times, first to
John Ross, second to Ashburn, and lastly to John Claypoole.
[Illustration: FLAG CARRIED IN THE REVOLUTION BY COUNT PULASKI'S LEGION:
NON ALIUSREGIT.]
It was asserted in the paper read that a committee of Congress, along
with General Washington, in June, 1776, called at her house, and engaged
her to make a flag from a rough drawing, which, not suiting her, was at
her suggestion, redrawn by Washington. From other traditional resources
it was also claimed, that Mrs. Ross changed the stars from six-pointed
to five-pointed. The whole claim is based upon tales told from memory
by relatives, no other proofs have ever been found, and a careful and
thorough research fails to discover any. In 1878 a pamphlet was
issued from the printing office of the State printer at Harrisburg,
Pennsylvania, written by a Mr. Reigart, based upon the above claim, and
calling Mrs. Ross "the immortal heroine that originated the first flag
of the Union." The book had an alleged portrait of Betsy Ross making
the first flag; but it was afterwards discovered that it was really the
portrait of an old Quaker lady who was living in Lancaster at the time
the book was written. The book was so unreliable that it made the Ross
claim appear ridiculous in the eyes of the public.
If Mrs. Ross made a flag in an Arch street house, as claimed, it was
made after a design that had been conceived and born somewhere else, and
her contribution was no more than her labor in sewing on some stars, the
same labor that is given by any girl or woman who works in a flag
manufactory. Even according to the paper which was read before the
Society in 1870 it is admitted that a design made by someone else was
taken to her, but that she made certain changes in it. Now, that is all
there is in the Betsy Ross claim; yet the growing youths of the nation
are being misled and taught an historical untruth when it is asserted
that Mrs. Ross designed, originated and made the first American flag,
and a lithograph has been issued showing that historical untruth, which
has not as good a foundation, in fact, as the two paintings to which I
have referred, because the events sought to be depicted in those two
cases did happen. All the sentiment exhibited over the Betsy Ross story
is lost upon those who have looked the matter up, and are conversant
with the history and growth of our national emblem, which I will now
take up. Those seeking for more elaborate details are referred to
Bancroft's History of the United States; Lossing's Field Book of the
Revolution; Philadelphia Times, April 6, 1877; The American, The
Colonial and the Pennsylvania Archives; Journals of Congress, Vols. 1
and 2; Preble's History of the Flag; Cooper's Naval History; Life of
John Adams; Hamilton and Sarmiento's Histories of our Flag; Sparks'
and Washington Irving's Lives of Washington; Washington's own letters,
diaries and other writings, and William Cullen Bryant's History of the
United States, in which pages 420 and 421 of the third volume he devotes
to a history of the flag, but nowhere does he mention the Ross claim. He
evidently, like myself, could not find any authority for it, yet his
history was published in 1879--nine years after the Ross claim was made.
There are many other authorities, but not one of them gives her the
credit claimed, and all of them except those written since the claim
was made, leaving out the Bryant history, do not | 422.675767 |
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generously made available by The Internet Archive)
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Transcribed from the 1903 Seeley & Co. Ltd. edition by David Price, email
[email protected]
EDINBURGH
_Picturesque Notes_
_by_
Robert Louis Stevenson
* * * * *
_People's Edition_.
* * * * *
LONDON
SEELEY & CO. LTD., 38 GREAT RUSSELL STREET
1903
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY.
The ancient and famous metropolis of the North sits overlooking a windy
estuary from the <DW72> and summit of three hills. No situation could be
more commanding for the head city of a kingdom; none better chosen for
noble prospects. From her tall precipice and terraced gardens she looks
far and wide on the sea and broad champaigns. To the east you may catch
at sunset the spark of the May lighthouse, where the Firth expands into
the German Ocean; and away to the west, over all the carse of Stirling,
you can see the first snows upon Ben Ledi.
But Edinburgh pays cruelly for her high seat in one of the vilest
climates under heaven. She is liable to be beaten upon by all the winds
that blow, to be drenched with rain, to be buried in cold sea fogs out of
the east, and powdered with the snow as it comes flying southward from
the Highland hills. The weather is raw and boisterous in winter, shifty
and ungenial in summer, and a downright meteorological purgatory in the
spring. The delicate die early, and I, as a survivor, among bleak winds
and plumping rain, have been sometimes tempted to envy them their fate.
For all who love shelter and the blessings of the sun, who hate dark
weather and perpetual tilting against squalls, there could scarcely be
found a more unhomely and harassing place of residence. Many such aspire
angrily after that Somewhere-else of the imagination, where all troubles
are supposed to end. They lean over the great bridge which joins the New
Town with the Old--that windiest spot, or high altar, in this northern
temple of the winds--and watch the trains smoking out from under them and
vanishing into the tunnel on a voyage to brighter skies. Happy the
passengers who shake off the dust of Edinburgh, and have heard for the
last time the cry of the east wind among her chimney-tops! And yet the
place establishes an interest in people's hearts; go where they will,
they find no city of the same distinction; go where they will, they take
a pride in their old home.
[Picture: Gate of Holyrood] Venice, it has been said, differs from
another cities in the sentiment which she inspires. The rest may have
admirers; she only, a famous fair one, counts lovers in her train. And,
indeed, even by her kindest friends, Edinburgh is not considered in a
similar sense. These like her for many reasons, not any one of which is
satisfactory in itself. They like her whimsically, if you will, and
| 422.682279 |
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Proofreading Team | 422.993554 |
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Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
book was produced from scanned images of public domain
material from the Google Books project.)
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
The contractions ’t and n’t for “it” and “not” have a space
before and after them, so we see “is n’t” and “wer n’t” and “’t is”
in the original text. These spaces are retained in this etext. The
consistent exceptions in both the text and the etext are “don’t”
“can’t | 423.273303 |
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http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
generously made available by The Internet Archive/American
Libraries.)
INTERNATIONAL INCIDENTS
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
London: FETTER LANE, E.C.
C. F. CLAY, MANAGER
_Edinburgh_: 100, PRINCES STREET
_London_: STEVENS AND SONS, LTD., 119 AND 120, CHANCERY LANE
_Berlin_: A. ASHER AND CO.
_Leipzig_: F. A. BROCKHAUS
_New York_: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
_Bombay and Calcutta_: MACMILLAN AND Co., LTD.
[_All Rights reserved_]
INTERNATIONAL INCIDENTS
FOR
DISCUSSION
IN CONVERSATION CLASSES
BY
L. OPPENHEIM, M.A., LL.D.
WHEWELL PROFESSOR OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
ASSOCIATE OF THE INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
Cambridge:
at the University Press
1909
_Cambridge:_
PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A.
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
Transcribers' Note: Inconsistent punctuation printed in the original
text has been retained.
PREFACE
For many years I have pursued the practice of holding conversation
classes following my lectures on international law. The chief
characteristic of these classes is the discussion of international
incidents as they occur in everyday life. I did not formerly possess
any collection, but brought before the class such incidents as had
occurred during the preceding week. Of late I have found it more useful
to preserve a record of some of these incidents and to add to this
nucleus a small number of typical cases from the past as well as some
problem cases, which were invented for the purpose of drawing the
attention of the class to certain salient points of international law.
As I was often asked by my students and others to bring out a
collection of incidents suitable for discussion, and as the printing of
such a little book frees me from the necessity of dictating the cases
to my students, I have, although somewhat reluctantly, made up my mind
to publish the present collection.
I need hardly emphasise the fact that this collection is not intended
to compete either with Scott's _Cases on International Law, selected
from decisions of English and American Courts_, or with Pitt
Cobbett's _Leading Cases and Opinions on International Law_, both
of which are collections of standard value, but intended for quite
other purposes than my own.
I have spent much thought in the endeavour to class my incidents into a
number of groups, but having found all such efforts at grouping futile,
I therefore present them in twenty-five sections, each containing four
cases of a different character. Experience has shewn me that in a class
lasting two hours I am able to discuss the four cases contained in
these sections.
I have taken special care not to have two similar cases within the same
section, for although there are no two cases exactly alike in the
collection, there are several possessing certain characteristics in
common. It is one of the tasks of the teacher and the students
themselves to group together such of my cases as they may think are
related to each other by one or more of these traits.
It has been suggested that notes and hints should be appended to each
case, but the purpose for which the collection is published is better
served by giving the incidents devoid of any explanatory matter. Should
this book induce other teachers of international law to adopt my method
of seminar work, it must be left to them to stimulate their classes in
such a way as to enable the students to discover on their own
initiative the solution of the problems.
I gladly accepted the suggestion of the publishers that the cases
should be printed on writing paper and on one side of the page only, so
that notes may be taken and additional cases added.
I am greatly indebted to Mr Dudley Ward, of St John's College,
Cambridge, my assistant, who has prepared the cases for the press and
read the proofs. In deciding upon the final form of each case so many
of his suggestions have been adopted that in many instances I do not
know what is my own and what is his work.
L. O.
WHEWELL HOUSE,
CAMBRIDGE,
_June 12th, 1909_.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
SECTION I.
1. A Councillor of Legation in Difficulties 1
2. Neutral Goods on Enemy Merchantman 1
3. American Coasting Trade 3
4. A German Balloon in Antwerp 3
SECTION II.
5. Use of the White Flag 5
6. A South American "Pseudo-Republic" 5
7. A Tavern Brawl 9
8. A Threatened Diplomatic Rupture 11
SECTION III.
9. Death Sentence on Russian Terrorists 11
10. The Case of De Jager 13
11. A Kidnapped Chinaman 15
12. A Case of Bigamy 15
SECTION IV.
13. A Shot across the Frontier 17
14. A Revolted Prize 17
15. Investments Abroad 19
16. Russian Coasting Trade 19
SECTION V.
17. Exceeding the Speed Limit 21
18. A New-born Island 21
19. An Irate Queen 23
20. An Incident in the Black Sea 23
SECTION VI.
21. The Case of the _Trent_ 25
22. A Double Murderer 25
23. A Masterful Customs Official 27
| 423.280801 |
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Produced by Nick Hodson of London, England
Golden Face
A Tale of the Wild West
By Bertram Mitford
Published by Trischler and Company, London.
This edition dated 1892.
Golden Face, by Bertram Mitford.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
GOLDEN FACE, BY BERTRAM MITFORD.
PREFACE.
An impression prevails in this country that for many years past the Red
men of the American Continent have represented a subdued and generally
deteriorated race. No idea can be more erroneous. Debased, to a
certain extent, they may have become, thanks to drink and other
"blessings" of civilisation; but that the warrior-spirit, imbuing at any
rate the more powerful tribes, is crushed, or that a semi-civilising
process has availed to render them other than formidable and dangerous
foes, let the stirring annals of Western frontier colonisation for the
last half-century in general, and the Sioux rising of barely a year ago
in particular, speak for themselves.
This work is a story--not a history. Where matters historical have been
handled at all the Author has striven to touch them as lightly as
possible, emphatically | 423.500697 |
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Produced by David Schwan
THE FAMOUS MISSIONS OF CALIFORNIA
by William Henry Hudson
Lately Professor of English Literature at Stanford University,
To
Bonnie Burckhalter Fletcher
With Affectionate Recollections of California Days
London, England, 1901
Contents.
I. Of Junipero Serra, and the proposed settlement of Alta California.
II. How Father Junipero came to San Diego.
III. Of the founding of the Mission at San Diego.
IV. Of Portola's quest for the harbour of Monterey, and the founding
of the Mission of San Carlos.
V. How Father Junipero established the Missions of San Antonio de
Padua, San Gabriel, and San Louis Obispo.
VI. Of the tragedy at San Diego, and the founding of the Missions of
San Juan Capistrano, San Francisco, and Santa Clara.
VII. Of the establishment of the Mission of San Buenaventura, and of
the death and character of Father Junipero.
VIII. How the Missions of Santa Barbara, La Purisima Concepcion, Santa
Cruz, Soledad, San Jose, San Juan Bautista, San Miguel, San
Fernando, San Luis Rey, and Santa Inez, were added to the list.
IX. Of the founding of the Missions of San Rafael and San Francisco
Solano.
X. Of the downfall of the Missions of California.
XI. Of the old Missions, and life in them.
XII. Of the Mission system in California, and its results.
THE FAMOUS MISSIONS OF CALIFORNIA.
I.
On the 1st of July, 1769--a day forever memorable in the annals of
California--a small party of men, worn out by the fatigues and hardships
of their long and perilous journey from San Fernandez de Villicata,
came in sight of the beautiful Bay of San Diego. They formed the
last division of a tripartite expedition which had for its object the
political and spiritual conquest of the great Northwest coast of the
Pacific; and among their number were Gaspar de Portola, the colonial
governor and military commander of the enterprise; and Father Junipero
Serra, with whose name and achievements the early history of California
is indissolubly bound up.
This expedition was the outcome of a determination on the part of Spain
to occupy and settle the upper of its California provinces, or Alta
California, as it was then called, and thus effectively prevent the more
than possible encroachments of the Russians and the English. Fully alive
to the necessity of immediate and decisive action, Carlos III. had sent
Jose de Galvez out to New Spain, giving him at once large powers
as visitador general of the provinces, and special instructions to
establish military posts at San Diego and Monterey. Galvez was a man of
remarkable zeal, energy, and organizing ability, and after the manner of
his age and church he regarded his undertaking as equally important from
the religious and from the political side. The twofold purpose of his
expedition was | 423.673486 |
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Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images
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(https://archive.org/details/americana)
Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
file which includes the original illustrations.
See 48642-h.htm or 48642-h.zip:
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or
(http://www.gutenberg.org/files/48642/48642-h.zip)
Images of the original pages are available through
Internet Archive/American Libraries. See
https://archive.org/details/servantofpublic00hope
A SERVANT OF THE PUBLIC
* * * * * *
BY THE SAME AUTHOR
A MAN OF MARK
MR. WITT'S WIDOW
FATHER STAFFORD
A CHANGE OF AIR
HALF A HERO
THE PRISONER OF ZENDA
THE GOD IN THE CAR
THE DOLLY DIALOGUES
COMEDIES OF COURTSHIP
THE CHRONICLES OF COUNT ANTONIO
THE HEART OF PRINCESS OSRA
PHROSO
SIMON DALE
RUPERT OF HENTZAU
THE KING'S MIRROR
QUISANTE
* * * * * *
[Illustration: "I SHOULD BE RATHER AFRAID NEVER TO CHANGE TO A PERSON.
IT WOULD MAKE HIM MEAN SO TERRIBLY MUCH TO ONE, WOULDN'T IT?" PAGE 62]
A SERVANT OF THE PUBLIC
by
ANTHONY HOPE
With Four Illustrations by Harold Percival, A.R.E.
Methuen & Co.
36 Essex Street W | 423.675439 |
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Produced by David Widger
MOTLEY'S HISTORY OF THE NETHERLANDS, PG EDITION, 1566-1574, Complete
THE RISE OF THE DUTCH REPUBLIC
By JOHN LOTHROP MOTLEY
1855
VOLUME 2, Book 1., 1566
1566 [CHAPTER VIII.]
Secret policy of the government--Berghen and Montigny in Spain--
Debates at Segovia--Correspondence of the Duchess with Philip--
Procrastination and dissimulation of the King--Secret communication
to the Pope--Effect in the provinces of the King's letters to the
government--Secret instructions to the Duchess--Desponding
statements of Margaret--Her misrepresentations concerning Orange,
Egmont, and others--Wrath and duplicity of Philip--Egmont's
exertions in Flanders--Orange returns to Antwerp--His tolerant
spirit--Agreement of 2d September--Horn at Tournay--Excavations in
the Cathedral--Almost universal attendance at the preaching--
Building of temples commenced--Difficult position of Horn--Preaching
in the Clothiers' Hall--Horn recalled--Noircarmes at Tournay--
Friendly correspondence of Margaret with Orange, Egmont, Horn, and
Hoogstraaten--Her secret defamation of these persons.
Egmont in Flanders, Orange at Antwerp, Horn at Tournay; Hoogstraaten at
Mechlin, were exerting themselves to suppress insurrection and to avert
ruin. What, meanwhile, was the policy of the government? The secret
course pursued both at Brussels and at Madrid may be condensed into the
usual formula--dissimulation, procrastination, and again dissimulation.
It is at this point necessary to take a rapid survey of the open and the
secret proceedings of the King and his representatives from the moment at
which Berghen and Montigny arrived in Madrid. Those ill-fated gentlemen
had been received with apparent cordiality, and admitted to frequent, but
unmeaning, interviews with his Majesty. The current upon which they were
embarked was deep and treacherous, but it was smooth and very slow. They
assured the King that his letters, ordering the rigorous execution of the
inquisition and edicts, had engendered all the evils under which the
provinces were laboring. They told him that Spaniards and tools of
Spaniards had attempted to govern the country, to the exclusion of native
citizens and nobles, but that it would soon be found that Netherlanders
were not to be trodden upon like the abject inhabitants of Milan, Naples,
and Sicily. Such words as these struck with an unaccustomed sound upon
the royal ear, but the envoys, who were both Catholic and loyal, had no
idea, in thus expressing their opinions, according to their sense of
duty, and in obedience to the King's desire, upon the causes of the
discontent, that they were committing an act of high treason.
When the news of the public preaching reached Spain, there were almost
daily consultations at the grove of Segovia. The eminent personages who
composed the royal council were the Duke of Alva, the Count de Feria, Don
Antonio de Toledo, Don Juan Manrique de Lara, Ruy Gomez, Quixada,
Councillor Tisnacq, recently appointed President of the State Council,
and Councillor Hopper. Six Spaniards and two Netherlanders, one of whom,
too, a man of dull intellect and thoroughly subservient character, to
deal with the local affairs of the Netherlands in a time of intense
excitement! The instructions of the envoys had been to represent the
necessity of according three great points--abolition of the inquisition,
moderation of the edicts, according to the draft prepared in Brussels,
and an ample pardon for past transactions. There was much debate upon all
these propositions. Philip said little, but he listened attentively to
the long discourses in council, and he took an incredible quantity of
notes. It was the general opinion that this last demand on the part of
the Netherlanders was the fourth link in the chain of treason. The first
had been the cabal by which Granvelle had been expelled; the second, the
mission of Egmont, the main object of which had been to procure a
modification of the state council, in order to bring that body under the
control of a few haughty and rebellious nobles; the third had been the
presentation of the insolent and seditious Request; and now, to crown the
whole, came a proposition embodying the three points--abolition of the
inquisition, revocation of the edicts, and a pardon to criminals, for
whom death was the only sufficient punishment.
With regard to these three points, it was, after much wrangling, decided
to grant them under certain restrictions. To abolish the inquisition
would be to remove the only instrument by which the Church had been
accustomed to regulate the consciences and the doctrines of its subjects.
It would be equivalent to a concession of religious freedom, at least to
individuals within their own domiciles, than which no concession could be
more pernicious. Nevertheless, it might be advisable to permit the
temporary cessation of the papal inquisition, now that the episcopal
inquisition had been so much enlarged and strengthened in the
Netherlands, on the condition that this branch of the institution should
be maintained in energetic condition. With regard to the Moderation, it
was thought better to defer that matter till, the proposed visit of his
Majesty to the provinces. If, however, the Regent should think it
absolutely necessary to make a change, she must cause a new draft to be
made, as that which had been sent was not found admissible. Touching the
pardon general, it would be necessary to make many conditions and
restrictions before it could be granted. Provided these were sufficiently
minute to exclude all persons whom it might be found desirable to
chastise, the amnesty was possible. Otherwise it was quite out of the
question.
Meantime, Margaret of Parma had been urging her brother to come to a
decision, painting the distracted condition of the country in the
liveliest colors, and insisting, although perfectly aware of Philip's
private sentiments, upon a favorable decision as to the three points
demanded by the envoys. Especially she urged her incapacity to resist any
rebellion, and demanded succor of men and money in case the "Moderation"
were not accepted by his Majesty.
It was the last day of July before the King wrote at all, to communicate
his decisions upon the crisis which had occurred in the first week of
April. The disorder for which he had finally prepared a prescription had,
before his letter arrived, already passed through its subsequent stages
of the field-preaching and the image-breaking. Of course these fresh
symptoms would require much consultation, pondering, and note-taking
before they could be dealt with. In the mean time they would be
considered as not yet having happened. This was the masterly
procrastination of the sovereign, when his provinces were in a blaze.
His masterly dissimulation was employed in the direction suggested by his
councillors. Philip never originated a thought, nor laid down a plan, but
he was ever true to the falsehood of his nature, and was indefatigable in
following out the suggestions of others. No greater mistake can be made
than to ascribe talent to this plodding and pedantic monarch. The man's
intellect was contemptible, but malignity and duplicity, almost
superhuman; have effectually lifted his character out of the regions of
the common-place. He wrote accordingly to say that the pardon, under
certain conditions, might be granted, and that the papal inquisition
might cease--the bishops now being present in such numbers, "to take care
of their flocks," and the episcopal inquisition being, therefore
established upon so secure a basis. He added, that if a moderation of the
edicts were still desired, a new project might be sent to Madrid, as the
one brought by Berghen and Montigny was not satisfactory. In arranging
this wonderful scheme for composing the tumults of the country, which had
grown out of a determined rebellion to the inquisition in any form, he
followed not only the advice, but adopted the exact language of his
councillors.
Certainly, here was not much encouragement for patriotic hearts in the
Netherlands. A pardon, so restricted that none were likely to be forgiven
save those who had done no wrong; an episcopal inquisition stimulated to
renewed exertions, on the ground that the papal functionaries were to be
discharged; and a promise that, although the proposed Moderation of the
edicts seemed too mild for the monarch's acceptance, yet at some future
period another project would be matured for settling the matter to
universal satisfaction--such were the propositions of the Crown.
Nevertheless, Philip thought he had gone too far, even in administering
this meagre amount of mercy, and that he had been too frank in employing
so slender a deception, as in the scheme thus sketched. He therefore
summoned a notary, before whom, in presence of the Duke of Alva, the
Licentiate Menchaca and Dr. Velasco, he declared that, although he had
just authorized Margaret of Parma, by force of circumstances, to grant
pardon to all those who had been compromised in the late disturbances of
the Netherlands, yet as he had not done this spontaneously nor freely, he
did not consider himself bound by the authorization, but that, on the
contrary, he reserved his right to punish all the guilty, and
particularly those who had been the authors and encouragers of the
sedition.
So much for the pardon promised in his official correspondence.
With regard to the concessions, which he supposed himself to have made in
the matter of the inquisition and the edicts, he saved his conscience by
another process. Revoking with his right hand all which his left had been
doing, he had no sooner despatched his letters to the Duchess Regent than
he sent off another to his envoy at Rome. In this despatch he instructed
Requesens to inform the Pope as to the recent royal decisions upon the
three points, and to state that there had not been time to consult his
Holiness beforehand. Nevertheless, continued Philip "the prudent," it was
perhaps better thus, since the abolition could have no force, unless the
Pope, by whom the institution had been established, consented to its
suspension. This matter, however, was to be kept a profound secret. So
much for the inquisition matter. The papal institution, notwithstanding
the official letters, was to exist, unless the Pope chose to destroy it;
and his Holiness, as we have seen, had sent the Archbishop of Sorrento, a
few weeks before, to Brussels, for the purpose of concerting secret
measures for strengthening the "Holy Office" in the provinces.
With regard to the proposed moderation of the edicts, Philip informed
Pius the Fifth, through Requesens, that the project sent by the Duchess
not having been approved, orders had been transmitted for a new draft, in
which all the articles providing for the severe punishment of heretics
were to be retained, while alterations, to be agreed upon by the state
and privy councils, and the knights of the Fleece, were to be
adopted--certainly in no sense of clemency. On the contrary, the King
assured his Holiness, that if the severity of chastisement should be
mitigated the least in the world by the new articles, they would in no
case receive the royal approbation. Philip further implored the Pope "not
to be scandalized" with regard to the proposed pardon, as it would be by
no means extended to offenders against religion. All this was to be kept
entirely secret. The King added, that rather than permit the least
prejudice to the ancient religion, he would sacrifice all his states, and
lose a hundred lives if he had so many; for he would never consent to be
the sovereign of heretics. He said he would arrange the troubles of the
Netherlands, without violence, if possible, because forcible measures
would cause the entire destruction of the country. Nevertheless they
should be employed, if his purpose could be accomplished in no other way.
In that case the King would himself be the executor of his own design,
without allowing the peril which he should incur, nor the ruin of the
provinces, nor that of his other realms, to prevent him from doing all
which a Christian prince was bound to do, to maintain the Catholic
religion and the authority of the Holy See, as well as to testify his
personal regard for the reigning pontiff, whom he so much loved and
esteemed.
Here was plain speaking. Here were all the coming horrors distinctly
foreshadowed. Here was the truth told to the only being with whom Philip
ever was sincere. Yet even on this occasion, he permitted himself a
falsehood by which his Holiness was not deceived. Philip had no intention
of going to the Netherlands in person, and the Pope knew that he had
none. "I feel it in my bones," said Granvelle, mournfully, "that nobody
in Rome believes in his Majesty's journey to the provinces." From that
time forward, however, the King began to promise this visit, which was
held out as a panacea for every ill, and made to serve as an excuse for
constant delay.
It may well be supposed that if Philip's secret policy had been
thoroughly understood in the Netherlands, the outbreak would have come
sooner. On the receipt, however, of the public despatches from Madrid,
the administration in Brussels made great efforts to represent their
tenor as highly satisfactory. The papal inquisition was to be abolished,
a pardon was to be granted, a new moderation was to be arranged at some
indefinite period; what more would men have? Yet without seeing the face
of the cards, the people suspected the real truth, and Orange was
convinced of it. Viglius wrote that if the King did not make his intended
visit soon, he would come too late, and that every week more harm was
done by procrastination than could be repaired by months of labor and
perhaps by torrents of blood. What the precise process was, through which
Philip was to cure all disorders by his simple presence, the President
did not explain.
As for the measures propounded by the King after so long a delay, they
were of course worse than useless; for events had been marching while he
had been musing. The course suggested was, according to Viglius, but "a
plaster for a wound, but a drag-chain for the wheel." He urged that the
convocation of the states-general was the only remedy for the perils in
which the country was involved; unless the King should come in person. He
however expressed the hope that by general consultation some means would
be devised by which, if not a good, at least a less desperate aspect
would be given to public affairs, "so that the commonwealth, if fall it
must, might at least fall upon its feet like a cat, and break its legs
rather than its neck."
Notwithstanding this highly figurative view of the subject; and
notwithstanding the urgent representations of Duchess Margaret to her
brother, that nobles and people were all clamoring about the necessity of
convening the states general, Philip was true to his instincts on this as
on the other questions. He knew very well that the states-general of the
Netherlands and Spanish despotism were incompatible ideas, and he
recoiled from the idea of the assembly with infinite aversion. At the
same time a little wholesome deception could do no harm. He wrote to the
Duchess, therefore, that he was determined never to allow the
states-general to be convened. He forbade her to consent to the step
under any circumstances, but ordered her to keep his prohibition a
profound secret. He wished, he said, the people to think that it was only
for the moment that the convocation was forbidden, and that the Duchess
was expecting to receive the necessary permission at another time. It was
his desire, he distinctly stated, that the people should not despair of
obtaining the assembly, but he was resolved never to consent to the step,
for he knew very well what was meant by a meeting of the States-general.
Certainly after so ingenuous but secret a declaration from the disciple
of Macchiavelli, Margaret might well consider the arguments to be used
afterward by herself and others, in favor of the ardently desired
measure, as quite superfluous.
Such then was the policy secretly resolved upon by Philip; even before he
heard of the startling events which were afterwards to break upon him. He
would maintain the inquisition and the edicts; he would exterminate the
heretics, even if he lost all his realms and his own life in the cause;
he would never hear of the national representatives coming together. What
then were likely to be his emotions when he should be told of twenty
thousand armed heretics assembling at one spot, and fifteen thousand at
another, in almost every town in every province, to practice their
blasphemous rites; when he should be told of the whirlwind which had
swept all the ecclesiastical accumulations of ages out of existence; when
he should read Margaret's despairing letters, in which she acknowledged
that she had at last committed an act unworthy of God, of her King, and
of herself, in permitting liberty of worship to the renegades from the
ancient church!
The account given by the Duchess was in truth very dismal. She said that
grief consumed her soul and crimson suffused her cheeks while she related
the recent transactions. She took God to witness that she had resisted
long, that she had past many sleepless nights, that she had been wasted
with fever and grief. After this penitential preface she confessed that,
being a prisoner and almost besieged in her palace, sick in body and
soul, she had promised pardon and security to the confederates, with
liberty of holding assemblies to heretics in places where the practice
had already obtained. These concessions had been made valid until the
King by and with the consent of the states-general, should definitely
arrange the matter. She stated, however, that she had given her consent
to these two demands, not in the royal name, but in her own. The King was
not bound by her promise, and she expressed the hope that he would have
no regard to any such obligation. She further implored her brother to
come forth as soon as possible to avenge the injuries inflicted upon the
ancient church, adding, that if deprived of that consolation, she should
incontinently depart this life. That hope alone would prevent her death.
This was certainly strong language. She was also very explicit in her
representations of the influence which had been used by certain
personages to prevent the exercise of any authority upon her own part.
"Wherefore," said Margaret, "I eat my heart; and shall never have peace
till the arrival of your Majesty."
There was no doubt who those personages were who, as it was pretended,
had thus held the Duchess in bondage, and compelled her to grant these
infamous concessions. In her secret Italian letters, she furnished the
King with a tissue of most extravagant and improbable falsehoods,
supplied to her mainly by Noircarmes and Mansfeld, as to the course
pursued at this momentous crisis by Orange, Egmont, Horn, and
Hoogstraaten. They had all, she said, declared against God and against
religion.--Horn, at least, was for killing all the priests and monks in
the country, if full satisfaction were not given to the demands of the
heretics. Egmont had declared openly for the beggars, and was levying
troops in Germany. Orange had the firm intention of making himself master
of the whole country, and of dividing it among the other seigniors and
himself. The Prince had said that if she took refuge in Mons, as she had
proposed, they would instantly convoke the states-general, and take all
necessary measures. Egmont had held the same language, saying that he
would march at the head of forty thousand men to besiege her in that
city. All these seigniors, however, had av | 423.775538 |
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Produced by ellinora, Martin Pettit and the Online
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THE MAN BEHIND THE BARS
BY
WINIFRED LOUISE TAYLOR
NEW YORK
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
1914
COPYRIGHT, 1914, BY
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
Published October, 1914
[Illustration: Logo]
TO
MY PRISON FRIENDS
PREFACE
Lest any one may charge me with extravagant optimism in regard to
convicts, or may think that to me every goose is a swan, I wish to say
that I have written only of the men--among hundreds of convicts--who
have most interested me; men whom I have known thoroughly and who never
attempted to deceive me. Every writer's vision of life and of humanity
is inevitably by his own personality, and I have pictured these
men as I saw them; but I have also endeavored, in using so much from
their letters, to leave the reader free to form his own opinion.
Doubtless the key to my own position is the fact that I always studied
these prisoners as men; and I tried not to obscure my vision by looking
at them through their crimes. In recalling conversations I have not
depended upon memory alone, as much of what was said in our interviews
was written out while still fresh in my mind.
I have no wish to see our prisons abolished; but thousands of
individuals and millions of dollars have been sacrificed to wrong
methods of punishment; and if we aim to reform our criminals we must
first reform our methods of dealing with them, from the police court to
the penitentiary.
WINIFRED LOUISE TAYLOR.
_August 6, 1914._
THE MAN BEHIND THE BARS
CHAPTER I
I have often been asked: "How did you come to be interested in prisoners
in the first place?"
It all came about simply and naturally. I think it was W. F. Robertson
who first made clear to me the truth that what we put into life is of
far more importance than what we get out of it. Later I learned that
life is very generous in its returns for what we put into it.
In a quiet hour one day it happened that I realized that my life was out
of balance; that more than my share of things worth having were coming
to me, and that I was not passing them on; nor did I see any channel for
the passing on just at hand.
The one thing that occurred to me was to offer my services as teacher in
a Sunday-school. Now, I chanced to be a member of an Episcopal church
and their Sunday-school was held at an hour inconvenient for my
attendance; however, in our neighborhood was a Methodist church, and as
I had little regard for dividing lines among Christians I offered my
services the next Sunday to this Methodist Sunday-school. My preference
was for a class of young girls, but I was assigned as teacher to a class
of ten young men, of ages ranging between eighteen and twenty years, and
having the reputation of decided inclination toward the pomps and the
vanities so alluring to youth.
It was the season of revival meetings, and within a month every member
of my class was vibrating under the wave of religious excitement, and
each one in turn announced his "conversion." I hardly knew how to handle
the situation, for I was still in my twenties, and as an Episcopalian I
had never experienced these storm periods of religious enthusiasm. So
while the recent converts were rejoicing in the newly found grace, I was
considering six months later when a reaction might set in.
Toward the close of the revival one of the class said to me: "I don't
know what we're going to do with our evenings when the prayer-meetings
are over, for there's no place open every evening to the men in this
town except the saloons."
"We must make a place where you boys can go," was my reply.
What the class proceeded to do, then and there, was to form a club and
attractively furnish a large, cheerful room, to which each member had a
pass-key; and to start a small circulating library, at one stroke
meeting their own need and beginning to work outward for the good of the
community.
The first contribution toward this movement was from a Unitarian friend.
Later, Doctor Robert Collyer--then preaching in Chicago--and Doctor E.
E. Hale, of Boston, each gave a lecture for the benefit of our infant
library. Thus from the start we were untrammelled by sectarianism, and
in three months a library was founded destined to become the nucleus of
a flourishing public library, now established in a beautiful Carnegie
building, and extending its beneficent influence throughout the homes,
the schools, and the workshops of the city.
Of course I was immensely interested in the class, and in the success of
their library venture, and as we had no money to pay for the services
of a regular librarian the boys volunteered their services for two
evenings in the week, while I took charge on Saturday afternoons. This
library was the doorway through which I entered the prison life.
One Saturday a little boy came into the library and handed me the
charming Quaker love story, "Dorothy Fox," saying: "This book was taken
out by a man who is in jail, and he wants you to send him another book."
Now, I had passed that county jail almost every day for years; its rough
stone walls and narrow barred windows were so familiar that they no
longer made any impression upon me; but it had not occurred to me that
inside those walls were human beings whose thoughts were as my thoughts,
and who might like a good story, even a refined story, as much as I did,
and that a man should pay money that he had stolen for three months'
subscription to a library seemed to me most incongruous.
It transpired that the prisoner was a Scotch boy of nineteen, who, being
out of work, had stolen thirty-five dollars; taking small amounts as he
needed them. According to the law of the State the penalty for stealing
any amount under the value of fifteen dollars was a sentence to the
county jail, for a period usually of sixty days; while the theft of
fifteen dollars or more was a penitentiary offence, and the sentence
never for less than one year. I quote the statement of the case of this
Scotch boy as it was given me by a man who happened to be in the library
and who knew all the circumstances.
"The boy was arrested on the charge of having taken ten dollars--all
they could prove against him; and he would have got off with a jail
sentence, but the fool made a clean breast of the matter, and now he has
to lie in jail for six months till court is in session, and then he will
be sent to the penitentiary on his own confession."
Two questions arose in my mind: Was it only "the fool" who had made a
clean breast of the case? And if the boy was to go to prison on his own
confession, was it not an outrage that he should be kept in jail for six
months awaiting the formalities of the next session of the circuit
court? I did not then think of the taxpayers, forced to support this boy
in idleness for six months.
That night I did not sleep very well; the Scotch boy was on my mind, all
the more vividly because my only brother was of the same age, and then,
too, the words, "I was in prison and ye visited me not," repeated
themselves with insistent persistence until I was forced to meet the
question, "Did these words really mean anything for to-day and now?"
Next morning I asked my father if any one would be allowed to talk with
a prisoner in our jail. My father said: "Yes, but what would you have to
say to a prisoner?" "I could at least ask him what books he would like
from the library," I replied. But I could not bring my courage to the
point of going to the jail; it seemed a most formidable venture. Sunday,
Monday, and Tuesday passed, and still I held back; on Wednesday I was
driving with my brother, and when very near the jail the spring of the
carriage broke, and my brother told me that I would have to fill in time
somewhere until the break was repaired. I realized that the moment for
decision had come; and with a wildly beating heart I took the decisive
step, little dreaming when I entered the door of that jail that I was
committing myself to prison for life.
But we all take life one day, one hour, at a time; and five minutes
later when my hand was clasped through the grated door, and two big
gray eyes were looking straight into mine, I had forgotten everything
else in my interest in the boy. I asked him why he told that he had
taken thirty-five dollars when accused only of having taken ten, and he
simply said: "Because when I realized that I had become a thief I wanted
to become an honest man and I thought that was the place to begin."
Had I known anything of the law and its processes I should doubtless
have said: "Well, there's nothing for you to do now but to brace up and
meet your fate. There's nothing I can do to help you out of this
trouble." But in my fortunate ignorance of obstacles I said: "I'll see
what I can do to help you." I had only one thought--to save that young
man from the penitentiary and give him a fresh start in life.
I began with the person nearest at hand, the sheriff's wife, and she
secured the sheriff as my first adviser; then I went to the wife of the
prosecuting attorney for the State, and she won her husband over to my
cause. One after another the legal difficulties were overcome, and this
was the way the matter was settled: I secured a good situation for Willy
in case of his release; Willy gave the man from whom he had taken the
money a note for the full amount payable in ninety days--the note signed
by my father and another responsible citizen; the case was given a
rehearing on the original charge of ten dollars, and Willy's sentence
was ten days in the county jail; and this fortunate settlement of the
affair was celebrated with a treat of oranges and peanuts for Willy and
his fellow prisoners. A good part of that ten days Willy spent in
reading aloud to the other men. Immediately after release he went to
work and before the expiration of the ninety days the note for
thirty-five dollars was paid in full. Now, this was the sensible, fair,
and human way of righting a wrong. Nevertheless, we had all joined hands
in "compounding a felony."
With Willy's release I supposed my acquaintance with the jail was at an
end, but the boy had become interested in his companions in misery and
on his first visit to me he said: "If you could know what your visits
were to me you would never give up going to the jail as long as you
live." And then I gave him my promise. "Be to others what you have been
to me," has been the message given to me by more than one of these men.
While a prisoner Willy had made no complaint of the condition of things
in the jail, but after paying the note of his indebtedness, he proceeded
to buy straw and ticking for mattresses | 424.282662 |
2023-11-16 18:24:08.3597310 | 136 | 17 |
Produced by Amy E. Zelmer
CORAL AND CORAL REEFS
by Thomas H. Huxley
[1]
THE subject upon which I wish to address you to-night is the structure
and origin of Coral and Coral Reefs. Under the head of "coral" there are
included two very different things; one of them is that substance which
I imagine a great number of us have champed when we were very much
younger than we are now,--the common red coral, which is used so much,
as you know, for the edification and the delectation of children of
tender years | 424.379771 |
2023-11-16 18:24:08.3608040 | 1,293 | 93 |
Produced by David Garcia, David E. Brown and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
by The Kentuckiana Digital Library)
A NIGHT IN AVIGNON
A NIGHT IN AVIGNON
BY
CALE YOUNG RICE
Author of "Charles Di Tocca," "David,"
"Plays and Lyrics," etc.
NEW YORK
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
MCMXIII
_Copyright, 1907, by_
CALE YOUNG RICE
Published, March, 1907
TO
DONALD ROBERTSON
A NIGHT IN AVIGNON
CHARACTERS
FRANCESCO PETRARCA _A Young Poet and Scholar_
GHERARDO _His Brother, a Monk_
LELLO _His Friend_
ORSO _His Servant_
FILIPPA }
} _Ladies of light life in Avignon_
SANCIA }
MADONNA LAURA
A NIGHT IN AVIGNON
SCENE: _A room in the chambers of PETRARCA at Avignon. It opens on a
loggia overlooking, on higher ground, the spired church of Santa Clara
and the gray cloisters of a Carthusian monastery. Beyond lie the city
walls under glamour of the blue Provencal night._
_The room, faintly frescoed, is lighted with many candles; some
glittering on a wine-table heavy with wines toward the right front. A
door on the left leads to other rooms, and an arrased one opposite,
down to the street. Bookshelves and a writing-desk strewn with a lute
and writings are also on the left; a crimson couch is in the centre; and
garlands of myrtle and laurel deck the wine-table._
_GHERARDO, the monk, is seated by the desk, following with severe looks
the steps of PETRARCA, who is walking feverishly to and fro._
_Gherardo_ (_after a pause_). Listen. Another word, Francesco.
_Petrarca._ Aih!
And then another--that will breed another.
_Gherardo._ Dote on this Laura still--if still you must:
Woman's your destiny.
But quench these lights and set away that wine.
_Petrarca._ And to no other lips turn? hers denied me?
Never, Gherardo!
_Gherardo._ Virtue bids you.
_Petrarca._ Vainly!
I've borne until I will not... For it is
Two years now since in the aisles
Of Santa Clara yonder my heart first
Went from me on mad wings.
Two years this April morning
Since it fell fluttering before her feet...
As she stood there beside our blessed Lady,
Gowned as young Spring in green and violets!...
_Gherardo._ And these two years have been inviolate;
Your life as pure as hers,
As virgin--
Save for the songs you've sung to her; those songs
This idle city echoes with. But now----
_Petrarca._ Now I will open all the gates to Pleasure!
To rosy Pleasure--warm, unspiritual,
Ready to spring
Into the arms of all
Whom bloodless Virtue pales.
For, of restraint and hoping, I have drunk
But a vintage of tears!
And what has been my gain?
_Gherardo._ Her chastity.
_Petrarca._ A chastity unchallenged of desire--
And therefore none!
Aih, none!
For, were it other;
Could I aver that once, that ever once
Her lids had fallen low in fear of love,
I'd bid the desert of my heart burn dry--
To the last oasis--
With resignation!
But never have they, never! and I'm mad.
(_Pours out wine._)
_Gherardo._ And you will seek to cure it with more madness?
To cast the devil of love out of your veins
With other love and lower!
_Petrarca._ Yes, yes, yes! (_drinks._)
With little Sancia's!
Whose soul is a sweet sin!
Who lives but for this life and asks of Death
Only a breath of time before he ends it,
To tell three beads and fill her mouth with _aves_.
Just for enough, she says,
"To tell God that He made me"--as He did.
_Gherardo._ And to blaspheme with! O obsessed man.
(_Has risen, flushed._)
But you will fail! For this vain revelry
Will ease not. And I see all love is base--
As say the Fathers--
All!... and the body of woman
Is vile from the beginning.
_Petrarca._ Monkish lies!
(_Drinks again for courage._)
The body of woman's born of bliss and beauty.
Only one thing is fairer--that's her soul.
_Gherardo._ And is that Word which says thou shalt not look
Upon another's wife a monkish lie?
(_Silence._)
Your Laura is another's.
_Petrarca_ (_torn_). As I found!
After my heart became a poison flame--
Within me!
A fierce inquisitor against my peace!
After I followed her from Santa Clara,
That mass-hour,
To an escutcheoned door!
After and not before... And such another's!
Ugo di Sade's!
A beast whose sullen mind two thoughts would drain;
Whose breath is a poltroon's;
Who is unkind.... I've seen her weep; who loves
Her not.... And yet the | 424.380844 |
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+-------------------------------------------+
| Note: |
| |
| = around word indicates bold =CAPSULE.= |
| _ around word indicated italics _Erebus_ |
+-------------------------------------------+
THE POETICAL WORKS
OF
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH
VOL. V
[Illustration: _William Wordsworth_
_after Margaret Gillies_
_Printed by Wittmann Paris_]
THE POETICAL WORKS
OF
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH
EDITED BY
WILLIAM KNIGHT
VOL. V
[Illustration]
London
MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD.
NEW YORK: MACMILLAN & CO.
1896
_All rights reserved_
CONTENTS
PAGE
THE EXCURSION--
PREFACE TO THE EDITION OF 1814 20
BOOK FIRST--THE WANDERER 26
BOOK SECOND--THE SOLITARY 67
BOOK THIRD--DESPONDENCY 105
BOOK FOURTH--DESPONDENCY CORRECTED 142
BOOK FIFTH--THE PASTOR 195
BOOK SIXTH--THE CHURCH-YARD AMONG
THE MOUNTAINS 235
BOOK SEVENTH--THE CHURCH-YARD AMONG
THE MOUNTAINS--_Continued_ 283
BOOK EIGHTH--THE PARSONAGE 326
BOOK NINTH--DISCOURSE OF THE WANDERER,
AND AN EVENING VISIT TO THE LAKE 352
NOTES 383
APPENDIX
NOTE A 391
NOTE B 392
NOTE C 393
NOTE D 396
NOTE E 398
WORDSWORTH'S POETICAL WORKS
THE EXCURSION
Composed 1795-1814.--Published 1814
[Something must now be said of this poem, but chiefly, as has been done
through the whole of these notes, with reference to my personal friends,
and especially to her who has perseveringly taken them down from my
dictation. Towards the close of the first book, stand the lines that were
first written,--beginning "Nine tedious years," and ending "Last human
tenant of these ruined walls." These were composed in 1795, at R | 424.478637 |
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generously made available by The Internet Archive)
Idle Hours in a Library
------------------------------------------------------------------------
┌───────────────────────────────────┐
│ │
│ By the same Author │
│ │
│ _The Church and the Stage_ │
│ │
│ _Introduction to the Philosophy │
│ of Herbert Spencer_ │
│ │
│ _Studies in Interpretation_ │
│ │
└───────────────────────────────────┘
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Idle Hours in a Library
By
William Henry Hudson
Professor of English Literature, Stanford University
[Illustration]
William Doxey
At the Sign of the Lark
San Francisco
------------------------------------------------------------------------
COPYRIGHT, 1897
WILLIAM DOXEY
THE DOXEY PRESS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TO
F. E. H.
IN REMEMBRANCE OF THE
DEAR OLD DAYS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preface
The title of this little volume was chosen because it seems to indicate
a characteristic possessed in common by the otherwise unrelated essays
here brought together. They may all be described in a general way as
holiday tasks—the results of many hours of quiet but rather aimless
browsing among books, and not of special investigations, undertaken with
a view to definite scholastic ends. They are, moreover, as will readily
be seen, completely unacademic in style and intention. Three of the
papers were originally put into shape as popular lectures. The remaining
one—that on the Restoration novelists—was written for a magazine which
appeals not to a special body of students, but to the more general
reading public. The title, hit upon after some little searching, will, I
believe, therefore be accepted as fairly descriptive, and will not, I
hope, be condemned as overfanciful.
A word or two of more detailed explanation may, perhaps, be permitted.
Of the essays on Pepys’s Diary and the “Scenes of Bohemian Life,” I
would simply say that they may be taken to testify to the unfailing
sources of unalloyed enjoyment I have found in these delightful books;
and I should be pleased to think that, while they may renew for some
readers the charm of old associations, they may perhaps send others here
and there for the first time to the works themselves—in which case I
shall be sure of the gratitude of some at least of those into whose
hands this little volume may chance to fall. I can scarcely say as much
as this for the study of Mrs. Behn and Mrs. Manley—for most readers will
be quite as well off if they leave the lucubrations of these two ladies
alone. But in these days we all read novels; and it has seemed to me,
therefore, that my brief account of some of the early experiments in
English fiction may not be altogether lacking in interest and
suggestiveness. Thus, after some hesitation, I decided to find a place
for the authors of “Oroonoko” and “ | 424.674372 |
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Internet Archive)
RUTH HALL:
A
DOMESTIC TALE
OF
THE PRESENT TIME.
BY
FANNY FERN.
NEW YORK:
PUBLISHED BY MASON BROTHERS.
1855.
ENTERED, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1854,
BY MASON BROTHERS,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Southern District
of New York.
STEREOTYPED BY
THOMAS B. SMITH,
216 William St., N. Y.
PRINTED BY
JOHN A. GRAY,
95 & 97 Cliff St.
PREFACE.
TO THE READER.
I present you with my first continuous story. I do not dignify it by the
name of "A novel." I am aware that it is entirely at variance with all
set rules for novel-writing. There is no intricate plot; there are no
startling developments, no hair-breadth escapes. I have compressed into
one volume what I might have expanded into two or three. I have avoided
long introductions and descriptions, and have entered unceremoniously
and unannounced, into people's houses, without stopping to ring the
bell. Whether you will fancy this primitive mode of calling, whether you
will like the company to which it introduces you, or--whether you will
like the book at all, I cannot tell. Still, I cherish the hope that,
somewhere in the length and breadth of the land, it may fan into a
flame, in some tried heart, the fading embers of hope, well-nigh
extinguished by wintry fortune and summer friends.
FANNY FERN.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
THE EVE BEFORE THE BRIDAL--RUTH'S LITTLE ROOM--A RETROSPECTIVE
REVERIE 15
CHAPTER II.
THE WEDDING--A GLIMPSE OF THE CHARACTER OF RUTH'S BROTHER
HYACINTH 23
CHAPTER III.
THE NEW HOME--SOLILOQUY OF THE MOTHER-IN-LAW 25
CHAPTER IV.
THE FIRST INTERVIEW WITH THE MOTHER-IN-LAW 28
CHAPTER V.
RUTH'S REFLECTIONS ON THE INTERVIEW 32
CHAPTER VI.
A BIT OF FAMILY HISTORY 34
CHAPTER VII.
THE FIRST-BORN 39
CHAPTER VIII.
THE NURSE 41
CHAPTER IX.
FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS OF THE MOTHER-IN-LAW'S CHARACTER 44
CHAPTER X.
RUTH'S COUNTRY HOME 47
CHAPTER XI.
RUTH AND DAISY 50
CHAPTER XII.
THE OLD FOLKS FOLLOW THE YOUNG COUPLE--AN ENTERTAINING
DIALOGUE 52
CHAPTER XIII.
THE OLD LADY'S SURREPTITIOUS VISIT TO RUTH'S, AND HER
ENCOUNTER WITH DINAH 55
CHAPTER XIV.
THE OLD LADY SEARCHES THE HOUSE--WHAT SHE FINDS 59
CHAPTER XV.
THE OLD DOCTOR MEDDLES WITH HARRY'S FARMING ARRANGEMENTS 63
CHAPTER XVI.
LITTLE DAISY'S REVERIE--HER STRANGE PLAYFELLOW 65
CHAPTER XVII.
"PAT" MUTINIES 67
CHAPTER XVIII.
A GROWL FROM THE OLD LADY 69
CHAPTER XIX.
DAISY'S GLEE AT THE FIRST SLEIGH-RIDE 72
CHAPTER XX.
DAISY'S ILLNESS--THE OLD DOCTOR REFUSES TO COME 74
CHAPTER XXI.
DINAH'S WARNING--HARRY GOES AGAIN FOR THE DOCTOR 78
CHAPTER XXII.
THE OLD DOCTOR ARRIVES TOO LATE 81
CHAPTER XXIII.
"THE GLEN" DESERTED--THE OLD DOCTOR'S AND HIS WIFE'S VERSION
OF THE CAUSE OF DAISY'S DEATH--MRS. JONES GIVES HER
OPINION 85
CHAPTER XXIV.
ANNIVERSARY OF DAISY'S DEATH--RUTH'S REVERIE--LITTLE KATY'S
REQUEST 90
CHAPTER XXV.
HOTEL LIFE--A NEW FRIEND 93
CHAPTER XXVI.
THE FALL OF THE LEAF--HARRY'S ILLNESS--THE LONELY WATCHER 97
CHAPTER XXVII.
ARRIVAL OF THE OLD DOCTOR AND HIS WIFE 102
CHAPTER XXVIII.
THE OLD DOCTOR'S ANNOUNCEMENT--HARRY'S DEATH 105
CHAPTER XXIX.
HYACINTH'S SENSIBILITIES SHOCKED 110
CHAPTER XXX.
MISS SKINLIN 114
CHAPTER XXXI.
HARRY'S FUNERAL 120
CHAPTER XXXII.
A SERVANT'S DEVOTION 123
CHAPTER XXXIII.
BICKERINGS OF THE FATHER AND FATHER-IN-LAW--DISPUTE ABOUT THE
SUPPORT OF THE CHILDREN 125
CHAPTER XXXIV.
RUTH RECEIVES A VISIT FROM HER FATHER--HE INSISTS ON HER
GIVING UP HER CHILDREN TO THE OLD DOCTOR--RUTH'S REFUSAL 128
CHAPTER XXXV.
THE OLD LADY, ENRAGED, PROPOSES A COMPROMISE--MR. ELLET IS
FORCED TO ACCEDE 132
CHAPTER XXXVI.
RUTH'S NEW LODGINGS--SPECULATIONS OF THE BOARDERS 139
CHAPTER XXXVII.
MR. DEVELIN'S COUNTING-HOUSE--THE OLD DOCTOR'S LETTER 142
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
LITTLE KATY MOURNS FOR HER PAPA 146
CHAPTER XXXIX.
MR. DEVELIN DEMANDS HARRY'S CLOTHES OF RUTH--THE WEDDING VEST 148
CHAPTER XL.
RUTH'S APPLICATION FOR NEEDLE-WORK 151
CHAPTER XLI.
DISGUST OF RUTH'S FASHIONABLE FRIENDS 155
CHAPTER XLII.
CONVERSATION IN MRS. MILLET'S KITCHEN 158
CHAPTER XLIII.
THE BOUQUET 161
CHAPTER XLIV.
MRS. MILLET AND THE WOODEN MAN 164
CHAPTER XLV.
LITTLE KATY VISITS HER GRANDPA AND MEETS WITH A CHARACTERISTIC
RECEPTION--THE STRANGE GENTLEMAN 166
CHAPTER XLVI.
A PEEP FROM RUTH'S CHAMBER WINDOW--KATY'S RETURN 171
CHAPTER XLVII.
BOARDING-HOUSE REVOLUTION--MRS. SKIDDY'S FLIGHT--MR. SKIDDY IN
THE CAPACITY OF DRY NURSE 176
CHAPTER XLVIII.
A NEW IDEA--THE MILLETS EXHIBIT THEIR FRIENDSHIP AND DELICACY 184
CHAPTER XLIX.
RUTH RESOLVES TO BECOME A TEACHER 189
CHAPTER L.
RUTH APPLIES FOR A PRIMARY SCHOOL 191
CHAPTER LI.
THE EXAMINATION BY THE SCHOOL COMMITTEE 192
CHAPTER LII.
MRS. SKIDDY'S UNEXPECTED RETURN 198
CHAPTER LIII.
SKIDDY'S INTERCEPTED HEGIRA--HIS INCARCERATION--HIS FINAL
ESCAPE 203
CHAPTER LIV.
THE LUNATIC ASYLUM 209
CHAPTER LV.
RUTH'S NEW LANDLADY 215
CHAPTER LVI.
THE STRANGE LODGER--RUTH RESOLVES TO RESORT TO HER PEN TO
OBTAIN A SUBSISTENCE--SHE APPLIES TO HER BROTHER HYACINTH
FOR ADVICE AND ASSISTANCE--HIS CHARACTERISTIC REPLY 219
CHAPTER LVII.
THE OLD LADY RESORTS TO STRATAGEM, AND CARRIES HER POINT 224
CHAPTER LVIII.
MR. ELLET EXHIBITS HIS USUAL FATHERLY INTEREST IN RUTH'S
AFFAIRS 228
CHAPTER LIX.
RUTH APPLIES FOR EMPLOYMENT AT NEWSPAPER OFFICES 230
CHAPTER LX.
THE BREAD OF LIFE 235
CHAPTER LXI.
A CHAPTER WHICH MAY BE INSTRUCTIVE 237
CHAPTER LXII.
RUTH OBTAINS EMPLOYMENT--ILLNESS OF NETTIE--THE STRANGE LODGER
PROVES USEFUL 240
CHAPTER LXIII.
A PEEP INTO THE OLD DOCTOR'S COTTAGE 245
CHAPTER LXIV.
A GLIMPSE OF COMING SUCCESS 251
CHAPTER LXV.
LITTLE NETTIE'S SORROWS--CHEERING LETTERS 257
CHAPTER LXVI.
KATY'S FIRST DAY AT SCHOOL--THE TOWN-PUMP CONTROVERSY--CRUELTY
OF KATY'S GRANDPARENTS 262
CHAPTER LXVII.
MR. JOHN WALTER 267
CHAPTER LXVIII.
A LETTER FROM MR. WALTER, AND ITS EFFECT 271
CHAPTER LXIX.
RUTH ENGAGES TO WRITE SOLELY FOR THE HOUSEHOLD MESSENGER 278
CHAPTER LXX.
WHAT MR. LESCOM SAID 282
CHAPTER LXXI.
A SHARP CORRESPONDENCE 287
CHAPTER LXXII.
OFFERS OF MARRIAGE AND OFFERS TO PUBLISH 292
CHAPTER LXXIII.
WHAT MR. TIBBETTS SAID ABOUT RUTH'S WRITING FOR THE HOUSEHOLD
MESSENGER 298
CHAPTER LXXIV.
SOLILOQUY OF A SUB-EDITOR 302
CHAPTER LXXV.
MR. WALTER'S VISIT 309
CHAPTER LXXVI.
THE PHRENOLOGICAL EXAMINATION 318
CHAPTER LXXVII.
PUBLICATION DAY COMES AT LAST 330
CHAPTER LXXVIII.
HYACINTH CORNERED 334
CHAPTER LXXIX.
MR. LEWIS ENLIGHTENED 338
CHAPTER LXXX.
MORE LETTERS 342
CHAPTER LXXXI.
FRESHET IN THE DOCTOR'S CELLAR--"HAMS" IN DANGER OF A TOTAL
WRECK--SUDDEN APPEARANCE OF RUTH--RESCUE OF LITTLE KATY 348
CHAPTER LXXXII.
ARRIVAL OF KATY WITH HER MOTHER, MR. WALTER, AND MR. GREY, AT
NEW LODGINGS; DINNER AND LETTERS--CONVERSATIONS BETWEEN
THE CHILDREN 354
CHAPTER LXXXIII.
THE LITTLE FAMILY ALONE AT THEIR NEW QUARTERS--NETTIE IN THE
CONFESSION BOX--KATY'S MIRTH 367
CHAPTER LXXXIV.
KATY AND NETTIE COMPARE NOTES--RUTH DREAMS--MIDNIGHT
CONFLAGRATION--RESCUE OF THE LITTLE FAMILY BY JOHNNY GALT 372
CHAPTER LXXXV.
TEA-TABLE TALK BETWEEN "THE WOODEN MAN" AND HIS SPOUSE--LETTER
FROM "OUR JOHN" 378
CHAPTER LXXXVI.
THE OLD LADY EXTINGUISHED IN A CONVERSATION WITH HER
NEIGHBORS, WHO ANNOUNCE THE ASTONISHING FACT THAT 'FLOY'
IS RUTH 383
CHAPTER LXXXVII.
CONVERSATION BETWEEN RUTH'S FATHER AND MR. JONES REGARDING
RUTH'S LITERARY DEBUT 388
CHAPTER LXXXVIII.
INTERVIEW BETWEEN | 424.775646 |
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Transcriber's Note:
Inconsistent hyphenation and spelling in the original book have
been preserved. Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.
The book frequently omits punctuation before quotes. The punctuation
has been retained as in the original. The length and spacing of
ellipses (...) has also been retained as printed.
There is no Chapter IV.
Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
[Illustration: _Elizabeth_.]
THE
ORDEAL OF
ELIZABETH
NEW YORK
GROSSET & DUNLAP
PUBLISHERS
COPYRIGHT, 1901, BY
J. F. TAYLOR AND
COMPANY, NEW YORK
THE ORDEAL
OF
ELIZABETH
_Chapter I_
The Van Vorst Homestead stands close to the road-side; a dark,
low-built, gloomy old place. The horse-shoe on the door, testifies to
its age, and the devout superstition of the Van Vorst who built it.
However effectual against witches, the horse-shoe cannot be said to
have brought much luck otherwise. The Van Vorsts who lived there, a
junior branch of the old colonial house, did not prosper in worldly
matters, but sank more and more as time went on, in general respect
and consideration.
There was a break in the deterioration, and apparently a revival of
old glories, when Peter Van Vorst married his cousin, a brilliant
beauty from town, who had refused, as tradition asserts, half the
eligible men of her day, and accepted Peter for what seemed a sudden
and mysterious caprice. The marriage was a nine days' wonder; but
whatever the reasons that prompted her strange choice--whether love,
indifference, or some feeling more complicated and subtle; Elizabeth
Van Vorst made no effort to avert its consequences, but settled down
in silence to a life of monotonous poverty. She did not even try, as
less favored women have done under harder circumstances, to keep in
touch with the world she had given up. She never wrote to her old
friends, never recalled herself, by her presence in town, to her
former admirers. As for the Homestead, it wore, under the inert
indifference of her rule, the same neglected look which had prevailed
for years. The foliage grew in rank profusion about the house till it
shut out not only the sunlight, but all view of the river. Perhaps
Madam Van Vorst, as people called her, disliked the idea of change; or
perhaps she grudged the cost of a day's labor to cut the trees; or it
might be that she liked the gloom and the feeling of confinement, and
had no desire to feast her eyes on the river, after the fashion of the
Neighborhood. It reminded her too much, perhaps, of the outside world.
She was a stately, handsome old lady, and made an imposing appearance
when she came into church on Sunday, in the black silk gown which
rustled with an old-time dignity, and her puffs of snow-white hair
standing out against the rim of her widow's bonnet. Her daughters,
following timidly behind her, seemed to belong to a different sphere;
dull, faded women, in shabby gowns which the village girls would have
disdained. If you spoke to them after church, when the whole
Neighborhood exchanges greetings and discusses the news of the week,
they would answer you shyly, in embarrassed monosyllables. Still, in
some intangible way, you felt the innate breeding, which lurked behind
all the uncouthness of voice and manner.
Their life, under their mother's training, had been one long lesson in
self-effacement; they never even drove to the village without
consulting her, or bought a spool of cotton without her permission.
The stress of poverty, as time went on, grew less stringent at the
Homestead; but with Madam Van Vorst the penury which had been first
the result of necessity, had grown to be second nature. She let the
money accumulate and made no change in their manner of life. Her
daughters had no books, no teachers; no occupation but house-work; no
interest beyond the petty gossip of the country-side.
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[Illustration: MAY KELLOGG SULLIVAN IN ALASKA DRESS.]
A WOMAN WHO
WENT ----
TO ALASKA
By May Kellogg Sullivan
ILLUSTRATED
Boston:
James H. Earle & Company
178 Washington Street
_Copyright, 1902_
_By MAY KELLOGG SULLIVAN_
_All Rights Reserved_
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER PAGE
I Under Way 9
II Midnight on a Yukon Steamer 19
III Dawson 28
IV The Rush 36
V At The Arctic Circle 48
VI Companions 58
VII Going to Nome 78
VIII Fresh Danger 81
IX Nome 94
X The Four Sisters 109
XI Life in a Mining Camp 131
XII Bar-Room Disturbances 149
XIII Off For Golovin Bay 162
XIV Life at Golovin 184
XV Winter in the Mission 199
XVI The Retired Sea Captain 215
XVII How the Long Days Passed 231
XVIII Swarming 247
XIX New Quarters 261
XX Christmas in Alaska 275
XXI My First Gold Claims 292
XXII The Little Sick Child 311
XXIII Lights and Shadows of the Mining Camp 325
XXIV An Unpleasant Adventure 340
XXV Stones and Dynamite 354
XXVI Good-bye to Golovin Bay 374
XXVII Going Outside 379
Transcriber's Note
Obvious printer errors have been corrected. All other
inconsistencies remain as printed.
A list of illustrations, though not present in the original, has
been provided below:
MAY KELLOGG SULLIVAN IN ALASKA DRESS.
DAWSON, Y. T.
CITY HALL AT SKAGWAY.
PORCUPINE CANYON, WHITE PASS.
MILES CANYON.
UPPER YUKON STEAMER.
FIVE FINGER RAPIDS.
GOING TO DAWSON IN WINTER.
A KLONDYKE CLAIM.
EAGLE CITY, ON THE YUKON, IN 1899.
YUKON STEAMER "HANNAH."
FELLOW TRAVELERS.
ESKIMOS.
UNALASKA.
STEAMSHIP ST. PAUL.
NOME.
LIFE AT NOME.
CLAIM NUMBER NINE, ANVIL CREEK.
CLAIM NUMBER FOUR, ANVIL CREEK, NOME.
MAP OF ALASKA.
ESKIMO DOGS.
WINTER PROSPECTING.
AT CHINIK. THE MISSION.
CLAIM ON BONANZA CREEK.
ON BONANZA CREEK.
SKAGWAY RIVER, FROM THE TRAIN.
PREFACE
This unpretentious little book is the outcome of my own experiences and
adventures in Alaska. Two trips, covering a period of eighteen months
and a distance of over twelve thousand miles were made practically
alone.
In answer to the oft-repeated question of why I went to Alaska I can
only give the same reply that so many others give: I wanted to go in
search of my fortune which had been successfully eluding my grasp for a
good many years. Neither home nor children claimed my attention. No good
reason, I thought, stood in the way of my going to Alaska; for my
husband, traveling constantly at his work had long ago allowed me carte
blanche as to my inclinations and movements. To be sure, there was no
money in the bank upon which to draw, and an account with certain
friends whose kindness and generosity cannot be forgotten, was opened up
to pay passage money; but so far neither they nor I have regretted
making the venture.
I had first-class health and made up in endurance what I lacked in
avoirdupois, along with a firm determination to take up the first honest
work that presented itself, regardless of choice, and in the meantime to
secure a few gold claims, the fame of which had for two years reached my
ears.
In regard to the truthfulness of this record I have tried faithfully to
relate my experiences as they took place. Not all, of course, have been
included, for numerous and varied trials came to me, of which I have not
written, else a far more thrilling story could have been told.
Enough has, however, been noted to give my readers a fair idea of a
woman's life during a period of eighteen months in a few of the roughest
mining camps in the world; and that many may be interested, and to some
extent possibly instructed by the perusal of my little book, is the
sincere wish of the author.
MAY KELLOGG SULLIVAN.
A WOMAN WHO WENT--TO ALASKA.
CHAPTER I.
UNDER WAY.
My first trip from California to Alaska was made in the summer of 1899.
I went alone to Dawson to my father and brother, surprising them greatly
when I quietly walked up to shake hands with them at their work. The
amazement of my father knew no bounds,--and yet I could see a lot of
quiet amusement beneath all when he introduced me to his friends, which
plainly said:
"Here is my venturesome daughter, who is really a 'chip off the old
block,' so you must not be surprised at her coming to Alaska."
Father had gone to the Klondyke a year before at the age of sixty-four,
climbing Chilkoot Pass in the primitive way and "running" Miles Canyon
and White Horse Rapids in a small boat which came near being swamped in
the passage.
My brother's entrance to the famous gold fields was made in the same
dangerous manner a year before; but I had waited until trains over the
White Pass and Yukon Railroad had been crossing the mountains daily for
two weeks before myself attempting to get into Alaska's interior. At
that time it was only a three hours' ride, including stops, over the
Pass to Lake Bennett, the terminus of this new railroad, the first in
Alaska. A couple of rude open flat cars with springless seats along the
sides were all the accommodation we had as passengers from the summit of
White Pass to Lake Bennett; we having paid handsomely for the privilege
of riding in this manner and thinking | 425.478867 |
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AUTOBIOGRAPHY
OF
SIR GEORGE BIDDELL AIRY, K | 425.679611 |
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Produced by David Widger
TARTARIN ON THE ALPS.
By Alphonse Daudet
TARTARIN ON THE ALPS.
I.
Apparition on the Rigi-Kulm. Who is it? What was said around
a table of six hundred covers. Rice and Prunes, An
improvised ball. The Unknown signs his name on the hotel
register, P. C. A.
On the 10th of August, 1880, at that fabled hour of the setting sun so
vaunted by the guide-books Joanne and Baedeker, an hermetic yellow fog,
complicated with a flurry of snow in white spirals, enveloped the summit
of the Rigi (_Regina monhum_) and its gigantic hotel, extraordinary to
behold on the arid waste of those heights,--that Rigi-Kulm, glassed-in
like a conservatory, massive as a citadel, where alight for a night and
a day a flock of tourists, worshippers of the sun.
While awaiting the second dinner-gong, the transient inmates of the
vast and gorgeous caravansary, half frozen in their chambers above, or
gasping on the divans of the reading-rooms in the damp heat of lighted
furnaces, were gazing, in default of the promised splendours, at the
whirling white atoms and the lighting of the great lamps on the portico,
the double glasses of which were creaking in the wind.
To climb so high, to come from all four corners of the earth to see
that... Oh, Baedeker!..
Suddenly, something emerged from the fog and advanced toward the hotel
with a rattling of metal, an exaggeration of motions, caused by strange
accessories.
At a distance of twenty feet through the fog the torpid tourists, their
noses against the panes, the _misses_ with curious little heads trimmed
like those of boys, took this apparition for a cow, and then for a
tinker bearing his utensils.
Ten feet nearer the apparition changed again, showing a crossbow on the
shoulder, and the visored cap of an archer of the middle ages, with
the visor lowered, an object even more unlikely to meet with on these
heights than a strayed cow or an ambulating tinker.
On the portico the archer was no longer anything but a fat, squat,
broad-backed man, who stopped to get breath and to shake the snow from
his leggings, made like his cap of yellow cloth, and from his knitted
comforter, which allowed scarcely more of his face to be seen than a few
tufts of grizzling beard and a pair of enormous green spectacles made as
convex as the glass of a stereoscope. An alpenstock, knapsack, coil of
rope worn in saltire, crampons and iron hooks hanging to the belt of
an English blouse with broad pleats, completed the accoutrement of this
perfect Alpinist.
On the desolate summits of Mont Blanc or the Finsteraarhorn this
clambering apparel would have seemed very natural, but on the Rigi-Kulm
ten feet from a railway track!--
The Alpinist, it is true, came from the side opposite to the station,
and the state of his leggings testified to a long march through snow and
mud.
For a moment he gazed at the hotel and its surrounding buildings,
seemingly stupefied at finding, two thousand and more yards above the
sea, a building of such importance, glazed galleries, colonnades, seven
storeys of windows, and a broad portico stretching away between two
rows of globe-lamps which gave to this mountain-summit the aspect of the
Place de l'Opera of a winter's evening.
But, surprised as he may have been, the people in the hotel were
more surprised still, and when he entered the immense antechamber an
inquisitive hustling took place in the doorways of all the salons:
gentlemen armed with billiard-cues, others with open newspapers, ladies
still holding their book or their work pressed forward, while in the
background, on the landing of the staircase, heads leaned over the
baluster and between the chains of the lift.
The man said aloud, in a powerful deep bass voice, the chest voice of
the South, resounding like cymbals:--
"_Coquin de bon sort!_ what an atmosphere!"
Then he stopped short, to take off his cap and his spectacles.
He was suffocating.
The dazzle of the lights, the heat of the gas and furnace, in contrast
with the cold darkness without, and this sumptuous display, these lofty
ceilings, these porters bedizened with _Regina Montium_ in letters
of gold on their naval caps, the white cravats of the waiters and the
battalion of Swiss girls in their native costumes coming forward at
sound of the gong, all these things bewildered him for a second--but
only one.
He felt himself looked at and instantly recovered his self-possession,
like a comedian facing a full house.
"Monsieur desires..?"
This was the manager of the hotel, making the inquiry with the tips of
his teeth, a very dashing manager, striped jacket, silken whiskers, the
head of a lady's dressmaker.
The Alpinist, not disturbed, asked for a room, "A good little room,
_au mouain?_" perfectly at ease with that majestic manager, as if with a
former schoolmate.
But he came near being angry when a Bernese servant-girl, advancing,
candle in hand, and stiff in her gilt stomacher and puffed muslin
sleeves, inquired if Monsieur would be pleased to take the lift. The
proposal to commit a crime would not have made him more indignant.
"A lift! he!.. for him!.." And his cry, his gesture, set all his metals
rattling.
Quickly appeased, however, he said to the maiden, in an amiable tone:
"_Pedibusse cum jambisse_, my pretty little cat..." And he went up
behind her, his broad back filling the stairway, parting the persons he
met on his way, while throughout the hotel the clamorous questions ran:
"Who is he? What's this?" muttered in the divers languages of all four
quarters of the globe. Then the second dinner-gong sounded, and nobody
thought any longer of this extraordinary personage.
A sight to behold, that dining-room of the Rigi-Kulm.
Six hundred covers around an immense horseshoe table, where tall,
shallow dishes of rice and of prunes, alternating in long files with
green plants, reflected in their dark or transparent sauces the flame of
the candles in the chandeliers and the gilding of the panelled ceiling.
As in all Swiss _tables d'hote_, rice and prunes divided the dinner into
two rival factions, and merely by the looks of hatred or of hankering
cast upon those dishes it was easy to tell to which party the guests
belonged. The Rices were known by their anaemic pallor, the Prunes by
their congested skins.
That evening the latter were the most numerous, counting among them
several important personalities, European celebrities, such as the great
historian Astier-Rehu, of the French Academy, Baron von Stolz, an
old Austro-Hungarian diplomat, Lord Chipendale (?), a member of the
Jockey-Club and his niece (h'm, h'm!), the illustrious doctor-professor
Schwanthaler, from the University of Bonn, a Peruvian general with eight
young daughters.
To these the Rices could only oppose as a picket-guard a Belgian senator
and his family, Mme. Schwanthaler, the professor's wife, and an Italian
tenor, returning from Russia, who displayed his cuffs, with buttons as
big as saucers, upon the tablecloth.
It was these opposing currents which no doubt caused the stiffness
and embarrassment of the company. How else explain the silence of six
hundred half-frozen, scowling, distrustful persons, and the sovereign
contempt they appeared to affect for one another? A superficial observer
might perhaps have attributed this stiffness to stupid Anglo-Saxon
haughtiness which, nowadays, gives the tone in all countries to the
travelling world.
No! no! Beings with human faces are not born to hate one another thus at
first sight, to despise each other with their very noses, lips, and eyes
for lack of a previous introduction. There must be another cause.
Rice and Prunes, I tell you. There you have the explanation of the
gloomy silence weighing upon this dinner at the Rigi-Kulm, which,
considering the number and international variety of the guests, ought to
have been lively, tumultuous, such as we imagine the repasts at the foot
of the Tower of Babel to have been.
The Alpinist entered the room, a little overcome by this refectory of
monks, apparently doing penance beneath the glare of chandeliers; he
coughed noisily without any one taking notice of him, and seated himself
in his place of last-comer at the end of the room. Divested of his
accoutrements, he was now a tourist like any other, but of aspect more
amiable, bald, barrel-bellied, his beard pointed and bunchy, his nose
majestic, his eyebrows thick and ferocious, overhanging the glance of a
downright good fellow.
Rice or Prunes? No one knew as yet.
Hardly was he installed before he became uneasy, and leaving his place
with an alarming bound: "Ouf! what a draught!" he said aloud, as he
sprang to an empty chair with its back laid over on the table.
He was stopped by the Swiss maid on duty--from the canton of Uri, that
one--silver chains and white muslin chemisette.
"Monsieur, this place is engaged..."
Then a young lady, seated next to the chair, of whom the Alpinist could
see only her blond hair rising from the whiteness of virgin snows, said,
without turning round, and with a foreign accent:
"That place is free; my brother is ill, and will not be down."
"Ill?.." said the Alpinist, seating himself, with an anxious, almost
affectionate manner... "Ill? Not dangerously, _au moins_."
He said _au mouain_, and the word recurred in all his remarks, with
other vocable parasites, such as _he, que, tey zou, ve, vai, et
autrement, differemment_, etc., still further emphasized by a Southern
accent, displeasing, apparently, to the young lady, for she answered
with a glacial glance of a black blue, the blue of an abyss.
His neighbour on the right had nothing encouraging about him either;
this was the Italian tenor, a gay bird with a low forehead, oily pupils,
and the moustache of a matador, which he twirled with nervous fingers
at being thus separated from his pretty neighbour. | 425.691646 |
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The Old Blood
By FREDER | 425.775182 |
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Produced by Roger Frank, Darleen Dove and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
THE SCARLET FEATHER
[Illustration: THERE WAS SOM | 425.978705 |
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E-text prepared by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier, Stephanie Eason, and the
Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team
(http://www.pgdp.net)
STORYOLOGY:
| 426.073188 |
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Produced by Delphine Lettau, Pat McCoy and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
WOMEN NOVELISTS
_Of_
QUEEN VICTORIA'S REIGN
Women Novelists
_Of_
Queen Victoria's Reign
_A Book of Appreciations_
By
Mrs. Oliphant, Mrs. Lynn Linton
Mrs. Alexander, Mrs. Macquoid, Mrs. Parr
Mrs. Marshall, Charlotte M. Yonge
Adeline Sergeant & Edna Lyall
London
Hurst & Blackett, Limited
13 Great Marlborough Street
1897
_ALL RIGHTS RESERVED_
Printed by BALLANTYNE, HANSON & CO.
At the Ballantyne Press
CONTENTS
THE SISTERS BRONTE
_By_ MRS. OLIPHANT _Page_ 1
GEORGE ELIOT
_By_ MRS. LYNN LINTON _Page_ 61
MRS. GASKELL
_By_ EDNA LYALL _Page_ 117
MRS. CROWE
MRS. ARCHER CLIVE
MRS. HENRY WOOD
_By_ ADELINE SERGEANT _Page_ 149
LADY GEORGIANA FULLERTON
MRS. STRETTON
ANNE MANNING
_By_ CHARLOTTE M. YONGE _Page_ 193
DINAH MULOCK (MRS. CRAIK)
_By_ MRS. PARR _Page_ 217
JULIA KAVANAGH
AMELIA BLANDFORD EDWARDS
_By_ MRS. MACQUOID _Page_ 249
MRS. NORTON
_By_ MRS. ALEXANDER _Page_ 275
"A. L. O. E." (MISS TUCKER)
MRS. EWING
_By_ MRS. MARSHALL _Page_ 291
PUBLISHERS' NOTE
_Having been concerned for many years in the publication of works of
fiction by feminine writers, it has occurred to us to offer, as our
contribution to the celebration of "the longest Reign," a volume having
for its subject leading Women Novelists of the Victorian Era._
_In the case of living lady fictionists, it is too early to assess the
merit or forecast the future of their works. The present book,
therefore, is restricted to Women Novelists deceased._
_It was further necessary to confine the volume within reasonable
limits, and it was decided, consequently, that it should deal only with
Women who did all their work in Fiction after the accession of the
Queen. This decision excludes not only such writers as Lady Morgan, Mrs.
Opie, Miss Ferrier, Miss Mitford, Mrs. Shelley, and Miss Jane Porter,
who, although they died after 1837, published all their most notable
stories early in the century; but also such writers as Mrs. Gore, Mrs.
Br | 426.18853 |
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MOSSES FROM AN OLD MANSE
By Nathaniel Hawthorne
A VIRTUOSO'S COLLECTION
The other day, having a leisure hour at my disposal, I stepped into
a new museum, to which my notice was casually drawn by a small and
unobtrusive sign: "TO BE SEEN HERE, A VIRTUOSO'S COLLECTION." Such
was the simple yet not altogether unpromising announcement that
turned my steps aside for a little while from the sunny sidewalk of
our principal thoroughfare. Mounting a sombre staircase, I pushed
open a door at its summit, and found myself in the presence of a
person, who mentioned the moderate sum that would entitle me to
admittance.
"Three shillings, Massachusetts tenor," said he. "No, I mean half a
dollar, as you reckon in these days."
While searching my pocket for the coin I glanced at the doorkeeper,
the marked character and individuality of whose aspect encouraged me
to expect something not quite in the ordinary way. He wore an
old-fashioned great-coat, much faded, within which his meagre person
was so completely enveloped that the rest of his attire was
undistinguishable. But his visage was remarkably wind-flushed,
sunburnt, and weather-worn, and had a most, unquiet, nervous, and
apprehensive expression. It seemed as if this man had some
all-important object in view, some point of deepest interest to be
decided, some momentous question to ask, might he but hope for a
reply. As it was evident, however, that I could have nothing to do
with his private affairs, I passed through an open doorway, which
admitted me into the extensive hall of the museum.
Directly in front of the portal was the bronze statue of a youth
with winged feet. He was represented in the act of flitting away
from earth, yet wore such a look of earnest invitation that it
impressed me like a summons to enter the hall.
"It is the original statue of Opportunity, by the ancient sculptor
Lysippus," said a gentleman who now approached me. "I place it at
the entrance of my museum, because it is not at all times that one
can gain admittance to such a collection."
The speaker was a middle-aged person, of whom it was not easy to
determine whether he had spent his life as a scholar or as a man of
action; in truth, all outward and obvious peculiarities had been
worn away by an extensive and promiscuous intercourse with the
world. There was no mark about him of profession, individual
habits, or scarcely of country; although his dark complexion and
high features made me conjecture that he was a native of some
southern clime of Europe. At all events, he was evidently the
virtuoso in person.
"With your permission," said he, "as we have no descriptive
catalogue, I will accompany you through the museum and point out
whatever may be most worthy of attention. In the first place, here
is a choice collection of stuffed animals."
Nearest the door stood the outward semblance of a wolf, exquisitely
prepared, it is true, and showing a very wolfish fierceness in the
large glass eyes which were inserted into its wild and crafty head.
Still it was merely the skin of a wolf, with nothing to distinguish
it from other individuals of that unlovely breed.
"How does this animal deserve a place in your collection?" inquired
I.
"It is the wolf that devoured Little Red Riding Hood," answered the
virtuoso; "and by his side--with a milder and more matronly look, as
you perceive--stands the she-wolf that suckled Romulus and Remus."
"Ah, indeed!" exclaimed I. "And what lovely lamb is this with the
snow-white fleece, which seems to be of as delicate a texture as
innocence itself?"
"Methinks you have but carelessly read Spenser," replied my guide,
"or you would at once recognize the'milk-white lamb' which Una led.
But I set no great value upon the lamb. The next specimen is better
worth our notice."
"What!" cried I, "this strange animal, with the black head of an ox
upon the body of a white horse? Were it possible to suppose it, I
should say that this was Alexander's steed Bucephalus."
"The same," said the virtuoso. "And can you likewise give a name to
the famous charger that stands beside him?"
Next to the renowned Bucephalus stood the mere skeleton of a horse,
with the white bones peeping through his ill-conditioned hide; but,
if my heart had not warmed towards that pitiful anatomy, I might as
well have quitted the museum at once. Its rarities had not been
collected with pain and toil from the four quarters of the earth,
and from the depths of the sea, and from the palaces and sepulchres
of ages, for those who could mistake this illustrious steed.
"It, is Rosinante!" exclaimed I, with enthusiasm.
And so it proved. My admiration for the noble and gallant horse
caused me to glance with less interest at the other animals,
although many of | 426.503791 |
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State of the Union Addresses of Ulysses S. Grant
The addresses are separated by three asterisks: ***
Dates of addresses by Ulysses S. Grant in this eBook:
December 6, 1869
December 5, 1870
December 4, 1871
December 2, 1872
December 1, 1873
December 7, 1874
December 7, 1875
December 5, 1876
***
State of the Union Address
Ulysses S. Grant
December 6, 1869
To the Senate and House of Representatives:
In coming before you for the first time as Chief Magistrate of this great
nation, it is with gratitude to the Giver of All Good for the many benefits
we enjoy. We are blessed with peace at home, and are without entangling
alliances abroad to forebode trouble; with a territory unsurpassed in
fertility, of an area equal to the abundant support of 500,000,000 people,
and abounding in every variety of useful mineral in quantity sufficient to
supply the world for generations; with exuberant crops; with a variety of
climate adapted to the production of every species of earth's riches and
suited to the habits, tastes, and requirements of every living thing; with
a population of 40,000,000 free people, all speaking one language; with
facilities for every mortal to acquire an education; with institutions
closing to none the avenues to fame or any blessing of fortune that may be
coveted; with freedom of the pulpit, the press, and the school; with a
revenue flowing into the National Treasury beyond the requirements of the
Government. Happily, harmony is being rapidly restored within our own
borders. Manufactures hitherto unknown in our country are springing up in
all sections, producing a degree of national independence unequaled by that
of any other power.
These blessings and countless others are intrusted to your care and mine
for safe-keeping for the brief period of our tenure of office. In a short
time we must, each of us, return to the ranks of the people, who have
conferred upon us our honors, and account to them for our stewardship. I
earnestly desire that neither you nor I may be condemned by a free and
enlightened constituency nor by our own consciences.
Emerging from a rebellion of gigantic magnitude, aided, as it was, by the
sympathies and assistance of nations with which we were at peace, eleven
States of the Union were, four years ago, left without legal State
governments. A national debt had been contracted; American commerce was
almost driven from the seas; the industry of one-half of the country had
been taken from the control of the capitalist and placed where all labor
rightfully belongs--in the keeping of the laborer. The work of restoring
State governments loyal to the Union, of protecting and fostering free
labor, and providing means for paying the interest on the public debt has
received ample attention from Congress. Although your efforts have not met
with the success in all particulars that might have been desired, yet on
the whole they have been more successful than could have been reasonably
anticipated.
Seven States which passed ordinances of secession have been fully restored
to their places in the Union. The eighth (Georgia) held an election at
which she ratified her constitution, republican in form, elected a
governor, Members of Congress, a State legislature, and all other officers
required. The governor was duly installed, and the legislature met and
performed all the acts then required of them by the reconstruction acts of
Congress. Subsequently, however, in violation of the constitution which
they had just ratified (as since decided by the supreme court of the
State), they unseated the members of the legislature and admitted
to seats some members who are disqualified by the third clause of the
fourteenth amendment to the Constitution--an article which they themselves
had contributed to ratify. Under these circumstances I would submit to you
whether it would not be wise, without delay, to enact a law authorizing the
governor of Georgia to convene the members originally elected to the
legislature, requiring each member to take the oath prescribed by the
reconstruction acts, and none to be admitted who are ineligible under the
third clause of the fourteenth amendment.
The freedmen, under the protection which they have received, are making
rapid progress in learning, and no complaints are heard of lack of industry
on their part where they receive fair remuneration for their labor. The
means provided for paying the interest on the public debt, with all other
expenses of Government, are more than ample. The loss of our commerce is
the only result of the late rebellion which has not received sufficient
attention from you. To this subject I call your earnest attention. I will
not now suggest plans by which this object may be effected, but will, if
necessary, make it the subject of a special message during the session of
Congress.
At the March term Congress by joint resolution authorized the Executive to
order elections in the States of Virginia, Mississippi, and Texas, to
submit to them the constitutions which each had previously, in convention,
framed, and submit the constitutions, either entire or in separate parts,
to be voted upon, at the discretion of the Executive. Under this authority
elections were called. In Virginia the election took place on the 6th of
July, 1869. The governor and lieutenant-governor elected have been
installed. The legislature met and did all required by this resolution and
by all the reconstruction acts of Congress, and abstained from all doubtful
authority. I recommend that her Senators and Representatives be promptly
admitted to their seats, and that the State be fully restored to its place
in the family of States. Elections were called in Mississippi and Texas, to
commence on the 30th of November, 1869, and to last two days in Mississippi
and four days in Texas. The elections have taken place, but the result is
not known. It is to be hoped that the acts of the legislatures of these
States, when they meet, will be such as to receive your approval, and thus
close the work of reconstruction.
Among the evils growing out of the rebellion, and not yet referred to, is
that of an irredeemable currency. It is an evil which I hope will receive
your most earnest attention. It is a duty, and one of the highest duties,
of Government to secure to the citizen a medium of exchange of fixed,
unvarying value. This implies a return to a specie basis, and no substitute
for it can be devised. It should be commenced now and reached at the
earliest practicable moment consistent with a fair regard to the interests
of the debtor class. Immediate resumption, if practicable, would not be
desirable. It would compel the debtor class to pay, beyond their contracts,
the premium on gold at the date of their purchase and would bring
bankruptcy and ruin to thousands. Fluctuation, however, in the paper value
of the measure of all values (gold) is detrimental to the interests of
trade. It makes the man of business an involuntary gambler, for in all
sales where future payment is to be made both parties speculate as to what
will be the value of the currency to be paid and received. I earnestly
recommend to you, then, such legislation as will insure a gradual return to
specie payments and put an immediate stop to fluctuations in the value of
currency.
The methods to secure the former of these results are as numerous as are
the speculators on political economy. To secure the latter I see but one
way, and that is to authorize the Treasury to redeem its own paper, at a
fixed price, whenever presented, and to withhold from circulation all
currency so redeemed until sold again for gold.
The vast resources of the nation, both developed and undeveloped, ought to
make our credit the best on earth. With a less burden of taxation than the
citizen has endured for six years past, the entire public debt could be
paid in ten years. But it is not desirable that the people should be taxed
to pay it in that time. Year by year the ability to pay increases in a
rapid ratio. But the burden of interest ought to be reduced as rapidly as
can be done without the violation of contract. The public debt is
represented in great part by bonds having from five to twenty and from ten
to forty years to run, bearing interest at the rate of 6 per cent and 5 per
cent, respectively. It is optional with the Government to pay these bonds
at any period after the expiration of the least time mentioned upon their
face. The time has already expired when a great part of them may be taken
up, and is rapidly approaching when all may be. It is believed that all
which are now due may be replaced by bonds bearing a rate of interest not
exceeding 4 1/2 per cent, and as rapidly as the remainder become due that
they may be replaced in the same way. To accomplish this it may be
necessary to authorize the interest to be paid at either of three or four
of the money centers of Europe, or by any assistant treasurer of the United
States, at the option of the holder of the bond. I suggest this subject for
the consideration of Congress, and also, simultaneously with this, the
propriety of redeeming our currency, as before suggested, at its market
value at the time the law goes into effect, increasing the rate at which
currency shall be bought and sold from day to day or week to week, at the
same rate of interest as Government pays upon its bonds.
The subjects of tariff and internal taxation will necessarily receive your
attention. The revenues of the country are greater than the requirements,
and may with safety be reduced. But as the funding of the debt in a 4 or a
4 1/2 per cent loan would reduce annual current expenses largely, thus,
after funding, justifying a greater reduction of taxation than would be now
expedient, I suggest postponement of this question until the next meeting
of Congress.
It may be advisable to modify taxation and tariff in instances where unjust
or burdensome discriminations are made by the present laws, but a general
revision of the laws regulating this subject I recommend the postponement
of for the present. I also suggest the renewal of the tax on incomes, but
at a reduced rate, say of 3 per cent, and this tax to expire in three
years.
With the funding of the national debt, as here suggested, I feel safe in
saying that taxes and the revenue from imports may be reduced safely from
sixty to eighty millions per annum at once, and may be still further
reduced from year to year, as the resources of the country are developed.
The report of the Secretary of the Treasury shows the receipts of the
Government for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1869, to be $370,943,747,
and the expenditures, including interest, bounties, etc., to be
$321,490,597. The estimates for the ensuing year are more favorable to the
Government, and will no doubt show a much larger decrease of the public
debt.
The receipts in the Treasury beyond expenditures have exceeded the amount
necessary to place to the credit of the sinking fund, as provided by law.
To lock up the surplus in the Treasury and withhold it from circulation
would lead to such a contraction of the currency as to <DW36> trade and
seriously affect the prosperity of the country. Under these circumstances
the Secretary of the Treasury and myself heartily concurred in the
propriety of using all the surplus currency in the Treasury in the purchase
of Government bonds, thus reducing the interest-bearing indebtedness of the
country, and of submitting to Congress the question of the disposition to
be made of the bonds so purchased. The bonds now held by the Treasury
amount to about seventy-five millions, including those belonging to the
sinking fund. I recommend that the whole be placed to the credit of the
sinking fund.
Your attention is respectfully invited to the recommendations of the
Secretary of the Treasury for the creation of the office of commissioner of
customs revenue; for the increase of salaries to certain classes of
officials; the substitution of increased national-bank circulation to
replace the outstanding 3 per cent certificates; and most especially to his
recommendation for the repeal of laws allowing shares of fines, penalties,
forfeitures, etc., to officers of the Government or to informers.
The office of Commissioner of Internal Revenue is one of the most arduous
and responsible under the Government. It falls but little, if any, short of
a Cabinet position in its importance and responsibilities. I would ask for
it, therefore, such legislation as in your judgment | 426.577532 |
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LONDON
BY
WALTER BESANT
AUTHOR OF "ALL SORTS AND CONDITIONS OF MEN"
"FIFTY YEARS AGO" ETC.
_WITH ILLUSTRATIONS_
[Illustration]
NEW YORK
HARPER & BROTHERS, FRANKLIN SQUARE
Copyright, 1892, by HARPER & BROTHERS.
_All rights reserved._
PREFACE
In the following chapters it has been my endeavor to present pictures of
the City of London--instantaneous photographs, showing the streets, the
buildings, and the citizens at work and at play. Above all, the
citizens: with their daily life in the streets, in the shops, in the
churches, and in the houses; the merchant in the quays and on 'Change;
the shopkeeper of Cheapside; the priests and the monks and the friars;
the shouting of those who sell; the laughter and singing of those who
feast and drink; the ringing of the bells; the dragging of the criminal
to the pillory; the Riding of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen; the river
with its boats and barges; the cheerful sound of pipe and tabor; the
stage with its tumblers and its rope-dancers; the 'prentices with their
clubs; the evening dance in the streets. I want my pictures to show all
these things. The history of London has been undertaken by many writers;
the presentment of the city and the people from age to age has never
yet, I believe, been attempted.
The sources whence one derives the materials for such an attempt are, in
the earlier stages, perfectly well known and accessible to all. Chaucer,
Froissart, Lydgate, certain volumes of the "Early English Text Society,"
occur to everybody. But the richest mine, for him who digs after the
daily life of the London citizen during the fourteenth and fifteenth
centuries, is certainly Riley's great book of _Extracts from the City
Records_. If there is any life or any reality in the three chapters of
this book which treat of the Plantagenet period, it is certainly due to
Riley.
As regards the Tudor period, the wealth of illustration is astonishing.
One might as well be writing of the city life of this day, so copious
are the materials. But it is not to Shakespeare and the dramatists that
we must look for the details so much as to the minor writers, the
moralists and satirists, of whom the ordinary world knows nothing.
The reign of Charles II. directs one to the Plague and to the Fire. I
was fortunate in finding two tracts, one dealing with the plague of
1603, and the other with that of 1625. These, though they are earlier
than Charles II., were invaluable, as illustrating the effect of the
pestilence in causing an exodus of all who could get away, which took
place as much in these earlier years as in 1666. Contemporary tracts on
the state of London after the Fire, also happily discovered, proved
useful. And when the Plague and the Fire had been dismissed, another
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SANT' ILARIO
BY
F. MARION CRAWFORD
AUTHOR OF "MR. ISAACS," | 427.07789 |
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Produced by Giovanni Fini and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive)
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE:
—Obvious print and punctuation errors were corrected.
—Volumes I and II of this work have been published by Project Gutenberg:
-Vol. I: http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/49104
-Vol. II: http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/49118
THE
HISTORY OF THE CRUSADES
BY
JOSEPH FRANCOIS MICHAUD.
_TRANSLATED BY W. ROBSON._
A New Edition,
WITH PREFACE AND SUPPLEMENTARY CHAPTER BY
HAMILTON W. MABIE.
_IN THREE VOLUMES._
VOL. III.
NEW YORK:
A. C. ARMSTRONG & SON,
714 BROADWAY.
CONTENTS TO VOL. III.
BOOK XV.—A.D. 1255-1270.
EIGHTH CRUSADE.
Christian cities of Palestine fortified by Louis
IX.—Quarrels among the Crusaders—Divisions
among the Saracens—Aibek, sultan of Egypt,
assassinated—Chegger-Adour, the sultana,
assassinated—The Moguls, or Tartars, capture
Bagdad—Koutouz elected sultan of Egypt—The
Moguls capture the principal cities of Syria—The
general terror inspired among the Mussulmans and
Christians—Apprehensions of Bela IV., king of
Hungary—Assassination of Koutouz—The Mamelukes of
Egypt—Bibars proclaimed sultan of Egypt—Declares
war against the Christians of Palestine—The
Mamelukes defeat and expel the Tartars from
Palestine—Constantinople recaptured by the Greeks,
and the Latins expelled—The Christians defeated by
the Mamelukes, and Palestine laid waste—Cæsarea,
Arsouf, and Sefed besieged and captured—Slaughter
of the Christians—Mohammedanism not a religion of
the sword—Charlemagne’s career—Capture of Jaffa by
the sultan of Egypt—Bohemond forms a treaty with
Bibars—Antioch captured and destroyed, and the
inhabitants slaughtered—Quarrels of the popes with the
sovereigns of Europe—Royal family of Swabia—Charles,
count of Anjou, crowned by the pope as king of
Sicily—Mainfroy—Conraddin disputes the crown of
Sicily—Louis IX. determines upon a fresh crusade to
the Holy Land—The illustrious personages who take the
cross in his support—Joinville declines to accompany
him—Abaga, khan of the Tartars, sends ambassadors to
Rome—Pope Clement IV. supports the new crusade—The
clergy oppose the levying of contributions—A council
held at Northampton for aiding the crusade—James king
of Arragon, and Edward prince of England, engage in the
crusade—Death of Clement IV.—The Crusaders arrive
at Tunis—Historical notice of Tunis—The Mohammedans
resist the Crusaders—Sickness and mortality among
the Crusaders—Death of the duke de Nevers—Illness
and fervent devotion of Louis—His death—Charles
of Anjou lands at Tunis, and takes the command of
the Crusaders—Returns to France with the bodies of
his father, wife, and brother—The virtue? and piety
of Louis IX.—Prince Edward of England arrives in
Palestine—Nazareth captured by the Crusaders—Prince
Edward returns to England—Thibault elected pope,
under the title of Gregory X.—He convokes the council
of Lyons for reviving a new crusade—Curious document
issued by Humbert de Romanis—Three pretenders to
the throne of Jerusalem—The continued victories of
Bibars—His death and character—Death of Gregory
X.—Revolt in Sicily—The Sicilian vespers—Kealaoun,
the sultan of Egypt, concludes a treaty with the
Christians of Ptolemaïs, and enters into treaties
with European princes—Fort of Margat captured
by the Mussulmans—Sieur Barthélemi becomes a
Mohammedan renegade—Tripoli captured and destroyed,
and the Christians slaughtered—Description of
Ptolemaïs—Chalil elected sultan of Egypt—The
Mussulman sect of Chages—Ptolemaïs captured
and destroyed by Chalil—Virgins of St. Clair
self-mutilated and destroyed—Death of William de
Clermont—Devoted heroism of the Templars—Capture
and destruction of Tyre, Berytus, Sidon, and all the
Christian cities along the coast of Palestine pp. 1-91.
BOOK XVI.—A.D. 1291-1396.
ATTEMPTED CRUSADES AGAINST THE TURKS.
Pope Nicholas IV. attempts to revive a fresh
crusade against the East—Sends missionaries to the
Tartars—Their contests with the Mussulmans revive
the hopes of the Christians—Argun, the Tartar
chief—Conquests of the Tartars—Cazan, the Mogul
prince, sends ambassadors to the Pope—Clement IV.
proclaims a crusade at the council of Vienna—Exploits
of the Hospitallers—Conquests and wealth of the
Templars—Accusations against them—Philip le Bel
of France takes the cross—His death—Philip le
Long—His death—Charles le Bel—His death—Raymond
Lulli preaches a fresh crusade—Philip of Valois
convokes an assembly at Paris for reviving a fresh
crusade—Renewed persecutions of the Christians
in Palestine—Brother Andrew of Antioch—Petrarch
an apostle of the holy war—Humbert II., dauphin
of Viennois, takes the cross—Hugh of Lusignan,
king of Cyprus—Political troubles of France—King
John taken prisoner at Poictiers—Engages in a
fresh crusade—Urban V. convokes a meeting at
Avignon—Peter de Lusignan, and Charles IV., emperor
of Germany, engage in the crusade—Alexandria
captured and burnt by the Crusaders—Barbary
invaded by the Christian forces—Tripoli captured
and burnt—Towns of Syria destroyed—Origin and
history of the Turks and the Ottoman empire—Their
conquests and invasion of Greece—Constantinople
menaced by the Turks—Its tottering state—The
emperors of Constantinople—Amurath, the Turkish
sultan—Bajazet—Two popes at the same time—Crusade
against the Turks determined on—Bajazet defeats
the Christian forces with great slaughter—Defeats
the Hungarians—Manuel, emperor of Constantinople,
visits France—Distracted state of Europe—History
and conquests of Tamerlane the Tartar—The Turks
defeated, and Syria overrun by the Tartars—Bajazet
raises the siege of Constantinople, and is defeated
by Tamerlane—Smyrna captured and destroyed—The
Ottomans reconquer the provinces overrun by
Tamerlane—The Greek Church submits to papal
authority—The barbarities of the Turks towards the
Christians—Pope Eugenius exhorts the Christian states
to another crusade—Cardinal Julian preaches in its
favour—Amurath enters into a treaty of peace with the
Crusaders, which being violated, they are defeated
with great slaughter—Ladislaus, king of Poland, and
Cardinal Julian, slain—Battle of Warna—Accession
of Mahomet II. to the Ottoman throne—His extensive
empire—Besieges Constantinople—Character of
Constantine Palæologus, the Greek emperor—His great
efforts in defence of his capital—Mahomet takes the
city by storm—Death of the emperor and destruction of
the Greek empire pp. 92-158.
BOOK XVII.—A.D. 1453-1481.
CRUSADES AGAINST THE TURKS.
Consternation among the Christian states at the
fall of Constantinople.—Philip, duke of Burgundy,
assembles his nobility at Lille—Curious festival
held by—Enthusiasm in favour of a crusade against
the Turks—Bishop Sylvius, John Capistran, Frederick
III. of Germany, and Pope Calixtus III. endeavour
to stir up the crusade—The Turks penetrate into
Hungary—Valour of Hunniades—They are defeated
at Belgrade—An alarming comet—Bishop Sylvius
elected Pope—Extended conquests of Mahomet II.—He
subdues Greece—The Pope convokes an assembly at
Mantua to urge on the crusade—His negociations
with Mahomet—Bosnia conquered—Pius II. engages
personally in the crusade, reaches Ancona, and
dies—Scanderberg defeats the Turks—Mahomet II.
swears to annihilate Christianity—The king of
Persia marches against the Turks, and his army
is destroyed—Cardinal Caraffa commands a fleet
of Crusaders—Satalia and Smyrna pillaged by the
Christian forces—Possessions of the Venetians and
Genoese captured by the Turks—Jacques Cœur—Cyprus
subjected to the Mussulmans—Taken possession of by
the Turks—Rhodes bravely defended by the knights
of St. John—The Turks invade Hungary and different
parts of Europe simultaneously—Defeated by Corvinus,
king of Hungary—Otranto captured by the Turks, and
afterwards abandoned—Pope Sextus IV. implores the
aid of Christian Europe against the Turks—Distracted
state of Italy—Death of Mahomet II., and divisions
in his family—Zizim disputes the Turkish empire with
Bajazet, and visits Europe—Charles VIII. of Naples,
engages in a crusade against the Turks—Alphonso II.
of Arragon—Italy invaded, and Rome possessed by the
French—Andrew Palæologus sells his claims to the
empire of the East—Death of Zizim—-Bajazet declares
war against Venice—Negotiates a treaty—Undertakes
an expedition against Portugal—Commercial ambition
of Venice—Diet at Augsburgh—Helian’s speech
against the Venetians—Council of Lateran convoked
by Julius II.—Bajazet II. dethroned, and succeeded
by Selim—Disorders of Christendom—Selim conquers
the king of Persia and the sultan of Egypt—Palestine
and all the rival powers of the East under the
domination of the Turks—Exertions of Leo X. for
reviving a crusade against them—Vida, the Italian
poet—Novagero’s eulogies on Leo X.—Cultivation
of Greek in Italy—Great preparations for the new
crusade—Eloquence of Sadoletus, and letters of Francis
I. in its favour—Sale of indulgences—Quarrels of
the Augustines and the Dominicans—Preaching of
Luther against indulgences—Soliman succeeds to the
Ottoman empire—Belgrade and Rhodes captured by the
Turks—The knights of St. John expelled from Rhodes,
and transferred to Malta—Francis I. made prisoner
at the battle of Pavia—The Hungarians defeated
by the Turks, and Louis II. slain—Clement VII.
imprisoned by Charles V.—Religious distractions of
Europe—Vienna besieged by the Turks—Hungary enters
into a treaty of peace—Policy of Henry VIII., of
Francis I., and of Charles V.—The Barbary states taken
under the protection of the Ottoman Porte—Preaching
of Luther—Heroic defence of Malta—Death of
Soliman, and accession of Selim—Capture of
Cyprus—The Turks signally defeated at the naval
battle of Lepanto—Universal rejoicings throughout
Christendom—General spread of civilization in
Europe—Brilliant age of Leo X.—The military power
of the Turks begins to decline—Defeated by Sobieski
before the walls of Vienna—Causes and history of
their decline—The Moors driven from Spain—State
of Christendom in Europe, and progress of the
Reformation—Ignatius Loyola—Pilgrimages to the Holy
Land—A spirit of resignation assumes the place of
enthusiasm for the crusades pp. 159-250.
BOOK XVIII.—A.D. 1571-1685.
Reflections on the state of Europe, on the various
classes of society, and on the progress of navigation,
industry, arts, and general knowledge during and after
the crusades pp. 251-348.
APPENDIX.
Pilgrimages—Itinerary from Bordeaux to
Jerusalem—Foulque of Anjou—William of
Malmesbury—Robert of Normandy—Charlemagne—Chronicle
of Tours—Letters of Bohemond, of Archbishop
Daimbert, and of the principal Crusaders—Council of
Naplouse—Bull of Pope Eugenius III. for the second
crusade—Letter from Saladin, detailing his capture
of Jerusalem and the battle of Tiberias—Sermon
made at Jerusalem by Mohammed Ben Z | 427.577249 |
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[Illustration: Cover art]
[Frontispiece: Knox Magee]
WITH RING OF SHIELD
"_On he came, and | 428.07501 |
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Produced by David Widger from page images generously
provided by the Internet Archive
TRELAWNY OF THE "WELLS"
A Comedietta in Four Acts
By Arthur W. Pinero
1899
This Play was produced at the Court Theatre, London, on Thursday,
January 29th, 1898.
[_The Original Cast at the Lyceum Theatre, New York_]
[Ill 0000]
THEATRICAL FOLK
Tom Wrench Ferdinand Gadd
James Telfer of the
Augustus Colpoys Bagnigge-Wells
Rose Trelawny Theatre
Avonia Bunn
Mrs. Telfer, ( Miss Violet)
Imogen Parrott, of the Royal Olympic Theatre O' Dwyer, prompter at the
Pantheon Theatre
Edward J. Morgan Wm. Courtleigh Geo. C. Boniface Charles W. Butler Mary
Mannering Elizabeth Tyree Mrs. Chas. Walcot Hilda Spong Grant Stewart
Mr. Denzil Mr. Mortimer Mr. Hunston Miss Brewster of the Pantheon
Theatre
Thos. Whiffen Louis Albion Mace Greenleaf Adelaide Keim
Hallkeeper at the Pantheon
Edward H. Wilkinson
NON-THEATRICAL FOLK
Vice-Chancellor Sir William Gower, Kt.
Arthur Gower 4
Clara de Foenix &
Charles Walcot
Henry Woodruff Helma Nelson
Miss Trafalgar Gower, Sir William's sister Ethel Hornick
Captain de Foenix, Clara's husband H. S. Taber
Mrs. Mossop, a landlady Mrs. Thos. Whiffen
Mr. Ablett, a grocer John Findlay
Charles, a butler W. B. Royston
Sarah, a maid Blanche Kelleher
THE FIRST ACT at Mr. and Mrs. Telfer's Lodgings in No. 2 Brydon
Crescent, Clerkenwell. May
THE SECOND ACT at Sir William Gower's, in Cavendish Square. June.
THE THIRD ACT again in Brydon Crescent. December.
THE FOURTH ACT on the stage of the Pantheon Theatre. A few days later.
PERIOD somewhere in the early Sixties. (1860s)
NOTE:--Bagnlgge (locally pronounced Bagnidge) Wells, formerly a popular
mineral spring in Islington, London, situated not far from the better
remembered Sadler's-Wells. The gardens of Bagnlgge-Wells were at one
time much resorted to; but, as a matter of fact, Bagnigge-Wells, unlike
Sadler's-Wells, has never possessed a playhouse. Sadler's-Wells Theatre,
however, always familiarly known as the "Wells," still exists. It was
rebuilt in 1876-77.
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Proofreading Team.
PUNCH,
OR THE LONDON CHARIVARI.
VOL. 100.
June 6, 1891.
VOCES POPULI.
BRICKS WITHOUT STRAW.
SCENE--_A Village School-room. A Juvenile Treat is in
progress, and a Magic Lantern, hired for the occasion, "with
set of slides complete--to last one hour" is about to be
exhibited._
[Illustration]
_The Vicar's Daughter_ (_suddenly recognising the New Curate, who is
blinking unsuspectingly in the lantern rays_). Oh, Mr. TOOTLER, you've
just come in time to help us! The man with the lantern says he only
manages the slides, and can't do the talking part. And I've asked
lots of people, and no one will volunteer. _Would_ you mind just
explaining the pictures to the children? It's only a little Nursery
tale--_Valentine and Orson_--I chose that, because it's less
hackneyed, and has such an excellent _moral_, you know. I'm sure
you'll do it so _beautifully_!
_Mr. Tootler_ (_a shy man_). I--I'd do it with pleasure, I'm
sure--only I really don't know anything about _Valentine and Orson_!
_The V's D._ Oh, what _does_ that matter? I can tell you the outline
in two minutes. (_She tells him._) But it's got to last an hour, so
you must spin it out as much as ever you can.
[Illustration: The Young Heckler.]
_Mr. Tootler_ (_to himself_). Ought I to neglect such a golden
opportunity of winning these young hearts? No. (_Aloud._) I
will--er--do my best, and perhaps I had better begin at once, as
they seem to be getting--er--rather unruly at the further end of the
room. (_He clears his throat._) Children, you must be very quiet and
attentive, and then we shall be able, as we purpose this evening, to
show you some scenes illustrative of the--er--beautiful old story
of _Valentine and Orson_, which I doubt not is familiar to you all.
(_Rustic applause, conveyed by stamping and shrill cheers, after
which a picture is thrown on the screen representing a Village
Festival._) Here, children, we have a view of--er--(_with sudden
inspiration_)--Valentine's Native Village. It is--er--his birthday,
and Valentine, being a young man who is universally beloved on account
of his amiability and good conduct--(_To the Vicar's D._ "Is that
correct?" _The V.'s D._ "Quite, _quite_ correct!")--good conduct,
the villagers are celebrating the--er--auspicious event by general
rejoicings. How true it is that if we are only _good_, we may, young
as we are, count upon gaining the affection and esteem of all around
us! (_A Youthful Rustic, with a tendency to heckle._ "Ef 'ee plaze,
Zur, which on 'em be Valentoine?") Valentine, we may be very sure,
would not be absent on such an occasion, although, owing to the
crowd, we cannot distinguish him. But, wherever he is, however he
may be occupied, he little thinks that, before long, he will have
to encounter the terrible Orson, the Wild Man of the Woods! Ah,
dear children, we all have our Wild Man of the Woods to fight. With
_some_ of us it is--(_He improves the occasion._) Our next picture
represents--(_To Assistant._) Sure this comes next? Oh, they're all
numbered, are they? Very well--represents a forest--er--the home of
Orson. If we were permitted to peep behind one of those trunks, we
should doubtless see Orson himself, crouching in readiness to spring
upon the unsuspecting Valentine. So, often when we--&c., &c. The next
scene we shall show you represents the--er--burning of Valentine's
ship. Valentine has gone on a voyage, with the object of--er--finding
Orson. If the boat in the picture was only larger, we could no doubt
identify Valentine, sitting there undismayed, calmly confident that,
notwithstanding this--er--unfortunate interruption, he will be guided,
sooner or later, to his--er--goal. Yes, dear children, if we only have
patience, if we only have faith, &c., &c. Here we see--(_an enormous
Bison is suddenly depicted on the screen_) eh? oh, yes--here we have a
specimen of--er--Orson's _pursuits_. He chases the bison. Some of you
may not know what a bison is. It is a kind of hairy cow, and--(_He
describes the habits of these creatures as fully as he is able._ _The
Youthful Rustic_. "Theer baint nawone a-erntin' of 'un, Zur.") What?
Oh, but there _is_. Orson is pursuing him, only--er--the bison, being
a very fleet animal, has outrun his pursuer for the moment. Sometimes
we flatter ourselves that we have outrun _our_ pursuer--but,
depend upon it, &c., &c. But now let us see what Valentine is
about--(_Discovering, not without surprise, that the next picture is
a Scene in the Arctic Regions._) Well, you see, he has succeeded in
reaching the coast, and here he is--in a sledge drawn by a reindeer,
with nothing to guide him but the Aurora Borealis, hastening towards
the spot where he has | 428.412054 |
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BROMIDE PRINTING AND ENLARGING
A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO THE MAKING OF BROMIDE PRINTS BY CONTACT AND BROMIDE
ENLARGING BY DAYLIGHT AND ARTIFICIAL LIGHT, WITH THE TONING OF BROMIDE
PRINTS AND ENLARGEMENTS
TENNANT AND WARD
NEW YORK
Copyright 1912 by
TENNANT AND WARD, NEW YORK
CONTENTS
Chapter I
VARIETIES OF BROMIDE PAPERS AND HOW TO CHOOSE AMONG THEM
Chapter II
THE QUESTION OF LIGHT AND ILLUMINATION
Chapter III
MAKING CONTACT PRINTS ON BROMIDE PAPER; PAPER NEGATIVES
Chapter IV
ENLARGING BY DAYLIGHT METHODS
Chapter V
ENLARGING BY ARTIFICIAL LIGHT
Chapter VI
DODGING, VIGNETTING, COMPOSITE PRINTING AND THE USE OF BOLTING SILK
Chapter VII
THE REDUCTION AND TONING OF BROMIDE PRINTS AND ENLARGEMENTS
CHAPTER I
VARIETIES OF BROMIDE PAPERS AND HOW TO CHOOSE AMONG THEM
What is bromide paper? It is simply paper coated with gelatino-bromide of
silver emulsion, similar to that which, when coated on glass or other
transparent support, forms the familiar dry-plate or film used in
negative-making. The emulsion used in making bromide paper, however, is
less rapid (less sensitive) than that used in the manufacture of plates or
films of ordinary rapidity; hence bromide paper may be manipulated with
more abundant light than would be safe with plates. It is used for making
prints by contact with a negative in the ordinary printing frame, and as
the simplest means for obtaining enlarged prints from small negatives.
Sometimes bromide paper is spoken of as a development paper, because the
picture-image does not print out during exposure, but requires to be
developed, as in negative-making. The preparation of the paper is beyond
the skill and equipment of the average photographer, but it may be readily
obtained from dealers in photographic supplies.
What are the practical advantages of bromide paper? In the first place, it
renders the photographer independent of daylight and weather as far as
making prints is concerned. It has excellent "keeping" qualities, _i.e._,
it does not spoil or deteriorate as readily as other printing papers, even
when stored without special care or precaution. Its manipulation is
extremely simple, and closely resembles the development of a negative. It
does not require a special sort of negative, but is adapted to give good
prints from negatives widely different in quality. It is obtainable in any
desired size, and with a great variety of surfaces, from extreme gloss to
that of rough drawing paper. It offers great latitude in exposure and
development, and yields, even in the hands of the novice, a greater
percentage of good prints than any other printing paper in the market. It
offers a range of tone from deepest black to the most delicate of
platinotype grays, which may be modified to give a fair variety of color
effects where this is desirable. It affords a simple means of making
enlargements without the necessity of an enlarged negative. It gives us a
ready means of producing many prints in a very short time, or, if desired,
we may make a proof or enlargement from the negative fresh from the
washing tray. And, finally, if we do our work faithfully and well, it will
give us permanent prints.
The bromide papers available in this country at present are confined to
those of the Eastman Kodak Company, the Defender Photo Supply Company and
J. L. Lewis, the last handling English papers only. Better papers could
not be desired. Broadly speaking, all bromide papers are made in a few
well-defined varieties; in considering the manipulation of the papers made
by a single firm, therefore, we practically cover all the papers in the
market. As a matter of convenience, then, we will glance over the
different varieties of bromide paper available, as represented by the
Eastman papers, with the understanding that what is said of any one
variety is generally applicable to papers of the same sort put out by
other manufacturers.
First we have the _Standard_ or ordinary bromide paper made for general
use. This comes in five different weights: _A_, a thin paper with smooth
surface, useful where detail is desirable; _B_, a heavier paper with
smooth surface, for large prints or for illustration purposes; and _C_, a
still heavier paper with a rough surface for broad effects and prints of
large size. _BB_, heavy smooth double weight; _CC_, heavy, rough, double
weight. Each of these varieties may be had in two grades, according to the
negative in hand or the effect desired in the print, viz.: _hard_, for use
with soft negatives where we desire to get vigor or contrast in the print,
and _soft_, for use with hard negatives where softness of effect is
desired in the print. For general use the _soft_ grade is preferable,
although it is advisable to have a supply of the _hard_ paper at hand as
useful in certain classes of work. The tones obtainable on the _Standard_
paper range to pure black, and are acceptable for ordinary purposes. For
pictorial work or special effects other papers are preferable.
_Platino-Bromide_ paper gives delicate platinotype tones, and where
negative, paper and manipulation are in harmony, the prints obtained on
this paper will be indistinguishable from good platinotypes in quality and
attractiveness. This paper comes in two weights, _Platino A_, a thin paper
suitable for small prints, and having a smooth surface useful for
detail-giving; and _Platino B_, a heavy paper with rough surface,
peculiarly suited for large contact prints or enlargements. Both varieties
are obtainable in _hard_ or _soft_ grades, characterized as above. _Matte
Enamel_, medium weight; _Enameled_, medium weight; _Velvet_, medium
weight.
_Royal Bromide_ is a capital paper in its proper place, _i.e._, for prints
not smaller than 8 x 10 inches, and then only when breadth of effect is
desired in the picture. It is a very heavy cream-colored paper, rough in
texture, and giving black tones by development, but designed to give sepia
or brown tones on a tinted ground by subsequent toning with a bath of hypo
and alum. This paper, also, may be had in two grades for _hard_ or _soft_
effects; it is further adapted for being printed on through silk or
bolting cloth, this modification adding to the effect of breadth
ordinarily given by the paper itself. I have seen prints on this paper
which were altogether pleasing, but subject and negative should be
carefully considered in its use. Rough Buff papers are very similar in
character. _Monox_ Bromide, made by the Defender Photo Supply Company, is
obtainable in six surfaces; No. 3, _Monox Rough_; No. 4, _Monox Gloss_;
No. 5, _Monox Matte_; No. 6, _Monox Lustre_; No. 7, _Monox Buff_, heavy
rough.
The | 428.456716 |
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LAYS AND LEGENDS
OF THE
ENGLISH LAKE COUNTRY.
LAYS AND LEGENDS
OF THE
ENGLISH LAKE COUNTRY.
_WITH COPIOUS NOTES._
BY
JOHN PAGEN WHITE, F.R.C.S.
"In early date,
When I was beardless, young, and blate,
E'en then a wish, I mind its power,
A wish that to my latest hour
Shall strongly heave my breast;
That I for poor auld _Cumbria's_ sake,
Some usefu' plan or beuk could make,
Or sing a sang at least."
LONDON: JOHN RUSSELL SMITH.
CARLISLE: G. & T. COWARD.
MDCCCLXXIII.
INTRODUCTION.
In submitting this Book to the Public, I have thought it best to
give it precisely as it was left in manuscript by my late Brother.
His sudden death in 1868 prevented the final revision which he still
contemplated.
The Notes may by some be thought unnecessarily long, and in many
instances they undoubtedly are very discursive. Much labour, however,
was expended in their composition, in the hope, not merely of giving
a new interest to localities and incidents already familiar to the
resident, but also of affording the numerous visitors to the charming
region which forms the theme of the Volume, an amount of information
supplementary to the mere outline which, only, it is the province of a
Guide Book, however excellent, to supply.
The Work occupied for years the leisure hours of a busy professional
life; and the feelings with which the Author entered upon and continued
it, are best expressed in those lines of Burns chosen by himself for
the motto.
B. J.
_July 1st, 1873._
PREFACE.
The English Lake District may be said, in general terms, to extend from
Cross-Fell and the Solway Firth, on the east and north, to the waters
of Morecambe and the Irish Sea; or, more accurately, to be comprised
within an irregular circle, varying from forty to fifty miles in
diameter, of which the centre is the mountain Helvellyn, and within
which are included a great portion of Cumberland and Westmorland and
the northern extremity of Lancashire.
After the conquest of England by the Normans, the counties of
Cumberland and Westmorland, the ancient inheritance of the Scottish
Kings, as well as the county of Northumberland, were placed by William
under the English crown. But the regions thus alienated were not
allowed to remain in the undisturbed possession of the strangers. For
a long period they were disquieted by the attempts which from time to
time were made by successive kings of Scotland to re-establish their
supremacy over them. Supporting their pretensions by force of arms,
they carried war into the disputed territory, and conducted it with a
rancour and cruelty which spared neither age or sex. The two nations
maintained their cause, just or unjust, with unfaltering resolution;
or if they seemed to hesitate for a moment, and a period of settlement
to be at hand, their frequent compromises only ended in a renewal of
their differences. Thus these northern counties continued to pass
alternately under the rule of both the contending nations, until the
Scottish dominion over them was finally terminated by agreement in the
year 1237; Alexander of Scotland accepting in lieu lands of a certain
yearly value, to be holden of the King of England by the annual render
of a falcon to the Constable of the Castle of Carlisle, on the Festival
of the Assumption.
The resumption, at no distant period, of the manors which had been
granted to Alexander, renewed in all their strength the feelings of
animosity with which the Scots had been accustomed to regard their
southern neighbours, and the feuds between the two kingdoms continued
with unabated violence for more than three centuries longer. The
dwellers in the unsettled districts lying along the English and
Scottish borders, being originally derived from the same Celtic stock,
had been gradually and progressively influenced as a race by the
admixture of Saxon and Danish blood into the population; and although
much of the Celtic character was thereby lost, they seem to have
retained in their mountains and forests much of the spirit, and many
of the laws and manners, of the ancient Britons. They continued to
form themselves into various septs, or clans, according to the Celtic
custom; sometimes banded together for the attainment of a common
end; and as often at feud, one clan with another, when some act of
personal wrong had to be revenged upon a neighbouring community. Thus
a state of continual restlessness, springing out of mutual hatred and
jealousies, existed among the borderers of either nation. The same
feelings of enmity were fostered, and the same system of petty warfare
was carried on, between the borderers of the two kingdoms. Cumberland
and Westmorland, from their position, were subject to the frequent
inroads of the Scots; by whom great outrages were committed upon the
inhabitants. They drove their cattle, burned their dwellings, plundered
their monasteries, and even destroyed whole towns and villages. A
barbarous system of vengeance and retaliation ensued. Every act of
violence and bloodshed was perpetrated; whilst the most nefarious
practices of free-booting became the common occupation of the marauding
clans; and a _raid_ into a neighbouring district had for them the
same sort of charm and excitement which their descendants find in a
modern fox chase. Even after the union of the two kingdoms under one
sovereign, when the term "Borders" had been changed to "Middle Shires,"
as being more suitable to a locality which was now nearly in the
centre of his dominions, the long cherished distinctions and prejudices
of the inhabitants were maintained in all their vigour; and it required
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AVICENA’S OFFERING
_to the_
PRINCE
«E l’anima umana la qual è colla nobiltà della
potenzia ultima, cioè ragione, participa della
divina natura a guisa di sempiterna Intelligenza;
perocchè l’anima è tanto in quella sovrana potenzia
nobilitata, e dinudata da materia, che la divina
luce, come in Angiolo, raggia in quella; e però è
l’uomo divino animale da’ Filosofi chiamato.»[1]
(=Dante=, _Convito_, III, 2.)
STAMPERIA DI NICOLA PADERNO
_S. Salvatore Corte Regia, 10_
VERONA, ITALIA
A
COMPENDIUM
ON THE
SOUL,
BY
_Abû-'Aly al-Husayn Ibn 'Abdallah Ibn Sînâ:_
TRANSLATED, FROM THE ARABIC ORIGINAL,
BY
EDWARD ABBOTT van DYCK,
WITH
Grateful Acknowledgement of the Substantial Help
OBTAINED
From Dr. S. Landauer’s Concise German Translation,
AND FROM
James Middleton
MacDonald’s Literal English Translation;
AND
PRINTED
AT
_VERONA, ITALY, in THE YEAR 1906_,
For the Use of Pupils and Students of Government Schools
IN
_Cairo, Egypt_.
PREFACE
Several sources out of which to draw information and seek guidance as
to Ibn Sînâ’s biography and writings, and his systems of medicine and
philosophy, are nowadays easily accessible to nearly every one. Among
such sources the following are the best for Egyptian students:
1. Ibn Abi Uçaybi´ah’s “Tabaqât-ul-Atib-ba,” and Wuestenfeld’s
“Arabische Aertzte.”
2. Ibn Khallikân’s “Wafâyât-ul-A´ayân.”
3. Brockelmann’s “Arabische Literatur.”
4. F. Mehren’s Series of Essays on Ibn Sînâ in the Periodical “Muséon”
from the year 1882 and on.
5. Clément Huart’s Arabic Literature, either in the French Original or
in the English Translation.
6. Carra de Vaux’s “Les Grands Philosophes: Avicenna,” Paris, Felix
Alcan, 1900, pp. vii et 302.
7. T. de Boer’s “History of Philosophy in Islâm,” both in Dutch and in
the English translation.
The “Offering to the Prince in the Form of a Compendium on the Soul,”
of which the present Pamphlet is my attempt at an English Translation,
is the least known throughout Egypt and Syria of all Ibn Sînâ’s
many and able literary works: indeed I have failed, after repeated
and prolonged enquiry, to come across so much as one, among my many
Egyptian acquaintances, that had even heard of it.
Doctor Samuel Landauer of the University of Strassburg published
both the Arabic text, and his own concise German translation, of
this Research into the Faculties of the Soul, in volume 29 for the
year 1875 of the Z.d.D.M.G., together with his critical notes
and exhaustively erudite confrontations of the original Arabic with
many Greek passages from Plato, Aristotle, Alexander Aphrodisias, and
others, that Ibn Sînâ had access to, it would appear, second hand,
i.e. through translations. Doctor Landauer made use also of a very rare
Latin translation by Andreas Alpagus, printed at Venice in 1546; and
of the Cassel second edition of Jehuda Hallévy’s religious Dialogue
entitled Khusari, which is in rabbinical Hebrew, and on pages 385 to
400 of which the views of “philosophers” on the Soul are set forth,
Doctor Landauer having discovered to his agreeable surprise that those
15 pages are simply a word for word excerpt from this Research by Ibn
Sînâ. For the Arabic text itself, he had at his command only two
manuscript copies, the one, preserved in the Library at Leyden, being
very faulty; and the other, in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana at Milan,
being far more accurate and correct.
This text was reprinted talis qualis, but with omission of every kind
of note, in 1884 at Beirût, Syria, by Khalîl Sarkîs: this reprint is
very hard to find.
James Middleton MacDonald, M.A., made a studiedly literal English
translation or rather a construe of it in 1884, of which he got a small
number printed in pamphlet form at Beirût, and by Khalîl Sarkîs also:
this English Version too is very rare, and almost unknown.
* * * * *
My present English rendering of this Essay by Avicena on the Powers of
the Soul has been made directly and finally from the Arabic Original as
given in the Landauer Text, with constant consultation however of both
the Landauer German translation and the MacDonald English construe: it
has been made not for European scholars and Arabists but solely for
pupil students in Egypt, which circumstance called in a great measure
for the use of two or more nearly synonymous words where the Arabic
original often has but one only. Indeed I am not ashamed to say further
that in some places I have failed to follow the drift and understand
the purport of Ibn Sînâ’s argument; so that in such passages I am
only too conscious of how far my rendering may perhaps have wandered
from the right and true sense. But the author himself declares that
psychology is one of the deepest and darkest of studies; and he relates
of himself in his autobiography that he had read one of Aristotle’s
writings forty times over, until he had got it by heart, and yet had
failed to see the point. And he goes on to tell of how it was that
he one day stumbled across and then read over al-Fârâbî’s “Maqâçid
Aristotle,” whereupon mental light dawned upon him as to the purport of
that writing.
Those for whom I have made it now know why this my English version is
often timid and wavering, nay sometimes even wordy and hazy.
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[Illustration: SLEDDING UP THE CHILKAT VALLEY]
GOLD-SEEKING
ON THE DALTON TRAIL
_BEING THE ADVENTURES OF TWO
NEW ENGLAND BOYS IN ALASKA
AND THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY_
BY
ARTHUR R. THOMPSON
Illustrated
BOSTON LITTLE, BROWN, AND COMPANY 1900
_Copyright, 1900_,
BY LITTLE, BROWN, AND COMPANY
_All rights reserved_
UNIVERSITY PRESS. JOHN WILSON AND SON. CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A.
TO
My Comrade of Many Camp-Fires
DEXTER WADLEIGH LEWIS
PREFACE
Among my first passions was that for exploration. The Unknown--that
region of mysteries lying upon the outskirts of commonplace
environment--drew me with a mighty attraction. My earliest
recollections are of wanderings into the domains of the neighbors, and
of excursions--not infrequently in direct contravention to parental
warnings--over fences, stone-walls, and roofs, and into cobwebbed
attics, fragrant hay-lofts, and swaying tree-tops. Of my favorite tree,
a sugar maple, I remember that, so thoroughly did I come to know every
one of its branches, I could climb up or down unhesitatingly with eyes
shut. At that advanced stage of acquaintance, however, it followed
naturally that the mysteriousness, and hence the subtle attractiveness,
of my friend the maple was considerably lessened.
By degrees the boundary line of the unknown was pushed back into
surrounding fields. Wonderful caves were hollowed in sandy banks.
Small pools, to the imaginative eyes of the six-year-old, became
lakes abounding with delightful adventures. The wintry alternations
of freezing and thawing were processes to be observed with closest
attention and never-failing interest. Nature displayed some new charm
with every mood.
There came a day when I looked beyond the fields, when even the river,
sluggish and muddy in summer, a broad, clear torrent in spring, was
known from end to end. Then it was that the range of low mountains--to
me sublime in loftiness--at the western horizon held my fascinated
gaze. To journey thither on foot became ambition's end and aim. This
feat, at first regarded as undoubtedly beyond the powers of man unaided
by horse and carry-all (the thing had once been done in that manner on
the occasion of a picnic), was at length proved possible.
What next? Like Alexander, I sought new worlds. Nothing less than real
camping out could satisfy that hitherto unappeasable longing. This
dream was realized in due season among the mountains of New Hampshire;
but the craving, far from losing its keenness, was whetted. Of late it
has been fed, but never satiated, by wider rovings on land and sea.
Perhaps it is in the blood and can never be eliminated.
Believing that this restlessness, accompanied by the love of
adventure and out-of-door life, is natural to every boy, I have
had in mind particularly in the writing of this narrative those
thousands of boys in our cities who are bound within a restricted,
and it may be unromantic, sphere of activity. To them I have wished
to give a glimpse of trail life, not with a view to increasing their
restlessness,--for I have not veiled discomforts and discouragements in
relating enjoyments,--but to enlarge their horizon,--to give them, in
imagination at least, mountain air and appetites, journeys by lake and
river, and an acquaintance with men and conditions as they now exist
in the great Northwest.
The Dalton trail, last year but little known, may soon become a much
travelled highway. With a United States garrison at Pyramid, and the
village of Klukwan a bone of contention between the governments of this
country and Canada, the region which it traverses is coming more and
more into notice. I would only add that natural features, scenery, and
people, have been described faithfully, however inadequately, and the
story throughout is based upon real happenings. Should any of my young
readers pass over the trail to-day in the footsteps of David and Roly,
they would find, save for possible vandalism of Indians or whites, the
cabins on the North Alsek and in the Kah Sha gorge just as they are
pictured, and they could be sure of a welcome from Lucky, Long Peter,
and Coffee Jack.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I. A LETTER FROM ALASKA 1
II. BUYING AN OUTFIT 7
III. FROM SEATTLE TO PYRAMID HARBOR 18
IV. THE FIRST CAMP 28
V. THE GREAT NUGGET, AND HOW UNCLE WILL HEARD OF IT 38
VI. ROLY IS HURT 47
VII. CAMP AT THE CAVE 54
VIII. SLEDDING 60
IX. KLUKWAN AND THE FORDS 69
X. A PORCUPINE-HUNT AT PLEASANT CAMP 77
XI. THE MYSTERIOUS THIRTY-SIX 88
XII. THE SUMMIT OF CHILKAT PASS 101
XIII. DALTON'S POST 112
XIV. FROM THE STIK VILLAGE TO LAKE DASAR-DEE-ASH 120
XV. STAKING CLAIMS 127
XVI. A CONFLAGRATION 135
XVII. THROUGH THE ICE 142
XVIII. BUILDING THE CABIN 149
XIX. THE FIRST PROSPECT-HOLE 157
XX. ROLY GOES DUCK-HUNTING 166
XXI. LAST DAYS AT PENNOCK'S POST 175
XXII. A HARD JOURNEY 182
XXIII. THE LAKE AFFORDS TWO MEALS AND A PERILOUS CROSSING 192
XXIV. DAVID GETS HIS BEAR-SKIN 201
XXV. MORAN'S CAMP 210
XXVI. HOW THE GREAT NUGGET NEARLY COST THE BRADFORDS DEAR 216
XXVII. AN INDIAN CREMATION 223
XXVIII. THE PLAGUE OF MOSQUITOES 231
XXIX. LOST IN THE MOUNTAINS 238
XXX. WASHING OUT THE GOLD 248
XXXI. DAVID MAKES A BOAT-JOURNEY 256
XXXII. CHAMPLAIN'S LANDING 264
XXXIII. ALONE IN THE WILDERNESS 272
XXXIV. RAIDED BY A WOLF 279
XXXV. A LONG MARCH, WITH A SURPRISE AT THE END OF IT 289
XXXVI. HOW DAVID MET THE OFFENDER AND WAS PREVENTED FROM
SPEAKING HIS MIND 297
XXXVII. HOMEWARD BOUND 306
XXXVIII. A CARIBOU, AND HOW IT WAS KILLED 314
XXXIX. DANGERS OF THE SUMMER FORDS 321
XL. SUNDAY IN KLUKWAN 331
XLI. THE ROBBERS AT LAST 339
XLII. PYRAMID, SKAGWAY, AND DYEA.--CONCLUSION 348
ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
SLEDDING UP THE CHILKAT VALLEY _Frontispiece_
PYRAMID HARBOR, PYRAMID MOUNTAIN IN THE DISTANCE 26
MAP OF THE DALTON TRAIL 28
A CURIOUS PHENOMENON BESIDE THE TRAIL 89
THE CAMP OF THE MYSTERIOUS THIRTY-SIX 93
"PRESENTLY SOME LITTLE YELLOW SPECKS WERE UNCOVERED" 131
CHILDREN OF THE WILDERNESS 192
RAFTING DOWN THE NORTH ALSEK 265
A HERD OF CATTLE.--YUKON DIVIDE IN THE DISTANCE 267
FORDING THE KLAHEENA 325
"SALMON BY THE THOUSAND" 349
GOLD-SEEKING
ON
THE DALTON TRAIL
CHAPTER I
A LETTER FROM ALASKA
In a large, old-fashioned dwelling which overlooked from its hillside
perch a beautiful city of Connecticut, the Bradford family was
assembled for the evening meal. It was early in February, and the wind,
which now and then whirled the snowflakes against the window-panes,
made the pretty dining-room seem doubly cozy. But Mrs. Bradford
shivered as she poured the tea.
"Just think of poor Will," she said, "away off in that frozen
wilderness! Oh, if we could only know that he is safe and well!" and
the gentle lady's brown eyes sought her husband's face as if for
reassurance.
Mr. Bradford was a tall, strongly built man of forty-five, with
light-brown hair and mustache, and features that betrayed much care
and responsibility. Upon him as treasurer had fallen a great share
of the burden of bringing a large manufacturing establishment through
two years of financial depression, and his admirable constitution had
weakened under the strain. But now a twinkle came into his gray eyes as
he said, "My dear, I hardly think Will is suffering. At least he wasn't
a month ago."
"Why, how do you know?" asked Mrs. Bradford. "Has he written at last?"
For answer Mr. Bradford drew from the depths of an inside pocket a
number of letters, from which he selected one whose envelope was torn
and travel-stained. It bore a Canadian and an American postage stamp,
as if the sender had been uncertain in which country it would be
mailed, and wished to prepare it against either contingency.
At sight of the foreign stamp Ralph,--or "Roly," as he had been known
ever since a certain playmate had called him "Roly-poly" because of his
plumpness,--aged fifteen, was awake in an instant. Up to that moment
his energies had been entirely absorbed in the laudable business of
dulling a very keen appetite, but it quickly became evident that his
instincts as a stamp collector were even keener. He had paused in the
act of raising a bit of bread to his mouth, and made such a comical
figure with his lips expectantly wide apart that his younger sister
Helen, a little maid of nine, was betrayed into a sudden and violent
fit of laughter, in which, in spite of the superior dignity of eighteen
years, their brother David was compelled to join.
"Yes," said Mr. Bradford, "I received a letter from Will this
afternoon. Suppose I read it aloud." Absolute quiet being magically
restored, he proceeded as follows:--
RAINY HOLLOW, CHILKAT PASS, Jan. 9, 1898.
DEAR BROTHER CHARLES,--I am storm-bound at this place, and waiting for
an opportunity to cross the summit, so what better can I do than write
the letter so long deferred?
I have been as far west as the Cook Inlet region, and have acquired
some good coal properties. While there I heard from excellent
authorities that rich gold placers have been discovered on the Dalton
trail, which leads from Pyramid Harbor to Dawson City, at a point about
two hundred miles inland. I thought it best to investigate the truth of
this rumor, and am now on the way to the designated locality, with an
Indian guide and dog-team.
Now, as you know, I was able to take claims for you as well as for
myself in the Cook Inlet country, by the powers of attorney which you
sent me, but in the Canadian territory to which I am going the law does
not allow this, and you can only secure a claim by purchase, or by
being here in person to take it up.
I don't suppose you are in a position to buy claims; but it struck
me, Charles, that it would be a grand good thing if you could leave
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EARLY AMERICAN POETRY
1610-1820
A LIST OF WORKS IN
THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY
_COMPILED BY_
JOHN C. FRANK
NEW YORK
1917
_NOTE_
_This list includes titles of works in The New York Public Library on
August 1, 1917. They are in the Reference Department of the Library,
in the Central Building at Fifth Avenue and Forty-second Street._
REPRINTED OCTOBER 1917
FROM THE
BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY
OF AUGUST 1917
form p-100 [x-10-17 3c]
EARLY AMERICAN POETRY, 1610-1820
A LIST OF WORKS IN THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY
* * * * *
COMPILED BY JOHN C. FRANK
* * * * *
=Adams=, John, 1704-40. Poems on several occasions, original and
translated. By the late reverend and learned John Adams, M.A. Boston:
Printed for D. Goodkin, in Marlborough-Street, over against the Old
South Meeting House. 1745. 4 p.l., 176 p. 16vo.
=Reserve=
=Adams=, John Quincy, 1767-1848. On the discoveries of Captain Lewis.
(In: The Monthly anthology and Boston review. Boston, 1807. 8vo. v. 4,
p. 143-144.)
=* DA=
Also printed in E. A. and G. L. Duyckinck's _Cyclopaedia
of American literature_, New York, 1866, v. 1, p. 395, _NBB._
=Agricola=, pseud. _See_ The =Squabble=; a pastoral eclogue.
=Albany= Register. The humble address of the Carriers of the Albany
Register, to their generous customers, greeting them with a Happy New
Year. [Albany, N. Y.: Jan. 1, 1796.] Broadside.
=Reserve=
=All= the world's a stage. A poem, in three parts. The stranger.
Newburyport: Printed by William Barrett. 1796. 15 [really 14] p. 8vo.
=Reserve=
The name "I. Storey" is written on the title in a
contemporary hand, in the place where the author's name is
usually printed; the reference being undoubtedly to Isaac
Story, who was born at Marblehead in 1774, and published his
first poem, _An Epistle from Yarico to Inkle_, in 1792.
=Allen=, Benjamin, 1789-1829. Miscellaneous poems, on moral and
religious subjects: By Osander [pseud. of Benjamin Allen]. Hudson:
Printed by Wm. E. Norman No. 2, Warren Street. 1811. 2 p.l., 7(1) p.,
2 l., 11-180 p. 16vo.
=NBHD=
---- ---- New-York: Printed by J. Seymour, Sold by Griffin and Rudd,
agents for the publisher; 189, Greenwich-St. 1812. 4 p.l., 5-180
p. 24vo.
=NBHD=
Published to aid the author to study for the ministry.
---- Urania, or The true use of poesy; a poem. By B. Allen, Jun.
New-York: Published by A. H. Inskeep, and Bradford & Inskeep.
Philadelphia. 1814. 3 p.l., (1)8-192 p. 24vo.
=NBHD=
Page 8 is wrongly numbered p. 5.
=Allen=, Mrs. Brasseya, 1760 or 1762-18--? Pastorals, elegies, odes,
epistles, and other poems. By Mrs. Allen. (Copy right secured.)
Abingdon, (Md.): Printed by Daniel P. Ruff. 1806. 5 p.l., (1)10-163 p.
16vo.
=NBHD=
Dedicated to Thomas Jefferson.
=Allen=, James, 1739-1808. An intended inscription written for the
monument on Beacon-Hill in Boston, and addressed to the passenger.
(In: American poems, selected and original. Litchfield, 1793. 12vo.
p. 199-201.)
=Reserve= and =NBH=
Also printed in _The Columbian muse_, New York, 1794,
p. 146-147, _NBH_, and in Samuel Kettell, _Specimens of
American poetry_, Boston, 1829, v. 1, p. 170-171, _NBH_.
---- Lines on the [Boston] massacre. (In: Samuel Kettell, Specimens of
American poetry. Boston, 1829. 12vo. v. 1, p. 162-165.)
=NBH=
Written in 1772 but not published till 1782.
---- [Poem] On Washington's visit to Boston, 1789. (In: Samuel
Kettell, Specimens of American poetry. Boston, 1829. 12vo. p. 171-173.)
=NBH=
---- Poem, written in Boston, at the commencement of the late
Revolution. (In: American poems, selected and original. Litchfield,
1793. 12vo. p. 193-199.)
=Reserve= and =NBH=
---- The retrospect. (In: Samuel Kettell, Specimens of American
poetry. Boston, 1829. 12vo. v. 1, p. 165-170.)
=NBH=
=Allen=, Paul, 1775-1826. Original poems, serious and entertaining. By
Paul Allen, A.M. Published according to act of Congress. Printed by
Joshua Cushing, Salem, 1801. 2 p.l., (i)vi-xi, 141 p. 16vo.
=Reserve= and =NBHD=
---- A poem, delivered in the Baptist Meeting House in Providence,
September 4th A. D. 1793, being the anniversary commencement of Rhode
Island College. By Paul Allen. (In: Massachusetts magazine. Boston,
1793. 8vo. October, 1793, p. 594-599.)
=Reserve=
=Allston=, Washington, 1779-1843. The sylphs of the seasons, with
other poems. By W. Allston. First American from the London edition.
Boston: Published by Cummings and Hilliard, No. 1, Cornhill.
Cambridge.... Hilliard & Metcalf. 1813. 2 p.l., (i)vi-vii p., 1 l.,
(1)12-168 p. 12vo.
=NBHD=
The first edition was published in London, 1813.
_Contents_: The sylphs of the seasons, a poet's
dream, p. 11-43.--The two painters, a tale,
p. 45-86.--Eccentricity, p. 87-113.--The paint-king,
p. 115-129.--Myrtilla, p. 131-141.--To a lady, who
spoke slightingly of poets, p. 143-147.--Sonnets,
p. 149-154.--The mad lover at the grave of his mistress,
155-158.--First love, a ballad, p. 159-161.--The complaint,
p. p. 162-164.--Will, the maniac, a ballad, p. 165-168.
---- Lectures on art, and poems, by Washington Allston. Edited by
Richard Henry Dana, Jr. New York: Baker and Scribner, 1850. xi,
380 p. 8vo.
=NBI=
In addition to the poems mentioned in the previous
entry, includes _America to Great Britain_. This poem,
written in 1810, was inserted by Coleridge in the first
edition of his _Sibylline leaves_, London, 1817, p. 276-278,
with the following note: "This poem, written by an American
gentleman, a valued and dear friend, I communicate to the
reader for its moral, no less than its poetic spirit."
=Alsop=, George, b. 1638. A character of the province of Maryland,
wherein is described in four distinct parts, (viz.) I. The situation,
and plenty of the province. II. The laws, customs, and natural
demeanor of the inhabitant. III. The worst and best usage of a
Maryland servant, opened in view. IV. The traffique, and vendable
commodities of the countrey. Also a small treatise on the wild and
naked Indians (or Susquehanokes) of Mary-Land, their customs, manners,
absurdities, & religion. Together with a collection of historical
letters. By George Alsop. London, Printed by T. J. for Peter Dring,
at the sign of the Sun in the Poultrey: 1666. 10 p.l., 118 p., 2 l.,
1 port. (8vo.)
=Reserve=
1 facsimile portrait inserted.
Poems on the following pages: p.l. 6-7; p. 26, 44-45,
55, 75-80, 82-83, 103-104, 108-111.
---- ---- A new edition with an introduction and copious historical
notes. By John Gilmary Shea.... New York: William Gowans, 1869.
125 p., 1 map, 1 port. 8vo. (Gowans' Bibliotheca Americana, no. 5.)
=ISG= and =IAG=
Includes a type-facsimile title-page.
Reissued as _Fund publication_, no. 15, of the Mary-land
Historical Society, _IAA_.
---- ---- Reprinted from the original edition of 1666. With
introduction and notes by Newton D. Mereness.... Cleveland: The
Burrows Brothers Company, 1902. 113 p., 1 map, 1 pl., 1 port. 8vo.
=ISG=
Includes a reduced photo-facsimile of original
title-page.
No. 145 of 250 copies printed.
=Alsop=, Richard, 1761-1815. The charms of fancy: a poem in four
cantos, with notes. By Richard Alsop. Edited from the original
manuscripts, with a biographical sketch of the author, by Theodore
Dwight. New York: D. Appleton and Company, M.DCCC.LVI. xii p., 1 l.,
(1)14-214 p. 8vo.
=NBHD=
This poem was mostly written before 1788.
---- Elegy. (In: E. A. and G. L. Duyckinck, Cyclopaedia of American
literature. New York, 1866. 8vo. v. 1, p. 497.)
=NBB=
---- An elegy written in February 1791. (In: American poems, selected
and original. Litchfield, 1793. 12vo. p. 251-255.)
=Reserve= and =NBH=
Also printed in _The Columbian muse_, New York, 1794,
p. 190-194, _NBH_.
---- Extract from the Conquest of Scandinavia; being the introduction
to the fourth book. (In: American poems, selected and original.
Litchfield, 1793. 12vo. p. 272-284.)
=Reserve= and =NBH=
---- Habakkuk, chap. III. (In: American poems, selected and original.
Litchfield, 1793. 12vo. p. 263-264.)
=Reserve= and =NBH=
---- The incantation of Ulfo. From the Conquest of Scandinavia. (In:
Samuel Kettell, Specimens of American poetry. Boston, 1829. 12vo. v. 2,
p. 61-67.)
=NBH=
---- A poem; sacred to the memory of George Washington, late president
of the United States, and commander in chief of the armies of the
United States. Adapted to the 22d of Feb. 1800. By Richard Alsop.
Hartford: Printed by Hudson and Goodwin. 1800. 23 p. 8vo.
=Reserve=
This poem was delivered by Richard Alsop before the
citizens of Middletown, Conn., at the memorial service of
February 22, 1800.
---- Twilight of the Gods; or Destruction of the world, from the Edda,
a system of ancient Scandinavian mythology. (In: American poems,
selected and original. Litchfield, 1793. 12vo. p. 265-272.)
=Reserve= and =NBH=
---- Verses to the shearwater--on the morning after the storm at sea.
(In: Samuel Kettell, Specimens of American poetry. Boston, 1829. 12vo.
v. 2, p. 60-61.)
=NBH=
---- Versification of a passage from the fifth book of Ossian's
Temora. (In: American poems, selected and original. Litchfield, 1793.
12vo. p. 255-262.)
=Reserve= and =NBH=
---- _See also_ The =Echo=; The =Political= greenhouse for the year
1798.
An =American=, pseud. Crystalina; a fairy tale. _See_ Harney, John
Milton.
An =American=, pseud. _See_ =Oppression=, a poem.
An =American=, pseud. _See_ =Prime=, Benjamin Young.
=American= poems, selected and original. Vol. 1. Litchfield: Printed
by Collier and Buel. [1793.] (The copy right secured as the Act
directs.) viii, 304 p., 4 l. 12vo.
=Reserve= and =NBH=
No more published.
"The first general collection of poetry ever attempted
in this country."--C. W. Everest, _Poets of Connecticut_,
Hartford, 1843, p. 103.
The editorship is attributed by Everest to Dr. Elihu
Hubbard Smith, but the postscript to the preface of the work
p. [vi] refers to "the ill health of one of the editors."
The Reserve copy contains the autographs of Daniel
Crocker, Samuel Austin, and Samuel G. Drake.
_Contents_: Elegy on the times; Elegy on the death of
Mr. Buckingham St. John; Ambition; Prophecy of Balaam;
Downfall of Babylon; Speech of Proteus to Aristaeus; by John
Trumbull.--Trial of faith; Address to genius of Columbia;
Columbia; The seasons moralized; A hymn; A song; The
critics; Epistle to Col. Humphreys; by Timothy Dwight.--The
prospect of peace; A poem spoken at commencement at Yale
College; Elegy on Titus Hosmer; by Joel Barlow.--Elegy
on burning of Fairfield, Connecticut; Elegy on Lieut. De
Hart; Mount Vernon; An ode addressed to Laura; Genius of
America; Epistle to Dr. Dwight; A song translated from the
French; by David Humphreys.--Epitaph on a patient killed by
cancer quack; Hypocrite's hope; On general Ethan Allen; by
Lemuel Hopkins.--An oration which might have been delivered
to students in anatomy on the late rupture between two
schools in Philadelphia, by Francis Hopkinson.--Philosophic
solitude, by William Livingston.--Descriptive lines upon
prospect from Beacon-Hill in Boston; Ode to the President
on his visiting the Northern states; Invocation to Hope;
Prayer to Patience; Lines addressed to Della Crusca; by
Philenia, a lady of Boston.--Alfred to Philenia.--Philenia
to Alfred.--Poem written in Boston at the commencement of
the Revolution; An intended inscription for monument on
Beacon-Hill in Boston; by James Allen.--Elegiac ode to
General Greene, by George Richards. Country school.--Speech
of Hesper.--[Poem on the distress of inhabitants of
Guinea.]--New Year's wish; From a Gentleman to a lady who
had presented him with a cake heart; by Dr....--Utrum
horum mavis elige.--Ella, a Norwegian tale, by William
Dunlap.--Eulogium on rum, by J. Smith.--Country meeting,
by T. C. James.--Written at sea in a heavy gale, by Philip
Freneau.--To Ella, from Bertha.--An elegy written in
February 1791; Versification of passage from fifth book of
Ossian's Temora; Habakkuk, chap. III; Twilight of the Gods;
Extract from Conquest of Scandinavia; by Richard Alsop.--Ode
to conscience, by Theodore Dwight.--Collolloo, an Indian
tale, by William Dunlap.--An ode to Miss ****, by Joseph
Howe.--Message from Mordecai to Esther, by Timothy Dwight.
The =American= poetical miscellany. Original and selected.
Philadelphia: Published by Robert Johnson, C. & A. Conrad & Co.
and Mathew Carey, booksellers and stationers. 1809. 1 p.l.,
(1)4-304 p. 16vo.
=NBH=
John Binns, printer.
Includes the following poems by American authors:
The burning of Fairfield, by D. Humphreys.--Mercy, by
Salleck Osborn.--Eulogium on rum, by Joseph Smith.--The
country meeting, by T. C. James.--The house of sloth, by
Timothy Dwight.--Extract from a dramatic manuscript, by
Salleck Osborn.
=American= taxation [a poem], 1765. (In: E. A. and G. L. Duyckinck,
Cyclopaedia of American literature. New York, 1866. 8vo. v. 1,
p. 461-463.)
=NBB=
Attributed to Samuel St. John of New Canaan,
Connecticut, and to Peter St. John of Norwalk, Connecticut.
Also printed in Frank Moore, _Songs and ballads of the
American Revolution_, New York, 1856, p. 1-17, _NBH_.
The =American= times, a satire, in three parts. _See_ =Odell=,
Jonathan.
An =American= youth, pseud. _See_ The =Spunkiad=: or Heroism improved.
=Ames=, Nathaniel, 1708-1764. An essay upon the microscope. (In his:
An astronomical diary, or An almanac for the year of our Lord Christ,
1741. Boston, 1741. 12vo.)
=Reserve=
Reprinted in Stedman and Hutchinson, _A library of
American literature_, New York, 1889, v. 2, p. 425-427,
_NBB_.
Additional poems without titles will be found in his
_An | 428.794024 |
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E-text prepared by Turgut Dincer, sp1nd, and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made
available by Internet Archive (https://archive.org)
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MIND AND BODY
Or
Mental States and Physical Conditions
by
WILLIAM WALKER ATKINSON
L. N. Fowler & Company
7, Imperial Arcade, Ludgate Circus
London, E. C., England
1910
The Progress Company
Chicago, Ill.
Copyright, 1910
By
The Progress Company
P. F. Pettibone & Co.
Printers and Bindors
Chicago
CONTENTS
Foreword 9
I. The Subconscious Mind 15
II. The Sympathetic System 29
III. The Cell-Minds 39
IV. The Mental Basis of Cure 58
V. The History of <DW43>-Therapy 84
VI. Faith Cures 115
VII. The Power of the Imagination 135
VIII. Belief and Suggestion 155
IX. <DW43>-Therapeutic Methods 173
X. The Reaction of the Physical 196
FOREWORD
Mind and Body--Mental States and Physical Conditions! To the mind
of those who have contented themselves with merely the superficial
aspects of things, these two things--mind and body; and mental states
and physical conditions--seem to be as far apart as the two poles; seem
to be opposites and contradictories impossible of reconciliation.
But to those who have penetrated beneath the surface of things,
these two apparent opposites are seen to be so closely related and
inter-related--so blended and mingled together in manifestation--that it
is practically impossible to scientifically determine where the one
leaves off and the other begins. And so constant and close is their
mutual action and reaction, that it often becomes impossible to state
positively _which_ is the cause and which the effect.
In the first place, Science now informs us that in all living
substance, from cell to mammoth, there is and must be Mind. There
can be no Life without Mind. Mind, indeed, is held to be the very
"livingness" of Life--the greater the degree of manifestation of Mind,
the higher the degree of Life. Moreover, the New Psychology informs
us that upon the activities of the Subconscious Mind depend all the
processes of physical life--that the Subconscious Mind is the essence
of what was formerly called the Vital Force--and is embodied in every
cell, cell-group or organ of the body. And, that this Subconscious Mind
is amenable to suggestion, good and evil, from the conscious mind of
its owner, as well as from outside. When the subject of the influence
of Mental States upon Physical Conditions is studied, one sees that
the Physical Condition is merely the reflection of the Mental State,
and the problem seems to be solved, the mystery of Health and Disease
solved. But in this, as in everything else, there is seen to be an
opposing phase--the other side of the shield. Let us look at the other
side of the question:
Just as we find that wherever there is living substance there is Mind,
so do we find that we are unable to intelligently consider Mind unless
as _embodied_ in living substance. The idea of Mind, independent of
its substantial embodiment, becomes a mere abstraction impossible
of mental imaging--something like color independent of the
substance, or light without the illuminated substance. And just as we
find that Mental States influence Physical Conditions, so do we find
that Physical Conditions influence Mental States. And, so the problem
of Life, Health and Disease once more loses its simplicity, and the
mystery again deepens. The deeper we dig into the subject, the more do
we become impressed with the idea of the universal principle of Action
and Reaction so apparent in all phenomena. The Mind acts upon the Body;
the Body reacts upon the Mind; cause and effect become confused; the
reasoning becomes circular--like a ring it has no beginning, no end; its
beginning may be any place we may prefer, its ending likewise.
The only reconciliation is to be found in the fundamental working
hypothesis which holds that both Mind and Body--both Mental States and
Physical Conditions--are _the two aspects of something greater than
either--the opposing poles of the same Reality_. The radical Materialist
asserts that the Body is the only reality, and that Mind is merely
its "by-product." The Mentalist asserts that the Mind is the only
reality, and that the Body is merely its grosser form of manifestation.
The unprejudiced philosopher is apt to stand aside and say: "You are
both right, yet both wrong--each is stating the truth, but only the
half-truth." With the working hypothesis that Mind and Body are but
varying aspects of the Truth--that Mind is the inner essence of the
Body, and Body the outward manifestation of the Mind--we find ourselves
on safe ground.
We mention this fundamental principle here, for in the body of this
book we shall not invade the province of metaphysics or philosophy,
but shall hold ourselves firmly to our own field, that of psychology.
Of course, the very nature of the subject renders it necessary that
we consider the influence of psychology upon physiology, but we have
remembered that this book belongs to the general subject of the New
Psychology, and we have accordingly emphasized the psychological side
of the subject. But the same material could have been used by a writer
upon physiology, by changing the emphasis from the psychological phase
to the physiological.
We have written this book to reach not only those who refuse to
see the wonderful influence of the Mental States over the Physical
Conditions, but also for our "metaphysical" friends who have become
| 516.088515 |
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THE STORY OF RED FEATHER
A Tale of the American Frontier
by
EDWARD S. ELLIS
Illustrated
[Illustration]
McLoughlin Brothers, Inc.
Made in U. S. A.
McLoughlin Bros. Inc.
Springfield Mass.
Publishers
1828
[Illustration: "To-wika talked soothingly to him."--Page 118]
CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
Brother and Sister--The Signal 3
CHAPTER TWO
An Important Letter--Shut in 14
CHAPTER THREE
Caught Fast--A Friend in Need 25
CHAPTER FOUR
The Consultation--On the Roof 36
CHAPTER FIVE
A Strange Visit--Ominous Signs 47
CHAPTER SIX
The Muddy Creek Band--The Torch 58
CHAPTER SEVEN
"A Little Child Shall Lead Them"--Surrounded by Peril 69
CHAPTER EIGHT
Tall Bear and his Warriors--A Surprising Discovery 80
CHAPTER NINE
Nat Trumbull and his Men--Out in the Night 91
CHAPTER TEN
An Old Friend--Separated 102
CHAPTER ELEVEN
At the Lower Crossing--Tall Bear's Last Failure 114
CHAPTER TWELVE
Conclusion 127
THE STORY OF RED FEATHER
CHAPTER ONE
BROTHER AND SISTER--THE SIGNAL
It is within my memory that Melville Clarendon, a lad of sixteen years,
was riding through Southern Minnesota, in company with his sister
Dorothy, a sweet little miss not quite half his own age.
They were mounted on Saladin, a high-spirited, fleet, and good-tempered
pony of coal-black color. Melville, who claimed the steed as his own
special property, had given him his Arabian name because he fancied
there were many points of resemblance between him and the winged
coursers of the East, made famous as long ago as the time of the
Crusades.
The lad sat his horse like a skilled equestrian, and indeed it would be
hard to find his superior in that respect throughout that broad stretch
of sparsely settled country. Those who live on the American frontier are
trained from their earliest youth in the management of quadrupeds, and
often display a proficiency that cannot fail to excite admiration.
Melville's fine breech-loading rifle was slung over his shoulder, and
held in place by a strap that passed in front. It could be quickly drawn
from its position whenever needed. It was not of the repeating pattern,
but the youth was so handy with the weapon that he could put the
cartridges in place, aim, and fire not only with great accuracy, but
with marked rapidity.
In addition, he carried a good revolver, though he did not expect to use
either weapon on the short journey he was making. He followed, however,
the law of the border, which teaches the pioneer never to venture beyond
sight of his home unprepared for every emergency that is likely to
arise.
It was quite early in the forenoon, Melville having made an early start
from the border-town of Barwell, and he was well on his way to his home,
which lay ten miles to the south. "Dot," as his little sister was called
by her friends, had been on a week's visit to her uncle's at the
settlement, the agreement all round being that she should stay there for
a fortnight at least; but her parents and her big brother rebelled at
the end of the week. They missed the prattle and sunshine which only Dot
could bring into their home, and Melville's heart was delighted when his
father told him to mount Saladin and bring her home.
And when, on the seventh day of her visit, Dot found her handsome
brother had come after her, and was to take her home the following
morning, she leaped into his arms with a cry of happiness; for though
her | 516.183212 |
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Sentence Numbers, shown thus (1), have been added by volunteer.
A Theologico-Political Treatise
Part III - Chapters XI to XV
by Baruch Spinoza
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
CHAPTER XI - An Inquiry whether the Apostles wrote their
Epistles as Apostles and Prophets, or merely as Teachers,
and an Explanation of what is meant by Apostle.
The epistles not in the prophetic style.
The Apostles not commanded to write or preach in particular places.
Different methods of teaching adopted by the Apostles.
CHAPTER XII - Of the true Original of the Divine Law,
and wherefore Scripture is called Sacred, and the Word of God.
How that, in so far as it contains the Word of God,
it has come down to us uncorrupted.
CHAPTER XIII - It is shown, that Scripture teaches only very Simple Doctrines,
such as suffice for right conduct.
Error in speculative doctrine not impious - nor knowledge pious.
Piety consists in obedience.
CHAPTER XIV - Definitions of Faith, the True Faith, and the Foundations
of Faith, which is once for all separated from Philosophy.
Danger resulting from the vulgar idea of faith.
The only test of faith obedience and good works.
As different men are disposed to obedience by different opinions,
universal faith can contain only the simplest doctrines.
Fundamental distinction between faith and philosophy -
the key-stone of the present treatise.
CHAPTER XV - Theology is shown not to be subservient to
Reason, nor Reason to Theology: a Definition of the reason
which enables us to accept the Authority of the Bible.
Theory that Scripture must be accommodated to Reason -
maintained by Maimonides - already refuted in Chapter vii.
Theory that Reason must be accommodated to Scripture -
maintained by Alpakhar - examined.
And refuted.
Scripture and Reason independent of one another.
Certainty, of fundamental faith not mathematical but moral.
Great utility of Revelation.
Author's Endnotes to the Treatise.
CHAPTER XI - AN INQUIRY WHETHER THE APOSTLES WROTE THEIR
EPISTLES AS APOSTLES AND PROPHETS, OR MERELY AS TEACHERS;
AND AN EXPLANATION OF WHAT IS MEANT BY AN APOSTLE.
(1) No reader of the New Testament can doubt that the Apostles were
prophets; but as a | 516.378906 |
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[Illustration: LIKE LIGHTNING THE HUGE BOOM SWUNG AROUND, AND THE
AVALANCHE OF MUD DESCENDED AT THE PONY'S FEET. _Page 128._
_The Boy Chums in the Florida Jungle._]
The Boy Chums In The Florida Jungle
OR
Charlie West and Walter Hazard With the Seminole Indians
By WILMER M. ELY
AUTHOR OF
"The Boy Chums Cruising In Florida Waters"
"The Boy Chums In The Gulf Of Mexico"
"The Boy Chums On Haunted Island"
"The Boy Chums On Indian River"
"The Boy Chums' Perilous Cruise"
"The Boy Chums In The Forest"
[Illustration]
A. L. BURT COMPANY
NEW YORK
Copyright, 1915
BY A. L. BURT COMPANY
THE BOY CHUMS IN THE FLORIDA JUNGLE
Contents
CHAPTER PAGE
I. THE BOY CHUMS 3
II. THE NEW VENTURE 11
III. INVESTIGATING 20
IV. BUNCOED 28
V. THE STRIKE 37
VI. LOYALTY 45
VII. CHARLEY HAS A NARROW ESCAPE 53
VIII. WALTER TAKES HIS FIRST LESSON IN RUNNING AN ENGINE 61
IX. BOB IS SENT HOME 69
X. WALTER AND THE ENGINEER GO A-HUNTING 76
XI. THE CONVICTS' CAMP 83
XII. CHARLEY GETS A NEW CREW 91
XIII. LOOKING AHEAD 98
XIV. SCOUTING 105
XV. THE FIRST BLOW 112
XVI. FIGHTING THE FIRE 120
XVII. THE CONVICTS 128
XVIII. THE MEDICINE MAN 136
XIX. THE OLD FORT 144
XX. THE HIDDEN VOICE 152
XXI. CHARLEY GETS A TELEGRAM 160
XXII. MOVING THE CAMP 168
XXIII. EXCITING EVENTS 176
XXIV. A CLEW 184
XXV. SICKNESS IN THE CAMP 192
XXVI. A MIDNIGHT RAID 200
XXVII. BURNING OUT THE JUNGLE 208
XXVIII. SHOOTING TO KILL 216
XXIX. THE SEMINOLE LAD 224
XXX. VISITORS 232
XXXI. MR. JONES BUYS THE OUTFIT 240
XXXII. THE MYSTERY SOLVED 248
THE BOY CHUMS IN THE FLORIDA JUNGLE
CHAPTER I.
THE BOY CHUMS.
"GOLLY! I'm getting powerful tired ob dis. Fish what just clusterers
'round youah bait an' won't bite at hit noways is jest trifling and
noaccount. I reckon dey's too ornery an' too finiky anyway to be fit to
eat. Well, here goes again, though hit ain't no use. I'se dun spit on
mah bait fifty times, an' rubbed hit twice with my rabbit's foot, but
hit doan' do a bit of good. Dey jes' look at hit an' grin like white
folks at a <DW65>'s wedding." The little ebony <DW64> who had spoken let
drop his daintily baited hook into the water again with a gesture of
disgust.
"Let me have a look at them, Chris," said another voice, and a white
face joined the black, as the two peered over the edge of the bridge
down into the crystal-clear depths of the water below.
The white boy straightened up after a brief glance into the azure
waters. He was tall and sturdily built, with lines of self-reliance
and determination upon his youthful face. His mouth widened into a grin
of amusement, as he watched the little <DW64> peering anxiously down at
the circle of black-circle-eyed fish that crowded eagerly but warily
around the baited hook.
"You're fooling away your time, Chris," said the white lad. "Look
here." He chopped up a few pieces of bait and flung them over beside
the other's line. As they slowly sank there was turmoil and confusion
amongst the finny observers below. With swirl and splash they darted up
and seized upon the tiny fragments.
Chris wound up his line with a snort of disgust. "Dey are conjured,
clean conjured," he declared; "going clean out ob their way to get bait
when dar was plenty right afore 'em. Them's sure some fool fishes,
Massa Charles."
"You're wrong," said the other boy lightly. "They are mangrove
snappers, the foxiest fish that swims. Some one of them got hurt on a
hook some time, and his misfortune has become history among the tribe.
I guess that's what makes the black circles around their eyes. They
just keep worrying so about getting hold of another tempting morsel
with a hook attached that they don't eat half enough, and are fast
worrying themselves into nervous prostration."
The little <DW64> snorted, and continued to wind up his line, while his
white companion paused to gaze with appreciation at the beautiful scene
spread out to his view. At the shore end of the high railroad bridge
upon which they stood was Jupiter, a tiny nest of white houses, almost
lost among the glossy green palms and vivid blazing tropical flowers.
Below them flowed the blue waters of the Laxahatchu River. To the west,
the river broke into a dozen parts, each flowing swiftly between as
many shoals and islands, and finally losing itself in the distance.
To the east, it joined the sea, scarce a mile distant, the breakers
meeting the river's waters in a tumbling mass of foam. A little below
the bridge, on the opposite side of the river from Jupiter, three
government buildings rose up from a high bluff--a wireless station,
a weather bureau office, and a towering lighthouse, built long, long
before the civil war. Beyond these, down close to the inlet, the lad's
eyes focused upon a long point, jutting out into the river, upon which
stood two small tents. From the inlet a rowboat, with two occupants,
was approaching the point with the long easy strokes characteristic of
experienced boatmen.
The lad turned to his black companion. "Come on, let's go back to camp,
Chris," he said. "The Captain and Walter are nearly there now."
"Better look to youah line. De slack's running out like mad, Massa
Charles," chided the little darkey. "Golly! I don't know what you
white chillens would do widout dis <DW65>. 'Pears like you white
chillens can't even fish widout Chris along to tell you-alls when you
got a bite."
But Charley had already sprung for the coiled-up line, which was
whizzing out at a rapid rate. Taking a turn around a post, he
endeavored to stop the hook's victim in its mad career, but, as the
long, heavy line tauted like a bar of iron, he realized that he stood a
chance of losing both line and fish, and he paid out the balance of the
line very slowly. It was not until the very end of the line was reached
that the fish suddenly changed its tactics and, turning short, rushed
for the bridge.
Charley yanked in the slack line swiftly and called to Chris to come
to his assistance. Near the bridge the fish turned again and sped for
the far-off inlet, both boys clinging to the line in a vain attempt to
check the outward rush.
"Golly!" panted Chris, as the line dragged slowly and burningly through
his grip. "Hit's lucky we ain't got this line tied to no post. Dat fish
would sure pull de whole bridge ober."
"Rats!" laughed Charley, as he grabbed out his pocket handkerchief and
hastily wrapped it around one hand to protect it from the burning line,
"isn't the bridge bearing the whole strain as long as we are standing
on it?"
"Course it ain't," maintained the little <DW64> pantingly, "ain't my
back beginning to ache, an' my arms get lame, an' mah hands burn like
fire? Golly! You white chillens sho' don't use no logic or reason.
Maybe you ain't holdin' back hard enough to feel hit, but I'se sho'
getting de strain, not dis pesky ole bridge."
"Well, you will not have to bear it much longer," Charley grinned.
"Don't you notice that the strain is getting weaker all the time?
He's a monster, but he's evidently swallowed the hook clean down, and
that's why he is giving up so fast. We'll have the best of him in a few
minutes."
The lad's prophecy proved true, for, long before the end of the line
was reached, the fish began circling in ever-narrowing circles until,
at last, the two boys were able to tow it up slowly to the shore.
"Golly!" exclaimed Chris, as the fish's huge bulk came into view.
"Dat's de biggest an' ugliest fish I ever catched. What is hit, anyway?"
Charley glanced down at the short, thick, black body and the huge,
gasping, red mouth. "It's a Jew fish," he announced. "I guess it weighs
about 800 pounds, but that's not so very much, when you consider that
they sometimes grow to weigh over 1,800. Unlike most big fish, however,
they are very good eating. Wind up the fish line, and then cut out some
good big steaks. They will make dandy fish balls and chowder. While
you're doing that, I'll run up to the village and tell everyone to
come down and help themselves, then I'll bring the launch around from
the dock and pick you up."
Soon after his departure the villagers began to arrive in twos and
threes, but not before Chris had cut out several fine steaks from
the huge fish. By the time he wound up his line, washed the steaks
carefully and strung them upon a piece of cocoanut fiber, Charley hove
in sight in a little motor boat. He ran up as close as he dared to the
shore and stopped his engine. "Hurry up and climb aboard," he called,
"we want to get back to camp before dark."
Chris waded out, treading gingerly with bare feet over the oyster
shells that strewed the bottom.
"Hurry up," laughed Charley, "your feet are too tough to be hurt by
oyster shells."
The little darkey | 516.479263 |
2023-11-16 18:25:40.4633950 | 5,035 | 14 |
Produced by Chris Curnow and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive)
Transcriber's Note: Minor typographical errors have been corrected
without note. Irregularities and inconsistencies in the text have been
retained as printed.
Words printed in italics are noted with underscores: _italics_.
The cover of this ebook was created by the transcriber and is hereby
placed in the public domain.
TOBACCO AND ALCOHOL
_I. IT DOES PAY TO SMOKE._
_II. THE COMING MAN WILL DRINK WINE._
BY
JOHN FISKE, M.A., LL.B.
--"_Quaeres a me lector amabilis quod plerique sciscitantur laudemne an
vero damnem tabaci usum? Respondeo tabacum optimum esse. Tu mi lector
tabaco utere non abutere._"--MAGNENUS Exercitationes de Tabaco,
_Ticino_, 1658.
NEW YORK:
LEYPOLDT & HOLT.
1869.
ENTERED ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS, IN THE YEAR 1868, BY
LEYPOLDT & HOLT,
IN THE CLERK'S OFFICE OF THE DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN
DISTRICT OF NEW YORK.
Stereotyped by LITTLE, RENNIE & CO.,
430 Broome St., New York.
PREFACE.
Five weeks ago to-day the idea of writing an essay upon the
physiological effects of Tobacco and Alcohol had never occurred to us.
Nevertheless, the study of physiology and pathology--especially as
relating to the action of narcotic-stimulants upon nutrition--has for
several years afforded us, from time to time, agreeable recreation.
And being called upon, in the discharge of a regularly-recurring duty,
to review Mr. Parton's book entitled "Smoking and Drinking," it seemed
worth while, in justice to the subject, to go on writing,--until the
present volume was the result.
This essay is therefore to be regarded as a review article, rewritten
and separately published. It is nothing more, as regards either the
time and thought directly bestowed upon it, or the completeness with
which it treats the subject. Bearing this in mind, the reader will
understand the somewhat fantastic sub-titles of the book, and the
presence of a number of citations and comments which would ordinarily
be neither essential nor desirable in a serious discussion. Had we
been writing a systematic treatise, with the object of stating
exhaustively our theory of the action of Tobacco and Alcohol, we
should have found it needful to be far more abstruse and technical;
and we should certainly have had no occasion whatever to mention Mr.
Parton's name. As it is, the ideal requirements of a complete
statement have been subordinated--though by no means sacrificed--to
the obvious desideratum of making a summary at once generally
intelligible and briefly conclusive.
The materials used especially in the preparation of this volume were
the following:
Anstie: Stimulants and Narcotics. Philadelphia, 1865.
Lallemand, Duroy, et Perrin: Du Role de l'Alcool et des Anesthesiques.
Paris, 1860.
Baudot: De la Destruction de l'Alcool dans l'Organisme. Union
Medicale, Nov. et Dec., 1863.
Bouchardat et Sandras: De la Digestion des Boissons Alcooliques.
Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 1847, tom. XXI.
Duchek: Ueber das Verhalten des Alkohols im thierischen Organismus.
Vierteljahrschrift fuer die praktische Heilkunde. Prague, 1833.
Von Bibra: Die Narkotischen Genussmittel und der Mensch. Nuernberg,
1855.
And the works of Taylor, Orfila, Christison, and Pereira, on Materia
Medica and Poisons; of Flint, Dalton, Dunglison, Draper, Carpenter,
Liebig, Lehmann, and Moleschott, on general Physiology; several of the
special works on Tobacco mentioned in the Appendix; and the current
medical journals.
OXFORD STREET, CAMBRIDGE, _November 23, 1868_.
TOBACCO AND ALCOHOL
I.
IT DOES PAY TO SMOKE.
Mr. James Parton having abandoned the habit of smoking, has lately
entered upon the task of persuading the rest of mankind to abandon
it also.[1] His "victory over himself"--to use the favourite
expression--would be incomplete unless followed up by a victory over
others; and he therefore desists for a season from his congenial
labours in panegyrizing Aaron Burr, B. +F. Butler, and other popular
heroes, in order that he may briefly descant upon the evil characters
of tobacco and its kindred stimulants. Some of the sophisms and
exaggerations which he has brought into play while doing so, invite
attention before we attempt what he did not attempt at all--to state
squarely and honestly the latest conclusions of science on the
subject.
[1] Smoking and Drinking. By James Parton. Boston, Ticknor &
Fields, 1868. 12mo, pp. 151.
According to Mr. Parton, tobacco is responsible for nearly all the
ills which in modern times have afflicted humanity. As will be seen,
he makes no half-way work of the matter. He must have the whole loaf,
or he will not touch a crumb. He scorns all carefully-limited,
compromising, philosophical statements of the case. Whatever the
verdict of science may turn out to be, he _knows_ that no good ever
did come, ever does come, or ever will come, from the use of tobacco.
All bad things which tobacco can do, as well as all bad things which
it cannot do--all probable, possible, improbable, impossible,
inconceivable, and nonsensical evil results--are by Mr. Parton
indiscriminately lumped together and laid at its door. It is simply a
diabolical poison which, since he has happily eschewed the use of it,
had better be at once extirpated from the face of the earth. Of all
this, Mr. Parton is so very sure that he evidently thinks any
reasoning on the subject quite superfluous and out of place.
The paucity of his arguments is, however, compensated by the multitude
and hardihood of his assertions. A sailor, he says, should not smoke;
for "why should he go round this beautiful world drugged?" Note the
_petitio principii_ in the use of the word "drugged." That the smoker
is, in the bad sense of the word, drugging himself, is the very point
to be determined; but Mr. Parton feels so sure that he substitutes
a sly question-begging participle for a conscientious course of
investigation. With nine readers out of ten this takes just as well;
and then it is so much easier and safer, you know. Neither should
soldiers smoke, for the glare of their pipes may enable some hostile
picket to take deadly aim at them. Moreover, a "forward car," in which
a crowd of smoking veterans are returning from the seat of war, is a
disgusting place. And "that two and two make four is not a truth more
unquestionably certain than that smoking does diminish a soldier's
power of endurance, and does make him more susceptible to imaginary
dangers." (p. 17.) This statement, by the way, is an excellent
specimen of Mr. Parton's favourite style of assertion. He does not
say that his private opinion on this complex question in nervous
physiology is well supported by observation, experiment and deduction.
He does not say that there is at least a preponderance of evidence in
its favour. He does not call it as probable as any opinion on such an
intricate matter can ever be. But he says "it is as unquestionably
certain as that two and two make four." Nothing less will satisfy him.
Let it no longer be said that, in the difficult science of physiology,
absolute certainty is not attainable!
Then again, the soldier should not smoke, because he ought always to
be in training; and no Harvard oarsman needs to be told "that smoking
reduces the tone of the system and diminishes all the forces of the
body--he _knows_ it." The profound physiological knowledge of the
average Harvard under-graduate it would perhaps seem ungracious to
question; but upon this point, be it said with due reverence, doctors
disagree. We have known athletes who told a different story. Waiving
argument for the present, however, we go on presenting Mr. Parton's
"certainties." One of these is that every man should be kept all his
life in what prizefighters call "condition," which term Mr. Parton
supposes to mean "the natural state of the body, uncontaminated by
poison, and unimpaired by indolence or excess." Awhile ago we had
"drugs," now we have "poison," but not a syllable of argument to show
that either term is properly applicable to tobacco. But Mr. Parton's
romantic idea of the state of the body which accompanies training is
one which is likely to amuse, if it does not edify, the physiologist.
So far from "condition" being the "natural (i.e. healthy) state of the
body," it is an extremely unnatural state. It is a condition which
generally exhausts a man by the time he is thirty-five years old,
rendering him what prizefighters call "stale." It is not "natural," or
normal, for the powers either of the muscular or of the nervous system
to be kept constantly at the maximum. What our minds and bodies need
is intermittent, rhythmical activity. "In books and work and healthful
play," not "in work and work and work alway," should our earlier and
later years be passed; and a man who is always training for a boatrace
is no more likely to hold out in the plenitude of his powers than a
man who is always studying sixteen hours a day. The only reason why
our boys at Yale and Harvard are sometimes permanently benefited by
their extravagant athleticism is that they usually leave off before it
is too late, and begin to live more normally. For the blood to be
continually determined toward the muscles, and for the stomach to be
continually digesting none but concentrated food, is a state of things
by no means favourable to a normal rate and distribution of nutritive
action; and it is upon this normal rate and distribution of nutrition
that life, health and strength depend. It is as assisting this process
that we shall presently show the temperate use of tobacco to be
beneficial. Mr. Parton's idea well illustrates the spirit of that
species of "radical" philosophy which holds its own opinions as
absolutely and universally, not as relatively and partially, true;
which, consequently, is incapable of seeing that one man's meat may be
another man's poison, and which is unable to steer safely by Scylla
without turning the helm so far as to pitch head foremost into
Charybdis. Mr. Parton sees that athletic exercise is healthful, and he
jumps at once to the conclusion that every man should always and in
all circumstances keep himself in training. Such was not the theory of
the ancient Athenians: [Greek: medhen agan] was their principle of
life,--the principle by virtue of which they made themselves competent
to instruct mankind.
Having thus said his say about muscular men, Mr. Parton goes on to
declare that smoking is a barbarism. "There is something in the
practice that allies a man with barbarians, and constantly tends to
make him think and talk like a barbarian." We suppose Mr. Parton must
_know_ this; for he does not attempt to prove it, unless indeed he
considers a rather stupid anecdote to be proof. He tells us how he
listened for an hour or so to half a dozen Yale students in one of the
public rooms of a New-Haven hotel, talking with a stable-keeper about
boat-racing. They swore horribly; and of course Mr. Parton believes
that if they had not been smokers they would neither have used profane
language nor have condescended to talk with stable-keepers. _Sancta
simplicitas!_
"We must admit, too, I think, that smoking dulls a man's sense of the
rights of others. Horace Greeley is accustomed to sum up his opinions
upon this branch of the subject by saying: 'When a man begins to
smoke, he immediately becomes a hog.'" Our keen enjoyment of Mr.
Greeley's lightness of touch and refined delicacy of expression should
not be allowed to blind us to the possible incompleteness of his
generalization. What! Milton a hog? Locke, Addison, Scott, Thackeray,
Robert Hall, Christopher North--hogs?
And then smoking is an expensive habit. If a man smoke ten cigars
daily, at twenty cents each, his smoking will cost him from seven to
eight hundred dollars a year. This dark view of the case needs to be
enlivened by a little contrast. "While at Cambridge the other day,
looking about among the ancient barracks in which the students live, I
had the curiosity to ask concerning the salaries of the professors in
Harvard College." Probably he inquired of a _Goody_, or of one of the
_Pocos_ who are to be found earning bread by the sweat of their brows
in the neighbourhood of these venerable shanties, for it seems they
told him that the professors were paid fifteen or eighteen hundred
dollars a year. Had he taken the trouble to step into the steward's
office, he might have learned that they are paid three thousand
dollars a year. Such is the truly artistic way in which Mr. Parton
makes contrasts--$1500 _per annum_ for a professor, $800 for cigars!
Therefore, it does not pay to smoke.
Smoking, moreover, makes men slaves. The Turks and Persians are great
smokers, and they live under a despotic form of government. Q.E.D. The
extreme liberality of Oriental institutions _before_ the introduction
of tobacco Mr. Parton probably thinks so well known as not to require
mention. But still worse, the Turks and Persians are great despisers
of women; and this is evidently because they smoke. For woman and
tobacco are natural enemies. The most perfect of men, the
"highly-groomed" Goethe--as Mr. Parton elegantly calls him--loved
women and hated tobacco. This aspect of the question is really a
serious one. Tobacco, says our reformer, is woman's rival,--and her
successful rival; therefore she hates it. For as Mr. Parton, with
profound insight into the mysteries of the feminine character, gravely
observes, "women do not disapprove their rivals; they hate them." This
"ridiculous brown leaf," then, is not only in general the cause of all
evil, but in particular it is the foe of woman. "It takes off the edge
of virility"!![2] It makes us regard woman from the Black Crook point
of view. If it had not been for tobacco, that wretched phantasmagoria
would not have had a run of a dozen nights. "Science" justifies this
conjecture, and even if it did not, Mr. Parton intimates that he
should make it. Doubtless!
[2] When we first read this remark, we took it for a mere
burst of impassioned rhetoric; but on second thoughts, it
appears to have a meaning. Another knight-errant in
physiology charges tobacco with producing "giddiness,
sickness, vomiting, vitiated taste of the mouth, loose
bowels, diseased liver, congestion of the brain, apoplexy,
palsy, mania, loss of memory, amaurosis, deafness,
nervousness, _emasculation_, and cowardice." Lizars, _On
Tobacco_, p. 29. A goodly array of bugbears, quite aptly
illustrating the remark of one of our medical professors,
that hygienic reformers, in the length of their lists of
imaginary diseases, are excelled only by the itinerant
charlatans who vend panaceas. There is, however, no
scientific foundation for the statement that tobacco "takes
off the edge of virility." The reader who is interested in
this question may consult Orfila, _Toxicologie_, tom. II. p.
527; _Annales d'Hygiene_, tom. XXXVIII.; and a Memoir by
Laycock in the _London Medical Gazette_, 1846, tom. III.
One bit of Mr. Parton's philosophy still calls for brief comment. He
wishes to speak of the general tendency of the poor man's pipe; and he
means to say "that it tends to make him satisfied with a lot which it
is his chief and immediate duty to alleviate,--he ought to hate and
loathe his tenement-house home." A fine specimen of the dyspeptic
philosophy of radicalism! Despise all you have got, because you cannot
have something better. We believe it is sometimes described as the
philosophy of progress. There can of course be no doubt that Mr.
Parton's hod-carrier will work all the better next day, if he only
spends the night in fretting and getting peevish over his
"tenement-house home."
Such then, in sum and substance, is our reformer's indictment against
tobacco. It lowers the tone of our systems, and it makes us contented;
it wastes money, it allies us with barbarians, and it transforms
us--_mira quadam metamorphosi_--into swine. Goethe, therefore, did not
smoke, the Coming Man will not smoke, and General Grant, with tardy
repentance, "has reduced his daily allowance of cigars." And as for
Mr. Buckle, the author of an able book which Mr. Parton rather too
enthusiastically calls "the most valuable work of this century,"--if
Mr. Buckle had but lived, he would doubtless have inserted a chapter
in his "History," in which tobacco would have been ranked with
theology, as one of the obstacles to civilization.
Throughout Mr. Parton's rhapsody, the main question, the question
chiefly interesting to every one who smokes or wishes to smoke, is
uniformly slurred over. Upon the question whether it is unhealthy to
smoke, the Encyclopaedias which Mr. Parton has consulted do not appear
to have helped him to an answer. Yet this is a point which, in making
up our minds about the profitableness of smoking, must not be taken
for granted, but scientifically tested.
What, then, does physiology say about this notion--rather widespread
in countries over which Puritanism has passed--that the use of tobacco
is necessarily or usually injurious to health? Simply that it is a
popular delusion--a delusion which even a moderate acquaintance with
the first principles of modern physiology cannot fail to dissipate.
Nay, more; if our interpretation shall prove to be correct, it goes
still further. It says that smoking, so far from being detrimental to
health, is, in the great majority of cases, where excess is avoided,
beneficial to health; in short, that the careful and temperate smoker
is, other things equal, likely to be more vigorous, more cheerful, and
more capable of prolonged effort than the man who never smokes.
We do not pretend to _know_ all this, nor are we "as certain of it as
that two and two make four." Such certainty, though desirable, is not
to be had in complex physiological questions. But we set down these
propositions as being, so far as we can make out, in the present state
of science, the verdict of physiology in the matter. Future inquiry
may reverse that verdict; but as the physiologic evidence now stands,
there is a quite appreciable preponderance in favor of the practice of
smoking. Such was our own conclusion long before we had ever known, or
cared to know, the taste of a cigar or pipe; and such it remains after
eight years' experience in smoking. We shall endeavor concisely to
present the _rationale_ of the matter, dealing with some general
doctrines likely to assist us both now and later, when we come to
speak of alcohol.
We do not suppose it necessary to overhaul and quote all that the
illustrious Pereira, in his "Materia Medica,"[3] and Messrs. Johnston
and Lewes, in their deservedly popular books, have said about the
physiologic action of tobacco. Their works may easily be consulted by
any one who is interested in the subject; and their verdict is in the
main confined to the general proposition that, from the temperate use
of tobacco in smoking, no deleterious results have ever been proved to
follow. More modern and far more elaborate data for forming an opinion
are to be found in the great treatise of Dr. Anstie, on "Stimulants
and Narcotics," which we shall make the basis of the following
argument.[4]
[3] "I am not acquainted with any well-ascertained ill
effects resulting from the habitual practice of
smoking."--Pereira, _Materia Medica_, vol. ii., p. 1431.
Tobacco "is used in immense quantities over the whole world
as an article of luxury, without any bad effect having ever
been clearly traced to it."--Christison on _Poisons_, p.
730. These two short sentences, from such consummate masters
of their science as Christison and Pereira, should far more
than outweigh all the volumes of ignorant denunciation which
have been written by crammers, smatterers, and puritanical
reformers, from King James down.
[4] Only a basis, however. The argument as applied to
tobacco, though a necessary corollary from Dr. Anstie's
doctrines, is in no sense Dr. Anstie's argument. We are
ourselves solely responsible for it.
In the first place, we want some precise definition of the quite
vaguely understood word, "narcotic." What is a narcotic? _A narcotic
is any poison which, | 516.483435 |
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E-text prepared by Tim O'Connell and revised by Joseph E. Loewenstein, M.D.
Note: Many of the author's spellings follow older, obsolete, or
intentionally incorrect practice.
OPTIONS
by
O. HENRY
CONTENTS
"The Rose of Dixie"
The Third Ingredient
The Hiding of Black Bill
Schools and Schools
Thimble, Thimble
Supply and Demand
Buried Treasure
To Him Who Waits
He Also Serves
The Moment of Victory
The Head-Hunter
No Story
The Higher Pragmatism
Best-Seller
Rus in Urbe
A Poor Rule
"THE ROSE OF DIXIE"
When _The Rose of Dixie_ magazine was started by a stock company in
Toombs City, Georgia, there was never but one candidate for its chief
editorial position in the minds of its owners. Col. Aquila Telfair
was the man for the place. By all the rights of learning, family,
reputation, and Southern traditions, he was its foreordained, fit,
and logical editor. So, a committee of the patriotic Georgia citizens
who had subscribed the founding fund of $100,000 called upon Colonel
Telfair at his residence, Cedar Heights, fearful lest the enterprise
and the South should suffer by his possible refusal.
The colonel received them in his great library, where he spent most
of his days. The library had descended to him from his father. It
contained ten thousand volumes, some of which had been published as
late as the year 1861. When the deputation arrived, Colonel Telfair
was seated at his massive white-pine centre-table, reading Burton's
"Anatomy of Melancholy." He arose and shook hands punctiliously with
each member of the committee. If you were familiar with _The Rose of
Dixie_ you will remember the colonel's portrait, which appeared in it
from time to time. You could not forget the long, carefully brushed
white hair; the hooked, high-bridged nose, slightly twisted to the
left; the keen eyes under the still black eyebrows; the classic mouth
beneath the drooping white mustache, slightly frazzled at the ends.
The committee solicitously offered him the position of managing editor,
humbly presenting an outline of the field that the publication was
designed to cover and mentioning a comfortable salary. The colonel's
lands were growing poorer each year and were much cut up by red
gullies. Besides, the honor was not one to be refused.
In a forty-minute speech of acceptance, Colonel Telfair gave an
outline of English literature from Chaucer to Macaulay, re-fought the
battle of Chancellorsville, and said that, God helping him, he would
so conduct _The Rose of Dixie_ that its fragrance and beauty would
permeate the entire world, hurling back into the teeth of the Northern
minions their belief that no genius or good could exist in the brains
and hearts of the people whose property they had destroyed and whose
rights they had curtailed.
Offices for the magazine were partitioned off and furnished in the
second floor of the First National Bank building; and it was for the
colonel to cause _The Rose of Dixie_ to blossom and flourish or to
wilt in the balmy air of the land of flowers.
The staff of assistants and contributors that Editor-Colonel Telfair
drew about him was a peach. It was a whole crate of Georgia peaches.
The first assistant editor, Tolliver Lee Fairfax, had had a father
killed during Pickett's charge. The second assistant, Keats Unthank,
was the nephew of one of Morgan's Raiders. The book reviewer, Jackson
Rockingham, had been the youngest soldier in the Confederate army,
having appeared on the field of battle with a sword in one hand and a
milk-bottle in the other. The art editor, Roncesvalles Sykes, was a
third cousin to a nephew of Jefferson Davis. Miss Lavinia Terhune, the
colonel's stenographer and typewriter, had an aunt who had once been
kissed by Stonewall Jackson. Tommy Webster, the head office-boy,
got his job by having recited Father Ryan's poems, complete, at the
commencement exercises of the Toombs City High School. The girls who
wrapped and addressed the magazines were members of old Southern
families in Reduced Circumstances. The cashier was a | 516.586547 |
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Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Graeme Mackreth and the
Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
THE LAW OF PSYCHIC PHENOMENA
BY DR. HUDSON.
THE LAW OF PSYCHIC PHENOMENA. 12mo $1.50
A SCIENTIFIC DEMONSTRATION OF THE FUTURE LIFE. 12mo 1.50
THE DIVINE PEDIGREE OF MAN. 12mo 1.50
THE LAW OF MENTAL MEDICINE. 12mo $1.20 _net_
THE EVOLUTION OF THE SOUL. 12mo 1.20 _net_
A.C. MCCLURG & CO.
CHICAGO.
THE LAW
OF
PSYCHIC PHENOMENA
A Working Hypothesis
FOR THE
SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF HYPNOTISM,
SPIRITISM, MENTAL THERAPEUTICS,
ETC.
BY
THOMSON JAY HUDSON, PH.D., LL.D.
AUTHOR OF "A SCIENTIFIC DEMONSTRATION OF THE FUTURE LIFE,"
"THE DIVINE PEDIGREE OF MAN," ETC.
[Illustration]
SIXTIETH THOUSAND
CHICAGO
A.C. MCCLURG & CO.
1904
COPYRIGHT
BY A.C. MCCLURG AND CO.
A.D. 1893
UNIVERSITY PRESS, JOHN WILSON
AND SON · CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A.
TO THE
Honorable Lester L. Bond,
THE COMPANION OF MY YOUTH, THE STEADFAST FRIEND OF MY MANHOOD, MY
MENTOR ALWAYS,
THIS VOLUME IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED BY
THE AUTHOR.
PREFACE.
I do not expect this book to stand upon its literary merits; for if it
is unsound in principle, felicity of diction cannot save it, and if
sound, homeliness of expression cannot destroy it. My primary object
in offering it to the public is to assist in bringing Psychology
within the domain of the exact sciences. That this has never been
accomplished is owing to the fact that no successful attempt has been
made to formulate a working hypothesis sufficiently comprehensive to
embrace all psychic phenomena. It has, however, long been felt by the
ablest thinkers of our time that all psychic manifestations of the
human intellect, normal or abnormal, whether designated by the name
of mesmerism, hypnotism, somnambulism, trance, spiritism, demonology,
miracle, mental therapeutics, genius, or insanity, are in some way
related; and consequently, that they are to be referred to some general
principle or law, which, once understood, will simplify and correlate
the whole subject-matter, and possibly remove it from the domain of
the supernatural. The London Society for Psychical Research, whose
ramifications extend all over the civilized world, was organized for
the purpose of making a systematic search for that law. The Society
numbers among its membership many of the ablest scientists now living.
Its methods of investigation are purely scientific, and painstaking
to the last degree, and its field embraces all psychic phenomena. It
has already accumulated and verified a vast array of facts of the most
transcendent interest and importance. In the mean time a large number
of the ablest scientists of Europe and America have been pursuing
independent investigations in the phenomena of hypnotism. They too
have accumulated facts and discovered principles of vast importance,
especially in the field of mental therapeutics,--principles which also
throw a flood of light upon the general subject of Psychology.
This vast array of facts, thus accumulated and verified, and awaiting
scientific classification and analysis, would seem to justify at least
a tentative effort to apply to them the processes of induction, to the
end that the fundamental law of psychic phenomena may be discovered.
In the following pages I have attempted such a classification of
verified phenomena, accounts of which I find in the literature current
on the subject; and I have tentatively formulated a working hypothesis
for the systematic study of all classes of psychic phenomena. It
will be observed that I have availed myself largely of the labors of
others, instead of confining myself to experimental researches of my
own. I have done this for two reasons: _first_, that I might avoid the
accusation of having conducted a series of experiments for the purpose
of sustaining a pet theory of my own; and _second_, because I hold that
substantial progress cannot be made in science until one is ready to
accord due credit to human integrity, and to give due weight to human
testimony.
In conclusion, I desire to say that I claim no credit for this work,
save that which is due to an honest desire to promote the truth for its
own sake. Sincerely believing in the correctness of my hypothesis, I
have not hesitated to follow it to its legitimate conclusion in every
field which I have entered. If at the close of the book I have seemed
to trespass upon the forbidden field of theological discussion, it was
not for the purpose of sustaining any preconceived opinions of my own;
far from it. It was because I was irresistibly led to my conclusions by
the terms of my hypothesis and the inflexible logic of its application.
I cannot but be aware that my conclusions sometimes oppose the
preconceived opinions of others. But no one who accepts my hypothesis
as the true one will be compelled more frequently than I have been to
renounce his former convictions.
T.J.H.
WASHINGTON, D.C.
October 21, 1892.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTORY.
PAGE
Necessity of a Working Hypothesis.--The Newtonian Hypothesis.--The
Atomic Theory.--A Psychological Hypothesis
necessary.--Theories of Hypnotism and Mesmerism.--Spiritism.--Mental
Therapeutics.--Liébault's Law of Suggestion.--Duality
of Mind.--A Working Hypothesis for
Psychology formulated.--Its Three Terms 19
CHAPTER II.
DUALITY AND SUGGESTION.
The Doctrine of the Trinity of Man.--The Greek Philosophy.--The Early
Christian Fathers.--Hermetic Philosophy.--Swedenborg.--Duality in
Modern Philosophy.--"Objective" and "Subjective" Minds.--Their
Distinctive Differences and Modes of Operation.--The Subjective
Mind a Distinct Entity.--Illustrations from Hypnotism.--Suggestion.
--Auto-Suggestion.--Universality of the Law of Suggestion 27
CHAPTER III.
REASONING POWERS OF THE TWO MINDS DIFFERENTIATED.
The Subjective Mind incapable of Inductive Reasoning.--Its
Processes always Deductive, or Syllogistic.--Its Premises
the Result of Suggestion.--Illustrations by Hypnotism.--Hypnotic
Interview with Socrates.--Reasons from an Assumed
Major Premise.--Interview with a Philosophic Pig.--The
Pig affirms the Doctrine of Reincarnation.--Dogmatism
of Subjective Intelligence.--Incapable of Controversial
Argument.--Persistency in following a Suggested Line of
Thought 33
CHAPTER IV.
PERFECT MEMORY OF THE SUBJECTIVE MIND.
Confirmed by Hypnotic Phenomena.--Opinions of Psychologists.--Sir
William Hamilton's Views.--Observations of Dr. Rush.--Talent for
Poetry and Music developed by Abnormal Conditions.--Talent for Drawing
evolved by Madness.--Resuscitation of Knowledge in the
Insane.--Extraordinary Feats of Memory during Illness.--A Forgotten
Language recovered.--Whole Pages of Greek and Hebrew remembered by
an Illiterate Servant Girl.--Speaking in Unknown Tongues
explained.--The Result of the Operations of Natural Law 40
CHAPTER V.
SUBJECTIVE MEMORY (_continued_).
Practical Illustrations.--Reasons for Limitations of Subjective
Power.--Its Practical Significance.--Its Application to the Solution of
Problems of Insanity.--The Mental Phenomena of "Genius."--Napoleon
Bonaparte.--Shakspeare.--Poets.--Artists.--Macaulay's Estimate of Poets
and Poetry.--Dangers of Subjective Control.--Lord Byron.--Socrates'
Estimate of Poets.--His Recognition of the Subjective Element in Poetic
Composition.--Occasional Inconveniences.--Unconscious
Plagiarism.--Observations of Holmes.--Improvisation.--Solution
of the Shakspeare-Bacon Problem.--The Subjective in Art.--Madness in
Art.--Great Orators.--Webster.--Clay.--Patrick
Henry.--Incidents.--Practical Conclusions 48
CHAPTER VI.
PERCEPTION OF THE FIXED LAWS OF NATURE.
Three Sub-Classes of Mental Phenomena.--Mathematical
Prodigies.--Musical Prodigies.--Measurement of Time.--Distinction
between Results of Objective Education and
Intuitive Perception.--Zerah Colburn, the Mathematical
Prodigy.--The Lightning Calculator.--Bl | 516.681464 |
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EARLY AMERICAN POETRY
1610-1820
A LIST OF WORKS IN
THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY
_COMPILED BY_
| 517.185502 |
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Produced by Tricia Groeneveld; Source text from Archive.org:
http://archive.org/details/narrativeofsuffe00athe
[Transcriber's note: all misspellings and typographical errors
in the original have been retained in this text.]
NARRATIVE
OF THE
SUFFERING & DEFEAT
OF THE
NORTH-WESTERN ARMY
UNDER GENERAL WINCHESTER:
MASSACRE OF THE PRISONERS; SIXTEEN MONTHS IMPRISONMENT OF THE
WRITER AND OTHERS WITH THE INDIANS AND BRITISH:
BY WILLIAM ATHERTON.
FRANKFORT, KY.
Printed for the author by A. G. Hodges.
1842.
[Copy Right secured according to law.]
PREFACE.
The greater part of this short narrative was written years ago.
At that time it was intended for publication. But for several
years past the writer had declined ever letting it come before
the world; and had it not been for the solicitations of friends,
it is highly probable this intention would never have been
changed. But relying upon the opinion of those whom he believed
to be well qualified to judge of it, and believing them to be
sincere in their expression of opinion, I have consented to let
it go and take its chance before the public.
It was found difficult to give such an account of that part of
the campaign which it was thought to be most important, without
commencing as far back as the departure of the army from
Kentucky. This part of the history has, however, been passed
over very rapidly, perhaps rather too much so to make it at all
satisfactory. The writer is aware that he has omitted much which
would have added to the interest of this little history; but he
has not leisure to go over it again. History has given us an
account of the sufferings of the North-Western Army only in
general terms, but no where, so far as I have been able to learn,
has there been given a particular detail of the sufferings and
privations of that detachment of the army.
I think it proper that the rising generation should know what
their fathers suffered, and how they acted in the hour of danger;
that they sustained the double character of "_Americans and
Kentuckians_." This narrative has been made as concise as I could
conveniently make it, and on that account, perhaps, the writer
has not said all that might, and that should have been said. But
it is hoped that what has been said will be sufficient to give
the youthful reader some idea of what that "Spartan band" were
called to endure. To the old men of our country these things,
perhaps, will not be new.
With regard to the massacre at Raisin, the writer has related
nothing but what he saw. What is said in reference to the brave
Hart and Hickman, he witnessed with his own eyes.
It may be thought that I have been a little too severe in what I
have said of British officers. Should any think so, all I have to
say is, had they seen and felt what we did there would have been
no difference of opinion. By some it will be thought strange to
find the savages, in point of feeling and humanity, placed above
the British--but the truth ought always to be told.
One thing the writer regrets, and that is his being compelled so
frequently to speak of himself. But he found it impossible to
give a full narration without it. Nothing is aimed at but a plain
unvarnished statement of facts, a sober description of scenes, in
the principal part of which the writer himself was an actor.
NARRATIVE.
The volunteers from Kentucky, under the command of Colonels
Allen, Lewis and Scott, left their homes on the 12th of August,
1812, and rendezvoused at Georgetown. Thence took the Dry Ridge
road to Cincinnati, where we remained a few days. We then pursued
our march through the State of Ohio, by the way of Piqua; from
which place we were called to the relief of Fort Wayne.
Nothing worthy of public notice occurred on the way, except the
alarm we had at the camp we called "Fighton," which every soldier
that was on the ground no doubt recollects. Though we were
alarmed at Piqua, by one of the sentinels shooting at a horse,
yet we had seen nothing such as occurred here. It was a dark
rainy night, just such a time as the Indians would choose to make
an attack. We anticipated danger, and made arrangements to meet
it. The army encamped in a hollow square, within a strong
breastwork, and guards were placed at every point. Whether there
were Indians about or not, some of the guard thought they heard
them, and many guns were fired on post, and all the camp called
to arms. The line of battle was more than once formed during the
night, and at one time kept under arms an hour and a half. As
this was the the first campaign with most of us, and also the
first alarm worthy of notice, it is not easy to imagine the
degree of excitement produced throughout the camp. It fell to my
lot to be on guard that night, and at the time of the greatest
alarm was on post; the guard was not relieved for near an hour
after their time had expired--an attack being momently expected.
When we arrived at Fort Wayne, we found that the Indians which
had annoyed the fort for some time, had retreated. We were then
ordered to march to two Indian towns, for the purpose of burning
the houses and destroying their corn. When we had accomplished
this, and returned to Fort Wayne, we there met the Kentucky
mounted volunteers under the command of Colonel Simrall. We
marched from Fort Wayne on the 22d of September, and pursued
Wayne's route down the Miami towards old Fort Defiance, where we
arrived on the 30th. During the latter part of this march we were
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CALVINISTIC CONTROVERSY:
EMBRACING A SERMON
ON PREDESTINATION AND ELECTION,
AND SEVERAL NUMBERS,
FORMERLY PUBLISHED IN THE CHRISTIAN ADVOCATE AND JOURNAL.
BY REV. WILBUR FISK, D. D.
NEW-YORK,
PUBLISHED BY B. WAUGH AND T. MASON,
For the Methodist Episcopal Church at the Conference Office, 200
Mulberry-street.
_J. Collord, Printer_.
1835.
"Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1835, by B. Waugh and
T. Mason, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern
District of New-York."
CONTENTS.
Advertisement
Sermon on Predestination and Election
I. Reply to the Christian Spectator
II. A proposition to Calvinists
III. Indefiniteness of Calvinism
IV. Brief sketch of the past changes and present state of Calvinism in
this country
V. Same subject continued
VI. Predestination
VII. Predestination, continued
VIII. Moral agency and accountability
IX. Moral agency and accountability, continued
X. Moral agency as affected by the fall, and the subsequent provisions
of grace
XI. Same subject continued
XII. Objections to gracious ability answered
XIII. Regeneration
XIV. Regeneration, continued
XV. Regeneration, continued
ADVERTISEMENT.
The numbers following the sermon on predestination and election, were
written at different times, and in some instances at quite distant
intervals from each other. This will be received, it is hoped, as an
apology for any want of connection or uniformity of style, which the
reader may notice. And if any farther apology be necessary, it may be
found in the fact, that the entire contents of the volume as it is now
presented, were written in the midst of other pressing duties.--And the
same reason has prevented my giving the work such a thorough revision,
as it should have had, before it was presented to the public, in the
more set and imposing form of a book. Such a form was not originally
thought of--and now that this is called for, the author is well aware
that the public might expect a careful revision and correction of the
whole. From this however, he must, of _necessity_, be excused. He has
been able to do little more than correct the typographical errors. If
the public have it, therefore, it must go "with all its imperfections on
its head." Only let it be understood, that _I do not send it out_. The
publishers say it is called for; and I consent that it may go. The
doctrines I believe, will stand the test of reason and Scripture,
although some of the arguments by which they are defended may be found
defective.
It was my original design to have added one or two numbers on election;
but upon farther reflection, it appeared to me that enough had been said
in the sermon on that point; and that at any rate, if Calvinian
predestination, and the Calvinistic views of moral agency and
regeneration, were found to be fallacious, the whole superstructure must
fall of course. On these points therefore, we may safely rest the entire
question between us and the Calvinists.
W. Fisk.
_Wesleyan University, April_ 28, 1835.
A DISCOURSE
ON
PREDESTINATION AND ELECTION.
According as he hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the
world, that we should be holy and without blame before him in love.
Having predestinated us unto the adoption of children, by Jesus Christ,
to himself, according to the good pleasure of his will, Ephesians i, 4,
5.
In this passage, the kindred doctrines of predestination and election
are brought into view. To discuss them, to notice some errors respecting
them, and to exhibit what is believed to be the Scriptural and rational
view of these doctrines, is the proposed object of the present
discourse. In doing this, much that is new cannot be expected. The whole
ground of this controversy has been examined and re-examined; and the
various arguments, on both sides, have been urged and opposed, by the
most able polemics in philosophy and theology. The most, therefore, that
can now be expected, is to give a concise view of the subject, in a form
and manner suited to the present state of the controversy, and to the
circumstances of the | 517.385369 |
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+-------------------------------------------+
| Note: |
| |
| = around word indicates bold =CAPSULE.= |
| _ around word indicated italics _Erebus_ |
+-------------------------------------------+
[Illustration: ARISTOLOCHIA ELEGANS.]
THE
ILLUSTRATED
DICTIONARY OF GARDENING,
A PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC
_EncyclopA|dia + of + Horticulture_
FOR
GARDENERS AND BOTANISTS.
EDITED BY
GEORGE NICHOLSON,
_Of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew_.
ASSISTED BY PROFESSOR J. W. H. TRAIL, A.M., M.D., F.L.S., IN THE
PARTS RELATING TO INSECTS AND FUNGI; AND J. GARRETT IN THE FRUIT,
VEGETABLE, AND GENERAL GARDEN WORK PORTIONS.
DIVISION I.--A TO CAR.
PUBLISHED BY
L. UPCOTT GILL, 170, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.
SOLE AGENT FOR THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA,
JAMES PENMAN, NEW YORK.
1887.
LONDON: PRINTED BY A. BRADLEY, 170, STRAND.
PREFACE.
THE ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY OF GARDENING aims at being the best and
most complete Work on Gardening and Garden Plants hitherto published.
The aim is, indeed, a high one; but the Publisher, whose taste for
Flowers has rendered the production a labour of love, has, on his part,
spared no expense that the Typography and Illustrations should be of
a very high class. It is to be hoped that earnest efforts to attain
accuracy, by consulting the best Authorities, combined with no small
amount of original research, have contributed to render the _matter_
of the Work not unworthy of the _form_ in which it is presented to the
reader. The large number of Illustrations is an important feature;
and it is believed that the figures quoted, and the references given
to various works--in which more detailed information is contained
than is desirable, or, indeed, possible, in these pages, on account
of space--will greatly add to the interest and value of the work.
Considerable trouble has been taken in revising the tangled synonymy of
many genera, and clearing up, as much as possible, the confusion that
exists in garden literature in connection with so many plants, popular
and otherwise. In the matter of generic names, Bentham and Hooker's
recently-completed "Genera Plantarum" has, with few exceptions, been
followed; that work being the one which will, for a long time to
come, undoubtedly remain the standard authority on all that relates
to generic limitation. With regard to the nomenclature of species, I
have endeavoured to consult the latest and most trustworthy Monographs
and Floras, and to adopt the names in accordance with them. Now and
then, certain plants are described under their common garden names; but
they will, in such cases, be also found mentioned under the genus to
which they really belong. A case in point may be cited: _AnA"ctochilus
Lowii_ is given under _AnA"ctochilus_, but the name it must now bear is
_Dossinia_, and a reference to that genus will explain matters pretty
fully, as far as the present state of knowledge goes.
I am greatly indebted to Professor J. W. H. TRAIL, M.D., F.L.S.,
&c., for his valuable contributions on Insects, Fungi, and Diseases
of Plants, branches of science in which he has long been specially
interested, and in which he is an undoubted authority.
Mr. J. GARRETT, of the Royal Gardens, Kew, late of the Royal
Horticultural Society's Gardens, is responsible for Fruit and
Vegetable Culture, for most of what appertains to Florists' Flowers,
and for General Gardening Work. For information on many special
subjects--Begonias may be cited as an example--I am obliged for much
assistance to Mr. W. WATSON, also of the Royal Gardens, Kew; in fact,
the article _Begonia_, in its entirety, was written by him. Mr. W. B.
HEMSLEY, A.L.S., has, throughout, given me aid and advice; and I have
to acknowledge constant help from several other colleagues.
The Rev. PERCY W. MYLES, M.A., has taken no little trouble in working
out the correct derivations of very many of the Generic Names;
unfortunately, in a number of instances, lack of time prevented me from
obtaining the benefit of his knowledge. I have to record my gratitude
for help in so difficult a task, this special study being one to which
Mr. MYLES has paid much attention.
GEORGE NICHOLSON.
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
[Illustration]
REFERENCE TO ILLUSTRATIONS OF PLANTS OTHER THAN THOSE FIGURED IN THIS
WORK.
It has been suggested, by an eminent Authority, that many readers
would be glad to be informed where reliable Illustrations could be
found of those Plants which are not figured in this Work. To meet
this want, references to the figures in Standard Authorities have
been given, the titles of the Works referred to being, for economy
of space, abbreviated as follows:
A. B. R. Andrews (H. C.). Botanist's Repository. London,
1799-1811. 10 vols. 4to.
A. E. Andrews (H. C.). Engravings of Heaths.
London, 1802-30. 4 vols. 4to.
A. F. B. Loudon (J. C.). Arboretum et fruticetum britannicum....
London, 1838. 8 vols. 8vo.
A. F. P. Allioni (C.). Flora pedemontana. Aug. Taur., 1785.
3 vols. Fol.
A. G. Aublet (J. B. C. F.). Histoire des plantes de la
Guiane FranASec.aise. Londres, 1775. 4 vols. 4to.
A. H. Andrews (H. C.). The Heathery. London, 1804-12.
4 vols. 4to.
B. Maund (B.). The Botanist.... London, 1839.
8 vols. 4to.
B. F. F. Brandis ( | 517.385562 |
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WALT WHITMAN
_Yesterday & Today_
BY
HENRY EDUARD LEGLER
CHICAGO
BROTHERS OF THE BOOK
1916
COPYRIGHT 1916
BY THE
BROTHERS OF THE BOOK
The edition of this book consists of six hundred copies on this
Fabriano hand-made paper, and the type distributed.
This copy is Number 2
TO DR. MAX HENIUS
CONSISTENT HATER OF SHAMS
ARDENT LOVER OF ALL OUTDOORS
AND GENEROUS GIVER OF SELF
IN GENUINE FELLOWSHIP
THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED
_Walt Whitman: Yesterday & Today_
I
On a day about mid-year in 1855, the conventional literary world was
startled into indecorous behavior by the unannounced appearance of a
thin quarto sheaf of poems, in form and in tone unlike anything of
precedent issue. It was called Leaves of Grass, and there were but
twelve poems in the volume. No author's name appeared upon the title
page, the separate poems bore no captions, there was no imprint of
publisher. A steel engraving of a man presumably between thirty and
forty years of age, coatless, shirt flaringly open at the neck, and a
copyright notice identifying Walter Whitman with the publication,
furnished the only clues. Uncouth in size, atrociously printed, and
shockingly frank in the language employed, the volume evoked such a
tirade of rancorous condemnation as perhaps bears no parallel | 517.584099 |
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THE TRIALS
OF
A COUNTRY PARSON
BY
AUGUSTUS JESSOPP, D.D.
AUTHOR OF
“ONE GENERATION OF A NORFOLK HOUSE,” “HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF
NORWICH,” &c., &c.
London
T. FISHER UNWIN
PATERNOSTER SQUARE
MDCCCXC
[Illustration]
_BY THE SAME AUTHOR._
ARCADY:
FOR BETTER FOR WORSE.
_Fourth Edition. Cloth, 3s. 6d._
“A volume which is, to our minds, one of the most delightful ever
published in English.”--_Spectator._
The COMING of the FRIARS,
AND OTHER MEDIÆVAL SKETCHES.
_Fourth Edition. Cloth, 7s. 6d._
“The book is one to be read and enjoyed from its title-page to its
finish.”--_Morning Post._
LONDON: T. FISHER UNWIN, PATERNOSTER SQUARE, E.C.
_Preface._
_In a volume which I published three years ago[1] I attempted to give a
faithful picture of the habits and ways of thinking, the superstitions,
prejudices and grounds for discontent, the grievances and the trials,
of the country folk among whom my lot was cast and among whom it was my
duty and my privilege to live as a country clergyman. I was surprised,
and not a little pained, to hear from many who read my book that the
impression produced upon them was exactly the reverse of that which
I had desired to convey. On returning to a country village after
long residence in a large town, I found things greatly changed, of
course; but I found that, though the country folk had not shared in
the general progress which had been going on in the condition of the
urban population, they still retained some of their sturdy virtues,
still had some love for their homes, still clung to some of their old
prejudices which reflected their attachment to their birthplace, and
that if they were inclined to surrender themselves to the leadership
of blatant demagogues, and to dwell upon some real or imagined wrongs
coarsely exaggerated by itinerant agitators with their living to get
by speechifying, it was not because there was no cause for discontent.
The rustics were right when they followed their instincts and these
told them that their lot might be easily--so very easily--made much
happier than it is, if philanthropists would only give themselves a
fair chance, set themselves patiently to study facts before committing
themselves to crude theories, try to make themselves really conversant
with the conditions which they vaguely desire to ameliorate, go to work
in the right way and learn to take things by the right handles._
_The circumstances under which I commenced residence in my country
parish were, unhappily, not conducive to my forming a favourable
judgment of my people. I was at starting brought face to face with the
worst side of their characters. They were and had for long been in
bad hands; they had surrendered themselves to the guidance of those
who had gone very far towards demoralizing them. I could not be blind
to the faults--the vices if you will--which were only too apparent.
I could not but grieve at the altered_ tone _which was observable in
their language and their manners, since the days when I had been a
country curate twenty years before. But while I lamented the noticeable
deterioration and the fact that the rustics were less cordial, less
courteous, less generous, less loving, and, therefore, less happy
than they had been, I gradually got to see that the surface may be
ruffled and yet the inner nature beneath that surface may have some
depths unaffected by the turmoil. The charity which hopeth all things
suggested that it was the time to work and wait. It was not long before
I learnt to feel something more than mere interest in my people. I
learnt to love them. I learnt_--
_To see a good in evil, and a hope
In ill success; to sympathize, be proud
Of their half-reasons, faint aspirings, dim
Struggles for truth, their poorest fallacies,
Their prejudice, and fears, and cares, and doubts,
Which all touch upon nobleness, despite
Their error, all tend upwardly though weak,
Like plants in mines which never see the sun,
But dream of him, and guess where he may be,
And do their best to climb and get at him._
_I was shocked when friendly critics told me I had drawn a melancholy
picture, and that to live in such a community, and with surroundings
such as I had described, must be depressing, almost degrading, for any
man of culture and refinement._
_The essays which follow in this volume were written as a kind
of protest against any such view of the case. I think the two
volumes--this and my former one--should in fairness be read each as the
complement of the other. In “Arcady” I have drawn, as best I could, the
picture of the life of the rustics around me. In this volume I have
sketched the life of a country parson trying to do his best to elevate
those among whom he has been called to exercise his ministry._
_I hold that any clergyman in a country parish who aims_ exclusively
_at being a Religious Teacher will miss his aim. He must be more, or
he will fail to be that. He must be a social power in his parish,
and he ought to try, at any rate, to be an intellectual force also.
It is because I am strongly convinced of this that I have brought so
much into prominence the daily intercourse which I have enjoyed with
my people on the footing of a mere friendly neighbour. I cannot think
that I have any right at all to lift the veil from those private
communings with penitents who are agonized by ghastly memories, with
poor weaklings torturing themselves with religious difficulties, or at
the bedside of the sick and dying. These seem to me to be most sacred
confidences which we are bound to conceal from others as if they had
been entrusted to us under a sacramental obligation of impenetrable
silence. We all have our share of miserable experiences of this kind.
We have no right to talk of them; they never can become common property
without some one alive or dead being betrayed. In the single instance
in which I may seem to have departed from this principle, it was the
expressed wish of the poor woman whose sad story I told that others
should learn the circumstances of the case which I made public._
_It may be thought, perhaps, that my surroundings have something
peculiar in them. But, No! they are of the ordinary type. For two
centuries or so East Anglia was indeed greatly cut off from union and
sympathy with the rest of England, and was a kingdom apart. The result
has been that there are certain characteristics which distinguish
the Norfolk character, and some of them are not pleasing. These are
survivals, and they present some difficulties to him who is not an East
Anglian born, when he is first brought face to face with them. But in
the main we are all pretty much alike, and let a man be placed where
he may, he will be sure to find something new in the situation, and
almost as sure to make some mistakes at starting. I do not believe that
a man of average ability, who is really in earnest in his desire to do
the best he can for his people, and who throws himself heartily into
his work, will find one place worse than another. Let him resolve to
find his joy in the performance of his duty according to his light,
and the joy will come. So far from repining at my own lot, I have
found it--I do find it--a very happy one; and if I have dwelt on the
country parson’s trials, I have done so in no petty and querulous
spirit as if I had anything to complain of which others had not--this I
should disdain to do--but rather as protesting that they press upon my
brethren equally as upon myself, and that, such as they are, some must
be, some need not be, some ought not to be._
_As for the worries and annoyances, the “trials” which | 517.682617 |
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Produced by Maria Cecilia Lim and PG Distributed Proofreaders
[Illustration: A-list'nin' to the witch-tales 'at Annie tells
abou--Frontispiece]
RILEY
CHILD-RHYMES
James Whitcomb Riley
WITH HOOSIER PICTURES BY
Will Vawter
Copyright 1890, 1896, 1898 and 1905
WITH HALE AFFECTION AND ABIDING FAITH
THESE RHYMES AND PICTURES
ARE INSCRIBED
TO THE CHILDREN EVERYWHERE
_He owns the bird-songs of the hills--
The laughter of the April rills;
And his are all the diamonds set
In Morning's dewy coronet,--
And his the Dusk's first minted stars
That twinkle through the pasture-bars
And litter all the skies at night
With glittering scraps of silver light;--
The rainbow's bar, from rim to rim,
In beaten gold, belongs to him._
CONTENTS
[Note from the transcriber: The Table of Contents below was taken from
the book and is an alphabetical list of the poems. A second Table of
Contents, listing the poems in the order they occur in this book, has
been provided by the transcriber.]
AT AUNTY'S HOUSE
BEAR STORY, THE
BOY LIVES ON OUR FARM, THE
BOYS' CANDIDATE, THE
BUMBLEBEE, THE
CIRCUS-DAY PARADE, THE
CURLY LOCKS
DAYS GONE BY, THE
DOWN AROUND THE RIVER
ENVOY
FUNNY LITTLE FELLOW, THE
GRANDFATHER SQUEERS
HAPPY LITTLE <DW36>, THE
HOME-MADE FAIRY-TALE, A
IMPETUOUS RESOLVE, AN
JOLLY MILLER, THE
LIFE-LESSON, A
LITTLE COAT, THE
LITTLE ORPHANT ANNIE
LUGUBRIOUS WHING-WHANG, THE
NAUGHTY CLAUDE
NINE LITTLE GOBLINS, THE
OLD AUNT MARY'S
OLD HAY-MOW, THE
OLD TRAMP, THE
ON THE SUNNY SIDE
OUR HIRED GIRL
PET <DW53>, THE
PIXY PEOPLE, THE
RAGGEDY MAN, THE
RIDER OF THE KNEE, THE
RUNAWAY BOY, THE
SOUTH WIND AND THE SUN, THE
SQUIRTGUN UNCLE MAKED ME, THE
SUDDEN SHOWER, A
TIME OF CLEARER TWITTERINGS
WAITIN' FER THE CAT TO DIE
WHO SANTY-CLAUS WUZ
WINTER FANCIES
Contents (Listed in the Order They Appear)
LITTLE ORPHANT ANNIE
THE RAGGEDY MAN
CURLY LOCKS
THE FUNNY LITTLE FELLOW
THE HAPPY LITTLE <DW36>
THE RIDER OF THE KNEE
DOWN AROUND THE RIVER
AT AUNTY'S HOUSE
THE DAYS GONE BY
THE BUMBLEBEE
THE BOY LIVES ON OUR FARM
THE SQUIRTGUN UNCLE MAKED ME
THE OLD TRAMP
OLD AUNT MARY'S
WINTER FANCIES
THE RUNAWAY BOY
THE LITTLE COAT
AN IMPETUOUS RESOLVE
WHO SANTY-CLAUS WUZ
THE NINE LITTLE GOBLINS
TIME OF CLEARER TWITTERINGS
THE CIRCUS-DAY PARADE
THE LUGUBRIOUS WHING-WHANG
WAITIN' FER THE CAT TO DIE
NAUGHTY CLAUDE
THE SOUTH WIND AND THE SUN
THE JOLLY MILLER
OUR HIRED GIRL
THE BOYS' CANDIDATE
THE PET <DW53>
THE OLD HAY-MOW
ON THE SUNNY SIDE
A SUDDEN SHOWER
GRANDFATHER SQUEERS
THE PIXY PEOPLE
A LIFE-LESSON
A HOME-MADE FAIRY-TALE
THE BEAR STORY
ENVOY
ILLUSTRATIONS
WITCH-TALES
THEY WAS TWO GREAT BIG BLACK THINGS A-STANDIN' BY HER SIDE
AN' WHEN THEY TURN'T THE KIVVERS DOWN
LITTLE ORPHANT ANNIE--TAILPIECE
THE RAGGEDY MAN--TITLE
HE SHOWED ME THE HOLE 'AT THE WUNKS IS GOT
CURLY LOCKS--TITLE
SIT ON A CUSHION AND SEW A FINE SEAM
THE FUNNY LITTLE FELLOW--TITLE
NEVER KNEW A BABY THAT WOULDN'T CROW FOR HIM
THE HAPPY LITTLE <DW36>--TITLE
AN | 517.685852 |
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Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
generously made available by The Internet Archive)
Transcriber Note
Text emphasis denoted as _Italics_.
=== THE ===
Cleveland Medical Gazette
----------------------------------------------------------------------
_VOL. I._ _FEBRUARY, 1886._ _No. 4._
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ORIGINAL LECTURES.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ULCER OF THE STOMACH.
A LECTURE BY PROF. L. OSER OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA.
[Translated for the Cleveland Medical Gazette by Dr. C. Rosenwasser].
Gentlemen! The disease which we intend to study to-day is one, the
traces of which are found much oftener at post-mortems than the disease
itself in the clinic. A great many cases are overlooked and improperly
diagnosed for reasons which I shall state hereafter.
It has been called by various names. Round ulcer, perforating ulcer,
chronic ulcer, corroding ulcer and simple ulcer are only different
designations for one and the same condition. I prefer to call it
_peptic ulcer_, as it is always the result of self-digestion of a part
of the walls of the stomach, but is not always round, nor perforating,
nor chronic, nor corroded; nor is it always simple, several ulcers
having occasionally been found in one and the same stomach.
Pathologists have not yet come to a positive decision on the _modus
operandi_ of its origin, but several conditions are mentioned as
necessary for its development.
1. The self-digestion of a part of the stomach by the gastric juice.
2. Disturbances of the circulation of the blood in the walls of the
stomach.
3. The alkalinity of the blood circulating in the walls of the stomach
prevents the digestion of the mucous membrane. If this action on the
walls of the stomach is prevented in any way, the development of an
ulcer is aided. This clause has been accepted until recently, when
it has been rendered somewhat doubtful by the results of certain
experiments.
The first clause is sustained by the fact that the peptic ulcer is only
found in those parts which are brought into direct contact with the
gastric juice. It is further proven by the softening of the stomach so
frequently found at post-mortem. But as long as the circulation of the
blood in the walls of the stomach is normal, ulcers do not form. The
formation of an ulcer in the stomach presupposes a local disturbance
of the circulation. It is usual to find thrombi and diseases of
the bloodvessels in cases where ulcers of the stomach occur. For
this reason the latter is more common in anaemic persons where the
circulation is retarded and the bloodvessels frequently subject to
fatty degeneration.
Virchow regards embolism of a small vessel as the origin of ulcer of
the stomach. Cohnheim disproved this beyond doubt by showing that there
is an abundant circulation in the walls of the stomach by which the
parts affected are again quickly supplied with blood. Klebs takes for
granted a spasmodic contraction of single bloodvessels as the cause
of the retardation of the circulation, while Rindfleich attributes
it to the poor anastomotic connection of the gastric veins. He calls
attention to the frequent coincidence of ulcer and hemorrhagic
infarct in the walls of the stomach. Cohnheim injected chromate of
lead into the gastric branch of the splenic artery in animals, and
when he succeeded in cutting off the arterial supply of the mucous
and submucous layers _only_, he found as a result large ulcers with
sharp, well-defined margins and a circular base. If the animals were
examined in the second week after the experiment, they showed several
small ulcers in place of the larger one. In the third week the ulcers
were found to have healed. From these experiments you can see that
the gastric ulcer has a natural tendency to heal when not interfered
with. By experiments such as these it has been proven beyond doubt that
disturbances of circulation of a small part of the stomach may lead to
ulcer. But the causes of these disturbances, and the reasons why some
ulcers do not heal, are still disputed questions.
Pavy claims that the alkalinity of the blood prevents the gastric juice
from acting on the walls of the stomach. When he introduced acids into
the stomach and allowed the circulation of the blood to continue,
no ulcers resulted; if he impeded the circulation, the stomach was
digested by its acid contents. Samelson instituted experiments to
test the statement of Pavy. He introduced large quantities of various
acids into the stomach of his animals without observing ulceration as
a result; he also neutralized the blood by the injection of weakened
acids into the bloodvessels, but no ulceration followed. But he did
not impede the gastric circulation in his experiments, while Pavy did,
hence the difference in their results. Clinical experience, however,
favors Pavy's views. We can prevent the further progress of the gastric
ulcer by the use of alkalies, while acids only favor its growth. These
questions still need additional research before they are definitely
solved.
Gastric ulcer may occur in any part of the digestive tract which is
exposed to the action of the gastric juice; hence it is found in the
lower part of the œsophagus, any part of the stomach and the upper part
of the duodenum. It is found most frequently in the pyloric end of the
stomach, because this part is most frequently subjected to mechanical
irritation and to the action of the gastric juice.
The shape of the ulcer is usually conical or terraced, its diameter
being largest in the mucous membrane and smallest at its base, in the
deeper structures.
The gastric ulcer must be very common. In about five per cent of all
cadavers we find ulcers in the stomach or else scars as traces of
former ulceration. Ulcer of the stomach is frequently passed over
without recognition, because most physicians do not decide upon this
diagnosis, unless hæmatemesis occurs. Gastric hemorrhage, however, is
not necessarily a concomitant feature of every gastric ulcer, and the
hemorrhage may occur without vomiting, the blood being either digested
and absorbed or passing on into the bowel and causing dark stools.
Thus occasionally the only symptom of hemorrhage of the stomach is the
appearance of darker stools, a symptom of doubtful value when taken
alone, but of some importance when in connection with others.
A few years ago an elderly lady was admitted into the hospital on
account of severe pain in the stomach and the appearance of dark
stools. While in the hospital vomiting of blood set in, continuing
three days, and then the patient died. At the post-mortem we found
that an ulcer of the stomach had burrowed through the diaphragm and
pericardium into the wall of the left ventricle, perforating finally
with a small opening into the left ventricle. I can only explain the
length of the time between perforation and death (three days) by
assuming that part of the gastric fistula leading through the walls of
the heart was firmly closed during systole, and only allowed a small
quantity of blood to ooze through during each diastole.
_Symptomatology._ If you were to rely upon the occurrence of gastric
hemorrhage in making your diagnosis, a great many blunders would
necessarily occur, as this symptom is present in but one quarter of
all the cases. I can give you an exact picture of the symptoms from
experience on myself, having repeatedly been a sufferer from gastric
ulcer and having studied every phase of the question carefully upon
myself, frequently experimenting to get at various truths.
One of the most important and characteristic symptoms is the _localized
pain or soreness_ which is felt in a small, well defined area, and
either originates or is increased by chemical or mechanical irritation.
This spot always was sensitive both to warm and cold food. Salty food,
alcoholic or sour articles brought on pain. I could feel when the
food passed the spot. It was always more sensitive about an hour or
two after a meal, when the process of digestion was most active. My
ulcer was on the anterior wall of the stomach, so that I could greatly
ease the pain after meals by lying upon my back, while lying upon
the abdomen greatly aggravated it, as the food then came in contact
with the ulcer. I was a student yet when first suffering from this
trouble, and was treated by one of our prominent professors for heart
disease. He even gave me a certificate stating that I was suffering
from beginning hypertrophy of the left ventricle. I was not improving
under this treatment, and was taken one day with violent pain in the
stomach, followed by vomiting of a large quantity of blood. Now the
state of things was cleared up, and under the proper treatment (for
ulcer of the stomach) I soon regained my health. I remained well for
a long time, but in the course of the last twenty years have passed
through several relapses. One of these, I distinctly remember, occurred
while I was making a tour through the Alps. I had walked quite a
distance that day and being very thirsty drank three glasses of water
in quick succession. I immediately felt a pain in the stomach, and
could distinctly feel how one of the old scars was again rent asunder.
During these repeated attacks I found that the painful sensation
was really divisible into three distinct periods, that of constant
increase, during which the ulcer is developing and extending, that of
remaining at one height, and that of gradual decrease during the period
of healing. I could distinctly tell from these various changes how my
ulcer was getting along.
Two different kinds of pain are felt, the one constant and the other
occasional. The _constant pain_ is usually present where the ulcer has
extended deeper into the tissues or when the surrounding tissues are
implicated. This pain is increased during digestion or when pressure is
made on the parts from without. The _occasional pains_ are either of
a dyspeptic type, caused by the catarrh which usually accompanies the
ulcer, or of a cardialgic (neuralgic) type, the result of irritation
of the exposed nerve-endings with the ulcer. These cardialgias are
acute attacks of very severe, excruciating pain, which occur during
or between the periods of digestion and are felt in the epigastrium
and back mostly, but sometimes radiate over the entire abdomen, into
the chest and even into the limbs. These attacks differ in no respect
from those occurring in some diseases of the gall bladder, kidneys,
peritoneum or uterus, and are consequently not characteristic of
gastric ulcer. The dyspeptic pain partakes more of the character
of feeling of fullness, a sense of oppression in the epigastrium,
heartburn, etc., such sensations as occur in catarrh of the stomach and
are felt during digestion.
_The characteristic pain in ulcer of the stomach is a localized feeling
of soreness._ It is not always prominent. Chemical or mechanical
irritation of the ulcer brings it on, or if already present, aggravates
it. Especially acids, both mineral and vegetable, have this effect,
while alkalies allay it. This pain only occurs during the process of
digestion, when the food or gastric juice comes in contact with the
ulcer, or when the stomach is distended with gas, and tension exerted
on the tender spot. During the periods when the stomach is at rest it
does not occur.
_Vomiting_ occurs in about three-fourths of all cases of gastric ulcer;
vomiting of blood, however, only in about a quarter of all the cases.
The latter occurs oftener where the ulcer is deep. In cases where the
stomach is dilated, the amount vomited may be enormous, and contain
food which has been retained in the dilated portion for several days.
As a result, also, of the accompanying catarrh of the stomach and the
consequent diminished absorption of fluids, we find _constipation_ and
_diminished secretion of urine_ in cases of ulcer of the stomach.
Perforation of the stomach is most frequently caused by gastric
ulcer, and may be said to be a characteristic symptom; but it usually
occurs too late to be made use of in the treatment of the ulcer. It
is occasionally the first symptom which calls the patient's attention
to the fact that his stomach is and has been seriously diseased. By
the agglutinations of the base of the ulcer with neighboring organs,
through inflammatory processes, perforation can take place into these
organs. The most frequent forms of perforation under such conditions
are those into the liver, spleen or pancreas, but cases have occurred
where perforation into the colon or pleural cavity has taken place,
or even into the pericardium, the heart or lungs. Some time ago I saw
a case of gangrene of the lung, the result of the perforation of a
gastric ulcer into this organ.
A few days ago I saw an interesting case, where an acute gastritis
culminated in the vomiting of a large quantity of pus. The patient had
been having high fever for a few days, with incessant vomiting and
great tenderness in the epigastrium. Evidently an abscess had formed in
the neighborhood of the stomach, and finally opened into this organ,
with the given result.
_Diagnosis._ There are two classes of characteristic symptoms--those
originating from the exposure of nerve-endings, and those caused by
ulceration into bloodvessels. The first class includes the painful
sensations, the characteristic soreness, which occurs in about
four-fifths of all the cases; the second class, the hemorrhages,
occurring in only one-fourth of all the cases. You can readily see
why pain occurs more often than hemorrhage. Even a very superficial
abrasion may expose nerve-endings to the irritation of the food, while
it takes a deeper ulceration to lay open a larger bloodvessel. In order
to make a positive diagnosis, these two symptoms should be present.
Vomiting of blood alone need not necessarily be caused by a gastric
ulcer. There are a great many other conditions which may cause it. It
should, however, put you on the guard, and can, in a great many cases,
justify a diagnosis of probable ulcer of the stomach.
The localized pain occurs, according to my experience, only in cases
of ulceration of the stomach; that is, in gastric or peptic ulcer
and in cancer of this organ. In order to differentiate between these
conditions, it becomes necessary to observe whether the patient is
cachectic or emaciated or not, and whether a tumor can be felt in
the region of the stomach. But even these symptoms can be deceptive,
as an abnormal hardness or resistance--the result of perigastritic
infiltration--may occur in cases of simple ulcer, making the diagnosis
almost impossible. This is true especially in cases of ulcer of the
pyloric regions, while ulcers of the anterior wall of the stomach are
rarely accompanied by such infiltrations.
The pylorus is the most sensitive part of the stomach, and frequently
the seat of pain, when no lesion can be detected post-mortem. The other
parts of the stomach only become painful when attacked by ulcerative or
other pathological processes. Another point worthy of consideration
is that all forms of pain in the stomach are usually referred to the
pyloric region by the patient, even if they originate in other parts.
From all this you can see that no positive diagnosis can be made where
any one of these symptoms is presented unaccompanied by the others. A
careful consideration of the symptoms present will frequently, however,
be of aid in making a diagnosis. Intelligent patients will tell you
that they have a feeling of oppression, a feeling of distress in
dyspepsia, but will describe their feeling as that of distinct pain in
ulcer. Pure neuralgic pain is not always localized, but radiates into
distant parts, is not constant, but sets in all at once and disappears
with equal celerity, sometimes intermitting for days and weeks, and
then again setting in on the slightest nervous excitement. Such pain is
not aggravated by local pressure, shows no relation to the digestive
functions, does not depend upon the quality or quantity of food taken,
and may as well occur during a fast as during a feast. Often such
patients will tell you that their pain does not cease until they have
taken a hearty meal.
In cases of peptic ulcer, you will find that the pain is in direct
relation to the amount and quality of food taken; that the patient
has little or no pain when the stomach is at rest; that coarse foods
as well as acids cause or aggravate the pain, and that indifferent
foods, such as milk, do not bring it about, though they may sometimes
cause a sense of fullness or oppression. Some patients with ulcer will
tell you that the position of their body has an influence on their
pain. If they are so placed that the food, by its gravity, lies on the
ulcer, the pain is brought on or increased, while if the patient under
such circumstances then changes his position, he is relieved of his
pain partially, or even entirely. Yes, some such patients must assume
abnormal positions while their stomach is active, in order to avoid
this suffering. Some patients with gastric ulcer cannot digest _any_
food without great pain, and frequently live on a very scanty diet,
rather than risk taking more food and enduring these excruciating pains
again.
_Anomalous Cases._ Occasionally cases will occur in which the symptoms
presented do not justify the diagnosis of ulcer of the stomach, only
those of dyspepsia or else of gastric catarrh being present, while we
are still compelled to assume the diagnosis of ulcer from the result of
the treatment. Such cases resist all kinds of treatment based upon the
diagnosis of dyspepsia or catarrh, and can only be cured by a strict
"ulcer cure."
Another class of cases only presents gastralgic pain without any other
symptom. Such are frequently patients who have had gastric ulcer
before. Others will come to you with intercostal neuralgia on the left
side. They have, perhaps, tried all the usual anti-neuralgic remedies,
have gone through a course of treatment by electricity, and spent a
large amount of time and money, without obtaining permanent relief,
until some physician puts them on a strict milk diet and cures them in
this way in a short time.
Some cases of ulcer of the stomach present the queerest symptoms.
For instance: they complain of pain after drinking milk, or even
after taking a morphine powder, while they can eat the coarsest food
without any harm. Others run along without presenting any symptoms at
all, until they, as well as their physicians, are surprised by the
perforation of a gastric ulcer.
All these abnormal cases, which form about one-fifth of all the cases
occurring, are so indistinct that they frequently remain unrecognized
throughout their entire course, and baffle the skill of the best
diagnosticians.
In order to be able to make a sure diagnosis, there must be a localized
pain, together with tenderness on pressure from without on the
painful spot. A great many persons in good health are tender in the
epigastrium, so that you have to be on your guard in this direction,
too. From the occurrence of hæmatemesis in an otherwise healthy person
you can, with great probability, diagnose ulcer of the stomach.
_Differential Diagnosis._ In order to differentiate _between catarrh
and ulcer_, it is simply necessary to keep in mind the difference in
the character of the pain, the fact that local pressure is more liable
to aggravate the pain in ulcer than in catarrh, and the occurrence of
hemorrhage in the former. The two conditions, however, frequently occur
in the same patient.
The differentiation between _ulcer and neurosis_ has already been
discussed. The direct connection of the attacks of pain with the
introduction of food, and the character of the pain will soon clear up
the matter. Should you still be in doubt, a course of treatment, such
as an ulcer would demand, will soon clear up the matter. If the case is
one of ulcer, it will have been cured or materially benefited, if it
was a pure neurosis the patient will if anything feel worse than before.
By far the most difficult question to decide in making a diagnosis is
whether the case is one of _ulcer or cancer_ of the stomach. Here close
attention to several points will usually clear up the diagnosis. Cancer
sufferers always have a sallow complexion, a worn, emaciated, cachectic
appearance, no matter what or how much they eat. Ulcer patients
frequently have a robust, healthy appearance, and are emaciated or run
down only after repeated hemorrhages, or when other grave diseases,
such as heart disease, chlorosis, tuberculosis, etc., are also present.
The _presence or absence of a tumor_ is a very important aid to the
diagnosis, though as I have already stated, not always reliable.
Sometimes an ulcer may be covered with granulations, and its
surroundings so infiltrated and hardened, that even post-mortem the
naked eye can not tell whether it is cancer or simple ulcer, and the
question has to be decided by microscope. Such are likely the cases
which form the bases of cancer cures which are reported from time to
time to have been effected by the use of various remedies.
_Vomiting of blood_ is a symptom common to both cancer and ulcer of
the stomach, but is usually more copious in the latter. If the absence
of acid in the gastric juice of cancerous stomachs proves to be as
reliable a symptom as has been recently asserted, this will be an
important feature in the differentiation from ulcer.
You will frequently be astonished by the success of your treatment if
you think of ulcer in doubtful cases of stomach trouble, such as occurs
in young girls with chlorosis and institute a strict milk diet with
the measures adopted for the cure of ulcer.
_Prognosis._ From what has been said you can see that in general the
prognosis of ulcer of the stomach is good, that with proper avoidance
of all irritation, the ulcer has a tendency to heal of itself. This
tendency has been observed even in large ulcers, where death was
perhaps the result of some intercurrent disease.
Ulcers of the anterior wall of the stomach are more dangerous than such
as occur on the posterior wall, for the reason that in the latter case
adhesion with the neighboring structures are more easily formed, and
thus fatal perforation prevented. The anterior wall takes a much more
active part in the peristaltic movement of the stomach, and as a result
does not enter so easily into adhesion with its surroundings. Even
after an ulcer has healed it always remains a weak point, and cases of
rupture of the stomach in old cicatrices are described by Chiari.
_Treatment._ The pain is the most important criterion as a guide
during the treatment. It is the signal by which I judge of the present
condition of the ulcer. According to the variation of its character
and intensity, I can judge whether the ulcer is healing, is remaining
stationary, or is spreading and increasing in size or depth in spite of
the treatment. If the pain has been removed permanently the ulcer has
been healed. From the relation of this symptom to different kinds of
food you can also judge of a progress or improvement of the ulcer.
Theoretically considered, that form of treatment would seem the best
which gives the stomach absolute rest, entire abstinence from food, a
fast of several weeks. But this can not be carried out in practice.
The patient could be nourished per rectum, you might say, by means of
nutrient enemata. In my opinion this method of nourishment does not
amount to much. I believe that very little water is absorbed by the
rectum, the patient would suffer from thirst and you would then be
compelled to allow him to drink water at least.
Luckily we do not need to resort to such extreme measures in the
majority of cases. With the exclusive use of the proper bland, liquid
food, we usually attain the same results. In the treatment of gastric
ulcer I lay the main stress on the restriction and regulation of the
diet, and put the patient on an exclusive milk diet. Milk contains all
the constituents necessary for the nourishment of the human body.
I begin by giving every half hour to one hour a small quantity of
skimmed, boiled milk, which has been cooled on ice. The patient must
rest in bed or on a lounge, as he is weakened by the treatment, and can
not follow his usual avocation. I forbid all other articles of food.
With this diet a patient with ulcer should have no pain and usually
has none. Should there be pain it is necessary to find out whether the
feeling described as such be not simple oppression, or a feeling of
weight in the stomach. Some patients do not seem to digest milk well.
It ferments, forms gases and then they have this feeling of oppression.
Some drink the milk too fast and take too much at a time, swallowing a
lot of air with the milk, thus distending their stomachs unnecessarily.
The patient must be instructed to drink the milk slowly, and only take
a small quantity at a time (about one or two ounces). Some patients can
not stand iced milk but bear luke warm milk much better. Others seem to
prefer milk which has slightly soured.
The patients should adhere to this strict diet as long as possible,
regulating the length of time according to the duration and intensity
of the disease. They have to observe the above rules one or two weeks
at least, several weeks if possible.
Often you will meet with the reply: "I have already tried this diet,
I was put on milk diet once before by Dr. ---- and it did not help
me any, I even felt worse afterwards." If you inquire more closely,
however, you will find that they drank milk several times a day,
but ate bread with it, soaking this in the milk. This is what is
understood to be a milk cure. Gentlemen! I am sorry to say that this
misunderstanding is not confined to the general public, but that some
physicians even do not know better, and consider such a course of diet
a milk diet. I cannot impress it upon your minds any too strongly
not to allow yourselves to be diverted from your purpose by any such
assertions, but to order another course of milk diet, wherever you
find it indicated, and see to it that it is carried out properly this
time. You will thereby occasionally meet with excellent success where
a previous wrong attempt in the same direction failed.
After the patient has been free from pain from eight to ten days, I
then add to his diet soft boiled eggs with a slight addition of salt,
beginning on the first day with one half of an egg. If this is well
borne I gradually allow more day by day, until he is able to digest
four or five a day without difficulty. Eggs do not agree with some
patients. In such cases I pass on the use of meat. I have beefsteak
chopped fine, roasted in little meat cakes of the size of a silver half
dollar. One of these is given to begin with, and if well borne repeated
every two or three hours as long as there is no pain. When eggs agree
I prefer to give them for a few days before beginning with the meat,
waiting until such patients can digest four or five eggs a day. After
the meat has been borne well in small quantities for a while, I
gradually increase the quantity taken per day until it reach a pound or
two.
You cannot be too careful and should instruct the patient to return to
the strict milk diet as soon as any pain is felt, no matter how nicely
he may have been getting along up to the time. Not until the patient
has been entirely free from pain for several weeks is it advisable to
allow the use of cereals boiled in milk, such as rice or tapioca. Then
he can also be allowed to take a quarter of a biscuit (well baked) at
each meal. A full meal, however, in the sense in which it is ordinarily
understood, a large quantity of food taken at one time, is still to
be avoided. It is better to give small quantities of food oftener, in
order not to distend the stomach, and thus run the danger of too great
a strain upon the newly healed ulcer.
These meat cakes made of beef can be taken for a week or so, and then
if well borne other kinds of meat may be occasionally substituted.
_Wine and alcoholic liquors in general_ are to be avoided for several
months.
_Beer_ should never be taken by one who has suffered from gastric
ulcer. In fact it is well for all who have stomach trouble to avoid the
use of beer, especially such as have had ulcer. Such patients have to
be on their guard in matters of diet through the remainder of their
lives, and must avoid excesses both in eating and drinking. You will
occasionally come across persons who can not stand a milk diet in any
form whatever. They frequently do not bear eggs well. In such cases I
proceed at once, but with great care, to the use of meat in very small
quantities, finally chopped and roasted, and have it taken several
times a day. You will frequently have to try one article of food and
then another, and experiment for awhile before you reach that form of
diet which suits the case best.
There are a number of _substitutes_, some of which are really good,
while others are worthless. Of them all I prefer the fresh meat juice
_ext. carnis recent. pressum_, and have it prepared in the following
manner: The meat (beef should be used) is cut into thin slices, placed
between pieces of tissue paper, and pressed in a hydraulic press. The
juice thus obtained is given in teaspoon doses every half hour or so,
just as though it were medicine. In the majority of cases I have the
meat juice made by the druggist, so that a large number of the patients
think it is medicine. It has a rather pleasant taste and is well borne
by the stomach. There are a great many _peptones_ in the market, a
large number of which ought not to be used, as they are not fresh and
more likely to do harm than good. Of them all the English make is the
best, as it is usually well preserved, being packed dry.
Patients who can only take a small quantity of nourishment by the
stomach can be materially aided by the use of nutritious enemata given
luke warm once or twice a day. When the rectum is very irritable a
suppository containing one-half to one grain of ext. opii given a half
hour before the enema is very serviceable. There are a great many
_other remedies_ recommended in the text books, but I would advise you
not to rely too much on them. Lay your main stress on the dietetic
part of the treatment, and use remedies only where they are absolutely
necessary to support this. Among the remedies used the alkalies are the
most valuable. Bicarbonate of soda alone, or in combination with ext.
belladonna when the stomach is very irritable.
℞ Sod. Bicarb., ʒiss.
Ext. Belladon., gr ii. Misce et <DW37>. in pulv. XVI.
Sig. One in the morning and one in the evening.
Or I sometimes substitute atropia sulph. (1/120 gr. pro dosi) for the
belladonna. At any rate the use of alkalies is the most plausible
treatment. But the permanent alkalization of the contents of the
stomach by the frequent use of large doses of alkalies, as has been
recommended in Paris by Debove is not plausible, as by this the process
of digestion would be checked entirely.
It is also good to give a dose of Carlsbad salts in the morning every
two or three days, in order to correct the constipation usually
attendant upon such a course of diet. These salts also aid in rendering
the contents of the stomach more alkaline, and in this way aid the plan
spoken of before.
I do not think it advisable to send patients with gastric ulcers to
_health resorts_ or watering places. They can only regain their health
by a strict enforcement of dietetic measures, and these can be carried
out just as well at the patient's home as at the health resort. For
the treatment of such cases _after the ulcer_ has healed, these health
resorts can be of great benefit, but the patient must be cautioned not
to commit excesses in eating or drinking, especially to the latter must
their attention be called, as it is customary in most resorts adapted
to such cases, to drink large quantities of the medicated waters in the
morning. It is also well to caution the patients with regard to their
diet before sending them away. This should be unirritating, bland and
easily digestible. Among the European health resorts, Carlsbad is the
most suitable for such cases.
There are unfortunately some patients who are not benefited by any
method of treatment hitherto thought of, but luckily they are few, and
if you will follow the rules I have laid down you will in a great many
cases meet with splendid results.
One important question still remains to be answered, namely: "What
should be done in case of hemorrhage of the stomach?" Here the patient
must be left quiet just where he happens to be--placed in a horizontal
position on his back if possible. Ice bags should be applied to the
region of the stomach, small pieces of | 517.779759 |
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the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
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MOONSHINE & CLOVER
This selection of fairy-tales is reprinted from
the following original editions, now out of print:
_A Farm in Fairyland_ (1894)
_The House of Joy_ (1895)
_The Field of Clover_ (1898)
_The Blue Moon_ (1904)
[Illustration:
SHINE, MOON! GROW CLOVER!
WHEN MY DAY IS OVER. L.H.]
[Illustration: MOONSHINE & CLOVER
BY LAURENCE HOUSMAN
ENGRAVED BY CLEMENCE HOUSMAN
NEW YORK
HARCOURT, BRACE & COMPANY]
_Made and
Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld.,
London and Aylesbury._
CONTENTS
PAGE
THE PRINCE WITH THE NINE SORROWS 13
HOW LITTLE DUKE JARL SAVED THE CASTLE 27
A CAPFUL OF MOONSHINE 37
THE STORY OF THE HERONS 47
THE CROWN'S WARRANTY 70
ROCKING-HORSE LAND 83
JAPONEL 95
GAMMELYN, THE DRESSMAKER 103
THE FEEDING OF THE EMIGRANTS 113
WHITE BIRCH 119
THE LUCK OF THE ROSES 129
THE WHITE DOE 138
THE MOON-STROKE 153
THE GENTLE COCKATRICE 164
THE GREEN BIRD 177
THE MAN WHO KILLED THE CUCKOO 187
A CHINESE FAIRY-TALE 198
HAPPY RETURNS 211
THE PRINCE WITH THE NINE SORROWS
"Eight white peahens went down to the gate:
'Wait!' they said, 'little sister, wait!'
They covered her up with feathers so fine;
And none went out, when there went back nine."
A LONG time ago there lived a King and a Queen, who had an only son. As
soon as he was born his mother gave him to the forester's wife to be
nursed; for she herself had to wear her crown all day and had no time
for nursing. The forester's wife had just given birth to a little
daughter of her own; but she loved both children equally and nursed them
together like twins.
One night the Queen had a dream that made the half of her hair turn
grey. She dreamed that she saw the Prince her son at the age of twenty
lying dead with a wound over the place of his heart; and near him his
foster-sister was standing, with a royal crown on her head, and his
heart bleeding between her hands.
The next morning the Queen sent in great haste for the family Fairy, and
told her of the dream. The Fairy said, "This can have but one meaning,
and it is an evil one. There is some danger that threatens your son's
life in his twentieth year, and his foster-sister is to be the cause of
it; also, it seems she is to make herself Queen. But leave her to me,
and I will avert the evil chance; for the dream coming beforehand shows
that the Fates mean that he should be saved."
The Queen said, "Do anything; only do not destroy the forester's wife's
child, for, as yet at least, she has done no wrong. Let her only be
carried away to a safe place and made secure and treated well. I will
not have my son's happiness grow out of another one's grave."
The Fairy said, "Nothing is so safe as a grave when the Fates are about.
Still, I think I can make everything quite safe within reason, and leave
you a clean as well as a quiet conscience."
The little Prince and the forester's daughter grew up together till they
were a year old; then, one day, when their nurse came to look for them,
the Prince was found, but his foster-sister was lost; and though the
search for her was long, she was never seen again, nor could any trace
of her be found.
The baby Prince pined and pined, and was so sorrowful over her loss that
they feared for a time that he was going to die. But his foster-mother,
in spite of her grief over her own child's disappearance, nursed him so
well and loved him so much that after a while he recovered his strength.
Then the forester's wife gave birth to another daughter, as if to
console herself for the loss of the first. But the same night that the
child was born the Queen had just the same dream over again. She dreamed
that she saw her son lying dead at the age of twenty; and there was the
wound in his breast, and the forester's daughter was standing by with
his heart in her hand and a royal crown upon her head.
The poor Queen's hair had gone quite white when she sent again for the
family Fairy, and told her how the dream had repeated itself. The Fairy
gave her the same advice as before, quieting her fears, and assuring her
that however persistent the Fates might be in threatening the Prince's
life, all in the end should be well.
Before another year was passed the second of the forester's daughters
had disappeared; and the Prince and his foster-mother cried themselves
ill over a loss that had been so cruelly renewed. The Queen, seeing how
great were the sorrow and the love that the Prince bore for his
foster-sisters, began to doubt in her heart and say, "What have I done?
Have I saved my son's life by taking away his heart?"
Now every year the same thing took place, the forester's wife giving
birth to a daughter, and the Queen on the same night having the same
fearful dream of the fate that threatened her son in his twentieth year;
and afterwards the family Fairy would come, and then one day the
forester's wife's child would disappear, and be heard of no more.
At last when nine daughters in all had been born to the forester's wife
and lost to her when they were but a year old, the Queen fell very ill.
Every day she grew weaker and weaker, and the little Prince came and sat
by her, holding her hand and looking at her with a sorrowful face. At
last one night (it was just a year after the last of the forester's
children had disappeared) she woke suddenly, stretching out her arms
and crying. "Oh, Fairy," she cried, "the dream, the dream!" And covering
her face with her hands, she died.
The little Prince was now more than ten years old, and the very saddest
of mortals. He said that there were nine sorrows hidden in his heart, of
which he could not get rid; and that at night, when all the birds went
home to roost, he heard cries of lamentation and pain; but whether these
came from very far away, or out of his own heart he could not tell.
Yet he grew slenderly and well, and had such grace and tenderness in his
nature that all who saw him loved him. His foster-mother, when he spoke
to her of his nine sorrows, tried to comfort him, calling him her own
nine joys; and, indeed, he was all the joy left in life for her.
When the Prince neared his twentieth year, the King his father felt that
he himself was becoming old and weary of life. "I shall not live much
longer," he thought: "very soon my son will be left alone in the world.
It is right, therefore, now that he should know of the danger ahead that
threatens his life." For till then the Prince had not known anything;
all had been kept a secret between the Queen and the King and the family
Fairy.
The old King knew of the Prince's nine sorrows, and often he tried to
believe that they came by chance, and had nothing to do with the secret
that sat at the root of his son's life. But now he feared more and more
to tell the Prince the story of those nine dreams, lest the knowledge
should indeed serve but as the crowning point of his sorrows, and
altogether break his heart for him.
Yet there was so much danger in leaving the thing untold that at last he
summoned the Prince to his bedside, meaning to tell him all. The King
had worn himself so ill with anxiety and grief in thinking over the
matter, that now to tell all was the only means of saving his life.
The Prince came and knelt down, and leaned his head on his father's
pillow; and the King whispered into his ear the story of the dreams, and
of how for his sake all the Prince's foster-sisters had been spirited
away.
Before his tale was done he could no longer bear to look into his son's
face, but closed his eyes, and, with long silences between, spoke as one
who prayed.
When he had ended he lay quite still, and the Prince kissed his closed
eyelids and went softly out of the room.
"Now I know," he said to himself; "now at last!" And he came through the
wood and knocked at his foster-mother's door. "Other mother," he said to
her, "give me a kiss for each of my sisters, for now I am going out into
the world to find them, to be rid of the sorrows in my heart."
"They can never be found!" she cried, but she kissed him nine times.
"And this," she said, "was Monica, and this was Ponica, and this was
Veronica," and so she went over every name. "But now they are only
names!" she wept, as she let him go.
He went along, and he went along, mile after mile. "Where may you be
going to, fair sir?" asked an old peasant, at whose cabin the Prince
sought shelter when night came to the first day of his wanderings.
"Truly," answered the Prince, "I do not know how far or whither I need
to go; but I have a finger-post in my heart that keeps pointing me."
So that night he stayed there, and the next day he went on.
"Where to so fast?" asked a woodcutter when the second night found him
in the thickest and loneliest parts of the forest. "Here the night is so
dark and the way so dangerous, one like you should not go alone."
"Nay, I know nothing," said the Prince, "only I feel like a weather-cock
in a wind that keeps turning me to its will!"
After many days he came to a small long valley rich in woods and
water-courses, but no road ran through it. More and more it seemed like
the world's end, a place unknown, or forgotten of its old inhabitants.
Just at the end of the valley, where the woods opened into clear <DW72>s
and hollows towards the west, he saw before him, low and overgrown, the
walls of a little tumble-down grange. "There," he said to himself when
he saw it, "I can find shelter for to-night. Never have I felt so tired
before, or such a pain at my heart!"
Before long he came to a little gate, and a winding path that led in
among lawns and trees to the door of an old house. The house seemed as
if it had been once lived in, but there was no sign of any life about
it now. He pushed open the door, and suddenly there was a sharp rustling
of feathers, and nine white peahens rose up from the ground and flew out
of the window into the garden.
The Prince searched the whole house over, and found it a mere ruin; the
only signs of life to be seen were the white feathers that lifted and
blew about over the floors.
Outside, the garden was gathering itself together in the dusk, and the
peahens were stepping daintily about the lawns, picking here and there
between the blades of grass. They seemed to suit the gentle sadness of
the place, which had an air of grief that has grown at ease with itself.
The Prince went out into the garden, and walked about among the quietly
stepping birds; but they took no heed of him. They came picking up their
food between his very feet, as though he were not there. Silence held
all the air, and in the cleft of the valley the day drooped to its end.
Just before it grew dark, the nine white peahens gathered together at
the foot of a great elm, and lifting up their throats they wailed in
chorus. Their lamentable cry touched the Prince's heart; "Where," he
asked himself, "have I heard such sorrow before?" Then all with one
accord the birds sprang rustling up to the lowest boughs of the elm, and
settled themselves to roost.
The Prince went back to the house, to find some corner amid its
half-ruined rooms to sleep in. But there the air was close, and an
unpleasant smell of moisture came from the floor and walls: so, the
night being warm, he returned to the garden, and folding himself in his
cloak lay down under the tree where the | 517.782276 |
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produced from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
HISTORY
OF THE
DEWITT GUARD,
COMPANY A,
50th Regiment National Guard,
STATE OF NEW YORK.
PUBLISHED BY THE COMPANY.
ITHACA, N. Y.:
ANDRUS, McCHAIN & CO., STEAM PRINTERS.
1866.
PREFACE.
Our object in giving to the public a full, true, and concise history of
Company A, 50th Regiment National Guard, State of New York, better known
to the citizens of Ithaca as the DeWitt Guard, is to show as honorable a
record as can be produced by any similar organization--so far as the
membership of this Company was connected with the army and navy of the
United States during the late rebellion. We shall show that the total
membership of the Company from the time of its organization, in
December, 1851, to the present time, has been two hundred and two, of
which eighty-two served either in the army or navy during the war
against eighty-eight who did not; twenty-nine names appear on the
Company roll, of whom it is not known to the writer whether they were or
were not in the army, and nine who died previous to the war. We have
undertaken a brief personal history to each, which we believe will be
interesting to the reader.
We also wish to show that the Company has been, from the time of its
organization to the present, a self-supporting and self-sustaining
institution, until recently receiving nothing from the State but arms,
and that the individual members have contributed the sum of two thousand
seven hundred and twenty dollars and fifty-six cents, to which amount
should be added a liberal percentage for disbursements which do not
appear on Company records.
We propose to give the name of each member of the DeWitt Guard from its
organization, the date of his enlistment, his profession, with such
incidents as we think will be of interest to the reader, after which we
shall give the history of the Company collectively. There may be those
who have belonged to the Company whose names will not appear in these
pages. This must be attributed to the fact of their not signing the
muster-roll of the Company, as every name there recorded is introduced
in the following history.
HISTORY.
ARCH. H. MCNEIL, Merchant, enlisted November 5th, 1851. At the first
election of company officers McNeil was chosen second Lieutenant, which
position he honorably and creditably filled to the time of his death,
which occurred November 28th, 1855. To Lieutenant McNeil the Company
were much indebted. To him more than any other one man, belonged the
credit of organizing the Company.
He was loved, respected, and honored by both officers and men, and his
death caused a breach not easily repaired. Upon receiving intelligence
of his death, the Company were immediately called together and the
following resolutions unanimously adopted:
_Resolved_, That in the death of Lieutenant A. H. McNeil the
members of this Company have not only lost a commissioned
officer in whom a zealous, lively and effective interest for the
welfare of the Company always prevailed, but an officer whose
military bearing commanded our respect, and a fellow soldier
whose conduct and kindness has merited and won our esteem. That
we deeply feel his loss, and mourn his untimely departure from
our midst,
_Resolved_, That we tender to the widow and relatives of our
deceased officer our sincere condolence in this their great
affliction.
_Resolved_, That we accompany the remains of our late officer to
the depot on the morrow, and that a delegation of seven men
accompany his remains to the city of Auburn as an escort and
attend his funeral.
_Resolved_, That on all parades we will wear the usual badge of
mourning for one year.
At a special meeting held on the return from Auburn of the escort which
accompanied the remains of Lieut. A. H. McNeil, and after hearing the
report of the officer commanding said escort, the following preamble and
resolutions were unanimously adopted:
WHEREAS, An escort from this Company having been delegated to
accompany and perform the last sad duties over the remains of
our esteemed friend, Lieut. A. H. McNeil, at Auburn, and while
there having met with reception and attention which ever
characterize the true and tried friend and soldier, be it
therefore
_Resolved_, That to General Segoin and Colonel Jenkins, and
their respective staffs, to the Auburn City Guard, Willard
Guard, and to the delegation from other Companies, we as a
Company return them our sincere and heartfelt thanks for the
manner in which they cared for them, and the kindness with which
they were every where greeted by them while there, and in the
admirable arrangements for the funeral made at such short
notice, and for the cheerful and handsome manner in which they
were carried out; gratified as we are, words can only attempt a
description of our feelings of the manner in which they
alleviated our sorrows in the burial of our dead. And although
the deceased had not resided among them for years, yet like us
they appreciated his many virtues and remembered his uniform
kindness to all, and when they but learned of his decease, their
tears mingled with ours at our irreparable loss.
_Resolved_, That in future, should it be possible for us to
repay them in any manner that it will be forthcoming, feeling,
as we do, that no sacrifice will be too great in attempting a
return of their kindness in the hour of our affliction, and as
individuals, as citizens and as soldiers, we hope that the
choicest of Heaven's blessings may be theirs, and that their
respective staffs and Companies may ever meet with prosperity.
GEORGE H. COLLINS, Merchant, enlisted November 5th, 1851. Mr. Collins
was permitted to serve but a short time as a member of the Company, as
he was selected by the Colonel and commissioned Adjutant of the
Regiment, which position he held for many years. Changing his residence
to the city of New York, his connection with the 50th Regiment was
dissolved.
BEN. B. WILCOX, Hotel keeper, enlisted November 5th, 1851. Served with
the Company but a short time; removed to Owego; was for a time
proprietor of the Ah-Wa-Ga House, but more recently of a hotel at
Saratoga Springs.
WILLIAM M. SMITH, Brewer, enlisted November 5th, 1851. Served but a
short time.
H. F. RANDOLPH, Shoe Merchant, enlisted November 5th, 1851. Mr. Randolph
had more than served his time, and reached the rank of Captain, in the
old militia before joining this organization. He was an officer of no
common attainments--prompt, active and generous. The interest he had
always manifested, and now felt, in military matters, compelled him to
join this new enterprise; he enlisted as a private, and is to this day
an honorary member of the Company. He has accompanied them on many an
excursion, and is always invested with the command of the honorary
members. The Captain has now attained the age of sixty-three years, and
is still as smart, hale and hearty as a lad of sixteen.
J. C. MCWHORTER, Merchant, enlisted November 5th, 1851. Remained but a
short time with the Company, but the soul-stirring strains of music, as
rendered by him on the snare drum while he was a member, will long be
remembered by those associated with him during his short military
experience.
FRED. S. LAMOUREUX, Musician, enlisted November 5th, 1851. Was a very
valuable member for a very short time; for while resting from the
fatigue of drill, Lamoureux always furnished the music for the _light
foot_ portion of the Company.
WILLIAM S. ALLEN, Carpenter, enlisted November 6th, 1851. Was a faithful
and exemplary member for a few years, and undoubtedly his connection
with this Company gave him the position he has honorably filled since
his removal from us--that of policeman in New York city. He was
consequently transferred as Sergeant from this Company to Sergeant of
police in that city.
K. MORRIS, Clothing Merchant, enlisted November 7th, 1851. Served but a
short time.
S. NEWMARK, Clothing Merchant, enlisted November 10th, 1851. Served
faithfully for a short time and was granted an honorable discharge.
J. G. CONRAD, Clerk, enlisted November 8th, 1851. Mr. Conrad faithfully
performed the duties of a member of this Company for a short time.
L. R. KING, Merchant, enlisted November 9th, 1851. At the time of the
organization of the Company, Mr. King was elected fourth Sergeant, and
by promotion filled each office up to first Lieutenant, and was in
command of the Company for some time. Lieutenant King, by his kind and
pleasing way, and the interest he ever manifested in the welfare of the
Company, commanded the respect and admiration of every man who served
under him. He held the commission of first Lieutenant from May 28th,
1856, to August 25th, 1862. Upon his resignation being accepted, he was
voted an honorary membership for life. He is one of the enterprising
firm of Treman, King & Co., large manufacturers. We believe that Mr.
King can look back upon the years spent in the DeWitt Guard as not
altogether unprofitable.
W. B. HATFIELD, Clerk, enlisted November 15th, 1851. Mr. Hatfield was a
good soldier; was in the employ of L. H. Culver, Esq.; retained his
connection with the Company and his employer until his removal to the
West.
SPENCE SPENCER, Book Merchant, enlisted November 15th, 1851. Retained
his membership but a short time, but with the liberality which was
always a prominent characteristic of Mr. Spencer, he donated to the
Company a complete uniform, which is the first recorded gift made to
the DeWitt Guard. He is still a citizen of Ithaca, and has of late
attached no small degree of honor to his name by publishing the book
entitled, "The Scenery of Ithaca."
L. MILLSPAUGH, dealer in Harness, Trunks, &c., enlisted November 15th,
1851. Mr. Millspaugh was an old soldier before joining this Company,
having held the commission of Lieut. Colonel in the old militia, issued
by Gov. Seward in 1842; but feeling a deep interest in the organization
of a new Company, enlisted as a private. On the 29th day of January,
1852, he was elected first Corporal, which position he held but a short
time, as he was gradually promoted until he had filled nearly all the
grades of non-commissioned offices. He always declined accepting a
commission, and when it seemed to be the unanimous wish of the Company,
his prompt reply was "No." He continued an invaluable member until long
after he had served his time, (seven years,) when he was granted an
honorable discharge. Our friend, by his emphatic "No," has not been as
successful, however, in a political way, he having repeatedly been
called to fill civil offices of honor and trust; and by his being
re-elected to most of the offices he has held, is in itself sufficient
to show his standing in the community in which he lives. Whether all
this would have been so, had he never joined the DeWitt Guard, we leave
for a discriminating public to judge.
J. B. TERRY, Merchant, enlisted November 15th, 1851. Mr. Terry filled
the office of Secretary of the Company for the first two years of its
existence. He was a good soldier, an exemplary and respected citizen,
and the community generally mourned his loss when he was removed by
death.
JEROME ROWE, Lawyer, enlisted November 18th, 1851. Some unhappy
misunderstanding caused the withdrawal of Mr. Rowe from the Company
during the early part of its history. He was untiring in his endeavors
to establish the organization, and the same energy and devotion which he
displayed at that time, has followed him thus far through life. He
filled the office of Special County Judge of Tompkins County, with honor
to himself and perfect satisfaction to the people. He entered the army
of the United States April 1st, 1861, was commissioned Captain of
Company A, 32d New York volunteers, same date, and served as such one
year.
HUGH MCDONALD, enlisted November 18th, 1851. Was elected Orderly
Sergeant Dec. 31st of the same year, which position he filled as long as
he was a resident of the village. McDonald was a soldier of much
experience, having served in the Mexican war, where he became perfectly
familiar with the duties pertaining to the soldier in the field. As a
drill-master he was not excelled, and under his instruction the Company
soon became very proficient in the manual of arms, and school of the
soldier and Company. At the outbreak of the Rebellion he enlisted in a
Pennsylvania Regiment, was very soon promoted to Captain, and again to
Major. We should be glad to give a full history of his life through the
war, but have been unable to obtain it. This much we can say, he was a
patriotic citizen, a true soldier, and a faithful officer.
N. H. CURTIS, Upholsterer, enlisted November 19th, 1851. Was long
connected with the Company; filled the posts of Corporal and Sergeant.
After a long residence in our village, he removed to the West, where he
survived but a few years.
DANIEL PLACE, Jeweler, enlisted November ---- 1851. Mr. Place joined the
Company in order that the number required by law might be secured, so as
to enable them to proceed with the election of officers. He never served
as an active member.
LUCIUS F. PEASE, Painter, enlisted November 20th, 1851. Mr. Pease well
and faithfully performed the duties required of him as a member of the
DeWitt Guard for the full term of his enlistment, (seven years,) and was
granted an honorable discharge. He is still living in Ithaca, an
industrious mechanic, and a good citizen.
CHRISTOPHER WHALEY, Druggist, enlisted November 21, 1851. Was discharged
on Surgeon's certificate soon after his enlistment.
WILLIAM GLENNY, Clerk, enlisted November 21st, 1851. December 31st was
elected fourth Corporal; March 3d, 1853, was elected Secretary, which
office he most creditably filled, as the records of the Company show, up
to January, 1857; was elected fourth Sergeant Jan. 14th, 1857; May 17th,
1861, second Sergeant, which office he held at the time of his
enlistment in the United States army.
The subject of this sketch reflects great credit upon the Company to
which he formerly belonged, and in the perilous hour honored his
constituency, as well as himself, to a degree unparalleled in the
history of the Rebellion. Having in his former life been a warm and
ardent supporter of the inalienable rights of man, and an exponent of a
free government, the first attempt by traitors to destroy its fair
fabric, bought by the blood of our fathers, and to trample under foot
the time-honored and beloved emblem of our free and independent
nationality, so enraged his sense of right and justice, that he at once
expressed his determination to fulfill his public declarations to the
effect, that when traitors should thrust the bayonet at the nation's
life, he would be found among those who were willing to peril their
lives in its defence.
Being met with opposition and the remonstrance of friends, that there
were single men, and those more inured to hardship, sufficient for the
emergency, whose duty it was to go first, his plans were for a time
delayed, and until a second or third reverse of our arms, when he could
no longer be restrained, went earnestly at work, and by his persistent
efforts succeeded in raising a sufficient number of volunteers for the
basis of a Company; which, by authority of the commandant of the Elmira
rendezvous, in accordance with orders from the Adjutant General of the
State, was organized at Ithaca Sept. 10th, 1861, and by him conducted to
Elmira, where, by a unanimous vote of the Company, he was elected its
Captain, and so commissioned by Gov. Seymour, commission bearing date
Sept. 13th, 1861.
Captain Glenny then went earnestly at work and recruited his Company to
the minimum standard, and by vote of its members united its destinies
with the 64th Regiment N. Y. Volunteers, commanded by Col. Thomas J.
Parker.
On the 10th of December the Regiment moved to Washington, and a month
later crossed the Potomac and camped with the main army three miles west
of Alexandria, and was brigaded under General O. O. Howard, who
commanded the first Brigade, first Division, second Corps. Early in the
spring of 1862, the Brigade moved one week in advance of the main army
for the purpose of repairing the Orange & Alexandria Railroad. A short
distance beyond Fairfax Station signs of the enemy were discovered, and
for safety to the command, two Companies from the 64th, under command of
Captain Glenny, (his own being one of the number) were sent some
considerable distance to the front as an extreme outpost. Here the first
blood of the opening campaign was drawn by shooting a rebel scout by one
of Captain Glenny's men.
The main army soon after advanced to the famous fields of Manassas, but
only to find the enemy beating a hasty retreat, leaving every
conceivable ruin in their track.
At this juncture the army changed its base to the Peninsula and
Chickahominy swamps, where, after the siege of Yorktown, and on the
first of June, was fought the terrific battle of Fair Oaks, in which
Captain Glenny, while leading his men in a charge, received a wound,
which, for a time, was thought to be mortal, a minnie ball passing
through his left shoulder.
In about two months he again returned to his command, but so disabled
that he was detached on recruiting service and stationed at Elmira;
after which he returned to the army, and after nearly another year's
campaign, was, in accordance with orders, again detached at Elmira on
service connected with the draft. After being relieved from this duty,
he rejoined his command, with which he served until the close of the
war.
Owing to circumstances beyond his control, he served near two and a half
years as Captain without promotion, after which in rapid succession he
received the different grades of Major, Lieut. Colonel and Colonel, but
was unable to muster into the latter grade by reason of insufficiency of
numbers in the Regiment. This was, however, in part recompensed for, as
after the smoke of battle and the clash of arms had ceased, and honors
were conferred upon "whom honor was due," Captain Glenny had two grades
by brevet conferred upon him by the President, that of Brevet Colonel
and Brevet Brigadier General, for gallant and meritorious
services--honors which he modestly and unassumingly wears, but of which
he may justly be proud.
From the time of his entry into the service until the close of the war,
near four years, (except while suffering from wounds and on detached
service,) General Glenny fought traitors with unrelenting fidelity to
principle and the inalienable rights of man.
The number of decisive battles of which he may claim to be hero, and in
which he had the honor to bare his breast to the bayonet and bullet, are
twenty-two; six of them being bayonet charges and direct assaults upon
the enemy and their fortifications. Among the principal of these battles
may be placed Fair Oaks, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Po River,
Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Deep Bottom, Petersburg,
Gravelly Run, Southside Road, Farmville, Reams Station, &c. The Regiment
fought in upwards of thirty-three. General Glenny's superior officers
being wounded, he was invested with the command of the Regiment on the
battle-field of Spottsylvania, which command he retained until the close
of the war, except at different periods, by seniority of rank, he
commanded a Brigade. At the battle of Ream's Station he took command of
the Brigade which he retained for some considerable time, as so fierce
had been the campaign that but one other field officer was left for duty
in the Brigade comprising seven Regiments. Had we time and space, many
acts of personal bravery and valorous deeds might be accredited to this
officer during his brief career of warfare, as owing to his known
integrity of character and ability, superior officers frequently
selected him to fill posts of great danger.
General Glenny's command has the honor of being the first infantry
troops upon the Southside Railroad, also of making the last charge upon
the enemy at Farmville, April 7th, 1865.
Two or three circumstances of peculiar interest, showing the morals of
this officer, may not be inappropriate, and in a degree indicate his
decision of character and fidelity to his untarnished reputation and
walks of private life.
In the latter part of May, 1862, and just prior to the battle of Fair
Oaks, by orders of General McClellan, the first ration of whiskey was
issued to the troops. This being incompatible with the principles of
General Glenny, he at once called his men in line, and stated that he
believed the new element just introduced in the army was destructive of
its best interests, prejudicial to its health, efficiency and
discipline, and rather than stultify his conscience by being responsible
for its issue, he would suffer himself to be cashiered for disobedience
of orders. His position having been defined, the question was submitted
to the Company, which, by a unanimous vote, rejected the whiskey. During
the day General Howard, who by some means had become acquainted with the
facts, at once dispatched one of his aids with a book, his compliments
and a message, to General Glenny, to the effect that he was the only
officer in the Brigade who had taken that position, and was gratified to
know he had one under his command who had sufficient moral courage to
take so exalted a stand.
At Chancellorsville, where the Union army met with temporary defeat,
this Regiment made one of the most gallant stands of any during the war.
It held its position and repulsed five successive charges made by the
enemy under cover of their artillery. The enemy, a few minutes later,
succeeded in turning the right of our lines, when orders were sent to
General Glenny to withdraw his men immediately, which he did
successfully under a galling fire, and just as the enemy were closing in
upon him from front and rear in the form of a pair of shears.
Again at Po River, the Regiment was hastily thrown out as a skirmish
line. Owing to emergencies the main army were obliged to change position
so suddenly, that there was no time to withdraw or notify the skirmish
line of their perilous position; and the only alternative was to leave
them to their fate. It was not until some two hours later, when
mistrusting all was not right, and finding the main army had left the
position a few hours previously taken up, it was decided at once to make
desperate efforts to extricate the Regiment, which was found to be
surrounded on three sides, and the fourth fast closing in, which was
accomplished with but slight loss. This was a prominent trait in General
Glenny's character, to always hazard life rather than be a prisoner in
the hands of traitors, whom he looked upon with contempt and scorn.
In the last charge made by the Regiment, or any of the army, at
Farmville, April 7th, 1865, General Glenny lost fourteen men, and one
officer of the rank of Captain. The latter finding himself mortally
wounded, and having been rather a reckless young man, at once became
alarmed with reference to his future state. While lying on the field, he
called General Glenny, (then Colonel,) took him by the hand, and as soon
as he could gather sufficient strength to speak, says, "Colonel, can you
pray?" When answered in the affirmative he said, "I have got to die and
am unprepared." In compliance with his request, General Glenny knelt by
his side in prayer; but as missiles of death were flying on every hand,
and the enemy opening an increasing fire, which required him to watch as
well as pray, and to attend to the living as well as the dying, he at
once ordered the Captain carried to the rear, where he soon died,
leaving good evidence that he had found spiritual relief.
This was the closing drama of the war, as two days after General Lee
surrendered the rebel army of Northern Virginia to General Grant. The
Union army soon after returned to Washington and vicinity, where, by
different commands, they were mustered out of service. The 64th
proceeded to Elmira, where it received final pay and discharge July
24th, 1865. Thus ended near four years of warfare with General Glenny;
he being the only officer who went out as such who returned with the
Regiment.
The General is now engaged in the mercantile trade, and located in the
store formerly occupied by John Kendall, Esq., and is carrying on a very
successful and profitable trade.
STEPHEN BREWER, Saddles, Harness, &c., enlisted November 21st, 1851. Mr.
Brewer was a good soldier; his membership with the Company was soon
dissolved by his removal to Cortland village, where, like his
professional brother Millspaugh, he has held many offices of trust and
honor, among which was County Judge of Cortland county.
F. K. ANDRUS, Bookseller, &c., enlisted November 21st, 1851. Mr. Andrus
has answered to his name as fourth, third, second and first Corporal,
and fifth, fourth, third and second Sergeants. Was one of the most
active members of the Company during the whole seven years, and over, of
his membership. We find but very few meetings or drills of the Company
that he is not marked present. He was a thorough soldier, never
satisfied with half knowing how. His motto was, "Excelsior." No member
who served while Sergeant Andrus was connected with the Company, will
ever forget him; always good-natured and cheerful, inclined to look on
the bright and never on the dark side of the picture; and during times
in the history of the Company, when many were despondent, and the future
looked any thing but encouraging, he was always with a cheerful heart
and a ready hand, willing to contribute in whatever way was necessary to
raise the standard of the Company; and we believe whatever he undertook
he succeeded in accomplishing. Mr. Andrus is now one of the firm of
Andrus, McChain & Co., probably the largest Paper Manufacturers in
Western New York; and very many of our citizens and distinguished
visitors from abroad, can testify to his politeness and urbanity in
showing them through their large manufactory at Fall Creek.
CHARLES CLAPP, Painter, enlisted November 21st, 1851. Mr. Clapp, at his
own request, was granted a discharge soon after his enlistment. His
military ardor was in no degree dampened, however, as will be seen from
the following: He enlisted in the United States army December 30th,
1863, in Company M, 21st New York Cavalry, in which he served eighteen
months; was engaged in the battle of New Market, and in the reserve at
Cedar Creek. Mr. Clapp also had two sons in the army. He was
particularly distinguished for his Good Samaritan kindness, as many of
his comrades can testify. Having some knowledge of medicine, he imparted
the all-healing balm to those about him who were sick or wounded.
E. C. FULLER, Painter, enlisted November 21st, 1851. He filled the
offices of Corporal and Sergeant; was a good soldier, a faithful
officer, and a skilled artisan.
WILLIAM V. BRUYN, Lawyer, enlisted November 21st, 1851. Immediately upon
his joining the Company he was elected first Lieutenant, which
commission he held until his removal to Syracuse. He was a man of
talents and fine accomplishments, which, combined with his gentlemanly
bearing, made an officer of which the Company were at all times proud.
He was once District Attorney of Tompkins county, and is now engaged in
his profession in the city of Syracuse, where he meets with that success
he so richly merits.
LOREN DAY, wholesale Liquor dealer, enlisted November 21st, 1851. Mr.
Day, we believe, never served as a member but a short time, if at all.
His connection, however, with this or any other institution, would be an
honor to it. He is one of the most quiet, still one of the best,
citizens of our village. He has been very successful in business, which
may be credited to his strict attention and uncompromising honesty.
WILLIAM M. CULVER, dealer in Hats, Caps and Furs, enlisted November 22d,
1851. Served but a short time, a worthy member, and was honorably
discharged. He is still successfully engaged in the above business.
THEODORE A. HANMER, Clerk, enlisted November 24th, 1851. Very soon after
enlistment he removed to a Southern State, where he still resides.
PHILIP J. PARTENHEIMER, Cashier Tompkins County Bank, enlisted November
25th, 1851. We often hear it said there is no man but has his enemies;
this may be the rule, we will produce the exception.
At the first election of Company A, held in December, 1851, Mr.
Partenheimer was unanimously elected their Captain, which commission he
held until August 25th, 1862--over ten years. Nearly two hundred men
served under him while Captain of this Company, by each of which he was
not only respected and honored as their commanding officer, but as a
citizen and gentleman. Few officers ever had the confidence, respect and
esteem of his command as did Captain Partenheimer. Very likely some were
at times dissatisfied with his rulings; soon, however, his sound
judgment was apparent, and his decisions perfectly satisfactory to all.
When necessary he was stern, but always kind and forgiving. When he gave
a command, his men knew it must be promptly and correctly executed. His
generosity was only exceeded (so far as his Company was concerned) by
his desire to have his gifts unknown to the members or others, and if it
could be known how much he had paid for the use and improvement of his
Company, a very considerable sum could be added to the amount of
disbursements spoken of in the preface of this record.
Captain Partenheimer's first business engagement was with S. B. Munn,
Jr., of this village. His clerkship was of short duration, however, as
his superior talent as an accountant was soon displayed, and he made his
second engagement with the Tompkins County Bank as book-keeper. With
this situation the same remarks are applicable as to the clerkship; he
was soon promoted to the position of Teller of the same institution, and
later to Cashier, which office he still holds. His various and rapid
promotions in the Bank were not equal, however, to the demands made upon
him by his fellow citizens. To show his popularity, we mention some of
the civil offices he has filled: Town Clerk, Notary Public, Trustee of
the village, President of same repeatedly, Chief Engineer of the Fire
Department for many years in succession, and also served his town in
the Board of Supervisors of Tompkins county. Each of the above mentioned
offices he has filled with honor to himself, and for us to say with
satisfaction to the people, would be superfluous. It is worthy of note,
that Captain Partenheimer never was ambitious for office; that all the
offices he has filled, both civil and military, have been thrust upon
him; and it is proverbial in his case, that he has in the most positive
and peremptory manner, declined many honors that the community have
endeavored to heap upon him. He is, most emphatically, a self-made man;
and to his own personal exertions the public are indebted | 517.782451 |
2023-11-16 18:25:44.0601340 | 1,018 | 6 |
Produced by William Flis and the Online Distributed Proofreaders Team
ICE CREAMS, WATER ICES, FROZEN PUDDINGS
TOGETHER WITH REFRESHMENTS FOR ALL SOCIAL AFFAIRS
By Mrs. S. T. Rorer
Author of Mrs. Rorer's New Cook Book, Philadelphia Cook Book, Canning and
Preserving, and other Valuable Works on Cookery
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
PHILADELPHIA ICE CREAMS
NEAPOLITAN ICE CREAMS
ICE CREAMS FROM CONDENSED MILK
FROZEN PUDDINGS AND DESSERTS
WATER ICES AND SHERBETS OR SORBETS
FROZEN FRUITS
FRAPPE
PARFAIT
MOUSSE
SAUCES FOR ICE CREAMS
REFRESHMENTS FOR AFFAIRS
Soups
Sweetbreads
Shell Fish Dishes
Poultry and Game Dishes
Cold Dishes
Salads
Sandwiches
SUGGESTIONS FOR CHURCH SUPPERS
FOREWORD CONTAINING GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR ALL RECIPES
In this book, Philadelphia Ice Creams, comprising the first group, are
very palatable, but expensive. In many parts of the country it is quite
difficult to get good cream. For that reason, I have given a group of
creams, using part milk and part cream, but it must be remembered that
it takes smart "juggling" to make ice cream from milk. By far better use
condensed milk, with enough water or milk to rinse out the cans.
Ordinary fruit creams may be made with condensed milk at a cost of about
fifteen cents a quart, which, of course, is cheaper than ordinary milk and
cream.
In places where neither cream nor condensed milk can be purchased, a fair
ice cream is made by adding two tablespoonfuls of olive oil to each quart
of milk. The cream for Philadelphia Ice Cream should be rather rich, but
not double cream.
If pure raw cream is stirred rapidly, it swells and becomes frothy, like
the beaten whites of eggs, and is "whipped cream." To prevent this in
making Philadelphia Ice Cream, one-half the cream is scalded, and when it
is _very_ cold, the remaining half of raw cream is added. This gives the
smooth, light and rich consistency which makes these creams so different
from others.
USE OF FRUITS
Use fresh fruits in the summer and the best canned unsweetened fruits in
the winter. If sweetened fruits must be used, cut down the given quantity
of sugar. Where acid fruits are used, they should be added to the cream
after it is partly frozen.
TIME FOR FREEZING
The time for freezing varies according to the quality of cream or milk or
water; water ices require a longer time than ice creams. It is not well to
freeze the mixtures too rapidly; they are apt to be coarse, not smooth, and
if they are churned before the mixture is icy cold they will be greasy or
"buttery."
The average time for freezing two quarts of cream should be ten minutes; it
takes but a minute or two longer for larger quantities.
DIRECTIONS FOR FREEZING
Pound the ice in a large bag with a mallet, or use an ordinary ice shaver.
The finer the ice, the less time it takes to freeze the cream. A four quart
freezer will require ten pounds of ice, and a quart and a pint of coarse
rock salt. You may pack the freezer with a layer of ice three inches thick,
then a layer of salt one inch thick, or mix the ice and salt in the tub and
shovel it around the freezer. Before beginning to pack the freezer, turn
the crank to see that all the machinery is in working order. Then open the
can and turn in the mixture that is to be frozen. Turn the crank slowly and
steadily until the mixture begins to freeze, then more rapidly until it is
completely frozen. If the freezer is properly packed, it will take fifteen
minutes to freeze the mixture. Philadelphia Ice Creams are not good if
frozen too quickly.
TO REPACK
After the cream is frozen, wipe off the lid of the can and remove the
crank; take off the lid, being very careful not to allow any salt to fall
into the can. Remove the dasher and scrape it off. Take a large knife or
steel spatula, scrape the cream from the sides of the can, work and pack
it down until it is perfectly smooth. Put the lid back on the can, and put
a cork in the hole from which the dasher | 520.080174 |
2023-11-16 18:25:44.0612060 | 2,488 | 20 |
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page images generously made available by the Kentuckiana Digital Library
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Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
file which includes the original illustrations.
See 20849-h.htm or 20849-h.zip:
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Images of the original pages are available through the
Kentuckiana Digital Library. See
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THE BIG BROTHER
A Story of Indian War
by
GEORGE CARY EGGLESTON
Author of "How to Educate Yourself," Etc.
Illustrated
[Illustration: THE DOG CHARGE.]
New York
G. P. Putnam's Sons
Fourth Avenue and Twenty-Third Street
1875.
Copyright.
G. P. Putnam's Sons.
1875.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
Page.
SINQUEFIELD 7
CHAPTER II.
THE STORMING OF SINQUEFIELD 17
CHAPTER III.
SAM'S LECTURE 28
CHAPTER IV.
SAM FINDS IT NECESSARY TO THINK 38
CHAPTER V.
SAM'S FORTRESS 46
CHAPTER VI.
SURPRISED 61
CHAPTER VII.
CONFUSED 67
CHAPTER VIII.
WEATHERFORD 71
CHAPTER IX.
WEARY WAITING 83
CHAPTER X.
FIGHTING FIRE 93
CHAPTER XI.
IN THE WILDERNESS 104
CHAPTER XII.
AN ALARM AND A WELCOME 118
CHAPTER XIII.
JOE'S PLAN 124
CHAPTER XIV.
THE CANOE FIGHT 130
CHAPTER XV.
THE BOYS ARE DRIVEN OUT OF THE ROOT FORTRESS 143
CHAPTER XVI.
WHERE IS JOE? 159
CHAPTER XVII.
A FAMINE 163
CHAPTER XVIII.
WHICH ENDS THE STORY 173
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Page.
THE DOG CHARGE _Frontispiece._
SAM'S PARTY 20
"WE'S DUN LOS'--DAT'S WHA' WE IS" 40
JUDIE ON THE RAFT 49
THE PERILOUS LEAP 83
THE BIG BROTHER.
CHAPTER I.
SINQUEFIELD.
In the quiet days of peace and security in which we live it is difficult
to imagine such a time of excitement as that at which our story opens,
in the summer of 1813. From the beginning of that year, the Creek
Indians in Alabama and Mississippi had shown a decided disposition to
become hostile. In addition to the usual incentives to war which always
exist where the white settlements border closely upon Indian territory,
there were several special causes operating to bring about a struggle at
that time. We were already at war with the British, and British agents
were very active in stirring up trouble on our frontiers, knowing that
nothing would so surely weaken the Americans as a general outbreak of
Indian hostilities. Tecumseh, the great chief, had visited the Creeks,
too, and had urged them to go on the war path, threatening them, in the
event of their refusal, with the wrath of the Great Spirit. His appeals
to their superstition were materially strengthened by the occurrence of
an earthquake, which singularly enough, he had predicted, threatening
that when he returned to his home he would stamp his foot and shake
their houses down. Their own prophets, Francis and Singuista, had
preached war, too, telling the Indians that their partial adoption of
civilization, and their relations of friendship with the whites, were
sorely displeasing to the Great Spirit, who would surely punish them if
they did not immediately abandon the civilization and butcher the
pale-faces. Francis predicted, also, that in the coming struggle no
Indians would be killed, while the whites would be completely
exterminated. All this was promised on condition that the Indians should
become complete savages again, quitting all the habits of industry and
thrift which they had been learning for some years past, and fighting
mercilessly against all whites, sparing none.
All these things combined to bring on the war, and during the spring
several raids were made by small bodies of the Indians, in which they
were pretty severely punished by the whites. Finally a battle was fought
at Burnt-corn, in July 1813, and this was the signal for the breaking
out of the most terrible of all Indian wars,--the most terrible, because
the savages engaged in it had learned from the whites how to fight, and
because many of their chiefs were educated half-breeds, familiar with
the country and with all the points of weakness on the part of the
settlers. Stockade forts were built in various places, and in these the
settlers took refuge, leaving their fields to grow as they might and
their houses to be plundered and burned whenever the Indians should
choose to visit them. The stockades were so built as to enclose several
acres each, and strong block houses inside, furnished additional
protection. Into these forts there came men, women, and children, from
all parts of the country, each bringing as much food as possible, and
each willing to lend a hand to the common defence and the common
support.
On the 30th of August, the Indians attacked Fort Mims, one of the
largest of the stockade stations, and after a desperate battle destroyed
it, killing all but seventeen of the five hundred and fifty people who
were living in it. The news of this terrible slaughter quickly spread
over the country, and everybody knew now that a general war had begun,
in which the Indians meant to destroy the whites utterly, not sparing
even the youngest children.
Those who had remained on their farms now flocked in great numbers to
the forts, and every effort was made to strengthen the defences at all
points. The men, including all the boys who were large enough to point a
gun and pull a trigger, were organized into companies and assigned to
port-holes, in order that each might know where to go to do his part of
the fighting whenever the Indians should come. Even those of the women
who knew how to shoot, insisted upon being provided with guns and
assigned to posts of duty. There was not only no use in flinching, but
every one of them knew that whenever the fort should be attacked the
only question to be decided was, "Shall we beat the savages off, or
shall every man woman and child of us be butchered?" They could not run
away, for there was nowhere to run, except into the hands of the
merciless foe. The life of every one of them was involved in the defence
of the forts, and each was, therefore, anxious to do all he could to
make the defense a successful one. Their only hope was in desperate
courage, and, being Americans, their courage was equal to the demand
made upon it. It was not a civilized war, in which surrenders, and
exchanges of prisoners, and treaties and flags of truce, or even
neutrality offered any escape. It was a savage war, in which the Indians
intended to kill all the whites, old and young, wherever they could find
them. The people in the forts knew this, and they made their
arrangements accordingly.
Now if the boys and girls who read this story will get their atlases and
turn to the map of Alabama, they will find some points, the relative
positions of which they must remember if they wish to understand fully
the happenings with which we have to do. Just below the junction of the
Alabama and Tombigbee rivers, on the east side of the stream, they will
find the little town of Tensaw, and Fort Mims stood very near that
place. The peninsula formed by the two rivers above their junction is
now Clarke County, and almost exactly in its centre stands the village
of Grove Hill. A mile or two to the north-east stood Fort Sinquefield.
Fort White was several miles further west, and Fort Glass, afterwards
called Fort Madison, stood fifteen miles south, at a point about three
miles south of the present village of Suggsville. On the eastern side of
the Alabama river is the town of Claiborne, and at a point about three
miles below Claiborne the principal events of this story occurred. It
will not hurt you, boys and girls, to learn a little accurate geography,
by looking up these places before going on with the story, and if I were
your schoolmaster, instead of your story teller, I should stop here to
advise you always to look on the map for every town, river, lake,
mountain or other geographical thing mentioned in any book or paper you
read. I would advise you, too, if I were your schoolmaster, to add up
all the figures given in books and newspapers, to see if the writers
have made any mistakes; and it is a good plan too, to go at once to the
dictionary when you meet a word you do not quite comprehend, or to the
encyclopaedia or history, or whatever else is handy, whenever you read
about anything and would like to know more about it. I say I should stop
here to give you some such advice as this, if I were your schoolmaster.
As I am not, however, I must go on with my story instead.
Within a mile or two of Fort Sinquefield lived a gentleman named
Hardwicke. He was a widower with three children. Sam, the oldest of the
three, was nearly seventeen; Tommy was eleven, and a little girl of
seven years, named Judith, but called Judie, was the other. Mr.
Hardwicke was a quiet, studious man, who had come to Alabama from
Baltimore, not many years before, and since the death of his wife he had
spent most of his time in his library, which was famous throughout the
settlement on account of the wonderful number of books it contained.
There were hardly any schools in Alabama in those days, and Mr.
Hardwicke, being a man of education and considerable wealth, gave up
almost the whole of his time to his children, teaching them in doors and
out, and directing them in their reading. It was understood that Sam
would be sent north to attend College the next year, and meantime he had
become a voracious reader. He read all sorts of books, and as he
remembered and applied the things he learned from them, it was a common
saying in the country round about, that "Sam Hardwicke knows pretty
nearly everything." Of course that was not true, but he knew a good deal
more than most of the men in the country, and better than all, he knew
how very much there was for him yet to learn. A boy has learned the very
best lesson of his | 520.081246 |
2023-11-16 18:25:44.2624540 | 1,050 | 10 | STORY***
E-text prepared by Linda Cantoni, Bryan Ness, Emmy, and the Online
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(http://www.archive.org/details/toronto)
Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
file which includes the original illustrations.
See 37510-h.htm or 37510-h.zip:
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Images of the original pages are available through
Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries. See
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[Illustration]
BY TRENCH AND TRAIL IN SONG AND STORY
by
ANGUS MACKAY (Oscar Dhu)
Author of
"Donald Morrison--The Canadian Outlaw"
"A Tale of the Pioneers"
"Poems of a Politician"
"Pioneer Sketches"
Etc., Etc.
Illustrated
Mackay Printing & Publishing Co.
Seattle and Vancouver
1918
Copyright 1918 by
Angus MacKay
INTRODUCTION.
A number of the songs in this collection have been heard by campfire and
trail from the camps of British Columbia to the lumber camps of Maine.
Several of the songs have been fired at the Huns "somewhere in France,"
no doubt with deadly effect. And also at the Turks on the long long hike
to Bagdad and beyond.
And it is not impossible that some of my countrymen are now warbling
snatches of my humble verse to the accompaniment of bagpipes on the
streets of the New Jerusalem! Many of the verses have appeared from time
to time in leading publications from Vancouver, B. C., to the New
England States and Eastern Canada; while others appear in print here for
the first time.
From all parts of the land I have received letters at various times
asking for extra copies of some particular song in my humble collection,
which I was not in a position to supply at the time.
I therefore decided to publish some of the songs for which a demand had
been expressed, and in so doing offer to the reading public in
extenuation of my offense the plea that in a manner this humble volume
is being published by request.
I offer no apology for my "dialect" songs as they have already received
the approval of music lovers whose judgment is beyond criticism.
For the errors which must inevitably creep into the work of a
non-college-bred lumberjack, I crave the indulgence of all highbrows who
may resent my inability to comb the classics for copy to please them.
All the merit I can claim is the ability to rhyme a limerick or sing a
"come-all-ye" in a manner perhaps not unpleasing to my friends.
The lumberjacks will understand me, I am sure, and will appreciate my
humble efforts to entertain them.
As for the genial highbrow, should he deem me an interloper in the realm
of letters and imagine that my wild, uncultured notes are destroying the
harmony of his supersensitive soul, I shall "lope" back to the tall
timber again and seek sympathy and appreciation among the lumberjacks of
the forest primeval, where, amid the wild surroundings and the crooning
of the trees, there is health for mind and body borne on every passing
breeze. Yes, there's something strangely healing in the magic of the
myrrh, in the odor of the cedar and the fragrance of the fir.
There the hardy lumberjack is the undisputed lord of the lowlands and
chief of the highlands, and at the present time no soldier in the
trenches or sailor on the rolling deep has a more arduous task to
perform or a more important duty to discharge than he.
Toil on, ye Titans of the tall timbers; steadfast soldiers of the saw,
and able allies of the axe. Carry on till the stately trees which
constitute the glory of the West are converted into ships and planes in
countless thousands, to win the great war for freedom and to make the
world safe for democracy--and lumberjacks!
THE AUTHOR.
ILLUSTRATIONS
Frontispiece
"Where the tall, majestic pine tree branches wave" 124
"Christmas in Quebec" 14
"Gagne's Cavalry" 52
"Sergeant-Major Larry" 76
"I am now one lumberjack" 110
"Another Findlay like your own" 141
_Illustrations by
Lieutenant William R. McKay
with 161st U.S.A. in France_
CONTENTS
| 520.282494 |
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Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
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[Transcriber's Note: Underscores are used as delimiters for _italics_]
AN UNSINKABLE TITANIC
[Illustration: Photo by Brown Bros., New York
STOKE-HOLE OF A TRANSATLANTIC LINER]
AN
UNSINKABLE
TITANIC
EVERY SHIP
ITS OWN LIFEBOAT
BY
J. BERNARD WALKER
Editor of the Scientific American
[Illustration]
NEW YORK
DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY
1912
COPYRIGHT, 1912, BY
DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY
Published, July, 1912
THE QUINN & BODEN CO. PRESS
RAHWAY, N. J.
To
THE MEMORY OF THE CHIEF ENGINEER OF THE _TITANIC_,
JOHN BELL,
AND HIS STAFF OF THIRTY-THREE ASSISTANTS,
WHO STOOD AT THEIR POSTS IN THE ENGINE-
AND BOILER-ROOMS TO THE VERY LAST,
AND WENT DOWN WITH THE SHIP,
THIS WORK IS DEDICATED
PREFACE
It is the object of this work to show that, in our eagerness to make the
ocean liner fast and luxurious, we have forgotten to make her safe.
The safest ocean liner was the _Great Eastern_; and she was built
over fifty years ago. Her designer aimed to make the ship practically
unsinkable--and he succeeded; for she passed through a more severe
ordeal than the _Titanic_, survived it, and came into port under | 520.481523 |
2023-11-16 18:25:44.4669930 | 4,393 | 12 |
Produced by An Anonymous Volunteer
REFLECTIONS; OR SENTENCES AND MORAL MAXIMS
By Francois Duc De La Rochefoucauld, Prince de Marsillac
Translated from the Editions of 1678 and 1827 with introduction, notes,
and some account of the author and his times.
By J. W. Willis Bund, M.A. LL.B and J. Hain Friswell
Simpson Low, Son, and Marston, 188, Fleet Street.
1871.
{TRANSCRIBERS NOTES: spelling variants are preserved (e.g. labour
instead of labor, criticise instead of criticize, etc.); the
translators' comments are in square brackets [...] as they are in the
text; footnotes are indicated by * and appear immediately following the
passage containing the note (in the text they appear at the bottom of
the page); and, finally, corrections and addenda are in curly brackets
{...}.}
ROCHEFOUCAULD
"As Rochefoucauld his maxims drew From Nature--I believe them true. They
argue no corrupted mind In him; the fault is in mankind."--Swift.
"Les Maximes de la Rochefoucauld sont des proverbs des gens
d'esprit."--Montesquieu.
"Maxims are the condensed good sense of nations."--Sir J. Mackintosh.
"Translators should not work alone; for good Et Propria Verba do not
always occur to one mind."--Luther's Table Talk, iii.
CONTENTS
Preface (translator's)
Introduction (translator's)
Reflections and Moral Maxims
First Supplement
Second Supplement
Third Supplement
Reflections on Various Subjects
Index
Preface.
{Translators'}
Some apology must be made for an attempt "to translate the
untranslatable." Notwithstanding there are no less than eight English
translations of La Rochefoucauld, hardly any are readable, none are free
from faults, and all fail more or less to convey the author's meaning.
Though so often translated, there is not a complete English edition
of the Maxims and Reflections. All the translations are confined
exclusively to the Maxims, none include the Reflections. This may be
accounted for, from the fact that most of the translations are taken
from the old editions of the Maxims, in which the Reflections do
not appear. Until M. Suard devoted his attention to the text of
Rochefoucauld, the various editions were but reprints of the preceding
ones, without any regard to the alterations made by the author in the
later editions published during his life-time. So much was this the
case, that Maxims which had been rejected by Rochefoucauld in his last
edition, were still retained in the body of the work. To give but one
example, the celebrated Maxim as to the misfortunes of our friends, was
omitted in the last edition of the book, published in Rochefoucauld's
life-time, yet in every English edition this Maxim appears in the body
of the work.
M. Aime Martin in 1827 published an edition of the Maxims and
Reflections which has ever since been the standard text of Rochefoucauld
in France. The Maxims are printed from the edition of 1678, the last
published during the author's life, and the last which received his
corrections. To this edition were added two Supplements; the first
containing the Maxims which had appeared in the editions of 1665, 1666,
and 1675, and which were afterwards omitted; the second, some additional
Maxims found among various of the author's manuscripts in the Royal
Library at Paris. And a Series of Reflections which had been previously
published in a work called "Receuil de pieces d'histoire et de
litterature." Paris, 1731. They were first published with the Maxims in
an edition by Gabriel Brotier.
In an edition of Rochefoucauld entitled "Reflexions, ou Sentences et
Maximes Morales, augmentees de plus deux cent nouvelles Maximes et
Maximes et Pensees diverses suivant les copies Imprimees a Paris, chez
Claude Barbin, et Matre Cramoisy 1692,"* some fifty Maxims were added,
ascribed by the editor to Rochefoucauld, and as his family allowed them
to be published under his name, it seems probable they were genuine.
These fifty form the third supplement to this book.
*In all the French editions this book is spoken of as
published in 1693. The only copy I have seen is in the
Cambridge University Library, 47, 16, 81, and is called
"Reflexions Morales."
The apology for the present edition of Rochefoucauld must therefore be
twofold: firstly, that it is an attempt to give the public a complete
English edition of Rochefoucauld's works as a moralist. The body of the
work comprises the Maxims as the author finally left them, the first
supplement, those published in former editions, and rejected by the
author in the later; the second, the unpublished Maxims taken from the
author's correspondence and manuscripts, and the third, the Maxims first
published in 1692. While the Reflections, in which the thoughts in the
Maxims are extended and elaborated, now appear in English for the first
time. And secondly, that it is an attempt (to quote the preface of the
edition of 1749) "to do the Duc de la Rochefoucauld the justice to make
him speak English."
Introduction
{Translators'}
The description of the "ancien regime" in France, "a despotism tempered
by epigrams," like most epigrammatic sentences, contains some truth,
with much fiction. The society of the last half of the seventeenth, and
the whole of the eighteenth centuries, was doubtless greatly influenced
by the precise and terse mode in which the popular writers of that date
expressed their thoughts. To a people naturally inclined to think that
every possible view, every conceivable argument, upon a question is
included in a short aphorism, a shrug, and the word "voila," truths
expressed in condensed sentences must always have a peculiar charm. It
is, perhaps, from this love of epigram, that we find so many eminent
French writers of maxims. Pascal, De Retz, La Rochefoucauld, La Bruyere,
Montesquieu, and Vauvenargues, each contributed to the rich stock of
French epigrams. No other country can show such a list of brilliant
writers--in England certainly we cannot. Our most celebrated, Lord
Bacon, has, by his other works, so surpassed his maxims, that their fame
is, to a great measure, obscured. The only Englishman who could have
rivalled La Rochefoucauld or La Bruyere was the Earl of Chesterfield,
and he only could have done so from his very intimate connexion
with France; but unfortunately his brilliant genius was spent in the
impossible task of trying to refine a boorish young Briton, in "cutting
blocks with a razor."
Of all the French epigrammatic writers La Rochefoucauld is at once the
most widely known, and the most distinguished. Voltaire, whose opinion
on the century of Louis XIV. is entitled to the greatest weight, says,
"One of the works that most largely contributed to form the taste of
the nation, and to diffuse a spirit of justice and precision, is the
collection of maxims, by Francois Duc de la Rochefoucauld."
This Francois, the second Duc de la Rochefoucauld, Prince de Marsillac,
the author of the maxims, was one of the most illustrious members of the
most illustrious families among the French noblesse. Descended from the
ancient Dukes of Guienne, the founder of the Family Fulk or Foucauld, a
younger branch of the House of Lusignan, was at the commencement of
the eleventh century the Seigneur of a small town, La Roche, in the
Angounois. Our chief knowledge of this feudal lord is drawn from
the monkish chronicles. As the benefactor of the various abbeys and
monasteries in his province, he is naturally spoken of by them in terms
of eulogy, and in the charter of one of the abbeys of Angouleme he is
called, "vir nobilissimus Fulcaldus." His territorial power enabled him
to adopt what was then, as is still in Scotland, a common custom, to
prefix the name of his estate to his surname, and thus to create and
transmit to his descendants the illustrious surname of La Rochefoucauld.
From that time until that great crisis in the history of the French
aristocracy, the Revolution of 1789, the family of La Rochefoucauld have
been, "if not first, in the very first line" of that most illustrious
body. One Seigneur served under Philip Augustus against Richard Coeur de
Lion, and was made prisoner at the battle of Gisors. The eighth
Seigneur Guy performed a great tilt at Bordeaux, attended (according
to Froissart) to the Lists by some two hundred of his kindred and
relations. The sixteenth Seigneur Francais was chamberlain to Charles
VIII. and Louis XII., and stood at the font as sponsor, giving his name
to that last light of French chivalry, Francis I. In 1515 he was created
a baron, and was afterwards advanced to a count, on account of his great
service to Francis and his predecessors.
The second count pushed the family fortune still further by obtaining
a patent as the Prince de Marsillac. His widow, Anne de Polignac,
entertained Charles V. at the family chateau at Verteuil, in so princely
a manner that on leaving Charles observed, "He had never entered a
house so redolent of high virtue, uprightness, and lordliness as that
mansion."
The third count, after serving with distinction under the Duke of
Guise against the Spaniards, was made prisoner at St. Quintin, and only
regained his liberty to fall a victim to the "bloody infamy" of St.
Bartholomew. His son, the fourth count, saved with difficulty from that
massacre, after serving with distinction in the religious wars, was
taken prisoner in a skirmish at St. Yriex la Perche, and murdered by the
Leaguers in cold blood.
The fifth count, one of the ministers of Louis XIII., after fighting
against the English and Buckingham at the Ile de Re, was created a duke.
His son Francis, the second duke, by his writings has made the family
name a household word.
The third duke fought in many of the earlier campaigns of Louis XIV. at
Torcy, Lille, Cambray, and was dangerously wounded at the passage of
the Rhine. From his bravery he rose to high favour at Court, and was
appointed Master of the Horse (Grand Veneur) and Lord Chamberlain. His
son, the fourth duke, commanded the regiment of Navarre, and took part
in storming the village of Neerwinden on the day when William III. was
defeated at Landen. He was afterwards created Duc de la Rochequyon and
Marquis de Liancourt.
The fifth duke, banished from Court by Louis XV., became the friend of
the philosopher Voltaire.
The sixth duke, the friend of Condorcet, was the last of the long line
of noble lords who bore that distinguished name. In those terrible days
of September, 1792, when the French people were proclaiming universal
humanity, the duke was seized as an aristocrat by the mob at Gisors and
put to death behind his own carriage, in which sat his mother and
his wife, at the very place where, some six centuries previously, his
ancestor had been taken prisoner in a fair fight. A modern writer has
spoken of this murder "as an admirable reprisal upon the grandson
for the writings and conduct of the grandfather." But M. Sainte Beuve
observes as to this, he can see nothing admirable in the death of the
duke, and if it proves anything, it is only that the grandfather was not
so wrong in his judgment of men as is usually supposed.
Francis, the author, was born on the 15th December 1615. M. Sainte Beuve
divides his life into four periods, first, from his birth till he was
thirty-five, when he became mixed up in the war of the Fronde; the
second period, during the progress of that war; the third, the twelve
years that followed, while he recovered from his wounds, and wrote his
maxims during his retirement from society; and the last from that time
till his death.
In the same way that Herodotus calls each book of his history by
the name of one of the muses, so each of these four periods of La
Rochefoucauld's life may be associated with the name of a woman who was
for the time his ruling passion. These four ladies are the Duchesse de
Chevreuse, the Duchesse de Longueville, Madame de Sable, and Madame de
La Fayette.
La Rochefoucauld's early education was neglected; his father, occupied
in the affairs of state, either had not, or did not devote any time to
his education. His natural talents and his habits of observation soon,
however, supplied all deficiencies. By birth and station placed in
the best society of the French Court, he soon became a most finished
courtier. Knowing how precarious Court favour then was, his father, when
young Rochefoucauld was only nine years old, sent him into the army.
He was subsequently attached to the regiment of Auvergne. Though but
sixteen he was present, and took part in the military operations at the
siege of Cassel. The Court of Louis XIII. was then ruled imperiously
by Richelieu. The Duke de la Rochefoucauld was strongly opposed to the
Cardinal's party. By joining in the plots of Gaston of Orleans, he gave
Richelieu an opportunity of ridding Paris of his opposition. When those
plots were discovered, the Duke was sent into a sort of banishment to
Blois. His son, who was then at Court with him, was, upon the pretext of
a liaison with Mdlle. d'Hautefort, one of the ladies in waiting on the
Queen (Anne of Austria), but in reality to prevent the Duke learning
what was passing at Paris, sent with his father. The result of the exile
was Rochefoucauld's marriage. With the exception that his wife's name
was Mdlle. Vivonne, and that she was the mother of five sons and three
daughters, nothing is known of her. While Rochefoucauld and his father
were at Blois, the Duchesse de Chevreuse, one of the beauties of
the Court, and the mistress of Louis, was banished to Tours. She and
Rochefoucauld met, and soon became intimate, and for a time she was
destined to be the one motive of his actions. The Duchesse was engaged
in a correspondence with the Court of Spain and the Queen. Into this
plot Rochefoucauld threw himself with all his energy; his connexion with
the Queen brought him back to his old love Mdlle. d'Hautefort, and led
him to her party, which he afterwards followed. The course he took shut
him off from all chance of Court favour. The King regarded him with
coldness, the Cardinal with irritation. Although the Bastile and the
scaffold, the fate of Chalais and Montmorency, were before his eyes,
they failed to deter him from plotting. He was about twenty-three;
returning to Paris, he warmly sided with the Queen. He says in his
Memoirs that the only persons she could then trust were himself and
Mdlle. d'Hautefort, and it was proposed he should take both of them
from Paris to Brussels. Into this plan he entered with all his youthful
indiscretion, it being for several reasons the very one he would wish to
adopt, as it would strengthen his influence with Anne of Austria, place
Richelieu and his master in an uncomfortable position, and save Mdlle.
d'Hautefort from the attentions the King was showing her.
But Richelieu of course discovered this plot, and Rochefoucauld was,
of course, sent to the Bastile. He was liberated after a week's
imprisonment, but banished to his chateau at Verteuil.
The reason for this clemency was that the Cardinal desired to win
Rochefoucauld from the Queen's party. A command in the army was offered
to him, but by the Queen's orders refused.
For some three years Rochefoucauld remained at Verteuil, waiting the
time for his reckoning with Richelieu; speculating on the King's death,
and the favours he would then receive from the Queen. During this period
he was more or less engaged in plotting against his enemy the Cardinal,
and hatching treason with Cinq Mars and De Thou.
M. Sainte Beuve says, that unless we study this first part of
Rochefoucauld's life, we shall never understand his maxims. The bitter
disappointment of the passionate love, the high hopes then formed, the
deceit and treachery then witnessed, furnished the real key to their
meaning. The cutting cynicism of the morality was built on the ruins of
that chivalrous ambition and romantic affection. He saw his friend Cinq
Mars sent to the scaffold, himself betrayed by men whom he had trusted,
and the only reason he could assign for these actions was intense
selfishness.
Meanwhile, Richelieu died. Rochefoucauld returned to Court, and found
Anne of Austria regent, and Mazarin minister. The Queen's former friends
flocked there in numbers, expecting that now their time of prosperity
had come. They were bitterly disappointed. Mazarin relied on hope
instead of gratitude, to keep the Queen's adherents on his side. The
most that any received were promises that were never performed. In after
years, doubtless, Rochefoucauld's recollection of his disappointment led
him to write the maxim: "We promise according to our hopes, we perform
according to our fears." But he was not even to receive promises; he
asked for the Governorship of Havre, which was then vacant. He was
flatly refused. Disappointment gave rise to anger, and uniting with
his old flame, the Duchesse de Chevreuse, who had received the same
treatment, and with the Duke of Beaufort, they formed a conspiracy
against the government. The plot was, of course, discovered and crushed.
Beaufort was arrested, the Duchesse banished. Irritated and disgusted,
Rochefoucauld went with the Duc d'Enghein, who was then joining the
army, on a campaign, and here he found the one love of his life, the
Duke's sister, Mdme. de Longueville. This lady, young, beautiful, and
accomplished, obtained a great ascendancy over Rochefoucauld, and was
the cause of his taking the side of Conde in the subsequent civil war.
Rochefoucauld did not stay long with the army. He was badly wounded at
the siege of Mardik, and returned from thence to Paris. On recovering
from his wounds, the war of the Fronde broke out. This war is said
to have been most ridiculous, as being carried on without a definite
object, a plan, or a | 520.487033 |
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Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
produced from images generously made available by The
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[Every attempt has been made to replicate the original book as printed.
Some typographical errors have been corrected. A list follows the etext.
No attempt has been made to correct or normalize the French orthography
of the printed book.
The images have been | 520.58217 |
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Produced by Keith G Richardson
CALVINISTIC CONTROVERSY:
EMBRACING A SERMON
ON PREDESTINATION AND ELECTION,
AND SEVERAL NUMBERS,
FORMERLY PUBLISHED IN THE CHRISTIAN ADVOCATE AND JOURNAL.
BY REV. WILBUR FISK, D. D.
NEW-YORK,
PUBLISHED BY B. WAUGH AND T. MASON,
For the Methodist Episcopal Church at the Conference Office, 200
Mulberry-street.
_J. Collord, Printer_.
1835.
"Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1835, by B. Waugh and
T. Mason, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern
District of New-York."
CONTENTS.
Advertisement
Sermon on Predestination and Election
I. Reply to the Christian Spectator
II. A proposition to Calvinists
III. Indefiniteness of Calvinism
IV. Brief sketch of the past changes and present state of Calvinism in
this country
V. Same subject continued
VI. Predestination
VII. Predestination, continued
VIII. Moral agency and accountability
IX. Moral agency and accountability, continued
X. Moral agency as affected by the fall, and the subsequent provisions
of grace
XI. Same subject continued
XII. Objections to gracious ability answered
XIII. Regeneration
XIV. Regeneration, continued
XV. Regeneration, continued
ADVERTISEMENT.
The numbers following the sermon on predestination and election, were
written at different times, and in some instances at quite distant
intervals from each other. This will be received, it is hoped, as an
apology for any want of connection or uniformity of style, which the
reader may notice. And if any farther apology be necessary, it may be
found in the fact, that the entire contents of the volume as it is now
presented, were written in the midst of other pressing duties.--And the
same reason has prevented my giving the work such a thorough revision,
as it should have had, before it was presented to the public, in the
more set and imposing form of a book. Such a form was not originally
thought of--and now that this is called for, the author is well aware
that the public might expect a careful revision and correction of the
whole. From this however, he must, of _necessity_, be excused. He has
been able to do little more than correct the typographical errors. If
the public have it, therefore, it must go "with all its imperfections on
its head." Only let it be understood, that _I do not send it out_. The
publishers say it is called for; and I consent that it may go. The
doctrines I believe, will stand the test of reason and Scripture,
although some of the arguments by which they are defended may be found
defective.
It was my original design to have added one or two numbers on election;
but upon farther reflection, it appeared to me that enough had been said
in the sermon on that point; and that at any rate, if Calvinian
predestination, and the Calvinistic views of moral agency and
regeneration, were found to be fallacious, the whole superstructure must
fall of course. On these points therefore, we may safely rest the entire
question between us and the Calvinists.
W. Fisk.
_Wesleyan University, April_ 28, 1835.
A DISCOURSE
ON
PREDESTINATION AND ELECTION.
According as he hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the
world, that we should be holy and without blame before him in love.
Having predestinated us unto the adoption of children, by Jesus Christ,
to himself, according to the good pleasure of his will, Ephesians i, 4,
5.
In this passage, the kindred doctrines of predestination and election
are brought into view. To discuss them, to notice some errors respecting
them, and to exhibit what is believed to be the Scriptural and rational
view of these doctrines, is the proposed object of the present
discourse. In doing this, much that is new cannot be expected. The whole
ground of this controversy has been examined and re-examined; and the
various arguments, on both sides, have been urged and opposed, by the
most able polemics in philosophy and theology. The most, therefore, that
can now be expected, is to give a concise view of the subject, in a form
and manner suited to the present state of the controversy, and to the
circumstances of the present congregation.
It is hoped, at least, that the subject may be investigated in the
spirit of Christianity; and that there will be no loss of brotherly and
Christian candour, if there be no gain, on the side of truth. Yet, in a
desire to give no offence, I must not suppress the truth, nor neglect to
point out, as I am able, the absurdity of error, and its unprofitable
influences on the minds of those who propagate or receive it. The truth
should be spoken, but it should be spoken in love. Neither the subject,
nor the age, nor the occasion, will admit of temporizing. With these
views, we come to our subject, by examining,
I. Predestination in general;
II. Predestination, in its particular relation to the doctrine of
election.
I. By predestination, we understand an efficient predetermination to
bring about or accomplish any future event. But as God alone has
knowledge to comprehend futurity, and power to direct and control future
events; predestination, in a _proper_ and _strict_ sense, can only be
used in reference to him. And with respect to God, predestination is
that efficient determination which he has maintained from eternity,
respecting the control, direction, and destiny of the laws, events, and
creatures of the universe.--That God hath a predetermination of this
kind, there can be no doubt; and therefore, on this fact, there can be
no dispute. But the ground of controversy is, the unlimited extent to
which some have carried this idea of predestination. Calvin, on this
subject, says, "Every action and motion of every creature is governed by
the hidden counsel of God, so that nothing can come to pass, but was
ordained by him." The Assembly's Catechism is similar:--"God did, from
all eternity, unchangeably ordain whatever comes to pass." And Mr. Buck
defines predestination to mean, "The decree of God, whereby he hath, for
his own glory, foreordained whatever comes to pass." With these
definitions, which, it is seen, are the same in substance, agree all the
Calvinistic divines in Europe and America.--To this view of
predestination, others, and we confess ourselves of that number, have
objected. We believe that the character and acts of intelligent beings,
so far at least as their moral accountability is concerned, are not
definitely fixed, and efficiently produced, by the unalterable purpose
and efficient decree of God. Here therefore we are at issue. We believe,
with the rigid predestinarians, that God hath fixed the laws of the
physical and moral world, and that he hath a general plan, suited to all
the various circumstances and contingencies of his government; but that
it is no part of this plan, efficiently to control and actuate the human
will. So far, therefore, as these ultra-predestinarians go beyond us,
they affirm what we deny; and of course the burden of proof falls upon
them. We shall first, then, hear and answer the arguments in defence of
their system, and then bring up our arguments against it.[1]
The supporters of this system endeavour to establish their views by a
threefold argument--the foreknowledge of God--the necessity of a
plan--and Scripture testimony.
1. The first argument is founded on foreknowledge. It is sometimes
contended that predestination and foreknowledge are the same. This,
however, by the more judicious, is not now insisted on. For it is
self-evident, that _to know_, and _to decree_, are distinct operations;
and to every one acquainted with the common definition of the terms,
they must convey distinct and different ideas. And if these are distinct
operations in the _human_ mind, they must be also in the _Divine_ mind,
unless it can be shown that these terms, when applied to God, have an
entirely different meaning from that by which they are understood among
men. And as this cannot be pretended, the more common and plausible
argument is, that the foreknowledge of God necessarily _implies_
predestination. "For how," they ask, "can an action that is really to
come to pass, be foreseen, if it be not determined? God foreknew every
thing from the beginning; but this he could not have known, if he had
not so determined it." "God," says Piscator, "foresees nothing but what
he has decreed, and his decree precedes his knowledge." And Calvin says,
"God therefore foreknows all things that will come to pass, because he
has decreed they shall come to pass." But to this idea there are
insuperable objections. Prescience is an essential attribute of the
Divine nature. But a determination to do this or that, is not essential
to the Divine nature. For aught we can see, God might determine to make
a particular planet or not to make it, and in either case the perfection
of his nature is not affected. But _to know_, is so essential to him,
that the moment he ceases to know all that is, or will be, or might be,
under any possible contingency, he ceases to be God. Is it not absurd,
then, to say the least, to make an essential attribute of Deity depend
upon the _exercise_ of his attributes?--the Divine prescience depend
upon his decrees and determinations? It would seem, by this argument,
that, if not in the order of time, at least, in the order of thought,
and in the order of cause and effect, the exercise of an attribute
preceded the attribute itself; and, in short, the attribute must be
exercised, as a cause, to bring it into existence! To this monstrous
conclusion we are led by following out this argument. And connected with
it is another, equally monstrous and absurd. If God must predetermine
events in order to know them, then, as the cause is in no case dependent
on the effect, the decrees of God must be passed and his plan contrived,
independently of his knowledge, which only had an existence as the
effect of these decrees. What must be the character of that plan, and of
those decrees, which were formed and matured without knowledge, we will
not stop to examine, for the idea borders too closely upon the ludicrous
to be dwelt upon in a serious discourse. And yet I cannot see how this
conclusion can be avoided, reasoning from such premises. It seems to us,
therefore, altogether more consistent to consider that, in the order of
cause and effect, the exercise of the Divine attributes is consequent
upon their existence; and that the plan of the Almighty is the result of
his infinite knowledge; and that the decrees of his throne flow forth
from the eternal fountain of his wisdom. This idea, moreover, accords
with the Scriptures:--"For whom he did foreknow, he also did
predestinate to be conformed to the image of his Son." "Elect according
to the foreknowledge of God the Father." In these passages
predestination and the decree of | 520.582217 |
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FROM THE ST. LAWRENCE TO THE YSER
_Frontispiece._
[Illustration: LIEUTS. KLOTZ, STRATHY AND CURRY AT AMESBURY.]
FROM THE ST. LAWRENCE
TO THE YSER
WITH THE 1st CANADIAN BRIGADE
BY
FREDERIC C. CURRY
LATE CAPTAIN 2ND EASTERN ONTARIO REGIMENT
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS
McCLELLAND, GOODCHILD & STEWART,
PUBLISHERS... TORONTO.
_Printed in Great Britain._
To
LIEUT.-GENERAL SIR SAM HUGHES,
K.C.B., M.P., MINISTER OF MILITIA,
TO WHOSE EFFORTS
THE EFFICIENCY OF THE CANADIAN CONTINGENTS
IS LARGELY DUE.
PREFACE
In presenting this little work to the public the writer wishes to thank
those of his fellow-officers and others who brought to his notice
incidents that did not come under his personal observation.
Valuable assistance has been gained from the official accounts of Sir
Max Aitken, and from the historical writings of Mr. John Buchan with
regard to the parts played by other brigades and divisions with which we
were co-operating.
In spite of these attempts to broaden its outlook, the book stands in
the main a personal account of the actions of the 1st Brigade, Canadian
Infantry.
As such, however, the writer hopes it will be accepted, and not as a
detailed history of the events chronicled, though every attempt has been
made to check the accuracy of the facts stated.
One fictitious character has been introduced, that of Begbie Lyte, in
order to make the tale impersonal.
In all other cases the true names of persons mentioned, or initials,
have been used.
To Dr. Shipley, Master of Christ's College, Cambridge, the writer owes
much for his kindly criticisms and encouragement in this work.
F.C. CURRY.
_October, 1916._
CONTENTS
CHAP. PAGE
I. ANTE-BELLUM 1
II. PETEWAWA 11
III. MOBILISATION 24
IV. VAL CARTIER 31
V. THE CONVOY 37
VI. IN ENGLAND 44
VII. INTERIM 49
VIII. YPRES, 1915 54
IX. WITH THE DRAFT 63
X. THE BREAKING IN 72
XI. RESERVE BILLETS 80
XII. BAILLEUL 88
XIII. THE TREK SOUTH 95
XIV. FESTUBERT, 1915 103
XV. CARPE DIEM 110
XVI. GIVENCHY, 1915 117
XVII. NORTHWARD AGAIN 126
XVIII. NIGHTS OF GLADNESS! 132
XIX. IN FRONT OF MESSINES 140
XX. MINE WARFARE 145
XXI. MYTHS, FAIRIES, ETC. 152
XXII. THE WINTER MONTHS 160
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
LIEUTS. KLOTZ, STRATHY AND CURRY AT AMESBURY _Frontispiece_
_Facing page_
SAILING DOWN THE ST. LAWRENCE, NEAR BIC 38
CHURCH PARADE 40
EASTERN ONTARIO REGIMENT, NEAR STONEHENGE 44
MANOEUVRES ON SALISBURY PLAIN 48
FIELD KITCHEN IN RESERVE BILLETS 82
AMATEUR THEATRICALS BACK OF THE LINE 100
THE DISTILLERY AT GIVENCHY 118
OUR SUPPORT TRENCHES AT GIVENCHY 120
AFTER GIVENCHY 122
ENTRANCE TO PLUGSTREET WOOD 130
OUR TRENCHES, PLUGSTREET WOOD 134
OUR TRENCHES AT PLUGSTREET 136
THE START OF THE SMOKE CLOUDS 142
THE CACTUS TREEN 157
AFTER A FEW SHELLS AND A WEEK'S RAIN 160
FROM THE ST. LAWRENCE TO THE YSER
CHAPTER I
ANTE-BELLUM
Before the war the Canadian Militia consisted of about 75,000 of all
ranks and all grades of efficiency. To a neutral eye it must have
appeared to be in a highly disorganised condition, for battalions and
corps had sprung up here and there throughout the country with no
proportion existing between them and the other arms of the service. And
yet within a short two months after the outbreak of hostilities a
complete division, armed and equipped, landed in England, and in a bare
six months were in the field holding their own line of trenches.
To appreciate the difficulties, however, that attended this
transformation we must look back to those happy days prior to August,
1914, and witness the Canadian Militia in its own home.
This consisted of the "Drill-hall," or "Armouries," a long, low building
equipped more or less with barred windows and castellated turrets at one
or more corners. This building is one of the sights of the city, and is
pointed out by the cabby or taxi-driver to the English gentlemen and
other tourists who come out with the laudable intention of writing
books.
If the castellated towers are missing, and the building is constructed
on strictly utilitarian lines, one is safe in referring to it as the
"Drill-hall"; but if a couple of old cannon, vintage 1800, guard its
portals, and barred windows and frowning turrets add to its martial
splendour, then you have an "Armouries." By observing this simple rule
one can discriminate between the two as easily as telling a church from
a cathedral.
The existence of such a building is largely due to the efforts of the
local member of Parliament, and the style of architecture varies
directly with the square of his popularity with the party in power. Thus
a flourishing full-strength battalion may be housed in a dingy, drab
wooden structure, and in the next town a very ornate and modern
building may be tenanted by a corps that is only struggling for
existence, or perhaps not even struggling. It is well, however, to
refrain from too much criticism of these buildings, pretentious and
hideous as they may be, for in them are taught the ideals and principles
which so many of our youth have died to uphold in the rain-sodden fields
of Flanders.
Considering the shortness of what is locally known as the "drill
season," the results obtained are good. General French, in his report of
a few years ago, described our horses as "half-broken and our men but
little more," but that is only to be expected in a country where a man
is considered to be wasting his time if he devotes even the little that
he can ill afford to the military profession.
However, even if the half-broken men and horses do kick over the traces
once in a while, they eventually "get there," and that, after all, is
the Canadian doctrine.
For the purposes of training the Militia is divided into two
classes--the "city" and the "rural" corps. There is also the permanent
force, our Canadian regulars, who exist as a school for "the Militia,"
as they refer to the non-professional army.
The city corps consist chiefly of infantry, heavy artillery, and
engineer corps, the last being generally in university towns and either
affiliated with or being actually the cadet corps of the college. One
might think the cadet corps would be affiliated with the Militia, but
this is a case where the boy is father to the man.
City corps do fourteen nominal days' training a year in the drill-hall,
and, of late years, a voluntary camp of five days. For each of these
days two night drills of two hours each count as a day; the militiaman
receives the sum of four shillings, with a slight increase according to
his mus | 521.184023 |
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[Illustration: JAMES RICHARDSON ESQ^R.
_In the Ghadamsee Costume._
ENGRAVED BY GEORGE COOK FROM THE ORIGINAL DRAWING.
London: Richard Bentley, 1848.]
TRAVELS
IN
THE GREAT DESERT
OF SAHARA,
IN THE YEARS OF 1845 AND 1846.
CONTAINING
A NARRATIVE OF PERSONAL ADVENTURES, DURING A TOUR OF NINE
MONTHS THROUGH THE DESERT, AMONGST THE TOUARICKS
AND OTHER TRIBES OF SAHARAN PEOPLE;
INCLUDING A DESCRIPTION OF
THE OASES AND CITIES OF GHAT, GHADAMES,
AND MOURZUK.
BY JAMES RICHARDSON.
Φωνὴ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ.
IN TWO VOLUMES.
VOL. I.
LONDON:
RICHARD BENTLEY, NEW BURLINGTON STREET,
Publisher in Ordinary to Her Majesty.
M.D.CCC.XLVIII.
LONDON
HARRISON AND CO., PRINTERS,
ST. MARTIN'S LANE.
[Illustration: MAP _ILLUSTRATING_ THE TRAVELS AND RESEARCHES _OF
JAMES RICHARDSON IN_ THE GREAT DESERT OF SAHARA _BY_ JAMES WYLD
_GEOGRAPHER TO THE QUEEN London, Richard Bentley, New Burlington Street,
1848._ ENGRAVED BY J. WYLD, CHARING CROSS EAST]
INTRODUCTION.
THE sentiment of Antiquity--that "The life of no man is pleasing to the
gods which is not useful to his fellows,"--has been my guiding principle
of action during the last twelve years of my life. To live for my own
simple and sole gratification, to have no other object in view but my own
personal profit and renown, would be to me an intolerable existence. To
be useful, or to attempt to be useful, in my day and generation, was the
predominant motive which led me into The Desert, and sustained me there,
alone and unprotected, during a long and perilous journey.
But, in presenting this work to the British public, I have to state, that
it is only _supplementary_ and _fragmentary_. If, therefore, any one were
to judge of the results of my Saharan Tour merely by what is here given,
he would do me a great injustice. I had expected, by this time, that
certain Reports on the Commerce and Geography of The Great Desert, as
well as a large Map of the Routes of this part of Africa, would have been
given to the public. It is not my fault that their publication is still
delayed. I can only regret it, because what I am now publishing comes
_first_, instead of _last_, and consequently deranges my plan, the
following pages being, indeed, _supplementary_ to the Reports and Map. I
come, therefore, before the public with no small disadvantage.
With regard to these supplementary and fragmentary extracts from my
journal, I have also to state, they consist only of about two-thirds of
the journal. For the present, I deemed it prudent to suppress the rest.
But this likewise may disturb the harmony and mar the completeness of the
work. However, if these portions of the journal are favourably received,
other extracts may yet be published.
On entering The Desert, my principal object was to ascertain how and to
what extent the Saharan Slave-Trade was carried on; although but a
comparatively small portion of the following pages is devoted to this
subject. I have already reported fully on this traffic, and it was
unnecessary to go over the ground again, which might defeat, by
disagreeable repetitions and endless details, the object which I have in
view,--that of exciting an abhorrence of the Slave-Trade in the hearts of
my fellow countrymen and countrywomen.
In these published extracts from my journal, I have endeavoured to give a
truthful and faithful picture of the Saharan Tribes; their ideas,
thoughts, words, and actions; and, where convenient, I have allowed them
to speak and act for themselves. This is the main object which I have
undertaken to accomplish in this Narrative of my Personal Adventures in
The Sahara. The public must, and will, I doubt not, judge how far I have
succeeded, and award me praise or blame, as may be my desert. If I have
failed, I shall not abandon myself to despair, but shall console myself
with the thought that I have done the best I was able to do under actual
circumstances, and in my then state of health. It would, indeed, ill
become me | 521.189141 |
2023-11-16 18:25:45.3601020 | 376 | 19 | Project Gutenberg Etext of The Royal Road to Health, by C.A. Tyrrell
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RICHARD DARE'S VENTURE
OR
STRIKING OUT FOR HIMSELF
BY EDWARD STRATEMEYER
Author of Oliver Bright's Search, To Alaska For Gold,
The Last Cruise Of The Spitfire, Shorthand Tom, Etc.
PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION.
"Richard Dare's Venture," although a complete story in itself, forms
the initial volume of the "Bound to Succeed" Series, a line of books
written primarily for boys, but which it would seem not only girls but
also persons of mature age have taken up with more or less interest.
The story relates the adventures of a country youth who comes to New
York to seek his fortune, just as many country lads have done in the
past and many are likely to do in the future. Richard feels that there
is nothing for him to do in the sleepy village in which he resides,
and that he must "strike out for himself," and he does so, with no
cash capital to speak of, but with plenty of true American backbone,
and with the firm conviction that if he does his duty as he finds it,
and watches his chances, he will be sure to make a place for himself.
Richard finds life in the metropolis no bed of roses, and when he at
length gains a footing he is confronted by many a snare and pitfall.
But, thanks to the Christian teachings of the best of mothers, and his
natural uprightness of character, he escapes these evils, and gives
a practical teaching of the Biblical admonition of "returning evil
with good."
When the first edition of this work was placed on the market several
years ago, the author had hoped that it would receive some notice; but
he was hardly prepared for the warm reception which readers and critics
alike all over the country accorded it. For this enthusiasm he is
profoundly grateful. The street scenes in New York have been
particularly commended; the author would add that these are not
fictitious, but are taken from life.
EDWARD STRATEMEYER.
NEWARK, N.J., March 1, 1899.
CONTENTS
I. A Serious Accident
II. Bitter Moments
III. Preparing to Start
IV. On the Train
V. The Smash-up
VI. Under Suspicion
VII. The End of the Journey
VIII. The "Watch Below"
IX. Locked Out
X. The First Night in New York
XI. Robbed
XII. On the Search
XIII. Richard Calls on Mr. Joyce
XIV. Work Obtained
XV. New Quarters
XVI. Pep
XVII. Getting Acquainted
XVIII. A Strange Situation
XIX. The Laurel Club
XX. Trouble Brewing
XXI. Richard in Trouble
XXII. Richard Visits Mr. Joyce Again
XXIII. Strange Discoveries
XXIV. Pep's Home
XXV. Tom Clover
XXVI. A Scene in the Stock-room
XXVII. A Fire and its Result
XXVIII. A Lucky Resolve
XXIX. Frank's Idea
XXX. Mr. Martin's Clerks
XXXI. Tom Clover's Statement
XXXII. The Firm of Massanet and Dare
CHAPTER I.
A SERIOUS ACCIDENT.
"It is high time, mother, that I found something to do. Father seems
to be worse, and I'm afraid before long he won't be able to go to work
every day. Ever since I finished schooling I've felt like a fish out
of water."
And stowing away the remainder of the slice of bread he was eating,
Richard Dare leaned back in his chair and gazed inquiringly across the
breakfast-table to where his mother stood, ready to clear away the
dishes when he had finished his meal.
"I'm sure you have been busy enough, Richard," responded Mrs. Dare
fondly. "I am well satisfied with the way you have planted the garden;
and no carpenter could have made a neater job of the front fence. You
haven't wasted your time."
"Oh, I don't mean that. Fixing up around the house is well enough. But
I mean some regular work--some position where I could bring home my
weekly wages. I know it would be a big help all around. It takes a
heap of money to run a family of three girls and a growing boy."
Mrs. Dare smiled sadly.
"What do you know about that?" she asked. "We all have enough to eat
and drink, and our own roof | 521.387636 |
2023-11-16 18:25:45.4684560 | 377 | 9 |
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https://archive.org/details/cu31924027805864
EVENING TALES
Done into English from the French of
FRÉDÉRIC ORTOLI
by
Joel Chandler Harris
Author of "Uncle Remus"
Authorized Edition
New York
Charles Scribner's Sons
1919
Copyright, 1893, by
Charles Scribner's Sons
CONTENTS
I PAGE
A FRENCH TAR-BABY, 1
II
TEENCHY DUCK, 13
III
MR. SNAIL AND BROTHER WOLF, 34
IV
THE LION'S SECRET, 39
V
THE KING AND THE LAPWINGS, 64
VI
THE ROOSTER, THE CAT, AND THE REAP-HOOK, 75
VII
THE MYSTERIOUS ISLAND, 101
VIII
BROTHER TIGER AND DADDY SHEEP, 109
IX
"JUMP IN MY SACK!" 128
X
A SEARCH FOR A FRIEND, 155
XI
A CHILD OF THE ROSES, 163
XII
THE KING OF THE LIONS, 189
XIII
THE VIZIER, THE MONKEY, THE LION, AND
THE SERPENT | 521.488496 |
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Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
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http://gallica.bnf.fr)
* * * * *
Transcriber's Note: The original publication has been replicated
faithfully except as shown in the Transcriber's Amendments at the end of
the text. This etext presumes a mono-spaced font on the user's device,
such as Courier New. Words in italics are indicated like _this_. But the
publisher also wanted to emphasize words in sentences already italicized,
so he printed them in the regular font which is indicated here with: _The
pirates then went to +Hispaniola+._ Obscured letters in the original
publication are indicated with {?}. Superscripts are indicated like this:
S^{ta} Maria. Footnotes are located near the end of the work.
* * * * *
[Illustration: Lestevenon de Berkenroode]
THE
MEMOIRS
OF
_CHARLES-LEWIS_,
Baron de POLLNITZ.
BEING
The OBSERVATIONS He made in his
late TRAVELS from _Prussia_ thro'
_GERMANY_,
_ITALY_,
_FRANCE_,
_FLANDERS_,
_HOLLAND_,
_ENGLAND_, &c.
In LETTERS to his FRIEND.
Discovering not only the PRESENT STATE
of the Chief CITIES and TOWNS;
BUT
The CHARACTERS of the PRINCIPAL PERSONS
at the Several COURTS.
In TWO VOLUMES.
Vol. I
The SECOND EDITION, with ADDITIONS.
_LONDON:_
Printed for DANIEL BROWNE, at the _Black Swan_,
without _Temple-Bar_. M.DCC.XXXIX.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE, BY THE TRANSLATOR v
AUTHOR'S PREFACE ix
ADVERTISEMENT BY THE EDITOR xiv
PREFACE xv
ADDENDA to Vol. I xviii
ADDENDA to Vol. II xxi
BOOKS LATELY PUBLISHED xxiv
LETTER I 1
LETTER II 49
LETTER III 60
LETTER IV 69
LETTER V 80
LETTER VI 162
LETTER VII 178
LETTER VIII 183
LETTER IX 193
LETTER X 197
LETTER XI 210
LETTER XII 224
LETTER XIII 246
LETTER XIV 258
LETTER XV 272
LETTER XVI 280
LETTER XVII 293
LETTER XVIII 299
LETTER XIX 315
LETTER XX 327
LETTER XXI 338
LETTER XXII 357
LETTER XXIII 364
LETTER XXIV 377
LETTER XXV 391
LETTER XXVI 408
LETTER XXVII 422
OTHER BOOKS 432
INDEX 433
ERRATA
FOOTNOTES
[Illustration]
To the Right Honourable
PHILIP, _Lord_ HARDWICKE;
Baron of _Hardwicke_, in the
County of _Gloucester_;
LORD HIGH CHANCELLOR
of _Great Britain_;
AND
One of the LORDS of His Majesty's most
Honourable PRIVY COUNCIL.
MY LORD,
The good Reception these Memoirs, which I most humbly offer to your
Lordship, have met with Abroad; and the Protection and Favour the _Author_
has obtain'd at one of the Chief Protestant Courts of EUROPE; encourage
me, tho' with the profoundest Submission, to intreat your Lordship's
favourable Acceptance of this _Translation_.
'Tis, my Lord, the only Homage I am capable of paying your Lordship, and
the best Testimony I can give with what Zeal and Pleasure I join in the
Congratulation of the Public for that illustrious Regard paid to your
Lordship's Merit, and Their Wishes, by his SACRED MAJESTY, this Day in
Council.
That your Lordship may very long enjoy a sufficient Portion of Health,
equal to the Abilities of your Great Mind, for supporting you under that
vast Weight of Service which you have now taken upon you for your King and
Country, is the hearty Prayer of all good ENGLISHMEN; and particularly of
Him, My Lord, who has the Honour to subscribe
YOUR LORDSHIP'S
_Most Devoted,
Most Obedient, and
Most Humble Servant._
[Illustration]
PREFACE,
By the TRANSLATOR.
The Author of these _Memoirs_, who is a Person of an honourable Family in
_Prussia_, and confess'd by all that know him to be a Gentleman of
extraordinary Talents, is one that may be truly said to have seen the
World; he having not only travell'd twice thro' the principal Parts of
_Europe_, but by his Acquaintance with People of the first Rank, and a
diligent Inquiry and nice Inspection into Men and Things, attained to that
Knowledge of Both, which is of such Service and Entertainment to Mankind
in the general, and so particularly necessary for All who attend to what
is doing in high Life.
He has succeeded very happily in the right Narrative Stile; and the
_French_ Language, in which he wrote the following Letters, seems to be as
natural to him as if it was his Mother-Tongue. But the Thing which has
most contributed to the Demand for these Memoirs, is the Multitude of
Characters that the Baron has interspers'd, not only of the Deceas'd, but
even of Persons that are still living, and distinguish'd by the exalted
Spheres in which they move.
That every one of those Characters is equally just, or that every
Circumstance relating to them is told with the utmost Exactness, is not to
be imagin'd: For supposing the Author to have been ever so circumspect and
impartial, how was it possible for him to take the true Likeness of every
one, in such a Variety of Personages of both Sexes, and to be perfectly
sure of every Particular that he mentions; since he could not be
Eye-Witness of every thing, and must be oblig'd for many to Information
from other Persons, of whom, 'tis no wonder if some were prejudic'd? But
to do the Baron Justice, it must be allow'd, that he no where fails in
that Respect and Decorum to Princes which are their due; and that he has
not discover'd a predominant Passion for Satire: because where he has
painted in the strongest Colours, and represented his Subjects in the most
disadvantageous Light, they were such whose Follies or whose Vices were
too flagrant and notorious to be either conceal'd or disguis'd: And,
considering the Groupe of Courtiers whom he has crouded into his Canvass,
the Reader will rather be surpris'd to meet with so few Imperfections in
his Characters, and so many excellent Qualities. By this means, his
Memoirs have, upon the whole, done Honour to his Understanding, without
offending his Conscience, or hurting his Fortune; he being, at this very
time, upon a handsome Establishment at the Court of _Prussia_.
It cannot possibly escape the Observation of the Reader, that the Baron,
when he wrote these Letters to his noble Friend, was a profess'd Member of
the Church of _Rome_; but that nevertheless, he was not such a Bigot to
its Constitution, nor such a Believer in the Legends of its Writers, or
the pretended Miracles of its Saints, as to incur the Character of a blind
and furious Zealot; it appearing on the contrary, from several
Declarations of his Mind in the following Pages, that he did not want
Charity either in his Nature or Principles for those from whom he differ'd
in religious Sentiments. Such a Catholic Spirit, assisted by his good
Sense, made it, no doubt, much easier for him, after reflecting upon the
Fopperies and Impostures which he had seen in that Church during his
Travels, to abjure the _Romish_ and to embrace the _Protestant_ Religion,
which he did accordingly with great Devotion last Summer, at _Berlin_;
after which, his _Prussian_ Majesty was pleas'd to distinguish him with
peculiar Marks of his Favour and Esteem, by declaring him one of the
Gentlemen of his Bed-Chamber, and Chief Cup-Bearer of his Court; and he
has very lately given him a considerable Prebend.
To the new Edition of his Memoirs, from which the following Sheets are
translated, there's not only a great number of material Additions in the
Body of the Work, as is observ'd by the Editor of it, _Amsterdam_, but
several new Notes: In this Translation, these Notes are likewise
considerably augmented, for the sake of continuing the Thread of the
History to the present Time, by the Notice taken of certain remarkable
Alterations, or other curious Particulars that have happen'd to the
Persons or the Places mentioned, since 1734, when the said Edition was
publish'd.
One great Defect for which the foreign Editor has been very much blam'd,
was the want of a Table to these Memoirs; which, if not absolutely
necessary in a Work of this kind, wherein so many Persons and Facts are
mentioned, cannot be necessary for any Book whatsoever that comes from the
Press. To supply this Defect, the Translator has added an Alphabetical
Index to each of the two Volumes; which Indexes are the more copious, that
the Reader might know where to turn in an Instant for some Account of the
Characters, Conduct, or Familys of those public Personages, whose Names so
often occur in the News-Papers.
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
THE
AUTHOR's PREFACE
TO THE
FIRST EDITION.
_There are very few Books without a +Preface+; and that there are
so, is in a great measure owing to the Fancy of the +Booksellers+,
who think them to be absolutely necessary, and too often judge of
the merit of a Copy by the Flights of its Preface, and the
insinuating Tone of the +Author's+ Voice in reading it. I had the
misfortune to fall into the hands of one of these Booksellers, so
fond of Prefaces, whom nothing would serve but he must have one at
the Head of my +Memoirs+. My telling him that I did not know what to
put into a Preface, signify'd no more than if I had been talking to
a Post; for he threaten'd to get a Preface compos'd by an Author who
wrote for Wages. This startled me, and I trembled for the fate of my
Book, not doubting that a Preface written by a Man of Letters, who
made it his profession to compose such marvellous Pieces, would
altogether eclipse the few Excellencies in this Work of mine. What,
said I to myself, the Sale of my Book then must depend only on the
Goodness of the Preface, which, when the Readers compare with the
Book it self, they will say, O! what a wonderful Man is the Author
of the +Preface+! What a pitiful Writer, the Compiler of the
+Memoirs+! No, said I again to my self, I am resolv'd that the
Preface and the Book shall run the same risk; and since Chance has
enter'd me an Author, I'll play out the whole part of one._
_I am told, that the Design of a Preface is to give the Publick an
account, in the first place, of the Reasons that have engag'd the Author
to compose his Work; that then he is to inform the Publick, that 'tis in
meer Complaisance to his Friends, and because there are mangled Copies of
his Manuscript abroad, that he has been determined to put it to the Press;
and finally, that he is to conclude with a sort of Petition, wherein he is
to beg the Reader's Indulgence for his Productions. This, I have been
assured, is the Plan of a Preface; let us now see how well I can execute
it._
_As to the first Article, +viz.+ what Motives I had to write, I sincerely
own that when I set Pen to Paper, I meant nothing more than to amuse
myself. I was the farthest in the World from thinking that I should one
day be overtaken with the Temptation of setting up for an Author. I wrote
Letters to a Friend of mine, purely to divert him with an Account of such
things as came in my way; the Minutes of which Letters I preserved till I
had insensibly formed a Volume of 'em; and having nothing else to do, I
augmented and digested them in the manner that I now give them to the
Publick. The truth is, that my Friends have not used the least Importunity
with me to commit my Manuscript to the Press, nor was it possible for any
spurious Copies of it to get abroad, because no body ever saw it till I
put it into the hands of the Bookseller._
_But I shall be ask'd, what possess'd me to commence Author, and how came
I to be so idle as to put my Name at the Head of a sorry book? I must
answer again, that it was downright Indolence. As to my Name, it would
have been very difficult to have concealed it from Persons to whom I have
the greatest Obligations. I should have been suspected to have been the
Author of these Memoirs at certain Courts, for which I have a Respect both
by Inclination and Duty; and perhaps, if I had left this Copy to the
wide World, as some do those Foundlings which they are asham'd to own,
such Passages might have been foisted into it, as would have been father'd
upon me, in spite of all Protestations of my Innocence._
_As to the Book itself, I am apt to think there is nothing in it that any
Person whatsoever ought to take offence at. When I speak of Sovereign
Princes, 'tis with the Reverence due to the +Lord's Anointed+; and I also
endeavour to honour them in their Ministers, being taught by my Religion
that I ought to honour God in his Saints. I have done my utmost to paint
the true Characters of People in Place, and can safely say, that my
Authorities are not meer hear-says or scraps out of News-Papers; for,
thank to God, my Birth and Fortune have put me in a capacity to see, hear,
and judge for myself._
_It will be thought perhaps, that when I speak of Nations in general, I
judge too rashly. It may be so; this being an Article especially in which
all Men do not think alike. The +French+ have a quite different Idea of
the +Germans+ from what the +English+ have, and the +English+ do not pass
the same Verdict on the +French+ as the +Swedes+ do. 'Tis the same in
private Life. Every one makes his own Condition the Standard of his
Judgment. The Man of Quality, the Citizen, the Soldier, the Merchant, have
all different Ideas. The Traveller judges of the Nation where he is, by
the Company he keeps. A +Frenchman+ who in +Germany+ converses with none
but those of the second Class, will say that the +Germans+ are honest
People, but clownish; whereas another, who keeps company with Persons of
Quality, or those in Offices, will agree, that the +Germans+ are more
polite than they have been painted by certain +French+ Writers, who have
been transplanted to +Germany+ either by their Distresses, or by meer
Chance. So, a +German+, who, when he is at +Paris+, sees no better Company
than the Marchionesses of the Suburb of +St. Germain+, imagines
that all the Women both at Court and in the City are like them. In fine, a
Foreigner who takes up his Residence in the City of +London+, will
entertain a different Idea of the +English+ from what another shall do who
lodges at +St. James+'s end of the town. They are, as one may say, so many
different Nations in one and the same State, which stand in little
relation to one another; and sometimes attribute Virtues and Vices to each
other without due Consideration. A Foreigner therefore can form a solid
Judgment of none but those with whom he is conversant; and if he has the
good luck to pitch his Tent well, he entertains an advantageous Opinion of
the Nation in general. Let Foreigners, when they return home, after having
kept such various sorts of Company, sit down to draw the Characters of the
Nations they have seen, I do but think what a strange difference would
appear in their Descriptions! The Judgment therefore which I make of
People, is founded upon the Company I kept, and upon what I heard from
such Inhabitants of the Country as appear'd to me to be altogether
unprejudiced, and were pleased to honour me with their Information. I do
not say but, after all, I may have been mistaken; for I do not pretend to
have painted things in any other light than as they appear'd to me. If,
nevertheless, any particular Person thinks himself particularly intended
when I speak of the Inhabitants of any Province or Town in general, I beg
him to remember, that I confess in my Memoirs there are worthy People in
all parts of the World, and 'tis not my fault if his Conscience does not
permit him to rank himself in that number._
_No doubt I shall be reproach'd for relating too many Trifles, and passing
too lightly over things of greater Importance. To speak freely again, I
will make no difficulty to own, that, if when I began these Memoirs, I had
ever thought of printing them, the desire of promoting their Sale might
perhaps have put upon inserting a great many Nothings which I omitted, as
not thinking it worth while to charge my Memory with 'em. The far greatest
part of what the World reads is Trifles, and a History will make its
fortune not by the instructive Facts that are in it, but by the Romantic
Turn the Author gives it. Besides, I am not so vain as to write with a
design of Instructing; for what could I relate in my Travels which others
have not done before me in better Terms? To talk of Learned Men, to make a
Catalogue of Books and MSS. that are to be met with in Libraries, to
ransack the Cabinet of the Curious, to publish Inscriptions, to treat of
antique Medals, to affirm that I have seen an +Otho+ of Brass, which is
known to be but of Silver, what a Posse of Men of Learning would rise up
against me! Whereas, now I fear nothing; the Learned don't read Trifles,
or if they do, they scorn to criticise them. I shall to them remain
unknown, or at least, my Meanness will be my Protection against their
Indignation._
_I would fain be as secure against the Criticism of those, who reading for
the sake of their amusement, require an exact, elegant Stile in trifles,
that is, adorn'd with the Flowers and Garlands of Rhetorick. But how shall
I gain their Indulgence? If I own to them that I could do no better, they
will say to me, and justly enough, +Alas! then what made you write?+ To
which I shall answer, as I said before, that it was meerly for want of
something else to do. If they will but forgive me this time, I assure them
that I not only will never relapse into the same error, but that I shall
not be sorry if they disdain to take Notice of my Book: And if the reading
of these Memoirs inclines them to sleep, I shall think my self very well
rewarded for having contributed to their Repose._
_After all, I am more particularly obliged to ask pardon of the +French+
than any other Nation: 'Tis in their Language I have presumed to write,
and they are my proper Judges. Such is their Politeness and their
Readiness to assist Foreigners, that I doubt not of Mercy. And in
return, I promise them, that if a +Frenchman+ ever vouchsafes to write in
the +German+ Language, I will forgive him any Errors that he may commit._
ADVERTISEMENT by the EDITOR.
N. B. "These Memoirs went off so quick, that before they had been out
scarce six Months, the _French_ Bookseller was oblig'd to prepare for this
_Second Edition_; to which, there are considerable Additions both in the
Body of the Work and in the Notes, of curious and interesting Facts and
Characters, and the principal Alterations that have happen'd at the
several Courts, since the first Edition.
"There is added in particular, a very circumstantial Account of the
present Elector of _Saxony_'s Family, his Ministers, and Officers; and in
short, of the Chief Persons of both Sexes belonging to his Court and
Houshold. This is prefix'd in the Original, at the Head of the Memoirs;
but the Translator thought it more regular as well as more consistent with
the Method observ'd every where else by the Author, to place it at the End
of his Description of the City of _Dresden_. The Baron has dedicated that
Account to the present Elector (_Augustus_, King of _Poland_) and
introduc'd it with the following Preface."
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
PREFACE,
TO THE SECOND EDITION.
_The_ PRESENT STATE OF THE COURT OF SAXONY | 521.582748 |
2023-11-16 18:25:45.5636170 | 999 | 26 |
Produced by Al Haines
Heath's Pedagogical Library--4
EMILE:
OR, CONCERNING EDUCATION
BY
JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU
EXTRACTS
_CONTAINING THE PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS OF PEDAGOGY FOUND IN THE FIRST THREE
BOOKS; WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND NOTES BY_
JULES STEEG, DEPUTE, PARIS, FRANCE
TRANSLATED BY
ELEANOR WORTHINGTON
FORMERLY OF THE COOK COUNTY (ILL.) NORMAL SCHOOL
D. C. HEATH & CO., PUBLISHERS
BOSTON -- NEW YORK -- CHICAGO
Entered, according to Act of Congress, In the year 1888, by
GINN, HEATH, & CO.,
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
Printed in U. S. A.
TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE.
M. Jules Steeg has rendered a real service to French and American
teachers by his judicious selections from Rousseau's Emile. For the
three-volume novel of a hundred years ago, with its long disquisitions
and digressions, so dear to the heart of our patient ancestors, is now
distasteful to all but lovers of the curious in books.
"Emile" is like an antique mirror of brass; it reflects the features of
educational humanity no less faithfully than one of more modern
construction. In these few pages will be found the germ of all that is
useful in present systems of education, as well as most of the
ever-recurring mistakes of well-meaning zealots.
The eighteenth century translations of this wonderful book have for
many readers the disadvantage of an English style long disused. It is
hoped that this attempt at a new translation may, with all its defects,
have the one merit of being in the dialect of the nineteenth century,
and may thus reach a wider circle of readers.
INTRODUCTION.
Jean Jacques Rousseau's book on education has had a powerful influence
throughout Europe, and even in the New World. It was in its day a kind
of gospel. It had its share in bringing about the Revolution which
renovated the entire aspect of our country. Many of the reforms so
lauded by it have since then been carried into effect, and at this day
seem every-day affairs. In the eighteenth century they were unheard-of
daring; they were mere dreams.
Long before that time the immortal satirist Rabelais, and, after him,
Michael Montaigne, had already divined the truth, had pointed out
serious defects in education, and the way to reform. No one followed
out their suggestions, or even gave them a hearing. Routine went on
its way. Exercises of memory,--the science that consists of mere
words,--pedantry, barren and vain-glorious,--held fast their "bad
eminence." The child was treated as a machine, or as a man in
miniature, no account being taken of his nature or of his real needs;
without any greater solicitude about reasonable method--the hygiene of
mind--than about the hygiene of the body.
Rousseau, who had educated himself, and very badly at that, was
impressed with the dangers of the education of his day. A mother
having asked his advice, he took up the pen to write it; and, little by
little, his counsels grew into a book, a large work, a pedagogic
romance.
This romance, when it appeared in 1762, created a great noise and a
great scandal. The Archbishop of Paris, Christophe de Beaumont, saw in
it a dangerous, mischievous work, and gave himself the trouble of
writing a long encyclical letter in order to point out the book to the
reprobation of the faithful. This document of twenty-seven chapters is
a formal refutation of the theories advanced in "Emile."
The archbishop declares that the plan of education proposed by the
author, "far from being in accordance with Christianity, is not fitted
to form citizens, or even men." He accuses Rousseau of irreligion and
of bad faith; he denounces him to the temporal power as animated "by a
spirit of insubordination and of revolt." He sums up by solemnly
condemning the book "as containing an abominable doctrine, calculated
to overthrow natural law, and to destroy the foundations of the
Christian religion; establishing maxims contrary to Gospel morality;
having a tendency to disturb the peace of empires | 521.583657 |
2023-11-16 18:25:45.5685360 | 94 | 54 |
Produced by An Anonymous Volunteer
THE BLUE FLOWER
By Henry Van <DW18>
The desire of the moth for the star,
Of the night for the morrow,
The devotion for something afar
From the sphere of our sorrow.
--SHELLEY.
To
THE DEAR MEMORY OF
BERNARD VAN <DW18>
1887-1897
AND THE LOVE THAT L | 521.588576 |
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