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P9010 | WHOLE BLOOD FOR TRANSFUSION | HCPCS | HCPCS codes are all alphanumeric and include services, products and supplies - such as prosthetics and ambulance services - not covered in the CPT. Here are several examples of HCPCS codes:
- J8700 = Temozolmide, oral, 5 mg.
- A0030 = Ambulance service, conventional air service, transport, one way
- JO530 = Injection of penicillin
- J3490 = Unclassified drugs
- P9010 = Blood (whole) for transfusion
To meet the standards set by HIPAA (Health Information Portability and Accounting Act), the Final Rule was instituted in 2000. It stated that the CPT and HCPCS codes are defined as procedure codes for "physician services, physical and occupational therapy services, radiological procedures, clinical laboratory tests, other medical diagnostic procedures, hearing and vision services and transportation services including ambulance." (Source:American Medical Association)
You can learn more about CPT and HCPCS - including how codes are determined and new changes are made - at the American Medical Association's website by clicking here. ICD-9. |
J8700 | Temozolomide per 5 mg | HCPCS | Here are several examples of HCPCS codes:
- J8700 = Temozolmide, oral, 5 mg.
- A0030 = Ambulance service, conventional air service, transport, one way
- JO530 = Injection of penicillin
- J3490 = Unclassified drugs
- P9010 = Blood (whole) for transfusion
To meet the standards set by HIPAA (Health Information Portability and Accounting Act), the Final Rule was instituted in 2000. It stated that the CPT and HCPCS codes are defined as procedure codes for "physician services, physical and occupational therapy services, radiological procedures, clinical laboratory tests, other medical diagnostic procedures, hearing and vision services and transportation services including ambulance." (Source:American Medical Association)
You can learn more about CPT and HCPCS - including how codes are determined and new changes are made - at the American Medical Association's website by clicking here. ICD-9. According to the Final Rule, ICD-9 provides coding for diagnosis, procedures and inpatient hospital services. |
J3490 | ZINC SULFATE 220MG 220MG CP | HCPCS | Here are several examples of HCPCS codes:
- J8700 = Temozolmide, oral, 5 mg.
- A0030 = Ambulance service, conventional air service, transport, one way
- JO530 = Injection of penicillin
- J3490 = Unclassified drugs
- P9010 = Blood (whole) for transfusion
To meet the standards set by HIPAA (Health Information Portability and Accounting Act), the Final Rule was instituted in 2000. It stated that the CPT and HCPCS codes are defined as procedure codes for "physician services, physical and occupational therapy services, radiological procedures, clinical laboratory tests, other medical diagnostic procedures, hearing and vision services and transportation services including ambulance." (Source:American Medical Association)
You can learn more about CPT and HCPCS - including how codes are determined and new changes are made - at the American Medical Association's website by clicking here. ICD-9. According to the Final Rule, ICD-9 provides coding for diagnosis, procedures and inpatient hospital services. |
P9010 | WHOLE BLOOD FOR TRANSFUSION | HCPCS | Here are several examples of HCPCS codes:
- J8700 = Temozolmide, oral, 5 mg.
- A0030 = Ambulance service, conventional air service, transport, one way
- JO530 = Injection of penicillin
- J3490 = Unclassified drugs
- P9010 = Blood (whole) for transfusion
To meet the standards set by HIPAA (Health Information Portability and Accounting Act), the Final Rule was instituted in 2000. It stated that the CPT and HCPCS codes are defined as procedure codes for "physician services, physical and occupational therapy services, radiological procedures, clinical laboratory tests, other medical diagnostic procedures, hearing and vision services and transportation services including ambulance." (Source:American Medical Association)
You can learn more about CPT and HCPCS - including how codes are determined and new changes are made - at the American Medical Association's website by clicking here. ICD-9. According to the Final Rule, ICD-9 provides coding for diagnosis, procedures and inpatient hospital services. |
87804 | INFLUENZA ASSAY W/OPTIC | HCPCS | The authors concluded that from thees findings, the dual-channel PSPWB potentially offers great opportunity in developing an alternative PCR-free diagnostic method for rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection of viral pathogens with epidemiological relevance in clinical samples by using an appropriate pathogen-specific antibody. Additional information concerning diagnostic testing for influenza is available at http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/diagnosis/. |CPT Codes / HCPCS Codes / ICD-10 Codes|
|Information in the [brackets] below has been added for clarification purposes. Codes requiring a 7th character are represented by "+":|
|ICD-10 codes will become effective as of October 1, 2015:|
|CPT codes covered if selection criteria are met:|
|87804||Infectious agent antigen detection by immunoassay with direct optical observation; influenza|
|ICD-10 codes covered if selection criteria are met:|
|B34.9||Viral infection, unspecified|
|J10.00 - J11.89||Influenza due to other influenza virus|
|R06.02||Shortness of breath| |
87804 | INFLUENZA ASSAY W/OPTIC | HCPCS | Additional information concerning diagnostic testing for influenza is available at http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/diagnosis/. |CPT Codes / HCPCS Codes / ICD-10 Codes|
|Information in the [brackets] below has been added for clarification purposes. Codes requiring a 7th character are represented by "+":|
|ICD-10 codes will become effective as of October 1, 2015:|
|CPT codes covered if selection criteria are met:|
|87804||Infectious agent antigen detection by immunoassay with direct optical observation; influenza|
|ICD-10 codes covered if selection criteria are met:|
|B34.9||Viral infection, unspecified|
|J10.00 - J11.89||Influenza due to other influenza virus|
|R06.02||Shortness of breath| |
1749 | Other and unspecified robotic assisted procedure | ICD | And we’re not talking about Instagram pictures of favorite meals or family vacations but clinical data with life-and-death importance. AHA Hospital Statistics show an estimated five billion healthcare claims are adjudicated in the U.S. every year. This accounts for $3.0 trillion in annual healthcare payment. This isn’t just big dollars but a massive amount of clinical and financial data embedded in these coded claims. Even a single ICD-10 code, such as P0716, which specifies a newborn between 1500-1749 grams, tells us a lot about the patient’s risks and expected costs for care. |
1749 | Other and unspecified robotic assisted procedure | ICD | This accounts for $3.0 trillion in annual healthcare payment. This isn’t just big dollars but a massive amount of clinical and financial data embedded in these coded claims. Even a single ICD-10 code, such as P0716, which specifies a newborn between 1500-1749 grams, tells us a lot about the patient’s risks and expected costs for care. Such low birth weight is likely accompanied by respiratory distress and the need for auxiliary oxygen, hemorrhage potentially causing brain damage, higher risk of heart failure and digestive disorders—not to mention increased long-term risks for diabetes and high blood pressure. The possibilities for AI and computer automation in health care appear limitless. |
01260 | ANES,UPPER LEG VEIN SURGERY | CPT | A summary of the meeting is available at http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/panel/summary/neuro-012607.html. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the brain is considered investigational as a treatment of depression and other psychiatric/neurologic disorders such as schizophrenia or migraine headaches. Effective January 1, 2011, there are CPT category I codes for this procedure:
90867: Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment; planning
90868: Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment; delivery and management, per session
BlueCard/National Account Issues
State or federal mandates (e.g., FEP) may dictate that all FDA-approved devices, drugs or biologics may not be considered investigational and thus these devices may be assessed only on the basis of their medical necessity. This policy was created in 2001 and updated periodically with searches of the MEDLINE database. At the time this policy was created, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had not cleared transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a therapeutic device for any neuropsychiatric disorder, including depression. |
0310T | Motor function mapping ntms | HCPCS | - Seppi K, Weintraub D, Coelho M et al. The Movement Disorder Society Evidence-Based Medicine Review Update: Treatments for the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2011; 26 Suppl 3:S42-80. |CPT||90867||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; initial, including cortical mapping, motor threshold determination, delivery and management|
|90868||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; subsequent delivery and management, per session|
|90869||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; subsequent motor threshold re-determination with delivery and management|
|ICD-9 Diagnosis||Investigational for all relevant diagnoses|
|HCPCS||0310T||Motor function mapping using non-invasive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) for therapeutic treatment planning, upper and lower extremity (new code effective 1/1/2013)|
|ICD-10-CM (effective 10/1/13)||Investigational for all relevant diagnoses|
|F20.0 - F20.9||Schizophrenia code range|
|F33.0 - F33.9||Major depressive disorder, recurrent, code range|
|G43.001 - G43.919||Migraine code range|
|ICD-10-PCS (effective 10/1/13)||ICD-10-PCS codes are only used for inpatient services. There is no specific ICD-10-PCS code for this procedure.|
|Type of Service||Medicine|
|Place of Service||Outpatient|
Depression, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Magnetic Stimulation, Transcranial
NeoPulse, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
NeuroStar, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depression
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depression
|11/20/01||Add to Medicine section||New policy|
|11/20/01||Replace policy||Policy reissued due to a correction to the word electrical in the policy statement. |
90868 | PR THERAP REPETITIVE TMS TX SUBSEQ DELIVERY & MNG | HCPCS | - Seppi K, Weintraub D, Coelho M et al. The Movement Disorder Society Evidence-Based Medicine Review Update: Treatments for the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2011; 26 Suppl 3:S42-80. |CPT||90867||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; initial, including cortical mapping, motor threshold determination, delivery and management|
|90868||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; subsequent delivery and management, per session|
|90869||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; subsequent motor threshold re-determination with delivery and management|
|ICD-9 Diagnosis||Investigational for all relevant diagnoses|
|HCPCS||0310T||Motor function mapping using non-invasive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) for therapeutic treatment planning, upper and lower extremity (new code effective 1/1/2013)|
|ICD-10-CM (effective 10/1/13)||Investigational for all relevant diagnoses|
|F20.0 - F20.9||Schizophrenia code range|
|F33.0 - F33.9||Major depressive disorder, recurrent, code range|
|G43.001 - G43.919||Migraine code range|
|ICD-10-PCS (effective 10/1/13)||ICD-10-PCS codes are only used for inpatient services. There is no specific ICD-10-PCS code for this procedure.|
|Type of Service||Medicine|
|Place of Service||Outpatient|
Depression, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Magnetic Stimulation, Transcranial
NeoPulse, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
NeuroStar, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depression
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depression
|11/20/01||Add to Medicine section||New policy|
|11/20/01||Replace policy||Policy reissued due to a correction to the word electrical in the policy statement. |
90867 | PR REPET TMS TX INITIAL W/MAP/MOTR THRESHLD/DEL&M | HCPCS | - Seppi K, Weintraub D, Coelho M et al. The Movement Disorder Society Evidence-Based Medicine Review Update: Treatments for the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2011; 26 Suppl 3:S42-80. |CPT||90867||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; initial, including cortical mapping, motor threshold determination, delivery and management|
|90868||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; subsequent delivery and management, per session|
|90869||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; subsequent motor threshold re-determination with delivery and management|
|ICD-9 Diagnosis||Investigational for all relevant diagnoses|
|HCPCS||0310T||Motor function mapping using non-invasive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) for therapeutic treatment planning, upper and lower extremity (new code effective 1/1/2013)|
|ICD-10-CM (effective 10/1/13)||Investigational for all relevant diagnoses|
|F20.0 - F20.9||Schizophrenia code range|
|F33.0 - F33.9||Major depressive disorder, recurrent, code range|
|G43.001 - G43.919||Migraine code range|
|ICD-10-PCS (effective 10/1/13)||ICD-10-PCS codes are only used for inpatient services. There is no specific ICD-10-PCS code for this procedure.|
|Type of Service||Medicine|
|Place of Service||Outpatient|
Depression, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Magnetic Stimulation, Transcranial
NeoPulse, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
NeuroStar, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depression
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depression
|11/20/01||Add to Medicine section||New policy|
|11/20/01||Replace policy||Policy reissued due to a correction to the word electrical in the policy statement. |
90869 | PR REPET TMS TX SUBSEQ MOTR THRESHLD W/DELIV & MN | HCPCS | - Seppi K, Weintraub D, Coelho M et al. The Movement Disorder Society Evidence-Based Medicine Review Update: Treatments for the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2011; 26 Suppl 3:S42-80. |CPT||90867||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; initial, including cortical mapping, motor threshold determination, delivery and management|
|90868||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; subsequent delivery and management, per session|
|90869||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; subsequent motor threshold re-determination with delivery and management|
|ICD-9 Diagnosis||Investigational for all relevant diagnoses|
|HCPCS||0310T||Motor function mapping using non-invasive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) for therapeutic treatment planning, upper and lower extremity (new code effective 1/1/2013)|
|ICD-10-CM (effective 10/1/13)||Investigational for all relevant diagnoses|
|F20.0 - F20.9||Schizophrenia code range|
|F33.0 - F33.9||Major depressive disorder, recurrent, code range|
|G43.001 - G43.919||Migraine code range|
|ICD-10-PCS (effective 10/1/13)||ICD-10-PCS codes are only used for inpatient services. There is no specific ICD-10-PCS code for this procedure.|
|Type of Service||Medicine|
|Place of Service||Outpatient|
Depression, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Magnetic Stimulation, Transcranial
NeoPulse, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
NeuroStar, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depression
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depression
|11/20/01||Add to Medicine section||New policy|
|11/20/01||Replace policy||Policy reissued due to a correction to the word electrical in the policy statement. |
0310T | Motor function mapping ntms | HCPCS | The Movement Disorder Society Evidence-Based Medicine Review Update: Treatments for the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2011; 26 Suppl 3:S42-80. |CPT||90867||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; initial, including cortical mapping, motor threshold determination, delivery and management|
|90868||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; subsequent delivery and management, per session|
|90869||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; subsequent motor threshold re-determination with delivery and management|
|ICD-9 Diagnosis||Investigational for all relevant diagnoses|
|HCPCS||0310T||Motor function mapping using non-invasive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) for therapeutic treatment planning, upper and lower extremity (new code effective 1/1/2013)|
|ICD-10-CM (effective 10/1/13)||Investigational for all relevant diagnoses|
|F20.0 - F20.9||Schizophrenia code range|
|F33.0 - F33.9||Major depressive disorder, recurrent, code range|
|G43.001 - G43.919||Migraine code range|
|ICD-10-PCS (effective 10/1/13)||ICD-10-PCS codes are only used for inpatient services. There is no specific ICD-10-PCS code for this procedure.|
|Type of Service||Medicine|
|Place of Service||Outpatient|
Depression, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Magnetic Stimulation, Transcranial
NeoPulse, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
NeuroStar, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depression
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depression
|11/20/01||Add to Medicine section||New policy|
|11/20/01||Replace policy||Policy reissued due to a correction to the word electrical in the policy statement. The statement reads: Transcranial electrical stimulation etc., but it should read: Transcranial magnetic stimulation etc. |
90868 | PR THERAP REPETITIVE TMS TX SUBSEQ DELIVERY & MNG | HCPCS | The Movement Disorder Society Evidence-Based Medicine Review Update: Treatments for the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2011; 26 Suppl 3:S42-80. |CPT||90867||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; initial, including cortical mapping, motor threshold determination, delivery and management|
|90868||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; subsequent delivery and management, per session|
|90869||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; subsequent motor threshold re-determination with delivery and management|
|ICD-9 Diagnosis||Investigational for all relevant diagnoses|
|HCPCS||0310T||Motor function mapping using non-invasive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) for therapeutic treatment planning, upper and lower extremity (new code effective 1/1/2013)|
|ICD-10-CM (effective 10/1/13)||Investigational for all relevant diagnoses|
|F20.0 - F20.9||Schizophrenia code range|
|F33.0 - F33.9||Major depressive disorder, recurrent, code range|
|G43.001 - G43.919||Migraine code range|
|ICD-10-PCS (effective 10/1/13)||ICD-10-PCS codes are only used for inpatient services. There is no specific ICD-10-PCS code for this procedure.|
|Type of Service||Medicine|
|Place of Service||Outpatient|
Depression, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Magnetic Stimulation, Transcranial
NeoPulse, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
NeuroStar, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depression
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depression
|11/20/01||Add to Medicine section||New policy|
|11/20/01||Replace policy||Policy reissued due to a correction to the word electrical in the policy statement. The statement reads: Transcranial electrical stimulation etc., but it should read: Transcranial magnetic stimulation etc. |
90867 | PR REPET TMS TX INITIAL W/MAP/MOTR THRESHLD/DEL&M | HCPCS | The Movement Disorder Society Evidence-Based Medicine Review Update: Treatments for the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2011; 26 Suppl 3:S42-80. |CPT||90867||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; initial, including cortical mapping, motor threshold determination, delivery and management|
|90868||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; subsequent delivery and management, per session|
|90869||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; subsequent motor threshold re-determination with delivery and management|
|ICD-9 Diagnosis||Investigational for all relevant diagnoses|
|HCPCS||0310T||Motor function mapping using non-invasive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) for therapeutic treatment planning, upper and lower extremity (new code effective 1/1/2013)|
|ICD-10-CM (effective 10/1/13)||Investigational for all relevant diagnoses|
|F20.0 - F20.9||Schizophrenia code range|
|F33.0 - F33.9||Major depressive disorder, recurrent, code range|
|G43.001 - G43.919||Migraine code range|
|ICD-10-PCS (effective 10/1/13)||ICD-10-PCS codes are only used for inpatient services. There is no specific ICD-10-PCS code for this procedure.|
|Type of Service||Medicine|
|Place of Service||Outpatient|
Depression, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Magnetic Stimulation, Transcranial
NeoPulse, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
NeuroStar, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depression
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depression
|11/20/01||Add to Medicine section||New policy|
|11/20/01||Replace policy||Policy reissued due to a correction to the word electrical in the policy statement. The statement reads: Transcranial electrical stimulation etc., but it should read: Transcranial magnetic stimulation etc. |
90869 | PR REPET TMS TX SUBSEQ MOTR THRESHLD W/DELIV & MN | HCPCS | The Movement Disorder Society Evidence-Based Medicine Review Update: Treatments for the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2011; 26 Suppl 3:S42-80. |CPT||90867||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; initial, including cortical mapping, motor threshold determination, delivery and management|
|90868||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; subsequent delivery and management, per session|
|90869||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; subsequent motor threshold re-determination with delivery and management|
|ICD-9 Diagnosis||Investigational for all relevant diagnoses|
|HCPCS||0310T||Motor function mapping using non-invasive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) for therapeutic treatment planning, upper and lower extremity (new code effective 1/1/2013)|
|ICD-10-CM (effective 10/1/13)||Investigational for all relevant diagnoses|
|F20.0 - F20.9||Schizophrenia code range|
|F33.0 - F33.9||Major depressive disorder, recurrent, code range|
|G43.001 - G43.919||Migraine code range|
|ICD-10-PCS (effective 10/1/13)||ICD-10-PCS codes are only used for inpatient services. There is no specific ICD-10-PCS code for this procedure.|
|Type of Service||Medicine|
|Place of Service||Outpatient|
Depression, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Magnetic Stimulation, Transcranial
NeoPulse, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
NeuroStar, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depression
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depression
|11/20/01||Add to Medicine section||New policy|
|11/20/01||Replace policy||Policy reissued due to a correction to the word electrical in the policy statement. The statement reads: Transcranial electrical stimulation etc., but it should read: Transcranial magnetic stimulation etc. |
0310T | Motor function mapping ntms | HCPCS | Mov Disord 2011; 26 Suppl 3:S42-80. |CPT||90867||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; initial, including cortical mapping, motor threshold determination, delivery and management|
|90868||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; subsequent delivery and management, per session|
|90869||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; subsequent motor threshold re-determination with delivery and management|
|ICD-9 Diagnosis||Investigational for all relevant diagnoses|
|HCPCS||0310T||Motor function mapping using non-invasive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) for therapeutic treatment planning, upper and lower extremity (new code effective 1/1/2013)|
|ICD-10-CM (effective 10/1/13)||Investigational for all relevant diagnoses|
|F20.0 - F20.9||Schizophrenia code range|
|F33.0 - F33.9||Major depressive disorder, recurrent, code range|
|G43.001 - G43.919||Migraine code range|
|ICD-10-PCS (effective 10/1/13)||ICD-10-PCS codes are only used for inpatient services. There is no specific ICD-10-PCS code for this procedure.|
|Type of Service||Medicine|
|Place of Service||Outpatient|
Depression, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Magnetic Stimulation, Transcranial
NeoPulse, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
NeuroStar, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depression
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depression
|11/20/01||Add to Medicine section||New policy|
|11/20/01||Replace policy||Policy reissued due to a correction to the word electrical in the policy statement. The statement reads: Transcranial electrical stimulation etc., but it should read: Transcranial magnetic stimulation etc. No other changes were made|
|04/29/03||Replace policy||Policy reviewed with literature search; policy statement unchanged|
|04/16/04||Replace policy||Policy reviewed with literature search; policy statement unchanged|
|3/15/05||Replace policy||Policy reviewed with literature search; policy statement unchanged; reference numbers 10–12 added|
|12/14/05||Replace policy||Policy reviewed with literature search; policy statement unchanged; reference numbers 13–15 added. |
90868 | PR THERAP REPETITIVE TMS TX SUBSEQ DELIVERY & MNG | HCPCS | Mov Disord 2011; 26 Suppl 3:S42-80. |CPT||90867||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; initial, including cortical mapping, motor threshold determination, delivery and management|
|90868||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; subsequent delivery and management, per session|
|90869||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; subsequent motor threshold re-determination with delivery and management|
|ICD-9 Diagnosis||Investigational for all relevant diagnoses|
|HCPCS||0310T||Motor function mapping using non-invasive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) for therapeutic treatment planning, upper and lower extremity (new code effective 1/1/2013)|
|ICD-10-CM (effective 10/1/13)||Investigational for all relevant diagnoses|
|F20.0 - F20.9||Schizophrenia code range|
|F33.0 - F33.9||Major depressive disorder, recurrent, code range|
|G43.001 - G43.919||Migraine code range|
|ICD-10-PCS (effective 10/1/13)||ICD-10-PCS codes are only used for inpatient services. There is no specific ICD-10-PCS code for this procedure.|
|Type of Service||Medicine|
|Place of Service||Outpatient|
Depression, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Magnetic Stimulation, Transcranial
NeoPulse, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
NeuroStar, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depression
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depression
|11/20/01||Add to Medicine section||New policy|
|11/20/01||Replace policy||Policy reissued due to a correction to the word electrical in the policy statement. The statement reads: Transcranial electrical stimulation etc., but it should read: Transcranial magnetic stimulation etc. No other changes were made|
|04/29/03||Replace policy||Policy reviewed with literature search; policy statement unchanged|
|04/16/04||Replace policy||Policy reviewed with literature search; policy statement unchanged|
|3/15/05||Replace policy||Policy reviewed with literature search; policy statement unchanged; reference numbers 10–12 added|
|12/14/05||Replace policy||Policy reviewed with literature search; policy statement unchanged; reference numbers 13–15 added. |
90867 | PR REPET TMS TX INITIAL W/MAP/MOTR THRESHLD/DEL&M | HCPCS | Mov Disord 2011; 26 Suppl 3:S42-80. |CPT||90867||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; initial, including cortical mapping, motor threshold determination, delivery and management|
|90868||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; subsequent delivery and management, per session|
|90869||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; subsequent motor threshold re-determination with delivery and management|
|ICD-9 Diagnosis||Investigational for all relevant diagnoses|
|HCPCS||0310T||Motor function mapping using non-invasive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) for therapeutic treatment planning, upper and lower extremity (new code effective 1/1/2013)|
|ICD-10-CM (effective 10/1/13)||Investigational for all relevant diagnoses|
|F20.0 - F20.9||Schizophrenia code range|
|F33.0 - F33.9||Major depressive disorder, recurrent, code range|
|G43.001 - G43.919||Migraine code range|
|ICD-10-PCS (effective 10/1/13)||ICD-10-PCS codes are only used for inpatient services. There is no specific ICD-10-PCS code for this procedure.|
|Type of Service||Medicine|
|Place of Service||Outpatient|
Depression, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Magnetic Stimulation, Transcranial
NeoPulse, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
NeuroStar, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depression
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depression
|11/20/01||Add to Medicine section||New policy|
|11/20/01||Replace policy||Policy reissued due to a correction to the word electrical in the policy statement. The statement reads: Transcranial electrical stimulation etc., but it should read: Transcranial magnetic stimulation etc. No other changes were made|
|04/29/03||Replace policy||Policy reviewed with literature search; policy statement unchanged|
|04/16/04||Replace policy||Policy reviewed with literature search; policy statement unchanged|
|3/15/05||Replace policy||Policy reviewed with literature search; policy statement unchanged; reference numbers 10–12 added|
|12/14/05||Replace policy||Policy reviewed with literature search; policy statement unchanged; reference numbers 13–15 added. |
90869 | PR REPET TMS TX SUBSEQ MOTR THRESHLD W/DELIV & MN | HCPCS | Mov Disord 2011; 26 Suppl 3:S42-80. |CPT||90867||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; initial, including cortical mapping, motor threshold determination, delivery and management|
|90868||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; subsequent delivery and management, per session|
|90869||Therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment; subsequent motor threshold re-determination with delivery and management|
|ICD-9 Diagnosis||Investigational for all relevant diagnoses|
|HCPCS||0310T||Motor function mapping using non-invasive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) for therapeutic treatment planning, upper and lower extremity (new code effective 1/1/2013)|
|ICD-10-CM (effective 10/1/13)||Investigational for all relevant diagnoses|
|F20.0 - F20.9||Schizophrenia code range|
|F33.0 - F33.9||Major depressive disorder, recurrent, code range|
|G43.001 - G43.919||Migraine code range|
|ICD-10-PCS (effective 10/1/13)||ICD-10-PCS codes are only used for inpatient services. There is no specific ICD-10-PCS code for this procedure.|
|Type of Service||Medicine|
|Place of Service||Outpatient|
Depression, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Magnetic Stimulation, Transcranial
NeoPulse, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
NeuroStar, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depression
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depression
|11/20/01||Add to Medicine section||New policy|
|11/20/01||Replace policy||Policy reissued due to a correction to the word electrical in the policy statement. The statement reads: Transcranial electrical stimulation etc., but it should read: Transcranial magnetic stimulation etc. No other changes were made|
|04/29/03||Replace policy||Policy reviewed with literature search; policy statement unchanged|
|04/16/04||Replace policy||Policy reviewed with literature search; policy statement unchanged|
|3/15/05||Replace policy||Policy reviewed with literature search; policy statement unchanged; reference numbers 10–12 added|
|12/14/05||Replace policy||Policy reviewed with literature search; policy statement unchanged; reference numbers 13–15 added. |
31615 | Visualization of windpipe | HCPCS | These are listed in Table B, with an explanation of the difference in code description from 2016. Two airway procedure codes, 31582 and 31588, were removed to correspond with the new and revised codes, noted above. Deletion of the “moderate sedation included” symbol () affected many otolaryngology endoscopy codes, such as 31615 Tracheobronchoscopy through established tracheostomy incision, the bronchoscopy codes (Eg: 31622 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; diagnostic, with cell washing, when performed (separate procedure)), and many esophagoscopy codes (Eg: 43200 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed (separate procedure)). Reporting Mental Health in Drug Screening. Major changes have occurred in mental health coding and drug screen services.The evolving public awareness of mental health, parity laws, revisions to CDC guidelines, and HCPCS Level II dual coding for drug screen services prompted more changes in 2017. |
31588 | Revision of larynx | HCPCS | These are listed in Table B, with an explanation of the difference in code description from 2016. Two airway procedure codes, 31582 and 31588, were removed to correspond with the new and revised codes, noted above. Deletion of the “moderate sedation included” symbol () affected many otolaryngology endoscopy codes, such as 31615 Tracheobronchoscopy through established tracheostomy incision, the bronchoscopy codes (Eg: 31622 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; diagnostic, with cell washing, when performed (separate procedure)), and many esophagoscopy codes (Eg: 43200 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed (separate procedure)). Reporting Mental Health in Drug Screening. Major changes have occurred in mental health coding and drug screen services.The evolving public awareness of mental health, parity laws, revisions to CDC guidelines, and HCPCS Level II dual coding for drug screen services prompted more changes in 2017. |
31582 | Revision of larynx | HCPCS | These are listed in Table B, with an explanation of the difference in code description from 2016. Two airway procedure codes, 31582 and 31588, were removed to correspond with the new and revised codes, noted above. Deletion of the “moderate sedation included” symbol () affected many otolaryngology endoscopy codes, such as 31615 Tracheobronchoscopy through established tracheostomy incision, the bronchoscopy codes (Eg: 31622 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; diagnostic, with cell washing, when performed (separate procedure)), and many esophagoscopy codes (Eg: 43200 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed (separate procedure)). Reporting Mental Health in Drug Screening. Major changes have occurred in mental health coding and drug screen services.The evolving public awareness of mental health, parity laws, revisions to CDC guidelines, and HCPCS Level II dual coding for drug screen services prompted more changes in 2017. |
31622 | PR BRNCHSC INCL FLUOR GDNCE DX W/CELL WASHG SPX | HCPCS | These are listed in Table B, with an explanation of the difference in code description from 2016. Two airway procedure codes, 31582 and 31588, were removed to correspond with the new and revised codes, noted above. Deletion of the “moderate sedation included” symbol () affected many otolaryngology endoscopy codes, such as 31615 Tracheobronchoscopy through established tracheostomy incision, the bronchoscopy codes (Eg: 31622 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; diagnostic, with cell washing, when performed (separate procedure)), and many esophagoscopy codes (Eg: 43200 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed (separate procedure)). Reporting Mental Health in Drug Screening. Major changes have occurred in mental health coding and drug screen services.The evolving public awareness of mental health, parity laws, revisions to CDC guidelines, and HCPCS Level II dual coding for drug screen services prompted more changes in 2017. |
43200 | PR ESOPHAGOSCOPY FLEXIBLE TRANSORAL DIAGNOSTIC | HCPCS | These are listed in Table B, with an explanation of the difference in code description from 2016. Two airway procedure codes, 31582 and 31588, were removed to correspond with the new and revised codes, noted above. Deletion of the “moderate sedation included” symbol () affected many otolaryngology endoscopy codes, such as 31615 Tracheobronchoscopy through established tracheostomy incision, the bronchoscopy codes (Eg: 31622 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; diagnostic, with cell washing, when performed (separate procedure)), and many esophagoscopy codes (Eg: 43200 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed (separate procedure)). Reporting Mental Health in Drug Screening. Major changes have occurred in mental health coding and drug screen services.The evolving public awareness of mental health, parity laws, revisions to CDC guidelines, and HCPCS Level II dual coding for drug screen services prompted more changes in 2017. |
31615 | Visualization of windpipe | HCPCS | Deletion of the “moderate sedation included” symbol () affected many otolaryngology endoscopy codes, such as 31615 Tracheobronchoscopy through established tracheostomy incision, the bronchoscopy codes (Eg: 31622 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; diagnostic, with cell washing, when performed (separate procedure)), and many esophagoscopy codes (Eg: 43200 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed (separate procedure)). Reporting Mental Health in Drug Screening. Major changes have occurred in mental health coding and drug screen services.The evolving public awareness of mental health, parity laws, revisions to CDC guidelines, and HCPCS Level II dual coding for drug screen services prompted more changes in 2017. In 2013, CPT® created separate reporting guidelines for physicians and other mental health clinicians. CPT® instructed physicians to report medication management through evaluation and management (E/M) codes (99201-99499), with psychotherapy reported as an add-on code,
because physicians focus on the medication management of the patient, with referrals to therapists and psychologists. |
99499 | HC CONSULTATIVE PHYSICIAN, PRIMARY PHYSICIAN, PSYCHOLOGISTS, NP | HCPCS | Deletion of the “moderate sedation included” symbol () affected many otolaryngology endoscopy codes, such as 31615 Tracheobronchoscopy through established tracheostomy incision, the bronchoscopy codes (Eg: 31622 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; diagnostic, with cell washing, when performed (separate procedure)), and many esophagoscopy codes (Eg: 43200 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed (separate procedure)). Reporting Mental Health in Drug Screening. Major changes have occurred in mental health coding and drug screen services.The evolving public awareness of mental health, parity laws, revisions to CDC guidelines, and HCPCS Level II dual coding for drug screen services prompted more changes in 2017. In 2013, CPT® created separate reporting guidelines for physicians and other mental health clinicians. CPT® instructed physicians to report medication management through evaluation and management (E/M) codes (99201-99499), with psychotherapy reported as an add-on code,
because physicians focus on the medication management of the patient, with referrals to therapists and psychologists. |
31622 | PR BRNCHSC INCL FLUOR GDNCE DX W/CELL WASHG SPX | HCPCS | Deletion of the “moderate sedation included” symbol () affected many otolaryngology endoscopy codes, such as 31615 Tracheobronchoscopy through established tracheostomy incision, the bronchoscopy codes (Eg: 31622 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; diagnostic, with cell washing, when performed (separate procedure)), and many esophagoscopy codes (Eg: 43200 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed (separate procedure)). Reporting Mental Health in Drug Screening. Major changes have occurred in mental health coding and drug screen services.The evolving public awareness of mental health, parity laws, revisions to CDC guidelines, and HCPCS Level II dual coding for drug screen services prompted more changes in 2017. In 2013, CPT® created separate reporting guidelines for physicians and other mental health clinicians. CPT® instructed physicians to report medication management through evaluation and management (E/M) codes (99201-99499), with psychotherapy reported as an add-on code,
because physicians focus on the medication management of the patient, with referrals to therapists and psychologists. |
43200 | PR ESOPHAGOSCOPY FLEXIBLE TRANSORAL DIAGNOSTIC | HCPCS | Deletion of the “moderate sedation included” symbol () affected many otolaryngology endoscopy codes, such as 31615 Tracheobronchoscopy through established tracheostomy incision, the bronchoscopy codes (Eg: 31622 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; diagnostic, with cell washing, when performed (separate procedure)), and many esophagoscopy codes (Eg: 43200 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed (separate procedure)). Reporting Mental Health in Drug Screening. Major changes have occurred in mental health coding and drug screen services.The evolving public awareness of mental health, parity laws, revisions to CDC guidelines, and HCPCS Level II dual coding for drug screen services prompted more changes in 2017. In 2013, CPT® created separate reporting guidelines for physicians and other mental health clinicians. CPT® instructed physicians to report medication management through evaluation and management (E/M) codes (99201-99499), with psychotherapy reported as an add-on code,
because physicians focus on the medication management of the patient, with referrals to therapists and psychologists. |
99201 | Office Visit New Min | HCPCS | Deletion of the “moderate sedation included” symbol () affected many otolaryngology endoscopy codes, such as 31615 Tracheobronchoscopy through established tracheostomy incision, the bronchoscopy codes (Eg: 31622 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; diagnostic, with cell washing, when performed (separate procedure)), and many esophagoscopy codes (Eg: 43200 Esophagoscopy, flexible, transoral; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed (separate procedure)). Reporting Mental Health in Drug Screening. Major changes have occurred in mental health coding and drug screen services.The evolving public awareness of mental health, parity laws, revisions to CDC guidelines, and HCPCS Level II dual coding for drug screen services prompted more changes in 2017. In 2013, CPT® created separate reporting guidelines for physicians and other mental health clinicians. CPT® instructed physicians to report medication management through evaluation and management (E/M) codes (99201-99499), with psychotherapy reported as an add-on code,
because physicians focus on the medication management of the patient, with referrals to therapists and psychologists. |
99499 | HC CONSULTATIVE PHYSICIAN, PRIMARY PHYSICIAN, PSYCHOLOGISTS, NP | HCPCS | Reporting Mental Health in Drug Screening. Major changes have occurred in mental health coding and drug screen services.The evolving public awareness of mental health, parity laws, revisions to CDC guidelines, and HCPCS Level II dual coding for drug screen services prompted more changes in 2017. In 2013, CPT® created separate reporting guidelines for physicians and other mental health clinicians. CPT® instructed physicians to report medication management through evaluation and management (E/M) codes (99201-99499), with psychotherapy reported as an add-on code,
because physicians focus on the medication management of the patient, with referrals to therapists and psychologists. For clinicians practicing only psychotherapy, CPT® created new psychotherapy codes. |
99201 | Office Visit New Min | HCPCS | Reporting Mental Health in Drug Screening. Major changes have occurred in mental health coding and drug screen services.The evolving public awareness of mental health, parity laws, revisions to CDC guidelines, and HCPCS Level II dual coding for drug screen services prompted more changes in 2017. In 2013, CPT® created separate reporting guidelines for physicians and other mental health clinicians. CPT® instructed physicians to report medication management through evaluation and management (E/M) codes (99201-99499), with psychotherapy reported as an add-on code,
because physicians focus on the medication management of the patient, with referrals to therapists and psychologists. For clinicians practicing only psychotherapy, CPT® created new psychotherapy codes. |
99499 | HC CONSULTATIVE PHYSICIAN, PRIMARY PHYSICIAN, PSYCHOLOGISTS, NP | HCPCS | Major changes have occurred in mental health coding and drug screen services.The evolving public awareness of mental health, parity laws, revisions to CDC guidelines, and HCPCS Level II dual coding for drug screen services prompted more changes in 2017. In 2013, CPT® created separate reporting guidelines for physicians and other mental health clinicians. CPT® instructed physicians to report medication management through evaluation and management (E/M) codes (99201-99499), with psychotherapy reported as an add-on code,
because physicians focus on the medication management of the patient, with referrals to therapists and psychologists. For clinicians practicing only psychotherapy, CPT® created new psychotherapy codes. This prompted the creation of new guidelines, new definitions, and clarification on time reporting. |
99201 | Office Visit New Min | HCPCS | Major changes have occurred in mental health coding and drug screen services.The evolving public awareness of mental health, parity laws, revisions to CDC guidelines, and HCPCS Level II dual coding for drug screen services prompted more changes in 2017. In 2013, CPT® created separate reporting guidelines for physicians and other mental health clinicians. CPT® instructed physicians to report medication management through evaluation and management (E/M) codes (99201-99499), with psychotherapy reported as an add-on code,
because physicians focus on the medication management of the patient, with referrals to therapists and psychologists. For clinicians practicing only psychotherapy, CPT® created new psychotherapy codes. This prompted the creation of new guidelines, new definitions, and clarification on time reporting. |
80305 | Urine Drug Screen[Panel] | HCPCS | In 2015, CPT® changed drug screening services to define them as either presumptive or definitive. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) still required providers to use an appropriate HCPCS Level II code, which CMS subsequently updated in 2016. HCPCS Level II codes adopted by CMS in 2016 for presumptive drug screen services became popular among coders and payers, forcing CPT® to adopt these code definitions in 2017. With the adoption of the new CPT® codes, CMS deleted the dual coding methodology for presumptive drug screen services in the HCPCS Level II codebook, creating a uniformed coding system for presumptive drug screen services. The new CPT® codes are:
- 80305Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures (eg, immunoassay); capable of being read by direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0477.] |
G0477 | DRUG TST PRESUMP;CPBL BEING READ DC OPT OBV ONLY | HCPCS | In 2015, CPT® changed drug screening services to define them as either presumptive or definitive. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) still required providers to use an appropriate HCPCS Level II code, which CMS subsequently updated in 2016. HCPCS Level II codes adopted by CMS in 2016 for presumptive drug screen services became popular among coders and payers, forcing CPT® to adopt these code definitions in 2017. With the adoption of the new CPT® codes, CMS deleted the dual coding methodology for presumptive drug screen services in the HCPCS Level II codebook, creating a uniformed coding system for presumptive drug screen services. The new CPT® codes are:
- 80305Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures (eg, immunoassay); capable of being read by direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0477.] |
G0478 | DRUG TEST PRESUMP;READ BY INSTRUM-AST DC OPT OBV | HCPCS | The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) still required providers to use an appropriate HCPCS Level II code, which CMS subsequently updated in 2016. HCPCS Level II codes adopted by CMS in 2016 for presumptive drug screen services became popular among coders and payers, forcing CPT® to adopt these code definitions in 2017. With the adoption of the new CPT® codes, CMS deleted the dual coding methodology for presumptive drug screen services in the HCPCS Level II codebook, creating a uniformed coding system for presumptive drug screen services. The new CPT® codes are:
- 80305Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures (eg, immunoassay); capable of being read by direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0477.] - 80306 read by instrument assisted direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0478.] |
80305 | Urine Drug Screen[Panel] | HCPCS | The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) still required providers to use an appropriate HCPCS Level II code, which CMS subsequently updated in 2016. HCPCS Level II codes adopted by CMS in 2016 for presumptive drug screen services became popular among coders and payers, forcing CPT® to adopt these code definitions in 2017. With the adoption of the new CPT® codes, CMS deleted the dual coding methodology for presumptive drug screen services in the HCPCS Level II codebook, creating a uniformed coding system for presumptive drug screen services. The new CPT® codes are:
- 80305Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures (eg, immunoassay); capable of being read by direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0477.] - 80306 read by instrument assisted direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0478.] |
G0477 | DRUG TST PRESUMP;CPBL BEING READ DC OPT OBV ONLY | HCPCS | The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) still required providers to use an appropriate HCPCS Level II code, which CMS subsequently updated in 2016. HCPCS Level II codes adopted by CMS in 2016 for presumptive drug screen services became popular among coders and payers, forcing CPT® to adopt these code definitions in 2017. With the adoption of the new CPT® codes, CMS deleted the dual coding methodology for presumptive drug screen services in the HCPCS Level II codebook, creating a uniformed coding system for presumptive drug screen services. The new CPT® codes are:
- 80305Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures (eg, immunoassay); capable of being read by direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0477.] - 80306 read by instrument assisted direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0478.] |
80306 | Drug test prsmv instrmnt | HCPCS | The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) still required providers to use an appropriate HCPCS Level II code, which CMS subsequently updated in 2016. HCPCS Level II codes adopted by CMS in 2016 for presumptive drug screen services became popular among coders and payers, forcing CPT® to adopt these code definitions in 2017. With the adoption of the new CPT® codes, CMS deleted the dual coding methodology for presumptive drug screen services in the HCPCS Level II codebook, creating a uniformed coding system for presumptive drug screen services. The new CPT® codes are:
- 80305Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures (eg, immunoassay); capable of being read by direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0477.] - 80306 read by instrument assisted direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0478.] |
80307 | TRAMADOL SCRN URINE CONFIRM | HCPCS | HCPCS Level II codes adopted by CMS in 2016 for presumptive drug screen services became popular among coders and payers, forcing CPT® to adopt these code definitions in 2017. With the adoption of the new CPT® codes, CMS deleted the dual coding methodology for presumptive drug screen services in the HCPCS Level II codebook, creating a uniformed coding system for presumptive drug screen services. The new CPT® codes are:
- 80305Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures (eg, immunoassay); capable of being read by direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0477.] - 80306 read by instrument assisted direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0478.] - 80307Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures, by instrument chemistry analyzers (eg, utilizing immunoassay [eg, EIA, ELISA, EMIT, FPIA, IA, KIMS, RIA]), chromatography (eg, GC, HPLC), and mass spectrometry either with or without chromatography, (eg, DART, DESI, GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, LDTD, MALDI, TOF) includes sample validation when performed per date of service [The old code was G0479.] |
G0479 | Drug test presump not opt | HCPCS | HCPCS Level II codes adopted by CMS in 2016 for presumptive drug screen services became popular among coders and payers, forcing CPT® to adopt these code definitions in 2017. With the adoption of the new CPT® codes, CMS deleted the dual coding methodology for presumptive drug screen services in the HCPCS Level II codebook, creating a uniformed coding system for presumptive drug screen services. The new CPT® codes are:
- 80305Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures (eg, immunoassay); capable of being read by direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0477.] - 80306 read by instrument assisted direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0478.] - 80307Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures, by instrument chemistry analyzers (eg, utilizing immunoassay [eg, EIA, ELISA, EMIT, FPIA, IA, KIMS, RIA]), chromatography (eg, GC, HPLC), and mass spectrometry either with or without chromatography, (eg, DART, DESI, GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, LDTD, MALDI, TOF) includes sample validation when performed per date of service [The old code was G0479.] |
G0478 | DRUG TEST PRESUMP;READ BY INSTRUM-AST DC OPT OBV | HCPCS | HCPCS Level II codes adopted by CMS in 2016 for presumptive drug screen services became popular among coders and payers, forcing CPT® to adopt these code definitions in 2017. With the adoption of the new CPT® codes, CMS deleted the dual coding methodology for presumptive drug screen services in the HCPCS Level II codebook, creating a uniformed coding system for presumptive drug screen services. The new CPT® codes are:
- 80305Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures (eg, immunoassay); capable of being read by direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0477.] - 80306 read by instrument assisted direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0478.] - 80307Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures, by instrument chemistry analyzers (eg, utilizing immunoassay [eg, EIA, ELISA, EMIT, FPIA, IA, KIMS, RIA]), chromatography (eg, GC, HPLC), and mass spectrometry either with or without chromatography, (eg, DART, DESI, GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, LDTD, MALDI, TOF) includes sample validation when performed per date of service [The old code was G0479.] |
80305 | Urine Drug Screen[Panel] | HCPCS | HCPCS Level II codes adopted by CMS in 2016 for presumptive drug screen services became popular among coders and payers, forcing CPT® to adopt these code definitions in 2017. With the adoption of the new CPT® codes, CMS deleted the dual coding methodology for presumptive drug screen services in the HCPCS Level II codebook, creating a uniformed coding system for presumptive drug screen services. The new CPT® codes are:
- 80305Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures (eg, immunoassay); capable of being read by direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0477.] - 80306 read by instrument assisted direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0478.] - 80307Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures, by instrument chemistry analyzers (eg, utilizing immunoassay [eg, EIA, ELISA, EMIT, FPIA, IA, KIMS, RIA]), chromatography (eg, GC, HPLC), and mass spectrometry either with or without chromatography, (eg, DART, DESI, GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, LDTD, MALDI, TOF) includes sample validation when performed per date of service [The old code was G0479.] |
G0477 | DRUG TST PRESUMP;CPBL BEING READ DC OPT OBV ONLY | HCPCS | HCPCS Level II codes adopted by CMS in 2016 for presumptive drug screen services became popular among coders and payers, forcing CPT® to adopt these code definitions in 2017. With the adoption of the new CPT® codes, CMS deleted the dual coding methodology for presumptive drug screen services in the HCPCS Level II codebook, creating a uniformed coding system for presumptive drug screen services. The new CPT® codes are:
- 80305Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures (eg, immunoassay); capable of being read by direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0477.] - 80306 read by instrument assisted direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0478.] - 80307Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures, by instrument chemistry analyzers (eg, utilizing immunoassay [eg, EIA, ELISA, EMIT, FPIA, IA, KIMS, RIA]), chromatography (eg, GC, HPLC), and mass spectrometry either with or without chromatography, (eg, DART, DESI, GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, LDTD, MALDI, TOF) includes sample validation when performed per date of service [The old code was G0479.] |
80306 | Drug test prsmv instrmnt | HCPCS | HCPCS Level II codes adopted by CMS in 2016 for presumptive drug screen services became popular among coders and payers, forcing CPT® to adopt these code definitions in 2017. With the adoption of the new CPT® codes, CMS deleted the dual coding methodology for presumptive drug screen services in the HCPCS Level II codebook, creating a uniformed coding system for presumptive drug screen services. The new CPT® codes are:
- 80305Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures (eg, immunoassay); capable of being read by direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0477.] - 80306 read by instrument assisted direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0478.] - 80307Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures, by instrument chemistry analyzers (eg, utilizing immunoassay [eg, EIA, ELISA, EMIT, FPIA, IA, KIMS, RIA]), chromatography (eg, GC, HPLC), and mass spectrometry either with or without chromatography, (eg, DART, DESI, GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, LDTD, MALDI, TOF) includes sample validation when performed per date of service [The old code was G0479.] |
80307 | TRAMADOL SCRN URINE CONFIRM | HCPCS | With the adoption of the new CPT® codes, CMS deleted the dual coding methodology for presumptive drug screen services in the HCPCS Level II codebook, creating a uniformed coding system for presumptive drug screen services. The new CPT® codes are:
- 80305Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures (eg, immunoassay); capable of being read by direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0477.] - 80306 read by instrument assisted direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0478.] - 80307Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures, by instrument chemistry analyzers (eg, utilizing immunoassay [eg, EIA, ELISA, EMIT, FPIA, IA, KIMS, RIA]), chromatography (eg, GC, HPLC), and mass spectrometry either with or without chromatography, (eg, DART, DESI, GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, LDTD, MALDI, TOF) includes sample validation when performed per date of service [The old code was G0479.] Presumptive drug screening services may be performed prior to definitive drug screen testing when a provider wants to:
- Rule out illicit drug uses;
- Confirm the presence of a particular drug class without identifying individual drugs; or
- Distinguish between structural isomers. |
G0479 | Drug test presump not opt | HCPCS | With the adoption of the new CPT® codes, CMS deleted the dual coding methodology for presumptive drug screen services in the HCPCS Level II codebook, creating a uniformed coding system for presumptive drug screen services. The new CPT® codes are:
- 80305Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures (eg, immunoassay); capable of being read by direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0477.] - 80306 read by instrument assisted direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0478.] - 80307Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures, by instrument chemistry analyzers (eg, utilizing immunoassay [eg, EIA, ELISA, EMIT, FPIA, IA, KIMS, RIA]), chromatography (eg, GC, HPLC), and mass spectrometry either with or without chromatography, (eg, DART, DESI, GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, LDTD, MALDI, TOF) includes sample validation when performed per date of service [The old code was G0479.] Presumptive drug screening services may be performed prior to definitive drug screen testing when a provider wants to:
- Rule out illicit drug uses;
- Confirm the presence of a particular drug class without identifying individual drugs; or
- Distinguish between structural isomers. |
G0478 | DRUG TEST PRESUMP;READ BY INSTRUM-AST DC OPT OBV | HCPCS | With the adoption of the new CPT® codes, CMS deleted the dual coding methodology for presumptive drug screen services in the HCPCS Level II codebook, creating a uniformed coding system for presumptive drug screen services. The new CPT® codes are:
- 80305Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures (eg, immunoassay); capable of being read by direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0477.] - 80306 read by instrument assisted direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0478.] - 80307Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures, by instrument chemistry analyzers (eg, utilizing immunoassay [eg, EIA, ELISA, EMIT, FPIA, IA, KIMS, RIA]), chromatography (eg, GC, HPLC), and mass spectrometry either with or without chromatography, (eg, DART, DESI, GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, LDTD, MALDI, TOF) includes sample validation when performed per date of service [The old code was G0479.] Presumptive drug screening services may be performed prior to definitive drug screen testing when a provider wants to:
- Rule out illicit drug uses;
- Confirm the presence of a particular drug class without identifying individual drugs; or
- Distinguish between structural isomers. |
80305 | Urine Drug Screen[Panel] | HCPCS | With the adoption of the new CPT® codes, CMS deleted the dual coding methodology for presumptive drug screen services in the HCPCS Level II codebook, creating a uniformed coding system for presumptive drug screen services. The new CPT® codes are:
- 80305Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures (eg, immunoassay); capable of being read by direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0477.] - 80306 read by instrument assisted direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0478.] - 80307Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures, by instrument chemistry analyzers (eg, utilizing immunoassay [eg, EIA, ELISA, EMIT, FPIA, IA, KIMS, RIA]), chromatography (eg, GC, HPLC), and mass spectrometry either with or without chromatography, (eg, DART, DESI, GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, LDTD, MALDI, TOF) includes sample validation when performed per date of service [The old code was G0479.] Presumptive drug screening services may be performed prior to definitive drug screen testing when a provider wants to:
- Rule out illicit drug uses;
- Confirm the presence of a particular drug class without identifying individual drugs; or
- Distinguish between structural isomers. |
G0477 | DRUG TST PRESUMP;CPBL BEING READ DC OPT OBV ONLY | HCPCS | With the adoption of the new CPT® codes, CMS deleted the dual coding methodology for presumptive drug screen services in the HCPCS Level II codebook, creating a uniformed coding system for presumptive drug screen services. The new CPT® codes are:
- 80305Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures (eg, immunoassay); capable of being read by direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0477.] - 80306 read by instrument assisted direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0478.] - 80307Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures, by instrument chemistry analyzers (eg, utilizing immunoassay [eg, EIA, ELISA, EMIT, FPIA, IA, KIMS, RIA]), chromatography (eg, GC, HPLC), and mass spectrometry either with or without chromatography, (eg, DART, DESI, GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, LDTD, MALDI, TOF) includes sample validation when performed per date of service [The old code was G0479.] Presumptive drug screening services may be performed prior to definitive drug screen testing when a provider wants to:
- Rule out illicit drug uses;
- Confirm the presence of a particular drug class without identifying individual drugs; or
- Distinguish between structural isomers. |
80306 | Drug test prsmv instrmnt | HCPCS | With the adoption of the new CPT® codes, CMS deleted the dual coding methodology for presumptive drug screen services in the HCPCS Level II codebook, creating a uniformed coding system for presumptive drug screen services. The new CPT® codes are:
- 80305Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures (eg, immunoassay); capable of being read by direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0477.] - 80306 read by instrument assisted direct optical observation only (eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, cartridges) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service [The old code was G0478.] - 80307Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures, by instrument chemistry analyzers (eg, utilizing immunoassay [eg, EIA, ELISA, EMIT, FPIA, IA, KIMS, RIA]), chromatography (eg, GC, HPLC), and mass spectrometry either with or without chromatography, (eg, DART, DESI, GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, LDTD, MALDI, TOF) includes sample validation when performed per date of service [The old code was G0479.] Presumptive drug screening services may be performed prior to definitive drug screen testing when a provider wants to:
- Rule out illicit drug uses;
- Confirm the presence of a particular drug class without identifying individual drugs; or
- Distinguish between structural isomers. |
20526 | PR INJECTION THERAPEUTIC CARPAL TUNNEL | HCPCS | To achieve coverage and payment, the provider should document the conservative treatment provided, along with the patient’s response to these methods. Following more conservative treatments, an injection performed in the wrist with corticosteroids and/or anesthetics can provide temporary relief of the symptoms. The injection is reported with 20526 Injection, therapeutic (Eg: Local anesthetic corticosteroid), carpal tunnel. If one performs this service in an office setting and purchase the medication, the corticosteroid using the appropriate HCPCS Level II code (In a hospital or outpatient setting, the facility codes for the drug) should be coded. A more productive intervention is for the physician to perform a release of the ligament, through either an endoscopic or open approach. |
20526 | PR INJECTION THERAPEUTIC CARPAL TUNNEL | HCPCS | Following more conservative treatments, an injection performed in the wrist with corticosteroids and/or anesthetics can provide temporary relief of the symptoms. The injection is reported with 20526 Injection, therapeutic (Eg: Local anesthetic corticosteroid), carpal tunnel. If one performs this service in an office setting and purchase the medication, the corticosteroid using the appropriate HCPCS Level II code (In a hospital or outpatient setting, the facility codes for the drug) should be coded. A more productive intervention is for the physician to perform a release of the ligament, through either an endoscopic or open approach. The endoscope is placed into the wrist through a small incision in the wrist joint. |
1993 | IMP EAR RICHARDS 0.6X3.5MM | CDM | TABLE 3.2 US TBI Incidence Studies: Case Identification, Data Source, and TBI Severity Scoring Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Annegers et al., 1935 to Olmstead Record linkage with head injury, with concussion, with LOC, PTA, Fatal: (< 28 days); Severe: intracranial 1980 1974 County, MN neurological signs of brain injury or skull fracture concussion, with hematoma, contusion or LOC > 24 LOC, PTA, neurologicsigns of TBI hours, or PTA > 24 hours; Moderate: LOC or PTA 30 minutes to 24 hours, skull fracture, or both; Mild: LOC or PTA < 30 minutes without skull fracture Klauber et al., 1978 San Diego ICDA-8 Codes 800, 801, 804 806, and 850â854 with hospital GCS of 3, 4â5, 6â7, 8â15 1981 County, CA admission diagnosis or cause of death with skull fracture, LOC, PTA neurological Rimel, 1981 1977 to Central Virginia CNS referral patients with significant head injury admitted to GCS (3â5, 6â8, 9â11, 12â15); severe 1979 neurosurgical service unit. Prehospital deaths from medical examiner = < 8; moderate = 9â11; mild = 12â15 Jagger et al., 1978 North Central Patients within defined service area with overnight stay, and Not reported 1984b Virginia documented head injuries Kraus et al., 1984 1981 San Diego Physician-diagnosed physical damage from acute mechanical energy Modified GCS: severe 8; moderate County, CA exchange resulting in concussion, hemorrhage, contusion, or = 9â11; plus hospital stay of 4â8 laceration of brain hours and brain surgery, or abnormal CT, or GCS 9â12; mild = all others, GCS 13â15 Whitman et al., 1979 to Inner city Any hospital discharge diagnosis of ICD-9-CM 800â804, 830, 850â (1) Fatal; (2) Severe = intracranial 1984 1980 Chicago and 854, 873, 920, 959. Injury within 7 days prior to hospital visit and hematoma, LOC /PTA > 24 hours Evanston, IL blow to head/face with LOC, or laceration of scalp or forehead contusion; (3) Moderate + LOC or PTA 30 minutes to < 24 hours; (4) Mild + LOC or PTA < 30 minutes; (5) Trivial + remainder Fife et al., 1986 1979 to Rhode Island All admissions to Rhode Island hospitals Professional Activities Severity not evaluated 1980 Study (PAS) using ICD-9 codes 800â801.9, 803â804.9, 850â854.9 Fife, 1987 1977 to US US National Health Interview Survey translated rates ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 1981 801.9, 803â803.9, 850â854.9 71
72 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring MacKenzie et al., 1986 Maryland ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 ICDMAPâconverts ICD codes to 1989a Abbreviated Injury Severity Scores MacKenzie et al., 1979 to Maryland ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 ICDMAPâconverts ICD codes to 1990 1986 Abbreviated Injury Severity Scores Fuortes et al., 1984 to Iowa State central head injury registry of hospital discharge abstracts Not reported 1990 1986 Oklahoma State 1979 to Oklahoma Hospital discharge codes ICD-9-CM 800â800.9, 801â801.9, 803â AIS 1 = minor AIS 2 = moderate Department of 1986 803.9, 804â804.9, 850â850.9, 851â851.9, 852â852.9, 853â853.9, AIS 3 = 3â5 = severe Health, 1991 854â854.9, 905, 907. Excluded ED visits, ME probable cause of death for TBI Cooper et al., 1980 to Bronx, NY Hospital/ED logs and ICD-9-CM codes 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Not reported 1983 1981 Schuster, 1994 1989 to Massachusetts State vital statistics mortality file ICD-9; codes 800â802, 803â804, Not reported 1991 850â854, 873 State uniform hospital discharge data set ICD-9 CM codes 800â 801,803â804, 850â851 Warren et al., 1991 to Alaska State Trauma Registry ICD-9-CM codes 800â804, 850â854, 950â954 Not reported 1995 1993 Thurman et al., 1990 to Utah Discharge date from all Utah acute care hospitals and state vital (1) Initial GCS: Severe = < 8; 1996 1992 records using ICD-9-CM codes 800â801.9, 803â804.9, and 850â Moderate = 9â12; mild = 13â15; (2) 854.1 in any primary or secondary data fields Demonstrated intracranial traumatic lesions; (3) Focal abnormalities on neurological examination Diamond, 1996 1988 to Virginia All ED treated patients from Virginia Brain Injury Central Registry Severity not evaluated 1993 including hospital admitted ICD-9-CM codes 850â854.1, 800â804.9, 348.1, 900â900.9, 950â951.9 Gabella et al., 1990 to Colorado, Hospital discharge data for all state hospitals or healthcare providers No severity data reported 1997a 1993 Missouri, Oklahoma, Utah
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Gabella et al., 1991 to Colorado Colorado surveillance system of hospitalized and fatal TBI using ICDMAP using as many as 5 ICD 1997b 1992 ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 discharge diagnoses. Severe TBI = died or ISS > 9 Sosin et al., 1996 1991 US Self-reported data from US National Health Interview Survey Injury Severity not evaluated Supplement. |
1994 | IMP PIST RICHARDS 0.6X4MM | CDM | TABLE 3.2 US TBI Incidence Studies: Case Identification, Data Source, and TBI Severity Scoring Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Annegers et al., 1935 to Olmstead Record linkage with head injury, with concussion, with LOC, PTA, Fatal: (< 28 days); Severe: intracranial 1980 1974 County, MN neurological signs of brain injury or skull fracture concussion, with hematoma, contusion or LOC > 24 LOC, PTA, neurologicsigns of TBI hours, or PTA > 24 hours; Moderate: LOC or PTA 30 minutes to 24 hours, skull fracture, or both; Mild: LOC or PTA < 30 minutes without skull fracture Klauber et al., 1978 San Diego ICDA-8 Codes 800, 801, 804 806, and 850â854 with hospital GCS of 3, 4â5, 6â7, 8â15 1981 County, CA admission diagnosis or cause of death with skull fracture, LOC, PTA neurological Rimel, 1981 1977 to Central Virginia CNS referral patients with significant head injury admitted to GCS (3â5, 6â8, 9â11, 12â15); severe 1979 neurosurgical service unit. Prehospital deaths from medical examiner = < 8; moderate = 9â11; mild = 12â15 Jagger et al., 1978 North Central Patients within defined service area with overnight stay, and Not reported 1984b Virginia documented head injuries Kraus et al., 1984 1981 San Diego Physician-diagnosed physical damage from acute mechanical energy Modified GCS: severe 8; moderate County, CA exchange resulting in concussion, hemorrhage, contusion, or = 9â11; plus hospital stay of 4â8 laceration of brain hours and brain surgery, or abnormal CT, or GCS 9â12; mild = all others, GCS 13â15 Whitman et al., 1979 to Inner city Any hospital discharge diagnosis of ICD-9-CM 800â804, 830, 850â (1) Fatal; (2) Severe = intracranial 1984 1980 Chicago and 854, 873, 920, 959. Injury within 7 days prior to hospital visit and hematoma, LOC /PTA > 24 hours Evanston, IL blow to head/face with LOC, or laceration of scalp or forehead contusion; (3) Moderate + LOC or PTA 30 minutes to < 24 hours; (4) Mild + LOC or PTA < 30 minutes; (5) Trivial + remainder Fife et al., 1986 1979 to Rhode Island All admissions to Rhode Island hospitals Professional Activities Severity not evaluated 1980 Study (PAS) using ICD-9 codes 800â801.9, 803â804.9, 850â854.9 Fife, 1987 1977 to US US National Health Interview Survey translated rates ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 1981 801.9, 803â803.9, 850â854.9 71
72 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring MacKenzie et al., 1986 Maryland ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 ICDMAPâconverts ICD codes to 1989a Abbreviated Injury Severity Scores MacKenzie et al., 1979 to Maryland ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 ICDMAPâconverts ICD codes to 1990 1986 Abbreviated Injury Severity Scores Fuortes et al., 1984 to Iowa State central head injury registry of hospital discharge abstracts Not reported 1990 1986 Oklahoma State 1979 to Oklahoma Hospital discharge codes ICD-9-CM 800â800.9, 801â801.9, 803â AIS 1 = minor AIS 2 = moderate Department of 1986 803.9, 804â804.9, 850â850.9, 851â851.9, 852â852.9, 853â853.9, AIS 3 = 3â5 = severe Health, 1991 854â854.9, 905, 907. Excluded ED visits, ME probable cause of death for TBI Cooper et al., 1980 to Bronx, NY Hospital/ED logs and ICD-9-CM codes 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Not reported 1983 1981 Schuster, 1994 1989 to Massachusetts State vital statistics mortality file ICD-9; codes 800â802, 803â804, Not reported 1991 850â854, 873 State uniform hospital discharge data set ICD-9 CM codes 800â 801,803â804, 850â851 Warren et al., 1991 to Alaska State Trauma Registry ICD-9-CM codes 800â804, 850â854, 950â954 Not reported 1995 1993 Thurman et al., 1990 to Utah Discharge date from all Utah acute care hospitals and state vital (1) Initial GCS: Severe = < 8; 1996 1992 records using ICD-9-CM codes 800â801.9, 803â804.9, and 850â Moderate = 9â12; mild = 13â15; (2) 854.1 in any primary or secondary data fields Demonstrated intracranial traumatic lesions; (3) Focal abnormalities on neurological examination Diamond, 1996 1988 to Virginia All ED treated patients from Virginia Brain Injury Central Registry Severity not evaluated 1993 including hospital admitted ICD-9-CM codes 850â854.1, 800â804.9, 348.1, 900â900.9, 950â951.9 Gabella et al., 1990 to Colorado, Hospital discharge data for all state hospitals or healthcare providers No severity data reported 1997a 1993 Missouri, Oklahoma, Utah
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Gabella et al., 1991 to Colorado Colorado surveillance system of hospitalized and fatal TBI using ICDMAP using as many as 5 ICD 1997b 1992 ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 discharge diagnoses. Severe TBI = died or ISS > 9 Sosin et al., 1996 1991 US Self-reported data from US National Health Interview Survey Injury Severity not evaluated Supplement. |
1995 | IMP PIST 0.6X4.5MM | CDM | TABLE 3.2 US TBI Incidence Studies: Case Identification, Data Source, and TBI Severity Scoring Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Annegers et al., 1935 to Olmstead Record linkage with head injury, with concussion, with LOC, PTA, Fatal: (< 28 days); Severe: intracranial 1980 1974 County, MN neurological signs of brain injury or skull fracture concussion, with hematoma, contusion or LOC > 24 LOC, PTA, neurologicsigns of TBI hours, or PTA > 24 hours; Moderate: LOC or PTA 30 minutes to 24 hours, skull fracture, or both; Mild: LOC or PTA < 30 minutes without skull fracture Klauber et al., 1978 San Diego ICDA-8 Codes 800, 801, 804 806, and 850â854 with hospital GCS of 3, 4â5, 6â7, 8â15 1981 County, CA admission diagnosis or cause of death with skull fracture, LOC, PTA neurological Rimel, 1981 1977 to Central Virginia CNS referral patients with significant head injury admitted to GCS (3â5, 6â8, 9â11, 12â15); severe 1979 neurosurgical service unit. Prehospital deaths from medical examiner = < 8; moderate = 9â11; mild = 12â15 Jagger et al., 1978 North Central Patients within defined service area with overnight stay, and Not reported 1984b Virginia documented head injuries Kraus et al., 1984 1981 San Diego Physician-diagnosed physical damage from acute mechanical energy Modified GCS: severe 8; moderate County, CA exchange resulting in concussion, hemorrhage, contusion, or = 9â11; plus hospital stay of 4â8 laceration of brain hours and brain surgery, or abnormal CT, or GCS 9â12; mild = all others, GCS 13â15 Whitman et al., 1979 to Inner city Any hospital discharge diagnosis of ICD-9-CM 800â804, 830, 850â (1) Fatal; (2) Severe = intracranial 1984 1980 Chicago and 854, 873, 920, 959. Injury within 7 days prior to hospital visit and hematoma, LOC /PTA > 24 hours Evanston, IL blow to head/face with LOC, or laceration of scalp or forehead contusion; (3) Moderate + LOC or PTA 30 minutes to < 24 hours; (4) Mild + LOC or PTA < 30 minutes; (5) Trivial + remainder Fife et al., 1986 1979 to Rhode Island All admissions to Rhode Island hospitals Professional Activities Severity not evaluated 1980 Study (PAS) using ICD-9 codes 800â801.9, 803â804.9, 850â854.9 Fife, 1987 1977 to US US National Health Interview Survey translated rates ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 1981 801.9, 803â803.9, 850â854.9 71
72 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring MacKenzie et al., 1986 Maryland ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 ICDMAPâconverts ICD codes to 1989a Abbreviated Injury Severity Scores MacKenzie et al., 1979 to Maryland ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 ICDMAPâconverts ICD codes to 1990 1986 Abbreviated Injury Severity Scores Fuortes et al., 1984 to Iowa State central head injury registry of hospital discharge abstracts Not reported 1990 1986 Oklahoma State 1979 to Oklahoma Hospital discharge codes ICD-9-CM 800â800.9, 801â801.9, 803â AIS 1 = minor AIS 2 = moderate Department of 1986 803.9, 804â804.9, 850â850.9, 851â851.9, 852â852.9, 853â853.9, AIS 3 = 3â5 = severe Health, 1991 854â854.9, 905, 907. Excluded ED visits, ME probable cause of death for TBI Cooper et al., 1980 to Bronx, NY Hospital/ED logs and ICD-9-CM codes 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Not reported 1983 1981 Schuster, 1994 1989 to Massachusetts State vital statistics mortality file ICD-9; codes 800â802, 803â804, Not reported 1991 850â854, 873 State uniform hospital discharge data set ICD-9 CM codes 800â 801,803â804, 850â851 Warren et al., 1991 to Alaska State Trauma Registry ICD-9-CM codes 800â804, 850â854, 950â954 Not reported 1995 1993 Thurman et al., 1990 to Utah Discharge date from all Utah acute care hospitals and state vital (1) Initial GCS: Severe = < 8; 1996 1992 records using ICD-9-CM codes 800â801.9, 803â804.9, and 850â Moderate = 9â12; mild = 13â15; (2) 854.1 in any primary or secondary data fields Demonstrated intracranial traumatic lesions; (3) Focal abnormalities on neurological examination Diamond, 1996 1988 to Virginia All ED treated patients from Virginia Brain Injury Central Registry Severity not evaluated 1993 including hospital admitted ICD-9-CM codes 850â854.1, 800â804.9, 348.1, 900â900.9, 950â951.9 Gabella et al., 1990 to Colorado, Hospital discharge data for all state hospitals or healthcare providers No severity data reported 1997a 1993 Missouri, Oklahoma, Utah
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Gabella et al., 1991 to Colorado Colorado surveillance system of hospitalized and fatal TBI using ICDMAP using as many as 5 ICD 1997b 1992 ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 discharge diagnoses. Severe TBI = died or ISS > 9 Sosin et al., 1996 1991 US Self-reported data from US National Health Interview Survey Injury Severity not evaluated Supplement. |
1993 | IMP EAR RICHARDS 0.6X3.5MM | CDM | Prehospital deaths from medical examiner = < 8; moderate = 9â11; mild = 12â15 Jagger et al., 1978 North Central Patients within defined service area with overnight stay, and Not reported 1984b Virginia documented head injuries Kraus et al., 1984 1981 San Diego Physician-diagnosed physical damage from acute mechanical energy Modified GCS: severe 8; moderate County, CA exchange resulting in concussion, hemorrhage, contusion, or = 9â11; plus hospital stay of 4â8 laceration of brain hours and brain surgery, or abnormal CT, or GCS 9â12; mild = all others, GCS 13â15 Whitman et al., 1979 to Inner city Any hospital discharge diagnosis of ICD-9-CM 800â804, 830, 850â (1) Fatal; (2) Severe = intracranial 1984 1980 Chicago and 854, 873, 920, 959. Injury within 7 days prior to hospital visit and hematoma, LOC /PTA > 24 hours Evanston, IL blow to head/face with LOC, or laceration of scalp or forehead contusion; (3) Moderate + LOC or PTA 30 minutes to < 24 hours; (4) Mild + LOC or PTA < 30 minutes; (5) Trivial + remainder Fife et al., 1986 1979 to Rhode Island All admissions to Rhode Island hospitals Professional Activities Severity not evaluated 1980 Study (PAS) using ICD-9 codes 800â801.9, 803â804.9, 850â854.9 Fife, 1987 1977 to US US National Health Interview Survey translated rates ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 1981 801.9, 803â803.9, 850â854.9 71
72 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring MacKenzie et al., 1986 Maryland ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 ICDMAPâconverts ICD codes to 1989a Abbreviated Injury Severity Scores MacKenzie et al., 1979 to Maryland ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 ICDMAPâconverts ICD codes to 1990 1986 Abbreviated Injury Severity Scores Fuortes et al., 1984 to Iowa State central head injury registry of hospital discharge abstracts Not reported 1990 1986 Oklahoma State 1979 to Oklahoma Hospital discharge codes ICD-9-CM 800â800.9, 801â801.9, 803â AIS 1 = minor AIS 2 = moderate Department of 1986 803.9, 804â804.9, 850â850.9, 851â851.9, 852â852.9, 853â853.9, AIS 3 = 3â5 = severe Health, 1991 854â854.9, 905, 907. Excluded ED visits, ME probable cause of death for TBI Cooper et al., 1980 to Bronx, NY Hospital/ED logs and ICD-9-CM codes 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Not reported 1983 1981 Schuster, 1994 1989 to Massachusetts State vital statistics mortality file ICD-9; codes 800â802, 803â804, Not reported 1991 850â854, 873 State uniform hospital discharge data set ICD-9 CM codes 800â 801,803â804, 850â851 Warren et al., 1991 to Alaska State Trauma Registry ICD-9-CM codes 800â804, 850â854, 950â954 Not reported 1995 1993 Thurman et al., 1990 to Utah Discharge date from all Utah acute care hospitals and state vital (1) Initial GCS: Severe = < 8; 1996 1992 records using ICD-9-CM codes 800â801.9, 803â804.9, and 850â Moderate = 9â12; mild = 13â15; (2) 854.1 in any primary or secondary data fields Demonstrated intracranial traumatic lesions; (3) Focal abnormalities on neurological examination Diamond, 1996 1988 to Virginia All ED treated patients from Virginia Brain Injury Central Registry Severity not evaluated 1993 including hospital admitted ICD-9-CM codes 850â854.1, 800â804.9, 348.1, 900â900.9, 950â951.9 Gabella et al., 1990 to Colorado, Hospital discharge data for all state hospitals or healthcare providers No severity data reported 1997a 1993 Missouri, Oklahoma, Utah
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Gabella et al., 1991 to Colorado Colorado surveillance system of hospitalized and fatal TBI using ICDMAP using as many as 5 ICD 1997b 1992 ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 discharge diagnoses. Severe TBI = died or ISS > 9 Sosin et al., 1996 1991 US Self-reported data from US National Health Interview Survey Injury Severity not evaluated Supplement. Mild and moderate brain injury defined as loss of consciousness in previous 2 months Thurman and 1980 to US All hospital discharge records with one or more ICD-9-CM code(s) of ICDMAP used to convert ICD codes Guerrero, 1999 1995 800â801.9, 803â804.9 or 850â854.1 from the National Hospital to approximate Abbreviated Injury Discharge Survey Scale Scores. |
1994 | IMP PIST RICHARDS 0.6X4MM | CDM | Prehospital deaths from medical examiner = < 8; moderate = 9â11; mild = 12â15 Jagger et al., 1978 North Central Patients within defined service area with overnight stay, and Not reported 1984b Virginia documented head injuries Kraus et al., 1984 1981 San Diego Physician-diagnosed physical damage from acute mechanical energy Modified GCS: severe 8; moderate County, CA exchange resulting in concussion, hemorrhage, contusion, or = 9â11; plus hospital stay of 4â8 laceration of brain hours and brain surgery, or abnormal CT, or GCS 9â12; mild = all others, GCS 13â15 Whitman et al., 1979 to Inner city Any hospital discharge diagnosis of ICD-9-CM 800â804, 830, 850â (1) Fatal; (2) Severe = intracranial 1984 1980 Chicago and 854, 873, 920, 959. Injury within 7 days prior to hospital visit and hematoma, LOC /PTA > 24 hours Evanston, IL blow to head/face with LOC, or laceration of scalp or forehead contusion; (3) Moderate + LOC or PTA 30 minutes to < 24 hours; (4) Mild + LOC or PTA < 30 minutes; (5) Trivial + remainder Fife et al., 1986 1979 to Rhode Island All admissions to Rhode Island hospitals Professional Activities Severity not evaluated 1980 Study (PAS) using ICD-9 codes 800â801.9, 803â804.9, 850â854.9 Fife, 1987 1977 to US US National Health Interview Survey translated rates ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 1981 801.9, 803â803.9, 850â854.9 71
72 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring MacKenzie et al., 1986 Maryland ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 ICDMAPâconverts ICD codes to 1989a Abbreviated Injury Severity Scores MacKenzie et al., 1979 to Maryland ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 ICDMAPâconverts ICD codes to 1990 1986 Abbreviated Injury Severity Scores Fuortes et al., 1984 to Iowa State central head injury registry of hospital discharge abstracts Not reported 1990 1986 Oklahoma State 1979 to Oklahoma Hospital discharge codes ICD-9-CM 800â800.9, 801â801.9, 803â AIS 1 = minor AIS 2 = moderate Department of 1986 803.9, 804â804.9, 850â850.9, 851â851.9, 852â852.9, 853â853.9, AIS 3 = 3â5 = severe Health, 1991 854â854.9, 905, 907. Excluded ED visits, ME probable cause of death for TBI Cooper et al., 1980 to Bronx, NY Hospital/ED logs and ICD-9-CM codes 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Not reported 1983 1981 Schuster, 1994 1989 to Massachusetts State vital statistics mortality file ICD-9; codes 800â802, 803â804, Not reported 1991 850â854, 873 State uniform hospital discharge data set ICD-9 CM codes 800â 801,803â804, 850â851 Warren et al., 1991 to Alaska State Trauma Registry ICD-9-CM codes 800â804, 850â854, 950â954 Not reported 1995 1993 Thurman et al., 1990 to Utah Discharge date from all Utah acute care hospitals and state vital (1) Initial GCS: Severe = < 8; 1996 1992 records using ICD-9-CM codes 800â801.9, 803â804.9, and 850â Moderate = 9â12; mild = 13â15; (2) 854.1 in any primary or secondary data fields Demonstrated intracranial traumatic lesions; (3) Focal abnormalities on neurological examination Diamond, 1996 1988 to Virginia All ED treated patients from Virginia Brain Injury Central Registry Severity not evaluated 1993 including hospital admitted ICD-9-CM codes 850â854.1, 800â804.9, 348.1, 900â900.9, 950â951.9 Gabella et al., 1990 to Colorado, Hospital discharge data for all state hospitals or healthcare providers No severity data reported 1997a 1993 Missouri, Oklahoma, Utah
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Gabella et al., 1991 to Colorado Colorado surveillance system of hospitalized and fatal TBI using ICDMAP using as many as 5 ICD 1997b 1992 ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 discharge diagnoses. Severe TBI = died or ISS > 9 Sosin et al., 1996 1991 US Self-reported data from US National Health Interview Survey Injury Severity not evaluated Supplement. Mild and moderate brain injury defined as loss of consciousness in previous 2 months Thurman and 1980 to US All hospital discharge records with one or more ICD-9-CM code(s) of ICDMAP used to convert ICD codes Guerrero, 1999 1995 800â801.9, 803â804.9 or 850â854.1 from the National Hospital to approximate Abbreviated Injury Discharge Survey Scale Scores. |
1995 | IMP PIST 0.6X4.5MM | CDM | Prehospital deaths from medical examiner = < 8; moderate = 9â11; mild = 12â15 Jagger et al., 1978 North Central Patients within defined service area with overnight stay, and Not reported 1984b Virginia documented head injuries Kraus et al., 1984 1981 San Diego Physician-diagnosed physical damage from acute mechanical energy Modified GCS: severe 8; moderate County, CA exchange resulting in concussion, hemorrhage, contusion, or = 9â11; plus hospital stay of 4â8 laceration of brain hours and brain surgery, or abnormal CT, or GCS 9â12; mild = all others, GCS 13â15 Whitman et al., 1979 to Inner city Any hospital discharge diagnosis of ICD-9-CM 800â804, 830, 850â (1) Fatal; (2) Severe = intracranial 1984 1980 Chicago and 854, 873, 920, 959. Injury within 7 days prior to hospital visit and hematoma, LOC /PTA > 24 hours Evanston, IL blow to head/face with LOC, or laceration of scalp or forehead contusion; (3) Moderate + LOC or PTA 30 minutes to < 24 hours; (4) Mild + LOC or PTA < 30 minutes; (5) Trivial + remainder Fife et al., 1986 1979 to Rhode Island All admissions to Rhode Island hospitals Professional Activities Severity not evaluated 1980 Study (PAS) using ICD-9 codes 800â801.9, 803â804.9, 850â854.9 Fife, 1987 1977 to US US National Health Interview Survey translated rates ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 1981 801.9, 803â803.9, 850â854.9 71
72 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring MacKenzie et al., 1986 Maryland ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 ICDMAPâconverts ICD codes to 1989a Abbreviated Injury Severity Scores MacKenzie et al., 1979 to Maryland ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 ICDMAPâconverts ICD codes to 1990 1986 Abbreviated Injury Severity Scores Fuortes et al., 1984 to Iowa State central head injury registry of hospital discharge abstracts Not reported 1990 1986 Oklahoma State 1979 to Oklahoma Hospital discharge codes ICD-9-CM 800â800.9, 801â801.9, 803â AIS 1 = minor AIS 2 = moderate Department of 1986 803.9, 804â804.9, 850â850.9, 851â851.9, 852â852.9, 853â853.9, AIS 3 = 3â5 = severe Health, 1991 854â854.9, 905, 907. Excluded ED visits, ME probable cause of death for TBI Cooper et al., 1980 to Bronx, NY Hospital/ED logs and ICD-9-CM codes 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Not reported 1983 1981 Schuster, 1994 1989 to Massachusetts State vital statistics mortality file ICD-9; codes 800â802, 803â804, Not reported 1991 850â854, 873 State uniform hospital discharge data set ICD-9 CM codes 800â 801,803â804, 850â851 Warren et al., 1991 to Alaska State Trauma Registry ICD-9-CM codes 800â804, 850â854, 950â954 Not reported 1995 1993 Thurman et al., 1990 to Utah Discharge date from all Utah acute care hospitals and state vital (1) Initial GCS: Severe = < 8; 1996 1992 records using ICD-9-CM codes 800â801.9, 803â804.9, and 850â Moderate = 9â12; mild = 13â15; (2) 854.1 in any primary or secondary data fields Demonstrated intracranial traumatic lesions; (3) Focal abnormalities on neurological examination Diamond, 1996 1988 to Virginia All ED treated patients from Virginia Brain Injury Central Registry Severity not evaluated 1993 including hospital admitted ICD-9-CM codes 850â854.1, 800â804.9, 348.1, 900â900.9, 950â951.9 Gabella et al., 1990 to Colorado, Hospital discharge data for all state hospitals or healthcare providers No severity data reported 1997a 1993 Missouri, Oklahoma, Utah
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Gabella et al., 1991 to Colorado Colorado surveillance system of hospitalized and fatal TBI using ICDMAP using as many as 5 ICD 1997b 1992 ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 discharge diagnoses. Severe TBI = died or ISS > 9 Sosin et al., 1996 1991 US Self-reported data from US National Health Interview Survey Injury Severity not evaluated Supplement. Mild and moderate brain injury defined as loss of consciousness in previous 2 months Thurman and 1980 to US All hospital discharge records with one or more ICD-9-CM code(s) of ICDMAP used to convert ICD codes Guerrero, 1999 1995 800â801.9, 803â804.9 or 850â854.1 from the National Hospital to approximate Abbreviated Injury Discharge Survey Scale Scores. |
1993 | IMP EAR RICHARDS 0.6X3.5MM | CDM | Injury within 7 days prior to hospital visit and hematoma, LOC /PTA > 24 hours Evanston, IL blow to head/face with LOC, or laceration of scalp or forehead contusion; (3) Moderate + LOC or PTA 30 minutes to < 24 hours; (4) Mild + LOC or PTA < 30 minutes; (5) Trivial + remainder Fife et al., 1986 1979 to Rhode Island All admissions to Rhode Island hospitals Professional Activities Severity not evaluated 1980 Study (PAS) using ICD-9 codes 800â801.9, 803â804.9, 850â854.9 Fife, 1987 1977 to US US National Health Interview Survey translated rates ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 1981 801.9, 803â803.9, 850â854.9 71
72 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring MacKenzie et al., 1986 Maryland ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 ICDMAPâconverts ICD codes to 1989a Abbreviated Injury Severity Scores MacKenzie et al., 1979 to Maryland ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 ICDMAPâconverts ICD codes to 1990 1986 Abbreviated Injury Severity Scores Fuortes et al., 1984 to Iowa State central head injury registry of hospital discharge abstracts Not reported 1990 1986 Oklahoma State 1979 to Oklahoma Hospital discharge codes ICD-9-CM 800â800.9, 801â801.9, 803â AIS 1 = minor AIS 2 = moderate Department of 1986 803.9, 804â804.9, 850â850.9, 851â851.9, 852â852.9, 853â853.9, AIS 3 = 3â5 = severe Health, 1991 854â854.9, 905, 907. Excluded ED visits, ME probable cause of death for TBI Cooper et al., 1980 to Bronx, NY Hospital/ED logs and ICD-9-CM codes 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Not reported 1983 1981 Schuster, 1994 1989 to Massachusetts State vital statistics mortality file ICD-9; codes 800â802, 803â804, Not reported 1991 850â854, 873 State uniform hospital discharge data set ICD-9 CM codes 800â 801,803â804, 850â851 Warren et al., 1991 to Alaska State Trauma Registry ICD-9-CM codes 800â804, 850â854, 950â954 Not reported 1995 1993 Thurman et al., 1990 to Utah Discharge date from all Utah acute care hospitals and state vital (1) Initial GCS: Severe = < 8; 1996 1992 records using ICD-9-CM codes 800â801.9, 803â804.9, and 850â Moderate = 9â12; mild = 13â15; (2) 854.1 in any primary or secondary data fields Demonstrated intracranial traumatic lesions; (3) Focal abnormalities on neurological examination Diamond, 1996 1988 to Virginia All ED treated patients from Virginia Brain Injury Central Registry Severity not evaluated 1993 including hospital admitted ICD-9-CM codes 850â854.1, 800â804.9, 348.1, 900â900.9, 950â951.9 Gabella et al., 1990 to Colorado, Hospital discharge data for all state hospitals or healthcare providers No severity data reported 1997a 1993 Missouri, Oklahoma, Utah
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Gabella et al., 1991 to Colorado Colorado surveillance system of hospitalized and fatal TBI using ICDMAP using as many as 5 ICD 1997b 1992 ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 discharge diagnoses. Severe TBI = died or ISS > 9 Sosin et al., 1996 1991 US Self-reported data from US National Health Interview Survey Injury Severity not evaluated Supplement. Mild and moderate brain injury defined as loss of consciousness in previous 2 months Thurman and 1980 to US All hospital discharge records with one or more ICD-9-CM code(s) of ICDMAP used to convert ICD codes Guerrero, 1999 1995 800â801.9, 803â804.9 or 850â854.1 from the National Hospital to approximate Abbreviated Injury Discharge Survey Scale Scores. 1â2 = mild; 3 = moderate; 4â6 = severe Jager et al., 2000 1992 to US Same ICD codes as Thurman et al., 1996; identified from US National Severity not evaluated 1994 Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Guerrero et al., 1995 to US All visits to emergency departments with same ICD codes as Severity not evaluated 2000 1996 Thurman et al. |
1994 | IMP PIST RICHARDS 0.6X4MM | CDM | Injury within 7 days prior to hospital visit and hematoma, LOC /PTA > 24 hours Evanston, IL blow to head/face with LOC, or laceration of scalp or forehead contusion; (3) Moderate + LOC or PTA 30 minutes to < 24 hours; (4) Mild + LOC or PTA < 30 minutes; (5) Trivial + remainder Fife et al., 1986 1979 to Rhode Island All admissions to Rhode Island hospitals Professional Activities Severity not evaluated 1980 Study (PAS) using ICD-9 codes 800â801.9, 803â804.9, 850â854.9 Fife, 1987 1977 to US US National Health Interview Survey translated rates ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 1981 801.9, 803â803.9, 850â854.9 71
72 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring MacKenzie et al., 1986 Maryland ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 ICDMAPâconverts ICD codes to 1989a Abbreviated Injury Severity Scores MacKenzie et al., 1979 to Maryland ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 ICDMAPâconverts ICD codes to 1990 1986 Abbreviated Injury Severity Scores Fuortes et al., 1984 to Iowa State central head injury registry of hospital discharge abstracts Not reported 1990 1986 Oklahoma State 1979 to Oklahoma Hospital discharge codes ICD-9-CM 800â800.9, 801â801.9, 803â AIS 1 = minor AIS 2 = moderate Department of 1986 803.9, 804â804.9, 850â850.9, 851â851.9, 852â852.9, 853â853.9, AIS 3 = 3â5 = severe Health, 1991 854â854.9, 905, 907. Excluded ED visits, ME probable cause of death for TBI Cooper et al., 1980 to Bronx, NY Hospital/ED logs and ICD-9-CM codes 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Not reported 1983 1981 Schuster, 1994 1989 to Massachusetts State vital statistics mortality file ICD-9; codes 800â802, 803â804, Not reported 1991 850â854, 873 State uniform hospital discharge data set ICD-9 CM codes 800â 801,803â804, 850â851 Warren et al., 1991 to Alaska State Trauma Registry ICD-9-CM codes 800â804, 850â854, 950â954 Not reported 1995 1993 Thurman et al., 1990 to Utah Discharge date from all Utah acute care hospitals and state vital (1) Initial GCS: Severe = < 8; 1996 1992 records using ICD-9-CM codes 800â801.9, 803â804.9, and 850â Moderate = 9â12; mild = 13â15; (2) 854.1 in any primary or secondary data fields Demonstrated intracranial traumatic lesions; (3) Focal abnormalities on neurological examination Diamond, 1996 1988 to Virginia All ED treated patients from Virginia Brain Injury Central Registry Severity not evaluated 1993 including hospital admitted ICD-9-CM codes 850â854.1, 800â804.9, 348.1, 900â900.9, 950â951.9 Gabella et al., 1990 to Colorado, Hospital discharge data for all state hospitals or healthcare providers No severity data reported 1997a 1993 Missouri, Oklahoma, Utah
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Gabella et al., 1991 to Colorado Colorado surveillance system of hospitalized and fatal TBI using ICDMAP using as many as 5 ICD 1997b 1992 ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 discharge diagnoses. Severe TBI = died or ISS > 9 Sosin et al., 1996 1991 US Self-reported data from US National Health Interview Survey Injury Severity not evaluated Supplement. Mild and moderate brain injury defined as loss of consciousness in previous 2 months Thurman and 1980 to US All hospital discharge records with one or more ICD-9-CM code(s) of ICDMAP used to convert ICD codes Guerrero, 1999 1995 800â801.9, 803â804.9 or 850â854.1 from the National Hospital to approximate Abbreviated Injury Discharge Survey Scale Scores. 1â2 = mild; 3 = moderate; 4â6 = severe Jager et al., 2000 1992 to US Same ICD codes as Thurman et al., 1996; identified from US National Severity not evaluated 1994 Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Guerrero et al., 1995 to US All visits to emergency departments with same ICD codes as Severity not evaluated 2000 1996 Thurman et al. |
1995 | IMP PIST 0.6X4.5MM | CDM | Injury within 7 days prior to hospital visit and hematoma, LOC /PTA > 24 hours Evanston, IL blow to head/face with LOC, or laceration of scalp or forehead contusion; (3) Moderate + LOC or PTA 30 minutes to < 24 hours; (4) Mild + LOC or PTA < 30 minutes; (5) Trivial + remainder Fife et al., 1986 1979 to Rhode Island All admissions to Rhode Island hospitals Professional Activities Severity not evaluated 1980 Study (PAS) using ICD-9 codes 800â801.9, 803â804.9, 850â854.9 Fife, 1987 1977 to US US National Health Interview Survey translated rates ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 1981 801.9, 803â803.9, 850â854.9 71
72 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring MacKenzie et al., 1986 Maryland ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 ICDMAPâconverts ICD codes to 1989a Abbreviated Injury Severity Scores MacKenzie et al., 1979 to Maryland ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 ICDMAPâconverts ICD codes to 1990 1986 Abbreviated Injury Severity Scores Fuortes et al., 1984 to Iowa State central head injury registry of hospital discharge abstracts Not reported 1990 1986 Oklahoma State 1979 to Oklahoma Hospital discharge codes ICD-9-CM 800â800.9, 801â801.9, 803â AIS 1 = minor AIS 2 = moderate Department of 1986 803.9, 804â804.9, 850â850.9, 851â851.9, 852â852.9, 853â853.9, AIS 3 = 3â5 = severe Health, 1991 854â854.9, 905, 907. Excluded ED visits, ME probable cause of death for TBI Cooper et al., 1980 to Bronx, NY Hospital/ED logs and ICD-9-CM codes 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Not reported 1983 1981 Schuster, 1994 1989 to Massachusetts State vital statistics mortality file ICD-9; codes 800â802, 803â804, Not reported 1991 850â854, 873 State uniform hospital discharge data set ICD-9 CM codes 800â 801,803â804, 850â851 Warren et al., 1991 to Alaska State Trauma Registry ICD-9-CM codes 800â804, 850â854, 950â954 Not reported 1995 1993 Thurman et al., 1990 to Utah Discharge date from all Utah acute care hospitals and state vital (1) Initial GCS: Severe = < 8; 1996 1992 records using ICD-9-CM codes 800â801.9, 803â804.9, and 850â Moderate = 9â12; mild = 13â15; (2) 854.1 in any primary or secondary data fields Demonstrated intracranial traumatic lesions; (3) Focal abnormalities on neurological examination Diamond, 1996 1988 to Virginia All ED treated patients from Virginia Brain Injury Central Registry Severity not evaluated 1993 including hospital admitted ICD-9-CM codes 850â854.1, 800â804.9, 348.1, 900â900.9, 950â951.9 Gabella et al., 1990 to Colorado, Hospital discharge data for all state hospitals or healthcare providers No severity data reported 1997a 1993 Missouri, Oklahoma, Utah
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Gabella et al., 1991 to Colorado Colorado surveillance system of hospitalized and fatal TBI using ICDMAP using as many as 5 ICD 1997b 1992 ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 discharge diagnoses. Severe TBI = died or ISS > 9 Sosin et al., 1996 1991 US Self-reported data from US National Health Interview Survey Injury Severity not evaluated Supplement. Mild and moderate brain injury defined as loss of consciousness in previous 2 months Thurman and 1980 to US All hospital discharge records with one or more ICD-9-CM code(s) of ICDMAP used to convert ICD codes Guerrero, 1999 1995 800â801.9, 803â804.9 or 850â854.1 from the National Hospital to approximate Abbreviated Injury Discharge Survey Scale Scores. 1â2 = mild; 3 = moderate; 4â6 = severe Jager et al., 2000 1992 to US Same ICD codes as Thurman et al., 1996; identified from US National Severity not evaluated 1994 Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Guerrero et al., 1995 to US All visits to emergency departments with same ICD codes as Severity not evaluated 2000 1996 Thurman et al. |
1993 | IMP EAR RICHARDS 0.6X3.5MM | CDM | Excluded ED visits, ME probable cause of death for TBI Cooper et al., 1980 to Bronx, NY Hospital/ED logs and ICD-9-CM codes 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Not reported 1983 1981 Schuster, 1994 1989 to Massachusetts State vital statistics mortality file ICD-9; codes 800â802, 803â804, Not reported 1991 850â854, 873 State uniform hospital discharge data set ICD-9 CM codes 800â 801,803â804, 850â851 Warren et al., 1991 to Alaska State Trauma Registry ICD-9-CM codes 800â804, 850â854, 950â954 Not reported 1995 1993 Thurman et al., 1990 to Utah Discharge date from all Utah acute care hospitals and state vital (1) Initial GCS: Severe = < 8; 1996 1992 records using ICD-9-CM codes 800â801.9, 803â804.9, and 850â Moderate = 9â12; mild = 13â15; (2) 854.1 in any primary or secondary data fields Demonstrated intracranial traumatic lesions; (3) Focal abnormalities on neurological examination Diamond, 1996 1988 to Virginia All ED treated patients from Virginia Brain Injury Central Registry Severity not evaluated 1993 including hospital admitted ICD-9-CM codes 850â854.1, 800â804.9, 348.1, 900â900.9, 950â951.9 Gabella et al., 1990 to Colorado, Hospital discharge data for all state hospitals or healthcare providers No severity data reported 1997a 1993 Missouri, Oklahoma, Utah
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Gabella et al., 1991 to Colorado Colorado surveillance system of hospitalized and fatal TBI using ICDMAP using as many as 5 ICD 1997b 1992 ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 discharge diagnoses. Severe TBI = died or ISS > 9 Sosin et al., 1996 1991 US Self-reported data from US National Health Interview Survey Injury Severity not evaluated Supplement. Mild and moderate brain injury defined as loss of consciousness in previous 2 months Thurman and 1980 to US All hospital discharge records with one or more ICD-9-CM code(s) of ICDMAP used to convert ICD codes Guerrero, 1999 1995 800â801.9, 803â804.9 or 850â854.1 from the National Hospital to approximate Abbreviated Injury Discharge Survey Scale Scores. 1â2 = mild; 3 = moderate; 4â6 = severe Jager et al., 2000 1992 to US Same ICD codes as Thurman et al., 1996; identified from US National Severity not evaluated 1994 Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Guerrero et al., 1995 to US All visits to emergency departments with same ICD codes as Severity not evaluated 2000 1996 Thurman et al. 1996; identified from US National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Schootman et al., 1993 Iowa Hospital discharge data ICD-9 codes 800-801, 803-804, 850-854 No severity data reported 2000 [capture - recapture method] plus death certificates Langlois et al., 1997 14 US states State TBI surveillance projects. |
1994 | IMP PIST RICHARDS 0.6X4MM | CDM | Excluded ED visits, ME probable cause of death for TBI Cooper et al., 1980 to Bronx, NY Hospital/ED logs and ICD-9-CM codes 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Not reported 1983 1981 Schuster, 1994 1989 to Massachusetts State vital statistics mortality file ICD-9; codes 800â802, 803â804, Not reported 1991 850â854, 873 State uniform hospital discharge data set ICD-9 CM codes 800â 801,803â804, 850â851 Warren et al., 1991 to Alaska State Trauma Registry ICD-9-CM codes 800â804, 850â854, 950â954 Not reported 1995 1993 Thurman et al., 1990 to Utah Discharge date from all Utah acute care hospitals and state vital (1) Initial GCS: Severe = < 8; 1996 1992 records using ICD-9-CM codes 800â801.9, 803â804.9, and 850â Moderate = 9â12; mild = 13â15; (2) 854.1 in any primary or secondary data fields Demonstrated intracranial traumatic lesions; (3) Focal abnormalities on neurological examination Diamond, 1996 1988 to Virginia All ED treated patients from Virginia Brain Injury Central Registry Severity not evaluated 1993 including hospital admitted ICD-9-CM codes 850â854.1, 800â804.9, 348.1, 900â900.9, 950â951.9 Gabella et al., 1990 to Colorado, Hospital discharge data for all state hospitals or healthcare providers No severity data reported 1997a 1993 Missouri, Oklahoma, Utah
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Gabella et al., 1991 to Colorado Colorado surveillance system of hospitalized and fatal TBI using ICDMAP using as many as 5 ICD 1997b 1992 ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 discharge diagnoses. Severe TBI = died or ISS > 9 Sosin et al., 1996 1991 US Self-reported data from US National Health Interview Survey Injury Severity not evaluated Supplement. Mild and moderate brain injury defined as loss of consciousness in previous 2 months Thurman and 1980 to US All hospital discharge records with one or more ICD-9-CM code(s) of ICDMAP used to convert ICD codes Guerrero, 1999 1995 800â801.9, 803â804.9 or 850â854.1 from the National Hospital to approximate Abbreviated Injury Discharge Survey Scale Scores. 1â2 = mild; 3 = moderate; 4â6 = severe Jager et al., 2000 1992 to US Same ICD codes as Thurman et al., 1996; identified from US National Severity not evaluated 1994 Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Guerrero et al., 1995 to US All visits to emergency departments with same ICD codes as Severity not evaluated 2000 1996 Thurman et al. 1996; identified from US National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Schootman et al., 1993 Iowa Hospital discharge data ICD-9 codes 800-801, 803-804, 850-854 No severity data reported 2000 [capture - recapture method] plus death certificates Langlois et al., 1997 14 US states State TBI surveillance projects. |
1995 | IMP PIST 0.6X4.5MM | CDM | Excluded ED visits, ME probable cause of death for TBI Cooper et al., 1980 to Bronx, NY Hospital/ED logs and ICD-9-CM codes 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Not reported 1983 1981 Schuster, 1994 1989 to Massachusetts State vital statistics mortality file ICD-9; codes 800â802, 803â804, Not reported 1991 850â854, 873 State uniform hospital discharge data set ICD-9 CM codes 800â 801,803â804, 850â851 Warren et al., 1991 to Alaska State Trauma Registry ICD-9-CM codes 800â804, 850â854, 950â954 Not reported 1995 1993 Thurman et al., 1990 to Utah Discharge date from all Utah acute care hospitals and state vital (1) Initial GCS: Severe = < 8; 1996 1992 records using ICD-9-CM codes 800â801.9, 803â804.9, and 850â Moderate = 9â12; mild = 13â15; (2) 854.1 in any primary or secondary data fields Demonstrated intracranial traumatic lesions; (3) Focal abnormalities on neurological examination Diamond, 1996 1988 to Virginia All ED treated patients from Virginia Brain Injury Central Registry Severity not evaluated 1993 including hospital admitted ICD-9-CM codes 850â854.1, 800â804.9, 348.1, 900â900.9, 950â951.9 Gabella et al., 1990 to Colorado, Hospital discharge data for all state hospitals or healthcare providers No severity data reported 1997a 1993 Missouri, Oklahoma, Utah
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Gabella et al., 1991 to Colorado Colorado surveillance system of hospitalized and fatal TBI using ICDMAP using as many as 5 ICD 1997b 1992 ICD-9-CM codes 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854 discharge diagnoses. Severe TBI = died or ISS > 9 Sosin et al., 1996 1991 US Self-reported data from US National Health Interview Survey Injury Severity not evaluated Supplement. Mild and moderate brain injury defined as loss of consciousness in previous 2 months Thurman and 1980 to US All hospital discharge records with one or more ICD-9-CM code(s) of ICDMAP used to convert ICD codes Guerrero, 1999 1995 800â801.9, 803â804.9 or 850â854.1 from the National Hospital to approximate Abbreviated Injury Discharge Survey Scale Scores. 1â2 = mild; 3 = moderate; 4â6 = severe Jager et al., 2000 1992 to US Same ICD codes as Thurman et al., 1996; identified from US National Severity not evaluated 1994 Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Guerrero et al., 1995 to US All visits to emergency departments with same ICD codes as Severity not evaluated 2000 1996 Thurman et al. 1996; identified from US National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Schootman et al., 1993 Iowa Hospital discharge data ICD-9 codes 800-801, 803-804, 850-854 No severity data reported 2000 [capture - recapture method] plus death certificates Langlois et al., 1997 14 US states State TBI surveillance projects. |
1993 | IMP EAR RICHARDS 0.6X3.5MM | CDM | Severe TBI = died or ISS > 9 Sosin et al., 1996 1991 US Self-reported data from US National Health Interview Survey Injury Severity not evaluated Supplement. Mild and moderate brain injury defined as loss of consciousness in previous 2 months Thurman and 1980 to US All hospital discharge records with one or more ICD-9-CM code(s) of ICDMAP used to convert ICD codes Guerrero, 1999 1995 800â801.9, 803â804.9 or 850â854.1 from the National Hospital to approximate Abbreviated Injury Discharge Survey Scale Scores. 1â2 = mild; 3 = moderate; 4â6 = severe Jager et al., 2000 1992 to US Same ICD codes as Thurman et al., 1996; identified from US National Severity not evaluated 1994 Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Guerrero et al., 1995 to US All visits to emergency departments with same ICD codes as Severity not evaluated 2000 1996 Thurman et al. 1996; identified from US National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Schootman et al., 1993 Iowa Hospital discharge data ICD-9 codes 800-801, 803-804, 850-854 No severity data reported 2000 [capture - recapture method] plus death certificates Langlois et al., 1997 14 US states State TBI surveillance projects. Deaths excluded, cases identified as GCS < 8 = severe; 9â12 = moderate 2003 ICD-9-CM 800â801.9, 803â804.9, 850â854.1, 959.1 plus evidence of > 12 no brain lesions LOC, PTA, skull fracture, etc. |
2003 | FILTER VENA CAVA FEM 7X48 SIMON NITINOL | CDM | Severe TBI = died or ISS > 9 Sosin et al., 1996 1991 US Self-reported data from US National Health Interview Survey Injury Severity not evaluated Supplement. Mild and moderate brain injury defined as loss of consciousness in previous 2 months Thurman and 1980 to US All hospital discharge records with one or more ICD-9-CM code(s) of ICDMAP used to convert ICD codes Guerrero, 1999 1995 800â801.9, 803â804.9 or 850â854.1 from the National Hospital to approximate Abbreviated Injury Discharge Survey Scale Scores. 1â2 = mild; 3 = moderate; 4â6 = severe Jager et al., 2000 1992 to US Same ICD codes as Thurman et al., 1996; identified from US National Severity not evaluated 1994 Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Guerrero et al., 1995 to US All visits to emergency departments with same ICD codes as Severity not evaluated 2000 1996 Thurman et al. 1996; identified from US National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Schootman et al., 1993 Iowa Hospital discharge data ICD-9 codes 800-801, 803-804, 850-854 No severity data reported 2000 [capture - recapture method] plus death certificates Langlois et al., 1997 14 US states State TBI surveillance projects. Deaths excluded, cases identified as GCS < 8 = severe; 9â12 = moderate 2003 ICD-9-CM 800â801.9, 803â804.9, 850â854.1, 959.1 plus evidence of > 12 no brain lesions LOC, PTA, skull fracture, etc. |
1994 | IMP PIST RICHARDS 0.6X4MM | CDM | Severe TBI = died or ISS > 9 Sosin et al., 1996 1991 US Self-reported data from US National Health Interview Survey Injury Severity not evaluated Supplement. Mild and moderate brain injury defined as loss of consciousness in previous 2 months Thurman and 1980 to US All hospital discharge records with one or more ICD-9-CM code(s) of ICDMAP used to convert ICD codes Guerrero, 1999 1995 800â801.9, 803â804.9 or 850â854.1 from the National Hospital to approximate Abbreviated Injury Discharge Survey Scale Scores. 1â2 = mild; 3 = moderate; 4â6 = severe Jager et al., 2000 1992 to US Same ICD codes as Thurman et al., 1996; identified from US National Severity not evaluated 1994 Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Guerrero et al., 1995 to US All visits to emergency departments with same ICD codes as Severity not evaluated 2000 1996 Thurman et al. 1996; identified from US National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Schootman et al., 1993 Iowa Hospital discharge data ICD-9 codes 800-801, 803-804, 850-854 No severity data reported 2000 [capture - recapture method] plus death certificates Langlois et al., 1997 14 US states State TBI surveillance projects. Deaths excluded, cases identified as GCS < 8 = severe; 9â12 = moderate 2003 ICD-9-CM 800â801.9, 803â804.9, 850â854.1, 959.1 plus evidence of > 12 no brain lesions LOC, PTA, skull fracture, etc. |
1995 | IMP PIST 0.6X4.5MM | CDM | Severe TBI = died or ISS > 9 Sosin et al., 1996 1991 US Self-reported data from US National Health Interview Survey Injury Severity not evaluated Supplement. Mild and moderate brain injury defined as loss of consciousness in previous 2 months Thurman and 1980 to US All hospital discharge records with one or more ICD-9-CM code(s) of ICDMAP used to convert ICD codes Guerrero, 1999 1995 800â801.9, 803â804.9 or 850â854.1 from the National Hospital to approximate Abbreviated Injury Discharge Survey Scale Scores. 1â2 = mild; 3 = moderate; 4â6 = severe Jager et al., 2000 1992 to US Same ICD codes as Thurman et al., 1996; identified from US National Severity not evaluated 1994 Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Guerrero et al., 1995 to US All visits to emergency departments with same ICD codes as Severity not evaluated 2000 1996 Thurman et al. 1996; identified from US National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Schootman et al., 1993 Iowa Hospital discharge data ICD-9 codes 800-801, 803-804, 850-854 No severity data reported 2000 [capture - recapture method] plus death certificates Langlois et al., 1997 14 US states State TBI surveillance projects. Deaths excluded, cases identified as GCS < 8 = severe; 9â12 = moderate 2003 ICD-9-CM 800â801.9, 803â804.9, 850â854.1, 959.1 plus evidence of > 12 no brain lesions LOC, PTA, skull fracture, etc. |
1993 | IMP EAR RICHARDS 0.6X3.5MM | CDM | Mild and moderate brain injury defined as loss of consciousness in previous 2 months Thurman and 1980 to US All hospital discharge records with one or more ICD-9-CM code(s) of ICDMAP used to convert ICD codes Guerrero, 1999 1995 800â801.9, 803â804.9 or 850â854.1 from the National Hospital to approximate Abbreviated Injury Discharge Survey Scale Scores. 1â2 = mild; 3 = moderate; 4â6 = severe Jager et al., 2000 1992 to US Same ICD codes as Thurman et al., 1996; identified from US National Severity not evaluated 1994 Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Guerrero et al., 1995 to US All visits to emergency departments with same ICD codes as Severity not evaluated 2000 1996 Thurman et al. 1996; identified from US National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Schootman et al., 1993 Iowa Hospital discharge data ICD-9 codes 800-801, 803-804, 850-854 No severity data reported 2000 [capture - recapture method] plus death certificates Langlois et al., 1997 14 US states State TBI surveillance projects. Deaths excluded, cases identified as GCS < 8 = severe; 9â12 = moderate 2003 ICD-9-CM 800â801.9, 803â804.9, 850â854.1, 959.1 plus evidence of > 12 no brain lesions LOC, PTA, skull fracture, etc. > 12 with brain lesion > 12 no cat. |
2003 | FILTER VENA CAVA FEM 7X48 SIMON NITINOL | CDM | Mild and moderate brain injury defined as loss of consciousness in previous 2 months Thurman and 1980 to US All hospital discharge records with one or more ICD-9-CM code(s) of ICDMAP used to convert ICD codes Guerrero, 1999 1995 800â801.9, 803â804.9 or 850â854.1 from the National Hospital to approximate Abbreviated Injury Discharge Survey Scale Scores. 1â2 = mild; 3 = moderate; 4â6 = severe Jager et al., 2000 1992 to US Same ICD codes as Thurman et al., 1996; identified from US National Severity not evaluated 1994 Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Guerrero et al., 1995 to US All visits to emergency departments with same ICD codes as Severity not evaluated 2000 1996 Thurman et al. 1996; identified from US National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Schootman et al., 1993 Iowa Hospital discharge data ICD-9 codes 800-801, 803-804, 850-854 No severity data reported 2000 [capture - recapture method] plus death certificates Langlois et al., 1997 14 US states State TBI surveillance projects. Deaths excluded, cases identified as GCS < 8 = severe; 9â12 = moderate 2003 ICD-9-CM 800â801.9, 803â804.9, 850â854.1, 959.1 plus evidence of > 12 no brain lesions LOC, PTA, skull fracture, etc. > 12 with brain lesion > 12 no cat. |
1994 | IMP PIST RICHARDS 0.6X4MM | CDM | Mild and moderate brain injury defined as loss of consciousness in previous 2 months Thurman and 1980 to US All hospital discharge records with one or more ICD-9-CM code(s) of ICDMAP used to convert ICD codes Guerrero, 1999 1995 800â801.9, 803â804.9 or 850â854.1 from the National Hospital to approximate Abbreviated Injury Discharge Survey Scale Scores. 1â2 = mild; 3 = moderate; 4â6 = severe Jager et al., 2000 1992 to US Same ICD codes as Thurman et al., 1996; identified from US National Severity not evaluated 1994 Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Guerrero et al., 1995 to US All visits to emergency departments with same ICD codes as Severity not evaluated 2000 1996 Thurman et al. 1996; identified from US National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Schootman et al., 1993 Iowa Hospital discharge data ICD-9 codes 800-801, 803-804, 850-854 No severity data reported 2000 [capture - recapture method] plus death certificates Langlois et al., 1997 14 US states State TBI surveillance projects. Deaths excluded, cases identified as GCS < 8 = severe; 9â12 = moderate 2003 ICD-9-CM 800â801.9, 803â804.9, 850â854.1, 959.1 plus evidence of > 12 no brain lesions LOC, PTA, skull fracture, etc. > 12 with brain lesion > 12 no cat. |
1995 | IMP PIST 0.6X4.5MM | CDM | Mild and moderate brain injury defined as loss of consciousness in previous 2 months Thurman and 1980 to US All hospital discharge records with one or more ICD-9-CM code(s) of ICDMAP used to convert ICD codes Guerrero, 1999 1995 800â801.9, 803â804.9 or 850â854.1 from the National Hospital to approximate Abbreviated Injury Discharge Survey Scale Scores. 1â2 = mild; 3 = moderate; 4â6 = severe Jager et al., 2000 1992 to US Same ICD codes as Thurman et al., 1996; identified from US National Severity not evaluated 1994 Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Guerrero et al., 1995 to US All visits to emergency departments with same ICD codes as Severity not evaluated 2000 1996 Thurman et al. 1996; identified from US National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Schootman et al., 1993 Iowa Hospital discharge data ICD-9 codes 800-801, 803-804, 850-854 No severity data reported 2000 [capture - recapture method] plus death certificates Langlois et al., 1997 14 US states State TBI surveillance projects. Deaths excluded, cases identified as GCS < 8 = severe; 9â12 = moderate 2003 ICD-9-CM 800â801.9, 803â804.9, 850â854.1, 959.1 plus evidence of > 12 no brain lesions LOC, PTA, skull fracture, etc. > 12 with brain lesion > 12 no cat. |
1993 | IMP EAR RICHARDS 0.6X3.5MM | CDM | 1996; identified from US National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Schootman et al., 1993 Iowa Hospital discharge data ICD-9 codes 800-801, 803-804, 850-854 No severity data reported 2000 [capture - recapture method] plus death certificates Langlois et al., 1997 14 US states State TBI surveillance projects. Deaths excluded, cases identified as GCS < 8 = severe; 9â12 = moderate 2003 ICD-9-CM 800â801.9, 803â804.9, 850â854.1, 959.1 plus evidence of > 12 no brain lesions LOC, PTA, skull fracture, etc. > 12 with brain lesion > 12 no cat. done Langlois et al., 1995 to US ED visits from National Ambulatory Care Survey ICD-9-CM codes Not evaluated 2006 2001 800â801, 803â804, 850â854, 959 Hospitalizations: National Hospital Discharge Survey, same as ICD codes as above Deaths multiple cause of death taken from US National Vital Statistics System [some double counting was probable] Selassie et al., 2004 1996 to South Carolina Statewide surveillance of TBI related hospitalizations. Used ICD-9- Mild = AIS 1â2, Moderate = AIS 3, 2001 CM codes as in Langlois et al., 2003 Severe = AIS 4â5 73
74 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Texas Department 1998 Texas Texas Trauma Registry and Bureau of Vital Statistics ICD-9 codes GCS used but not reported of Health, 2004 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Rutland-Brown et 1995 to US Update from Langlois et al., 2003, see this for case ID See Langlois et al., 2003 al., 2006 2001 NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CA = California, CNS = central nervous system, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDA-8 = International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision, ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, ICDMAP = computer algorithm; ID = identification, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, MN = Minnesota, PAS = Professional Activities Study, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, US = United States. |
2003 | FILTER VENA CAVA FEM 7X48 SIMON NITINOL | CDM | 1996; identified from US National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Schootman et al., 1993 Iowa Hospital discharge data ICD-9 codes 800-801, 803-804, 850-854 No severity data reported 2000 [capture - recapture method] plus death certificates Langlois et al., 1997 14 US states State TBI surveillance projects. Deaths excluded, cases identified as GCS < 8 = severe; 9â12 = moderate 2003 ICD-9-CM 800â801.9, 803â804.9, 850â854.1, 959.1 plus evidence of > 12 no brain lesions LOC, PTA, skull fracture, etc. > 12 with brain lesion > 12 no cat. done Langlois et al., 1995 to US ED visits from National Ambulatory Care Survey ICD-9-CM codes Not evaluated 2006 2001 800â801, 803â804, 850â854, 959 Hospitalizations: National Hospital Discharge Survey, same as ICD codes as above Deaths multiple cause of death taken from US National Vital Statistics System [some double counting was probable] Selassie et al., 2004 1996 to South Carolina Statewide surveillance of TBI related hospitalizations. Used ICD-9- Mild = AIS 1â2, Moderate = AIS 3, 2001 CM codes as in Langlois et al., 2003 Severe = AIS 4â5 73
74 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Texas Department 1998 Texas Texas Trauma Registry and Bureau of Vital Statistics ICD-9 codes GCS used but not reported of Health, 2004 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Rutland-Brown et 1995 to US Update from Langlois et al., 2003, see this for case ID See Langlois et al., 2003 al., 2006 2001 NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CA = California, CNS = central nervous system, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDA-8 = International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision, ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, ICDMAP = computer algorithm; ID = identification, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, MN = Minnesota, PAS = Professional Activities Study, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, US = United States. |
1995 | IMP PIST 0.6X4.5MM | CDM | 1996; identified from US National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Schootman et al., 1993 Iowa Hospital discharge data ICD-9 codes 800-801, 803-804, 850-854 No severity data reported 2000 [capture - recapture method] plus death certificates Langlois et al., 1997 14 US states State TBI surveillance projects. Deaths excluded, cases identified as GCS < 8 = severe; 9â12 = moderate 2003 ICD-9-CM 800â801.9, 803â804.9, 850â854.1, 959.1 plus evidence of > 12 no brain lesions LOC, PTA, skull fracture, etc. > 12 with brain lesion > 12 no cat. done Langlois et al., 1995 to US ED visits from National Ambulatory Care Survey ICD-9-CM codes Not evaluated 2006 2001 800â801, 803â804, 850â854, 959 Hospitalizations: National Hospital Discharge Survey, same as ICD codes as above Deaths multiple cause of death taken from US National Vital Statistics System [some double counting was probable] Selassie et al., 2004 1996 to South Carolina Statewide surveillance of TBI related hospitalizations. Used ICD-9- Mild = AIS 1â2, Moderate = AIS 3, 2001 CM codes as in Langlois et al., 2003 Severe = AIS 4â5 73
74 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Texas Department 1998 Texas Texas Trauma Registry and Bureau of Vital Statistics ICD-9 codes GCS used but not reported of Health, 2004 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Rutland-Brown et 1995 to US Update from Langlois et al., 2003, see this for case ID See Langlois et al., 2003 al., 2006 2001 NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CA = California, CNS = central nervous system, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDA-8 = International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision, ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, ICDMAP = computer algorithm; ID = identification, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, MN = Minnesota, PAS = Professional Activities Study, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, US = United States. |
2003 | FILTER VENA CAVA FEM 7X48 SIMON NITINOL | CDM | Deaths excluded, cases identified as GCS < 8 = severe; 9â12 = moderate 2003 ICD-9-CM 800â801.9, 803â804.9, 850â854.1, 959.1 plus evidence of > 12 no brain lesions LOC, PTA, skull fracture, etc. > 12 with brain lesion > 12 no cat. done Langlois et al., 1995 to US ED visits from National Ambulatory Care Survey ICD-9-CM codes Not evaluated 2006 2001 800â801, 803â804, 850â854, 959 Hospitalizations: National Hospital Discharge Survey, same as ICD codes as above Deaths multiple cause of death taken from US National Vital Statistics System [some double counting was probable] Selassie et al., 2004 1996 to South Carolina Statewide surveillance of TBI related hospitalizations. Used ICD-9- Mild = AIS 1â2, Moderate = AIS 3, 2001 CM codes as in Langlois et al., 2003 Severe = AIS 4â5 73
74 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Texas Department 1998 Texas Texas Trauma Registry and Bureau of Vital Statistics ICD-9 codes GCS used but not reported of Health, 2004 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Rutland-Brown et 1995 to US Update from Langlois et al., 2003, see this for case ID See Langlois et al., 2003 al., 2006 2001 NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CA = California, CNS = central nervous system, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDA-8 = International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision, ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, ICDMAP = computer algorithm; ID = identification, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, MN = Minnesota, PAS = Professional Activities Study, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, US = United States. TABLE 3.3 Non-US Incidence Studies: Case Identification, Data Source, and TBI Severity Score Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Jennett and 1974 England, Wales Death records, hospital admission records with ICD 800, Not reported MacMillan, and Scotland 801, 803, 804, 850â854 1981 Selecki et al., 1977 New South Wales Hospital inpatient statistics of Health Commission ICD-8 Not reported 1981 and South for principal diagnosis Australia Servadei et al., 1981 to San Marino Medical record review with those with skull fracture or Evaluated by GCS but not reported 1985 1982 Republic LOC hospital admitted Wang et al., 1983 Urban areas of Survey of 6 cities with door-to-door interviews and Survey included only a survival population. |
1995 | IMP PIST 0.6X4.5MM | CDM | Deaths excluded, cases identified as GCS < 8 = severe; 9â12 = moderate 2003 ICD-9-CM 800â801.9, 803â804.9, 850â854.1, 959.1 plus evidence of > 12 no brain lesions LOC, PTA, skull fracture, etc. > 12 with brain lesion > 12 no cat. done Langlois et al., 1995 to US ED visits from National Ambulatory Care Survey ICD-9-CM codes Not evaluated 2006 2001 800â801, 803â804, 850â854, 959 Hospitalizations: National Hospital Discharge Survey, same as ICD codes as above Deaths multiple cause of death taken from US National Vital Statistics System [some double counting was probable] Selassie et al., 2004 1996 to South Carolina Statewide surveillance of TBI related hospitalizations. Used ICD-9- Mild = AIS 1â2, Moderate = AIS 3, 2001 CM codes as in Langlois et al., 2003 Severe = AIS 4â5 73
74 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Texas Department 1998 Texas Texas Trauma Registry and Bureau of Vital Statistics ICD-9 codes GCS used but not reported of Health, 2004 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Rutland-Brown et 1995 to US Update from Langlois et al., 2003, see this for case ID See Langlois et al., 2003 al., 2006 2001 NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CA = California, CNS = central nervous system, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDA-8 = International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision, ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, ICDMAP = computer algorithm; ID = identification, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, MN = Minnesota, PAS = Professional Activities Study, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, US = United States. TABLE 3.3 Non-US Incidence Studies: Case Identification, Data Source, and TBI Severity Score Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Jennett and 1974 England, Wales Death records, hospital admission records with ICD 800, Not reported MacMillan, and Scotland 801, 803, 804, 850â854 1981 Selecki et al., 1977 New South Wales Hospital inpatient statistics of Health Commission ICD-8 Not reported 1981 and South for principal diagnosis Australia Servadei et al., 1981 to San Marino Medical record review with those with skull fracture or Evaluated by GCS but not reported 1985 1982 Republic LOC hospital admitted Wang et al., 1983 Urban areas of Survey of 6 cities with door-to-door interviews and Survey included only a survival population. |
1993 | IMP EAR RICHARDS 0.6X3.5MM | CDM | > 12 with brain lesion > 12 no cat. done Langlois et al., 1995 to US ED visits from National Ambulatory Care Survey ICD-9-CM codes Not evaluated 2006 2001 800â801, 803â804, 850â854, 959 Hospitalizations: National Hospital Discharge Survey, same as ICD codes as above Deaths multiple cause of death taken from US National Vital Statistics System [some double counting was probable] Selassie et al., 2004 1996 to South Carolina Statewide surveillance of TBI related hospitalizations. Used ICD-9- Mild = AIS 1â2, Moderate = AIS 3, 2001 CM codes as in Langlois et al., 2003 Severe = AIS 4â5 73
74 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Texas Department 1998 Texas Texas Trauma Registry and Bureau of Vital Statistics ICD-9 codes GCS used but not reported of Health, 2004 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Rutland-Brown et 1995 to US Update from Langlois et al., 2003, see this for case ID See Langlois et al., 2003 al., 2006 2001 NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CA = California, CNS = central nervous system, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDA-8 = International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision, ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, ICDMAP = computer algorithm; ID = identification, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, MN = Minnesota, PAS = Professional Activities Study, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, US = United States. TABLE 3.3 Non-US Incidence Studies: Case Identification, Data Source, and TBI Severity Score Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Jennett and 1974 England, Wales Death records, hospital admission records with ICD 800, Not reported MacMillan, and Scotland 801, 803, 804, 850â854 1981 Selecki et al., 1977 New South Wales Hospital inpatient statistics of Health Commission ICD-8 Not reported 1981 and South for principal diagnosis Australia Servadei et al., 1981 to San Marino Medical record review with those with skull fracture or Evaluated by GCS but not reported 1985 1982 Republic LOC hospital admitted Wang et al., 1983 Urban areas of Survey of 6 cities with door-to-door interviews and Survey included only a survival population. 1986 China medical record followup Severity not evaluated Nestvold et al., 1974 Central Norway, Prospective identification by surgeons on duty case Survey ranked by length of PTA: None = 1, < 0.5 1988 Akershus County inclusion with neurological symptoms hr = 2, 0.5â6 hr = 3, 6â24 hr = 4, 1â2 days = 5, 3â7 (Oslo) days = 6, > 7 days = 7 Servadei et al., 1981 to Ravenna, Italy ED identification plus hospital admission and record GCS; 3â5, 6â8, 9-12, 13â15 1988 1982 review Badcock, 1984 South Australia Prospective study of all ED visits, hospital admissions and Length of PTA: none, < 5 min, 5â60 min, 1â24 1988 prehospital deaths hrs, 1â7 days, 1â4 wks, > 4 wks Tiret et al., 1986 Aquitaine, Prehospital deaths and hospital admissions survey by Severity by 3 classes based on PTA of coma > 6 1990 France medical staff using 180 possible head injury codes using hrs = severe, PTA 15 min to 6 hrs = moderate, AIS and ISS PTA, 15 min = mild Levi et al., 1984 to Northern Israel Prospective patient identification from referral to GCS used but not recorded 1990 1988 neurological service records Nell and Brown, 1986 Johannesburg, Inpatient admission with screening ICD-9 codes 800â804, GCS, mild = 13â15, moderate = 7â12 and severe = 1991 South Africa 850â854, 293, 294, 310, 870â873, 950â951, 958, 345, 3â6 347, 348, 253.9 75
76 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Johansson et al., 1984 to Northern Sweden Hospital admissions with ICD 850â854 Severity not evaluated 1991 1985 Annoni et al., 1987 Canton St. Hospitalized patients with intracranial lesions on Severe brain injury only GCS < 7, 7â9, 10â12, > 1992 Gallen, admission CT 12 Switzerland Vazquez- 1988 Cantabria, Spain Hospital admissions with objective neurological findings GCS, minor = 13â15, moderate 9â12, severe 3â8 Barquero et al., such as LOC, skull fracture 1992 Engberg, 1995 1988 Frederiksborg ED and hospital ICUs in 4 hospitals using hospital Severity by PTA: 24 hrs-7 days = severe, very County, Denmark records, Danish Hospital Register and National Register severe 7 days Chiu et al., 1988 to Taiwan Hospital admission with LOC, skull fracture, neurological GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 1994 deficit or CT intracranial hemorrhage severe 8 Hillier et al., 1987 South Australia All public and private hospitals with admission ICD-9 GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 codes of 348, 800, 803, 804, 850-854 severe = 3â 8; PTA < 30 min = mild, 30â60 min = moderate, > 60 min = severe, PTA < 60 min = mild, 60 min = moderate, 24 hrs = severe Ingebrigtsen et 1993 Northern Norway All patient referral medical records includes ED visits GCS: minimal = 15 no LOC, mild = 14 or 15 plus al., excludes scalp, facial injuries PTA or brief LOC or impaired alertness, moderate 1998 = 9â13 or LOC > 5 min or focal neurological deficit, severe = 5â8, critical = 3â4 Tate et al., 1988 New South Admission to region hospital with ICD-9 codes 310, 800, Severe = PTA > 24 hrs, or GCS of < 9, moderate 1998 Wales, Australia 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 905.0, 907 = PTA 1â24 hrs or GCS 9â12, mild = PTA or LOC < 1 hr Alaranta et al., 1991 to Finland Hospital discharge or register using ICD-9 codes: 800, Severity not evaluated 2000 1995 801, 803, 850â854 (first-time patients only) Pickett et al., 1988 Greater Kingston Computerized ED injury records from the CHIRPP system Severity not reported 2001 Area of Canada Engberg and 1979 to Denmark Danish National Hospital Register using 8th ICD codes Severity not evaluated Teasdale, 1996 800, 801, 803, 850â854, mortality data from National 2001 Death Register using ICD 8th and 10th codes
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons hospital admitted through emergency service with AIS score of 4 or 5 or LOC 6â24 hrs GCS < 9 2001 of any one of 19 hospitals, data from treating hospital Firsching and 1996 Germany Head injury hospital admitted patients including Severity scoring not reported Woischneck, concussion; deaths from Federal Bureau of Statistics 2001 Gururaj, 1999 Bangalore, India Case definitions from the Neurotrauma Registry of GCS used by categories of severity not defined 2002 National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bangalore India including LOC or PTA neurological changes, skull fracture, death due to TBI Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna and Hospital admissions with ICD-9 codes 800â800.3, 801â Severity not evaluated 2002b Trentino, Italy 801.3, 803â803.3, 850; 851â851.1, 852â852.1 853â853.1, 854â854.1 Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna, Italy All patients admitted to hospital care with a discharge Mild TBI as defined by Duckin using ICD codes 2002a diagnosis of ICD-9 800â803.0, 801â801.3, 803â804.3, GCS of 14â15 = mild, 9â13 = moderate, < 9 = 850â854. |
2003 | FILTER VENA CAVA FEM 7X48 SIMON NITINOL | CDM | > 12 with brain lesion > 12 no cat. done Langlois et al., 1995 to US ED visits from National Ambulatory Care Survey ICD-9-CM codes Not evaluated 2006 2001 800â801, 803â804, 850â854, 959 Hospitalizations: National Hospital Discharge Survey, same as ICD codes as above Deaths multiple cause of death taken from US National Vital Statistics System [some double counting was probable] Selassie et al., 2004 1996 to South Carolina Statewide surveillance of TBI related hospitalizations. Used ICD-9- Mild = AIS 1â2, Moderate = AIS 3, 2001 CM codes as in Langlois et al., 2003 Severe = AIS 4â5 73
74 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Texas Department 1998 Texas Texas Trauma Registry and Bureau of Vital Statistics ICD-9 codes GCS used but not reported of Health, 2004 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Rutland-Brown et 1995 to US Update from Langlois et al., 2003, see this for case ID See Langlois et al., 2003 al., 2006 2001 NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CA = California, CNS = central nervous system, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDA-8 = International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision, ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, ICDMAP = computer algorithm; ID = identification, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, MN = Minnesota, PAS = Professional Activities Study, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, US = United States. TABLE 3.3 Non-US Incidence Studies: Case Identification, Data Source, and TBI Severity Score Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Jennett and 1974 England, Wales Death records, hospital admission records with ICD 800, Not reported MacMillan, and Scotland 801, 803, 804, 850â854 1981 Selecki et al., 1977 New South Wales Hospital inpatient statistics of Health Commission ICD-8 Not reported 1981 and South for principal diagnosis Australia Servadei et al., 1981 to San Marino Medical record review with those with skull fracture or Evaluated by GCS but not reported 1985 1982 Republic LOC hospital admitted Wang et al., 1983 Urban areas of Survey of 6 cities with door-to-door interviews and Survey included only a survival population. 1986 China medical record followup Severity not evaluated Nestvold et al., 1974 Central Norway, Prospective identification by surgeons on duty case Survey ranked by length of PTA: None = 1, < 0.5 1988 Akershus County inclusion with neurological symptoms hr = 2, 0.5â6 hr = 3, 6â24 hr = 4, 1â2 days = 5, 3â7 (Oslo) days = 6, > 7 days = 7 Servadei et al., 1981 to Ravenna, Italy ED identification plus hospital admission and record GCS; 3â5, 6â8, 9-12, 13â15 1988 1982 review Badcock, 1984 South Australia Prospective study of all ED visits, hospital admissions and Length of PTA: none, < 5 min, 5â60 min, 1â24 1988 prehospital deaths hrs, 1â7 days, 1â4 wks, > 4 wks Tiret et al., 1986 Aquitaine, Prehospital deaths and hospital admissions survey by Severity by 3 classes based on PTA of coma > 6 1990 France medical staff using 180 possible head injury codes using hrs = severe, PTA 15 min to 6 hrs = moderate, AIS and ISS PTA, 15 min = mild Levi et al., 1984 to Northern Israel Prospective patient identification from referral to GCS used but not recorded 1990 1988 neurological service records Nell and Brown, 1986 Johannesburg, Inpatient admission with screening ICD-9 codes 800â804, GCS, mild = 13â15, moderate = 7â12 and severe = 1991 South Africa 850â854, 293, 294, 310, 870â873, 950â951, 958, 345, 3â6 347, 348, 253.9 75
76 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Johansson et al., 1984 to Northern Sweden Hospital admissions with ICD 850â854 Severity not evaluated 1991 1985 Annoni et al., 1987 Canton St. Hospitalized patients with intracranial lesions on Severe brain injury only GCS < 7, 7â9, 10â12, > 1992 Gallen, admission CT 12 Switzerland Vazquez- 1988 Cantabria, Spain Hospital admissions with objective neurological findings GCS, minor = 13â15, moderate 9â12, severe 3â8 Barquero et al., such as LOC, skull fracture 1992 Engberg, 1995 1988 Frederiksborg ED and hospital ICUs in 4 hospitals using hospital Severity by PTA: 24 hrs-7 days = severe, very County, Denmark records, Danish Hospital Register and National Register severe 7 days Chiu et al., 1988 to Taiwan Hospital admission with LOC, skull fracture, neurological GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 1994 deficit or CT intracranial hemorrhage severe 8 Hillier et al., 1987 South Australia All public and private hospitals with admission ICD-9 GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 codes of 348, 800, 803, 804, 850-854 severe = 3â 8; PTA < 30 min = mild, 30â60 min = moderate, > 60 min = severe, PTA < 60 min = mild, 60 min = moderate, 24 hrs = severe Ingebrigtsen et 1993 Northern Norway All patient referral medical records includes ED visits GCS: minimal = 15 no LOC, mild = 14 or 15 plus al., excludes scalp, facial injuries PTA or brief LOC or impaired alertness, moderate 1998 = 9â13 or LOC > 5 min or focal neurological deficit, severe = 5â8, critical = 3â4 Tate et al., 1988 New South Admission to region hospital with ICD-9 codes 310, 800, Severe = PTA > 24 hrs, or GCS of < 9, moderate 1998 Wales, Australia 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 905.0, 907 = PTA 1â24 hrs or GCS 9â12, mild = PTA or LOC < 1 hr Alaranta et al., 1991 to Finland Hospital discharge or register using ICD-9 codes: 800, Severity not evaluated 2000 1995 801, 803, 850â854 (first-time patients only) Pickett et al., 1988 Greater Kingston Computerized ED injury records from the CHIRPP system Severity not reported 2001 Area of Canada Engberg and 1979 to Denmark Danish National Hospital Register using 8th ICD codes Severity not evaluated Teasdale, 1996 800, 801, 803, 850â854, mortality data from National 2001 Death Register using ICD 8th and 10th codes
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons hospital admitted through emergency service with AIS score of 4 or 5 or LOC 6â24 hrs GCS < 9 2001 of any one of 19 hospitals, data from treating hospital Firsching and 1996 Germany Head injury hospital admitted patients including Severity scoring not reported Woischneck, concussion; deaths from Federal Bureau of Statistics 2001 Gururaj, 1999 Bangalore, India Case definitions from the Neurotrauma Registry of GCS used by categories of severity not defined 2002 National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bangalore India including LOC or PTA neurological changes, skull fracture, death due to TBI Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna and Hospital admissions with ICD-9 codes 800â800.3, 801â Severity not evaluated 2002b Trentino, Italy 801.3, 803â803.3, 850; 851â851.1, 852â852.1 853â853.1, 854â854.1 Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna, Italy All patients admitted to hospital care with a discharge Mild TBI as defined by Duckin using ICD codes 2002a diagnosis of ICD-9 800â803.0, 801â801.3, 803â804.3, GCS of 14â15 = mild, 9â13 = moderate, < 9 = 850â854. |
1994 | IMP PIST RICHARDS 0.6X4MM | CDM | > 12 with brain lesion > 12 no cat. done Langlois et al., 1995 to US ED visits from National Ambulatory Care Survey ICD-9-CM codes Not evaluated 2006 2001 800â801, 803â804, 850â854, 959 Hospitalizations: National Hospital Discharge Survey, same as ICD codes as above Deaths multiple cause of death taken from US National Vital Statistics System [some double counting was probable] Selassie et al., 2004 1996 to South Carolina Statewide surveillance of TBI related hospitalizations. Used ICD-9- Mild = AIS 1â2, Moderate = AIS 3, 2001 CM codes as in Langlois et al., 2003 Severe = AIS 4â5 73
74 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Texas Department 1998 Texas Texas Trauma Registry and Bureau of Vital Statistics ICD-9 codes GCS used but not reported of Health, 2004 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Rutland-Brown et 1995 to US Update from Langlois et al., 2003, see this for case ID See Langlois et al., 2003 al., 2006 2001 NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CA = California, CNS = central nervous system, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDA-8 = International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision, ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, ICDMAP = computer algorithm; ID = identification, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, MN = Minnesota, PAS = Professional Activities Study, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, US = United States. TABLE 3.3 Non-US Incidence Studies: Case Identification, Data Source, and TBI Severity Score Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Jennett and 1974 England, Wales Death records, hospital admission records with ICD 800, Not reported MacMillan, and Scotland 801, 803, 804, 850â854 1981 Selecki et al., 1977 New South Wales Hospital inpatient statistics of Health Commission ICD-8 Not reported 1981 and South for principal diagnosis Australia Servadei et al., 1981 to San Marino Medical record review with those with skull fracture or Evaluated by GCS but not reported 1985 1982 Republic LOC hospital admitted Wang et al., 1983 Urban areas of Survey of 6 cities with door-to-door interviews and Survey included only a survival population. 1986 China medical record followup Severity not evaluated Nestvold et al., 1974 Central Norway, Prospective identification by surgeons on duty case Survey ranked by length of PTA: None = 1, < 0.5 1988 Akershus County inclusion with neurological symptoms hr = 2, 0.5â6 hr = 3, 6â24 hr = 4, 1â2 days = 5, 3â7 (Oslo) days = 6, > 7 days = 7 Servadei et al., 1981 to Ravenna, Italy ED identification plus hospital admission and record GCS; 3â5, 6â8, 9-12, 13â15 1988 1982 review Badcock, 1984 South Australia Prospective study of all ED visits, hospital admissions and Length of PTA: none, < 5 min, 5â60 min, 1â24 1988 prehospital deaths hrs, 1â7 days, 1â4 wks, > 4 wks Tiret et al., 1986 Aquitaine, Prehospital deaths and hospital admissions survey by Severity by 3 classes based on PTA of coma > 6 1990 France medical staff using 180 possible head injury codes using hrs = severe, PTA 15 min to 6 hrs = moderate, AIS and ISS PTA, 15 min = mild Levi et al., 1984 to Northern Israel Prospective patient identification from referral to GCS used but not recorded 1990 1988 neurological service records Nell and Brown, 1986 Johannesburg, Inpatient admission with screening ICD-9 codes 800â804, GCS, mild = 13â15, moderate = 7â12 and severe = 1991 South Africa 850â854, 293, 294, 310, 870â873, 950â951, 958, 345, 3â6 347, 348, 253.9 75
76 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Johansson et al., 1984 to Northern Sweden Hospital admissions with ICD 850â854 Severity not evaluated 1991 1985 Annoni et al., 1987 Canton St. Hospitalized patients with intracranial lesions on Severe brain injury only GCS < 7, 7â9, 10â12, > 1992 Gallen, admission CT 12 Switzerland Vazquez- 1988 Cantabria, Spain Hospital admissions with objective neurological findings GCS, minor = 13â15, moderate 9â12, severe 3â8 Barquero et al., such as LOC, skull fracture 1992 Engberg, 1995 1988 Frederiksborg ED and hospital ICUs in 4 hospitals using hospital Severity by PTA: 24 hrs-7 days = severe, very County, Denmark records, Danish Hospital Register and National Register severe 7 days Chiu et al., 1988 to Taiwan Hospital admission with LOC, skull fracture, neurological GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 1994 deficit or CT intracranial hemorrhage severe 8 Hillier et al., 1987 South Australia All public and private hospitals with admission ICD-9 GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 codes of 348, 800, 803, 804, 850-854 severe = 3â 8; PTA < 30 min = mild, 30â60 min = moderate, > 60 min = severe, PTA < 60 min = mild, 60 min = moderate, 24 hrs = severe Ingebrigtsen et 1993 Northern Norway All patient referral medical records includes ED visits GCS: minimal = 15 no LOC, mild = 14 or 15 plus al., excludes scalp, facial injuries PTA or brief LOC or impaired alertness, moderate 1998 = 9â13 or LOC > 5 min or focal neurological deficit, severe = 5â8, critical = 3â4 Tate et al., 1988 New South Admission to region hospital with ICD-9 codes 310, 800, Severe = PTA > 24 hrs, or GCS of < 9, moderate 1998 Wales, Australia 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 905.0, 907 = PTA 1â24 hrs or GCS 9â12, mild = PTA or LOC < 1 hr Alaranta et al., 1991 to Finland Hospital discharge or register using ICD-9 codes: 800, Severity not evaluated 2000 1995 801, 803, 850â854 (first-time patients only) Pickett et al., 1988 Greater Kingston Computerized ED injury records from the CHIRPP system Severity not reported 2001 Area of Canada Engberg and 1979 to Denmark Danish National Hospital Register using 8th ICD codes Severity not evaluated Teasdale, 1996 800, 801, 803, 850â854, mortality data from National 2001 Death Register using ICD 8th and 10th codes
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons hospital admitted through emergency service with AIS score of 4 or 5 or LOC 6â24 hrs GCS < 9 2001 of any one of 19 hospitals, data from treating hospital Firsching and 1996 Germany Head injury hospital admitted patients including Severity scoring not reported Woischneck, concussion; deaths from Federal Bureau of Statistics 2001 Gururaj, 1999 Bangalore, India Case definitions from the Neurotrauma Registry of GCS used by categories of severity not defined 2002 National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bangalore India including LOC or PTA neurological changes, skull fracture, death due to TBI Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna and Hospital admissions with ICD-9 codes 800â800.3, 801â Severity not evaluated 2002b Trentino, Italy 801.3, 803â803.3, 850; 851â851.1, 852â852.1 853â853.1, 854â854.1 Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna, Italy All patients admitted to hospital care with a discharge Mild TBI as defined by Duckin using ICD codes 2002a diagnosis of ICD-9 800â803.0, 801â801.3, 803â804.3, GCS of 14â15 = mild, 9â13 = moderate, < 9 = 850â854. |
1995 | IMP PIST 0.6X4.5MM | CDM | > 12 with brain lesion > 12 no cat. done Langlois et al., 1995 to US ED visits from National Ambulatory Care Survey ICD-9-CM codes Not evaluated 2006 2001 800â801, 803â804, 850â854, 959 Hospitalizations: National Hospital Discharge Survey, same as ICD codes as above Deaths multiple cause of death taken from US National Vital Statistics System [some double counting was probable] Selassie et al., 2004 1996 to South Carolina Statewide surveillance of TBI related hospitalizations. Used ICD-9- Mild = AIS 1â2, Moderate = AIS 3, 2001 CM codes as in Langlois et al., 2003 Severe = AIS 4â5 73
74 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Texas Department 1998 Texas Texas Trauma Registry and Bureau of Vital Statistics ICD-9 codes GCS used but not reported of Health, 2004 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Rutland-Brown et 1995 to US Update from Langlois et al., 2003, see this for case ID See Langlois et al., 2003 al., 2006 2001 NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CA = California, CNS = central nervous system, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDA-8 = International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision, ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, ICDMAP = computer algorithm; ID = identification, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, MN = Minnesota, PAS = Professional Activities Study, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, US = United States. TABLE 3.3 Non-US Incidence Studies: Case Identification, Data Source, and TBI Severity Score Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Jennett and 1974 England, Wales Death records, hospital admission records with ICD 800, Not reported MacMillan, and Scotland 801, 803, 804, 850â854 1981 Selecki et al., 1977 New South Wales Hospital inpatient statistics of Health Commission ICD-8 Not reported 1981 and South for principal diagnosis Australia Servadei et al., 1981 to San Marino Medical record review with those with skull fracture or Evaluated by GCS but not reported 1985 1982 Republic LOC hospital admitted Wang et al., 1983 Urban areas of Survey of 6 cities with door-to-door interviews and Survey included only a survival population. 1986 China medical record followup Severity not evaluated Nestvold et al., 1974 Central Norway, Prospective identification by surgeons on duty case Survey ranked by length of PTA: None = 1, < 0.5 1988 Akershus County inclusion with neurological symptoms hr = 2, 0.5â6 hr = 3, 6â24 hr = 4, 1â2 days = 5, 3â7 (Oslo) days = 6, > 7 days = 7 Servadei et al., 1981 to Ravenna, Italy ED identification plus hospital admission and record GCS; 3â5, 6â8, 9-12, 13â15 1988 1982 review Badcock, 1984 South Australia Prospective study of all ED visits, hospital admissions and Length of PTA: none, < 5 min, 5â60 min, 1â24 1988 prehospital deaths hrs, 1â7 days, 1â4 wks, > 4 wks Tiret et al., 1986 Aquitaine, Prehospital deaths and hospital admissions survey by Severity by 3 classes based on PTA of coma > 6 1990 France medical staff using 180 possible head injury codes using hrs = severe, PTA 15 min to 6 hrs = moderate, AIS and ISS PTA, 15 min = mild Levi et al., 1984 to Northern Israel Prospective patient identification from referral to GCS used but not recorded 1990 1988 neurological service records Nell and Brown, 1986 Johannesburg, Inpatient admission with screening ICD-9 codes 800â804, GCS, mild = 13â15, moderate = 7â12 and severe = 1991 South Africa 850â854, 293, 294, 310, 870â873, 950â951, 958, 345, 3â6 347, 348, 253.9 75
76 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Johansson et al., 1984 to Northern Sweden Hospital admissions with ICD 850â854 Severity not evaluated 1991 1985 Annoni et al., 1987 Canton St. Hospitalized patients with intracranial lesions on Severe brain injury only GCS < 7, 7â9, 10â12, > 1992 Gallen, admission CT 12 Switzerland Vazquez- 1988 Cantabria, Spain Hospital admissions with objective neurological findings GCS, minor = 13â15, moderate 9â12, severe 3â8 Barquero et al., such as LOC, skull fracture 1992 Engberg, 1995 1988 Frederiksborg ED and hospital ICUs in 4 hospitals using hospital Severity by PTA: 24 hrs-7 days = severe, very County, Denmark records, Danish Hospital Register and National Register severe 7 days Chiu et al., 1988 to Taiwan Hospital admission with LOC, skull fracture, neurological GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 1994 deficit or CT intracranial hemorrhage severe 8 Hillier et al., 1987 South Australia All public and private hospitals with admission ICD-9 GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 codes of 348, 800, 803, 804, 850-854 severe = 3â 8; PTA < 30 min = mild, 30â60 min = moderate, > 60 min = severe, PTA < 60 min = mild, 60 min = moderate, 24 hrs = severe Ingebrigtsen et 1993 Northern Norway All patient referral medical records includes ED visits GCS: minimal = 15 no LOC, mild = 14 or 15 plus al., excludes scalp, facial injuries PTA or brief LOC or impaired alertness, moderate 1998 = 9â13 or LOC > 5 min or focal neurological deficit, severe = 5â8, critical = 3â4 Tate et al., 1988 New South Admission to region hospital with ICD-9 codes 310, 800, Severe = PTA > 24 hrs, or GCS of < 9, moderate 1998 Wales, Australia 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 905.0, 907 = PTA 1â24 hrs or GCS 9â12, mild = PTA or LOC < 1 hr Alaranta et al., 1991 to Finland Hospital discharge or register using ICD-9 codes: 800, Severity not evaluated 2000 1995 801, 803, 850â854 (first-time patients only) Pickett et al., 1988 Greater Kingston Computerized ED injury records from the CHIRPP system Severity not reported 2001 Area of Canada Engberg and 1979 to Denmark Danish National Hospital Register using 8th ICD codes Severity not evaluated Teasdale, 1996 800, 801, 803, 850â854, mortality data from National 2001 Death Register using ICD 8th and 10th codes
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons hospital admitted through emergency service with AIS score of 4 or 5 or LOC 6â24 hrs GCS < 9 2001 of any one of 19 hospitals, data from treating hospital Firsching and 1996 Germany Head injury hospital admitted patients including Severity scoring not reported Woischneck, concussion; deaths from Federal Bureau of Statistics 2001 Gururaj, 1999 Bangalore, India Case definitions from the Neurotrauma Registry of GCS used by categories of severity not defined 2002 National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bangalore India including LOC or PTA neurological changes, skull fracture, death due to TBI Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna and Hospital admissions with ICD-9 codes 800â800.3, 801â Severity not evaluated 2002b Trentino, Italy 801.3, 803â803.3, 850; 851â851.1, 852â852.1 853â853.1, 854â854.1 Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna, Italy All patients admitted to hospital care with a discharge Mild TBI as defined by Duckin using ICD codes 2002a diagnosis of ICD-9 800â803.0, 801â801.3, 803â804.3, GCS of 14â15 = mild, 9â13 = moderate, < 9 = 850â854. |
1994 | IMP PIST RICHARDS 0.6X4MM | CDM | done Langlois et al., 1995 to US ED visits from National Ambulatory Care Survey ICD-9-CM codes Not evaluated 2006 2001 800â801, 803â804, 850â854, 959 Hospitalizations: National Hospital Discharge Survey, same as ICD codes as above Deaths multiple cause of death taken from US National Vital Statistics System [some double counting was probable] Selassie et al., 2004 1996 to South Carolina Statewide surveillance of TBI related hospitalizations. Used ICD-9- Mild = AIS 1â2, Moderate = AIS 3, 2001 CM codes as in Langlois et al., 2003 Severe = AIS 4â5 73
74 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Texas Department 1998 Texas Texas Trauma Registry and Bureau of Vital Statistics ICD-9 codes GCS used but not reported of Health, 2004 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Rutland-Brown et 1995 to US Update from Langlois et al., 2003, see this for case ID See Langlois et al., 2003 al., 2006 2001 NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CA = California, CNS = central nervous system, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDA-8 = International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision, ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, ICDMAP = computer algorithm; ID = identification, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, MN = Minnesota, PAS = Professional Activities Study, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, US = United States. TABLE 3.3 Non-US Incidence Studies: Case Identification, Data Source, and TBI Severity Score Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Jennett and 1974 England, Wales Death records, hospital admission records with ICD 800, Not reported MacMillan, and Scotland 801, 803, 804, 850â854 1981 Selecki et al., 1977 New South Wales Hospital inpatient statistics of Health Commission ICD-8 Not reported 1981 and South for principal diagnosis Australia Servadei et al., 1981 to San Marino Medical record review with those with skull fracture or Evaluated by GCS but not reported 1985 1982 Republic LOC hospital admitted Wang et al., 1983 Urban areas of Survey of 6 cities with door-to-door interviews and Survey included only a survival population. 1986 China medical record followup Severity not evaluated Nestvold et al., 1974 Central Norway, Prospective identification by surgeons on duty case Survey ranked by length of PTA: None = 1, < 0.5 1988 Akershus County inclusion with neurological symptoms hr = 2, 0.5â6 hr = 3, 6â24 hr = 4, 1â2 days = 5, 3â7 (Oslo) days = 6, > 7 days = 7 Servadei et al., 1981 to Ravenna, Italy ED identification plus hospital admission and record GCS; 3â5, 6â8, 9-12, 13â15 1988 1982 review Badcock, 1984 South Australia Prospective study of all ED visits, hospital admissions and Length of PTA: none, < 5 min, 5â60 min, 1â24 1988 prehospital deaths hrs, 1â7 days, 1â4 wks, > 4 wks Tiret et al., 1986 Aquitaine, Prehospital deaths and hospital admissions survey by Severity by 3 classes based on PTA of coma > 6 1990 France medical staff using 180 possible head injury codes using hrs = severe, PTA 15 min to 6 hrs = moderate, AIS and ISS PTA, 15 min = mild Levi et al., 1984 to Northern Israel Prospective patient identification from referral to GCS used but not recorded 1990 1988 neurological service records Nell and Brown, 1986 Johannesburg, Inpatient admission with screening ICD-9 codes 800â804, GCS, mild = 13â15, moderate = 7â12 and severe = 1991 South Africa 850â854, 293, 294, 310, 870â873, 950â951, 958, 345, 3â6 347, 348, 253.9 75
76 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Johansson et al., 1984 to Northern Sweden Hospital admissions with ICD 850â854 Severity not evaluated 1991 1985 Annoni et al., 1987 Canton St. Hospitalized patients with intracranial lesions on Severe brain injury only GCS < 7, 7â9, 10â12, > 1992 Gallen, admission CT 12 Switzerland Vazquez- 1988 Cantabria, Spain Hospital admissions with objective neurological findings GCS, minor = 13â15, moderate 9â12, severe 3â8 Barquero et al., such as LOC, skull fracture 1992 Engberg, 1995 1988 Frederiksborg ED and hospital ICUs in 4 hospitals using hospital Severity by PTA: 24 hrs-7 days = severe, very County, Denmark records, Danish Hospital Register and National Register severe 7 days Chiu et al., 1988 to Taiwan Hospital admission with LOC, skull fracture, neurological GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 1994 deficit or CT intracranial hemorrhage severe 8 Hillier et al., 1987 South Australia All public and private hospitals with admission ICD-9 GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 codes of 348, 800, 803, 804, 850-854 severe = 3â 8; PTA < 30 min = mild, 30â60 min = moderate, > 60 min = severe, PTA < 60 min = mild, 60 min = moderate, 24 hrs = severe Ingebrigtsen et 1993 Northern Norway All patient referral medical records includes ED visits GCS: minimal = 15 no LOC, mild = 14 or 15 plus al., excludes scalp, facial injuries PTA or brief LOC or impaired alertness, moderate 1998 = 9â13 or LOC > 5 min or focal neurological deficit, severe = 5â8, critical = 3â4 Tate et al., 1988 New South Admission to region hospital with ICD-9 codes 310, 800, Severe = PTA > 24 hrs, or GCS of < 9, moderate 1998 Wales, Australia 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 905.0, 907 = PTA 1â24 hrs or GCS 9â12, mild = PTA or LOC < 1 hr Alaranta et al., 1991 to Finland Hospital discharge or register using ICD-9 codes: 800, Severity not evaluated 2000 1995 801, 803, 850â854 (first-time patients only) Pickett et al., 1988 Greater Kingston Computerized ED injury records from the CHIRPP system Severity not reported 2001 Area of Canada Engberg and 1979 to Denmark Danish National Hospital Register using 8th ICD codes Severity not evaluated Teasdale, 1996 800, 801, 803, 850â854, mortality data from National 2001 Death Register using ICD 8th and 10th codes
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons hospital admitted through emergency service with AIS score of 4 or 5 or LOC 6â24 hrs GCS < 9 2001 of any one of 19 hospitals, data from treating hospital Firsching and 1996 Germany Head injury hospital admitted patients including Severity scoring not reported Woischneck, concussion; deaths from Federal Bureau of Statistics 2001 Gururaj, 1999 Bangalore, India Case definitions from the Neurotrauma Registry of GCS used by categories of severity not defined 2002 National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bangalore India including LOC or PTA neurological changes, skull fracture, death due to TBI Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna and Hospital admissions with ICD-9 codes 800â800.3, 801â Severity not evaluated 2002b Trentino, Italy 801.3, 803â803.3, 850; 851â851.1, 852â852.1 853â853.1, 854â854.1 Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna, Italy All patients admitted to hospital care with a discharge Mild TBI as defined by Duckin using ICD codes 2002a diagnosis of ICD-9 800â803.0, 801â801.3, 803â804.3, GCS of 14â15 = mild, 9â13 = moderate, < 9 = 850â854. In hospital and prehospital deaths identified severe from hospital records or death certificates Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons admitted to anyone of 19 public hospitals with Severe TBI by GCS of < 9 for at least 24 hrs 2003 prolonged coma determined by LOC > 24 hrs or GCS of < 9 before sedation Kleiven et al., 1987 to Sweden National hospital discharge register using ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 2003 2000 804, 850â854, (ICD-9) and S2.0âS2.9, S6.0âS6.9 (ICD- 10) Andersson et al., 1992 to Western Sweden Persons identified from hospitals ED unit, discharge Mix of symptoms defined by American Congress 2003 1993 register, regional neurological clinic and coronerâs records of Rehabilitation Medicine ICD-9, 850â854, 800â804 Baldo et al., 1966 to Northeast Italy Hospital discharges with ICD-9 codes 800, 801.9, 803, ICDMAP-90 used to convert ICD codes to AIS: 2003 2000 804.9, 850â854.1 located on data base for region 1/2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4/5 = severe Santos et al., 1994, Portugal From National Institute of Statistics using ICD-9 codes Severity not evaluated 2003 1996, 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 907 for hospital discharge 1997 and mortality data 77
78 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Steudel et al., 1972 to Germany Federal Bureau of Statistics using ICD-9 codes 800-804 Focus of study is on fatal head injury 2005 1998 and 850â854 and ICD-10 S02âS02.9 and S06âS06.9 Tennant, 2005 2001 to England Hospital Episodes Statistics using ICD-10 codes S00â Severity not evaluated 2003 S09.9 for hospital inpatient care plus Primary Care Trusts Chiu et al., 2007 1991, Taipei City and Prospective TBI registry data. |
2007 | EPINEPHRINE .1MG/ML | CDM | done Langlois et al., 1995 to US ED visits from National Ambulatory Care Survey ICD-9-CM codes Not evaluated 2006 2001 800â801, 803â804, 850â854, 959 Hospitalizations: National Hospital Discharge Survey, same as ICD codes as above Deaths multiple cause of death taken from US National Vital Statistics System [some double counting was probable] Selassie et al., 2004 1996 to South Carolina Statewide surveillance of TBI related hospitalizations. Used ICD-9- Mild = AIS 1â2, Moderate = AIS 3, 2001 CM codes as in Langlois et al., 2003 Severe = AIS 4â5 73
74 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Texas Department 1998 Texas Texas Trauma Registry and Bureau of Vital Statistics ICD-9 codes GCS used but not reported of Health, 2004 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Rutland-Brown et 1995 to US Update from Langlois et al., 2003, see this for case ID See Langlois et al., 2003 al., 2006 2001 NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CA = California, CNS = central nervous system, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDA-8 = International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision, ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, ICDMAP = computer algorithm; ID = identification, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, MN = Minnesota, PAS = Professional Activities Study, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, US = United States. TABLE 3.3 Non-US Incidence Studies: Case Identification, Data Source, and TBI Severity Score Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Jennett and 1974 England, Wales Death records, hospital admission records with ICD 800, Not reported MacMillan, and Scotland 801, 803, 804, 850â854 1981 Selecki et al., 1977 New South Wales Hospital inpatient statistics of Health Commission ICD-8 Not reported 1981 and South for principal diagnosis Australia Servadei et al., 1981 to San Marino Medical record review with those with skull fracture or Evaluated by GCS but not reported 1985 1982 Republic LOC hospital admitted Wang et al., 1983 Urban areas of Survey of 6 cities with door-to-door interviews and Survey included only a survival population. 1986 China medical record followup Severity not evaluated Nestvold et al., 1974 Central Norway, Prospective identification by surgeons on duty case Survey ranked by length of PTA: None = 1, < 0.5 1988 Akershus County inclusion with neurological symptoms hr = 2, 0.5â6 hr = 3, 6â24 hr = 4, 1â2 days = 5, 3â7 (Oslo) days = 6, > 7 days = 7 Servadei et al., 1981 to Ravenna, Italy ED identification plus hospital admission and record GCS; 3â5, 6â8, 9-12, 13â15 1988 1982 review Badcock, 1984 South Australia Prospective study of all ED visits, hospital admissions and Length of PTA: none, < 5 min, 5â60 min, 1â24 1988 prehospital deaths hrs, 1â7 days, 1â4 wks, > 4 wks Tiret et al., 1986 Aquitaine, Prehospital deaths and hospital admissions survey by Severity by 3 classes based on PTA of coma > 6 1990 France medical staff using 180 possible head injury codes using hrs = severe, PTA 15 min to 6 hrs = moderate, AIS and ISS PTA, 15 min = mild Levi et al., 1984 to Northern Israel Prospective patient identification from referral to GCS used but not recorded 1990 1988 neurological service records Nell and Brown, 1986 Johannesburg, Inpatient admission with screening ICD-9 codes 800â804, GCS, mild = 13â15, moderate = 7â12 and severe = 1991 South Africa 850â854, 293, 294, 310, 870â873, 950â951, 958, 345, 3â6 347, 348, 253.9 75
76 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Johansson et al., 1984 to Northern Sweden Hospital admissions with ICD 850â854 Severity not evaluated 1991 1985 Annoni et al., 1987 Canton St. Hospitalized patients with intracranial lesions on Severe brain injury only GCS < 7, 7â9, 10â12, > 1992 Gallen, admission CT 12 Switzerland Vazquez- 1988 Cantabria, Spain Hospital admissions with objective neurological findings GCS, minor = 13â15, moderate 9â12, severe 3â8 Barquero et al., such as LOC, skull fracture 1992 Engberg, 1995 1988 Frederiksborg ED and hospital ICUs in 4 hospitals using hospital Severity by PTA: 24 hrs-7 days = severe, very County, Denmark records, Danish Hospital Register and National Register severe 7 days Chiu et al., 1988 to Taiwan Hospital admission with LOC, skull fracture, neurological GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 1994 deficit or CT intracranial hemorrhage severe 8 Hillier et al., 1987 South Australia All public and private hospitals with admission ICD-9 GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 codes of 348, 800, 803, 804, 850-854 severe = 3â 8; PTA < 30 min = mild, 30â60 min = moderate, > 60 min = severe, PTA < 60 min = mild, 60 min = moderate, 24 hrs = severe Ingebrigtsen et 1993 Northern Norway All patient referral medical records includes ED visits GCS: minimal = 15 no LOC, mild = 14 or 15 plus al., excludes scalp, facial injuries PTA or brief LOC or impaired alertness, moderate 1998 = 9â13 or LOC > 5 min or focal neurological deficit, severe = 5â8, critical = 3â4 Tate et al., 1988 New South Admission to region hospital with ICD-9 codes 310, 800, Severe = PTA > 24 hrs, or GCS of < 9, moderate 1998 Wales, Australia 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 905.0, 907 = PTA 1â24 hrs or GCS 9â12, mild = PTA or LOC < 1 hr Alaranta et al., 1991 to Finland Hospital discharge or register using ICD-9 codes: 800, Severity not evaluated 2000 1995 801, 803, 850â854 (first-time patients only) Pickett et al., 1988 Greater Kingston Computerized ED injury records from the CHIRPP system Severity not reported 2001 Area of Canada Engberg and 1979 to Denmark Danish National Hospital Register using 8th ICD codes Severity not evaluated Teasdale, 1996 800, 801, 803, 850â854, mortality data from National 2001 Death Register using ICD 8th and 10th codes
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons hospital admitted through emergency service with AIS score of 4 or 5 or LOC 6â24 hrs GCS < 9 2001 of any one of 19 hospitals, data from treating hospital Firsching and 1996 Germany Head injury hospital admitted patients including Severity scoring not reported Woischneck, concussion; deaths from Federal Bureau of Statistics 2001 Gururaj, 1999 Bangalore, India Case definitions from the Neurotrauma Registry of GCS used by categories of severity not defined 2002 National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bangalore India including LOC or PTA neurological changes, skull fracture, death due to TBI Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna and Hospital admissions with ICD-9 codes 800â800.3, 801â Severity not evaluated 2002b Trentino, Italy 801.3, 803â803.3, 850; 851â851.1, 852â852.1 853â853.1, 854â854.1 Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna, Italy All patients admitted to hospital care with a discharge Mild TBI as defined by Duckin using ICD codes 2002a diagnosis of ICD-9 800â803.0, 801â801.3, 803â804.3, GCS of 14â15 = mild, 9â13 = moderate, < 9 = 850â854. In hospital and prehospital deaths identified severe from hospital records or death certificates Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons admitted to anyone of 19 public hospitals with Severe TBI by GCS of < 9 for at least 24 hrs 2003 prolonged coma determined by LOC > 24 hrs or GCS of < 9 before sedation Kleiven et al., 1987 to Sweden National hospital discharge register using ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 2003 2000 804, 850â854, (ICD-9) and S2.0âS2.9, S6.0âS6.9 (ICD- 10) Andersson et al., 1992 to Western Sweden Persons identified from hospitals ED unit, discharge Mix of symptoms defined by American Congress 2003 1993 register, regional neurological clinic and coronerâs records of Rehabilitation Medicine ICD-9, 850â854, 800â804 Baldo et al., 1966 to Northeast Italy Hospital discharges with ICD-9 codes 800, 801.9, 803, ICDMAP-90 used to convert ICD codes to AIS: 2003 2000 804.9, 850â854.1 located on data base for region 1/2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4/5 = severe Santos et al., 1994, Portugal From National Institute of Statistics using ICD-9 codes Severity not evaluated 2003 1996, 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 907 for hospital discharge 1997 and mortality data 77
78 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Steudel et al., 1972 to Germany Federal Bureau of Statistics using ICD-9 codes 800-804 Focus of study is on fatal head injury 2005 1998 and 850â854 and ICD-10 S02âS02.9 and S06âS06.9 Tennant, 2005 2001 to England Hospital Episodes Statistics using ICD-10 codes S00â Severity not evaluated 2003 S09.9 for hospital inpatient care plus Primary Care Trusts Chiu et al., 2007 1991, Taipei City and Prospective TBI registry data. |
1995 | IMP PIST 0.6X4.5MM | CDM | done Langlois et al., 1995 to US ED visits from National Ambulatory Care Survey ICD-9-CM codes Not evaluated 2006 2001 800â801, 803â804, 850â854, 959 Hospitalizations: National Hospital Discharge Survey, same as ICD codes as above Deaths multiple cause of death taken from US National Vital Statistics System [some double counting was probable] Selassie et al., 2004 1996 to South Carolina Statewide surveillance of TBI related hospitalizations. Used ICD-9- Mild = AIS 1â2, Moderate = AIS 3, 2001 CM codes as in Langlois et al., 2003 Severe = AIS 4â5 73
74 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Texas Department 1998 Texas Texas Trauma Registry and Bureau of Vital Statistics ICD-9 codes GCS used but not reported of Health, 2004 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Rutland-Brown et 1995 to US Update from Langlois et al., 2003, see this for case ID See Langlois et al., 2003 al., 2006 2001 NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CA = California, CNS = central nervous system, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDA-8 = International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision, ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, ICDMAP = computer algorithm; ID = identification, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, MN = Minnesota, PAS = Professional Activities Study, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, US = United States. TABLE 3.3 Non-US Incidence Studies: Case Identification, Data Source, and TBI Severity Score Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Jennett and 1974 England, Wales Death records, hospital admission records with ICD 800, Not reported MacMillan, and Scotland 801, 803, 804, 850â854 1981 Selecki et al., 1977 New South Wales Hospital inpatient statistics of Health Commission ICD-8 Not reported 1981 and South for principal diagnosis Australia Servadei et al., 1981 to San Marino Medical record review with those with skull fracture or Evaluated by GCS but not reported 1985 1982 Republic LOC hospital admitted Wang et al., 1983 Urban areas of Survey of 6 cities with door-to-door interviews and Survey included only a survival population. 1986 China medical record followup Severity not evaluated Nestvold et al., 1974 Central Norway, Prospective identification by surgeons on duty case Survey ranked by length of PTA: None = 1, < 0.5 1988 Akershus County inclusion with neurological symptoms hr = 2, 0.5â6 hr = 3, 6â24 hr = 4, 1â2 days = 5, 3â7 (Oslo) days = 6, > 7 days = 7 Servadei et al., 1981 to Ravenna, Italy ED identification plus hospital admission and record GCS; 3â5, 6â8, 9-12, 13â15 1988 1982 review Badcock, 1984 South Australia Prospective study of all ED visits, hospital admissions and Length of PTA: none, < 5 min, 5â60 min, 1â24 1988 prehospital deaths hrs, 1â7 days, 1â4 wks, > 4 wks Tiret et al., 1986 Aquitaine, Prehospital deaths and hospital admissions survey by Severity by 3 classes based on PTA of coma > 6 1990 France medical staff using 180 possible head injury codes using hrs = severe, PTA 15 min to 6 hrs = moderate, AIS and ISS PTA, 15 min = mild Levi et al., 1984 to Northern Israel Prospective patient identification from referral to GCS used but not recorded 1990 1988 neurological service records Nell and Brown, 1986 Johannesburg, Inpatient admission with screening ICD-9 codes 800â804, GCS, mild = 13â15, moderate = 7â12 and severe = 1991 South Africa 850â854, 293, 294, 310, 870â873, 950â951, 958, 345, 3â6 347, 348, 253.9 75
76 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Johansson et al., 1984 to Northern Sweden Hospital admissions with ICD 850â854 Severity not evaluated 1991 1985 Annoni et al., 1987 Canton St. Hospitalized patients with intracranial lesions on Severe brain injury only GCS < 7, 7â9, 10â12, > 1992 Gallen, admission CT 12 Switzerland Vazquez- 1988 Cantabria, Spain Hospital admissions with objective neurological findings GCS, minor = 13â15, moderate 9â12, severe 3â8 Barquero et al., such as LOC, skull fracture 1992 Engberg, 1995 1988 Frederiksborg ED and hospital ICUs in 4 hospitals using hospital Severity by PTA: 24 hrs-7 days = severe, very County, Denmark records, Danish Hospital Register and National Register severe 7 days Chiu et al., 1988 to Taiwan Hospital admission with LOC, skull fracture, neurological GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 1994 deficit or CT intracranial hemorrhage severe 8 Hillier et al., 1987 South Australia All public and private hospitals with admission ICD-9 GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 codes of 348, 800, 803, 804, 850-854 severe = 3â 8; PTA < 30 min = mild, 30â60 min = moderate, > 60 min = severe, PTA < 60 min = mild, 60 min = moderate, 24 hrs = severe Ingebrigtsen et 1993 Northern Norway All patient referral medical records includes ED visits GCS: minimal = 15 no LOC, mild = 14 or 15 plus al., excludes scalp, facial injuries PTA or brief LOC or impaired alertness, moderate 1998 = 9â13 or LOC > 5 min or focal neurological deficit, severe = 5â8, critical = 3â4 Tate et al., 1988 New South Admission to region hospital with ICD-9 codes 310, 800, Severe = PTA > 24 hrs, or GCS of < 9, moderate 1998 Wales, Australia 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 905.0, 907 = PTA 1â24 hrs or GCS 9â12, mild = PTA or LOC < 1 hr Alaranta et al., 1991 to Finland Hospital discharge or register using ICD-9 codes: 800, Severity not evaluated 2000 1995 801, 803, 850â854 (first-time patients only) Pickett et al., 1988 Greater Kingston Computerized ED injury records from the CHIRPP system Severity not reported 2001 Area of Canada Engberg and 1979 to Denmark Danish National Hospital Register using 8th ICD codes Severity not evaluated Teasdale, 1996 800, 801, 803, 850â854, mortality data from National 2001 Death Register using ICD 8th and 10th codes
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons hospital admitted through emergency service with AIS score of 4 or 5 or LOC 6â24 hrs GCS < 9 2001 of any one of 19 hospitals, data from treating hospital Firsching and 1996 Germany Head injury hospital admitted patients including Severity scoring not reported Woischneck, concussion; deaths from Federal Bureau of Statistics 2001 Gururaj, 1999 Bangalore, India Case definitions from the Neurotrauma Registry of GCS used by categories of severity not defined 2002 National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bangalore India including LOC or PTA neurological changes, skull fracture, death due to TBI Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna and Hospital admissions with ICD-9 codes 800â800.3, 801â Severity not evaluated 2002b Trentino, Italy 801.3, 803â803.3, 850; 851â851.1, 852â852.1 853â853.1, 854â854.1 Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna, Italy All patients admitted to hospital care with a discharge Mild TBI as defined by Duckin using ICD codes 2002a diagnosis of ICD-9 800â803.0, 801â801.3, 803â804.3, GCS of 14â15 = mild, 9â13 = moderate, < 9 = 850â854. In hospital and prehospital deaths identified severe from hospital records or death certificates Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons admitted to anyone of 19 public hospitals with Severe TBI by GCS of < 9 for at least 24 hrs 2003 prolonged coma determined by LOC > 24 hrs or GCS of < 9 before sedation Kleiven et al., 1987 to Sweden National hospital discharge register using ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 2003 2000 804, 850â854, (ICD-9) and S2.0âS2.9, S6.0âS6.9 (ICD- 10) Andersson et al., 1992 to Western Sweden Persons identified from hospitals ED unit, discharge Mix of symptoms defined by American Congress 2003 1993 register, regional neurological clinic and coronerâs records of Rehabilitation Medicine ICD-9, 850â854, 800â804 Baldo et al., 1966 to Northeast Italy Hospital discharges with ICD-9 codes 800, 801.9, 803, ICDMAP-90 used to convert ICD codes to AIS: 2003 2000 804.9, 850â854.1 located on data base for region 1/2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4/5 = severe Santos et al., 1994, Portugal From National Institute of Statistics using ICD-9 codes Severity not evaluated 2003 1996, 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 907 for hospital discharge 1997 and mortality data 77
78 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Steudel et al., 1972 to Germany Federal Bureau of Statistics using ICD-9 codes 800-804 Focus of study is on fatal head injury 2005 1998 and 850â854 and ICD-10 S02âS02.9 and S06âS06.9 Tennant, 2005 2001 to England Hospital Episodes Statistics using ICD-10 codes S00â Severity not evaluated 2003 S09.9 for hospital inpatient care plus Primary Care Trusts Chiu et al., 2007 1991, Taipei City and Prospective TBI registry data. |
1993 | IMP EAR RICHARDS 0.6X3.5MM | CDM | done Langlois et al., 1995 to US ED visits from National Ambulatory Care Survey ICD-9-CM codes Not evaluated 2006 2001 800â801, 803â804, 850â854, 959 Hospitalizations: National Hospital Discharge Survey, same as ICD codes as above Deaths multiple cause of death taken from US National Vital Statistics System [some double counting was probable] Selassie et al., 2004 1996 to South Carolina Statewide surveillance of TBI related hospitalizations. Used ICD-9- Mild = AIS 1â2, Moderate = AIS 3, 2001 CM codes as in Langlois et al., 2003 Severe = AIS 4â5 73
74 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Texas Department 1998 Texas Texas Trauma Registry and Bureau of Vital Statistics ICD-9 codes GCS used but not reported of Health, 2004 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Rutland-Brown et 1995 to US Update from Langlois et al., 2003, see this for case ID See Langlois et al., 2003 al., 2006 2001 NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CA = California, CNS = central nervous system, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDA-8 = International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision, ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, ICDMAP = computer algorithm; ID = identification, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, MN = Minnesota, PAS = Professional Activities Study, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, US = United States. TABLE 3.3 Non-US Incidence Studies: Case Identification, Data Source, and TBI Severity Score Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Jennett and 1974 England, Wales Death records, hospital admission records with ICD 800, Not reported MacMillan, and Scotland 801, 803, 804, 850â854 1981 Selecki et al., 1977 New South Wales Hospital inpatient statistics of Health Commission ICD-8 Not reported 1981 and South for principal diagnosis Australia Servadei et al., 1981 to San Marino Medical record review with those with skull fracture or Evaluated by GCS but not reported 1985 1982 Republic LOC hospital admitted Wang et al., 1983 Urban areas of Survey of 6 cities with door-to-door interviews and Survey included only a survival population. 1986 China medical record followup Severity not evaluated Nestvold et al., 1974 Central Norway, Prospective identification by surgeons on duty case Survey ranked by length of PTA: None = 1, < 0.5 1988 Akershus County inclusion with neurological symptoms hr = 2, 0.5â6 hr = 3, 6â24 hr = 4, 1â2 days = 5, 3â7 (Oslo) days = 6, > 7 days = 7 Servadei et al., 1981 to Ravenna, Italy ED identification plus hospital admission and record GCS; 3â5, 6â8, 9-12, 13â15 1988 1982 review Badcock, 1984 South Australia Prospective study of all ED visits, hospital admissions and Length of PTA: none, < 5 min, 5â60 min, 1â24 1988 prehospital deaths hrs, 1â7 days, 1â4 wks, > 4 wks Tiret et al., 1986 Aquitaine, Prehospital deaths and hospital admissions survey by Severity by 3 classes based on PTA of coma > 6 1990 France medical staff using 180 possible head injury codes using hrs = severe, PTA 15 min to 6 hrs = moderate, AIS and ISS PTA, 15 min = mild Levi et al., 1984 to Northern Israel Prospective patient identification from referral to GCS used but not recorded 1990 1988 neurological service records Nell and Brown, 1986 Johannesburg, Inpatient admission with screening ICD-9 codes 800â804, GCS, mild = 13â15, moderate = 7â12 and severe = 1991 South Africa 850â854, 293, 294, 310, 870â873, 950â951, 958, 345, 3â6 347, 348, 253.9 75
76 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Johansson et al., 1984 to Northern Sweden Hospital admissions with ICD 850â854 Severity not evaluated 1991 1985 Annoni et al., 1987 Canton St. Hospitalized patients with intracranial lesions on Severe brain injury only GCS < 7, 7â9, 10â12, > 1992 Gallen, admission CT 12 Switzerland Vazquez- 1988 Cantabria, Spain Hospital admissions with objective neurological findings GCS, minor = 13â15, moderate 9â12, severe 3â8 Barquero et al., such as LOC, skull fracture 1992 Engberg, 1995 1988 Frederiksborg ED and hospital ICUs in 4 hospitals using hospital Severity by PTA: 24 hrs-7 days = severe, very County, Denmark records, Danish Hospital Register and National Register severe 7 days Chiu et al., 1988 to Taiwan Hospital admission with LOC, skull fracture, neurological GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 1994 deficit or CT intracranial hemorrhage severe 8 Hillier et al., 1987 South Australia All public and private hospitals with admission ICD-9 GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 codes of 348, 800, 803, 804, 850-854 severe = 3â 8; PTA < 30 min = mild, 30â60 min = moderate, > 60 min = severe, PTA < 60 min = mild, 60 min = moderate, 24 hrs = severe Ingebrigtsen et 1993 Northern Norway All patient referral medical records includes ED visits GCS: minimal = 15 no LOC, mild = 14 or 15 plus al., excludes scalp, facial injuries PTA or brief LOC or impaired alertness, moderate 1998 = 9â13 or LOC > 5 min or focal neurological deficit, severe = 5â8, critical = 3â4 Tate et al., 1988 New South Admission to region hospital with ICD-9 codes 310, 800, Severe = PTA > 24 hrs, or GCS of < 9, moderate 1998 Wales, Australia 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 905.0, 907 = PTA 1â24 hrs or GCS 9â12, mild = PTA or LOC < 1 hr Alaranta et al., 1991 to Finland Hospital discharge or register using ICD-9 codes: 800, Severity not evaluated 2000 1995 801, 803, 850â854 (first-time patients only) Pickett et al., 1988 Greater Kingston Computerized ED injury records from the CHIRPP system Severity not reported 2001 Area of Canada Engberg and 1979 to Denmark Danish National Hospital Register using 8th ICD codes Severity not evaluated Teasdale, 1996 800, 801, 803, 850â854, mortality data from National 2001 Death Register using ICD 8th and 10th codes
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons hospital admitted through emergency service with AIS score of 4 or 5 or LOC 6â24 hrs GCS < 9 2001 of any one of 19 hospitals, data from treating hospital Firsching and 1996 Germany Head injury hospital admitted patients including Severity scoring not reported Woischneck, concussion; deaths from Federal Bureau of Statistics 2001 Gururaj, 1999 Bangalore, India Case definitions from the Neurotrauma Registry of GCS used by categories of severity not defined 2002 National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bangalore India including LOC or PTA neurological changes, skull fracture, death due to TBI Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna and Hospital admissions with ICD-9 codes 800â800.3, 801â Severity not evaluated 2002b Trentino, Italy 801.3, 803â803.3, 850; 851â851.1, 852â852.1 853â853.1, 854â854.1 Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna, Italy All patients admitted to hospital care with a discharge Mild TBI as defined by Duckin using ICD codes 2002a diagnosis of ICD-9 800â803.0, 801â801.3, 803â804.3, GCS of 14â15 = mild, 9â13 = moderate, < 9 = 850â854. In hospital and prehospital deaths identified severe from hospital records or death certificates Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons admitted to anyone of 19 public hospitals with Severe TBI by GCS of < 9 for at least 24 hrs 2003 prolonged coma determined by LOC > 24 hrs or GCS of < 9 before sedation Kleiven et al., 1987 to Sweden National hospital discharge register using ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 2003 2000 804, 850â854, (ICD-9) and S2.0âS2.9, S6.0âS6.9 (ICD- 10) Andersson et al., 1992 to Western Sweden Persons identified from hospitals ED unit, discharge Mix of symptoms defined by American Congress 2003 1993 register, regional neurological clinic and coronerâs records of Rehabilitation Medicine ICD-9, 850â854, 800â804 Baldo et al., 1966 to Northeast Italy Hospital discharges with ICD-9 codes 800, 801.9, 803, ICDMAP-90 used to convert ICD codes to AIS: 2003 2000 804.9, 850â854.1 located on data base for region 1/2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4/5 = severe Santos et al., 1994, Portugal From National Institute of Statistics using ICD-9 codes Severity not evaluated 2003 1996, 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 907 for hospital discharge 1997 and mortality data 77
78 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Steudel et al., 1972 to Germany Federal Bureau of Statistics using ICD-9 codes 800-804 Focus of study is on fatal head injury 2005 1998 and 850â854 and ICD-10 S02âS02.9 and S06âS06.9 Tennant, 2005 2001 to England Hospital Episodes Statistics using ICD-10 codes S00â Severity not evaluated 2003 S09.9 for hospital inpatient care plus Primary Care Trusts Chiu et al., 2007 1991, Taipei City and Prospective TBI registry data. |
2003 | FILTER VENA CAVA FEM 7X48 SIMON NITINOL | CDM | done Langlois et al., 1995 to US ED visits from National Ambulatory Care Survey ICD-9-CM codes Not evaluated 2006 2001 800â801, 803â804, 850â854, 959 Hospitalizations: National Hospital Discharge Survey, same as ICD codes as above Deaths multiple cause of death taken from US National Vital Statistics System [some double counting was probable] Selassie et al., 2004 1996 to South Carolina Statewide surveillance of TBI related hospitalizations. Used ICD-9- Mild = AIS 1â2, Moderate = AIS 3, 2001 CM codes as in Langlois et al., 2003 Severe = AIS 4â5 73
74 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Texas Department 1998 Texas Texas Trauma Registry and Bureau of Vital Statistics ICD-9 codes GCS used but not reported of Health, 2004 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Rutland-Brown et 1995 to US Update from Langlois et al., 2003, see this for case ID See Langlois et al., 2003 al., 2006 2001 NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CA = California, CNS = central nervous system, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDA-8 = International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision, ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, ICDMAP = computer algorithm; ID = identification, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, MN = Minnesota, PAS = Professional Activities Study, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, US = United States. TABLE 3.3 Non-US Incidence Studies: Case Identification, Data Source, and TBI Severity Score Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Jennett and 1974 England, Wales Death records, hospital admission records with ICD 800, Not reported MacMillan, and Scotland 801, 803, 804, 850â854 1981 Selecki et al., 1977 New South Wales Hospital inpatient statistics of Health Commission ICD-8 Not reported 1981 and South for principal diagnosis Australia Servadei et al., 1981 to San Marino Medical record review with those with skull fracture or Evaluated by GCS but not reported 1985 1982 Republic LOC hospital admitted Wang et al., 1983 Urban areas of Survey of 6 cities with door-to-door interviews and Survey included only a survival population. 1986 China medical record followup Severity not evaluated Nestvold et al., 1974 Central Norway, Prospective identification by surgeons on duty case Survey ranked by length of PTA: None = 1, < 0.5 1988 Akershus County inclusion with neurological symptoms hr = 2, 0.5â6 hr = 3, 6â24 hr = 4, 1â2 days = 5, 3â7 (Oslo) days = 6, > 7 days = 7 Servadei et al., 1981 to Ravenna, Italy ED identification plus hospital admission and record GCS; 3â5, 6â8, 9-12, 13â15 1988 1982 review Badcock, 1984 South Australia Prospective study of all ED visits, hospital admissions and Length of PTA: none, < 5 min, 5â60 min, 1â24 1988 prehospital deaths hrs, 1â7 days, 1â4 wks, > 4 wks Tiret et al., 1986 Aquitaine, Prehospital deaths and hospital admissions survey by Severity by 3 classes based on PTA of coma > 6 1990 France medical staff using 180 possible head injury codes using hrs = severe, PTA 15 min to 6 hrs = moderate, AIS and ISS PTA, 15 min = mild Levi et al., 1984 to Northern Israel Prospective patient identification from referral to GCS used but not recorded 1990 1988 neurological service records Nell and Brown, 1986 Johannesburg, Inpatient admission with screening ICD-9 codes 800â804, GCS, mild = 13â15, moderate = 7â12 and severe = 1991 South Africa 850â854, 293, 294, 310, 870â873, 950â951, 958, 345, 3â6 347, 348, 253.9 75
76 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Johansson et al., 1984 to Northern Sweden Hospital admissions with ICD 850â854 Severity not evaluated 1991 1985 Annoni et al., 1987 Canton St. Hospitalized patients with intracranial lesions on Severe brain injury only GCS < 7, 7â9, 10â12, > 1992 Gallen, admission CT 12 Switzerland Vazquez- 1988 Cantabria, Spain Hospital admissions with objective neurological findings GCS, minor = 13â15, moderate 9â12, severe 3â8 Barquero et al., such as LOC, skull fracture 1992 Engberg, 1995 1988 Frederiksborg ED and hospital ICUs in 4 hospitals using hospital Severity by PTA: 24 hrs-7 days = severe, very County, Denmark records, Danish Hospital Register and National Register severe 7 days Chiu et al., 1988 to Taiwan Hospital admission with LOC, skull fracture, neurological GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 1994 deficit or CT intracranial hemorrhage severe 8 Hillier et al., 1987 South Australia All public and private hospitals with admission ICD-9 GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 codes of 348, 800, 803, 804, 850-854 severe = 3â 8; PTA < 30 min = mild, 30â60 min = moderate, > 60 min = severe, PTA < 60 min = mild, 60 min = moderate, 24 hrs = severe Ingebrigtsen et 1993 Northern Norway All patient referral medical records includes ED visits GCS: minimal = 15 no LOC, mild = 14 or 15 plus al., excludes scalp, facial injuries PTA or brief LOC or impaired alertness, moderate 1998 = 9â13 or LOC > 5 min or focal neurological deficit, severe = 5â8, critical = 3â4 Tate et al., 1988 New South Admission to region hospital with ICD-9 codes 310, 800, Severe = PTA > 24 hrs, or GCS of < 9, moderate 1998 Wales, Australia 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 905.0, 907 = PTA 1â24 hrs or GCS 9â12, mild = PTA or LOC < 1 hr Alaranta et al., 1991 to Finland Hospital discharge or register using ICD-9 codes: 800, Severity not evaluated 2000 1995 801, 803, 850â854 (first-time patients only) Pickett et al., 1988 Greater Kingston Computerized ED injury records from the CHIRPP system Severity not reported 2001 Area of Canada Engberg and 1979 to Denmark Danish National Hospital Register using 8th ICD codes Severity not evaluated Teasdale, 1996 800, 801, 803, 850â854, mortality data from National 2001 Death Register using ICD 8th and 10th codes
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons hospital admitted through emergency service with AIS score of 4 or 5 or LOC 6â24 hrs GCS < 9 2001 of any one of 19 hospitals, data from treating hospital Firsching and 1996 Germany Head injury hospital admitted patients including Severity scoring not reported Woischneck, concussion; deaths from Federal Bureau of Statistics 2001 Gururaj, 1999 Bangalore, India Case definitions from the Neurotrauma Registry of GCS used by categories of severity not defined 2002 National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bangalore India including LOC or PTA neurological changes, skull fracture, death due to TBI Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna and Hospital admissions with ICD-9 codes 800â800.3, 801â Severity not evaluated 2002b Trentino, Italy 801.3, 803â803.3, 850; 851â851.1, 852â852.1 853â853.1, 854â854.1 Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna, Italy All patients admitted to hospital care with a discharge Mild TBI as defined by Duckin using ICD codes 2002a diagnosis of ICD-9 800â803.0, 801â801.3, 803â804.3, GCS of 14â15 = mild, 9â13 = moderate, < 9 = 850â854. In hospital and prehospital deaths identified severe from hospital records or death certificates Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons admitted to anyone of 19 public hospitals with Severe TBI by GCS of < 9 for at least 24 hrs 2003 prolonged coma determined by LOC > 24 hrs or GCS of < 9 before sedation Kleiven et al., 1987 to Sweden National hospital discharge register using ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 2003 2000 804, 850â854, (ICD-9) and S2.0âS2.9, S6.0âS6.9 (ICD- 10) Andersson et al., 1992 to Western Sweden Persons identified from hospitals ED unit, discharge Mix of symptoms defined by American Congress 2003 1993 register, regional neurological clinic and coronerâs records of Rehabilitation Medicine ICD-9, 850â854, 800â804 Baldo et al., 1966 to Northeast Italy Hospital discharges with ICD-9 codes 800, 801.9, 803, ICDMAP-90 used to convert ICD codes to AIS: 2003 2000 804.9, 850â854.1 located on data base for region 1/2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4/5 = severe Santos et al., 1994, Portugal From National Institute of Statistics using ICD-9 codes Severity not evaluated 2003 1996, 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 907 for hospital discharge 1997 and mortality data 77
78 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Steudel et al., 1972 to Germany Federal Bureau of Statistics using ICD-9 codes 800-804 Focus of study is on fatal head injury 2005 1998 and 850â854 and ICD-10 S02âS02.9 and S06âS06.9 Tennant, 2005 2001 to England Hospital Episodes Statistics using ICD-10 codes S00â Severity not evaluated 2003 S09.9 for hospital inpatient care plus Primary Care Trusts Chiu et al., 2007 1991, Taipei City and Prospective TBI registry data. |
1994 | IMP PIST RICHARDS 0.6X4MM | CDM | Used ICD-9- Mild = AIS 1â2, Moderate = AIS 3, 2001 CM codes as in Langlois et al., 2003 Severe = AIS 4â5 73
74 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Texas Department 1998 Texas Texas Trauma Registry and Bureau of Vital Statistics ICD-9 codes GCS used but not reported of Health, 2004 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Rutland-Brown et 1995 to US Update from Langlois et al., 2003, see this for case ID See Langlois et al., 2003 al., 2006 2001 NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CA = California, CNS = central nervous system, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDA-8 = International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision, ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, ICDMAP = computer algorithm; ID = identification, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, MN = Minnesota, PAS = Professional Activities Study, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, US = United States. TABLE 3.3 Non-US Incidence Studies: Case Identification, Data Source, and TBI Severity Score Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Jennett and 1974 England, Wales Death records, hospital admission records with ICD 800, Not reported MacMillan, and Scotland 801, 803, 804, 850â854 1981 Selecki et al., 1977 New South Wales Hospital inpatient statistics of Health Commission ICD-8 Not reported 1981 and South for principal diagnosis Australia Servadei et al., 1981 to San Marino Medical record review with those with skull fracture or Evaluated by GCS but not reported 1985 1982 Republic LOC hospital admitted Wang et al., 1983 Urban areas of Survey of 6 cities with door-to-door interviews and Survey included only a survival population. 1986 China medical record followup Severity not evaluated Nestvold et al., 1974 Central Norway, Prospective identification by surgeons on duty case Survey ranked by length of PTA: None = 1, < 0.5 1988 Akershus County inclusion with neurological symptoms hr = 2, 0.5â6 hr = 3, 6â24 hr = 4, 1â2 days = 5, 3â7 (Oslo) days = 6, > 7 days = 7 Servadei et al., 1981 to Ravenna, Italy ED identification plus hospital admission and record GCS; 3â5, 6â8, 9-12, 13â15 1988 1982 review Badcock, 1984 South Australia Prospective study of all ED visits, hospital admissions and Length of PTA: none, < 5 min, 5â60 min, 1â24 1988 prehospital deaths hrs, 1â7 days, 1â4 wks, > 4 wks Tiret et al., 1986 Aquitaine, Prehospital deaths and hospital admissions survey by Severity by 3 classes based on PTA of coma > 6 1990 France medical staff using 180 possible head injury codes using hrs = severe, PTA 15 min to 6 hrs = moderate, AIS and ISS PTA, 15 min = mild Levi et al., 1984 to Northern Israel Prospective patient identification from referral to GCS used but not recorded 1990 1988 neurological service records Nell and Brown, 1986 Johannesburg, Inpatient admission with screening ICD-9 codes 800â804, GCS, mild = 13â15, moderate = 7â12 and severe = 1991 South Africa 850â854, 293, 294, 310, 870â873, 950â951, 958, 345, 3â6 347, 348, 253.9 75
76 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Johansson et al., 1984 to Northern Sweden Hospital admissions with ICD 850â854 Severity not evaluated 1991 1985 Annoni et al., 1987 Canton St. Hospitalized patients with intracranial lesions on Severe brain injury only GCS < 7, 7â9, 10â12, > 1992 Gallen, admission CT 12 Switzerland Vazquez- 1988 Cantabria, Spain Hospital admissions with objective neurological findings GCS, minor = 13â15, moderate 9â12, severe 3â8 Barquero et al., such as LOC, skull fracture 1992 Engberg, 1995 1988 Frederiksborg ED and hospital ICUs in 4 hospitals using hospital Severity by PTA: 24 hrs-7 days = severe, very County, Denmark records, Danish Hospital Register and National Register severe 7 days Chiu et al., 1988 to Taiwan Hospital admission with LOC, skull fracture, neurological GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 1994 deficit or CT intracranial hemorrhage severe 8 Hillier et al., 1987 South Australia All public and private hospitals with admission ICD-9 GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 codes of 348, 800, 803, 804, 850-854 severe = 3â 8; PTA < 30 min = mild, 30â60 min = moderate, > 60 min = severe, PTA < 60 min = mild, 60 min = moderate, 24 hrs = severe Ingebrigtsen et 1993 Northern Norway All patient referral medical records includes ED visits GCS: minimal = 15 no LOC, mild = 14 or 15 plus al., excludes scalp, facial injuries PTA or brief LOC or impaired alertness, moderate 1998 = 9â13 or LOC > 5 min or focal neurological deficit, severe = 5â8, critical = 3â4 Tate et al., 1988 New South Admission to region hospital with ICD-9 codes 310, 800, Severe = PTA > 24 hrs, or GCS of < 9, moderate 1998 Wales, Australia 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 905.0, 907 = PTA 1â24 hrs or GCS 9â12, mild = PTA or LOC < 1 hr Alaranta et al., 1991 to Finland Hospital discharge or register using ICD-9 codes: 800, Severity not evaluated 2000 1995 801, 803, 850â854 (first-time patients only) Pickett et al., 1988 Greater Kingston Computerized ED injury records from the CHIRPP system Severity not reported 2001 Area of Canada Engberg and 1979 to Denmark Danish National Hospital Register using 8th ICD codes Severity not evaluated Teasdale, 1996 800, 801, 803, 850â854, mortality data from National 2001 Death Register using ICD 8th and 10th codes
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons hospital admitted through emergency service with AIS score of 4 or 5 or LOC 6â24 hrs GCS < 9 2001 of any one of 19 hospitals, data from treating hospital Firsching and 1996 Germany Head injury hospital admitted patients including Severity scoring not reported Woischneck, concussion; deaths from Federal Bureau of Statistics 2001 Gururaj, 1999 Bangalore, India Case definitions from the Neurotrauma Registry of GCS used by categories of severity not defined 2002 National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bangalore India including LOC or PTA neurological changes, skull fracture, death due to TBI Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna and Hospital admissions with ICD-9 codes 800â800.3, 801â Severity not evaluated 2002b Trentino, Italy 801.3, 803â803.3, 850; 851â851.1, 852â852.1 853â853.1, 854â854.1 Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna, Italy All patients admitted to hospital care with a discharge Mild TBI as defined by Duckin using ICD codes 2002a diagnosis of ICD-9 800â803.0, 801â801.3, 803â804.3, GCS of 14â15 = mild, 9â13 = moderate, < 9 = 850â854. In hospital and prehospital deaths identified severe from hospital records or death certificates Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons admitted to anyone of 19 public hospitals with Severe TBI by GCS of < 9 for at least 24 hrs 2003 prolonged coma determined by LOC > 24 hrs or GCS of < 9 before sedation Kleiven et al., 1987 to Sweden National hospital discharge register using ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 2003 2000 804, 850â854, (ICD-9) and S2.0âS2.9, S6.0âS6.9 (ICD- 10) Andersson et al., 1992 to Western Sweden Persons identified from hospitals ED unit, discharge Mix of symptoms defined by American Congress 2003 1993 register, regional neurological clinic and coronerâs records of Rehabilitation Medicine ICD-9, 850â854, 800â804 Baldo et al., 1966 to Northeast Italy Hospital discharges with ICD-9 codes 800, 801.9, 803, ICDMAP-90 used to convert ICD codes to AIS: 2003 2000 804.9, 850â854.1 located on data base for region 1/2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4/5 = severe Santos et al., 1994, Portugal From National Institute of Statistics using ICD-9 codes Severity not evaluated 2003 1996, 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 907 for hospital discharge 1997 and mortality data 77
78 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Steudel et al., 1972 to Germany Federal Bureau of Statistics using ICD-9 codes 800-804 Focus of study is on fatal head injury 2005 1998 and 850â854 and ICD-10 S02âS02.9 and S06âS06.9 Tennant, 2005 2001 to England Hospital Episodes Statistics using ICD-10 codes S00â Severity not evaluated 2003 S09.9 for hospital inpatient care plus Primary Care Trusts Chiu et al., 2007 1991, Taipei City and Prospective TBI registry data. Excludes prehospital deaths GCS: severe 9, moderate = 9â15 plus hospital 2001 Hualien County, in 2001 stay at least 48 hrs and had brain surgery or Taiwan abnormal CT scan, mild = all others Yates et al., 1997 to Royal Devon and ED database from one hospital. |
2007 | EPINEPHRINE .1MG/ML | CDM | Used ICD-9- Mild = AIS 1â2, Moderate = AIS 3, 2001 CM codes as in Langlois et al., 2003 Severe = AIS 4â5 73
74 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Texas Department 1998 Texas Texas Trauma Registry and Bureau of Vital Statistics ICD-9 codes GCS used but not reported of Health, 2004 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Rutland-Brown et 1995 to US Update from Langlois et al., 2003, see this for case ID See Langlois et al., 2003 al., 2006 2001 NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CA = California, CNS = central nervous system, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDA-8 = International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision, ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, ICDMAP = computer algorithm; ID = identification, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, MN = Minnesota, PAS = Professional Activities Study, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, US = United States. TABLE 3.3 Non-US Incidence Studies: Case Identification, Data Source, and TBI Severity Score Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Jennett and 1974 England, Wales Death records, hospital admission records with ICD 800, Not reported MacMillan, and Scotland 801, 803, 804, 850â854 1981 Selecki et al., 1977 New South Wales Hospital inpatient statistics of Health Commission ICD-8 Not reported 1981 and South for principal diagnosis Australia Servadei et al., 1981 to San Marino Medical record review with those with skull fracture or Evaluated by GCS but not reported 1985 1982 Republic LOC hospital admitted Wang et al., 1983 Urban areas of Survey of 6 cities with door-to-door interviews and Survey included only a survival population. 1986 China medical record followup Severity not evaluated Nestvold et al., 1974 Central Norway, Prospective identification by surgeons on duty case Survey ranked by length of PTA: None = 1, < 0.5 1988 Akershus County inclusion with neurological symptoms hr = 2, 0.5â6 hr = 3, 6â24 hr = 4, 1â2 days = 5, 3â7 (Oslo) days = 6, > 7 days = 7 Servadei et al., 1981 to Ravenna, Italy ED identification plus hospital admission and record GCS; 3â5, 6â8, 9-12, 13â15 1988 1982 review Badcock, 1984 South Australia Prospective study of all ED visits, hospital admissions and Length of PTA: none, < 5 min, 5â60 min, 1â24 1988 prehospital deaths hrs, 1â7 days, 1â4 wks, > 4 wks Tiret et al., 1986 Aquitaine, Prehospital deaths and hospital admissions survey by Severity by 3 classes based on PTA of coma > 6 1990 France medical staff using 180 possible head injury codes using hrs = severe, PTA 15 min to 6 hrs = moderate, AIS and ISS PTA, 15 min = mild Levi et al., 1984 to Northern Israel Prospective patient identification from referral to GCS used but not recorded 1990 1988 neurological service records Nell and Brown, 1986 Johannesburg, Inpatient admission with screening ICD-9 codes 800â804, GCS, mild = 13â15, moderate = 7â12 and severe = 1991 South Africa 850â854, 293, 294, 310, 870â873, 950â951, 958, 345, 3â6 347, 348, 253.9 75
76 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Johansson et al., 1984 to Northern Sweden Hospital admissions with ICD 850â854 Severity not evaluated 1991 1985 Annoni et al., 1987 Canton St. Hospitalized patients with intracranial lesions on Severe brain injury only GCS < 7, 7â9, 10â12, > 1992 Gallen, admission CT 12 Switzerland Vazquez- 1988 Cantabria, Spain Hospital admissions with objective neurological findings GCS, minor = 13â15, moderate 9â12, severe 3â8 Barquero et al., such as LOC, skull fracture 1992 Engberg, 1995 1988 Frederiksborg ED and hospital ICUs in 4 hospitals using hospital Severity by PTA: 24 hrs-7 days = severe, very County, Denmark records, Danish Hospital Register and National Register severe 7 days Chiu et al., 1988 to Taiwan Hospital admission with LOC, skull fracture, neurological GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 1994 deficit or CT intracranial hemorrhage severe 8 Hillier et al., 1987 South Australia All public and private hospitals with admission ICD-9 GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 codes of 348, 800, 803, 804, 850-854 severe = 3â 8; PTA < 30 min = mild, 30â60 min = moderate, > 60 min = severe, PTA < 60 min = mild, 60 min = moderate, 24 hrs = severe Ingebrigtsen et 1993 Northern Norway All patient referral medical records includes ED visits GCS: minimal = 15 no LOC, mild = 14 or 15 plus al., excludes scalp, facial injuries PTA or brief LOC or impaired alertness, moderate 1998 = 9â13 or LOC > 5 min or focal neurological deficit, severe = 5â8, critical = 3â4 Tate et al., 1988 New South Admission to region hospital with ICD-9 codes 310, 800, Severe = PTA > 24 hrs, or GCS of < 9, moderate 1998 Wales, Australia 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 905.0, 907 = PTA 1â24 hrs or GCS 9â12, mild = PTA or LOC < 1 hr Alaranta et al., 1991 to Finland Hospital discharge or register using ICD-9 codes: 800, Severity not evaluated 2000 1995 801, 803, 850â854 (first-time patients only) Pickett et al., 1988 Greater Kingston Computerized ED injury records from the CHIRPP system Severity not reported 2001 Area of Canada Engberg and 1979 to Denmark Danish National Hospital Register using 8th ICD codes Severity not evaluated Teasdale, 1996 800, 801, 803, 850â854, mortality data from National 2001 Death Register using ICD 8th and 10th codes
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons hospital admitted through emergency service with AIS score of 4 or 5 or LOC 6â24 hrs GCS < 9 2001 of any one of 19 hospitals, data from treating hospital Firsching and 1996 Germany Head injury hospital admitted patients including Severity scoring not reported Woischneck, concussion; deaths from Federal Bureau of Statistics 2001 Gururaj, 1999 Bangalore, India Case definitions from the Neurotrauma Registry of GCS used by categories of severity not defined 2002 National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bangalore India including LOC or PTA neurological changes, skull fracture, death due to TBI Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna and Hospital admissions with ICD-9 codes 800â800.3, 801â Severity not evaluated 2002b Trentino, Italy 801.3, 803â803.3, 850; 851â851.1, 852â852.1 853â853.1, 854â854.1 Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna, Italy All patients admitted to hospital care with a discharge Mild TBI as defined by Duckin using ICD codes 2002a diagnosis of ICD-9 800â803.0, 801â801.3, 803â804.3, GCS of 14â15 = mild, 9â13 = moderate, < 9 = 850â854. In hospital and prehospital deaths identified severe from hospital records or death certificates Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons admitted to anyone of 19 public hospitals with Severe TBI by GCS of < 9 for at least 24 hrs 2003 prolonged coma determined by LOC > 24 hrs or GCS of < 9 before sedation Kleiven et al., 1987 to Sweden National hospital discharge register using ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 2003 2000 804, 850â854, (ICD-9) and S2.0âS2.9, S6.0âS6.9 (ICD- 10) Andersson et al., 1992 to Western Sweden Persons identified from hospitals ED unit, discharge Mix of symptoms defined by American Congress 2003 1993 register, regional neurological clinic and coronerâs records of Rehabilitation Medicine ICD-9, 850â854, 800â804 Baldo et al., 1966 to Northeast Italy Hospital discharges with ICD-9 codes 800, 801.9, 803, ICDMAP-90 used to convert ICD codes to AIS: 2003 2000 804.9, 850â854.1 located on data base for region 1/2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4/5 = severe Santos et al., 1994, Portugal From National Institute of Statistics using ICD-9 codes Severity not evaluated 2003 1996, 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 907 for hospital discharge 1997 and mortality data 77
78 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Steudel et al., 1972 to Germany Federal Bureau of Statistics using ICD-9 codes 800-804 Focus of study is on fatal head injury 2005 1998 and 850â854 and ICD-10 S02âS02.9 and S06âS06.9 Tennant, 2005 2001 to England Hospital Episodes Statistics using ICD-10 codes S00â Severity not evaluated 2003 S09.9 for hospital inpatient care plus Primary Care Trusts Chiu et al., 2007 1991, Taipei City and Prospective TBI registry data. Excludes prehospital deaths GCS: severe 9, moderate = 9â15 plus hospital 2001 Hualien County, in 2001 stay at least 48 hrs and had brain surgery or Taiwan abnormal CT scan, mild = all others Yates et al., 1997 to Royal Devon and ED database from one hospital. |
1995 | IMP PIST 0.6X4.5MM | CDM | Used ICD-9- Mild = AIS 1â2, Moderate = AIS 3, 2001 CM codes as in Langlois et al., 2003 Severe = AIS 4â5 73
74 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Texas Department 1998 Texas Texas Trauma Registry and Bureau of Vital Statistics ICD-9 codes GCS used but not reported of Health, 2004 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Rutland-Brown et 1995 to US Update from Langlois et al., 2003, see this for case ID See Langlois et al., 2003 al., 2006 2001 NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CA = California, CNS = central nervous system, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDA-8 = International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision, ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, ICDMAP = computer algorithm; ID = identification, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, MN = Minnesota, PAS = Professional Activities Study, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, US = United States. TABLE 3.3 Non-US Incidence Studies: Case Identification, Data Source, and TBI Severity Score Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Jennett and 1974 England, Wales Death records, hospital admission records with ICD 800, Not reported MacMillan, and Scotland 801, 803, 804, 850â854 1981 Selecki et al., 1977 New South Wales Hospital inpatient statistics of Health Commission ICD-8 Not reported 1981 and South for principal diagnosis Australia Servadei et al., 1981 to San Marino Medical record review with those with skull fracture or Evaluated by GCS but not reported 1985 1982 Republic LOC hospital admitted Wang et al., 1983 Urban areas of Survey of 6 cities with door-to-door interviews and Survey included only a survival population. 1986 China medical record followup Severity not evaluated Nestvold et al., 1974 Central Norway, Prospective identification by surgeons on duty case Survey ranked by length of PTA: None = 1, < 0.5 1988 Akershus County inclusion with neurological symptoms hr = 2, 0.5â6 hr = 3, 6â24 hr = 4, 1â2 days = 5, 3â7 (Oslo) days = 6, > 7 days = 7 Servadei et al., 1981 to Ravenna, Italy ED identification plus hospital admission and record GCS; 3â5, 6â8, 9-12, 13â15 1988 1982 review Badcock, 1984 South Australia Prospective study of all ED visits, hospital admissions and Length of PTA: none, < 5 min, 5â60 min, 1â24 1988 prehospital deaths hrs, 1â7 days, 1â4 wks, > 4 wks Tiret et al., 1986 Aquitaine, Prehospital deaths and hospital admissions survey by Severity by 3 classes based on PTA of coma > 6 1990 France medical staff using 180 possible head injury codes using hrs = severe, PTA 15 min to 6 hrs = moderate, AIS and ISS PTA, 15 min = mild Levi et al., 1984 to Northern Israel Prospective patient identification from referral to GCS used but not recorded 1990 1988 neurological service records Nell and Brown, 1986 Johannesburg, Inpatient admission with screening ICD-9 codes 800â804, GCS, mild = 13â15, moderate = 7â12 and severe = 1991 South Africa 850â854, 293, 294, 310, 870â873, 950â951, 958, 345, 3â6 347, 348, 253.9 75
76 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Johansson et al., 1984 to Northern Sweden Hospital admissions with ICD 850â854 Severity not evaluated 1991 1985 Annoni et al., 1987 Canton St. Hospitalized patients with intracranial lesions on Severe brain injury only GCS < 7, 7â9, 10â12, > 1992 Gallen, admission CT 12 Switzerland Vazquez- 1988 Cantabria, Spain Hospital admissions with objective neurological findings GCS, minor = 13â15, moderate 9â12, severe 3â8 Barquero et al., such as LOC, skull fracture 1992 Engberg, 1995 1988 Frederiksborg ED and hospital ICUs in 4 hospitals using hospital Severity by PTA: 24 hrs-7 days = severe, very County, Denmark records, Danish Hospital Register and National Register severe 7 days Chiu et al., 1988 to Taiwan Hospital admission with LOC, skull fracture, neurological GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 1994 deficit or CT intracranial hemorrhage severe 8 Hillier et al., 1987 South Australia All public and private hospitals with admission ICD-9 GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 codes of 348, 800, 803, 804, 850-854 severe = 3â 8; PTA < 30 min = mild, 30â60 min = moderate, > 60 min = severe, PTA < 60 min = mild, 60 min = moderate, 24 hrs = severe Ingebrigtsen et 1993 Northern Norway All patient referral medical records includes ED visits GCS: minimal = 15 no LOC, mild = 14 or 15 plus al., excludes scalp, facial injuries PTA or brief LOC or impaired alertness, moderate 1998 = 9â13 or LOC > 5 min or focal neurological deficit, severe = 5â8, critical = 3â4 Tate et al., 1988 New South Admission to region hospital with ICD-9 codes 310, 800, Severe = PTA > 24 hrs, or GCS of < 9, moderate 1998 Wales, Australia 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 905.0, 907 = PTA 1â24 hrs or GCS 9â12, mild = PTA or LOC < 1 hr Alaranta et al., 1991 to Finland Hospital discharge or register using ICD-9 codes: 800, Severity not evaluated 2000 1995 801, 803, 850â854 (first-time patients only) Pickett et al., 1988 Greater Kingston Computerized ED injury records from the CHIRPP system Severity not reported 2001 Area of Canada Engberg and 1979 to Denmark Danish National Hospital Register using 8th ICD codes Severity not evaluated Teasdale, 1996 800, 801, 803, 850â854, mortality data from National 2001 Death Register using ICD 8th and 10th codes
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons hospital admitted through emergency service with AIS score of 4 or 5 or LOC 6â24 hrs GCS < 9 2001 of any one of 19 hospitals, data from treating hospital Firsching and 1996 Germany Head injury hospital admitted patients including Severity scoring not reported Woischneck, concussion; deaths from Federal Bureau of Statistics 2001 Gururaj, 1999 Bangalore, India Case definitions from the Neurotrauma Registry of GCS used by categories of severity not defined 2002 National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bangalore India including LOC or PTA neurological changes, skull fracture, death due to TBI Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna and Hospital admissions with ICD-9 codes 800â800.3, 801â Severity not evaluated 2002b Trentino, Italy 801.3, 803â803.3, 850; 851â851.1, 852â852.1 853â853.1, 854â854.1 Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna, Italy All patients admitted to hospital care with a discharge Mild TBI as defined by Duckin using ICD codes 2002a diagnosis of ICD-9 800â803.0, 801â801.3, 803â804.3, GCS of 14â15 = mild, 9â13 = moderate, < 9 = 850â854. In hospital and prehospital deaths identified severe from hospital records or death certificates Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons admitted to anyone of 19 public hospitals with Severe TBI by GCS of < 9 for at least 24 hrs 2003 prolonged coma determined by LOC > 24 hrs or GCS of < 9 before sedation Kleiven et al., 1987 to Sweden National hospital discharge register using ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 2003 2000 804, 850â854, (ICD-9) and S2.0âS2.9, S6.0âS6.9 (ICD- 10) Andersson et al., 1992 to Western Sweden Persons identified from hospitals ED unit, discharge Mix of symptoms defined by American Congress 2003 1993 register, regional neurological clinic and coronerâs records of Rehabilitation Medicine ICD-9, 850â854, 800â804 Baldo et al., 1966 to Northeast Italy Hospital discharges with ICD-9 codes 800, 801.9, 803, ICDMAP-90 used to convert ICD codes to AIS: 2003 2000 804.9, 850â854.1 located on data base for region 1/2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4/5 = severe Santos et al., 1994, Portugal From National Institute of Statistics using ICD-9 codes Severity not evaluated 2003 1996, 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 907 for hospital discharge 1997 and mortality data 77
78 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Steudel et al., 1972 to Germany Federal Bureau of Statistics using ICD-9 codes 800-804 Focus of study is on fatal head injury 2005 1998 and 850â854 and ICD-10 S02âS02.9 and S06âS06.9 Tennant, 2005 2001 to England Hospital Episodes Statistics using ICD-10 codes S00â Severity not evaluated 2003 S09.9 for hospital inpatient care plus Primary Care Trusts Chiu et al., 2007 1991, Taipei City and Prospective TBI registry data. Excludes prehospital deaths GCS: severe 9, moderate = 9â15 plus hospital 2001 Hualien County, in 2001 stay at least 48 hrs and had brain surgery or Taiwan abnormal CT scan, mild = all others Yates et al., 1997 to Royal Devon and ED database from one hospital. |
1993 | IMP EAR RICHARDS 0.6X3.5MM | CDM | Used ICD-9- Mild = AIS 1â2, Moderate = AIS 3, 2001 CM codes as in Langlois et al., 2003 Severe = AIS 4â5 73
74 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Texas Department 1998 Texas Texas Trauma Registry and Bureau of Vital Statistics ICD-9 codes GCS used but not reported of Health, 2004 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Rutland-Brown et 1995 to US Update from Langlois et al., 2003, see this for case ID See Langlois et al., 2003 al., 2006 2001 NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CA = California, CNS = central nervous system, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDA-8 = International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision, ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, ICDMAP = computer algorithm; ID = identification, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, MN = Minnesota, PAS = Professional Activities Study, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, US = United States. TABLE 3.3 Non-US Incidence Studies: Case Identification, Data Source, and TBI Severity Score Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Jennett and 1974 England, Wales Death records, hospital admission records with ICD 800, Not reported MacMillan, and Scotland 801, 803, 804, 850â854 1981 Selecki et al., 1977 New South Wales Hospital inpatient statistics of Health Commission ICD-8 Not reported 1981 and South for principal diagnosis Australia Servadei et al., 1981 to San Marino Medical record review with those with skull fracture or Evaluated by GCS but not reported 1985 1982 Republic LOC hospital admitted Wang et al., 1983 Urban areas of Survey of 6 cities with door-to-door interviews and Survey included only a survival population. 1986 China medical record followup Severity not evaluated Nestvold et al., 1974 Central Norway, Prospective identification by surgeons on duty case Survey ranked by length of PTA: None = 1, < 0.5 1988 Akershus County inclusion with neurological symptoms hr = 2, 0.5â6 hr = 3, 6â24 hr = 4, 1â2 days = 5, 3â7 (Oslo) days = 6, > 7 days = 7 Servadei et al., 1981 to Ravenna, Italy ED identification plus hospital admission and record GCS; 3â5, 6â8, 9-12, 13â15 1988 1982 review Badcock, 1984 South Australia Prospective study of all ED visits, hospital admissions and Length of PTA: none, < 5 min, 5â60 min, 1â24 1988 prehospital deaths hrs, 1â7 days, 1â4 wks, > 4 wks Tiret et al., 1986 Aquitaine, Prehospital deaths and hospital admissions survey by Severity by 3 classes based on PTA of coma > 6 1990 France medical staff using 180 possible head injury codes using hrs = severe, PTA 15 min to 6 hrs = moderate, AIS and ISS PTA, 15 min = mild Levi et al., 1984 to Northern Israel Prospective patient identification from referral to GCS used but not recorded 1990 1988 neurological service records Nell and Brown, 1986 Johannesburg, Inpatient admission with screening ICD-9 codes 800â804, GCS, mild = 13â15, moderate = 7â12 and severe = 1991 South Africa 850â854, 293, 294, 310, 870â873, 950â951, 958, 345, 3â6 347, 348, 253.9 75
76 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Johansson et al., 1984 to Northern Sweden Hospital admissions with ICD 850â854 Severity not evaluated 1991 1985 Annoni et al., 1987 Canton St. Hospitalized patients with intracranial lesions on Severe brain injury only GCS < 7, 7â9, 10â12, > 1992 Gallen, admission CT 12 Switzerland Vazquez- 1988 Cantabria, Spain Hospital admissions with objective neurological findings GCS, minor = 13â15, moderate 9â12, severe 3â8 Barquero et al., such as LOC, skull fracture 1992 Engberg, 1995 1988 Frederiksborg ED and hospital ICUs in 4 hospitals using hospital Severity by PTA: 24 hrs-7 days = severe, very County, Denmark records, Danish Hospital Register and National Register severe 7 days Chiu et al., 1988 to Taiwan Hospital admission with LOC, skull fracture, neurological GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 1994 deficit or CT intracranial hemorrhage severe 8 Hillier et al., 1987 South Australia All public and private hospitals with admission ICD-9 GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 codes of 348, 800, 803, 804, 850-854 severe = 3â 8; PTA < 30 min = mild, 30â60 min = moderate, > 60 min = severe, PTA < 60 min = mild, 60 min = moderate, 24 hrs = severe Ingebrigtsen et 1993 Northern Norway All patient referral medical records includes ED visits GCS: minimal = 15 no LOC, mild = 14 or 15 plus al., excludes scalp, facial injuries PTA or brief LOC or impaired alertness, moderate 1998 = 9â13 or LOC > 5 min or focal neurological deficit, severe = 5â8, critical = 3â4 Tate et al., 1988 New South Admission to region hospital with ICD-9 codes 310, 800, Severe = PTA > 24 hrs, or GCS of < 9, moderate 1998 Wales, Australia 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 905.0, 907 = PTA 1â24 hrs or GCS 9â12, mild = PTA or LOC < 1 hr Alaranta et al., 1991 to Finland Hospital discharge or register using ICD-9 codes: 800, Severity not evaluated 2000 1995 801, 803, 850â854 (first-time patients only) Pickett et al., 1988 Greater Kingston Computerized ED injury records from the CHIRPP system Severity not reported 2001 Area of Canada Engberg and 1979 to Denmark Danish National Hospital Register using 8th ICD codes Severity not evaluated Teasdale, 1996 800, 801, 803, 850â854, mortality data from National 2001 Death Register using ICD 8th and 10th codes
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons hospital admitted through emergency service with AIS score of 4 or 5 or LOC 6â24 hrs GCS < 9 2001 of any one of 19 hospitals, data from treating hospital Firsching and 1996 Germany Head injury hospital admitted patients including Severity scoring not reported Woischneck, concussion; deaths from Federal Bureau of Statistics 2001 Gururaj, 1999 Bangalore, India Case definitions from the Neurotrauma Registry of GCS used by categories of severity not defined 2002 National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bangalore India including LOC or PTA neurological changes, skull fracture, death due to TBI Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna and Hospital admissions with ICD-9 codes 800â800.3, 801â Severity not evaluated 2002b Trentino, Italy 801.3, 803â803.3, 850; 851â851.1, 852â852.1 853â853.1, 854â854.1 Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna, Italy All patients admitted to hospital care with a discharge Mild TBI as defined by Duckin using ICD codes 2002a diagnosis of ICD-9 800â803.0, 801â801.3, 803â804.3, GCS of 14â15 = mild, 9â13 = moderate, < 9 = 850â854. In hospital and prehospital deaths identified severe from hospital records or death certificates Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons admitted to anyone of 19 public hospitals with Severe TBI by GCS of < 9 for at least 24 hrs 2003 prolonged coma determined by LOC > 24 hrs or GCS of < 9 before sedation Kleiven et al., 1987 to Sweden National hospital discharge register using ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 2003 2000 804, 850â854, (ICD-9) and S2.0âS2.9, S6.0âS6.9 (ICD- 10) Andersson et al., 1992 to Western Sweden Persons identified from hospitals ED unit, discharge Mix of symptoms defined by American Congress 2003 1993 register, regional neurological clinic and coronerâs records of Rehabilitation Medicine ICD-9, 850â854, 800â804 Baldo et al., 1966 to Northeast Italy Hospital discharges with ICD-9 codes 800, 801.9, 803, ICDMAP-90 used to convert ICD codes to AIS: 2003 2000 804.9, 850â854.1 located on data base for region 1/2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4/5 = severe Santos et al., 1994, Portugal From National Institute of Statistics using ICD-9 codes Severity not evaluated 2003 1996, 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 907 for hospital discharge 1997 and mortality data 77
78 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Steudel et al., 1972 to Germany Federal Bureau of Statistics using ICD-9 codes 800-804 Focus of study is on fatal head injury 2005 1998 and 850â854 and ICD-10 S02âS02.9 and S06âS06.9 Tennant, 2005 2001 to England Hospital Episodes Statistics using ICD-10 codes S00â Severity not evaluated 2003 S09.9 for hospital inpatient care plus Primary Care Trusts Chiu et al., 2007 1991, Taipei City and Prospective TBI registry data. Excludes prehospital deaths GCS: severe 9, moderate = 9â15 plus hospital 2001 Hualien County, in 2001 stay at least 48 hrs and had brain surgery or Taiwan abnormal CT scan, mild = all others Yates et al., 1997 to Royal Devon and ED database from one hospital. |
2003 | FILTER VENA CAVA FEM 7X48 SIMON NITINOL | CDM | Used ICD-9- Mild = AIS 1â2, Moderate = AIS 3, 2001 CM codes as in Langlois et al., 2003 Severe = AIS 4â5 73
74 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Texas Department 1998 Texas Texas Trauma Registry and Bureau of Vital Statistics ICD-9 codes GCS used but not reported of Health, 2004 800â801, 803â804, 850â854 Rutland-Brown et 1995 to US Update from Langlois et al., 2003, see this for case ID See Langlois et al., 2003 al., 2006 2001 NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CA = California, CNS = central nervous system, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDA-8 = International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision, ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, ICDMAP = computer algorithm; ID = identification, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, MN = Minnesota, PAS = Professional Activities Study, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, US = United States. TABLE 3.3 Non-US Incidence Studies: Case Identification, Data Source, and TBI Severity Score Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Jennett and 1974 England, Wales Death records, hospital admission records with ICD 800, Not reported MacMillan, and Scotland 801, 803, 804, 850â854 1981 Selecki et al., 1977 New South Wales Hospital inpatient statistics of Health Commission ICD-8 Not reported 1981 and South for principal diagnosis Australia Servadei et al., 1981 to San Marino Medical record review with those with skull fracture or Evaluated by GCS but not reported 1985 1982 Republic LOC hospital admitted Wang et al., 1983 Urban areas of Survey of 6 cities with door-to-door interviews and Survey included only a survival population. 1986 China medical record followup Severity not evaluated Nestvold et al., 1974 Central Norway, Prospective identification by surgeons on duty case Survey ranked by length of PTA: None = 1, < 0.5 1988 Akershus County inclusion with neurological symptoms hr = 2, 0.5â6 hr = 3, 6â24 hr = 4, 1â2 days = 5, 3â7 (Oslo) days = 6, > 7 days = 7 Servadei et al., 1981 to Ravenna, Italy ED identification plus hospital admission and record GCS; 3â5, 6â8, 9-12, 13â15 1988 1982 review Badcock, 1984 South Australia Prospective study of all ED visits, hospital admissions and Length of PTA: none, < 5 min, 5â60 min, 1â24 1988 prehospital deaths hrs, 1â7 days, 1â4 wks, > 4 wks Tiret et al., 1986 Aquitaine, Prehospital deaths and hospital admissions survey by Severity by 3 classes based on PTA of coma > 6 1990 France medical staff using 180 possible head injury codes using hrs = severe, PTA 15 min to 6 hrs = moderate, AIS and ISS PTA, 15 min = mild Levi et al., 1984 to Northern Israel Prospective patient identification from referral to GCS used but not recorded 1990 1988 neurological service records Nell and Brown, 1986 Johannesburg, Inpatient admission with screening ICD-9 codes 800â804, GCS, mild = 13â15, moderate = 7â12 and severe = 1991 South Africa 850â854, 293, 294, 310, 870â873, 950â951, 958, 345, 3â6 347, 348, 253.9 75
76 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Johansson et al., 1984 to Northern Sweden Hospital admissions with ICD 850â854 Severity not evaluated 1991 1985 Annoni et al., 1987 Canton St. Hospitalized patients with intracranial lesions on Severe brain injury only GCS < 7, 7â9, 10â12, > 1992 Gallen, admission CT 12 Switzerland Vazquez- 1988 Cantabria, Spain Hospital admissions with objective neurological findings GCS, minor = 13â15, moderate 9â12, severe 3â8 Barquero et al., such as LOC, skull fracture 1992 Engberg, 1995 1988 Frederiksborg ED and hospital ICUs in 4 hospitals using hospital Severity by PTA: 24 hrs-7 days = severe, very County, Denmark records, Danish Hospital Register and National Register severe 7 days Chiu et al., 1988 to Taiwan Hospital admission with LOC, skull fracture, neurological GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 1994 deficit or CT intracranial hemorrhage severe 8 Hillier et al., 1987 South Australia All public and private hospitals with admission ICD-9 GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 codes of 348, 800, 803, 804, 850-854 severe = 3â 8; PTA < 30 min = mild, 30â60 min = moderate, > 60 min = severe, PTA < 60 min = mild, 60 min = moderate, 24 hrs = severe Ingebrigtsen et 1993 Northern Norway All patient referral medical records includes ED visits GCS: minimal = 15 no LOC, mild = 14 or 15 plus al., excludes scalp, facial injuries PTA or brief LOC or impaired alertness, moderate 1998 = 9â13 or LOC > 5 min or focal neurological deficit, severe = 5â8, critical = 3â4 Tate et al., 1988 New South Admission to region hospital with ICD-9 codes 310, 800, Severe = PTA > 24 hrs, or GCS of < 9, moderate 1998 Wales, Australia 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 905.0, 907 = PTA 1â24 hrs or GCS 9â12, mild = PTA or LOC < 1 hr Alaranta et al., 1991 to Finland Hospital discharge or register using ICD-9 codes: 800, Severity not evaluated 2000 1995 801, 803, 850â854 (first-time patients only) Pickett et al., 1988 Greater Kingston Computerized ED injury records from the CHIRPP system Severity not reported 2001 Area of Canada Engberg and 1979 to Denmark Danish National Hospital Register using 8th ICD codes Severity not evaluated Teasdale, 1996 800, 801, 803, 850â854, mortality data from National 2001 Death Register using ICD 8th and 10th codes
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons hospital admitted through emergency service with AIS score of 4 or 5 or LOC 6â24 hrs GCS < 9 2001 of any one of 19 hospitals, data from treating hospital Firsching and 1996 Germany Head injury hospital admitted patients including Severity scoring not reported Woischneck, concussion; deaths from Federal Bureau of Statistics 2001 Gururaj, 1999 Bangalore, India Case definitions from the Neurotrauma Registry of GCS used by categories of severity not defined 2002 National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bangalore India including LOC or PTA neurological changes, skull fracture, death due to TBI Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna and Hospital admissions with ICD-9 codes 800â800.3, 801â Severity not evaluated 2002b Trentino, Italy 801.3, 803â803.3, 850; 851â851.1, 852â852.1 853â853.1, 854â854.1 Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna, Italy All patients admitted to hospital care with a discharge Mild TBI as defined by Duckin using ICD codes 2002a diagnosis of ICD-9 800â803.0, 801â801.3, 803â804.3, GCS of 14â15 = mild, 9â13 = moderate, < 9 = 850â854. In hospital and prehospital deaths identified severe from hospital records or death certificates Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons admitted to anyone of 19 public hospitals with Severe TBI by GCS of < 9 for at least 24 hrs 2003 prolonged coma determined by LOC > 24 hrs or GCS of < 9 before sedation Kleiven et al., 1987 to Sweden National hospital discharge register using ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 2003 2000 804, 850â854, (ICD-9) and S2.0âS2.9, S6.0âS6.9 (ICD- 10) Andersson et al., 1992 to Western Sweden Persons identified from hospitals ED unit, discharge Mix of symptoms defined by American Congress 2003 1993 register, regional neurological clinic and coronerâs records of Rehabilitation Medicine ICD-9, 850â854, 800â804 Baldo et al., 1966 to Northeast Italy Hospital discharges with ICD-9 codes 800, 801.9, 803, ICDMAP-90 used to convert ICD codes to AIS: 2003 2000 804.9, 850â854.1 located on data base for region 1/2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4/5 = severe Santos et al., 1994, Portugal From National Institute of Statistics using ICD-9 codes Severity not evaluated 2003 1996, 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 907 for hospital discharge 1997 and mortality data 77
78 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Steudel et al., 1972 to Germany Federal Bureau of Statistics using ICD-9 codes 800-804 Focus of study is on fatal head injury 2005 1998 and 850â854 and ICD-10 S02âS02.9 and S06âS06.9 Tennant, 2005 2001 to England Hospital Episodes Statistics using ICD-10 codes S00â Severity not evaluated 2003 S09.9 for hospital inpatient care plus Primary Care Trusts Chiu et al., 2007 1991, Taipei City and Prospective TBI registry data. Excludes prehospital deaths GCS: severe 9, moderate = 9â15 plus hospital 2001 Hualien County, in 2001 stay at least 48 hrs and had brain surgery or Taiwan abnormal CT scan, mild = all others Yates et al., 1997 to Royal Devon and ED database from one hospital. |
1994 | IMP PIST RICHARDS 0.6X4MM | CDM | TABLE 3.3 Non-US Incidence Studies: Case Identification, Data Source, and TBI Severity Score Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Jennett and 1974 England, Wales Death records, hospital admission records with ICD 800, Not reported MacMillan, and Scotland 801, 803, 804, 850â854 1981 Selecki et al., 1977 New South Wales Hospital inpatient statistics of Health Commission ICD-8 Not reported 1981 and South for principal diagnosis Australia Servadei et al., 1981 to San Marino Medical record review with those with skull fracture or Evaluated by GCS but not reported 1985 1982 Republic LOC hospital admitted Wang et al., 1983 Urban areas of Survey of 6 cities with door-to-door interviews and Survey included only a survival population. 1986 China medical record followup Severity not evaluated Nestvold et al., 1974 Central Norway, Prospective identification by surgeons on duty case Survey ranked by length of PTA: None = 1, < 0.5 1988 Akershus County inclusion with neurological symptoms hr = 2, 0.5â6 hr = 3, 6â24 hr = 4, 1â2 days = 5, 3â7 (Oslo) days = 6, > 7 days = 7 Servadei et al., 1981 to Ravenna, Italy ED identification plus hospital admission and record GCS; 3â5, 6â8, 9-12, 13â15 1988 1982 review Badcock, 1984 South Australia Prospective study of all ED visits, hospital admissions and Length of PTA: none, < 5 min, 5â60 min, 1â24 1988 prehospital deaths hrs, 1â7 days, 1â4 wks, > 4 wks Tiret et al., 1986 Aquitaine, Prehospital deaths and hospital admissions survey by Severity by 3 classes based on PTA of coma > 6 1990 France medical staff using 180 possible head injury codes using hrs = severe, PTA 15 min to 6 hrs = moderate, AIS and ISS PTA, 15 min = mild Levi et al., 1984 to Northern Israel Prospective patient identification from referral to GCS used but not recorded 1990 1988 neurological service records Nell and Brown, 1986 Johannesburg, Inpatient admission with screening ICD-9 codes 800â804, GCS, mild = 13â15, moderate = 7â12 and severe = 1991 South Africa 850â854, 293, 294, 310, 870â873, 950â951, 958, 345, 3â6 347, 348, 253.9 75
76 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Johansson et al., 1984 to Northern Sweden Hospital admissions with ICD 850â854 Severity not evaluated 1991 1985 Annoni et al., 1987 Canton St. Hospitalized patients with intracranial lesions on Severe brain injury only GCS < 7, 7â9, 10â12, > 1992 Gallen, admission CT 12 Switzerland Vazquez- 1988 Cantabria, Spain Hospital admissions with objective neurological findings GCS, minor = 13â15, moderate 9â12, severe 3â8 Barquero et al., such as LOC, skull fracture 1992 Engberg, 1995 1988 Frederiksborg ED and hospital ICUs in 4 hospitals using hospital Severity by PTA: 24 hrs-7 days = severe, very County, Denmark records, Danish Hospital Register and National Register severe 7 days Chiu et al., 1988 to Taiwan Hospital admission with LOC, skull fracture, neurological GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 1994 deficit or CT intracranial hemorrhage severe 8 Hillier et al., 1987 South Australia All public and private hospitals with admission ICD-9 GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 codes of 348, 800, 803, 804, 850-854 severe = 3â 8; PTA < 30 min = mild, 30â60 min = moderate, > 60 min = severe, PTA < 60 min = mild, 60 min = moderate, 24 hrs = severe Ingebrigtsen et 1993 Northern Norway All patient referral medical records includes ED visits GCS: minimal = 15 no LOC, mild = 14 or 15 plus al., excludes scalp, facial injuries PTA or brief LOC or impaired alertness, moderate 1998 = 9â13 or LOC > 5 min or focal neurological deficit, severe = 5â8, critical = 3â4 Tate et al., 1988 New South Admission to region hospital with ICD-9 codes 310, 800, Severe = PTA > 24 hrs, or GCS of < 9, moderate 1998 Wales, Australia 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 905.0, 907 = PTA 1â24 hrs or GCS 9â12, mild = PTA or LOC < 1 hr Alaranta et al., 1991 to Finland Hospital discharge or register using ICD-9 codes: 800, Severity not evaluated 2000 1995 801, 803, 850â854 (first-time patients only) Pickett et al., 1988 Greater Kingston Computerized ED injury records from the CHIRPP system Severity not reported 2001 Area of Canada Engberg and 1979 to Denmark Danish National Hospital Register using 8th ICD codes Severity not evaluated Teasdale, 1996 800, 801, 803, 850â854, mortality data from National 2001 Death Register using ICD 8th and 10th codes
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons hospital admitted through emergency service with AIS score of 4 or 5 or LOC 6â24 hrs GCS < 9 2001 of any one of 19 hospitals, data from treating hospital Firsching and 1996 Germany Head injury hospital admitted patients including Severity scoring not reported Woischneck, concussion; deaths from Federal Bureau of Statistics 2001 Gururaj, 1999 Bangalore, India Case definitions from the Neurotrauma Registry of GCS used by categories of severity not defined 2002 National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bangalore India including LOC or PTA neurological changes, skull fracture, death due to TBI Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna and Hospital admissions with ICD-9 codes 800â800.3, 801â Severity not evaluated 2002b Trentino, Italy 801.3, 803â803.3, 850; 851â851.1, 852â852.1 853â853.1, 854â854.1 Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna, Italy All patients admitted to hospital care with a discharge Mild TBI as defined by Duckin using ICD codes 2002a diagnosis of ICD-9 800â803.0, 801â801.3, 803â804.3, GCS of 14â15 = mild, 9â13 = moderate, < 9 = 850â854. In hospital and prehospital deaths identified severe from hospital records or death certificates Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons admitted to anyone of 19 public hospitals with Severe TBI by GCS of < 9 for at least 24 hrs 2003 prolonged coma determined by LOC > 24 hrs or GCS of < 9 before sedation Kleiven et al., 1987 to Sweden National hospital discharge register using ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 2003 2000 804, 850â854, (ICD-9) and S2.0âS2.9, S6.0âS6.9 (ICD- 10) Andersson et al., 1992 to Western Sweden Persons identified from hospitals ED unit, discharge Mix of symptoms defined by American Congress 2003 1993 register, regional neurological clinic and coronerâs records of Rehabilitation Medicine ICD-9, 850â854, 800â804 Baldo et al., 1966 to Northeast Italy Hospital discharges with ICD-9 codes 800, 801.9, 803, ICDMAP-90 used to convert ICD codes to AIS: 2003 2000 804.9, 850â854.1 located on data base for region 1/2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4/5 = severe Santos et al., 1994, Portugal From National Institute of Statistics using ICD-9 codes Severity not evaluated 2003 1996, 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 907 for hospital discharge 1997 and mortality data 77
78 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Steudel et al., 1972 to Germany Federal Bureau of Statistics using ICD-9 codes 800-804 Focus of study is on fatal head injury 2005 1998 and 850â854 and ICD-10 S02âS02.9 and S06âS06.9 Tennant, 2005 2001 to England Hospital Episodes Statistics using ICD-10 codes S00â Severity not evaluated 2003 S09.9 for hospital inpatient care plus Primary Care Trusts Chiu et al., 2007 1991, Taipei City and Prospective TBI registry data. Excludes prehospital deaths GCS: severe 9, moderate = 9â15 plus hospital 2001 Hualien County, in 2001 stay at least 48 hrs and had brain surgery or Taiwan abnormal CT scan, mild = all others Yates et al., 1997 to Royal Devon and ED database from one hospital. ICD codes used but not Based on ICD-10 but not defined 2008 2003 Exeter Hospital, stated UK Wu et al., 2008 2004 6 Providences of Hospital admitted patients with data from attending GCS: severe 9, moderate = 9â13, mild = 14, 15 Eastern China physician NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CHIRPP = Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDMAP = computer algorithm, ICU = intensive care unit, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, UK = United Kingdom. |
2007 | EPINEPHRINE .1MG/ML | CDM | TABLE 3.3 Non-US Incidence Studies: Case Identification, Data Source, and TBI Severity Score Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Jennett and 1974 England, Wales Death records, hospital admission records with ICD 800, Not reported MacMillan, and Scotland 801, 803, 804, 850â854 1981 Selecki et al., 1977 New South Wales Hospital inpatient statistics of Health Commission ICD-8 Not reported 1981 and South for principal diagnosis Australia Servadei et al., 1981 to San Marino Medical record review with those with skull fracture or Evaluated by GCS but not reported 1985 1982 Republic LOC hospital admitted Wang et al., 1983 Urban areas of Survey of 6 cities with door-to-door interviews and Survey included only a survival population. 1986 China medical record followup Severity not evaluated Nestvold et al., 1974 Central Norway, Prospective identification by surgeons on duty case Survey ranked by length of PTA: None = 1, < 0.5 1988 Akershus County inclusion with neurological symptoms hr = 2, 0.5â6 hr = 3, 6â24 hr = 4, 1â2 days = 5, 3â7 (Oslo) days = 6, > 7 days = 7 Servadei et al., 1981 to Ravenna, Italy ED identification plus hospital admission and record GCS; 3â5, 6â8, 9-12, 13â15 1988 1982 review Badcock, 1984 South Australia Prospective study of all ED visits, hospital admissions and Length of PTA: none, < 5 min, 5â60 min, 1â24 1988 prehospital deaths hrs, 1â7 days, 1â4 wks, > 4 wks Tiret et al., 1986 Aquitaine, Prehospital deaths and hospital admissions survey by Severity by 3 classes based on PTA of coma > 6 1990 France medical staff using 180 possible head injury codes using hrs = severe, PTA 15 min to 6 hrs = moderate, AIS and ISS PTA, 15 min = mild Levi et al., 1984 to Northern Israel Prospective patient identification from referral to GCS used but not recorded 1990 1988 neurological service records Nell and Brown, 1986 Johannesburg, Inpatient admission with screening ICD-9 codes 800â804, GCS, mild = 13â15, moderate = 7â12 and severe = 1991 South Africa 850â854, 293, 294, 310, 870â873, 950â951, 958, 345, 3â6 347, 348, 253.9 75
76 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Johansson et al., 1984 to Northern Sweden Hospital admissions with ICD 850â854 Severity not evaluated 1991 1985 Annoni et al., 1987 Canton St. Hospitalized patients with intracranial lesions on Severe brain injury only GCS < 7, 7â9, 10â12, > 1992 Gallen, admission CT 12 Switzerland Vazquez- 1988 Cantabria, Spain Hospital admissions with objective neurological findings GCS, minor = 13â15, moderate 9â12, severe 3â8 Barquero et al., such as LOC, skull fracture 1992 Engberg, 1995 1988 Frederiksborg ED and hospital ICUs in 4 hospitals using hospital Severity by PTA: 24 hrs-7 days = severe, very County, Denmark records, Danish Hospital Register and National Register severe 7 days Chiu et al., 1988 to Taiwan Hospital admission with LOC, skull fracture, neurological GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 1994 deficit or CT intracranial hemorrhage severe 8 Hillier et al., 1987 South Australia All public and private hospitals with admission ICD-9 GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 codes of 348, 800, 803, 804, 850-854 severe = 3â 8; PTA < 30 min = mild, 30â60 min = moderate, > 60 min = severe, PTA < 60 min = mild, 60 min = moderate, 24 hrs = severe Ingebrigtsen et 1993 Northern Norway All patient referral medical records includes ED visits GCS: minimal = 15 no LOC, mild = 14 or 15 plus al., excludes scalp, facial injuries PTA or brief LOC or impaired alertness, moderate 1998 = 9â13 or LOC > 5 min or focal neurological deficit, severe = 5â8, critical = 3â4 Tate et al., 1988 New South Admission to region hospital with ICD-9 codes 310, 800, Severe = PTA > 24 hrs, or GCS of < 9, moderate 1998 Wales, Australia 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 905.0, 907 = PTA 1â24 hrs or GCS 9â12, mild = PTA or LOC < 1 hr Alaranta et al., 1991 to Finland Hospital discharge or register using ICD-9 codes: 800, Severity not evaluated 2000 1995 801, 803, 850â854 (first-time patients only) Pickett et al., 1988 Greater Kingston Computerized ED injury records from the CHIRPP system Severity not reported 2001 Area of Canada Engberg and 1979 to Denmark Danish National Hospital Register using 8th ICD codes Severity not evaluated Teasdale, 1996 800, 801, 803, 850â854, mortality data from National 2001 Death Register using ICD 8th and 10th codes
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons hospital admitted through emergency service with AIS score of 4 or 5 or LOC 6â24 hrs GCS < 9 2001 of any one of 19 hospitals, data from treating hospital Firsching and 1996 Germany Head injury hospital admitted patients including Severity scoring not reported Woischneck, concussion; deaths from Federal Bureau of Statistics 2001 Gururaj, 1999 Bangalore, India Case definitions from the Neurotrauma Registry of GCS used by categories of severity not defined 2002 National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bangalore India including LOC or PTA neurological changes, skull fracture, death due to TBI Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna and Hospital admissions with ICD-9 codes 800â800.3, 801â Severity not evaluated 2002b Trentino, Italy 801.3, 803â803.3, 850; 851â851.1, 852â852.1 853â853.1, 854â854.1 Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna, Italy All patients admitted to hospital care with a discharge Mild TBI as defined by Duckin using ICD codes 2002a diagnosis of ICD-9 800â803.0, 801â801.3, 803â804.3, GCS of 14â15 = mild, 9â13 = moderate, < 9 = 850â854. In hospital and prehospital deaths identified severe from hospital records or death certificates Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons admitted to anyone of 19 public hospitals with Severe TBI by GCS of < 9 for at least 24 hrs 2003 prolonged coma determined by LOC > 24 hrs or GCS of < 9 before sedation Kleiven et al., 1987 to Sweden National hospital discharge register using ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 2003 2000 804, 850â854, (ICD-9) and S2.0âS2.9, S6.0âS6.9 (ICD- 10) Andersson et al., 1992 to Western Sweden Persons identified from hospitals ED unit, discharge Mix of symptoms defined by American Congress 2003 1993 register, regional neurological clinic and coronerâs records of Rehabilitation Medicine ICD-9, 850â854, 800â804 Baldo et al., 1966 to Northeast Italy Hospital discharges with ICD-9 codes 800, 801.9, 803, ICDMAP-90 used to convert ICD codes to AIS: 2003 2000 804.9, 850â854.1 located on data base for region 1/2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4/5 = severe Santos et al., 1994, Portugal From National Institute of Statistics using ICD-9 codes Severity not evaluated 2003 1996, 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 907 for hospital discharge 1997 and mortality data 77
78 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Steudel et al., 1972 to Germany Federal Bureau of Statistics using ICD-9 codes 800-804 Focus of study is on fatal head injury 2005 1998 and 850â854 and ICD-10 S02âS02.9 and S06âS06.9 Tennant, 2005 2001 to England Hospital Episodes Statistics using ICD-10 codes S00â Severity not evaluated 2003 S09.9 for hospital inpatient care plus Primary Care Trusts Chiu et al., 2007 1991, Taipei City and Prospective TBI registry data. Excludes prehospital deaths GCS: severe 9, moderate = 9â15 plus hospital 2001 Hualien County, in 2001 stay at least 48 hrs and had brain surgery or Taiwan abnormal CT scan, mild = all others Yates et al., 1997 to Royal Devon and ED database from one hospital. ICD codes used but not Based on ICD-10 but not defined 2008 2003 Exeter Hospital, stated UK Wu et al., 2008 2004 6 Providences of Hospital admitted patients with data from attending GCS: severe 9, moderate = 9â13, mild = 14, 15 Eastern China physician NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CHIRPP = Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDMAP = computer algorithm, ICU = intensive care unit, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, UK = United Kingdom. |
1995 | IMP PIST 0.6X4.5MM | CDM | TABLE 3.3 Non-US Incidence Studies: Case Identification, Data Source, and TBI Severity Score Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Jennett and 1974 England, Wales Death records, hospital admission records with ICD 800, Not reported MacMillan, and Scotland 801, 803, 804, 850â854 1981 Selecki et al., 1977 New South Wales Hospital inpatient statistics of Health Commission ICD-8 Not reported 1981 and South for principal diagnosis Australia Servadei et al., 1981 to San Marino Medical record review with those with skull fracture or Evaluated by GCS but not reported 1985 1982 Republic LOC hospital admitted Wang et al., 1983 Urban areas of Survey of 6 cities with door-to-door interviews and Survey included only a survival population. 1986 China medical record followup Severity not evaluated Nestvold et al., 1974 Central Norway, Prospective identification by surgeons on duty case Survey ranked by length of PTA: None = 1, < 0.5 1988 Akershus County inclusion with neurological symptoms hr = 2, 0.5â6 hr = 3, 6â24 hr = 4, 1â2 days = 5, 3â7 (Oslo) days = 6, > 7 days = 7 Servadei et al., 1981 to Ravenna, Italy ED identification plus hospital admission and record GCS; 3â5, 6â8, 9-12, 13â15 1988 1982 review Badcock, 1984 South Australia Prospective study of all ED visits, hospital admissions and Length of PTA: none, < 5 min, 5â60 min, 1â24 1988 prehospital deaths hrs, 1â7 days, 1â4 wks, > 4 wks Tiret et al., 1986 Aquitaine, Prehospital deaths and hospital admissions survey by Severity by 3 classes based on PTA of coma > 6 1990 France medical staff using 180 possible head injury codes using hrs = severe, PTA 15 min to 6 hrs = moderate, AIS and ISS PTA, 15 min = mild Levi et al., 1984 to Northern Israel Prospective patient identification from referral to GCS used but not recorded 1990 1988 neurological service records Nell and Brown, 1986 Johannesburg, Inpatient admission with screening ICD-9 codes 800â804, GCS, mild = 13â15, moderate = 7â12 and severe = 1991 South Africa 850â854, 293, 294, 310, 870â873, 950â951, 958, 345, 3â6 347, 348, 253.9 75
76 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Johansson et al., 1984 to Northern Sweden Hospital admissions with ICD 850â854 Severity not evaluated 1991 1985 Annoni et al., 1987 Canton St. Hospitalized patients with intracranial lesions on Severe brain injury only GCS < 7, 7â9, 10â12, > 1992 Gallen, admission CT 12 Switzerland Vazquez- 1988 Cantabria, Spain Hospital admissions with objective neurological findings GCS, minor = 13â15, moderate 9â12, severe 3â8 Barquero et al., such as LOC, skull fracture 1992 Engberg, 1995 1988 Frederiksborg ED and hospital ICUs in 4 hospitals using hospital Severity by PTA: 24 hrs-7 days = severe, very County, Denmark records, Danish Hospital Register and National Register severe 7 days Chiu et al., 1988 to Taiwan Hospital admission with LOC, skull fracture, neurological GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 1994 deficit or CT intracranial hemorrhage severe 8 Hillier et al., 1987 South Australia All public and private hospitals with admission ICD-9 GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 codes of 348, 800, 803, 804, 850-854 severe = 3â 8; PTA < 30 min = mild, 30â60 min = moderate, > 60 min = severe, PTA < 60 min = mild, 60 min = moderate, 24 hrs = severe Ingebrigtsen et 1993 Northern Norway All patient referral medical records includes ED visits GCS: minimal = 15 no LOC, mild = 14 or 15 plus al., excludes scalp, facial injuries PTA or brief LOC or impaired alertness, moderate 1998 = 9â13 or LOC > 5 min or focal neurological deficit, severe = 5â8, critical = 3â4 Tate et al., 1988 New South Admission to region hospital with ICD-9 codes 310, 800, Severe = PTA > 24 hrs, or GCS of < 9, moderate 1998 Wales, Australia 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 905.0, 907 = PTA 1â24 hrs or GCS 9â12, mild = PTA or LOC < 1 hr Alaranta et al., 1991 to Finland Hospital discharge or register using ICD-9 codes: 800, Severity not evaluated 2000 1995 801, 803, 850â854 (first-time patients only) Pickett et al., 1988 Greater Kingston Computerized ED injury records from the CHIRPP system Severity not reported 2001 Area of Canada Engberg and 1979 to Denmark Danish National Hospital Register using 8th ICD codes Severity not evaluated Teasdale, 1996 800, 801, 803, 850â854, mortality data from National 2001 Death Register using ICD 8th and 10th codes
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons hospital admitted through emergency service with AIS score of 4 or 5 or LOC 6â24 hrs GCS < 9 2001 of any one of 19 hospitals, data from treating hospital Firsching and 1996 Germany Head injury hospital admitted patients including Severity scoring not reported Woischneck, concussion; deaths from Federal Bureau of Statistics 2001 Gururaj, 1999 Bangalore, India Case definitions from the Neurotrauma Registry of GCS used by categories of severity not defined 2002 National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bangalore India including LOC or PTA neurological changes, skull fracture, death due to TBI Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna and Hospital admissions with ICD-9 codes 800â800.3, 801â Severity not evaluated 2002b Trentino, Italy 801.3, 803â803.3, 850; 851â851.1, 852â852.1 853â853.1, 854â854.1 Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna, Italy All patients admitted to hospital care with a discharge Mild TBI as defined by Duckin using ICD codes 2002a diagnosis of ICD-9 800â803.0, 801â801.3, 803â804.3, GCS of 14â15 = mild, 9â13 = moderate, < 9 = 850â854. In hospital and prehospital deaths identified severe from hospital records or death certificates Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons admitted to anyone of 19 public hospitals with Severe TBI by GCS of < 9 for at least 24 hrs 2003 prolonged coma determined by LOC > 24 hrs or GCS of < 9 before sedation Kleiven et al., 1987 to Sweden National hospital discharge register using ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 2003 2000 804, 850â854, (ICD-9) and S2.0âS2.9, S6.0âS6.9 (ICD- 10) Andersson et al., 1992 to Western Sweden Persons identified from hospitals ED unit, discharge Mix of symptoms defined by American Congress 2003 1993 register, regional neurological clinic and coronerâs records of Rehabilitation Medicine ICD-9, 850â854, 800â804 Baldo et al., 1966 to Northeast Italy Hospital discharges with ICD-9 codes 800, 801.9, 803, ICDMAP-90 used to convert ICD codes to AIS: 2003 2000 804.9, 850â854.1 located on data base for region 1/2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4/5 = severe Santos et al., 1994, Portugal From National Institute of Statistics using ICD-9 codes Severity not evaluated 2003 1996, 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 907 for hospital discharge 1997 and mortality data 77
78 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Steudel et al., 1972 to Germany Federal Bureau of Statistics using ICD-9 codes 800-804 Focus of study is on fatal head injury 2005 1998 and 850â854 and ICD-10 S02âS02.9 and S06âS06.9 Tennant, 2005 2001 to England Hospital Episodes Statistics using ICD-10 codes S00â Severity not evaluated 2003 S09.9 for hospital inpatient care plus Primary Care Trusts Chiu et al., 2007 1991, Taipei City and Prospective TBI registry data. Excludes prehospital deaths GCS: severe 9, moderate = 9â15 plus hospital 2001 Hualien County, in 2001 stay at least 48 hrs and had brain surgery or Taiwan abnormal CT scan, mild = all others Yates et al., 1997 to Royal Devon and ED database from one hospital. ICD codes used but not Based on ICD-10 but not defined 2008 2003 Exeter Hospital, stated UK Wu et al., 2008 2004 6 Providences of Hospital admitted patients with data from attending GCS: severe 9, moderate = 9â13, mild = 14, 15 Eastern China physician NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CHIRPP = Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDMAP = computer algorithm, ICU = intensive care unit, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, UK = United Kingdom. |
1993 | IMP EAR RICHARDS 0.6X3.5MM | CDM | TABLE 3.3 Non-US Incidence Studies: Case Identification, Data Source, and TBI Severity Score Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Jennett and 1974 England, Wales Death records, hospital admission records with ICD 800, Not reported MacMillan, and Scotland 801, 803, 804, 850â854 1981 Selecki et al., 1977 New South Wales Hospital inpatient statistics of Health Commission ICD-8 Not reported 1981 and South for principal diagnosis Australia Servadei et al., 1981 to San Marino Medical record review with those with skull fracture or Evaluated by GCS but not reported 1985 1982 Republic LOC hospital admitted Wang et al., 1983 Urban areas of Survey of 6 cities with door-to-door interviews and Survey included only a survival population. 1986 China medical record followup Severity not evaluated Nestvold et al., 1974 Central Norway, Prospective identification by surgeons on duty case Survey ranked by length of PTA: None = 1, < 0.5 1988 Akershus County inclusion with neurological symptoms hr = 2, 0.5â6 hr = 3, 6â24 hr = 4, 1â2 days = 5, 3â7 (Oslo) days = 6, > 7 days = 7 Servadei et al., 1981 to Ravenna, Italy ED identification plus hospital admission and record GCS; 3â5, 6â8, 9-12, 13â15 1988 1982 review Badcock, 1984 South Australia Prospective study of all ED visits, hospital admissions and Length of PTA: none, < 5 min, 5â60 min, 1â24 1988 prehospital deaths hrs, 1â7 days, 1â4 wks, > 4 wks Tiret et al., 1986 Aquitaine, Prehospital deaths and hospital admissions survey by Severity by 3 classes based on PTA of coma > 6 1990 France medical staff using 180 possible head injury codes using hrs = severe, PTA 15 min to 6 hrs = moderate, AIS and ISS PTA, 15 min = mild Levi et al., 1984 to Northern Israel Prospective patient identification from referral to GCS used but not recorded 1990 1988 neurological service records Nell and Brown, 1986 Johannesburg, Inpatient admission with screening ICD-9 codes 800â804, GCS, mild = 13â15, moderate = 7â12 and severe = 1991 South Africa 850â854, 293, 294, 310, 870â873, 950â951, 958, 345, 3â6 347, 348, 253.9 75
76 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Johansson et al., 1984 to Northern Sweden Hospital admissions with ICD 850â854 Severity not evaluated 1991 1985 Annoni et al., 1987 Canton St. Hospitalized patients with intracranial lesions on Severe brain injury only GCS < 7, 7â9, 10â12, > 1992 Gallen, admission CT 12 Switzerland Vazquez- 1988 Cantabria, Spain Hospital admissions with objective neurological findings GCS, minor = 13â15, moderate 9â12, severe 3â8 Barquero et al., such as LOC, skull fracture 1992 Engberg, 1995 1988 Frederiksborg ED and hospital ICUs in 4 hospitals using hospital Severity by PTA: 24 hrs-7 days = severe, very County, Denmark records, Danish Hospital Register and National Register severe 7 days Chiu et al., 1988 to Taiwan Hospital admission with LOC, skull fracture, neurological GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 1994 deficit or CT intracranial hemorrhage severe 8 Hillier et al., 1987 South Australia All public and private hospitals with admission ICD-9 GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 codes of 348, 800, 803, 804, 850-854 severe = 3â 8; PTA < 30 min = mild, 30â60 min = moderate, > 60 min = severe, PTA < 60 min = mild, 60 min = moderate, 24 hrs = severe Ingebrigtsen et 1993 Northern Norway All patient referral medical records includes ED visits GCS: minimal = 15 no LOC, mild = 14 or 15 plus al., excludes scalp, facial injuries PTA or brief LOC or impaired alertness, moderate 1998 = 9â13 or LOC > 5 min or focal neurological deficit, severe = 5â8, critical = 3â4 Tate et al., 1988 New South Admission to region hospital with ICD-9 codes 310, 800, Severe = PTA > 24 hrs, or GCS of < 9, moderate 1998 Wales, Australia 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 905.0, 907 = PTA 1â24 hrs or GCS 9â12, mild = PTA or LOC < 1 hr Alaranta et al., 1991 to Finland Hospital discharge or register using ICD-9 codes: 800, Severity not evaluated 2000 1995 801, 803, 850â854 (first-time patients only) Pickett et al., 1988 Greater Kingston Computerized ED injury records from the CHIRPP system Severity not reported 2001 Area of Canada Engberg and 1979 to Denmark Danish National Hospital Register using 8th ICD codes Severity not evaluated Teasdale, 1996 800, 801, 803, 850â854, mortality data from National 2001 Death Register using ICD 8th and 10th codes
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons hospital admitted through emergency service with AIS score of 4 or 5 or LOC 6â24 hrs GCS < 9 2001 of any one of 19 hospitals, data from treating hospital Firsching and 1996 Germany Head injury hospital admitted patients including Severity scoring not reported Woischneck, concussion; deaths from Federal Bureau of Statistics 2001 Gururaj, 1999 Bangalore, India Case definitions from the Neurotrauma Registry of GCS used by categories of severity not defined 2002 National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bangalore India including LOC or PTA neurological changes, skull fracture, death due to TBI Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna and Hospital admissions with ICD-9 codes 800â800.3, 801â Severity not evaluated 2002b Trentino, Italy 801.3, 803â803.3, 850; 851â851.1, 852â852.1 853â853.1, 854â854.1 Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna, Italy All patients admitted to hospital care with a discharge Mild TBI as defined by Duckin using ICD codes 2002a diagnosis of ICD-9 800â803.0, 801â801.3, 803â804.3, GCS of 14â15 = mild, 9â13 = moderate, < 9 = 850â854. In hospital and prehospital deaths identified severe from hospital records or death certificates Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons admitted to anyone of 19 public hospitals with Severe TBI by GCS of < 9 for at least 24 hrs 2003 prolonged coma determined by LOC > 24 hrs or GCS of < 9 before sedation Kleiven et al., 1987 to Sweden National hospital discharge register using ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 2003 2000 804, 850â854, (ICD-9) and S2.0âS2.9, S6.0âS6.9 (ICD- 10) Andersson et al., 1992 to Western Sweden Persons identified from hospitals ED unit, discharge Mix of symptoms defined by American Congress 2003 1993 register, regional neurological clinic and coronerâs records of Rehabilitation Medicine ICD-9, 850â854, 800â804 Baldo et al., 1966 to Northeast Italy Hospital discharges with ICD-9 codes 800, 801.9, 803, ICDMAP-90 used to convert ICD codes to AIS: 2003 2000 804.9, 850â854.1 located on data base for region 1/2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4/5 = severe Santos et al., 1994, Portugal From National Institute of Statistics using ICD-9 codes Severity not evaluated 2003 1996, 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 907 for hospital discharge 1997 and mortality data 77
78 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Steudel et al., 1972 to Germany Federal Bureau of Statistics using ICD-9 codes 800-804 Focus of study is on fatal head injury 2005 1998 and 850â854 and ICD-10 S02âS02.9 and S06âS06.9 Tennant, 2005 2001 to England Hospital Episodes Statistics using ICD-10 codes S00â Severity not evaluated 2003 S09.9 for hospital inpatient care plus Primary Care Trusts Chiu et al., 2007 1991, Taipei City and Prospective TBI registry data. Excludes prehospital deaths GCS: severe 9, moderate = 9â15 plus hospital 2001 Hualien County, in 2001 stay at least 48 hrs and had brain surgery or Taiwan abnormal CT scan, mild = all others Yates et al., 1997 to Royal Devon and ED database from one hospital. ICD codes used but not Based on ICD-10 but not defined 2008 2003 Exeter Hospital, stated UK Wu et al., 2008 2004 6 Providences of Hospital admitted patients with data from attending GCS: severe 9, moderate = 9â13, mild = 14, 15 Eastern China physician NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CHIRPP = Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDMAP = computer algorithm, ICU = intensive care unit, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, UK = United Kingdom. |
2003 | FILTER VENA CAVA FEM 7X48 SIMON NITINOL | CDM | TABLE 3.3 Non-US Incidence Studies: Case Identification, Data Source, and TBI Severity Score Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Jennett and 1974 England, Wales Death records, hospital admission records with ICD 800, Not reported MacMillan, and Scotland 801, 803, 804, 850â854 1981 Selecki et al., 1977 New South Wales Hospital inpatient statistics of Health Commission ICD-8 Not reported 1981 and South for principal diagnosis Australia Servadei et al., 1981 to San Marino Medical record review with those with skull fracture or Evaluated by GCS but not reported 1985 1982 Republic LOC hospital admitted Wang et al., 1983 Urban areas of Survey of 6 cities with door-to-door interviews and Survey included only a survival population. 1986 China medical record followup Severity not evaluated Nestvold et al., 1974 Central Norway, Prospective identification by surgeons on duty case Survey ranked by length of PTA: None = 1, < 0.5 1988 Akershus County inclusion with neurological symptoms hr = 2, 0.5â6 hr = 3, 6â24 hr = 4, 1â2 days = 5, 3â7 (Oslo) days = 6, > 7 days = 7 Servadei et al., 1981 to Ravenna, Italy ED identification plus hospital admission and record GCS; 3â5, 6â8, 9-12, 13â15 1988 1982 review Badcock, 1984 South Australia Prospective study of all ED visits, hospital admissions and Length of PTA: none, < 5 min, 5â60 min, 1â24 1988 prehospital deaths hrs, 1â7 days, 1â4 wks, > 4 wks Tiret et al., 1986 Aquitaine, Prehospital deaths and hospital admissions survey by Severity by 3 classes based on PTA of coma > 6 1990 France medical staff using 180 possible head injury codes using hrs = severe, PTA 15 min to 6 hrs = moderate, AIS and ISS PTA, 15 min = mild Levi et al., 1984 to Northern Israel Prospective patient identification from referral to GCS used but not recorded 1990 1988 neurological service records Nell and Brown, 1986 Johannesburg, Inpatient admission with screening ICD-9 codes 800â804, GCS, mild = 13â15, moderate = 7â12 and severe = 1991 South Africa 850â854, 293, 294, 310, 870â873, 950â951, 958, 345, 3â6 347, 348, 253.9 75
76 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Johansson et al., 1984 to Northern Sweden Hospital admissions with ICD 850â854 Severity not evaluated 1991 1985 Annoni et al., 1987 Canton St. Hospitalized patients with intracranial lesions on Severe brain injury only GCS < 7, 7â9, 10â12, > 1992 Gallen, admission CT 12 Switzerland Vazquez- 1988 Cantabria, Spain Hospital admissions with objective neurological findings GCS, minor = 13â15, moderate 9â12, severe 3â8 Barquero et al., such as LOC, skull fracture 1992 Engberg, 1995 1988 Frederiksborg ED and hospital ICUs in 4 hospitals using hospital Severity by PTA: 24 hrs-7 days = severe, very County, Denmark records, Danish Hospital Register and National Register severe 7 days Chiu et al., 1988 to Taiwan Hospital admission with LOC, skull fracture, neurological GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 1994 deficit or CT intracranial hemorrhage severe 8 Hillier et al., 1987 South Australia All public and private hospitals with admission ICD-9 GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 codes of 348, 800, 803, 804, 850-854 severe = 3â 8; PTA < 30 min = mild, 30â60 min = moderate, > 60 min = severe, PTA < 60 min = mild, 60 min = moderate, 24 hrs = severe Ingebrigtsen et 1993 Northern Norway All patient referral medical records includes ED visits GCS: minimal = 15 no LOC, mild = 14 or 15 plus al., excludes scalp, facial injuries PTA or brief LOC or impaired alertness, moderate 1998 = 9â13 or LOC > 5 min or focal neurological deficit, severe = 5â8, critical = 3â4 Tate et al., 1988 New South Admission to region hospital with ICD-9 codes 310, 800, Severe = PTA > 24 hrs, or GCS of < 9, moderate 1998 Wales, Australia 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 905.0, 907 = PTA 1â24 hrs or GCS 9â12, mild = PTA or LOC < 1 hr Alaranta et al., 1991 to Finland Hospital discharge or register using ICD-9 codes: 800, Severity not evaluated 2000 1995 801, 803, 850â854 (first-time patients only) Pickett et al., 1988 Greater Kingston Computerized ED injury records from the CHIRPP system Severity not reported 2001 Area of Canada Engberg and 1979 to Denmark Danish National Hospital Register using 8th ICD codes Severity not evaluated Teasdale, 1996 800, 801, 803, 850â854, mortality data from National 2001 Death Register using ICD 8th and 10th codes
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons hospital admitted through emergency service with AIS score of 4 or 5 or LOC 6â24 hrs GCS < 9 2001 of any one of 19 hospitals, data from treating hospital Firsching and 1996 Germany Head injury hospital admitted patients including Severity scoring not reported Woischneck, concussion; deaths from Federal Bureau of Statistics 2001 Gururaj, 1999 Bangalore, India Case definitions from the Neurotrauma Registry of GCS used by categories of severity not defined 2002 National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bangalore India including LOC or PTA neurological changes, skull fracture, death due to TBI Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna and Hospital admissions with ICD-9 codes 800â800.3, 801â Severity not evaluated 2002b Trentino, Italy 801.3, 803â803.3, 850; 851â851.1, 852â852.1 853â853.1, 854â854.1 Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna, Italy All patients admitted to hospital care with a discharge Mild TBI as defined by Duckin using ICD codes 2002a diagnosis of ICD-9 800â803.0, 801â801.3, 803â804.3, GCS of 14â15 = mild, 9â13 = moderate, < 9 = 850â854. In hospital and prehospital deaths identified severe from hospital records or death certificates Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons admitted to anyone of 19 public hospitals with Severe TBI by GCS of < 9 for at least 24 hrs 2003 prolonged coma determined by LOC > 24 hrs or GCS of < 9 before sedation Kleiven et al., 1987 to Sweden National hospital discharge register using ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 2003 2000 804, 850â854, (ICD-9) and S2.0âS2.9, S6.0âS6.9 (ICD- 10) Andersson et al., 1992 to Western Sweden Persons identified from hospitals ED unit, discharge Mix of symptoms defined by American Congress 2003 1993 register, regional neurological clinic and coronerâs records of Rehabilitation Medicine ICD-9, 850â854, 800â804 Baldo et al., 1966 to Northeast Italy Hospital discharges with ICD-9 codes 800, 801.9, 803, ICDMAP-90 used to convert ICD codes to AIS: 2003 2000 804.9, 850â854.1 located on data base for region 1/2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4/5 = severe Santos et al., 1994, Portugal From National Institute of Statistics using ICD-9 codes Severity not evaluated 2003 1996, 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 907 for hospital discharge 1997 and mortality data 77
78 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Steudel et al., 1972 to Germany Federal Bureau of Statistics using ICD-9 codes 800-804 Focus of study is on fatal head injury 2005 1998 and 850â854 and ICD-10 S02âS02.9 and S06âS06.9 Tennant, 2005 2001 to England Hospital Episodes Statistics using ICD-10 codes S00â Severity not evaluated 2003 S09.9 for hospital inpatient care plus Primary Care Trusts Chiu et al., 2007 1991, Taipei City and Prospective TBI registry data. Excludes prehospital deaths GCS: severe 9, moderate = 9â15 plus hospital 2001 Hualien County, in 2001 stay at least 48 hrs and had brain surgery or Taiwan abnormal CT scan, mild = all others Yates et al., 1997 to Royal Devon and ED database from one hospital. ICD codes used but not Based on ICD-10 but not defined 2008 2003 Exeter Hospital, stated UK Wu et al., 2008 2004 6 Providences of Hospital admitted patients with data from attending GCS: severe 9, moderate = 9â13, mild = 14, 15 Eastern China physician NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CHIRPP = Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDMAP = computer algorithm, ICU = intensive care unit, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, UK = United Kingdom. |
1994 | IMP PIST RICHARDS 0.6X4MM | CDM | 1986 China medical record followup Severity not evaluated Nestvold et al., 1974 Central Norway, Prospective identification by surgeons on duty case Survey ranked by length of PTA: None = 1, < 0.5 1988 Akershus County inclusion with neurological symptoms hr = 2, 0.5â6 hr = 3, 6â24 hr = 4, 1â2 days = 5, 3â7 (Oslo) days = 6, > 7 days = 7 Servadei et al., 1981 to Ravenna, Italy ED identification plus hospital admission and record GCS; 3â5, 6â8, 9-12, 13â15 1988 1982 review Badcock, 1984 South Australia Prospective study of all ED visits, hospital admissions and Length of PTA: none, < 5 min, 5â60 min, 1â24 1988 prehospital deaths hrs, 1â7 days, 1â4 wks, > 4 wks Tiret et al., 1986 Aquitaine, Prehospital deaths and hospital admissions survey by Severity by 3 classes based on PTA of coma > 6 1990 France medical staff using 180 possible head injury codes using hrs = severe, PTA 15 min to 6 hrs = moderate, AIS and ISS PTA, 15 min = mild Levi et al., 1984 to Northern Israel Prospective patient identification from referral to GCS used but not recorded 1990 1988 neurological service records Nell and Brown, 1986 Johannesburg, Inpatient admission with screening ICD-9 codes 800â804, GCS, mild = 13â15, moderate = 7â12 and severe = 1991 South Africa 850â854, 293, 294, 310, 870â873, 950â951, 958, 345, 3â6 347, 348, 253.9 75
76 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Johansson et al., 1984 to Northern Sweden Hospital admissions with ICD 850â854 Severity not evaluated 1991 1985 Annoni et al., 1987 Canton St. Hospitalized patients with intracranial lesions on Severe brain injury only GCS < 7, 7â9, 10â12, > 1992 Gallen, admission CT 12 Switzerland Vazquez- 1988 Cantabria, Spain Hospital admissions with objective neurological findings GCS, minor = 13â15, moderate 9â12, severe 3â8 Barquero et al., such as LOC, skull fracture 1992 Engberg, 1995 1988 Frederiksborg ED and hospital ICUs in 4 hospitals using hospital Severity by PTA: 24 hrs-7 days = severe, very County, Denmark records, Danish Hospital Register and National Register severe 7 days Chiu et al., 1988 to Taiwan Hospital admission with LOC, skull fracture, neurological GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 1994 deficit or CT intracranial hemorrhage severe 8 Hillier et al., 1987 South Australia All public and private hospitals with admission ICD-9 GCS: mild = 13â5, moderate = 9â12 (or CT pos), 1997 codes of 348, 800, 803, 804, 850-854 severe = 3â 8; PTA < 30 min = mild, 30â60 min = moderate, > 60 min = severe, PTA < 60 min = mild, 60 min = moderate, 24 hrs = severe Ingebrigtsen et 1993 Northern Norway All patient referral medical records includes ED visits GCS: minimal = 15 no LOC, mild = 14 or 15 plus al., excludes scalp, facial injuries PTA or brief LOC or impaired alertness, moderate 1998 = 9â13 or LOC > 5 min or focal neurological deficit, severe = 5â8, critical = 3â4 Tate et al., 1988 New South Admission to region hospital with ICD-9 codes 310, 800, Severe = PTA > 24 hrs, or GCS of < 9, moderate 1998 Wales, Australia 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 905.0, 907 = PTA 1â24 hrs or GCS 9â12, mild = PTA or LOC < 1 hr Alaranta et al., 1991 to Finland Hospital discharge or register using ICD-9 codes: 800, Severity not evaluated 2000 1995 801, 803, 850â854 (first-time patients only) Pickett et al., 1988 Greater Kingston Computerized ED injury records from the CHIRPP system Severity not reported 2001 Area of Canada Engberg and 1979 to Denmark Danish National Hospital Register using 8th ICD codes Severity not evaluated Teasdale, 1996 800, 801, 803, 850â854, mortality data from National 2001 Death Register using ICD 8th and 10th codes
Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons hospital admitted through emergency service with AIS score of 4 or 5 or LOC 6â24 hrs GCS < 9 2001 of any one of 19 hospitals, data from treating hospital Firsching and 1996 Germany Head injury hospital admitted patients including Severity scoring not reported Woischneck, concussion; deaths from Federal Bureau of Statistics 2001 Gururaj, 1999 Bangalore, India Case definitions from the Neurotrauma Registry of GCS used by categories of severity not defined 2002 National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bangalore India including LOC or PTA neurological changes, skull fracture, death due to TBI Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna and Hospital admissions with ICD-9 codes 800â800.3, 801â Severity not evaluated 2002b Trentino, Italy 801.3, 803â803.3, 850; 851â851.1, 852â852.1 853â853.1, 854â854.1 Servadei et al., 1998 Romagna, Italy All patients admitted to hospital care with a discharge Mild TBI as defined by Duckin using ICD codes 2002a diagnosis of ICD-9 800â803.0, 801â801.3, 803â804.3, GCS of 14â15 = mild, 9â13 = moderate, < 9 = 850â854. In hospital and prehospital deaths identified severe from hospital records or death certificates Masson et al., 1996 Aquitaine, France Persons admitted to anyone of 19 public hospitals with Severe TBI by GCS of < 9 for at least 24 hrs 2003 prolonged coma determined by LOC > 24 hrs or GCS of < 9 before sedation Kleiven et al., 1987 to Sweden National hospital discharge register using ICD codes 800â Severity not evaluated 2003 2000 804, 850â854, (ICD-9) and S2.0âS2.9, S6.0âS6.9 (ICD- 10) Andersson et al., 1992 to Western Sweden Persons identified from hospitals ED unit, discharge Mix of symptoms defined by American Congress 2003 1993 register, regional neurological clinic and coronerâs records of Rehabilitation Medicine ICD-9, 850â854, 800â804 Baldo et al., 1966 to Northeast Italy Hospital discharges with ICD-9 codes 800, 801.9, 803, ICDMAP-90 used to convert ICD codes to AIS: 2003 2000 804.9, 850â854.1 located on data base for region 1/2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4/5 = severe Santos et al., 1994, Portugal From National Institute of Statistics using ICD-9 codes Severity not evaluated 2003 1996, 800, 801, 803, 804, 850â854, 907 for hospital discharge 1997 and mortality data 77
78 Year(s) Reference of Data Location Case Definition and Data Source TBI Severity Criteria and Scoring Steudel et al., 1972 to Germany Federal Bureau of Statistics using ICD-9 codes 800-804 Focus of study is on fatal head injury 2005 1998 and 850â854 and ICD-10 S02âS02.9 and S06âS06.9 Tennant, 2005 2001 to England Hospital Episodes Statistics using ICD-10 codes S00â Severity not evaluated 2003 S09.9 for hospital inpatient care plus Primary Care Trusts Chiu et al., 2007 1991, Taipei City and Prospective TBI registry data. Excludes prehospital deaths GCS: severe 9, moderate = 9â15 plus hospital 2001 Hualien County, in 2001 stay at least 48 hrs and had brain surgery or Taiwan abnormal CT scan, mild = all others Yates et al., 1997 to Royal Devon and ED database from one hospital. ICD codes used but not Based on ICD-10 but not defined 2008 2003 Exeter Hospital, stated UK Wu et al., 2008 2004 6 Providences of Hospital admitted patients with data from attending GCS: severe 9, moderate = 9â13, mild = 14, 15 Eastern China physician NOTE: AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, CHIRPP = Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program, CT = computed tomography, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICD = International Classification of Diseases, ICDMAP = computer algorithm, ICU = intensive care unit, ISS = Injury Severity Score, LOC = loss of consciousness, PTA = posttraumatic amnesia, TBI = traumatic brain injury, UK = United Kingdom. TABLE 3.4 US TBI Incidence Studies Base Year(s) of Number of Population Rate / 105 Reference Data Location Patients (x1000) per year Comments Annegers et al., 1980 1965 to 1974 Olmstead County, MN 3,587 NS 193 Age adjusted to 1970 US population, rate averaged from men only and women only rates Fuortes et al., 1990 1984 to 1986 Iowa NS NS 159 in 1984 Hospital admissions only 133 in 1985 117 in 1986 Rimel, 1981 1977 to 1979 Central Virginia 1,330 NS NS Hospital patients and prehospital deaths Klauber et al., 1981 1978 San Diego, CA 5,055 NS 294 Includes some nonresidents, excludes a few external causes Cooper et al., 1983 1980 to 1981 Bronx, NY 1,209 NS 249 Rate based on sample, age adjusted to 1980 US population Jagger et al., 1984b 1978 North Central Virginia 735 354 208 Rate includes residents and nonresidents; no ED cases or prehospital deaths Kraus et al., 1984 1981 San Diego County, CA 3,358 1862 180 Population based, not age adjusted Whitman et al., 1984 1979 to 1980 Inner city Chicago and 782 213 331 Composite rate from data in publication, Evanston, IL average across race and gender Fife et al., 1986 1979 to 1980 Rhode Island 2,870 947 152 Hospital patients only Fife, 1987 1977 to 1981 US 307,000 226,545 136 Hospital patients only; 1.87 million 1.87 million 805 All injured patients MacKenzie et al., 1989a 1986 Maryland 5,838 NS 132 Hospital patients only MacKenzie et al., 1990 1979 to 1986 Maryland NS NS 114-134 Hospital patients only, range in rates Oklahoma State 1989 Oklahoma 3,672 NS 121 Hospital and fatal cases Department of Health, 1991 Schuster, 1994 1990 Massachusetts 27,819 6,016 10 Mortality rate 86 Hospital admissions 366 ED only Warren et al., 1995 1991 to 1993 Alaska 2,178 457 130 Hospital patients only Diamond, 1996 1988 to 1993 Virginia 46,680 NS NS Only age-specific rates reported Sosin et al., 1996 1991 US 1.54 million NS 618 Total rate 158 Hospitalized 79
80 Base Year(s) of Number of Population Rate / 105 Reference Data Location Patients (x1000) per year Comments 307 ED only 153 No care Thurman et al., 1996 1990 to 1992 Utah 5,782 NS 106 Age adjusted rate to 1990 US population Gabella et al., 1997a 1990 to 1993 Colorado, Missouri, 13,978 13,687 103 Age adjusted rate to 1990 US population Oklahoma, Utah Gabella et al., 1997b 1991 to 1992 Colorado 7056 NS 101 Hospitalized and deaths, age adjusted to US Thurman and Guerrero, 1994 to 1995 US NS NS 98 Hospitalized patients only 1999 Jager et al., 2000 1992 to 1994 US 1.144 million NS 444 ED patients only Schootman et al., 2000 1993 Iowa 2,559 NS 91 Severe TBI rate based capture- recapture; age adjusted rate to 1990 US population Guerrero et al., 2000 1995 to 1996 US 1.027 million NS 392 ED patients only Louisiana Office of 1996 to 1999 Louisiana 16,203 NS 90 Hospitalized patients and prehospital Public Health Injury and deaths Research Prevention Section, 2004 Langlois et al., 2003 1997 14 US states 62,771 NS 70 Live hospital discharges only Langlois et al., 2006 1995 to 2001 US 1.396 million NS 505 Total rate, age adjusted to 2000 US population 235 86 Hospitalized patients only 1.111 million 401 ED visits only Selassie et al., 2004 1996 to 2001 South Carolina 70,671 NS 68 Hospital patients only 220 ED patients only Texas Department of 1998 Texas 20,000 NS NS Hospitalized patients only Health, 2004 Rutland-Brown et al., 2003 US 1.565 million NS 538 Total 2006 421 ED visits only 100 Hospitalization NOTE: CA = California, ED = emergency department, IL = Illinois, MN = Minnesota, NS = not stated, NY = New York, TBI = traumatic brain injury, US = United States. |
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