content
stringlengths 71
484k
| url
stringlengths 13
5.97k
|
|---|---|
How To Find Out Who Owns A House Or Land
It’s not uncommon to want to know who owns a house or a piece of land. You don’t necessarily have to have a connection to the house or land to request this information, but for a small fee you can access previous ownership information.
So, how can you find out who owns a property or land? Our blog post examines how the process works, fees associated and any questions you may have.
Reasons for wanting to find out who owns a house
There are several reasons as to why you may want to find out who owns a piece of land or a home. This could be because you’re interested in purchasing the property and would like to see previous ownership information before making an offer.
Another common reason may be to learn about development projects in the area. Finding out previous ownership details for local houses can provide useful information on the historical sale prices and so on, for housing developers.
One of the common reasons for enquiring about a property that you have no connection with is curiousness. You may have come across an unusual house, or abandoned property, and want to discover its history.
Once you have decided that you would like to find out ownership information, the next step is to complete the process of requesting these details.
How do I find out the ownership of a property?
The process is a simple exercise which can be completed online.
HM Land Registry holds the information of more than 20 million registered lands and properties and has become available to the public since 1990. Members of the public can pay for access to title registers, title plans and Flood Risk Indicator results.
To start this process, you will need to visit the HM Land Registry website. Next you must create an account in order to purchase title plans, title registers or Flood Risk Indicator results.
Once an account is created, you can search for a property by entering the house number/name and the postcode into the corresponding fields. You will be able to select which information you would like to request, and you will be prompted to complete the rest of the purchase by adding in your payment details.
How much does it cost to find out?
There are different costs associated with the different types of information you can request which are:
- £3.00 for a title register copy (details of a property).
- £3.00 for a title plan (plan of a property).
- £9.00 (excluding VAT) for a Flood Risk Indicator result (indication of the flood risk for a property).
The fees must be paid online using a credit or debit card.
How do I find out the owners of unregistered land?
Although around 85% of land and property in England and Wales is registered with the HM Land Registry, it can be a difficult process to find the lawful owner of a property or piece of land.
The first step is to double check the land or property isn’t registered with HM Land Registry. Once you have confirmed it isn’t registered, the next step is to do some detective work.
It may take a while to find out the owner, but the best option is to ask around your local area and any surrounding areas. HM Land Registry recommends asking local residents, asking in nearby shops, pubs, post offices and libraries, as they may be equipped with local knowledge.
If asking around doesn’t bring up any clues, you could try searching for clues from your local authority records. For example, Yorkshire and Middlesex have their own deeds registries, while the remaining counties have the County Records Offices, which may be able to provide you information regarding who owns a particular property or land.
Another alternative is to check with the local authority to see if any applications have been submitted in the past. This is a useful way of finding out the registered owners of a house or piece of land. By law, applicants have to sign either a Certificate A, to say they are the owner, or Certificate B, to say they have served noticed on the owner who must be named.
How can I claim to possess unclaimed land?
Adverse possession is the term referring to the process of claiming unclaimed land. To be successful you must fit the following criteria for an uninterrupted period of around 10 to 12 years:
- Factual or exclusive possession of the land, such as fencing off an area of the land.
- An intention to possess the land. This can be shown by a combination of factual possession and other actions which excludes any other possible owners.
- Possession of the land without consent, which means you cannot acquire land where the owner has given you permission as this shows an acknowledgment that another person owns the land.
This can be a complicated process to complete without legal guidance, so we suggest you seek legal help such as a solicitor who can help you through the process.
Common problems you may face and how to solve them
The property is unregistered, how do I find out who the owners are?
This is one of the most common problems people come across when trying to find out who the owners are for land or a property. As mentioned earlier, you may have already conducted some investigate work by asking around your local and surrounding areas. Another method is to check the County Records Office or to check if any planning applications have been made in the past.
I can’t find the exact boundaries between my property and my neighbours, how can I find this information out?
In England and Wales, there is often no record of exact boundaries between two properties, or who owns a hedge, tree, wall or fence between properties.
However, you are able to get an idea of where the boundaries for your property are by checking its title deeds. If you’re unsure of what title deeds are, we have a useful blog post which explains them in detail. Boundary information may not be included in the property’s title deeds, however, it may be helpful to create a boundary agreement with your neighbour to determine your exact boundaries. | https://goodmove.co.uk/blog/who-owns-a-house-or-land/ |
What the Budget 2018 means for planning reform
The October Budget included a number of announcements taking forward the government’s plans to boost housing delivery, support the high street and promote planning reform.
The Letwin Review of Build Out: the Final Report
Letwin’s interim findings previously concluded that housebuilders do not ‘landbank’, but do build out sites at a speed that ensures that new homes can be absorbed by the market without affecting the value of new or second hand housing stock. Further, their limited product range restricts choice and therefore potential buyers on any particular site.
The Final Report recommends legislative and policy change to increase the variety and differentiation of large sites in areas of high housing demand to speed build out.
- Letwin seeks diversity in housing type, size and style, design (through local design codes), tenure mix, target groups (eg older people’s or student housing) and delivery (custom or self-build). Letwin suggests that applicants should consider whether they would take on the risk of differing housing types or explain how they would sell parts of the site to others to do so. A “high” proportion of affordable housing is expected. Yet not all types of housing will be appropriate on large new build sites. In addition to affecting viability, such diversity will significantly complicate the process of obtain allocation and consent for, and bringing large sites to market.
- New primary legislation could define large sites by size (potentially at least 1,500 units) and boundaries (eg by reference to an allocation in a plan, although an allocation might have a number of actual permissions and be in different ownerships).
- Ahead of primary legislation, a Written Ministerial Statement, new secondary legislation and new planning policy could set ‘diversification principles’ and seek a ‘diversification strategy’ for large sites. Housing diversification could be a reserved matter – Letwin suggests specfically type, size and tenure mix, although size of dwellings is already a reserved matter and it is commonplace for type and tenure of anything other than open market housing to be secured through condition and/or section 106 agreement already. To avoid uncertainty, if the procedures are adopted by the end of 2018 (very unlikely), the new rules could apply to permissions granted from 2021.
- A new National Expert Committee is recommended to provide advice on diversity requirements to developers and authorities on applications and the Planning Inspectorate at appeals
- To promote change ahead of 2021, Letwin proposes short term incentives to encourage developers with existing permissions to adopt new diversity provisions through a new section 106 agreement. This could be a condition of future government funding for developers or potential purchasers. A large sites viability fund could assist where sites would otherwise become unviable. However, it seems unlikely that developers locked into existing land deals and planning permissions would voluntarily make such changes without full compensation.
- Letwin sees scope in the longer term for authorities to designate unallocated, single large sites within local plans, backed by master plans and design codes, to which the new rules will automatically apply. New development vehicles could facilitate delivery including local development companies which would secure a masterplan / design code, invest in land and infrastructure and sell off serviced parcels, or infrastructure development companies which would get involved after the authority had developed the masterplan / design code. Authorities would be given clearer compulsory purchase powers.
It is intended by Letwin that diversity requirements should affect land value, including as a result of the required high level of affordable housing. Indeed, controversially, Letwin recommends that guidance should encourage levels of diversity that will result in residual land values at around 10 times existing use value. It is doubtful whether long term landowners would be incentivised to release valuable agricultural land at that level. This could also result in a two tier land market in areas where authorities are prepared to use compulsory purchase powers in relation to large sites.
The government has committed to responding to the review by February 2019. It will be a difficult task to promote diversification without complicating the system so much that interest in bringing forward large sites is diminished. Whether what is proposed will actually speed up build rates remains to be seen.
Other measures
The government has announced other measures in the Budget affecting the planning system and house building.
- Provisions to boost house building include a new Help to Buy equity loan scheme which will run for 2 years after the current scheme ends in 2021, but apply to first time buyers only and be subject to price caps. From 29 October in England, the Housing Revenue Account cap will be abolished enabling Councils to increase borrowing for house building. Further detail is awaited.
- Support for neighbourhood planning continues. Funding will be made available for neighbourhood bodies to allocate or grant permission for discounted homes to be sold to local people. Despite the recently adopted NPPF, further guidance will ensure that neighbourhood plans and orders approved by local referendums cannot be “unfairly overruled by local planning authorities” - it is unclear at this stage how this is intended to work.
- There is a new consultation on further permitted development rights to allow upward extension above commercial and residential properties and allow commercial buildings to be demolished and replaced with new homes. Office to residential permitted development rights have proved unpopular with many authorities concerned about the poor quality housing that can result and the difficulties caused in pursuing masterplanned regeneration around buildings with the benefit of such rights. A package of support for the high street also includes a review of the use classes order and role of compulsory purchase powers.
- The government has also considered further the role of the community infrastructure levy and section 106 agreements. Changes will be made to the levy regulations and new guidance introduced in due course. In particular, and helpfully, pooling restrictions will be lifted so that multiple section 106 obligations can be collected towards a single piece of infrastructure. However, the requirement to produce regulation 123 lists will also be removed – it is difficult to see how reporting standards can adequately replace the current express restriction on ‘double dipping’ (securing payments through both section 106 and the levy). Payment of section 106 monitoring fees, held unlawful by the courts in certain circumstances, is to be supported.
In short, planning reform through changes to primary and secondary legislation and to guidance is set to continue.
This article was written by Claire Fallows. For more information please contact Claire on +44 (0)20 7427 1046 or [email protected]
News & Insights
Focus Antitrust - 14 November 2017
The latest edition of our regular Focus Antitrust update.
A less restrictive approach?
Our property litigation expert, Emma Humphreys addresses case law in relation to restrictive covenants. | https://www.charlesrussellspeechlys.com/en/news-and-insights/insights/real-estate/2018/what-the-budget-2018-means-for-planning-reform/ |
Table of Contents
Bicycling is fun. Additionally, it’s a great exercise. Just remember that your bicycle will need constant repairs. You’ll need to take steps to repair the brakes and change the chain. At some point, the bike is likely to become irreparable. Once this happens then, you’ll have to do something else with it. What can you do with a bicycle that is not yours? In the end, a bicycle will be made up of rubber and metal. They can be recycled and reused. Therefore, it is best to get rid of your old bicycle.
To do that, you’ll need to move it away with the form of a van or truck. If you don’t have a suitable mode of transportation, you should use our services. We can get rid of your bike in a hurry.
We Can Dispose Of Your Old Bicycle
We’ll make your bike disposal quick and easy. It couldn’t get any easier. Contact us and allow us to take it away for you. Before you know it, the bicycle will be donated or recycled. Our trucks are large enough to take care of many bikes simultaneously, So we’ll come up with a way to resolve your bike problem no matter the situation.
How to Get Rid Of Your Old Bike
Once your bike stops working and is no longer fixable, it’s time to deal with it. The easiest method of getting off of it would be by throwing it into the trash. Nevertheless, this isn’t the most efficient option. Instead, you should try giving the item away. You could give it to a relative, friend member, or a child down the street. If that doesn’t work, think about donating it to a nonprofit charity. Alternately, you could attempt to recycle the bicycle. Take it to the recycling center so that the components can be used for new purposes.
Can A Bike That’s Old Be Recycled?
It is indeed possible to recycle your old bikes. Recycling is beneficial because it will provide numerous benefits. When you recycle an old bike, you can guarantee that the materials you have used are going to be broken down and repurposed. If the bicycle can’t be repaired or sold, recycling is the most efficient alternative. The recycling center will pick up the items that were used and assure that they will be reused. Who knows? The bike‘s parts could be used to create another bicycle in the future.
The bicycle has many parts that are recyclable. For example, the recycling center will preserve the chain, frame, rubber, brake pads, and many more. After the materials have been recycled and reused, they’ll then be used to make something brand new.
What About Donating An Old Bike?
If you can, donate the bicycle to a person that could use it. The neighbor across the street could likely use the old bicycle. You can also try giving it to friends or family members. You can also find an organization in your area that will accept the bike. Bicycle shops, charities, thrift stores, and children’s stores might be able to take it. Visit these stores until you find someone who can remove it.
How About Trying To Remove The Bicycle?
Then, you could consider scrapping the bicycle‘s frame. Remember that the bike could comprise carbon fiber, aluminum, steel, or titanium. These are valuable because they can be used for a variety of uses. While you could sell the frame to a scrap yard, it’s likely not worth the cost. There is a good chance that you won’t earn a lot from the bicycle. Therefore, it is often best to seek out a new solution. We’re always available to assist. We can dispose of old bicycles by a variety of methods.
We’ll recycle it for you. We might also help you donate the bike too. We can accept mountain bikes, road bikes, hybrid bikes, as well as others.
If you have any other junk removal service please check out other services. | https://topnotchjunkguys.com/bicycle-removal/ |
If you’re considering purchasing a house in Asia it is important to be aware that the appropriate system and actions to follow will vary from those you might have skilled in britain. It is vital to remember that even though many nationals that are british visiting Asia on vacation, certain requirements international nationals need to fulfill to qualify to purchase home are complicated. A number of Uk nationals who possess purchased home in Goa within the last a decade have actually faced problems with finishing the enrollment procedures in accordance with gaining long stay visas in order to stay static in their domiciles.
In the event that you want to buy a residential property in Asia, you might be highly encouraged to activate an unbiased neighborhood attorney. Neither the Foreign and Commonwealth Office or British High Commissions in Asia can provide advice that is legal buying property.
Disclaimer
Although we hope that these details is advantageous, please be mindful that it’s not designed to function as only guidance for prospective purchasers to follow when contemplating making a purchase. In addition, we make no representation regarding the quality or precision for the information that will be offered at the net details placed in this guide, nor can we accept any obligation for the information that is hosted in it. We strongly suggest that potential purchasers of home in Asia seek separate appropriate and advice that is financial all phases of the purchase.
Residency demands for international nationals
To lawfully purchase home in Asia as a person with no permission of this Reserve Bank of Asia (RBI), a foreigner needs to qualify as being a ‘person resident in India’ under Section 2(v) of this Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA). In accordance with the RBI web site:
“A foreign national who’s a ‘person resident in India’ inside the meaning of Section 2(v) of FEMA, 1999 can buy immovable home in Asia, however the individual worried will have to receive the approvals and fulfil what’s needed, if any, recommended by other authorities, such as for instance, the local government stressed, etc. The onus to show his/her status that is residential is the average person depending on the extant FEMA provisions, if needed by any authority. ”
A foreigner would also need to meet up with the demands put down by the RBI for Foreign Nationals and people of non-Indian beginning: Reserve Bank of Asia Property Regulations additionally see Master Circular 2013 july.
In the event that you plan to buy home the visa you enter Asia on is very important once the kind of visa should obviously suggest the intention in which to stay India for the uncertain duration to find out domestic status.
A foreigner whom fulfills every one of the conditions and acquires status that is resident FEMA will be in a position to buy immovable home in Asia though you will find restrictions on purchasing agricultural land, farmhouses and plantations. Which means you should make sure you have actually checked your straight to lawfully get such land. It really is our view that until you have actually a work / company visa or otherwise meet with the demands for residency as being a foreigner you simply cannot legitimately buy home in Asia.
A foreigner who may have bought home in Asia without fulfilling most of the federal Government of India needs (irrespective of if the purchase ended up being produced in good faith) could face a study to the purchase and appropriate ownership associated with home, that could in extreme circumstances cause the home being confiscated and gone back to the federal government of India and a penalty that is monetary.
Bank records
Numerous foreigners whom plan to purchase property open Indian bank reports. Before doing therefore please consult the RBI instructions and FAQs.
Timeshares
Timeshare ownership has gradually developed in Asia with all the arrival of known and respected businesses, agents and resorts running legitimately, fairly and successfully. Nevertheless you will find similarly numerous unscrupulous organizations in procedure, several of which claim to offer different incentives (including stock exchange opportunities and discounts on airfares and accommodation) whenever exchanging current timeshare ownership or taking right out account of holiday clubs. Most of the time inducements that are such not materialise when a deal is finalized and sealed. If you should be approached by agents running such schemes you ought to treat the approaches utilizing the utmost care.
Top methods for purchasing a house in Asia
- Make use of the solutions of a professional separate regional attorney. Prevent lawyers proposed or provided by the vendor. Just a lawyer that is independent understand every one of the checks that needs to be created before parting with cash. If in doubt seek a 2nd viewpoint.
- Understand that you will need to make use of the solutions of a Public Notary. The Notary just isn’t acting for you personally and won’t offer advice. He or she is the official regarding the State whoever task it really is to ensure all deals come in the appropriate type. Events to a purchase and get should come in individual ahead of the Notary in the time that is same. Instead they could provide energy of lawyer for their lawyer (or other people) to express them.
- Work with a reliable and founded property representative or perhaps a recommended builder.
- Until you talk proficient Hindi or the state language (Gujarati, Punjabi, Urdu etc) will have papers translated e.g. Name deeds, to make sure you realize completely exactly what the documents that are original.
- Pose a question to your attorney to ensure that it is registered in the name of the seller; and there are no outstanding local taxes or capital gains tax with you in writing that there is no mortgage or other charge or encumbrance registered on the property you are intending to buy. Ensure that all grouped community payments are as much as date.
- Consult an attorney together with RBI prior to making an “Agreement of Sale” purchase while you may experience problems in registering the home.
Transfer money into India through normal banking networks since you may want to sjust how how the cash joined the nation ahead of the purchase may be registered. Look at the RBI laws before moving hardly any money since you may need certainly to seek permission / inform them if you’re moving a large amount.
Legal counsel
Uk residents afflicted with home dilemmas should simply just take separate legal services from regional attorneys. The British tall Commission is not able to get involved with specific property issues or legal disputes. The British tall Commission maintains the list that is following of.
Regional authorities
That you have been subject to a property crime, you should make a statement to the local police if you believe. Don’t forget to obtain a duplicate associated with statement and have for the event quantity. Take note, there could be an occasion limitation between your period of the so-called criminal activity and the full time within that you make your issue.
Further help
Uk nationals that have currently purchased home in Goa have set-up a Goa Property performing Group and will be very happy to respond to questions on Goa home issues. | http://www.werner-schieferstein.de/2020/03/26/practical-advice-to-consider-when-buying-a/ |
Walnut bread brings a rustic, traditional twist to your table.
The wholesome, traditional scent is offset beautifully by the crunch of the walnuts. Ideal to accompany a main, or as a tasty snack.
Ingredients
300 g strong white bread flour · 200 g wholemeal flour · 20 g brewer’s yeast · 100 g shelled walnuts · 1 tsp salt · 250 ml water · 20 g butter · 1 pinch of sugar
Preparation
First you must prepare your starter dough. To make your starter dough, in a bowl place the yeast in 50 ml of warm water, add a few tablespoons of flour and a pinch of sugar,
then mix together. Leave your starter to rise until it has doubled in volume. Place both flours in a mound and pour the raised starter into the centre.
Now add the remaining warm water in which you have dissolved one teaspoon of salt and start to knead firmly, folding and refolding the dough over on itself repeatedly.
Add the softened butter to form a smooth, elastic dough. Place the bread dough in a bowl with the bottom sprinkled with flour. Cover and leave to rise for 3 hours in a warm, sheltered place.
Blanch the walnuts for 1 minute then chop coarsely.
Once the bread dough has doubled in volume, add the chopped walnuts and knead for a few minutes more. Divide the dough into two loaves, place them on a baking sheet covered with baking paper and make two cuts with a knife on the surface of the loaves (the cuts are used to facilitate the baking and are also thought to bring good luck) then leave to rise for approximately 1 hour.
Baking
Preheat the oven to 220° and bake the walnut bread for 20 minutes.
Allow to cool slightly before slicing. | https://www.agricorti.it/en/walnut-bread/ |
Learning to make Sourdough Bread was easier than I thought
Sourdough bread has always been my favorite bread. I don’t even remember when I discovered that I love the sour flavor, soft middle and crunchy crust. The truth of the matter is, though, I never made it myself. Yes, it was a well covered truth that I spent lots of money at fancy grocery stores buying “real” sourdough bread. The loaves they sell at a lot of food stores doesn’t even taste like sourdough bread. Maybe it is but it is lacking the real flavor and crunchy crust. During the recent snow event we had in the area, I decided to get my sourdough bread starter going and then actually bake loaves of sourdough bread at home! I am so glad I had the extra time to see this though. I overcame my worry that it wouldn’t work and that I would be wasting all that good flour. It worked and it is delicious. Now, every day, I am activating a small batch of the starter and letting it become bubbly. Later that day or early the next, I will mix up the dough. Patience seems to be the biggest hurdle. You won’t have sourdough bread a few hours after you start the recipe. But if you can summon up the patience to cater to the dough for a few minutes a couple times a day, you can have fresh sourdough bread everyday.
Getting Started with Sourdough Bread
To begin, I searched my pinterest board on Bread Recipes for some guidance and recipes. I had pinned this post from Montana Homesteader with a collection of over 70 sourdough recipes. I read through a few but this one from Common Sense Homesteading was the closest to how I had begun my starter. I used starter grains from Cultures for Health, as she did. This seemed like the perfect set of directions for me to follow. I wish Cultures from Health had included a few recipes with the grains but apparently they have them on their website.
I followed the instructions from Common Sense Home, at least the first time. I have been experimenting with different variations after getting the first two delicious loaves of bread. I am still a beginner but I branched out to make a french style baggette and both dinner rolls and sandwich style rolls.
Starter – Follow the instructions on the package if using starter grains I waited 6 days while feeding and stirring the starter as the directions explained
When making my first batch of bread this is what I did.
- The night before I scooped out 1/2 cup of starter into a medium sized glass bowl
- Add 1 cup of all purpose flour and 1/2 cup of water. Mix briskly. Cover with a tea towel and sit it out on the counter over night.
- The next morning, take all the activated starter from the bowl and place it into the kitchen aid mixer bowl. (of course you can use whatever mixer you have, or even mix by hand)
- One cup at a time, add up to three and a half more cups of flour (at this point I used bread flour) 1 cup of room temperature water and a scant Tablespoon of salt.
- Mix until the dough ball forms. Add small amounts of additional flour if needed to get to a smooth elastic dough.
- Place the dough on a cutting board
- Cut the dough into two parts
- Shape each half into the loaf you desire. Round loaves can be shaped or placed in a round Pyrex bowl for baking. Bread pans are used if you want a traditional rectangular loaf. When making rolls, divide half the dough into equal small pieces and place on a lightly greased cookie sheet. (I use coconut oil) Now comes the patience test.
- Cover the dough shapes and walk away.
I know it’s hard
After four hours you can punch down the dough and reshape for a second rise or just leave the dough alone for at least 8 hours. 12 hours is better and if you can stand it, wait a little longer. Yikes! I know it is hard.
Finally! Time to Bake the Bread
Preheat oven 400 degrees Fahrenheit.
Bake loaves for 30 minutes. Baguettes from the quarter of the dough bake about 20 to 25 minutes and rolls bake 15 to 20 minutes. The internal temperature of the bread should be 200 degrees when fully baked.
When the bread is done baking, remove from the pans onto a wire rack for cooling and to prevent sogginess.
Now reward yourself with a great big slab of bread smothered in real butter. You deserve it. That took incredible patience. | https://www.timbercreekfarmer.com/sourdough-bread-baking-from-a-beginner/ |
Place flour, brown sugar, warm water, salt, olive oil and yeast in the pan of the bread machine in the order recommended by the manufacturer. Select dough cycle; press Start.
Place pizza stone in oven and preheat to 375 degrees F (190 degrees C). Oven must be preheated at least 30 minutes before baking.
Deflate the dough and turn it out onto a lightly floured surface. Form dough into two loaves. Place the loaves seam side down on a cutting board generously sprinkled with cornmeal. Cover the loaves with a damp cloth and let rise until doubled in volume, about 40 minutes.
In a small bowl, beat together egg and 1 tablespoon water. Brush the risen loaves with egg mixture. Make a single long, quick cut down the center of the loaves with a sharp knife. Gently shake the cutting board to make sure that the loaves are not sticking. If they stick, use a spatula or pastry knife to loosen. Slide the loaves onto the pizza stone with one quick but careful motion.
Bake in preheated oven for 30 to 35 minutes, or until loaves sound hollow when tapped on the bottom.
03/16/2017
recipepes.com
talian bread baked on a pizza stone, recipe
PT15M
PT1H
5
455 calories
Top-rated Recipes
Caramel Shortbread Squares
Grandma VanDoren's White Bread
Sausage Frittata
Sauerkraut Balls
The Best Steamed Asparagus
Coconut Lime ce Cream - Automatic ce Cream Maker Recipe
Sunday Brunswick Stew
amatriciana
Comment on this content
Submit
rosemary and goat cheese crostini with walnuts and honey
Preheat oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C).Place baguette..
4.1
5274
ginger beer
Finely shred ginger into a bowl. Zest lemons and add zest to..
3.8
3895
black bean avocado hazelnut mocha cake
Preheat oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Grease an 8-i..
4.3
2913
asparagus summer soup
Cut asparagus stalks into 1-inch pieces; reserve tips in a b..
3.7
2834
caribbean sangria
Place orange slices, peach slices, lemon slices, and lime sl..
4.2
2804
smoked paprika chicken, kale, and bean stew
Heat olive oil in a large pot over medium heat. Add chicken ..
3.7
2787
japanese-mexican fusion quesadillas
Combine soy sauce, sugar, ginger, and garlic in a large bowl..
2.6
3559
vegan oven-fried zucchini sticks
Preheat oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Spread olive ..
2.1
3206
flourless triple chocolate cookies
Preheat oven to 400 degrees F (200 degrees C). Spray 2 bakin..
3.9
3066
talian Feather Bread Pizza Dough
Beat water, olive oil, yeast, sugar, and salt together with ..
552
talian Pizza Crust in Bread Machine
Combine warm water, yeast, and sugar together in the pan of ..
599
talian pizza pie
Bring a large pot of lightly salted water to a boil. Add pas..
1455
talian Pizza Dough
Stir yeast and sugar into lukewarm water, using a fork. Let ..
682
talian Easter Pizza
Make the dough first. In a large bowl, stir together the flo..
619
talian pesto pizza
Preheat oven to 400 degrees F (200 degrees C).Roll out pizza..
395
Special talian Easter Pizza
Cook and stir Italian sausage in a skillet over medium heat,.. | https://recipepes.com/talian-bread-baked-on-a-pizza-stone/ |
Every day, the Siyabonga Africa bakery produces over 200 loaves of fresh, hot brown and white loaves ... which are snapped up by locals.
In fact, if stocks run out at their local tuck shop, customers have been known to pitch up at our baker's house hoping to buy a loaf there!
Because we believe everyone should have access to basic foodstuffs like bread, we're sharing our secret recipe with you – free of charge. Please complete the form below and we'll email the recipe to you!
Happy baking! Please do let us know how your bread turned out. | https://www.siyabongaafrica.org.za/bread-recipe.php |
You Say Potato…
It seems every time I get in the mood to bake bread, I really don’t have the time for all the rising and proofing. So I flipped through one of my favorite baking books, Baking with Julia and came across this potato bread recipe. I did make a minor change by substituting part of the all-purpose flour with wheat flour. It turned out fabulous! Heavy, chewy… everything I love about homemade bread! The best part was it was all done in about 2 hours… you just can’t get better than that!
The second day, I made pressed turkey sandwiches with this bread and it was heavenly!
Rustic Potato Loaves Recipe
1 1/2 pounds russet potatoes
4 tsp salt
1/2 c tepid reserved potato water (80-90 degrees F)
1 tbsp active dry yeast
2 tbsp extra virgin olive oil
2 3/4 c unbleached all-purpose flour
2 c whole wheat flour
1. Scrub the potatoes and cut them into quarters, peel and all. Toss them into a 2 quart pot, cover with cold water, add 2 teaspoons of the salt, and boil until the potatoes are soft enough to be pierced with the point of a knife. Dip a measuring cup into the pot and draw off 1/2 c of the potato water and reserve. Drain the potatoes in a colander and them spread them out, either in the colander or on a cooling rack over a jell-roll pan ad let them cool and air-dry for 20-30 minutes. Its important the potatoes are dry before they are mashed.
2. When the potatoes are cool stir the yeast into the reserved potato water. (If the water is no longer warm, heat for a few seconds in a microwave oven – it should feel warm to the touch.) Allow to rest for 5 minutes, the yeast will become creamy.
3. Place the cooled (unpeeled) potatoes into the bowl of a mixer fitted with the paddle attachment and mash them. With the mister on low speed, add the dissolved yeast and olive oil and mix until the liquids are incorporated into the potatoes.
4. Replace the paddle with the dough hook and, still mixing on low speed, add the flour and the remaining 2 tsp of salt. Mix on low speed for 2 to 3 minutes, then increase the speed to medium and mix for 11 minutes more. The dough will be firm at first and soft at the finish. At the start, it will look dry, so dry you’ll think you’re making a pie crust. But as the dough is worked, it will be transformed. It may even look like a brioche, cleaning the sides of the bowl but pooling at the bottom. have faith and keep beating.
5. Cover the mixing bowl with plastic wrap and allow the dough to rise at room temperature for 20 to 30 minutes, at which point the dough will have risen noticeably, although it may not have doubled. While the bread is proofing, position a rack in the bottom of the oven and fit it with a baking stone or quarry tiles, leaving a a border of at least 1 inch all around. Preheat the oven to 375 degrees. Place a linen towel on a baking sheet, rub the towel with flour and set aside. This will be the resting place for the bread’s final rise. Rub a bakers peel or baking sheet with cornmeal or flour. Fill a spray bottle with water and set aside.
6. Turn the bread out onto a lightly floured surface and using a dough scraper, cut the dough in half. To shape each half into a round, gently roll it on the floured work surface, in small circles, while lightly pushing downward. This will create the perfect round with a smooth skin.
7. Place the loaves on the floured towel, and cover them with the ends of the towel, or another towel. Let the breads rise at room temperature for 20 minutes.
8. When you’re ready to bake, spray the oven walls with water and immediately close the oven door to trap the steam. Gently place the breads onto the baking peel and quickly score the top of the loaves with a sharp knife or razor and then transfer them to the oven. Spray the oven with water again and bake the loaves for 45 to 50 minutes, or until the crust is very brown, the loaves sound hollow when thumped on the bottom, and the most important test, the interior temperature measures 200 degrees F when an instant-read thermometer is plunged into the center of the loaves. Remove the loaves from the oven and cool on a rack for at least 20 minutes before slicing. While you should wait for the bread to firm up in the cooling process, slathering this bread with butter while its still warm is a great treat.
9. The breads should be stored at room temperature. Once sliced, the bread should be turned cut side down on a cutting board. It will keep at room temperature for about 2 days. For longer storage, wrap the breads airtight and freeze them for up to a month. Thaw, still wrapped, at room temperature.
Note: I did not use the quarry tiles or baking stone. I simply formed my bread, and placed it on a parchment lined sheet pan. I then let it rise and bake on the sheet pan. I’m sure it would be better if baked on the quarry tiles, but I didn’t have any.
Note 2: I peeled the potatoes, even though Julia said to keep them on… I couldn’t help it! | https://www.ishotthechef.com/bakery/potato-bread/ |
I love to make this bread as a nice change from the Honey Wheat Sandwich bread I make often.
You could replace some of the all-purpose flour with some whole wheat flour (up to 2 cups), if you like, for some extra fibre. You could also replace the honey with molasses, for a darker bread.
This bread makes a great sandwich!
Honey Oat Sandwich Bread
Summary: This is a one of my favourite sandwich breads. I love the oat and honey flavour to this bread. Toasts well.
Ingredients
- 5 cups unbleached all-purpose flour
- 2 1/2 tsp. instant yeast
- 1 cup rolled oats (not instant)
- 2 tsp. salt
- 1 3/4 – 2 cups lukewarm water
- 2 Tbsp. vegetable or canola oil (or butter)
- 1/2 cup honey
Instructions
- Combine flour, yeast and rolled oats in large bowl or bowl of stand mixer. Add water, oil and honey and mix until dough comes together in a ball. Add more flour or water as necessary to get the right consistency.
- Knead in mixer for 4-5 minutes or by hand for 8-10 minutes.
- Place in an oiled bowl, cover with plastic wrap and let rise until doubled. Divide dough into two pieces and form into two loaves. Place loaves in greased loaf pans, spray top of loaves lightly with spray oil and cover with plastic wrap until fully proofed and crested above the edges of the pans.
- Preheat oven to 350° F. Spray top of loaves with water and sprinkle with additional rolled oats.
- Bake at 350° F. for about 40 minutes or until internal temperature reaches 200° F. | http://www.fortysomething.ca/honey-oat-sandwich-bread |
♥ No additives, pg fabric softeners, molds, emulsifiers, ECK, BCD, various substances, some substances are difficult to pronounce...
So I've got into sourdough baking over the last couple of months and while I'm very happy with the flavour and crumb of my loaves...
After a week of 12 hours, 1:1:1 ratio feeding, I've reached a good growing starter, it doubles and falls as normal. But this last...
Howdy. I am new to the whole baking bread thing and want to make sure I am calculating my hydration correctly. 300g Bread Flour...
Hello, I am thinking of buying a grain mill for my breadmaking and would like to have as much information, tips, advice etc...
Hi. I've made a starter for the first time and I'm not sure if it's doing what it should! its separated into a bottom layer or...
Follow the guide to start a Bakery Write a Business Plan. The first step in opening your new establishment should be to write a...
Organic whole-wheat starter 80% hydration white bakers flour loaves
Hi I'm relatively new to sourdough after capturing some wild yeast and making a starter a few months ago. I'm able to get pretty...
My brother has been diagnosed with dangerously high blood pressure and so is trying to modify his diet to include less salt,...
My current bread machine has user configurable programs. The rises only go to 2 hours and there is not the possibility to mix,...
Any ideas on the best way to store your bread? I've tried a plastic lined cotton bag but the loaves go mouldy, linen bags cause...
Scott would like to know.... Good Morning: The dough proof instructions in the book generally call for an overnight rise, 8-12...
I’m in the UK. I have tried making sourdough bread twice now and seem to have come up against the same problem on both occasions...
I have been using a recipe spreasheet I've built for some while now - I thought other might find it useful. You can use it to:...
Made my new starter Tuesday am, today Wednesday am stirred per instructions, just now at 3:45 pm CT, I took a look and the...
Hi I'm just asking for some recommendations for flour. I'm still new too Sourdough I've been purchasing organic bakers flour from...
Does anyone know where I can buy a Mockmill 100 or 200 in Australia? Or does anyone have one for sale? IF NOT DOES ANYONE HAVE...
My loaves often cracked at the base during baking even though I sliced the top to allow for expansion. I thought this must be...
This Sourdough starter recipe came down to me from my great aunt who got the recipe and her first starter from a friend of hers in the 1960...Read more
I was running out of wheat to grind up and make bread with so I got 50 pounds of wheat from the local mill. This is a wheat that I had...Read more
Hello! This question is on behalf of a friend who lives in India. Its pretty warm there these days. the temperatures are going... | https://sourdough.com/posts/httpspga-championshippgacom |
Ingredients:
1kg strong white flour
700g warm water
25g Instant yeast
30g salt
Start by weighing ingredients, mixing the flour and yeast, I have used 150 grams of wholewheat four to add some extra flavour but this is not necessary. Add almost all of the water to the flour saving just enough water to dissolve the salt. Keep the salted water seperate for now.
Mix the water into the flour and turn out onto work surface when it starts to come together, start mixing with hands until dough starts to form. The dough will be quite wet and sticky but continue kneading for 10 mins, your arms should be burning if you are working it hard enough. It should start to turn smooth after a while of working it. Place the dough into a large bowl and leave for 10 mins, then add the small amount of saline water to the dough and fold in carefully. When the water is fully incorporated leave dough in the bowl somewhere warm for an hour to rise.
After the dough has doubled in size (this may take more than an hour depending on the surrounding temperature), turn it out onto a work surface and divide into portions, if you want to make loaves then divide into 2 or if wanting to make rolls or baguettes divide into 6/8. Roll the divided dough into separate balls and leave covered with a tea towel on the worktop for 10 mins. After the dough has relaxed it is ready for the final shape. As you can see in the video this is my technique for making the baguette but you can also use this to make a loaf, just don't roll out so thin at the end. When finished shaping place finished dough onto a sheet pan and cover with a tea towel, this time we will let it rise for a further 30/40 mins or until doubled in size again. This is also a good time to turn the oven on to full whack.
When the oven is hot and the bread has doubled in size, score the bread with a sharp knife, cutting as quickly as possible to avoid squishing it. Then place directly into hot oven and bake for 10 mins before reducing temperature to 200 celsius. Bake for a further 20 mins or until golden and crusty. Larger loaves will take longer, try tapping the bottom of the loaf and if it sounds hollow its ready. | https://www.in2food.co.nz/post/isobaking-classic-bread-recipe |
Each yr for Christmas, my mom-in-law bakes loaves upon loaves of sandwich bread and provides them to her five kids as presents. I adore every thing about this. I know the time she has invested into making homemade bread. I worth her effort and cherish it immensely. And it tastes tasty, too.
I could checklist 1 hundred factors why baking bread at house is a excellent thought. Chief amid them is that your house will in no way smell far more comforting or homey than when a loaf of bread is increasing to golden perfection in your oven.
All the other reasons like the subtle nutty taste and added fiber in your diet program are great, too, but oh, my word, the smell of freshly baked bread is to an adult what petting a kitten is to child—all comfort and love. That nostalgia is difficult to beat.
MY ADAPTATION: Entire WHEAT BREAD
My mom-in-law’s bread is made with lard, water, granulated sugar, and white all-goal flour. It yields a loaf that is tall and soft, however sturdy.
For my version of this recipe, I wanted to make a complete wheat sandwich bread with a soft crumb and light but sturdy texture. I’ve adapted my mother-in-law’s recipe by employing a mixture of complete wheat flour and bread flour. I’ve also substituted unsalted butter for the lard, and replaced the water in her recipe with milk.
Nearly thirty lbs of flour and 18 loaves of bread later, the end result is a sliceable sandwich loaf that is tender and slightly chewy with a golden crust that’s just thick sufficient to add entire body, but not so thick my youngsters insist I cut it off.
So far, I’ve created PB&J, cold turkey sandwiches, grilled cheese, French toast, stuffed French toast and typical toast with butter and jam. The bread has held up superbly in every single circumstance.
Straightforward HOMEMADE Total WHEAT BREAD
You can make this complete wheat bread, also. It’s easier than you think.
Begin in the morning, and you can have two loaves of freshly baked bread cooling on your countertop by lunch. It only takes 20 minutes of hands-on time. The rest is just growing and baking.
EXPERIMENTING TO Find THE Best LOAF
In an attempt to make this recipe as simple and foolproof as attainable, I tried different starters, yeasts, sugars, liquids, and flours.
By blending complete wheat flour and bread flour, I developed a nutty-flavored bread with a light and soft texture, perfect for a sandwich. Feel cost-free to experiment and adjust the flour ratios to your liking. Preserve in mind that complete wheat flour reacts differently than bread flour. If you adjust the flour ratios you might also want to experiment with the quantity of moisture you add to the dough.
HOW TO KNEAD THE DOUGH
When it comes to bread, hydration is great. I have a tendency to err on the side of a wetter dough merely due to the fact it’s simpler to add a lot more flour to dough than it is to add more water.
If the dough feels as well moist when you knead, use a bench scraper to help scrape the dough off the counter. Dust the counter and your hands with a tablespoon of bread flour at a time right up until the dough feels tacky, but not sticky.
If the dough ends up feeling dry and is difficult to knead, you can add a lot more moisture by sprinkling your kneading surface with water as if you had been dusting it with flour. Then knead in the water. It’s tough to knead slimy dough, nonetheless, so use only a minor water at a time.
HOW TO KNOW WHEN THE BREAD DOUGH HAS RISEN
The shaped loaves are ready for the oven when they have doubled in size and you can touch the top or make a small reduce with a paring knife without the dough collapsing.
If it collapses, the dough has above proofed. In this circumstance, you can do a single of two factors:
If all else fails, cry a little. Then start again. It’s only bread. Probabilities are your family members will consume it even if it isn’t ideal. (Speaking from expertise here. Ahem.)
HOW TO Store AND FREEZE BREAD
If your day will get away from you and you don’t have time to bake your loaves, just cover the bowl and area the dough in the refrigerator for up to 24 hours. Finish the remaining methods when you’re prepared.
You can also freeze the dough soon after you’ve completed kneading it, but ahead of you start the 1st rise. Here’s what to do:
To freeze the baked loaves, permit the bread to awesome totally. Wrap the bread in foil, then place it inside a zip-prime bag. Take away as significantly air as attainable.
The bread will hold in the freezer for up to three months. When ready to consume, transfer bread from the freezer to the countertop, keeping it in the wrapping. It will thaw in about three hrs. | https://friendsthroughfood.com/whole-wheat-bread/ |
June 19, 2017
Hippie Bread got its start in the 1970s and makes the perfect bread for sandwiches or to serve alongside a rustic supper. This bread is chewy and moist and can be spread with any topping you please.
Hippie Bread
Pat, the speech pathologist at my school, brought loaves of Hippie Bread to share at our end of the school year luncheon. I had never heard of or tasted Hippie Bread, but since I set up the luncheon I was able to snag a piece before it was all gone. I slathered it with butter and savored every bite.
6 cups bleached or unbleached flour
1 tablespoon salt
3¼ cups lukewarm water
½ teaspoon yeast
2 tablespoons butter, melted
Sesame seeds
Dump all ingredients into a large bowl and stir well with a spoon. Cover with a dishtowel as well as a lid or a plate. Let sit overnight or longer. Do not stir or knead dough.
When ready to bake preheat oven to 350 degrees and then simply divide dough evenly into three greased loaf pans. Non-stick spray works well. Sprinkle one or more loaves with sesame seeds before baking. Bake immediately for 30 minutes. Remove bread from pans and then place bread directly on oven rack. Bake for 15-20 minutes longer.
Cool loaves thoroughly on cooling racks. | http://carrollspaper.com/Content/Local-News-Archive/Our-Family-Favorites/Article/Flour-power-A-groovy-kind-of-bread/1/406/24784 |
(vegan baking + other minor obsessions)
I am selectively lazy. The way I see it, baking your own sourdough from scratch is a worthy endeavour, but kneading, punching down dough and shaping loaves… hmm, not so sure about that. I do look at the beautifully shaped epi baguettes and fougasses in blogs, books and bakeries with admiration for their craft, but to bake regularly at home I want a simple go-to recipe that gives me a full sourdough flavour with minimum effort. Ta-dah… Lazygirl Sourdough.
My starting point was the Light Rye Bread recipe in Bread by Jeffrey Hamelman, a book I can’t recommend enough. If you are serious about bread and want to learn all the science, techniques, how’s and why’s, it’s all in there. From there, I worked on simplifying the recipe as much as possible, to see how many shortcuts I could get away with and still end up with great bread.
To make this bread you will need a sourdough starter – borrow from a friend or plan a little in advance and make your own – the method I use is here. Also necessary: a stand mixer, 2 loaf tins (I use these) and a set of scales. It is very reluctantly that I give cup measurements in this recipe – weighing will guarantee consistent results.
When making the sourdough, I mix in all the mature sourdough culture I have (anything from 1 tbsp to 1 cup), let it rest overnight, then the following morning weigh out the amount that is needed for the batch of bread and put the rest in a clean container in the fridge – and consider it ‘fed’ for the week. Thus if I bake once a week, the sourdough never needs to be fed, which is a bonus. I use wheat- or rye-based sourdough interchangeably.
Remember to mix the sourdough the night before to let it develop overnight, and choose for baking a day when you will be at home, so you can give the bread its time to rise and be ready when it’s ready. And finally, practice makes perfect. With bread as with much of baking, you learn more from making the same recipe over and over than you would from baking a new recipe every time. Enjoy!
Makes: 2 large loaves
Sourdough
150g/1½ cups wholegrain rye flour
120g/½ cup water
1tbsp–1 cup mature sourdough culture (see note above)
Final Dough
540g/scant 2¼ cups warm water
20g/1 tbsp sea salt
850g/6¾ cups strong bread flour
1½ tsp instant dry yeast
270g/1¾ cups sourdough
2 cups seeds (sunflower, pumpkin, etc.) or cooked whole grains (optional)
Make the Sourdough
1. The night before baking the bread, mix the sourdough ingredients in an airtight container which has some extra space for the mixture to bubble and grow. Cover and leave to rest at room temperature overnight. I usually prepare this mixture around 10pm.
Final Dough + Baking
1. The following morning (around 8am?) put the water and salt in the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with a dough hook and mix until the salt dissolves. Add the flour, yeast and 270g/1¾ cups of the sourdough mixture (refrigerate the rest in an airtight container for the next batch) and seeds or grains if using. Mix at minimum speed until everything is combined, then go up a speed and mix for 2 minutes.
2. Grease two 12 x 20cm/5 x 8in loaf tins. Divide the dough equally between the two tins and push it down with the tip of a spatula to form a roughly even layer.
Wrap the loaf tins in two layers of plastic bag or cling film and leave to rise in a warm spot in your kitchen for about 1½–2 hours (if you have a dehydrator, this is another great use for it: set it to the lowest temperature, put a bowl of water on the base, and set the wrapped loaves above it).
3. Put a shelf in the centre of the oven and a baking tray on the oven floor.
4. Check the dough: when it has doubled in size and is coming up to between one-half and two-thirds of the height of the tins, turn the oven on to the first temperature – see table below – and bring some water to the boil. If the dough doesn’t seem ready, give it another half hour and check again – times can vary greatly depending on how lively is your sourdough culture and what the room temperature is. If the dough has risen a lot more, put it in a cooler place while you wait for the oven to heat up. Score 2 or 3 diagonal cuts on each loaf – don’t be shy, you can go quite deep – I use an oiled dough scraper to do this.
5. When the oven has come to temperature, put the loaves in and carefully pour 250ml/1 cup boiling water into the baking tray, using an oven glove to protect your hand. Close the oven and bake according to the table.
|oven type||
|
conventional
|
|
fan-assisted/convection
|start baking at||
|
230°C/460°F for 15 minutes
|
|
210°C/415°F for 11 minutes
|then lower heat and continue baking||
|
220°C/440°F for 20–25 minutes
|
|
200°C/400°F for 17 minutes
6. Remove the loaves from the oven, run a spatula or knife around the sides of each and turn them out of the tins. Leave to cool completely on a cooling rack before cutting – if you can! | https://vixbakes.com/2013/05/29/lazygirl-sourdough/ |
Sourdough Bread with 31% Freshly-milled Whole Wheat Flour
Today's bake is loosely based on Ken Forkish's "Overnight Country Brown." I increased the levain and did the "overnight" in the fridge after dividing and shaping rather than in bulk at room temperature. Well, the hydration is higher too - 85.5 versus 78%. The result is a moderately sour, crusty loaf with a fairly open, deliciously moist and tender crumb. The flavor is more straight ahead wheaty than my favorite multigrain sourdough, but this is also a spectacularly delicious bread. I had some almost cooled with a light smear of butter, along with a bowl of split pea soup for lunch.
Here is the formula and method and some photos:
Sourdough Bread with 31% Home-Milled Whole Wheat Flour
David M. Snyder
January, 2022
Total Dough
Ingredient
Wt (g)
Bakers' %
Bread Flour
675
67.5
Whole Wheat flour
314
31.4
Water
855
85.5
Salt
21
2.1
Total
1865
186.5
Note: The whole grain wheat,is milled in a Mockmill 100 mill set at its finest setting. The flour is milled immediately before mixing.
Levain
Ingredient
Wt (g)
Bakers' %
Bread flour (hi protein)
144
75
Whole Wheat flour
36
25
Water
144
75
Active starter
36
25
Total
360
200
Dissolve the starter in the water. Add the flours and mix thoroughly.
Transfer to a clean container, cover and ferment until ripe. If you don't use it immediately, it can be kept in the refrigerator for up to 3 days.
Final Dough
Ingredient
Wt (g)
Bread flour (AP)
524
Whole Wheat flour
276
Water (85-95ºF)
684
Salt
21
Active levain
360
Total
1865
Procedures
Mix the flours with the water to a shaggy mass.
Cover and let sit at room temperature for 20-60 minutes. (Autolyse)
Sprinkle the salt over the dough surface and add the levain in 4 to 6 portions.
Mix thoroughly. (I start by folding in the salt and levain with a silicon spatula. Then, I use the method Forkish specifies – squeezing the dough between my fingers alternating with stretch and folds in the bowl. I wear a food service grade glove and dip my working hand frequently in water.)
Transfer the dough to a lightly oiled, clean bowl large enough to accommodate doubling in volume. Cover well.
Ferment at 80ºF for 3 – 3.5 hours with stretch and folds in the bowl at 30 and 60 minutes, then a stretch and fold on the board at 1:45-2:00 hours. The dough should have nearly doubled in volume and be quite puffy.
Transfer the dough to a well-floured board.
Divide the dough as desired and pre-shape in rounds. Cover with a cloth and let rest for 20-30 minutes.
Shape as boules or bâtards and place in floured bannetons. Place these in food-grade plastic bags sealed with ties and let proof for 30-60 minutes at room temperature. Refrigerate 8 hours or up to 36 hours at 40ºF.
The next day, pre-heat oven. Let the loaves sit at room temperature while the oven pre-heats. You can bake on a baking stone with steam for the first part of the bake, or in Dutch ovens, as you prefer. The oven temperature and length of the bake will depend on which of these methods you choose and on the weight and shape of your loaves, as well as on how dark you prefer your crust. When done, the loaves should sound hollow when thumped on their bottoms. The internal temperature should be at least 205ºF.
Let the loves cool completely on a rack for 1-2 hours before slicing.
I baked in Cast Iron Dutch ovens at 475ºF for 30 minutes covered, then 20 minutes un-covered at 460ºF.
Happy baking! | https://tfl.thefreshloaf.com/node/69738/surdough-bread-31-freshlymilled-whole-wheat-flour |
Jump to example project themes.
Chalmers is now building a quantum computer and you can contribute to this development! Quantum computers are machines first envisioned by Richard Feynman to solve numerical and simulation problems that would take millennia even with the fastest supercomputers. Quantum algorithms make use of spooky quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to reach this speed-up, and this is why blue chip companies, such as Google, Microsoft and IBM and several research institutes are now investing in quantum computation. This is an interdisciplinary effort spanning from quantum hardware design, nanofabrication, microwave engineering to algorithm development and numerical simulations. We call this the full stack quantum computation, which connects the special quantum hardware enclosed at very low temperatures close to the absolute zero point all the way to the user interface. We seek for talented students who are interested in learning about this emerging field and want to be involved in the forefront of ongoing research activities.
The course will span from September to December in 2021. First, a series of lectures will provide you with the background information on quantum mechanics, quantum algorithms and hardware. The individual technical projects will then span for the rest of the semester. For the general learning objectives, see TRA105 on the student portal.
You will have the opportunity to participate in a project directly relating to ongoing research activities on quantum nanoscience and technology at the Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2) and the Wallenberg Centre for Quantum Technology (WACQT) at Chalmers. You will work in small project teams, which, together with the lecturers, formulate relevant technical questions at different levels of the quantum computing stack spanning from cryogenic hardware to quantum algorithms. The technical work will be regularly discussed over the course period and will conclude with a final written report and presentation.
We welcome master students from all educational programs at Chalmers with sufficient mathematical and physics background, which includes linear algebra and electrodynamics. Some experience in programming and solid state physics is beneficial. Individual projects may benefit from additional knowledge for example in computer algorithms, statistical mechanics, chemistry, signal processing or electronic circuit design.
If you are interested, send a short motivation letter where you tell us about your background and the type of project you are interested in! Please also include your course transcripts. Send the application material to by 15th June 2021. We will select up to 20 applicants and at least 5 students have to sign up for the course to start.
Below you find a few possible project titles with keywords. The actual projects will always be tailored by the students and the teachers, and we always welcome new suggestions!
Microwave engineering, PCB design, finite element modeling and simulations.
Measurement and control, scripting, interfacing with the software stack.
Design of quantum device holder, optimization of thermalization properties. Shielding and microwave filter design for a given frequency band.
Thin film fabrication in a clean room environment, superconducting material and process optimization.
Real-time qubit feedback, FPGA development.
Optimize control pulses to achieve certain gates based on an abstract model of the quantum processing unit (QPU). Verify the algorithm by applying the control pulses to an actual QPU. | http://geresdi-lab.org/education/quantum_tracks.html |
Quantum Computer: Hello, Music!
Author
Subject
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
Quantum computing is emerging as a promising technology, which is built on the principles of subatomic physics. By the time of writing, fully fledged practical quantum computers are not widely available. But research and development are advancing rapidly. Various software simulators are already available. And a few companies have already started to provide access to quantum hardware via the cloud. These initiatives have enabled experiments with quantum computing to tackle some realistic problems in science; e.g., in chemistry and cryptography. In spite of continuing progress in developing increasingly more sophisticated hardware and software, research in quantum computing has been focusing primarily on developing scientific applications. Up till now there has been virtually no research activity aimed at widening the range of applications of this technology beyond science and engineering. In particular applications for the entertainment industry and creative economies. This article introduces a new field of research, which is referred to as Quantum Computer Music. This research is aimed at the development of quantum computing tools and approaches to creating, performing, listening to and distributing music. The article begins with a brief historical background. Then, it introduces the notion of algorithmic music and presents two quantum computer music systems: a singing voice synthesiser and a musical sequencer based on quantum walk. A primer on quantum computing is also given. The chapter ends with a concluding discussion and advice for further work to develop this new exciting area of research.
Collections
Author URL
The following license files are associated with this item: | https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/handle/10026.1/15954 |
Quantum Brilliance is the world leader in room-temperature quantum computing using synthetic diamonds. Our unique vision is to make quantum computing available as an everyday technology, from data centres to remote and mobile systems like autonomous robots and satellites. In contrast to quantum computers that fill a room, we are developing quantum accelerators with more compute power than a classical supercomputer but in a form factor smaller than a lunchbox.
Founded in 2019 by leaders in diamond quantum science from the Australian National University, we are a full-stack quantum computing company. An Australia-German company, our HQs are in Canberra and Stuttgart, with additional locations across Australia and southern Germany. We are working with global technology leaders to develop quantum computing applications, integrate quantum hardware with high-performance computing, solve materials science challenges and develop ultra-precise semiconductor manufacturing and quantum control techniques. We are backed by leading venture capital funds and major research and technology institutes.
Mission
The Embedded Software Team Leader is a critical member of the company’s control systems research and development team. You will be the direct line manager for a small team of software and systems engineers in our lab in Canberra. This team are responsible for developing the control systems for our quantum computer hardware and typically have expertise in embedded software, FPGA design, electronics, and work closely with our Lab Team to develop the required hardware control and data processing capabilities. Most team members have a background in software/system engineering or physics research. We are looking for an experienced line manager whose primary responsibility is to guide the Control Team’s success. You will deal with multiple stakeholders within the company and, depending on your expertise and interests, you could have responsibilities in technical leadership and strategic considerations.
Job Summary
Your roles and responsibilities will include:
- Leading a team of software and systems engineers
- Supporting the growth and career development of individuals in the team
- Building and maintaining a positive team culture and morale
- Responding to the needs of your team and the needs of the company
- Understanding and preparing for the needs of upcoming projects
- Ensuring the team has sufficient capability to execute projects (including hiring and upskilling)
- Conducting performance reviews
About you:
- Degree Qualification in Science, Software Engineering, Computer Science, or similar
- 3+ years R&D or research experience
- 2+ years team leadership experience (ideally an R&D or research team)
- Experience with embedded systems, FPGA, Python and/or electronics
- Previous experience in a start-up is a bonus
- Able to anticipate the needs of upcoming projects and envision projects from start to finish
- Excited about emerging technology
- Excellent communication skills and able to deal with multiple internal stakeholders
- Ability to juggle multiple competing tasks
- Ability to coach teams through the ups and downs of startup life
- An advocate of agile workstyle and diversity
- Not afraid to wear various hats and interested in helping shape and sustain a progressive organisational culture
We are committed to creating a diverse and inclusive work environment; hence we are proud to be an equal opportunity employer. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, colour, religion, gender, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, national origin, genetics, disability, age, or veteran status.
We are aware that some individuals tend to only apply for jobs when they meet 100% of the criteria. If you think you have what it takes, but don't necessarily meet every single point on the job description, please still get in touch. We'd love to have a chat and see if you could be a great fit! | https://startupgalaxy.com.au/jobs/details/d4ec7ec7-fa26-4fc7-95e5-42b60afe02c6 |
Ali Javadi-Abhari (IBM) - Scaling Quantum Computation via Software/Hardware Co-designReturn to Full Calendar
- Date(s):
- February 25, 2021 at 1:00pm - 2:00pm
- Location:
- Live Stream
- Event Audience:
- all
Speaker: Ali Javadi-Abhari Research Staff Member and Manager of the Quantum Compiler Group, IBM
Ali Javadi-Abhari is a Research Staff Member and Manager of the Quantum Compiler group at IBM. His research interests are in compiler and architecture issues in quantum computing, especially as they pertain to extracting the most performance from noisy hardware. He was one of the principal architects of the Scaffold programming language and the Qiskit quantum information science package. He leads the compilation sub-thrust of the Co-design Center for Quantum Advantage, as part of the National Quantum Initiative. He received his PhD in computer science from Princeton in 2017.
Abstract: Scaling Quantum Computation via Software/Hardware Co-design
Quantum computing is based on the insight that certain computationally hard problems have a structure that maps naturally to the quantum mechanical behavior of particles in nature. By building and controlling "qubits", one can manipulate highly entangled states to arrive at solutions for certain problems with exponential speedup over best-known classical alternatives. Qubits are notoriously hard to control and isolate, however, which leads to an assortment of errors that can quickly corrupt computation.
In this talk I will show evidence that a hardware/software co-design approach can push the boundary of feasible quantum computation. In other words, by gaining insight into the types of noise that arise in hardware (using characterization or other means), and also the structure of the problem, we can tailor a software stack and architecture that greatly relieve the hardware from stringent accuracy requirements. I will illustrate this through examples from quantum phase estimation, quantum volume, and quantum chemistry.
I will conclude with some remarks about language support for enabling better programmability and optimization on near-term quantum computers. I will introduce our recent work on the OpenQASM dialect that acts as a multi-level circuit representation and IR. I will show examples of the types of programs that can be written using the new version of this language, including how gradual levels of hardware specificity can be introduced into the code to capture design intent but keep code portable. I will also contemplate the usefulness of IRs beyond QASM-style circuits. | https://cs.uchicago.edu/calendar/event/1198/ |
Computer-generated holograms (CGHs) are used relatively often to test aspheric surfaces in the case of medium and high lot sizes. Until now differently modified measurement setups for optical form testing interferometry have been presented, like subaperture stitching interferometry and scanning interferometry. In contrast, for testing low to medium lot sizes in research and development, a variety of other tactile and nontactile measurement methods have been developed. In the case of CGH-based interferometric form testing, measurement deviations in the region of several tens of nanometers typically occur. Deviations arise especially due to a nonperfect alignment of the asphere relative to the testing wavefront. Therefore, the null test is user- and adjustment-dependent, which results in insufficient repeatability and reproducibility of the form errors. When adjusting a CGH, an operator usually performs a minimization of the spatial frequency of the fringe pattern. An adjustment to the ideal position, however, often cannot be performed with sufficient precision by the operator as the position of minimum spatial fringe density is often not unique, which also depends on the asphere. Thus, the scientific and technical objectives of this paper comprise the development of a simulation-based approach to explain and quantify typical experimental errors due to misalignment of the specimen toward a CGH in an optical form testing measurement system. A further step is the programming of an iterative method to realize a virtual optimized realignment of the system on the basis of Zernike polynomial decomposition, which should allow for the calculation of the measured form for an ideal alignment and thus a careful subtraction of a typical alignment-based form error. To validate the simulation-based findings, a series of systematic experiments is performed with a recently developed hexapod positioning system in order to allow an exact and reproducible positioning of the optical CGH-based setup. Additionally a CGH phase function using an exact geometric model is compared to the other approaches. The phase function is utilized to enhance the overall reliability of the sensitivity functions with regard to alignment errors in interferometric testing. | https://www.osapublishing.org/ao/abstract.cfm?uri=ao-53-35-8249 |
The rise of the COVID-19 outbreak has made handling plastic waste much more difficult. Our superior, hyper-hygienic way of life has changed our behavioural patterns, such as the use of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment), the increased desire for plastic-packaged food and commodities, and the use of disposable utensils, as a result of the fear of transmission. The constraints and inefficiencies of our current waste management system, in dealing with our growing reliance on plastic, could worsen its mismanagement and leakage into the environment, causing a new environmental crisis. A sustainable, systemic, and hierarchical plastic management plan, which clearly outlines the respective responsibilities as well as the socioeconomic and environmental implications of these actions, is required to tackle the problem of plastic pollution. It will necessitate action strategies tailored to individual types of plastic waste and country demand, as well as increased support from policymakers and the general public. The situation of biomedical plastic wastes during the COVID-19 epidemic is alarming. In addition, treatment of plastic waste, sterilisation, incineration, and alternative technologies for transforming bio-plastic waste into value-added products were discussed, elaborately. Our review would help to promote sustainable technologies to manage plastic waste, which can only be achieved with a change in behaviour among individuals and society, which might help to safeguard against going from one disaster to another in the coming days.
ABSTRACT
Background and objectives: The Indian population faces numerous challenges to attain better oral hygiene due to a lack of oral health literacy. For the past 10 years, the prevalence of dental-related conditions in India has become a considerable problem in every state of India. A health-education-based oral health promotion strategy will be an ideal choice for the Indian population instead of endorsing conventional oral health promotion. The use of unsuitable tools to measure may lead to misleading and vague findings that might result in a flawed plan for cessation programs and deceitful effectiveness. Therefore, the research aimed to develop and validate an instrument that can assess the oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior (KAB) of adults in India. Materials and Methods: This study was carried among adults in India, who live in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. A questionnaire was fabricated and then validated using content, face, as well as construct. The knowledge domain was validated using item response theory analysis (IRT), whereas exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to validate the behavior domain and attitude. Results: Four principal sections, i.e., knowledge, attitude, demography and behavior, were used to fabricate a questionnaire following validation. Following analysis of item response theory on the knowledge domain, all analyzed items in the domain were within the ideal range of difficulty and discrimination. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was 0.65 for the attitude and 0.66 for the behavior domain. A Bartlett's test of sphericity was conducted and demonstrated that outcomes for both domains were highly significant (p < 0.001). The factor analysis resulted in three factors with a total of eight items in the attitude domain and three factors with a total of seven items in the behavior domain depicting satisfactory factor loading (>0.3). Across the three factors, i.e., knowledge, attitude and behavior, internal consistency reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha, and the values obtained were 0.67, 0.87, 0.67, and 0.88, respectively. Conclusions: The findings of this study that assessed validity and reliability showed that the developed questionnaire had an acceptable psychometric property for measuring oral health KAB among adults in India.
Subject(s)Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Oral Health , Adult , Humans , India , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and Questionnaires
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Healthcare workers in general are at a high risk of potential infections with COVID-19, especially those who work with aerosol generating procedures. Dentists fall in this category, as not only do they operate with aerosol generating procedures but also operate within a face-to-face contact area. METHODS: A structured self-administered questionnaire was developed at Najran University and provided to the participants for data collection. The data collected included information on risk perception and incorporation of measures for protection against COVID-19 to gauge the attitude of dentists during this period. Also, clinical implementation of various protective measures was reviewed. RESULTS: Of the n = 322 dentists that answered the questions, 50% were general dentists and 28.9% were dentists working at specialist clinics, while the remaining 21.1% of dentists were employed in academic institutions. Among the newer additions to the clinic, 36.3% of dentists answered that they had added atomizers to their practices, followed by 26.4% of dentists that had incorporated the use of UV lamps for sterilization. We found that 18.9% dentists were using HEPA filters in their clinics, while 9.9% of dentists were making use of fumigation devices to control the risk of infection. One-way ANOVA was also carried out to demonstrate that there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.049) between groups of dentists utilizing HEPA filters, UV lamps, atomizers, and fumigation devices to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV2 across their workplaces. CONCLUSION: Dentists are aware of recently updated knowledge about the modes of transmission of COVID-19 and the recommended infection control measures in dental settings. A better understanding of the situation and methods to prevent it will ensure that the dental community is able to provide healthcare services to patients during the pandemic. | https://search.bvsalud.org/global-literature-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/?lang=en&q=au:%22Selvaraj,%20Siddharthan%22 |
A. Carpen-Amarie, A. Rougier, F. Lübbe:
"Stepping Stones to Reproducible Research: A Study of Current Practices in Parallel Computing";
Talk: 1st International Workshop on Reproducibility in Parallel Computing (REPPAR 2014) in conjunction with Euro-Par 2014, Porto Portugal; 2014-08-25 - 2014-08-29; in: "Euro-Par 2014: Parallel Processing Workshops - Euro-Par 2014 International Workshops, Revised Selected Papers, Part I, LNCS 8805", L. Lopes, J. Zilinskas, A. Costan, R. Cascella, G. Kecskemeti, E. Jeannot, M. Cannataro, L. Ricci, S. Benkner, S. Petit, V. Scarano, J. Gracia, S. Hunold, S. Scott, S. Lankes, C. Lengauer, J. Carretero, J. Breitbart, M. Alexander (ed.); Springer International Publishing, LNCS 8805 (2014), ISBN: 978-3-319-14324-8; 499 - 510.
Experimental research plays an important role in parallel computing, as in this field scientific discovery often relies on experimental findings, which complement and validate theoretical models. However, parallel hardware and applications have become extremely complex to study, due to their diversity and rapid evolution. Furthermore, applications are designed to run on thousands of nodes, often spanning across several programming models and generating large amounts of data. In this context, reproducibility is essential to foster reliable scientific results. In this paper we aim at studying the requirements and pitfalls of each stage of experimental research, from data acquisition to data analysis, with respect to achieving reproducible results. We investigate state-of-the-art experimental practices in parallel computing by conducting a survey on the papers published in EuroMPI 2013, a major conference targeting the MPI community. Our findings show that while there is a clear concern for reproducibility in the parallel computing community, a better understanding of the criteria for achieving it is necessary. | https://publik.tuwien.ac.at/showentry.php?ID=235392&lang=6 |
Functional connectivity in the basal ganglia network differentiates PD patients from controls.
Szewczyk-Krolikowski K., Menke RAL., Rolinski M., Duff E., Salimi-Khorshidi G., Filippini N., Zamboni G., Hu MTM., Mackay CE.
OBJECTIVE: To examine functional connectivity within the basal ganglia network (BGN) in a group of cognitively normal patients with early Parkinson disease (PD) on and off medication compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC), and to validate the findings in a separate cohort of participants with PD. METHODS: Participants were scanned with resting-state fMRI (RS-fMRI) at 3T field strength. Resting-state networks were isolated using independent component analysis. A BGN template was derived from 80 elderly HC participants. BGN maps were compared between 19 patients with PD on and off medication in the discovery group and 19 age- and sex-matched controls to identify a threshold for optimal group separation. The threshold was applied to 13 patients with PD (including 5 drug-naive) in the validation group to establish reproducibility of findings. RESULTS: Participants with PD showed reduced functional connectivity with the BGN in a wide range of areas. Administration of medication significantly improved connectivity. Average BGN connectivity differentiated participants with PD from controls with 100% sensitivity and 89.5% specificity. The connectivity threshold was tested on the validation cohort and achieved 85% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that resting functional connectivity, measured with MRI using an observer-independent method, is reproducibly reduced in the BGN in cognitively intact patients with PD, and increases upon administration of dopaminergic medication. Our results hold promise for RS-fMRI connectivity as a biomarker in early PD. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class III evidence that average connectivity in the BGN as measured by RS-fMRI distinguishes patients with PD from age- and sex-matched controls. | https://www.dpag.ox.ac.uk/publications/469351 |
This illustration shows the location of the sediment in the semicircular canals after a repositioning maneuver has been performed.
Treatment is canal specific and is determined by the results of the Dix-Hallpike and Roll Tests. The most effective treatment for posterior canal BPPV is a particle repositioning maneuver commonly called the Epley maneuver. The maneuver consists of the practitioner moving the patient's head through sequential positions in an attempt to move the displaced otoconia out of the semicircular canal. The practitioner may prescribe the home Epley maneuver to enhance the effectiveness of the treatment. Although anterior and lateral canal BPPV are less common, they can be treated with other repositioning maneuvers. | http://earsite.com/benign-paroxysmal-positional-vertigo-treatment |
What is Benign Positional Vertigo?
Benign positional vertigo (BPPV) is characterized by spells of vertigo, lasting less than 1 minute that occurs when the patient moves the head into particular positions. Typically this occurs with looking up, lying down or rolling over in bed. This particular type of vertigo is caused by a problem with the balance system of the inner ear (the labyrinth). It is thought that debris (called canaliths or “ear rocks”) break off due to a jarring of the inner ear and subsequently collects in the inner ear.
How is it diagnosed?
The physical therapist evaluation to determine BPPV includes the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), subjective exam to qualify “dizziness” and performing the Dix Hallpike Test, to determine the side of involvement (confirmed by the observation of torsional nystagmus). This exam will differentiate BPPV from other disorders such as Disequilibrium, Meniere’s Disease and Vestibular Neuronitis. If indicated, further diagnostic testing can be ordered – such as an EMG or MRI.
How is it treated in Physical Therapy?
Physical maneuvers have proved helpful, such as Epley Maneuver / Canalith Repositioning Maneuvers (CRP), Brandt-Daroff Exercises, and Liberatory (Semont) Maneuver. Home instructions following Epley / CRP are stressed. Lastly, it is important to perform a complete assessment of the cervical and cranial base regions to identify any joint or soft tissue dysfunctions that may be contributing to the patient’s symptoms.
Are there any risks with this treatment?
Precautions, noted for the Epley and CRP procedure are high blood pressure, neck and/or back problems, and history of detached retina. A few patients may experience nausea while the canaliths are being repositioned. It is possible that short-term dizziness may occur right after the treatment, but there is usually immediate relief from the “spinning” sensation.
Is there rehabilitation treatment for other dizzy disorders?
Dysequilibrium, loss of balance from primary equilibrium sensory systems and/or the central relay system in the brain can be treated with Balance Retraining. Central Dizziness (change of blood flow within the brain), and Vestibulopathy (change in output of balance portions of the inner ear), can be effectively treated with Vestibular Rehabilitation.
What is Vestibular Rehabilitation?
VR is a combination of adaptation (i.e. gait with head movements), adaptation & substitution (i.e. standing ankle sways) and substitution (i.e. stepping patterns) along with BPPV treatment as appropriate. | https://pptsonline.com/services/vestibular-program/ |
Standing up too quickly, spinning around in an office chair one too many times, becoming overheated – there are many potential causes behind feeling the room is spinning. One of the most common is a condition known as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, or BPPV. The condition usually isn’t life threatening or serious, but can certainly be a major inconvenience for those dealing with it.
An Inner Ear Problem
BPPV is ultimately an inner ear issue. It can cause dizzy spells, depending on how your head is positioned. Usually, it affects people when they are lying down, turning over in bed, or looking up.
Your ear contains a substance called otoconia, which are calcium carbonate crystals. These crystals are supposed to be attached to the utricle, which is a part of your inner ear. Occasionally, these break loose from the utricle and wind up in one of the patient’s ear canals. Once they’re in the canal, they can interfere with some of the very sensitive nerve endings in the inner ear, irritating them when the patient moves his or her head a specific way and causing the feeling of dizziness. These crystals can come loose after a head injury, following ear surgery, due to inner ear issues, or conditions like Meniere’s disease. Other symptoms such as nausea, light-headedness, or feeling off balance might present themselves as well.
Neck Manipulations Offer Relief
While BPPV is frustrating and inconvenient, it can typically be treated easily and without medication. The most common way to treat benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is through a series of neck manipulations, usually carried out by a physician, called the Epley maneuver. This process involves moving the neck and head in four specific positions in a specific order. Each position is held for between 30 seconds to one minute, and is designed to help the carbonate crystals move back through the ear canal and out to the utricle, where they’re supposed to be. If the Epley maneuver doesn’t work, there’s a similar method called the Semont maneuver. The Semont maneuver is one the patient does and involves rapidly moving the body from one side to the other while lying down. This often helps move the otoconia through the ear canal.
Don’t Ignore Dizziness
If you feel dizzy, there’s a good chance it isn’t life threatening, like BPPV, but it can be a symptom of serious medical conditions like a heart attack or stroke. If you feel dizzy, and it’s lasting longer than a few seconds, have someone take you to the doctor. Your doctor will likely do a few tests and ask some questions to determine if what you’re experiencing is BPPV. If it is, they will probably show you the proper way to carry out the Epley or Semont maneuvers and might potentially recommend medications if you’re experiencing nausea as a result of the vertigo.
Don’t attempt to drive. If you’re home alone, call 911 and have someone from emergency medical services check you out. If necessary, they’ll transport you to a hospital.
After your BPPV goes away, try sleeping with two pillows instead of one. You should also avoid sleeping on the affected side and not turning your head too far up or down. If you’re still having trouble, a neck pillow that encircles the back and sides of your neck might help you keep your neck in a more stable position. A physician may have other recommendations you should follow.
Dr. Prasad is a board-certified Ear, Nose, and Throat specialist at Kelsey-Seybold’s Fort Bend Medical and Diagnostic Center. His clinical interests include snoring, sleep apnea, dizziness, allergy/sinus disorders, hearing problems, thyroid disorders, and salivary disorders. | https://blog.kelsey-seybold.com/health-and-wellness/room-spinning-vertigo-might-be-the-culprit |
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is an inner ear problem that results in severe, short-lasting bursts of “room-spinning” vertigo which occur with changes in head position. It starts suddenly and is usually first noticed in bed when rolling over or waking from sleep.
BPPV is caused by the dislodging of small calcium carbonate crystals called otoconia that become trapped in the fluid of the balance canals in the inner ear. Gravity and head movements cause the otoconia to shift in the canals, causing vertigo. This is often a result of head trauma or a severe cold.
BPPV is a very common cause of vertigo and is often easily diagnosed and treated during a routine office visit. Treatment consists of sequential movement of the head into four positions, maintaining each position for approximately one minute. This moves the otoconia from their offending position, eliminating symptoms. This process is known as the Epley Maneuver, or the Canolith Repositioning Procedure, and is a highly successful treatment for BPPV. | https://flotogroup.com/services/hearing-and-balance/bppv-testing-treatment/ |
Ever turned over in bed and the room began to spin? It might have been Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV). This is a very distressing condition, and much more common than you imagine. If you have it, after you move in a particular way, you feel that the room spins around you and you cannot stop it. It is like being so drunk that when you lie down on the bed the spinning rotation is so bad you grip the edges of the bed to stop falling off? That is what BPPV is like – but without the hangover the next morning!
The symptoms of BPPV include the dizziness (vertigo), lightheadedness, imbalance, and nausea. Activities that bring on symptoms will vary, but are almost always produced by a rapid change of position of the head. Getting out of bed or turning over in bed are common ‘problem’ motions. Because people with BPPV often feel dizzy and unsteady when they tip their heads back to look up, BPPV is sometimes called ‘top shelf vertigo.’ Women with BPPV may find that having a shampoo can bring on the symptoms. It also tends to be recurrent. So until you read further, don’t look up or get your hair washed!
To understand BPPV, you have to understand the workings of your inner ear. You have three semi-circular canals aligned in different directions, which act like spirit levels (the builders type, not the three fingers on the glass barman type) which have cells with fine hairs bathed with fluid as your head moves in different directions. The movement of the fine hairs sends electrical impulses to the brain to tell it (and you) which way is “up”.
However, with BPPV, the natural movement inside the semi-circular canals is disrupted, so the fine hairs send the wrong signals to the brain, and being unable to work out which way is really “up” the sufferer falls over, totally unable to save themselves from hitting the floor. Debilitating and embarrassing! Ask anyone who has had BPPV.
The commonest cause of interruption to the normal ebb and flow in the semi-circular canals is produced by something we have called “ear rocks”. These are made up of crystals of calcium carbonate, and we medicos call these ear rocks “otoconia”. Imagine these rocks to be like sugar crystals in the bottom of your coffee cup. These now swish around every time you move your cup, and likewise your “ear rocks” swish around every time you move your head.
However, it is not all that simple (it never is, is it?) as the commonest cause of BPPV in people under 50 is head injury. In older people, the most common cause is degeneration in the semi-circular canals of the inner ear. BPPV becomes much more common with advancing age, but in 50 percent of all cases, BPPV is called ‘idiopathic’, which is a fancy word we use when we don’t know!
Viruses can be accused too, such as those causing vestibular neuritis, minor strokes such as those involving anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) syndrome, and Meniere’s disease are significant but unusual causes. Occasionally BPPV follows surgery, where the cause is felt to be from a prolonged period of lying on the back with the chin raised (for the anaesthetic tubes to slip down your throat), or ear trauma when the surgery is to the inner ear. The simple situation is that we can make the diagnosis, but it can be harder for us to exactly pinpoint the cause. To make it even harder, an intermittent pattern is common. Your BPPV may be present for a few weeks, then stop, but then come back again.
Is there any treatment? Yes there is, if ear rocks are the cause. Treatment usually consists of a series of maneuvers you are put through which are designed to move the ‘ear rocks’ around till they no longer cause problems. These are demonstrated by the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) specialists and usually result in around a 90 percent cure rate. The most common is called the Epley maneuver or the particle repositioning or canalith repositioning procedure, but have your ENT specialist show you how to do this. | https://www.pattayamail.com/modernmedicine/going-round-in-circles-27329 |
Lie down onto one side and get in that place in as comfortable a manner as possible. “I took one tablet in the middle of the afternoon and immediately slept for five hours” she said. “I was very unsteady on my feet and weaving all over the area,” she explained. “It was very embarrassing,” explained Kuhlman, 66. “I needed to hold onto things merely to keep from falling apart . There are some star players that have a huge fan base globally. The championship match has to be scheduled between two groups no later than week 17 of the NFL season. Near the close of the season he suffered a serious accident, which restricted his appearances the following term, playing only seven days and scoring a single goal before his contract was terminated by mutual consent. Many older adults take several drugs; dizziness might be a side effect of one or the end consequence of an interaction between medication. Dizziness may stem from a selection of issues, such as problems affecting the inner ear, brain, eyes, nervous system, cardiovascular disease or center, all which are susceptible to aging-related modifications, according to Kathleen Stross, PT, an neurological and vestibular therapist.
“As we age, as our eyesight changes our hearing may be affected, the circulatory system ages too and might not function as well as it did when we’re younger,” explained Stross. The bars, the bars and the restaurants are all ready when Hong Kong shifts its face for a whole weekend. Many movie depictions of this treatment for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo can be found; some are wrong. How can you do exactly the Epley maneuver to deal with vertigo? Epley’s Maneuver isn’t appropriate gor people with cervical spine issues or pathologies and also in case of acute vertigo. “The way people describe it can definitely change, 해외선물 하는법 therefore I request patients to tell me the way they are feeling without using the word ‘dizzy,'” said Stross.
In this example, the ideal posterior semicircular canal has been treated. This video illustrates how to do a more modified Epley maneuver to take care of abandoned sided posterior canal BPPV canalithiasis. If a rightsided canalithiasis is suspected, perform the measures but with the mind rotated 45 degrees to the right during the first step (i.e. HallpikeDix testing position) and progress from the contrary direction as demonstrated in the movie. Although he fought to stand over ordinary his initial two seasons, he began to emerge throughout the subsequent two, setting career highs in points and rebounds during his fourth season. The group Dio entered the ranks of the immortals together with their very first record, Holy Diver, antique tracks from start to finish. Dizziness can influence anyone, but older individuals are more prone-about 70 percent of individuals over 65 have suffered from it at some form.However these four varieties of apartments are inaccessible together at any given new residential jobs except at Ethos II Undri where one can get 1, Several BHK flats of various sizes to fulfill components of their buyers. Accurate diagnosis can be challenging. Patients can assist their medical providers to diagnose the cause more accurately by giving a clear description of the nausea. The Red Devils appeared to be following Hernandez for several weeks and they chose to make the move for him prior to the World Cup until he became more costly to obtain. So if I order a couple of pairs shipping is free, but if I need to purchase more than a pair from you it is going to be 35 more? Epley maneuver is also sometimes called as Canalith Repositioning Maneuver or CRP, is a collection of head movements or drills utilized in BPPV in order to elongate the crystal debris (canaliths) in order that they don’t put in the sensitive areas of the inner ear. . The Epley maneuver is also referred to as the particle repositioning or canalith repositioning process – it was invented by Dr. John Epley, also can be illustrated below; The Epley maneuver involves successive movement of the mind into four places, staying in every place for approximately 30 minutes. | http://mplace.schoold.co.za/tag/%EC%A3%BC%EC%8B%9D-%EC%84%A0%EB%AC%BC/ |
What Is Epley Maneuver?
In This Article
- 1 What Is Epley Maneuver?
- 2 Symptoms
- 3 Causes
- 4 When to See The Doctor?
- 5 How to Prepare For The Procedure?
- 6 How is Epley Maneuver is Performed?
- 7 What should I do to Succeed In Epley Maneuver Exercises?
- 8 Risk Factors
- 9 What to Consider After Epley Maneuver?
- 10 What Next if you Still Feel Dizzy After Exercise?
Epley maneuver refers to a sequence of movements conducted on the head to treat benign positional vertigo. Benign positional vertigo or benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is an abrupt feeling that you are spinning or the inside of your head is rotating.
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV happens when you have a problem with your inner ear. It is caused when little deposits of small bones called canaliths break and float inside the canals of your inner ear. This disrupts the flow of message to the brain creating confusion about your body’s position hence causing benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is more common in people who are more than 50 years of age, but all ages are affected. It is more prevalent in women than men.
Epley maneuver procedure is conducted to remove the canaliths floating in the canal so as to stop the symptoms or vertigo that a person experiences when the small calcium deposits remain there. 1
Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of benign positional vertigo include
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Dizziness
- Balance loss or unsteady balance
- Feeling of your head spinning or moving
These symptoms of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo can last less than one minute. However its occurrence is usually recurrent; it disappears for sometimes and then recurs.
Causes
There are various activities that can cause benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) but vary from one person to another. Activities that can change the position of your head usually cause benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).You can feel dizzy when you change your head position; turn your head up and down, turn and sit on the bed or lie down. Some people can loss balance when they are walking or standing.
Nystagmus
These refer to abnormal, fast and uncontrollable eye movements’ .These movements can be side to side (horizontal), up and down (vertical) or rotational. Spontaneous eye movements are caused by unusual function of regions in the brain that control your eye movements. This also affects the labyrinth, the inner part of your ear to sense eye movements.
Nystagmus can result from inherited eye disorders although this is very rare. Drugs and medications such as Phenytoin and consuming too much alcohol can impair labyrinth function leading to Nystagmus.
Other causes
- Labyrinthitis, a disorder of the inner ear.
- A head injury
- Stroke
- Lack of Thiamine, Thiamine is Vitamin B 1used to treat brain damage called cerebellar syndrome.
When to See The Doctor?
See your doctor immediately if you feel dizzy and accompanied with any of the following symptoms:
- Loss of vision
- Loss of hearing
- Difficulty in walking
- Trouble to speak
- High body temperature, Fever
- Acute headache
- Weakness in your leg or arm.
How to Prepare For The Procedure?
Before you make an official appointment to see your doctor, do the following:
- Use a notebook to write all the symptoms you have been experiencing. Remember to include the dates you started experiencing these symptoms and how often they repeat.
- Remember and note all injuries including minor accidents to your head.
- Compile a list of your medical history by writing all the information about the diseases and condition you have been or being treated for. Include also the medicines or any other supplements you are using for treatment.
This information will help your doctor make informed decisions on whether to conduct this procedure or not .Your doctor cannot conduct this procedure on you if have a spine problem or had a recent neck injury. In case your symptoms are very acute, your doctor will prescribe some medication for you to minimize anxiety and nausea.
How is Epley Maneuver is Performed?
You can do Epley maneuver at home or seek for a health professional help. The following are steps you can follow to perform Epley maneuver by yourself.
Step 1
Sit on the bed with your legs flat on the bed in front of you. Then rotate your head to the affected side.
Step 2
Lie down on you back with the head in the same position. At this point, you may experience intense symptoms of vertigo.
Step 3
Move your head towards the opposite side.
Step 4
Turn your body so that it is facing the same direction as your head. You can do this by rolling over on your other side so that your body and head are facing to the side.
Step 5
Then sit up
You may need to repeat these steps for several times to effectively treat the symptoms.
What should I do to Succeed In Epley Maneuver Exercises?
If you have never done Epley maneuver exercises, consult your doctor to avoid doing the wrong exercise. You doctor will show you the right way of doing the Epley maneuver.
Risk Factors
During Epley maneuver, you can experience the following:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Intense vertigo symptoms
What to Consider After Epley Maneuver?
When you finish conducting Epley Maneuver exercises, avoid the following that could worsen the situation:
- Do not bend over
- Do not sleep on the affected side because this could aggravate the symptoms.
What Next if you Still Feel Dizzy After Exercise?
If you experience dizziness after doing Epley maneuver at home, visit your doctor immediately. Your doctor will determine if you are doing correct exercises or discuss other treatment options. Some of the treatment options include:
Canalith maneuvers
Your doctor will conduct on you a series of specific head and body movements to remove calcium deposits from the canal to the other part of the inner ear.
Motion sickness medications
Your doctor will prescribe the following Motion sickness medications.
Scopolamine
This drug is used to relieve you from motion sickness symptoms such as nausea. This drug should be used at least 30 minutes before you have been exposed to motion exercises. The drug is place placed behind your ear on a clean hairless region.
Perform other tests
Your doctor will conduct tests to find out other problems causing dizziness. The doctor will determine whether you have the following:
Ear infections
An ear infection is caused by bacteria or virus which affects your middle ear, the part of your ear behind the eardrum. This leads to swelling or blockage of one of your Eustachian tubes that causes fluids to accumulate in your middle ear. Your doctor will conduct a physical examination on your ear by using an instrument called otoscope. If no cause has been found, your doctor will conduct further tests such as analyzing a sample of fluid in your ear to find out if bacteria are present.
The Epley maneuver is considered a safe procedure though it can lead to mild effects like short term dizziness and feeling of nausea. While the procedure may be successful, it is likely that BPPV can return again. When that happens, the procedure can be repeated and it doesn’t take long. It can be safely performed in the office of a doctor, for example. 7
References
- Epley maneuver. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007662.htm
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0025000/
- Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022338/
- http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vertigo/basics/definition/con-20028216
- Epley maneuver. http://keckmedicine.adam.com/content.aspx?productId=117&pid=1&gid=007662
- Ear infections. http://www.healthline.com/health/ear-infections?m=2#Overview1. | https://healthmaza.com/epley-maneuver/ |
Table of Contents
A medication called betahistine operate in a similar way to antihistamines. It has been used to deal with Mnire's disease and may also be utilized for other balance problems. It might need to be considered an extended period of time. The advantageous results differ from individual to individual. Security If you have vertigo, there are some safety issues to consider.
You ought to prevent driving if you have actually just recently had episodes of vertigo and there's a chance you might have another episode while you're driving. It's your legal obligation to notify the Motorist and Automobile Licensing Agency (DVLA) about a medical condition that might impact your driving ability. Go to the GOV.UK website for more details on driving with a special needs.
The otoconia will not trigger an issue when found in an SCC up until the individual's head changes position, such as when looking up or down, going from lying to seated or lying to seated in bed, or when rolling over in bed. The otoconia transfer to the least expensive part of the canal, which triggers the fluid to stream within the SCC, stimulating the balance (8th cranial) nerve and triggering vertigo and leaping eyes (nystagmus).
The symptoms can be extremely stressful. Vertigo can cause the individual to feel rather ill with queasiness and vomiting.
The onset of BPPV might be abrupt and frightening. Individuals might think they are seriously ill; for instance, they might fear they are having a stroke. A physician's medical diagnosis of BPPV can be assuring, specifically when people comprehend that assistance is offered to relieve their symptoms. Without treatment, the typical course of the health problem is decreasing of signs over a duration of days to weeks, and sometimes there is spontaneous resolution of the condition.
What brings on BPPV? In many individuals, especially older grownups, there is no specific occasion that causes BPPV to take place, however there are some things that may cause an attack: Mild to severe head trauma Keeping the head in the very same position for a long time, such as in the dentist chair, at the charm salon or throughout strict bed rest Bike riding on rough tracks High intensity aerobics Other inner ear illness (ischemic, inflammatory, infectious) BPPV Diagnosis Diagnosing BPPV involves taking a comprehensive history of an individual's health.
An MRI or CT scan of the brain is generally unneeded. A doctor's medical diagnosis of BPPV can be reassuring, especially when the patient comprehends that aid is available to ease the signs. Even without treatment, the typical course of the health problem is minimizing of signs over a duration of days to weeks, and in some cases there is spontaneous resolution of the condition.
After Epley maneuver treatment, the client might begin strolling with care. She or he should avoid putting the head back, or bending far forward (for instance, to connect shoes) for the rest of the day. Sleeping on the side of the impacted ear needs to be avoided for several days. If the crystals are in a location other than the posterior semicircular canal, slightly various maneuvers may be used, however they are based on the exact same concept of moving the stones out of the offending semicircular canal.
Other Treatments for BPPV Generally no medications are required for BPPV unless the patient has extreme nausea or vomiting. If extreme queasiness is present, the medical professional may prescribe or administer anti-nausea medications, especially if the person would not have the ability to tolerate repositioning maneuvers otherwise. Surgical treatment is hardly ever essential to treat this condition.
Treatment for vertigo depends upon the medical diagnosis and might consist of medications or surgical treatment, along with physical treatment to improve stabilization, re-train the brain and ease symptoms.
In some clients, the exact underlying cause of BPPV is unidentified. Scientists think that a lot of cases of BPPV are caused by abnormalities affecting the inner ear. The inner ear consists of the cochlea, which transforms sound pressure from the outer ear into nerve impulses that are sent out to the brain through the acoustic canal.
As the endolymph moves through the canals, it promotes the hair cells of the cupula triggering vertigo and nystagmus. When the head is not moving, the crystals (and therefore the endolymph) do not move. Consequently, there is no stimulation of the cupula and no associated vertigo or nystagmus. | https://balance-disorder-exercises.pinwarrior.com/how-to-stop-dizziness/signs-symptoms-vertigo-elderly-uhlDDU1GMsvi |
Singular/Plural of nouns ending in ‘ics’
A number of words ending in ‘ics’ which are plural in form, normally take a singular verb; e.g.
|1. acoustics||3. classics||5. ethics||7. linguistics||9. physics|
|2. athletics||4. electronics||6. genetics||8. mathematics||10. politics|
|11. statistics|
ACOUSTICS = the branch of physics concerned with the properties of sound. CLASSICS = a subject at school or university which involves the study of ancient Greek and Latin literature, philosophy, and history; e.g. an honours degree in Classics. ETHICS = the branch of knowledge that deals with moral principles. LINGUISTICS = The study of the nature, structure, and variation of language, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, sociolinguistics, and pragmatics
a) Mathematics is not an easy subject.
b) Mathematics is my favourite study.
c) Economics is one of the oldest of the social sciences.
d) Politics plays a big role in our life.
NOTE: But when these nouns are preceded by THE or any POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE (my, our, your, his, her, etc.) they take plural verbs; e.g.
a) Her mathematics are weak.
b) Your mathematics are not very good. | https://www.examscomp.com/singular-plural-of-nouns-ending-in-ics/ |
Way to Go: Brandon Epstein, Dix Hills
A Dix Hills high school student's love of languages earned him a spot as one of the nation's top teens in the linguistics field.
Brandon Epstein, a junior at Half Hollow Hills High School West, was one of eight U.S. students competing in the International Linguistics Olympiad in Beijing during the summer. He earned an honorable mention and his team placed third.
The event featured 160 students from 40 countries decoding problems written in obscure languages.
To reach that level, Epstein, 15, placed fifth nationally out of about 2,000 students in the North American Computational Linguistics Olympiad. The contest, held locally at Stony Brook University, challenged students to solve a series of puzzles in computational linguistics, a branch of linguistics in which the techniques of computer science are applied to the analysis and synthesis of language and speech.
"I always like to learn about languages and see what kind of properties they hold," Epstein said.
Epstein's other achievements include qualifying for the USA Junior Mathematics Olympiad, studying music composition at The Juilliard School in Manhattan and attending the Columbia University Science Honors Program. | https://www.newsday.com/long-island/suffolk/way-to-go-brandon-epstein-dix-hills-1.9405857 |
From the USA to Matfyz to Study Linguistics
Shadasha Williams comes from New Jersey and now is one of the students who attend lectures at Lesser Town lecture rooms since last October. She studies Computational Linguistics there. She is also the second international student who was given a scholarship by the Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics and the School of Computer Science of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University.
You graduated from Montclair State University with bachelor’s degree in linguistics. What impressed you in computational linguistics? Why did you choose this specialization?
The options of working with a B.A. in linguistics were limited in my opinion. I understood that I did not want to pursue a career in translating, teaching, or speech pathology. Montclair State offered courses for a certificate in Computational Linguistics, so I took these courses out of interest, and the applications introduced to me seemed promising. Computational linguistics offers an opportunity to continue working with language in a more exciting way. Whether it is speech generation or sentiment analysis, I knew I wanted to take part in some of the technology that is currently coming from natural language processing (NLP) careers/applications.
Why did you decide to study this field at the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics?
This was more so a matter of chance because I was placed here from the Language & Communication Technologies (LCT). I applied and was accepted to the LCT program, and placed at Charles University for my first year. I was later informed by the Charles University contact of the LCT about the scholarship and decided to apply separate from the LCT program. After some research thereafter, I understood that the Matfyz program for this specialization was very technical, but I feel that because I come from a linguistic background, this university would provide me with the skills I need to succeed in NLP.
Computational linguistics is a field where several disciplines meet. What do linguistics and computer science have in common?
While there is usually a stark difference in the subjects of humanities and empirical sciences, the shift between linguistics and computer science isn’t as strong as one would think. Linguistics usually requires logic for understanding syntax, lambda calculus for semantics, and a rule based framework for phonology, among other things. So I think between these two disciplines there is a bit of overlap, and throughout my courses I learned both disciplines in parallel, and could make comparisons to my more technical courses and my linguistics courses.
What do you like about studying at the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics? And on the other hand is there anything difficult for you to get used to?
One of my favorite things about studying at the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics is that many of my professors work on very interesting NLP projects. Most of them are dedicated to their personal projects and are constantly working while teaching. This shows us how our education can be implemented in the real world, rather than simply theoretically.
As the program goes on, I realize that the content strays further from theoretical linguistics and closer to NLP models, applications, and implementations. This has been my biggest challenge because I am constantly studying to understand the baseline knowledge that many of my peers with a computer science background are expected to have. Nonetheless, I understand this won’t always be the case, as it is a part of the learning process.
From your point of view what are the main differences between Czech and American universities?
There are quite a lot of differences, but my opinion may be tainted because I am experiencing not only differences between American and Czech universities, but also differences between graduate and undergraduate studies. I think the starkest differences are the testing and grading. Czech students have more freedom in choosing when their final exams occur. In the U.S., all final exams are taken in a span of a week or so, after the last classes of the semester. They are generally set dates and students don’t have scheduling options. The grading is also different – previously, most of my grades were based on my performance in class, participation, attendance, and assignments, with roughly 30% of the final grade being based on the final exam. At Charles University, the coursework is oftentimes seen as credit to take the final exam, and are disregarded afterward, so the only grade attained is the exam score.
Do you see any difference between the way of teaching and the form that lectures and seminars have? American students are said to be more used to discussing and to raising the questions during lectures…
I don't believe that there is much difference, the classroom etiquette is generally the same in both Czech and American universities. I do think that the teaching style of the lectures really is dependent on the subject, as in some courses the themes are up for discussion. On the other hand my courses are quite technical, so there is not much up for discussion. When my classmates have a question or need some clarification they too raise their hand and ask the professor.
How common is it for the US students to spend some part of their undergraduate or graduate studies abroad?
I think it is very common for students to study abroad, especially in Europe. While this is much more popular for undergraduate than for graduate programs, it’s quite common. In fact, a few of my friends came to Prague for a semester during their undergraduate studies.
Why is Europe so popular among the US students? The USA have many prestigious universities…
I think that Europe is popular among Americans because it allows them to explore other countries, step outside of their comfort zone, and it is oftentimes less of a culture-shock than many cities in Asia, Africa and South America. Also, many undergraduate programs allow a semester abroad, but not a semester at another U.S. university.
What attracted you to study in Europe?
The work that is being done in Europe is what attracted me to studying here – linguistics is a niche and computational linguistics more so. When I learned that there are quite a few European universities with respected NLP graduate programs with a much lower cost than in the U.S., I realized it made more sense to study here.
Computational linguistics at Matfyz is a two-year program. What are your next plans?
I would like to find work after this program and see what the NLP industry has to offer. The thought of going forward with a Ph.D. has crossed my mind, but I will only pursue this if I know exactly what I want to specialize in. I am still unsure if I will go back to the U.S., as it really depends on the job market and my personal interests over the next year and a half. | https://www.mff.cuni.cz/en/public/news/from-the-usa-to-matfyz-to-study-linguistics |
as many branches as possible without losing too much depth and precision.
Russell and Norvig’s book [RN10] is more or less the standard introduction into
AI. However, since this book has 1,152 pages, and since it is too extensive and
costly for most students, the requirements for writing this book were clear: it should
be an accessible introduction to modern AI for self-study or as the foundation of a
four-hour lecture, with at most 300 pages. The result is in front of you.
In the space of 300 pages, a field as extensive as AI cannot be fully covered.
To avoid turning the book into a table of contents, I have attempted to go into some
depth and to introduce concrete algorithms and applications in each of the following
branches: agents, logic, search, reasoning with uncertainty, machine learning, and
neural networks.
The fields of image processing, fuzzy logic, and natural language processing are
not covered in detail. The field of image processing, which is important for all of
computer science, is a stand-alone discipline with very good textbooks, such as
[GW08]. Natural language processing has a similar status. In recognizing and generating
text and spoken language, methods from logic, probabilistic reasoning, and
neural networks are applied. In this sense this field is part of AI. On the other hand,
computer linguistics is its own extensive branch of computer science and has much
in common with formal languages. In this book we will point to such appropriate
systems in several places, but not give a systematic introduction. For a first introduction
in this field, we refer to Chaps. 22 and 23 in [RN10]. Fuzzy logic, or fuzzy set
theory, has developed into a branch of control theory due to its primary application
in automation technology and is covered in the corresponding books and lectures.
Therefore we will forego an introduction here.
Applies lean manufacturing principles across the cloud service delivery chain to enable application and infrastructure service providers to sustainably achieve the shortest lead time, best quality, and value
–Michael Newbery, IP Architect, TelstraClear Limited
“This book provides a wealth of information on current and...
By any measure, the Pythagorean theorem is the most famous statement in all of mathematics, one remembered from high school geometry class by even the most math-phobic students. Well over four hundred proofs are known to exist, including ones by a twelve-year-old Einstein, a young blind girl, Leonardo da Vinci, and a future president of the... | https://www.pdfchm.net/book/introduction-to-artificial-intelligence-undergraduate-topics-in-computer-science/9780857292988/ |
Born in 1802 in Kolozsvár, Hungary (now Cluj, Romania),
János' father was a mathematician and a friend of Gauss, and wanted his son to become mathematician too. He was a bright boy by all accounts, and was interested in mathematics and astronomy from an early age. He completed the Royal Engineering College course in Vienna and entered the army to work on fortifications at Temesvár. János aparently was very good at languages too, and on his entry to the army was noted to speak nine languages, including Chinese and Tibetan.
János had a relatively unhappy life: he only ever published the most important work in geometry that was probably published in the whole 19th century as an appendix to his father's work, and never got a position that was worthy of his abilities.
click on the picture for a bigger copy
When he died, he left about 20 000 pages of manuscripts on mathematics, the nature of knowledge, on linguistics and even sociology. These are now deposited in the Bolyai-Teleki library in Tirgu-Mures.
Bolyai is famous for his invention of non-Euclidean geometry.
|
|
Find more about non-Euclidean geometry.
Click on the picture below to see who was Lobachevsky.
See what system Euclidean geometry is based on.
See all the topics on geometry here.
Or just click on the mathematical tree to explore some other branch of mathematics. | http://genie-from-klein-bottle.com/people/bolyai.htm |
Insightful projects to master deep learning and neural network architectures using Python and Keras
This volume includes a variety of first-hand case studies, critical analyses, action research and reflective practice in the digital humanities which ranges from digital literature, library science, online games, museum studies, information literacy to corpus linguistics in the 21st century. It informs readers of the latest...
Chinese is a discourse-oriented language and the underlying mechanisms of the language involve encoding and decoding so the language can be correctly delivered and understood. To date, there has been a lack of consolidation at the discourse level such that a reference framework for understanding the language in a top-down fashion is...
This...
This book discusses a variety of topics related to industrial and applied mathematics, focusing on wavelet theory, sampling theorems, inverse problems and their applications, partial differential equations as a model of real-world problems, computational linguistics, mathematical models and methods for meteorology, earth systems,...
Word sense disambiguation is a core research problem in computational
linguistics, which was recognized at the beginning of the scientific interest
in machine translation and artificial intelligence. And yet no book has been
fully devoted to review the wide variety of approaches to solving the problem.
The time is right for such a...
The fourth edition of the International Conference on Geospatial Semantics
(GeoS 2011) was held in Brest, France, during May 12–13, 2011.
Geospatial semantics (GEOS) is an emerging research area in the domain of
geographic information science. It aims at exploring strategies, computational
methods, and tools to support...
'Metonymy' is a type of figurative language used in everyday conversation, a form of shorthand that allows us to use our shared knowledge to communicate with fewer words than we would otherwise need. 'I'll pencil you in' and 'let me give you a hand' are both examples of metonymic language. Metonymy serves a wide...
Discrete Mathematics and its Applications, Seventh Edition, is intended for one- or two-term introductory discrete mathematics courses taken by students from a wide variety of majors, including computer science, mathematics, and engineering. This renowned best-selling text, which has been used at over 500 institutions around the world,... | https://www.pdfchm.net/tag/linguistics/ |
Science & Technology
Science - systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment, a system of knowledge of general laws obtained through scientific method, which provides testable explanations and predictions about the universe.
Technology - the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
Science
Formal Sciences
The formal sciences are concerned with the properties of formal systems based on definitions and rules: mathematics, logic, statistics, systems theory, decision theory, game theory, theoretical linguistics, information theory, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence.
- Mathematics, a synonym of formal science:
- arithmetic - the study of quantity,
- algebra - the study of structure,
- geometry - the study of space,
- analysis - the study of change;
- Logic, the study of the relations that lead to the acceptance of the conclusion on the basis of premises, the analysis and appraisal of arguments.
- classification of arguments,
- validity of deductive and inductive reasoning,
- formal proofs and inference,
- paradoxes and fallacies,
- syntax and semantics;
- Statistics, the study of the collection, organization, and interpretation of data.
- Systems theory, the study of systems in general, specifically of self-regulating systems that are self-correcting through feedback.
- Decision theory, the theory of choice, the study of an agent's choices.
- normative decision theory determines the optimal decisions given constraints and assumptions,
- descriptive decision theory analyzes how agents make the decisions.
- Game theory, the study of mathematical models of strategic interactions among rational agents, the science of logical decision making in humans, animals, and computers.
- Theoretical linguistics, the theory of language, the branch of linguistics which inquires into the nature of language.
- Information theory, the scientific study of the quantification, storage, and communication of digital information, the field at the intersection of probability theory, statistics, computer science, statistical mechanics, information engineering, and electrical engineering.
A key measure in information theory is entropy. Entropy quantifies the amount of uncertainty involved in the value of a random variable or the outcome of a random process.
- Theoretical computer science, focuses on mathematical topics of computing, and includes the theory of computation.
- Artificial intelligence, the study of systems that perceive their environment and take actions that maximize their chances of achieving their goals.
Natural Science
Physical Sciences
- Physics, the general analysis of nature, a study of matter and its motion through spacetime.
- Chemistry, the science of matter and its changes, concerned with its composition, reactions, structure, and properties, that studies substances, atoms, molecules.
Geoscience, the planetary science of the Earth.
- Geology, the science of solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed.
- Oceanography, the marine science that studies the ocean.
- Meteorology, the study of the atmosphere.
- Astronomy, is the study of outer space.
Life Science - Biology
Biology studies life, organisms, their physical structure, chemical processes, molecular interactions, physiological mechanisms, development, and evolution.
Living organisms are open systems that survive by transforming energy and decreasing their local entropy to maintain a stable and vital condition defined as homeostasis.
- Biochemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.
- Microbiology, the study of microorganisms:
- unicellular (single cell),
- multicellular (cell colony),
- acellular (lacking cells).
- Botany, phytology, the science of plants.
- Zoology, studies animals.
- Ecology, studies interactions among organisms and their biophysical environment.
Social Sciences
Social science studies societies and the relationships among individuals: sociology, anthropology, archaeology, economics, human geography, linguistics, political science, psychology.
Applied Science
Applied sciences use existing scientific knowledge for practical goals.
- Actuarial science—applies mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk in the insurance, finance, and other industries;
- Agricultural science;
- Agronomy – producing and using plants for food, fuel, feed, fiber, and reclamation;
- Agriculture – science of farming;
- Food science – technical aspects of foods;
- Forestry – managing forests and tree plantations;
- Horticulture – intensive plant cultivation;
- Permaculture – ecological design and ecological engineering for developing sustainable human settlements and self-maintained agricultural systems modeled from natural ecosystems.
- Architecture – planning, designing and construction buildings or other structures.
- Computing technology – computer hardware and software, and computing methods.
- Education – any act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind, character, or physical ability of an individual, the process by which society transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills, and values from one generation to another.
- Electronics – electrical circuits that involve active electrical components.
- Energy technology – extraction, conversion, transportation, storage, and use of energy.
- Engineering –designing and building structures, machines, devices, systems, materials, and processes.
- Environmental science – study of the environment.
- Forensic science – answer questions for legal system.
- Health science – delivery of healthcare, medicine.
- Applied linguistics – solutions to language-related problems.
- Management – getting people together to accomplish desired goals, using available resources efficiently and effectively (accounting, finance, marketing, operations, etc.).
- Applied mathematics – mathematical methods that are used in business, and industry.
- Microtechnology – production and manipulation of structures with one-micrometre magnitude (one millionth of a metre, 1μm).
- Military science – war and armed conflict.
- Applied physics – physics intended for a particular technological or practical use.
- Space Science – space exploration and natural phenomena in outer space.
- Spatial science – surveying, geographic information systems, hydrography, and cartography. | https://lenanechet.com/life/narration/topic/science |
By:
David Eugene Smith
x
eBook
Reg. Price:
$23.99
Sale Price:
$19.19
Product Description
This work presents, in English translation, the great discoveries in mathematics from the Renaissance to the end of the nineteenth century. You are able to read the writings of Newton, Leibniz, Pascal, Riemann, Bernoulli, and others, exactly as the world saw them for the first time. Succinct selections from 125 different treatises and articles, most of them unavailable elsewhere in English, offer a vivid, firsthand story of the growth of mathematics. The articles are grouped in five sections:
I. The Field of Number. Twenty-four articles trace developments from the first steps in printed arithmetic through selected number systems, to the early phases of modern number theory.
II. The Field of Algebra. Eighteen articles on algebra include writings by Fermat, John Wallis, Newton, Leibniz, Abel, Galois, etc.
III. The Field of Geometry. Thirty-six articles on geometry span 500 years. Here are the early writers such as Fermat, Desargues, Pascal, and Descartes; and some of the men who revived the study in the nineteenth century and developed non-Euclidian forms: Lobachevsky, Bolyai, Riemann, and others.
IV. The Field of Probability. Selections from Fermat, Pascal, De Moivre, Legendre, Chebyshev, and Laplace discuss crucial topics in the early history of this branch of modern mathematics.
V. The Field of Calculus, Functions, and Quaternions. The development of the calculus, function theory, and quaternions is covered from early sources of calculus to important advances relating to the commutative law in quaternions and Ausdehnungslehre. This section contains works of Bessel, Mobius, W. R. Hamilton, Leibniz, Berkeley, Cauchy, Fermat, and six other pioneering mathematicians.
Each article is preceded by a biographical-historical Introduction.
Product Details
Availability
Instant
ISBN 10
0486158292
ISBN 13
9780486158297
Author/Editor
David Eugene Smith
Format
eBook
Page Count
736
Dimensions
5 3/8 x 8 1/2
Welcome
Log In
or
Register
Hello !!firstName!!
My Account
Buy Books
Art
Calla Editions™
Children's Books
Coloring Books
Cooking
Crafts
Creative Haven�
Engineering
Fashion and Costume
Gardening & Landscaping
History
Humor
Languages and Linguistics
Literature
Mathematics
Military
Music
Nature
Origami
Paper Dolls
Performing Arts
Philosophy and Religion
Photography
Physics
Puzzles & Mazes
Social Sciences
Sports & Outdoor
Teacher's Resources
Thrift Editions
Travel and Adventure
Women's Studies
Browse All
Download eBooks
American History
Antiques
Architecture & Design
Art
Astronomy
Biology and Medicine
Chemistry
Children's Books
Computer Science
Cooking
Crafts
Engineering
General Science
History
Languages and Linguistics
Literature
Mathematics
Military
Music
Philosophy and Religion
Physics
Teacher's Resources
Thrift Editions
Browse All
New Releases
Popular
On Sale
Teacher's Resources
Kits & Boxed Sets
Stickers
Craft Books
Gift Guide
Join Dover Rewards and Save - It's Free!
My Account
|
My Cart
About Dover
|
Shipping
|
Contact Us
|
Privacy
VIEW DESKTOP SITE
Copyright © 2014 Dover Publications.
All Rights Reserved.
Out of Stock Notification:
Receive notification when this item is back in stock
Notify Me
Coming Soon: | https://m.doverpublications.com/0486158292.html |
Confused about your exam or college applications?
Be the First to Know
Get Access to Latest Updates
Candidates who are exempted from the written test component are invited by the University of Hyderabad (UoH), Hyderabad to apply for its Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) programme offered in various areas for the session January 2016.
The university offers the Ph.D in areas such as Applied Mathematics, Physics, Electronic Science, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Plant Sciences, Animal Sciences, Philosophy, Translation Studies, Applied Linguistics, Science Technology & Society Studies, Earth & Space Sciences, Medical Science and Gender Studies.
The Eligibility Conditions
The candidate must have obtained 55% marks or equivalent grade in the Master’s degree in concerned or related subjects with UGC/CSIR/ICMR/ICAR/DBT/JRF/NBHM/RGNF/MANF/DST INSPIRE.
The Application Procedure
- The application form can be downloaded from website of the university.
- There is an application fee of Rs 350/-(Rs 150 for SC/ST/PWD (PH) candidates)
- The fee is only payable through a demand draft drawn in favour of the Finance Officer, University of Hyderabad, payable at State Bank of India, HU Campus Branch (Code: 5916) or at Andhra Bank, Nampally Branch (Hyderabad)( Code: 378).
The Selection Procedure
The selection of the candidates would be made considering the weightage for their JRF Qualification and their performance in the interview.
The Important Dates
Last date for the submission of application forms: Friday, January 15, 2016. | https://www.collegedekho.com/news/admission-notice-university-of-hyderabad-invites-application-for-phd-programs-2016-6878/ |
A favorably determination resulting from a completed background investigation is required for your placement in a position with CBP. Final determination of your suitability for the position will be determined by CBP's Office of Professional Responsibility.
Please view this message from Office of Professional Responsibility on the importance of being truthful and fully forthcoming during the hiring process, including when completing the background investigation and polygraph requirements.
Caption file: kinzig.srt
A background investigation is conducted to ensure that the candidate is suitable for employment, i.e. reliable, trustworthy, of good conduct and character, and loyal to the United States.
Adjudication is the evaluation of data contained in a background investigation, and/or any other available relevant reports, to determine whether an individual is suitable for federal employment or eligible for access to classified information.
Pre-employment investigative screening (such as the collection and review of fingerprints and the Questionnaire for National Security Positions, the polygraph exam, and the background investigation) can take up to 12 months, or longer. Although most issues are resolved, you cannot be authorized to enter-on-duty until all potentially disqualifying issues are resolved. If you do not provide accurate information or answer all of the questions on the background investigation forms, the process may be delayed. Some individuals have more complex backgrounds than others and, consequently, more time is required to conduct a complete investigation. Other factors that may delay the process are a candidate’s having resided in multiple geographic areas and having numerous past employers.
Suitability refers to an individual’s identifiable character traits and conduct that is sufficient to decide whether the individual’s employment or continued employment would or would not protect the integrity or promote the efficiency of the service. Suitability is distinguishable from a person’s ability to fulfill the qualification requirements of a job, as measured by experience, education, knowledge, and skills.
A security clearance is a determination that allows an employee access to classified information or systems when the employee has a “need to know.” A security clearance may be granted based on an administrative determination that an individual is eligible for access to classified information or systems based on the favorable security adjudication of a background investigation. Although all employees must meet the suitability requirements for employment, not all employees require a security clearance.
Suitability is always a consideration for Federal employment. All individuals employed by the Federal Government shall be reliable, trustworthy, of good conduct and character, and have complete and unswerving loyalty to the United States. This means that each employee appointed to a position in any department or agency of the government is subject to an investigation.
The background investigation will include credit and criminal history checks, records checks to verify citizenship of family members, verification of date of birth, education, employment history, and military history. Interviews of individuals who know the candidate and of any current or former spouse (divorced within the past ten years) will be conducted. Residences will be confirmed, neighbors interviewed, and public records queried for information about bankruptcies, divorces, and criminal or civil litigation. Additional interviews will be conducted, as needed, to resolve any inconsistencies or issues which have developed during the course of the investigation.
Yes. A personal interview with an investigator is part of the investigative process. You will be contacted in advance by telephone to arrange a time and location for the interview. Declining an interview may result in the cancellation of the investigation and the withdrawal of the tentative offer of employment.
The agency may remove an employee or disqualify applicants who materially and deliberately falsify or conceal information (such as the omission of arrests, drug use, employment, medical history, assets, and liabilities, etc.) on the background investigation documentation or who make false statements during the personal interview with the investigator. In addition, the U. S. Criminal Code (18 U.S.C. § 1001) provides that knowingly falsifying or concealing a material fact is a felony which may result in fines up to $10,000and/or 5 years imprisonment.
Some issues that may result in an unfavorable suitability determination include: financial irresponsibility; poor credit history; drug/alcohol abuse; arrest history; misconduct in prior employment; association with individuals involved in illegal activities such as drug use and drug trafficking; and demonstrated lack of honesty/integrity in providing complete and comprehensive information about current/past behavior which may be unfavorable. | https://www.cbp.gov/careers/car/bi |
What is a Top Secret/Sensitive Compartmented Information (TS SCI) security clearance and how does it work? The key to understanding SCI is to understand how security clearances work overall.
What many don’t understand is that even with a security clearance, an individual contractor, employee, uniformed service member, or even a commander may not be granted access to TS/SCI or other classified information on the basis of having the appropriate level of clearance alone.
Just because you have a Top Secret security clearance does not mean you automatically get access to anything marked Top Secret. Those without a need to know are generally not granted access even at the levels they are cleared for. Understanding this helps understand how TS/SCI works.
There are three basic levels of security clearance: Confidential, Secret, and Top Secret. Some things are classified at higher levels because of the potential damage that information could do to national interests if it were leaked; other types of information may not be as sensitive but the level of effort used to obtain it could warrant a higher level of classification.
And then there are the classifications such as TS/SCI, which are NOT security clearance levels such as Confidential, Secret, or Top Secret assigned to an employee or servicemember, but an additional layer of classification for information itself.
What Is TS/SCI
The U.S. Department of Commerce official site reminds, “Sensitive Compartmented Information (SCI) is information about certain intelligence sources and methods.” SCI may involve details or other data about “sensitive collection systems, analytical processing, and targeting, or which is derived from it.”
Access to TS/SCI information is permitted on a need-to-know basis for those who have been awarded the appropriate security clearance level. For example, those with a need to know AND a Top Secret clearance may be authorized to view TS/SCI rated material, but someone with only a Secret or Confidential clearance would not.
There are instances of Secret-level classified SCI, those with the appropriate clearance would be authorized to view such material but those without approved clearance levels would be required to obtain them prior to being given access to SCI.
Access To TS/SCI and related material may require the completion of a separate non-disclosure agreement. The agreement on file from the initial security clearance investigation may not be sufficient.
TS/SCI Access is always determined by the need to know. Those who hold high clearances (such as Top Secret) are not automatically authorized to handle or view SCI, they must be granted access first.
Working with TS/SCI
Those who are granted access to TS/SCI material soon learn that SCI materials must be stored according to federal regulations in a Sensitive Compartmented Information Facility (SCIF) that includes restricted access and different vetting procedures than for Controlled Area facilities. Even physical access to a location storing TS/SCI information requires prior approval.
Working in a job requiring access to, review of, or making products out of classified information is sometimes referred to as being different than working in a low-risk Public Trust job or position. “Pubic Trust” is not a security clearance, though sometimes government websites refer to it as such.
In the same way that TS/SCI itself is not a security clearance level, working in a Public Trust doesn’t require the same clearances you would need when handling information that could affect national security.
Those who need to work with TS/SCI often either handle existing documents or other items with existing security classifications, or make new “products” out of older information. New products created by these professionals are classified based on the level of classification of the source material.
The workers are not generating new classifications for these new products and are not generally responsible for determining what level things should be classified at.
Who Can Apply For Access To Top Secret/Sensitive Compartmented Information?
Those who have applied for security clearances must first be granted the appropriate clearance. You cannot be granted access to TS/SCI without being vetted and passing the background investigation necessary to be awarded a Confidential, Secret, or Top Secret clearance.
In most cases, TS/SCI access would be required in a job description, at the behest of the supervisor (who must provide written justification for the access) and a separate vetting body may be used to determine if the additional access is warranted.
Those who go through security clearance checks are required to observe personal conduct rules that are established as a condition of holding a security clearance. Those rules include self-reporting foreign contacts, travel, or interests as well as informing the vetting body about any concerns about co-workers or colleagues.
Submitting to a credit check and other investigative procedures is required to be granted access to TS/SCI depending on circumstances. It can take as long as 15 months to complete a full background check including approval for TS/SCI access. You may also be required to complete a polygraph test or other vetting procedures deemed appropriate at application time.
What If I Am Denied TS/SCI Clearance?
On paper, being denied a TS/SCI clearance may not necessarily result in a loss of the overall security clearance of the applicant (Confidential, Secret, Top Secret). But being unable to access TS/SCO can be a major issue for certain military career fields and civilian contractor work; it’s best to understand the issues that can stand in the way of a security clearance in general and assume even greater scrutiny for access to compartmented information.
Those who have difficulty qualifying for TS/SCI may need to ask some important questions about their ability to last in a career field they may not have full access to due to problems with clearance levels.
In certain cases, a secret project or even “black ops” projects may have SCI needs; certain agencies may waive certain restrictions or guidelines in the interest of such projects or actually increase the level of scrutiny depending.
But for most government employees, it’s safe to assume a similar level of attention for TS/SCI access as for Top Secret clearances in general. Some issues may be handled on a case-by-case basis, especially if there are “adjudicative issues” that may result in the government thinking twice about issuing a clearance. | https://militarybenefits.info/ts-sci-security-clearance/ |
For visitors who are U.S. citizens:
A visit request is MANDATORY for all visitors to NUWC Division Newport, government and civilian, regardless of the duration or classification of the visit.
Access to NUWC Division Newport will not be granted under any circumstances without a valid visit authorization request on file.
Due to the number of visit requests received, seven (7) days processing time is required for all visit requests whether received by JPAS of by FAX. Visitors who don't meet this requirement will not be guaranteed access.
Visitor Control - NUWC Newport Building 80 Lobby outside of NUWC Gate 23 Is open Monday- Friday from 7 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. (except holidays)
Note: All individuals NOT in possession of a Common Access Card (CAC), or a DEERS-issued military ID card (active duty, retired or dependent) will require a DBIDS card for access. No unescorted access will be granted without a CAC, a DEERS-issued military ID card (active duty, retired or dependent), or a valid DBIDS card. NCAC and TESLIN cards are accepted as well as CAC and DBIDS.
DBIDS cards are requested by the company submitting the SECNAV form 5512-1 to [email protected] or via the Secure Access File Exchange (call for more information). NUWC Division Newport Visitor Control consolidates all inputs and submits them to Naval Station Newport for vetting daily.
DO NOT SUBMIT THIS INFORMATION DIRECTLY TO NAVAL STATION NEWPORT.
DBIDS cards must be picked up AFTER obtaining the NUWC Division Newport visitor badge, and may only be picked up at the Naval Station Newport Pass and ID Office, located outside Naval Station Newport Gate 1. For DBIDS questions, contact Naval Station Pass and ID at 401-841-3126. For NUWC Division Newport questions, contact NUWC Visitor Control at 401-832-2152.
All visits to NUWC Division Newport are assumed to be unclassified unless otherwise stated. For contractors, a valid contract number must also be provided if the visit is of a classified nature.
Uncleared visitors requiring unescorted access must coordinate via their NUWC point of contact. Visit information and a SECNAV form 5512-1 must be submitted a minimum of seven (7) working days in advance of their visit to allow for vetting via the Region Vetting Center.
Principal Purpose: Information is obtained under DTM 09-012 to identify personnel working at activities where unescorted access to the facility may be required.
Routine Use: Information, including the social security number, date and place of birth, is used in verifying the individual’s identity and security clearance level. The information may be disclosed to those at the activity responsible for verifying clearance and unescorted access authorization.
Disclosure: Completion of a visit request authorization, including the disclosure of your social security number and date/place of birth is voluntary. Failure to provide all information, including the Social Security number and date/place of birth, may serve as a basis to deny access to the facility
Use of the Joint Personnel Adjudication System (JPAS) is the required method for submitting visit requests for cleared companies and individuals.
For non-SCI visits, the Security Management Office (SMO) for visits is 666045.
Include the Contract Number in the space allocated for the POC Phone Number. For SEAPORTe contracts, the Task Order number must also be included
Questions on non-SCI visits may be addressed to the NUWC Division Newport Security Division at 401-832-2551.
For SCI visits, the SMO is 666043.
Questions on SCI visits may be addressed to the SSO at 401-832-7955
For companies or agencies not on JPAS, a visit request on company letterhead must be FAXED to the NUWC Division Newport Security Division at 401-832-4396, or sent using the Secure Access File Exchange (SAFE) - call Security Division at 401-832-2551 for more information.
NOTE: As of Dec. 24, 2013, the DOD requires all individuals not associated with the U.S. military to provide two (2) forms of valid state or federal government issued identifications. For a list of acceptable forms please refer to the Form I-9, page 9.
Navy Marine Corps Intranet (NMCI)-issued laptops are permitted.
Visitors are authorized to transport and use NMCI-issued laptops onboard NUWC Division Newport property provided the user has a current and signed Property Pass (GSA Optional Form-7). Use of Wi-Fi (802.11) is not permitted. Users may connect to designated NMCI hotel ports to access the NMCI network.
Non-NUWC Division Newport owned computers are prohibited (excluding NMCI computers).
Request for approval can be made to the Information System Security Manager (ISSM) by completing this FORM.
This request must be completed and signed off by the NUWC government POC, NUWC department ISSO, and the Command ISSM, prior to transporting the computer on the base.
If the visitor has a valid visit request, and makes frequent trips, the form can be approved for up to one year or the expiration of the visit request, whichever occurs first. The approved document needs to be with the computer at all times while on base. | https://www.navsea.navy.mil/Home/Warfare-Centers/NUWC-Newport/Contact-Us/Mandatory-Visit-Request/ |
A security clearance is a status granted to individuals allowing them access to classified information or to restricted areas, after completion of a thorough background check.
A background check or background investigation is the process of looking up and compiling criminal records, commercial records, and financial records of an individual or an organization.
Classified information is material that a government body claims is sensitive information that requires protection of confidentiality, integrity, or availability.
Military Security Clearance: What to Expect by GingerSailor
The term "security clearance" is also sometimes used in private organizations that have a formal process to vet employees for access to sensitive information.
What to Expect During Your Security Clearance Background ... by ClearanceJobs
A clearance by itself is normally not sufficient to gain access; the organization must also determine that the cleared individual needs to know specific information.
No one is supposed to be granted automatic access to classified information solely because of rank, position, or a security clearance. | http://gossipsloth.com/article/security-clearance |
Rep. Huffman Introduces Protecting Access to Classified Information in Elections ActFrom McGuire's Office:
Washington, D.C.- Representatives Jared Huffman (D-CA), Hakeem Jeffries (D-NY), and Hank Johnson (D-GA) introduced the Protecting Access to Classified Information in Elections Act, new legislation to modernize and standardize the way candidates for President and Vice President are granted access to national security secrets.
Under longstanding practice, sitting Presidents have authorized candidates to receive classified briefings, as a way to ensure that no matter which candidate wins, he or she takes the oath of office with an understanding of the global and national security responsibilities of the office. However, those candidates have not been required to seek security clearances or undergo a background investigation. The Protecting Access to Classified Information in Elections Act would authorize and encourage candidates to be thoroughly vetted by a federal background investigation, and allow the candidate to publicize the fact that they have passed the vetting process.
“This week’s Manchurian moment begs the question: how did a presidential candidate with such potentially disqualifying baggage slide through the process without a way for voters to know about it?” said Rep. Huffman. “Going forward, there is a clear public interest in ensuring that presidential candidates are not deeply compromised or vulnerable to blackmail. My Protecting Access to Classified Information in Elections Act would help protect the national security of our country by putting a process in place to encourage presidential candidates to undergo a national security clearance investigation well before the election.”
Rep. Huffman spoke on the need for his new legislation on the House floor. Watch the full clip here.
“As the historic debacle in Helsinki showed us this week, we as a nation can no longer stand idly by as our president chooses his own self-interest over the common good and national security of the American people,” said Rep. Johnson. “Not only will this common sense bill update and modernize our security clearance standards, but help protect America from unfriendly foreign forces seeking to undermine our democracy.”
The security clearance vetting process includes reviews of foreign investments and other business ties, bankruptcies, financial problems, legal judgments, and other potential liabilities and vulnerabilities to blackmail. In addition to authorizing a candidate for President or Vice President to seek a security clearance and undergo a background investigation, the bill also gives candidates who have been granted a security clearance the option of publicly disclosing this fact through a website maintained by the Director of National Intelligence.
California legislators to reintroduce Presidential Tax Transparency bill
Sacramento, CA — With President Trump showing more allegiance to Russia than America’s own intelligence agencies this week, California State Senators are gearing up to reintroduce legislation that would require all presidential primary candidates to release their tax returns prior to being placed on the California ballot.
“This week’s events in Helsinki will go down as one of the most damaging and disgraceful in modern American political history,” Senator Mike McGuire said. “We’re all searching for an explanation of the President's shamefully submissive behavior this week as he denounced our country’s intelligence agencies, the American public and our allies while cozying up to the Russian dictator Vladimir Putin. There is one definitive way to bring to light any potential financial and legal conflicts of interest that could drive an American president into the arms of a hostile foreign power – that’s making Trump’s tax returns public. We’re grateful to be teaming up with Senator Wiener on this important initiative.”
Last year, Senators Mike McGuire and Scott Wiener introduced the Presidential Tax Transparency & Accountability Act – which would have required basic tax information to be shared with the American public and require that all presidential candidates release the last 5 years of their tax returns in order to appear on the California ballot. The returns would also be made available to the public on the Secretary of State’s website.
The Presidential Tax Transparency bill was passed by the legislature with Republican and Democratic support in 2017 but was not signed into law. Senators McGuire and Wiener will reintroduce the bill later this year.
“It was appalling to watch the President trash our own intelligence agencies while lavishing praise on and siding with Vladimir Putin. While it’s clear Trump is willing to sell out our country and values, it’s unclear if he’s doing it to satisfy his personal financial interests, since he refused to be transparent as a candidate. The American people should not be in the dark about our President’s finances and conflicts of interest, and we must ensure they never are again. Requiring presidential candidates to disclose basic financial information is a common sense measure that builds trust between the American people and their elected leader. I’m proud to partner with Senator McGuire on this effort to strengthen our democracy and give voters the full transparency they deserve,” Senator Scott Wiener said.
Prior to Donald Trump’s refusal to release any tax returns, every president since Jimmy Carter (over 40 years) has released at least one year of tax returns. During the 2016 Presidential election, Hillary Clinton (Democratic) and Jill Stein (Green) both released their tax returns.
Contrary to what President Trump has stated in public that Americans don’t care about his tax returns, 74 percent of respondents in national polls on the issue believe President Trump should release his tax returns. | https://www.northcoastjournal.com/NewsBlog/archives/2018/07/19/north-coast-lawmakers-question-trumps-motives-with-russia-introduce-candidate-vetting-legislation |
To fulfil its primary function, MY OFFICE will require constituents to provide it with certain personally identifiable information that includes, but is not limited to, an Individual’s name, phone number, email, and postal address.
The information that MY OFFICE collects will be used to contact or identify a particular person, including if necessary to meet legal or security obligations (such as to allow security vetting if there is a high profile visitor attending a meeting).
This data will only be shared if MY OFFICE are compelled to do so by law (such as by court order), or to meet requirements of an event, or other reasonable obligation.
For example, MY OFFICE may have to provide the contact information for Individuals who attend an event inside the Houses of Parliament to enable security vetting to occur beforehand, or simply to ensure that only persons affiliated with MY OFFICE are able to access a specific venue where it will host an event, or to attend an event as an affiliate (such as a conference).
Unless MY OFFICE are compelled by law, personal data will only ever be shared with prior consent from the person(s) it relates to. When personal data is shared, only information that is necessary for the specific function or event will be disclosed.
If MY OFFICE are compelled to share personal data by law – for example by court order, in relation to a criminal investigation, or as part of some other lawful inquiry then it will inform the person(s) relates to unless it is legally prohibited from doing so.
An Individual’s identity would only be verified if MY OFFICE need to ensure that a particular Individual is who they claim to be, such as to gain admission to an invitation-only event hosted by MY OFFICE.
An Individual’s contact information will be used to inform them of upcoming events, share important news, draw attention to a particular matter, request that an Individual act in a particular way, or undertake a particular task (such as contacting another MP about an issue, signing a petition, spreading awareness, participating in a moment of silence, etc.).
Security
MY OFFICE are committed to ensuring that personal data it collects is secure.
In order to prevent unauthorised access or improper disclosure, MY OFFICE have put in place suitable physical, electronic, and administrative procedures to safeguard and secure the personal data it collects.
Controlling Your Personal Information
MY OFFICE will not sell, distribute, or lease personal data to third parties unless it has the explicit permission of the person(s) the data relates to, or is required by law to do so.
Individuals may request details of personal information which MY OFFICE holds about them under the Data Protection Act 2018 or the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
A small fee may be payable and MY OFFICE will require adequate verification of identity before it can process any request.
If you would like a copy of the information held on you please send an email to EMAIL or write to ADDRESS.
If you believe that any information MY OFFICE is holding on you is incorrect or incomplete, please contact MY OFFICE as soon as possible. MY OFFICE will promptly correct any information found to be incorrect.
Further Information | http://emmadentcoad.co.uk/privacy-policy/ |
On Oct. 12, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced a safe and lawful way for qualifying Venezuelans with supporters to travel by air to the United States, temporarily reside in the United States, and apply for work authorization.
To be eligible, Venezuelans must:
- Have a supporter in the United States who will provide financial and other support;
- Pass rigorous biometric and biographic national security and public safety screening and vetting; and
- Complete vaccinations and other public health requirements.
Venezuelans are ineligible if they have:
- Been ordered removed from the United States in the previous five years;
- Crossed without authorization between ports of entry after the date of this announcement;
- Irregularly entered Mexico or Panama after the date of this announcement, or are a permanent resident or dual national of any country other than Venezuela, or currently hold refugee status in any country; or
- Not completed vaccinations and other public health requirements.
The Process
Beneficiaries cannot directly apply for this process. A supporter must first complete and file Form I-134 with USCIS on behalf of a Venezuelan beneficiary and include information about them and contact details, such as an email address. If we deem the Form I-134 sufficient, in our discretion, we will send the beneficiary information about the next step in the process to be considered for authorization to travel to the United States and parole consideration at an air port of entry.
Once beneficiaries receive their travel authorization, they should arrange to fly directly to their final destination in the United States. Upon arrival at the interior port of entry, individuals will be inspected and considered for parole. Those who attempt to enter the U.S. at land ports of entry will generally be denied entry.
The key steps in the process include:
Step 1: Financial Support
- A U.S.-based supporter will submit a Form I-134, Declaration of Financial Support, with USCIS through the online myUSCIS web portal to initiate the process. The Form I-134 identifies and collects information on both the supporter and the beneficiary. The supporter must submit a separate Form I-134 for each beneficiary they are seeking to support, including immediate family members and minor children.
- USCIS will then vet the supporter to ensure that they are able to financially support the individual they are agreeing to support and to protect against exploitation and abuse. USCIS, in our discretion, must vet and confirm supporters before they move forward in the process.
Step 2: Submit Biographic Information
- If USCIS confirms a supporter, the listed beneficiary will receive an email from USCIS with instructions on how to create an account with myUSCIS and other next steps. The beneficiary must confirm their biographic information in myUSCIS and attest to meeting the eligibility requirements.
- As part of confirming eligibility in their myUSCIS account, individuals who seek authorization to travel to the United States must confirm that they meet public health requirements, including certain vaccination requirements.
Step 3: Submit Request in CBP One Mobile Application
- After confirming biographic information in myUSCIS and completing required eligibility attestations, the beneficiary will receive instructions through myUSCIS on how to access the CBP One mobile application. The beneficiary must enter their biographic information into CBP One and provide a photo.
Step 4: Advance Travel Authorization to the United States
- After completing Step 3, the beneficiary will receive a notice in their myUSCIS account confirming whether CBP will provide them with advance authorization to travel to the United States to seek a discretionary grant of parole on a case-by-case basis.
- If approved, this authorization is valid for 90 days. Beneficiaries are responsible for securing their own travel via air to the United States. Approval of advance authorization to travel does not guarantee entry or parole into the United States at a U.S. port of entry. Parole is a discretionary determination made by CBP at the port of entry, based on a finding that parole is warranted due to urgent humanitarian reasons or significant public benefit.
Step 5: Seeking Parole at the Port of Entry
- When a beneficiary arrives a port of entry, CBP will inspected them and consider them for a grant of discretionary parole on a case-by-case basis.
- As part of the inspection, beneficiaries will undergo additional screening and vetting, to include additional fingerprint biometric vetting consistent with the CBP inspection process. Individuals who are determined to pose a national security or public safety threat, or otherwise not warrant parole as a matter of discretion upon inspection, will be processed under an appropriate processing pathway and may be referred to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).
Step 6: Parole
- Individuals granted parole under this process generally will be paroled into the United States for a period of up to 2 years, subject to applicable health and vetting requirements, and will be eligible to apply for employment authorization under existing regulations.
- Individuals may request work authorization from USCIS by filing a Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization. Individuals granted parole and eligible to seek work authorization can apply online. | https://geygan.net/process-for-venezuelans/ |
32 CFR § 197.4 - Policy.
It is OSD policy that:
(a) Pursuant to Executive Order 13526, anyone requesting access to classified material must possess the requisite security clearance.
(b) Members of the public seeking the declassification of DoD documents under the provisions of section 3.5 of Executive Order 13526 will contact the appropriate OSD Component as listed in DoD Manual 5230.30.
(c) Records and information requested by FPA and approved historical researchers will be accessed at a facility under the control of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), NARA's Archives II in College Park, Maryland, a Presidential library, or an appropriate U.S. military facility or a DoD activity in accordance with Vol 3 of DoD Manual 5200.01, “DoD Information Security Program,” February 24, 2012, as amended.
(d) Access to records and information will be limited to the specific records within the scope of the proposed research request over which OSD has authority and to any other records for which the written consent of other agencies with authority has been granted in accordance with Vol 3 of DoD Manual 5200.01, “DoD Information Security Program,” February 24, 2012, as amended.
(e) Access to unclassified OSD Component records and information will be permitted consistent with the restrictions of the exemptions of 5 U.S.C. 552(b) (also known and referred to in this part as the “Freedom of Information Act” (FOIA), 32 CFR part 286, § 197.5 of this part, and consistent with 32 CFR part 310. The procedures for access to classified information will be used if the requested unclassified information is contained in OSD files whose overall markings are classified.
(f) Except as otherwise provided in DoD Manual 5200.01 volume 3, no person may have access to classified information unless that person has been determined to be trustworthy and access is essential to the accomplishment of a lawful and authorized purpose.
(g) Persons outside the Executive Branch who are engaged in approved historical research projects may be granted access to classified information, consistent with the provisions of Executive Order 13526 and DoD Manual 5200.01 volume 1 provided that the OSD official with classification jurisdiction over that information grants access.
(h) Contractors working for Executive Branch agencies may be allowed access to classified OSD Component files provided the contractors meet all the required criteria for such access as an historical researcher including the appropriate level of personnel security clearance set forth in paragraphs (a) and (i) of this section. No copies of OSD records and information may be released directly to the contractors. The Washington Headquarters Services Records and Declassification Division (WHS/RDD) will be responsible for ensuring that the contractor safeguards the documents and the information is only used for the project for which it was requested per section 4.1 of Executive Order 13526, “Classified National Security Information,” December 29, 2009.
(i) All DoD-employed requesters, to include DoD contractors, must have critical nuclear weapons design information (CNWDI) to access CNWDI information. All other non DoD and non-Executive Branch personnel must have a Department of Energy-issued “Q” clearance to access CNWDI information in accordance with DoD Manual 5220.22, “National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual (NISPOM),” February 28, 2006, as amended.
(j) The removal of federal records and information from OSD custody is not authorized; this includes copies and email according to 36 CFR 1230.10. Copies of records and information that are national security classified will remain under the control of the agency.
(k) Access for FPAs is limited to records they originated, reviewed, signed, or received while serving as Presidential appointees, unless there is another basis for providing access in accordance with Vol 3 of DoD Manual 5200.01, “DoD Information Security Program,” February 24, 2012, as amended.
(l) Authorization is required from all agencies whose classified information is, or is expected to be, in the requested files prior to granting approval for access. Separate authorizations for access to records and information maintained in OSD Component office files or at the federal records centers will not be required in accordance with Vol 3 of DoD Manual 5200.01, “DoD Information Security Program,” February 24, 2012, as amended. | https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/32/197.4 |
1. Who are Afghan evacuees?
- Afghan evacuees are people fleeing the dangerous and volatile situation in Afghanistan during the historic withdrawal of U.S. forces from the country.
- Afghan evacuees are eligible for “humanitarian parole” status. This status is a temporary discretionary authorization to enter the United States that can be granted based on humanitarian or significant public benefit reasons.
- On August 26, 2021, the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) published guidance for Afghan evacuees seeking parole into the United States, and this guidance continues to be updated regularly.
- Any individual can request humanitarian parole, but not everyone will be granted parole. The authority is discretionary, meaning that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has the choice to parole or not parole an individual.
- Afghan evacuees who are granted humanitarian parole status are allowed lawful entry into the U.S., and they will be able to stay for two years.
- Special Immigrant Visa (SIV) holders, or “SIVs”, are those individuals who have been granted special immigrant status on account of their service to US military and/or contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan.
2. How are Afghan evacuees screened before they are resettled into the U.S.?
- Under the current parole process, Afghans underwent rapid processing at Hamid Karzai airport in Kabul before being taken to military bases in the United States and in third countries, including Qatar, Bahrain, Germany, Kuwait, Spain, and the United Arab Emirates.
- Afghans who are in the late stages of the SIV process and have already gone through multiple rounds of security screening are provided with quick medical screenings and then flown to the U.S., where they are paroled in.
- Afghans who are not in the final stages of the SIV process, such as evacuees, must wait — potentially for prolonged periods — at military bases in third countries or in the United States to undergo robust security processing and vetting procedures. These vetting procedures are conducted by Department of Homeland Security (DHS) personnel, some already present at the military bases, and some who have been rapidly deployed.
- The procedures include multiple rounds of biometric and biographic screening, and matching results with a variety of law enforcement and intelligence agency watchlists. Current and former intelligence officials with knowledge of the vetting procedures being used have described the process as “robust,” “competent,” and “secure.” Those who do not meet strict vetting requirements are already being flagged.
- Within seven days of evacuees being granted humanitarian parole, they are required to meet the following medical conditions:
- Get vaccinated for MMR, polio, and one dose of the COVID vaccine, absent proof of prior vaccination;
- Undergo tuberculosis testing and take appropriate isolation and treatment measures if the tuberculosis test is positive; and
- Report compliance with this requirement to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) at www.uscis.gov/vaccination-status.
3. How is it determined where Afghan evacuees will be settled?
- When evacuees are granted humanitarian parole status and security screening is completed, the U.S. government will arrange travel for evacuees to their final destination in the United States. They will be given an opportunity to connect with non-governmental organizations, such as Refugee Services of Texas, that operate independently from the U.S. government and that may assist in their resettlement in the United States.
- Afghans who have family or friends in a particular city have one opportunity to share this information on the base. These Afghans are considered to have “U.S. Ties,” and they are then typically placed in that city for their resettlement.
4. What services will Afghan evacuees be offered?
- Evacuees who are granted humanitarian parole are temporarily shielded from deportation and are allowed to apply for work authorization.
- Under the humanitarian parole status, evacuees are not granted visas and do not automatically gain immigration status or public benefits. In general, parolees must apply for more permanent immigration status to remain in the U.S. for longer than a short period.
- Parolees may stay and work in the U.S. legally on a temporary basis, but they are not eligible for the full range of resettlement services that refugees are entitled to. They are not eligible for public benefit programs, including public cash assistance programs (RCA or TANF), medical assistance (RMA or Medicaid, with some exceptions), and SSI. Nor are they currently eligible for the R&P Program or ORR-funded programs such as Matching Grant, Refugee Support Services, or Preferred Communities. As of September 30, 2021, Afghan parolees became eligible for public benefits, cash assistance programs, medical assistance, and ORR benefits such as Matching Grant, Refugee Support Services, or Preferred Communities.
- The one-time APA per capita amount of $2,275 for evacuees includes a breakdown of $1,225 for direct assistance and $1,050 for administrative costs to the resettlement agency. The per capita amount needed to cover actual expenses is approximately $3,000 a month for a family of six.
- The Department of State is working to offer parolees initial relocation assistance under the Afghan Placement and Assistance (APA) Program. The Biden administration has asked Congress to provide additional funding to assist with the resettlement of Afghan evacuees.
- Under the APA, evacuees with humanitarian parole status will be provided basic support services such as airport reception, safe housing, food supplies, seasonal clothing, pocket money for each adult, access to health services as available, enrollment in appropriate services and schooling, cultural orientation, and language services.
- Legal assistance to apply for status adjustment to the extent possible is also available.
5. How can the public help Afghan evacuees?
- The public can support evacuees by giving to resettlement agencies like Refugee Services of Texas who will be working around the clock to resettle the unprecedented number of arrivals and their families.
- Evacuees arriving as humanitarian parolees need the public’s support more than ever as resettlement agencies do not typically have the capacity or resources to handle unexpected case loads. You can volunteer with Refugee Services of Texas to aid newly arrived evacuees, and you can give directly to RST to fund the resettlement process. Visit RSTX.org to learn more about volunteer opportunities.
6. How do evacuees with humanitarian parole status differ from refugees?
- Evacuees who are approved for humanitarian parole are virtually no different from those who have refugee status. They have both been determined to have a credible fear of serious harm if they stay in their home country, and they both undergo extreme vetting to ensure they pose no risk to U.S. national security.
- Legally, however, being granted "humanitarian parole" does not confer the same rights as refugee status, in terms of either public benefits or one’s path to permanent legal residence. Afghan evacuees with humanitarian parole status will need to apply for asylum or some other form of immigration relief once they arrive.
- Evacuees who would otherwise be considered refugees are unable to obtain refugee status because of the suddenness with which they must flee their homes and the inability to complete the admissions and vetting process overseas. | https://www.rstx.org/who-we-are/blog/blog.html/article/2021/10/12/afghan-evacuees-and-the-resettlement-process |
With PQDT Open, you can read the full text of open access dissertations and theses free of charge.
About PQDT Open Search
This study examines the rise of American style ill an attempt to theorize the place of clothing design within a broader feminist tradition and recover a feminist consciousness following the fragmentation of the women's movement in the 1920s. Between 1930 and 1945, American style emerged as a viable alternative to French fashion in an effort lead by women who dominated the industry at many levels, including design, retail, and reportage. This work moves chronologically from women's early attempts at nationalizing fashion to their struggle to maintain control of the industry amid a postwar backlash against feminism. More than a business history, this work positions women in fashion as lightning rods for broader debates about women's control over their own image and bodies, the utopian possibilities of mass production, and the reorganization of work and the material world in the face of a growing female labor force.
Most importantly, this project seeks to expand the sites for feminist practice and history by establishing a connection between American fashion and a feminist tradition of dress reform. I argue that the female body has been a critical site for political contestation, and that based on the principles of comfort, beauty, mobility, and economic viability, many women historically have used clothing design as a tool for liberation. My work both builds on and challenges the work of feminist critics of beauty culture, who have focused on how the fashion industry conscripts women into narrow and self-effacing gender roles and manipulates women's desire through unattainable and ever-changing standards of beauty. In so doing, these critics of contemporary culture have overlooked a crucial feminist tradition. Beginning with dress reformers of the early woman suffrage movement, including Elizabeth Cady Stanton, women have repeatedly reimagined the clothed body to signify and actualize a utopian vision of female equality and autonomy. This tradition, I argue, culminates in the creation of an American style made possible by a temporarily female-dominated fashion industry in the United States between 1930 and 1960.
|Advisor:||Hayden, Dolores|
|Commitee:|
|School:||Yale University|
|School Location:||United States -- Connecticut|
|Source:||DAI-A 69/05, Dissertation Abstracts International|
|Source Type:||DISSERTATION|
|Subjects:||American studies, American history, Art history, Design, Interior design, Womens studies|
|Keywords:||American fashion, Design history, Fashion, Feminism, Great Depression, New York City, Style, World War II|
|Publication Number:||3317280|
|ISBN:||9780549657859|
Copyright in each Dissertation and Thesis is retained by the author. All Rights Reserved
The supplemental file or files you are about to download were provided to ProQuest by the author as part of a
dissertation or thesis. The supplemental files are provided "AS IS" without warranty. ProQuest is not responsible for the
content, format or impact on the supplemental file(s) on our system. in some cases, the file type may be unknown or
may be a .exe file. We recommend caution as you open such files.
Copyright of the original materials contained in the supplemental file is retained by the author and your access to the
supplemental files is subject to the ProQuest Terms and Conditions of use.
Depending on the size of the file(s) you are downloading, the system may take some time to download them. Please be
patient. | https://pqdtopen.proquest.com/doc/304395726.html?FMT=ABS |
Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Financial, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
life•style
or life′-style`
or life′ style`
(ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl)
n.
the typical way of living, reflecting attitudes, preferences, etc., of an individual or group.
[1925–30]
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
Switch to new thesaurus
|Noun||1.||life style - a manner of living that reflects the person's values and attitudes|
fashion, manner, mode, style, way - how something is done or how it happens; "her dignified manner"; "his rapid manner of talking"; "their nomadic mode of existence"; "in the characteristic New York style"; "a lonely way of life"; "in an abrasive fashion"
fast lane - a hectic and pressured lifestyle often characterized by recklessness or dissipation; "life in fashion's fast lane has taught her a lot" | https://www.thefreedictionary.com/life+style |
Reverberation from audio reflecting off surfaces and objects in the envi...
read it
-
Anticipative Video Transformer
We propose Anticipative Video Transformer (AVT), an end-to-end attention...
read it
-
Egocentric Activity Recognition and Localization on a 3D Map
Given a video captured from a first person perspective and recorded in a...
read it
-
Move2Hear: Active Audio-Visual Source Separation
We introduce the active audio-visual source separation problem, where an...
read it
-
Ego-Exo: Transferring Visual Representations from Third-person to First-person Videos
We introduce an approach for pre-training egocentric video models using ...
read it
-
Multiview Pseudo-Labeling for Semi-supervised Learning from Video
We present a multiview pseudo-labeling approach to video learning, a nov...
read it
-
Environment Predictive Coding for Embodied Agents
We introduce environment predictive coding, a self-supervised approach t...
read it
-
From Culture to Clothing: Discovering the World Events Behind A Century of Fashion Images
Fashion is intertwined with external cultural factors, but identifying t...
read it
-
VisualVoice: Audio-Visual Speech Separation with Cross-Modal Consistency
We introduce a new approach for audio-visual speech separation. Given a ...
read it
-
Semantic Audio-Visual Navigation
Recent work on audio-visual navigation assumes a constantly-sounding tar...
read it
-
Discovering Underground Maps from Fashion
The fashion sense – meaning the clothing styles people wear – in a geogr...
read it
-
Modeling Fashion Influence from Photos
The evolution of clothing styles and their migration across the world is...
read it
-
Dexterous Robotic Grasping with Object-Centric Visual Affordances
Dexterous robotic hands are appealing for their agility and human-like m...
read it
-
Learning to Set Waypoints for Audio-Visual Navigation
In audio-visual navigation, an agent intelligently travels through a com...
read it
-
Occupancy Anticipation for Efficient Exploration and Navigation
State-of-the-art navigation methods leverage a spatial memory to general...
read it
-
Learning Affordance Landscapes forInteraction Exploration in 3D Environments
Embodied agents operating in human spaces must be able to master how the...
read it
-
Learning Patterns of Tourist Movement and Photography from Geotagged Photos at Archaeological Heritage Sites in Cuzco, Peru
The popularity of media sharing platforms in recent decades has provided...
read it
-
VisualEchoes: Spatial Image Representation Learning through Echolocation
Several animal species (e.g., bats, dolphins, and whales) and even visua...
read it
-
From Paris to Berlin: Discovering Fashion Style Influences Around the World
The evolution of clothing styles and their migration across the world is...
read it
-
Audiovisual SlowFast Networks for Video Recognition
We present Audiovisual SlowFast Networks, an architecture for integrated...
read it
-
EGO-TOPO: Environment Affordances from Egocentric Video
First-person video naturally brings the use of a physical environment to...
read it
-
Don't Judge an Object by Its Context: Learning to Overcome Contextual Bias
Existing models often leverage co-occurrences between objects and their ...
read it
-
An Exploration of Embodied Visual Exploration
Embodied computer vision considers perception for robots in general, uns...
read it
-
Audio-Visual Embodied Navigation
Moving around in the world is naturally a multisensory experience, but t...
read it
-
Dressing for Diverse Body Shapes
Body shape plays an important role in determining what garments will bes...
read it
-
Listen to Look: Action Recognition by Previewing Audio
In the face of the video data deluge, today's expensive clip-level class...
read it
-
Emergence of Exploratory Look-Around Behaviors through Active Observation Completion
Standard computer vision systems assume access to intelligently captured...
read it
-
Grounded Human-Object Interaction Hotspots from Video (Extended Abstract)
Learning how to interact with objects is an important step towards embod...
read it
-
Predicting How to Distribute Work Between Algorithms and Humans to Segment an Image Batch
Foreground object segmentation is a critical step for many image analysi...
read it
-
You2Me: Inferring Body Pose in Egocentric Video via First and Second Person Interactions
The body pose of a person wearing a camera is of great interest for appl...
read it
-
Fashion++: Minimal Edits for Outfit Improvement
Given an outfit, what small changes would most improve its fashionabilit...
read it
-
Co-Separating Sounds of Visual Objects
Learning how objects sound from video is challenging, since they often h...
read it
-
Next-Active-Object prediction from Egocentric Videos
Although First Person Vision systems can sense the environment from the ...
read it
-
Less is More: Learning Highlight Detection from Video Duration
Highlight detection has the potential to significantly ease video browsi...
read it
-
Thinking Outside the Pool: Active Training Image Creation for Relative Attributes
Current wisdom suggests more labeled image data is always better, and ob...
read it
-
Extreme Relative Pose Estimation for RGB-D Scans via Scene Completion
Estimating the relative rigid pose between two RGB-D scans of the same u...
read it
-
Grounded Human-Object Interaction Hotspots from Video
Learning how to interact with objects is an important step towards embod...
read it
-
2.5D Visual Sound
Binaural audio provides a listener with 3D sound sensation, allowing a r...
read it
-
Kernel Transformer Networks for Compact Spherical Convolution
Ideally, 360 imagery could inherit the deep convolutional neural network...
read it
-
SpotTune: Transfer Learning through Adaptive Fine-tuning
Transfer learning, which allows a source task to affect the inductive bi...
read it
-
Pixel Objectness: Learning to Segment Generic Objects Automatically in Images and Videos
We propose an end-to-end learning framework for segmenting generic objec...
read it
-
Sidekick Policy Learning for Active Visual Exploration
We consider an active visual exploration scenario, where an agent must i...
read it
-
Learning to Separate Object Sounds by Watching Unlabeled Video
Perceiving a scene most fully requires all the senses. Yet modeling how ...
read it
-
Snap Angle Prediction for 360^∘ Panorama
360^∘ panoramas are a rich medium, yet notoriously difficult to visualiz...
read it
-
Compare and Contrast: Learning Prominent Visual Differences
Relative attribute models can compare images in terms of all detected pr...
read it
-
Attributes as Operators
We present a new approach to modeling visual attributes. Prior work cast...
read it
-
VizWiz Grand Challenge: Answering Visual Questions from Blind People
The study of algorithms to automatically answer visual questions current...
read it
-
Im2Flow: Motion Hallucination from Static Images for Action Recognition
Existing methods to recognize actions in static images take the images a...
read it
-
Learning Compressible 360° Video Isomers
Standard video encoders developed for conventional narrow field-of-view ...
read it
-
Creating Capsule Wardrobes from Fashion Images
We propose to automatically create capsule wardrobes. Given an inventory... | https://deepai.org/profile/kristen-grauman |
BA2 CLASS READING - FASHION IN SOCIETY - THE SECOND HAND MARKET GROUP SEMINAR PRESENTATION - this reading is extracts (...) from the set text.
SECONDHAND DRESSES AND THE ROLE OF THE RAGMARKET. ANGELA MCROBBIE. 1997.
Several attempts have been made recently to understand "retrostyle". These have all taken as their starting point that accelerating tendency in the 1980s to ransack history for key items of dress, in a seemingly eclectic and haphazard manner...
Most of the youth subcultures of the postwar period have relied on secondhand clothes found in jumble sales and rag markets as the raw material for the creation of style. Although a great deal has been written about the meaning of these styles, little has been said about where they have come from. In the early 1980s the magazine iD developed a kind of vox pop of street style which involved stopping young people and asking them to itemize what they were wearing, where they had got it and for how much. Since then many of the weekly and monthly fashion publications have followed suit, with the result that this has now become a familiar feature of the magazine format...
Secondhand style owes its existence to those features of consumerism which are characteristic of contemporary society. It depends, for example, on the creation of a surplus of goods whose use value is not expended when their first owners no longer want them. They are then revived, even in their senility, and enter into another cycle of consumption... Patterns of taste and discrimination shape the desires of secondhand shoppers as much as they do those who prefer the high street or the fashion showroom. And those who work behind the stalls and counters are skilled in choosing their stock with a fine eye for what will sell. Thus although there seems to be an evasion of the mainstream, with its mass-produced goods and marked-up prices, the "subversive consumerism" of the rag market is in practice highly selective in what is offered and what, in turn, is purchased. For every single piece rescued and restored, a thousand are consigned to oblivion... The sources which are raided for "new" secondhand ideas are frequently old films, old art photographs, "great" novels... The apparent democracy of the market, from which nobody is excluded on the grounds of cost, is tempered by the very precise tastes and desires of the secondhand searchers. Secondhand style continually emphasizes its distance from secondhand clothing...
In the last few years many major department stores have redesigned the way in which their stock is displayed in order to create the feel of a market place. In the Top Shop basement in Oxford Street, for example, there is a year-round sale. the clothes are set out in chaotic abundance. The rails are crushed up against each other and packed with stock, which causes the customers to push and shove their way through. This intentionally hectic atmosphere is heightened the disc jockey who cajoles the shoppers between records to buy at an even more frenzied pace...
The vitality of street markets today owes much to the hippie counterculture of the late 1960s...
Hippie preferences for old fur coats, crepe dresses and army greatcoats, shocked the older generation... But they were not acquired merely for their shock value. Those items favoured by the hippies reflected an interest in pure, natural and authentic fabrics and a repudiation of the man-made synthetic materials found in high-street fashion. The pieces of clothing sought out by hippie girls tended to be antique lace petticoats, pure silk blouses, crepe dresses, velvet skirts and pure wool 1940s-styled coats. In each case these conjured up a time when the old craft values still prevailed and when one person saw through his or her production from start to finish...
While hippie style had run out of steam by the mid-1970s, the alternative society merely jolted itself and rose to the challenge of punk. (McRobbie in Welters and Lillethun, 2011, pp.450-462).
REFERENCE
McRobbie, A. in Welters, L. and Lillethun, A. (eds) (2011) The fashion reader. 2nd edn. Oxford: Berg.
McRobbie, A. in Welters, L. and Lillethun, A. (eds) (2011) The fashion reader. 2nd edn. Oxford: Berg. | http://bcottextilesforfashion.weebly.com/ba2-class-reading---fashion-in-society---the-second-hand-market-group-seminar-presentation.html |
Fashion equals the overall style, elegance and flair that an individual exhibits from day to day. It includes the clothing garments, shoes and the accessories. The way an individual displays her unique style to the public not only portrays her stylish preferences, it also signifies the personâs personality and way of life. | http://childfriendly-australia.org/category/fashion/ |
African Style Archive: What's next?
- Written byJ Tilley
- Published date17 May 2021
"I think it's being able to present this narrative of black people, African people and their rich history that has been massively overlooked in general with media, academia and fashion history. So this archiving for me is just a way of mapping because I've been able to plot different histories and put that together and share that to discover more. It's been such a great journey that I've been on and I'm looking forward to carrying it on." - Tosin Adeosun
This month we teamed up with African Style Archive - a digital platform dedicated to showcasing African style, from fashion shows to magazine clippings and street style snaps for an exclusive, week-long Instagram exhibition exploring African style and sartorial practices through imagery and conversation. Curator, Researcher and Founder of African Style Archive, Tosin Adeosun is supported by LCF Head of Archives, Susanna Cordner.
The week featured highlights from men’s fashion and tailoring in Central Africa in the 1970s through the studio photographs of Cameroonian photographer Michel Kameni and Congolese photographer Maurice “Pellosh” Bidilou, as well as Chez Julie who made her mark as the first well-known Ghanaian fashion designer that restructured historical and traditional Ghanian cloth-making style and designs. With an Instagram live conversation with Krys Osei, a Ghanaian-Cameroonian-American Lecturer in Cultural Studies for BA Fashion, Textiles and Jewellery at Central Saint Martins, and Lecturer in Fashion Media Production for BA Fashion Styling and Production at London College of Fashion and an exclusive podcast with Dr Christine Checinska.
An exclusive podcast was also created as part of the Instagram Exhibition, with Tosin in conversation with Dr Christine Checinska - the V&A’s inaugural Curator of African and African Diaspora Fashion. She is the Lead Curator of the forthcoming Africa Fashion exhibition, opening at the V&A fashion galleries June 2022. You can listen to the podcast episode below and listen to more LCF podcasts on the LCF Soundcloud.
·
Further reading or resource recommendations from Tosin Adeosun
The Fashion and Race database is a great digital resource, I’m in awe of the hard work the team is doing with it. The African Lookbook by Catherine E. McKinley is also a great photo book with mini essays on African fashion. The archives of African photographers are great too, there are some great archives that have been digitised. The Archive of Malian Photography is a good place to start.
Aside from those, below are a few more recommendations that are available to access via the UAL Library:
- The Art of African Fashion by Prince Claus Fund
- African fashion, global style: histories, innovations, and ideas you can wear by Victoria Rovine
- Contemporary African Fashion by Suzanne Gott and Kristyne Loughran
- New African Fashion by Helen Jennings
- Liberated Threads: Black Women, Style and the Global Politics of Soul by Tanisha C. Ford
- The Birth of Cool: Style Narratives of the African Diaspora by Carol Tulloch
- James Barnor Ever Young exhibition catalogue
- Dandy Lion: The Black Dandy and Street Style by Shantrelle P. Lewis
Tosin is mentored by Head of Archives and host of LCF's most popular podcast series, Susanna Cordner. Last year, Tosin featured in conversation as part of Susanna's new series 'Objects of Affection' - a discussion with various professionals working with museums or collections in their day to day, highlighting a particular favourite object from their own area of study and another from an outside organisation.
Objects of Affection with Susanna Cordner and Tosin Adeosun
Recap on African Style Archive Instagram Exhibition on LCF's social media.
Find out more about LCF Archives. | https://www.arts.ac.uk/colleges/london-college-of-fashion/stories/african-style-archive-what-next |
Definition - What does H.323 mean?
H.323 is an ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) recommendation that describes protocols for the provision of audio-visual (A/V) communication sessions on all packet networks. H.323 provides standards for equipment, computers and services for multimedia communication across packet based networks and specifies transmission protocols for real-time video, audio and data details.
H.323 is widely used in IP based videoconferencing, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and Internet telephony. Users can communicate through the Internet and make use of a variety of products that are H.323 standard compatible.
The H.323 standard mainly depends on the Internet Engineering Task Force's (IETF) Real-Time Control Protocol (RTCP) and Real-Time Protocol (RTP), with the utilization of various other protocols for data communication, call signaling and A/V communications.
Formally recognized in October 1996, the H.323 standard is part of H.32x, an ITU-T family of recommendations that provides multimedia communication services across various networks. These standards specify how H.323-compliant components establish calls, share compressed video and audio, attend multi unit conferences and work with non-H.323 endpoints.
Terminals: Local area network (LAN) client endpoints that deliver bi-directional, real-time multimedia communications. The H.323 terminal can be a computer or device that runs an H.323 stack and multimedia applications.
Gateways: Used to connect two distinct networks, the H.323 gateway provides connectivity between H.323 and non-H.323 networks. This distinct network connectivity is established by translating protocols intended for call setup and release, transforming media formats in between various networks and switching details between networks that are interconnected by the gateway.
Gatekeepers: Considered the most vital H.323 component, the gatekeeper serves as the core point for every call inside its zone, while providing registered H.323 endpoints with call control services. In H.323 networks, gatekeepers are optional. However, if they are available in the network, the endpoints must definitely use their services.
Multipoint Control Units (MCU): Deliver support for conferencing three or more H.323 endpoints or terminals. Each terminal participating in a conference sets up a MCU connection. | https://www.techopedia.com/definition/4478/h323 |
The Real-Time Media Flow Protocol (RTMFP) is a communication protocol from Adobe that enables direct end-user to end-user peering communication between multiple instances of the Adobe® Flash® Player client and applications built using the Adobe AIR® framework for the delivery of rich, live, real-time communication.
By using RTMFP, applications that rely on live, real-time communication, such as social networks and multiuser games, can deliver higher quality communication solutions. Flash Player 10 and AIR 1.5 and later also enable end-users to connect and communicate directly with each other using their computers' microphones and webcams. Flash Player 10 and AIR 1.5 do not support file or document sharing.
RTMFP can help to reduce the bandwidth costs for direct, live, real-time communication solutions, such as audio and video chat and multiplayer games. Because RTMFP can send data directly between the end-user clients and not through the server, solutions are less expensive to scale.
RTMP is a proprietary two-way protocol developed by Adobe for streaming audio, video and data over the Internet, between Flash Player and a server.
The principle difference is how the protocols communicate over the network. RTMFP is based on UDP, whereas RTMP is based on TCP. UDP-based protocols have significant advantages over TCP-based protocols in the efficient delivery of live streaming media, decreased latency, increased voice/audio quality and greater connection reliability.
Unlike RTMP, RTMFP also supports sending data directly from one Adobe Flash Player client to another, without going through a server. A server-side connection will always be required to establish the initial connection between the end-users and can be used to provide server-side data execution or gateways into other systems. An Adobe Media Server user will also be required to authorise network address lookup and Network Address Translation (NAT) traversal services for the clients to prevent Flash Player from being used in an unmanaged way.
A developer leverage the published API of a social networking site and RTMFP to create a webcam chat application for use between users of the site.
The use of RTMFP in combination with Adobe Media Server enables end-users to find and establish a one-way data/media stream directly with another end-user.
A developer builds a desktop application on Adobe AIR that allows an end-user to "call" contacts listed in his or her instant message application. The AIR application will establish an RTMFP connection with Adobe Media Server to find a contact and receive information from the instant messaging interface.
The contact receives a notification of the incoming call and can accept or decline the call. Once a call is accepted, the audio will flow directly between the two end-users' desktop clients, not through the server.
Because RTMFP uses UDP, end-users experience a consistently high-quality experience even if variations occur in the network.
By using RTMFP to send the data within the application, the data flow will occur directly between end-users over UDP.
RTMFP is different from other simple UDP protocols because it prioritises transmission of multiple media flows.
TCP is the Internet protocol used by web browsing, file transfer and email applications. TCP is used today by the HTTP protocol for web servers and the RTMP protocol to deliver video, audio and data from Adobe Media Server to Flash Player and AIR. TCP is useful because it reliably delivers data, but that reliability may add latency, reducing the quality of live media streaming. Learn more about TCP.
P2 P has various meanings within the technology industry, but it typically refers to the establishment of a direct connection between two or more end-users to aid in the movement of data and media.
End-user to end-user: Two clients communicate directly without passing their data through the server for low-latency, real-time communication. This is the solution that Adobe is enabling with RTMFP.
Swarming: This is a form of "many to many" communication typically used to share file delivery via download. Swarming maximises transfer speed by gathering pieces of a file and downloading these pieces simultaneously from other end-users who already have them. Swarming solutions typically require a stand-alone application designed to locate and connect to other end-users' computers that have the relevant content. These solutions typically have local file system access. RTMFP does not enable swarming solutions.
Multicast: This is a form of "one to many" communication over an IP infrastructure. Multicast speeds up content delivery and reduces the burden on the network because a source sends the data packet only once for delivery to a large number of end-users. The nodes in the network take care of replicating the packet to reach multiple end-users only where necessary. RTMFP does not enable multicast solutions.
RTMFP uses P2 P techniques to help ensure a high-quality delivery and efficient use of the network. It is a managed connection, which means it requires the authorisation of a server to make the introductions. The client must be connected to the server to retain the direct connection.
No. These other solutions are swarming solutions, which use many to many P2 P communications to share the distribution of files among large numbers of clients. RTMFP enables direct end-user to end-user communication for live, real-time communication solutions, not file transfer.
RTMFP enables developers to establish direct end-user to end-user peering communication between two or more Adobe Flash Player clients or applications built using the Adobe AIR framework for delivery of live, real-time data. RTMFP is similar to RTMP for client-server connections because RTMFP has full support for all the Adobe Media Server functionality currently found in RTMP, including live streaming, recording and playback, shared objects and remote function calls.
RTMFP will have no impact on CDNs. CDNs primarily focus on the one-way delivery of video on-demand and live video on a massive scale, not the direct end-user to end-user communication enabled by RTMFP. CDNs will play a critical role in the delivery of RTMFP-enabled applications by helping end-users initiate the desired peering relationship. | https://www.adobe.com/ie/products/adobe-media-server-extended/rtmfp-faq.html |
In the latter case, there is a need for an emergency-adaptive, real-time and robust message delivery toward the sink. For example, a fire-fighter relies on timely temperature updates to remain aware of current fire conditions. In addition, as the fire spreads throughout the building, it becomes inhibitor DAPT secretase likely that the sensing devices may become disconnected Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries from the network or indeed be destroyed, so the network routes have to be changed or re-discovered to adapt to these emergency conditions in order for the network to continue operating. Most existing routing protocols consider the energy efficiency and lifetime of the networks as the foremost design factor. The routing mechanisms used in general wireless sensor networks and even routing for forest fire applications are not well suited for in-building disaster situations, where timeliness and reliability are much more critical.
For forest fires the focus is on tracking of fires, rather than Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries evacuation or guidance of fire personnel. This combination of real-time requirements coupled with dynamic network topology in a critical application scenario provides the motivation for our research. In this paper, we propose an emergency-adaptive routing mechanism (EAR) designed especially for building fire emergencies using wireless sensor networks (WSN), which provides timely and robust data reporting to a sink. We do not need to know the exact localization of each sensor and also no time synchronization is needed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a real-time and robust routing mechanism adaptive to building fire emergency using WSNs Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries has been proposed.
Also, this protocol could be easily Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries used in other similar emergency applications.Section 2 presents the related work. In Section 3 we outline the routing problem. We present an emergency-adaptive routing mechanism in Section 4. In Section 5, we present a preliminary analysis. In Section 6, we give ns2 simulation results. Finally, Section 7 concludes this paper.2.?Background and Related WorkMost routing protocols for WSNs focus on energy efficiency and link node lifetime related explicitly to its energy resources, i.e., a node is assumed to fail when the battery is depleted. Some WSN applications require real-time communication, typically for timely surveillance Batimastat or tracking. Real-time routing protocols in WSNs are not new.
For example, SPEED , MM-SPEED , RPAR and selleck chem RTLD were all designed for real-time applications with explicit delay requirements. He et al. proposed an outstanding real-time communication protocol binding the end-to-end communication delay by enforcing a uniform delivery velocity. Felemban et al. proposed a novel packet delivery mechanism called MMSPEED for probabilistic QoS guarantee. Chipara et al. proposed a real-time power aware routing protocol by dynamically adapting transmission power and routing decisions. | https://mi-rna.com/index.php/2015/10/ |
Hi,
just got my copy of BE and done some reading, but there are still many pages left and I’m still missing one piece in the big picture: interstellar communication.
On the one hand, you need fast and reliable IC to be able to controll and expand an interstellar empire. On the other hand, having such means of communication would make the vaylen threat obvious to every world and unite all forces. (??)
Communication is a key figure in BE, and Im not sure how to handle it.
Just imagine two scenarios with comparable threat to humanity (one with our communication means and one without), happening on our planet.
Preferably, in BE you would like to have highly advanced communication means, i.e. messages travelling faster than ships. One can’t reign empires by issuing orders and waiting weeks for their delivery. Such empire would collapse within a few decades into autonomous planets.
Well, just imagine the diffculties of military actions without real-time communication.
Unfortunately, you don’t want fast communication in your game. I’t would just take one “hulling” tv live feed to throw all humanity into total war.
I’m still reading the rulebook, but just in case there are no references, I have made up my own and will stick to the good old postman system:
- planetary communication is streamed via wire or rf and real-time,
- system communication is message oriented, via rf or laser technology and very fast but not real-time ( upper bound is the speed of light )
- interstellar messages are passed by ships and downloaded to relay centers
Is there any reference in the books or comics how to handle it? Or do you have your own ideas? | https://forums.burningwheel.com/t/interstellar-communication/4633 |
Cross-readings along the axes of travel:
The connection between Middle Passage and space travel is tenuous at best.
Magic interstellar travel and/or the wondrous communication grid can lead to an illusion of outer space and cyberspace as egalitarian.
The Mundane Afrofuturists promise: To produce a collection of Mundane Afrofuturist literature that follows these rules: No interstellar travel— travel is limited to within the solar system and is difficult, time consuming, and expensive.
No aliens unless the connection is distant, difficult, tenuous, and expensive—and they have no interstellar travel either.
No time travel or teleportation.
SUGGESTIONS
Similar but not the same to travel:travelers travels travelling traveling
Also specific to The Mundane Afrofuturist Manifesto [EN] (2013): | https://cross.virtualprivateserver.space/?q=travel |
First of all, communication is considered to be the exchanging of information between two or more parties. For this, the information is transferred from one party to another party, which then receives it, processes it, and stores / discards it depending on its relevance. When the industry component is added, it is possible to speak of “industrial communication”. The definition becomes considerably more difficult, when the purpose, i.e. the data transmission between devices of a system, is formulated clearly from the start. A real explanation of the meaning only becomes apparent when the functions of this communication are listed. A comparison with the previous procedure, i.e. the wiring, facilitates our initial approach into this extensive topic.
The advantage of using industrial networks, as opposed to the previous wiring, can be found quickly: Modernization makes it possible to save considerable amounts of money and to lower the costs. In addition, communication via industrial units has advantages for functionality. However, the means that is used in the field of “industrial communication” differs strongly according to the location. As such internal office communication mostly works with systems based on the Ethernet TCP/IP standard, while automation technology uses many communication systems, which are however compatible with each other. However in recent years, there has been an increase in the industrial networks that are employed, regardless of the particular field that requires rapid and unimpeded communication. Based on the expansion of the automobile industry, the components of the industrial Ethernet particularly show an upward tendency. In fields controlled by highly efficient technology, the industrial communication is found in sectors such as serial machine building. In spite of all modernization and specification, it is mainly the fieldbus which, in the field of industrial communication, represents an important link.
For example, based on information concerning the trend in 2010, there was growth of 50 % (in comparison to the values from the preceding year). The development could also be seen in industrial Ethernet as well as in fieldbuses. For networks, it was mainly ModBus-TCP, EtherCat, EtherNet/IP and PROFINET that indicated growth. For fieldbuses, PROFIBUS, CC-Link and DeviceNet indicated growth. This tendency has not ended over the past two years, even though the transition from the installed fieldbus nodes to the Ethernet that was predicted during the 90s, is taking place considerably slower than was initially expected and hoped for. As such, range of applications related to the “industrial communication” medium has still got further to go and space for expansion. After all, modernization of the networks brings additional functions with it:
- Energy control - lowering of the operating expenses, especially in the sector of complex installations, through controls and the checking of the energy is an advantage of the industrial Ethernet and with it the “industrial communication” sector. The functions of all components of a complex automation system can be controlled via a programmable logic controller (PLC) which in turn, leads to saving in operating expenses.
- I/O signals - the industrial communication in the form of the industrial Ethernet can transmit I/O signals in real-time. As transmission in real-time is possible, this is also defined as real-time Ethernet. One and the same cable also can transmit IT data, e.g. files, notes for websites, or e-mails and their contents. Here also, the positive effect of cost minimizing can be seen in the case of extensive installations.
The Industrial Communication as the Basis for the Cost-efficient Modern Age
The theme of industrial communication is as wide-ranging and diverse as the general term for technology that it implies. The special feature of this form of communication which is illustrated by a clear expansion especially in connection with the required modernization of many sectors of industry, is the return of tried and tested techniques in order to bring about specification and progress. In all of its aspects, industrial communication already makes use of specified standards. Through optimization, the ability is found to establish new, improved standards in the field of communication technology. Use of this standard creates a basis on which to realize powerful networks for data transmission, which can demonstrate this performance consistently. This brings the decisive advantage of cost minimization, as all devices can communicate with each other by connection of a single sensor, and as in the past individual cables are not needed to realize a work process. This also facilitates the registration of all data within a system, so that finally, industrial communication brings the gain of integrating all parts to all technological sectors of a company. | https://www.kunbus.com/industrial-communication.html |
Communication networks to support space missions were originally architected around non-real time data services. In fact, missions have always required real-time services (e.g. telemetry and command), but the bulk of scientific data being returned to Earth has typically been highly delay tolerant. Nevertheless, future robotic and human exploration activities are rapidly pushing towards low latency, high data rate services. Examples can be found both in the near Earth domain (e.g. near real-imagery through NASAs LANCE program) and the deep space domain (e.g. HD video from Mars). Therefore, the goal of this paper is to quantify the effect of new real-time high data rate communication requirements on the ground segment of current communication networks. To that end, we start by analyzing operational schedules for NASAs Space Network (SN) in order to characterize the utilization of the overall network in terms of total data volume and contact time, as well as identify current mission drivers. These results are compared against proposed network requirements for future robotic and human near Earth exploration activities in order to quantitatively assess gaps in the SN capabilities. Using these results, we implement a rule-based expert system that translates SN-specific operational contacts into high-level data requirements for the ground segment of the network. We then exercise the expert system in order to derive the requirements that future exploration activities will impose on the SN. Finally quantify the impact of real-time data delivery services across NASAs ground segment by computing the wide-area network cost for different levels of data timeliness.
Date issued2016-03
DepartmentMassachusetts Institute of Technology. System Design and Management Program; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Journal
2016 IEEE Aerospace Conference
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Citation
Net, Marc Sanchez et al. “Assessing the Impact of Real-Time Communication Services on the Space Network Ground Segment.” IEEE, 2016. 1–13.
Version: | https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/106342 |
Rhodes iiD researchers are working with colleagues across the nation to ensure that future communication protocols used by the United States Air Force are suitable for handling the most data-heavy tasks imaginable, such as flying UAVs, and secure from adversarial attack.
The project is led by Robert Calderbank, the Charles S. Sydnor Distinguished Professor of Computer Science, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Mathematics, and director of the Rhodes Information Initiative at Duke, and Vahid Tarokh, the Rhodes Family Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering.
The new center also draws in research expertise from Virginia Tech, Princeton University, Carnegie Mellon University, Colorado State University, and Arizona State University.
The project will deepen existing collaborations between the universities involved and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). By tackling this new challenge, the researchers will increase the capabilities, knowledge, skills, and expertise of the AFRL workforce, while giving its staff opportunities to work with a large pipeline of talented students through programs like Data+ and Code+, both ten-week summer research experiences that pair mixed teams of Duke undergraduate and graduate students with real-life data sets and problems from partnering companies.
November 16, 2020 Meeting
Slides
DNN-Based Power Amplifier Pre-Distortion for Communications in Contested Environments (PDF)
Papers
Variational Inference with Normalizing Flows (PDF)
Normalizing Flows for Probabilistic Modeling and Inference (PDF)
Contact: Yi Feng, Ph.D.
Title: Power Amplifier Predistortion via Reversible Deep Neural Networks
Abstract: Hardware limitations may be key issues in the efficient communications in contested environments. In particular, power amplifiers (PA) is a key element that must be considered. In practice, there may always exist inherent non-linearities in power amplifiers causing signal constellation compression and bandwidth growth. In this work, we design a digital pre-distorter to compensate these non-linearities. Inspired by the idea of Normalizing Flows, we propose a reversible Deep Neural Network (DNN) based architecture and construct digital pre-distorters for mitigation of the non-linearities. Our approach gives significant linearization improvements over state of the art. Simulations are presented demonstrating these significant improvements.
November 30, 2020 Meeting
How to Stop Worrying about Ill-Conditioning in Low-Rank Matrix Estimation
Speaker: Yuejie Chi, CMU
Title: Accelerating Ill-Conditioned Low-Rank Matrix Estimation via Scaled Gradient Descent
Abstract: Low-rank matrix estimation is a canonical problem that finds numerous applications in signal processing, machine learning and imaging science. A popular approach in practice is to factorize the matrix into two compact low-rank factors, and then optimize these factors directly via simple iterative methods such as gradient descent and alternating minimization. Despite non-convexity, recent literatures have shown that these simple heuristics in fact achieve linear convergence when initialized properly for a growing number of problems of interest. However, upon closer examination, existing approaches can still be computationally expensive especially for ill-conditioned matrices: the convergence rate of gradient descent depends linearly on the condition number of the low-rank matrix, while the per-iteration cost of alternating minimization is often prohibitive for large matrices.
The goal of this paper is to set forth a competitive algorithmic approach dubbed Scaled Gradient Descent (ScaledGD) which can be viewed as pre-conditioned or diagonally-scaled gradient descent, where the pre-conditioners are adaptive and iteration-varying with a minimal computational overhead. With tailored variants for low-rank matrix sensing, robust principal component analysis and matrix completion, we theoretically show that ScaledGD achieves the best of both worlds: it converges linearly at a rate independent of the condition number of the low-rank matrix similar as alternating minimization, while maintaining the low per-iteration cost of gradient descent. To the best of our knowledge, ScaledGD is the first algorithm that provably has such properties over a wide range of low-rank matrix estimation tasks.
January 11, 2021 Meeting
Slides: Bounds on Bearing, Symbol, and Channel Estimation under Model Misspecification (PDF)
Speaker: Christ Richmond, Arizona State University
Title: Bounds on Bearing, Symbol, and Channel Estimation under Model Misspecification
Abstract: The constrained Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) has been used successfully to study parameter estimation in flat fading scenarios, and to establish the value of side information such as known waveform properties (e.g. constant modulus) and known training symbols. There are classes of communication links, however, that may be subject to highly dynamic changes, and this could cause the assumed data model to be an inaccurate model of the channel. Therefore, the constrained misspecified CRB is considered to explore the impact of model mismatch for such communication links. Specifically, quantifying the loss in estimation performance when one assumes the channel is stationary when it is not is of interest. As we explore the application of machine/deep learning to dynamic channels, measures such as the constrained MCRB may help to lend insights into convergence rates, benefits of transfer learning, and the level of fidelity/complexity required to achieve desired performance.
This is joint work with Akshay S. Bondre and Touseef Ali.
February 8, 2021 Meeting
Slides: Robust Multiagent AI for Contested Environments (PDF)
Speaker: Hoda Bidkhori, University of Pittsburgh
Title: Robust Multi-Agent AI for Contested Environments
Abstract: Many Air Force problems, such as protecting communications networks against adversaries in contested environments can be formulated as games between adversaries and defenders. The challenge is that these games, their states and actions are not fully known/observable in practice and need to be learned in real-time based online observations.
In this talk, we propose several frameworks to address these challenging problems. We propose robust learning and optimization frameworks to solve the decision-making problems confronted by real-time, non-stationary, and incomplete data (potential missing data). Furthermore, we employ neural networks to address more complex settings and propose deep reinforcement learning to learn the system's variables, states, and objectives and propose practical solutions.
This is joint work with Vahid Tarokh.
February 22, 2021 Meeting
Speaker: Lingjia Liu, Virginia Tech
Title: Learning with Knowledge of Structure: A Neural Network-Based Approach for MIMO-OFDM Detection
Abstract: We explore neural network-based strategies for performing symbol detection in a MIMO-OFDM system. Building on a reservoir computing (RC)-based approach towards symbol detection, we introduce a symmetric and decomposed binary decision neural network to take advantage of the structure knowledge inherent in the MIMO-OFDM system. To be specific, the binary decision neural network is added in the frequency domain utilizing the knowledge of the constellation. We show that the introduced symmetric neural network can decompose the original M-ary detection problem into a series of binary classification tasks, thus significantly reducing the neural network detector complexity while offering good generalization performance with limited training overhead. Numerical evaluations demonstrate that the introduced hybrid RC-binary decision detection framework performs close to maximum likelihood model-based symbol detection methods in terms of symbol error rate in the low SNR regime with imperfect channel state information (CSI).
March 8, 2021 Meeting
Slides: Wireless System Design Using Optimization and Machine Learning (PDF)
Speaker: Andrea Goldsmith, Princeton University
Title: Wireless System Design using Optimization and Machine Learning
Abstract: Design and analysis of communication systems have traditionally relied on mathematical and statistical channel models that describe how a signal is corrupted during transmission. In particular, communication techniques such as modulation, coding and detection that mitigate performance degradation due to channel impairments are based on such channel models and, in some cases, instantaneous channel state information about the model. However, there are propagation environments where this approach does not work well because the underlying physical channel is too complicated, poorly understood, or rapidly time-varying. In these scenarios we propose completely new approaches to detection in the communication received based on optimization and machine learning (ML). In this approach, the detection algorithm utilizes tools from optimization and ML. We present results for three communication design problems where the optimization and ML approaches results in better performance than current state-of-the-art techniques: Blind Massive MIMO detection, signal detection without accurate channel state information, and signal detection without a mathematical channel model. Broader application of optimization and ML to communication system design in general and to millimeter wave communication systems in particular is also discussed.
March 22, 2021 Meeting
Speaker: Robert Calderbank, Duke University
Title: 6G Wireless – Illuminating New Directions in Waveform Design
Abstract: The world of wireless communications is changing rapidly, and I will look back at GSM, CDMA, and OFDM, and describe how these technologies developed in response to demanding use cases. I will then try to look forward at use cases motivating 6G wireless, such as drones, explore what might be possible with OFDM, and what might be more difficult. This will motivate a discussion of OTFS (Orthogonal Time Frequency Space), a physical layer technology that can be architected as an OFDM overlay.
April 5, 2021 Meeting
Speaker: Jeff Reed, Virginia Tech
Title: 5G Standardization and Satellites
Abstract: The 3GPP organization which standardizes cellular systems such as 3G, 4G, and 5G is currently looking at extending 5G’s reach to Non-Terrestrial Communications (NTC). While this work is proceeding with study groups, there are many challenges in extending the 5G waveform and the overall network architecture. This presentation will discuss the technical issues faced by 3GPP to standardize NTC, the timetable for standardization, and the anticipated interoperability issues and network architectures. | https://bigdata.duke.edu/research/us-air-force-center-excellence |
Due to the great evolution of infocommunication and the prevalence of connectable sensors and actuators, IoT (Internet of Things) frameworks have become very popular and widely available. We are building more and more complex IoT applications, where a lot of sensors and other intelligent components work together. These concepts and devices - that are related to Internet of Things - are widely used in the industry as well. In this context, they are then called IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things).
IoT devices have constrained resources and communication capabilities. Therefore, the implementation of secure communication between them is a major technological challenge for the engineers. The issue of security is an essential aspect: we should not leave them an easy target for the attackers. The concept of local automation clouds helps tackling the issues of real-time restrictions, ergonomic engineering and handling the various levels of security. Still, some services should be able to reach over inbetween such closed, local networks (in here called “inter-cloud servicing”). Naturally, this has to be aided by proper security mechanisms as well.
In my paper, I provide a brief overview of the Arrowhead framework that focuses on industrial automation – for which the utilization of such closed, local automation-related networks (clouds) are inevitable. The aim of this framework is to provide a comprehensive, secure skeleton for the collaboration of embedded systems.
However, in order to provide secure data communication for inter-cloud services, new methods need to be introduced for Arrowhead. As part of my solution, I would like to expand the framework with a new module, which collaborates with the existing core systems. This new module shall establish the secure data path between two local clouds with the help of TCP sockets and a RabbitMQ broker (based on AMQP - Advanced Message Queueing Protocol). The implementation for the proof of concept is written in Java. This paper describes the planning, implementation and verification steps of this solution. | https://diplomaterv.vik.bme.hu/en/Theses/Lokalis-IoT-felhok-kozotti-biztonsagos |
Co-operative Earth observation research policy report released
The European Commission’s EPIC Project has released new policy recommendations for co-operative Earth observation research projects between the EU and Singapore. The European-Pacific Partnership for...
World first: directing stem cells to cardiac tissue
Researchers at the University of Bristol, UK, may have found a way of radically improving treatment for cardiovascular disease by directing stem cells to...
AI in smart farming: new system kills weeds in real time
Disruptive innovation consultancy firm Cambridge Consultants has announced a new programme integrating AI in smart farming projects. The ‘AI at the edge’ initiative, which aims...
Deep space exploration could be achieved with AI deep learning tool
Galaxy clusters are some of the most massive structures in the cosmos, but despite being millions of lightyears across, they’re still hard to spot...
Neuroscience research: how to ensure reliability for neuroimaging datasets
According to the paper published in Nature, large scale datasets are needed for neuroscience research to study individual differences. The paper focuses on how to...
The origin of the yellow fever virus epidemic in Brazil is found in dead...
Scientists from Adolfo Lutz Institute (IAL) and the University of São Paulo (USP) have found the virus origin of yellow fever epidemic in Brazil...
Public health scientists challenge anti-vaxxers on childhood vaccination
An international group of public health scientists have launched a new statement challenging anti-vaxxers and inaccurate information on childhood vaccination. The Salzburg Statement on Vaccination...
Neurodevelopmental communication disorders: how lateralisation of speech in the brain works
A breakthrough has been made in understanding the lateralisation of speech in the brain, and how this affects neurodevelopmental communication disorders. The study on how...
‘Oumuamua: is the first interstellar object to visit our solar system an alien spacecraft?
Astronomers discovered 'Oumuamua, the first known interstellar object to visit our solar system on October 19, 2017. But is it an alien spacecraft? The strange...
Genome sequence data warns researchers of unique jellyfish traits and venomous toxins
An article in the Open Access journal GigaScience presents the genome sequence data from different jellyfish species and describes their venomous toxins. According to GigaScience,... | https://www.scitecheuropa.eu/category/news/page/2/ |
A blindfolded lady holding scales and a sword, this is the metaphorical embodiment of Justice. The parts of this portrayal make a reasonable and adjusted equity framework insofar as the framework tails them. The scales speak to adjust, in which each bit of proof for...
Home / Essay Samples / Social Issues / Inequality
Essays on Inequality
This paper encompasses the research done regarding societal standing, equal opportunity in education, diversity, and inclusive schools/education. This has resulted in a better understanding of how social stratification works and that it is used to separate people into the upper, middle, and lower class. Students...
This essay will assess a valuation of a policy that I have chosen to reduce inequality. This policy will be developed to some extent that could be improved. As to help improve the policy, I will analyze the potential benefits and limitations demonstrated through its...
People from different backgrounds and social communities living in different countries enjoy health at different levels. In Australia, the level of health enjoyed by its citizens is generally good, however, good health is sometimes not shared equally. There are noticeable differences in the health status...
Many people from different countries have asked the same problem, “Is the caste system still existing nowadays?”. To answer this question, a journalist from Buzzorange asked five Indian friends in 2017. In terms of law, the caste system was abolished more than 60 years and...
India is a multi-diverse, multi-linguistic country with numerous religions and caste simultaneously co-existing under one roof since millennia. What is this caste? It is nothing but a relative segregation of society into different classes based on purity and social status. The four hierarchically ranked castes...
Caste is a bane that has been a menace to the Indian society since ancient times. Its origin can be traced back to the ancient times. Its claws are so deep in our system that it has continued to flourish for centuries and holds prominence...
Everyone has an opinion on what the word gender means to them. Some believe male and female are the only two genders, with strict beliefs about each of these genders’ rightful roles in society. Others believe gender is just a social construct, with each individual...
The U. S Constitution grants Americans simple laws and basic rights. Is this document a living document or a framework set for us to follow? This is a topic that many people have been discussing for a while. Some people say it is a living...
Is the U. S. Constitution a living document or a black and white document? That has been a question for centuries. I personally think that it is a living document and that is changes with the country. If you can add information to it than...
Trying to find an excellent essay sample but no results?
Don’t waste your time and get a professional writer to help! | https://samplius.com/free-essay-examples/inequality/ |
American Literature before 1865 Panel at PAMLA
This session welcomes papers that explore any aspect of American Literature before 1865, including American Renaissance, Colonial, and Puritan literature. While we are open to papers dealing with a variety of topics and authors during this time period, we are particularly interested in papers that engage with the special conference theme of "Acting, Roles, Stages." As such, papers dealing with issues such as acting as art and metaphor, theories of role play and theatricality, and conceptions of the world stage and the public audience in American Literature prior to 1865 are particularly welcome. If your paper does not tap into these specific themes but deals with literary topics relevant to this era, you are still more than welcome to submit a proposal. Possible topics could also include, but are not limited to: the role of acting and the theater in literature and/or drama prior to the Civil War; the influence of literary movements on performance and stagecraft techniques; performative identities and the staging of everyday life; social roles, role play, and societal expectations; individuals who use performance to elicit social change; and questions of truth/sincerity in light of performativity.
This panel is part of the 116th annual Pacific Ancient and Modern Language (PAMLA) conference which will be held in Bellingham, Washington from Friday, November 9th until Sunday, November 11th, 2018. To submit a proposal for this session, please go to https://www.pamla.org/2018/topic-areas and select "American Literature before 1865." Once you have created an account you will be able to use the online submission system to submit a proposal.
If you have any questions about this panel, feel free to email me: [email protected]
Best Wishes, | https://call-for-papers.sas.upenn.edu/cfp/2018/05/15/american-literature-before-1865-panel-at-pamla |
pendulum.
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s ^2 .
and the Coulomb constant is 8.99 × 10 ^9 N · m ^2 /C^2 .
Find the period of oscillation. Answer in
units of s. | http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/385-c-charged-079-g-cork-ball-suspended-vertically-0533-m-long-light-string-presence-unifo-q180415 |
This question is an example of a multiple choice question.
In a multiple choice question, you select one or more possible answers from a list of choices. This means that your answer to the question must be at least partially correct.
The answer to this question is B. The angle between p and q is 135 degrees and the angle between q and r is 45 degrees. Thus, each of these angles must be greater than 0 degrees but less than 90 degrees. This eliminates choices A and C because they both contain angles greater than 90 degrees. Choice D is also incorrect because it contains an angle less than 90 degrees (in fact, it contains two angles less than 90 degrees).
OR
The angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees. So, the sum of the angles of pqr is 5+20+40=85°.
The angle sum of a triangle is always 180°. So, if you know the three angles in a triangle, you can find all other angles.
In this example we want to find the angle at B and C. Since A is opposite B, we can use this formula: | https://answerlic.com/what-are-the-angles-of-pqr/ |
A while ago, someone asked me how to rotate heightfields. Not even every terrain editor offers an option to rotate a heightfield 90°, which could be easily implemented. TG2 doesn’t provide this functionality either, let alone rotation by an arbitrary angle. Only 180° rotation is possible – by setting both Flip options.
Using the following method, you will be able to rotate heightfields by an angle in the range (-90°, 90°). That is excluding -90° and 90°. Rotations by 90° and multiples should be performed in an external editor.
Idea und Implementation
The idea is as follows: We can not assign a certain point to a new position just like that, but we can calculate the theoretical position after rotation and try to move the point there. Unfortunately, you can’t really do this in TG2. Which is why we’ll take a different approach.
In the illustrations on the right the z and x axes are plotted as well as a grey square. Those drawings show what we want to do. In addition, there is a screenshot of the node network below, showing the implementation of the rotation in detail.
Step 1: The higher the z value of a point, the further it has to be moved along the x vector. To achieve this, we use Displacement (Lateral Only), which we restrict to the x vector using the Redirect shader. Thanks to Get Position in Geometry, the axis is being displaced, too.
The alpha (α) angle is the angle by which we rotate the shader. The method to calculate the right factor for displacement from Alpha will be explained below.
Step 2: The higher the x value, the more displacement along the negative z vector. Instead of inverting the scalar, you can set the Multiplier in the Displacement Shader to -1, this saves a Shader and thus render time.
Voilà: We rotated our Shader!
Factor and Implementation Details
The higher the z value of a point, the further it is moved along the x vector. The question now is: If z is, say 1m – do we move that point by 1m too? That depends on the angle by which we rotate, if it’s greater then ratio of z and the Displacement Strength is greater too. That ratio is exactly the tangent of our angle Alpha. (Explanations for tangent etc. can be found at Wikipedia)
Luckily, TG2 is already equipped with the tangent function. However, it doesn’t take values in degrees but in radian, instead. It is: 180°=π(pi) rad. As I want to enter the Alpha scalar in degrees, I have to convert the degree value by division by 180°/π. (You could also multiply by π/ 180°)
All we have to do now is multiply the z and x values by the above calculated ratio, push them through a Displacement Shader and hook them up to a Redirect Shader. A single Redirect Shader is enough.
Application and Side Effects
The method described is working quite well. The following images show (from left to right): The terrain without any rotation, the terrain rotated by 0°, 45°, -45°. Camera, sun and terrain scale have been adjusted each time for comparability.
There’s no visible difference between rotation by 0° and disabled rotation. The terrain doesn’t change using angles of ±45° either. Slight differences in the look of the surface are caused by the shaders used for Fractal Breakup, which were not rotated.
This is what a rotation by 45° looks like in the preview:
It’s easy to see that the heightfield is much wider now. By the factor 1/cos(α) wider. You can use a Heightfield-Resize-Operator to scale the width and length of the heightfield down to original width · cos(α). You have to calculate this manually, Google’s built-in calculator will help you with that. Heightfield-Resize also resizes height – in order to undo this, we multiply the height by 1/cos(α) using Adjust Vertical or the Height-Multiplier in the Heightfield Shader.
That procedure gets more important as the angles get larger. However, values of 70° or higher will cause heavy side effects like strong darkening of the terrain and other by-products of extreme displacement. Therefore, when trying to rotate by large angles you should rotate in 90° steps in an external program beforehand.
Clip File and Usage
The clip file can be downloaded here. The screen shot on the right shows how to integrate it with your network.
That’s it! I hope I explained this method clearly.
Comments and critique are welcome, as always. | http://en.tgblog.de/?p=29 |
Product:
CrazyTalk Animator 3
Version:
3.12
Status:
Active
Issue 2341
Wishful Features: PSD Templates for 90, 135, 180 angle
After watching the tutorial from 2DAnimation101 I realise that we can change from side (45 & 135 degree angle) to the (front 0 degree angle). I'm thinking that since we can create all kind of character with G3 characters, it would be convinient for the users to be able to animate their own custom character if we have more angles. more story to be told, easier to animate, and have more Appeal than the G2 Character.
I hope my suggestion will be considered and be the part of your plan on the future
Thanks!
OS: Windows 10
0
1653
Suggestion
Submitted by
Koschkov
2017/06/11 14:10:25
COMMENTS (0)
You are going to edit a submitted issue. This issue will be changed to private draft mode until you click submit again. Are you sure?
Do you want to delete this issue? | https://www.reallusion.com/FeedBackTracker/Issue/Wishful-Features-PSD-Templates-for-90-135-180-angle |
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess the association and correlation between the overjet and muscle activity (the masseter and temporalis muscles) in patient with Class II malocclusion in different genders using surface electromyography (sEMG).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The overjet (measured clinically) and electromyographical activity (rest, chew, post chew rest, clench and post clench rest) of the masseter and temporalis muscle of class II malocclusion patient were assessed in 18 patients (3 males and 15 females) from the School of Dental Science, Hospital University Sains Malaysia.
RESULTS: The results were compared by simple linear regression test to evaluate the association between overjet and muscle activity in different genders. Class II malocclusion patients with increased overjet group showed significant association with masseter muscle activity on chewing stage (P = 0.005, F = 6.081 and adj-R2 = 0.473). Left temporalis muscle in class II malocclusion showed a significant linear association (P = 0.014, F = 0.812 and adj-R2= −0.034) with gender during clench.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, class II malocclusion patient with increased overjet can affect masticatory muscle function and as well as clench force may differ in gender.
Overjet is the overlapping of the upper anterior teeth over the lowers in the horizontal plane. Specifically, the extent of horizontal (anterior–posterior) overlap of the maxillary central incisors over the mandibular central incisors. Overjet of 2–3 mm is considered normal. In class II (division I) malocclusion, the overjet is increased (more than 2–3 mm) as the maxillary central incisors are protruded. Because overjet is a very important component for diagnosing class II malocclusion, it may also have some relation with masticatory muscle.
Class II malocclusion is the condition where the maxillary first molar is even with or anterior to the mandibular first molar and the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar is distal to the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar. The distal surface of the mandibular canine is distal to the mesial surface of the maxillary canine by at least the width of a premolar. In this unusual relationship, the upper front teeth and jaw project more forward than the lower teeth and jaw. Class II malocclusions represent the most common skeletal discrepancy which orthodontists mostly treat in daily practice. However, some controversy remains regarding the treatment effects and relapse of class II malocclusion as masticatory muscles have some association with this. Most patients with class II malocclusion present with hyperactive perioral muscle with altered tongue position. Some association of masticatory muscle with class II malocclusion has also been reported.
To evaluate the relationship between overjet and muscle activity electromyography has an important role. Electromyography (EMG) is well-defined for recording and studying the fundamental electrical properties of skeletal muscle by superficial or needle electrodes, which determine whether the muscle is contracting. EMG is used for diagnostic purposes in recording the electrical activity generated in muscles. Moreover, EMG plays an important role in the diagnosis of facial muscles during orthodontic treatment related to neuromuscular approach and facial pain associated with the use of functional appliances. Usually, surface EMG (sEMG) is used to assess muscle function by recording muscle activity from the surface above the muscle on the skin using a pair of electrodes. sEMG is a noninvasive investigation of the bioelectrical phenomena of muscular contraction. It adequately allows examination of important muscles involved in chewing, swallowing, and maintaining posture of the head (typically masseter, temporalis anterior and posterior, digastric anterior, sternocleidomastoid). Usually, the temporalis provides a basis for mandibular balance and postural control and the masseter is used during grinding and chewing. In dentistry, EMG is used to assess the muscles of the head and neck at rest and in function.
The severity of Class II malocclusion depends on overjet, and thus is also related to masticatory muscle function. Increased overjet leads to hyperactive perioral muscle function. Modified muscle activity can help as a stimulating factor during orthodontic management. The aim of this study was to assess the association and correlation between the overjet and muscle activity (masseter and temporalis muscles) in patients, of both genders, with Class II malocclusion using sEMG.
In this study, all participants provided their verbal and written informed consent. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). Letter from Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) assigned a study protocol code USM/JEPeM/15120575.
The participants of this study consisted of a total of 18 individuals (3 males and 15 females). Participants were patients referred from orthodontic clinic, School of Dental Science, HUSM.
Patients with sound erupted permanent teeth (except considering 3rd molars).
Patients having pathology within the maxilla or mandible.
Intraoral examination was performed to detect Class II malocclusion (according to Angle's classification of malocclusion ) and measurement of overjet.
Measured from the labial surface of the lower anteriors to the incisal edge of upper anteriors by using a millimeter ruler.
sEMG of muscles was performed using a two-channel EMG device (MyoTrac Infiniti 2 Channel sEMG w/Rehab Suite & Continence Suite- T9855; made in Canada). It is a computerized device where the Infiniti software allows to measure high-resolution sEMG at 60 Hz.
Pre-gelled and self-adhesive electrodes (Ambu Neuroline 720 Electrodes) were used. Electrode size was 30 mm × 22 mm and for single patient use only, which is best for recording sEMG in facial region. A total three surface leads were used to record muscle activity for the temporalis and masseter muscle respectively. Two of those electrodes were recording electrode and another one was reference electrode for each side.
The patients were given clear instructions before the sEMG recording.
For clenching, patients were instructed to clench with pressure and continuously.
The sEMG recording was started with right temporalis muscle being at rest for 10 seconds, followed by 10 seconds of chewing on the right side and 10 seconds of rest. Again, recording was done for the left temporalis muscle being at rest for 10 seconds, followed by 10 seconds of chewing on the left side and then 10 seconds of rest. After that clenching of the right and left temporalis muscle was recorded together at rest for 10 seconds, 10 seconds of continuous clenching, ending with another 10 seconds of rest. Masseter muscle activity during chewing and clenching was recorded accordingly [Figure 1].
The data were verified and analyzed statistically using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 22.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.) with confidence level set at 5% (P < 0.05) to test for significance. Mean amplitude of the muscles (temporalis and masseter) in patients with Class II malocclusion during resting stage, left chewing stage, right chewing stage, post chew resting stage, during clenching stage, and post clench basal stage were compared with gender and overjet individually. The data were analyzed by simple linear regression test.
The study duration was six months (March 2016 to August 2016). A total of 18 patients (3 males and 15 females) were selected for this study with a mean age of 20.17 years.
Statistical analysis using linear regression test showed no significant linear association (P > 0.05) of gender with masseter muscle (right and left) during resting, chewing, and post chew resting [Table 1]. Result showed F value = 1.115, R2 = 0.193, and adj-R2 = 0.020, which explained 19.3% of the variation in the total gender by masseter muscle on chewing. Temporalis muscle (right and left) during resting, chewing, and post chew resting showed no significant linear association (P > 0.05) with gender [Table 2]; F value = 1.403, R2 = 0.231, and adj-R2 = 0.066. It is explained 23.1% of the variation in the gender by temporalis muscle while chewing. Statistical analysis also showed no significant linear association (P > 0.05) of gender with masseter muscle (right and left) during resting, clench, and post clench resting [Table 3]. Here, F value = 1.501, R2 = 0.243 and adj-R2 = 0.081. It explained 24.3% of the variation in gender by masseter muscle on clenching. Right temporalis muscle during resting, clench, and post clench resting showed no significant linear association (P > 0.05) with gender [Table 4]. However, left temporalis muscle showed a significant linear association (P = 0.014) with gender during clench [Table 4], where, F value = 0.812, R2 = 0.148, and adj-R2 = −0.034. It explained 14.8% of the variation in the total gender by left temporalis muscle during clench on [Figure 2].
Statistical analysis of parameters using linear regression test showed a significant linear association (P = 0.005) of overjet with masseter muscle (right and left) during resting, chewing, and post chew resting [Table 5]. Result showed F value = 6.081, R2 = 0.566, and adj-R2 = 0.473 [Figure 3]. It indicates 56.6% of the variation in the total overjet by masseter muscle on chewing [Figure 4]. Temporalis muscle (right and left) during resting, chewing, and post chew resting showed no significant linear association (P > 0.05) with overjet [Table 6]. Here, F value = 1.611, R2 = 0.257, and adj-R2 = 0.097. It is explained 25.7% of the variation in the total overjet by temporalis muscle during chewing. Statistical analysis also showed no significant linear association (P > 0.05) of overjet with masseter muscle (right and left) during resting, clench, and post clench resting [Table 7]. Here, F value = 0.240 and R2 = 0.049. It is explained 4.9% of the variation in the total overjet by masseter muscle while clench. Temporalis muscle (right and left) during resting, clench, and post clench resting showed no significant linear association (P > 0.05) with overjet [Table 8]. Here, F value = 2.637, R2 = 0.361, and adj-R2 = 0.224. It explains 36.1% of the variation in the total overjet by temporalis muscle during clench.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the association of overjet with masseter and temporalis muscle in class II malocclusion patients. Masseter and temporalis muscle activity were measured during rest, chewing, post chewing rest, clench and post clench rest. Usually patients with class II malocclusion show increased overjet and abnormal muscle activity. Mainly, class to malocclusion cause incompetent and short lip. This increased overjet is associated with temporomandibular joint problem. However, masticatory muscle plays an important role in TMJ movement. This overjet can indirectly affect this masticatory muscle function. The present study tried to find out the relationship or association between overjet and masticatory muscle, mainly masseter and temporalis muscles.
Direct comparison of the present study with previous studies was limited because none of the previous researchers compared overjet with muscle activity. None of the study associated the relationship of overjet with masticatory muscle. The current study compared the muscle activity of masseter and temporalis with overjet in class II malocclusion patients. Class II malocclusion patient with increased overjet group showed significant association with masseter muscle activity on chewing stage, however, there were no association found in masseter on clench, temporalis during chewing, and temporalis on clench stage. Regarding gender, only left temporalis muscle showed significant association during clench. Muscle activity during clench in different age, gender, and tooth morphology can act differently.
A study was conducted by Castroflorio et al. in 2005 to investigate the effect of inter electrode distance on the estimated amplitude and spectral EMG variables. He stated that it is very important to choose appropriate electrode and follow proper placement. For EMG study, muscle activity recording can be interrupt with surrounding mistakes. The present study followed anatomically electrode placement to avoid modified muscle recording.
In 2008, Moreno et al. compared the electromyographic activity in between clenching, swallowing and chewing in jaw muscles. Where the result found that temporalis muscle is more active than the masseter during clench. Even though temporalis muscle exists more bite force than other jaw muscles. However, regarding chewing activity of temporalis muscle, it decreases in class II malocclusion. Present research of class II malocclusion found the same. Muscle activity increased in masseter and decrease in temporalis during chewing.
According to Singh et al., there is a significant difference in muscle activity of patient between normal occlusion and various malocclusion. This indicates the association of malocclusion with muscle activity (like chewing, clench, grinding, blowing etc.). However, previous studies were concerned for muscle activity in different malocclusion in a specific position. Present study evaluated muscle activity in different position with overjet, which is an important factor of class II malocclusion. Result found a significant association of masseter muscle with increased overjet in class II malocclusion.
Furthermore, EMG activity of masticatory and facial muscle revels a highly significant difference with gender. Low-level tooth-clench constantly produced fatigue sensation and maximum bite force increase muscle activity. These two situations fluctuate in gender., Present study also found an association in gender.
Alam and Iida in 2013 compared the effect of overjet and overbite on anterior tooth size ratios. Result showed a significant difference in overall tooth size ratio between those with normal, increased or decreased overjet. Even in the present study, increased overjet showed a significant association with muscle function. This increased overjet may increase muscle activity than the normal.
In conclusion, present study found a highly linear association of right and left masseter muscle increased activity with overjet during chewing. However, it can be speculate that class II malocclusion patient with increased overjet can affect masticatory muscle function. For gender, it showed linear association with left temporalis muscle during maximum clench. Thus, indicated clench force of class II malocclusion patient may differ in gender.
USM RU grant 1001/PPSG/812154 and USM fellowship.
The authors have declared that no conflict of interest.
Singh G. Textbook of orthodontics. Classification of malocclusion. Chapter 14. JP Medical Ltd; 2015. pp 171-87.
Iyyer B, Bhalajhi SI, Bhalajhi SI. Orthodontics: The art and science. Chapter 2. Occlusion and malocclusion, Arya (Medi) Publ; 2012. pp. 59-67.
Lau JWP, Hägg U. Orthodontics: Cephalometric morphology of Chinese with Class II Division 1 malocclusion. Br Dent J 1991;86:188-90.
Criswell E. Cram's introduction to surface electromyography. Chapter 1. Introduction Jones & Bartlett Publishers, City; 2010. pp. 5-7.
Nishi SE, Basri R, Alam MK, Komatsu S, Komori A, Sugita Y, et al. Evaluation of Masticatory Muscles Function in Different Malocclusion Cases Using Surface Electromyography. J Hard Tissue Biol 2017;26:23-8.
Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Tartaglia GM, Dellavia C. Immediate effect of a stabilization splint on masticatory muscle activity in temporomandibular disorder patients. J Oral Rehabil 2002;29:810-5.
Schumann NP, Bongers K, Guntinas-Lichius O, Scholle HC. Facial muscle activation patterns in healthy male humans: A multi-channel surface EMG study. J Neurosci Methods 2010;187:120-8.
Nishi SE, Basri R, Alam MK. Uses of electromyography in dentistry: An overview with meta-analysis. Eur J Dent 2016;10:419.
Alam MK, Rahman SA, Basri R, Yi TTS, Si-Jie, JW, Saha S. Correction: Dental Implants-Perceiving Patients' Satisfaction in Relation to Clinical and Electromyography Study on Implant Patients. PloS one 2015;10.
Suvinen TI, Kemppainen P. Review of clinical EMG studies related to muscle and occlusal factors in healthy and TMD subjects. J Oral Rehabil 2007;34:631-44.
Pullinger AG, Seligman DA. Overbite and overjet characteristics of refined diagnostic groups of temporomandibular disorder patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991;100:401-15.
Castroflorio T, Farina D, Bottin A, Piancino MG, Bracco P, Merletti R. Surface EMG of jaw elevator muscles: Effect of electrode location and inter-electrode distance. J Oral Rehabil 2005;32:411-7.
Drost G, Stegeman DF, van Engelen BG, Zwarts MJ. Clinical applications of high-density surface EMG: A systematic review. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2006;16:586-602.
Kerstein RB. Reducing chronic masseter and temporalis muscular hyperactivity with computer-guided occlusal adjustments. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2010;31:530-4.
García-Morales P, Buschang PH, Throckmorton GS, English JD. Maximum bite force, muscle efficiency and mechanical advantage in children with vertical growth patterns. Eur J Orthodont 2003;25:265-72.
Leung DK, Hägg U. An electromyographic investigation of the first six months of progressive mandibular advancement of the Herbst appliance in adolescents. Angle orthod 2001;71:177-84.
Uysal T, Yagci A, Kara S, Okkesim S. Influence of Pre-Orthodontic Trainer treatment on the perioral and masticatory muscles in patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion. Eur J Orthodont 2012,34:96-101.
Cecilio FA, Regalo SC, Palinkas M, Issa JP, Siéssere S, Hallak JE, et al. Ageing and surface EMG activity patterns of masticatory muscles. J Oral Rehabil 2010;37:248-55.
Moreno I, Sanchez T, Ardizone I, Aneiros F, Celemin A. Electromyographic comparisons between clenching, swallowing and chewing in jaw muscles with varying occlusal parameters. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2008;13:207.
Singh S, Sandhu N, Kashyap R. A study of bite force and various variables in children segregated by angle's classification. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2012;5:118-23.
Lindauer SJ, Gay T, Rendell J. Effect of jaw opening on masticatory muscle EMG-force characteristics. J Dent Res 1993;72:51-5.
Torisu T, Wang K, Svensson P, De Laat A, Fujii H, Arendt-Nielsen L. Effects of muscle fatigue induced by low-level clenching on experimental muscle pain and resting jaw muscle activity: Gender differences. Exp Brain Res 2006;174:566-74.
Alam MK, Iida J. Overjet, overbite and dental midline shift as predictors of tooth size discrepancy in a Bangladeshi population and a graphical overview of global tooth size ratios. Acta Odontolo Scand 2013;71:1520-31. | http://www.jorthodsci.org/article.asp?issn=2278-0203;year=2018;volume=7;issue=1;spage=3;epage=3;aulast=Nishi |
Occlusion defines the relationship between the maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) jaws and teeth.
Malocclusion is diagnosed and assessed according to the Angle’s classes. The situation between the first permanent molar teeth of upper and lower jaws is assessed (usually they get cut when the child reaches the age of 6).
- Class I. The occlusion is normal and close to perfect.
- Class II. The upper jaw is bigger than the lower jaw. The upper front teeth are inclined sideward, forward or inward. The overjet of teeth makes the lower jaw seem retracted and the chin seems small.
- Class III. The upper jaw is set too deep, while the lower jaw is inclined forward too much. Therefore, the upper front teeth are behind the lower front teeth. It may be difficult to chew and the patient’s chin is protrusive.
Why is malocclusion formed?
The formation of malocclusion may be affected by heredity, genetics, inappropriate dental care, and other reasons.
The malocclusion may be formed because of the following reasons:
- Poor care of milk-teeth,
- Habit to suck something (e.g., thumb) in order to calm down formed in childhood; or the baby’s dummy is used too long
- Irregular breathing, breathing through mouth (e.g., I case of frequent cold or respiratory diseases in childhood)
- Untimely prosthesis in case of early loss or extraction of tooth/teeth. In such cases other teeth also change their position and the occlusion gets deformed.
- Grinding of the teeth (bruxism) caused by stress, tension, etc. The teeth get worn and the occlusion gets deeper and worse. | https://www.kicklinika.lt/en/occlusion-what-is-it/ |
This case report shows the successful treatment of Angle Class II maxillary protrusion using a mini-screw as orthodontic anchorage at the maxillary tubercle. A 28-year-old female had an overjet of +6.3 mm, and was missing the upper left first and right second molars. An orthodontic mini-screw was placed at the left maxillary tubercle as anchorage for the retraction of the incisor segment. This was followed by alignment of the dental arches with an edgewise appliance following extraction of the upper right first and lower bilateral second premolars. Good occlusion and facial aesthetics were achieved. The maxillary tubercle is a useful place for the application of a mini-screw to provide anchorage, if there is enough space for mini-screw placement. | https://tohoku.pure.elsevier.com/ja/publications/application-of-a-mini-screw-at-the-maxillary-tubercle-for-treatme |
Class II Malocclusion Treatment with the Distal Active Concept Technique
Asian Journal of Dental Sciences,
Page 66-73
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this case report is to evaluate the skeletal and dental effects of the Distal Active Concept (DAC) technique in an adolescent female patient.
Presentation of Case: The patient is a 14-year-old female who presented with a skeletal class II malocclusion, class II division 1 dental relationship, and protrusion of upper and lower incisors. She was treated using the DAC technique which relies mainly on the use of double class II elastics to correct the Class II malocclusion and is indicated for treating young patients presenting a skeletal class II division 1 malocclusion caused by a retrognathic mandible without extraction of premolars. During the distalization phase of the DAC technique, open coil springs are inserted in compression against the maxillary first molars and are associated with double class II elastics on each side to correct the molar et canine class II relationship. Bite turbos made of glass ionomer cement are placed on the occlusal surfaces of the lower first molars to facilitate the forward movement of the mandible.
Results: The upper lip protrusion was reduced after retraction of maxillary incisors so that the facial profile became more balanced. The patient’s occlusion was finished with a bilateral molar and canine class I relationship. No skeletal changes were obtained. The class II malocclusion was corrected mainly by dentoalveolar compensation. The maxillary incisors were retracted by 2 mm and the mandibular ones were protruded and intruded by 2 mm. Consequently, the overjet decreased from 6 to 2 mm, and the overbite from 4 to 2 mm. The upper first molar tipped slightly distally whereas the lower first molar moved mesially by 2 mm.
Conclusion: Orthopedic growth modification with the Distal Active Concept therapy can be attained, provided that the patient’s remaining pubertal growth is adequate. Otherwise, the skeletal discrepancy will remain the same, and the class II malocclusion will be corrected only by dental camouflage.
Keywords:
- Class II division 1 malocclusion
- class II skeletal discrepancy
- distal active concept
How to Cite
References
Yüksel Coşkun E, Esenlik E. A Prospective Study Comparing Adolescent and Post-Adolescent Periods Regarding Effects of Activator Appliance in Patients with Class II Mandibular Retrognathia by Using 3dMDface Analysis and Cephalometry, Med. Sci. Monit. 2020;26. DOI: 10.12659/MSM.921401.
Cozza P. Dentoskeletal effects and facial profile changes during activator therapy, Eur. J. Orthod. 2004;26(3):293–302.
DOI: 101093/ejo/26.3.293.
Kirjavainen M, Kirjavainen T. Upper Airway Dimensions in Class II Malocclusion, Angle Orthod. 2007;77(6):1046–1053. DOI: 10.2319/081406-332.
Özer T, Kama JD, Özer SY. A practical method for determining pubertal growth spurt. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130(2):131.e1-131.e6. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.01.019.
Turkkahraman H, Eliacik SK, Findik Y. “Effects of miniplate anchored and conventional Forsus Fatigue Resistant Devices in the treatment of Class II malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 2016;86(6): 1026–1032. DOI: 10.2319/122515-887.1.
Gebeile-Chauty S, Archer JA, Lautrou A, Aknin JJ. Traitement interceptif DAC: analyse structurale,” Orthod. Fr. 2007; 78(4):283–294. DOI: 10.1051/orthodfr:2007036 (French).
Dénarié S, Gebeile-Chauty S, Aknin JJ. “Conséquences esthétiques du traitement de la classe II: étude comparative Distal Active Concept (DAC)/Forces Extra-Buccales (FEB), Orthod. Fr. 2010;81(3): 209–220. DOI: 10.1051/orthodfr/2010019 (French).
Gebeile-Chauty S, Schott AM, Morra L, Aknin JJ. Les forces extra-buccales sont-elles justifiées dans le traitement précoce des classes II? Orthod. Fr. 2009;80(3): 265–277. DOI:10.1051/orthodfr/200902020 (French).
Aknin JJ, Gebeile S. La thérapeutique du «Distal Active Concept» appliquée à la denture mixte : une étude comparative. Orthod. Fr. 2001;72(4):355–373. DOI:10.1051/orthodfr/200172355 (French).
“Class II Skeletal and Class II Dental: Non-Compliant,” in Atlas of Orthodontic Case Reviews, Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2017;109–126. DOI: 101002/9781119303787.ch8. | https://journalajds.com/index.php/AJDS/article/view/30192 |
- Objectives: To explore the relationship between executive function, as assessed by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Parent Form Questionnaire (BRIEF®), and incisor trauma in the mixed dentition. Second, to assess other risk factors such as malocclusion, medical/dental history, and daily activities. Methods: This pilot study included 2 groups: a test group with history of incisor trauma (n=28) and a control group (n=30) with no history of incisor trauma. Subjects’ parents completed the BRIEF® that was scored to assess their child’s level of executive function, while a clinical examination was performed to assess subjects’ occlusal relationships. Parents completed a customized questionnaire regarding their child’s medical history and daily activities. The BRIEF® scores, occlusal characteristics, medical history, and reported daily activities were analyzed to determine if there was a significant difference between the test and control groups using a Fisher Exact and unpaired t-tests. Level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to AP dental relationship (p=0.01), with the trauma group having a greater percentage of participants with a Class II molar and canine relationship. There was no significant difference between groups with respect to mean BRIEF® t-scores within any of the individual subscales, indices, or Global Executive Composite. However, there was a statistically significant difference with respect to the percentage of subjects with clinically significant (≥65) BRIEF® t-scores within the Inhibit (p=0.05) and Emotional Control (p=0.02) subscales and Behavioral Regulation Index (p=0.02). There were no statistically significant differences between groups with respect to age, gender, overbite, overjet, medical history, BMI, or reported daily activities. Conclusion: Those with a Class II relationship are at greater risk for incisor injury, as well as those who are more involved in outdoor activities. There appears to be a link between certain specific executive dysfunctions (i.e. impulsivity and emotional control) and incisor trauma. A larger sample is needed to further investigate the relationship between the multidimensional Executive Function Disorder and incisor trauma.
- Date of publication
- May 2016
- Keyword
- DOI
- Resource type
- Rights statement
- In Copyright
- Advisor
-
- Stein, Margot
-
- Phillips, Ceib
-
- Koroluk, Lorne
- Degree
- Master of Science
- Degree granting institution
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
- Graduation year
- 2016
- Language
- Parents:
This work has no parents. | https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/concern/dissertations/6q182k35t |
and industry specific factors, including growing demand for bulk material handling for increased production.
A study has revealed that this market growth will be upheld by
advancements in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) which is enabling end-users to efficiently manage conveyor belt scale systems.
Integration of sensors in conveyor systems is allowing end-user industries to remotely monitor the functioning of different parts of conveyor belt scales systems. In addition, IIoT technologies are aiding companies across
different industries in collecting valuable data which can be leveraged to predict maintenance requirements and evaluate production flows and rates.
The study further shows that quick and efficient identification of defective parts in belt scale systems is aiding end-user industries in substantially reducing downtime. Leveraging its capabilities, companies are monitoring real-time data to optimise production and manufacturing processes.
Additionally, remote monitoring, predictive maintenance, and optimisation are helping companies reduce dependency on manual labour and save on overhead costs. | https://bulkhandlingtoday.co.za/2019/05/28/iiot-to-boost-conveyor-belt-sales/ |
To support the Commission goals, facilitate departmental requirements, enable and connect the City of Sarasota to information. To provide a 24-hour City Hall for the residents of Sarasota. To enable residents to initiate every transaction required to secure City services.
Value Statement
Following its core tenets of security, stability, and quality customer service, the Information Technology (IT) Department handles all aspects of technology, both existing and emerging, for the City of Sarasota including:
- Networking and Telecommunications: The design and maintenance of all network infrastructure that links the various City departments and sites together to include the latest in fiber, Ethernet, copper trunks, VOIP, and wireless technologies to support all communications and high-speed access to applications and resources.
- Peripherals: The many computers, printers, plotters, scanners, and mobile devices that allow the various departments to daily serve our citizens.
- Customer Support: The quality support of the departments via in-person assistance, phone support, IM and remote troubleshooting for all hardware, applications, and access issues.
- Security: The confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the City's systems, applications, and network in an always on, secure system.
- Geographic Information Systems (GIS): The enterprise-wide data infrastructure for all GIS databases, GIS process mapping, and the web-based GIS data viewer for both internal and external customers facilitating integration with real-time deployed solutions. | https://www.sarasotafl.gov/government/information-technology |
Address:
Phone: (615) 322-2631
Type: Nonprofit College or University
Qualtech Systems, Inc. (QSI), in collaboration with Vanderbilt University (VU) proposes to develop a state-of-the art Health Management System (HMS) system consisting of a small form factor GPS-enabled onboard computer, a small display for crew, and sensors for boat and engine vibration, OBD data, engine oil quality monitoring, and battery health monitoring. The HMS system will provide Wi-Fi and web interface for additional crew interaction and guided troubleshooting for maintenance personnel. It will interface with shore station to download data and support display, visualization and analysis of logged data. The key features of the HMS include: (a) Low hardware cost by leveraging industrial-grade computers ruggedized to military specifications, (b) Anomaly detection and prognostics for engine and battery health, (c) Intelligent logging of data, (d) shore based analytics and prognostics, and (e) Health management and guided troubleshooting capabilities with integrated ground station support. The proposed HMS will provide real-time diagnostics and prognostics capability resulting in improved operational readiness and lower life-cycle costs. While the target platforms proposed here are Navy power boats (PB34), the solution developed herein can be applied to a wide variety of vehicles and platforms, including ground vehicles, UAVs, unmanned boats and submarines. | https://www.sbir.gov/node/1851921 |
If you don’t measure it, you can’t manage it.
This quote aptly applies to the art and science of administering an enterprise network. Managing an enterprise network is not just about doing design and deploying network equipment, it also entails end-user support and incident response. Companies whose design and operations groups don’t communicate nor use common performance monitoring tools will have a hard time providing quick response to incidents and will lose many man-hours to troubleshoot issues that affect the end user.
Generally, network architects and engineers who designed the infrastructure have the necessary knowledge of the infrastructure to select and configure the monitoring tool that can best enable the support team in providing quick detection and incident response.
Let me bring up some examples of how measuring network availability and performance from the end-user perspective can save time in the detection and resolution of network problems, improving performance and availability. Performance network monitoring tools can empower help desk operators to address more problems without having to rely on escalation to higher levels or on spending time over the phone with the end-user to request information needed to troubleshoot the issue.
With NetBeez, wired or wireless monitoring agents are physically installed at remote locations to continuously gather network and application performance information. Without real-time and historical data of network and application performance from the remote user’s perspective, when an issue arises, the help desk operator will have to gather this data himself in different ways: through remote desktop connections, by accessing the CLI of remote routers and switches, and sometime even dispatching an engineer at the remote office to perform some on-site assessments.
Localized performance issues
Discovering local network performance issues is pretty simple when you have PING data from all your remote locations.
Here is an example of two locations, Paris and Hague, with different network performance, as shown in these two real-time plots of PING tests to www.google.com. Users in Paris have experienced slowness between 00:15 and 1:30.
Meanwhile, the network performance at the Hague location is good as there is no packet loss nor increase in network latency.
Application Performance Issues
According to the Microsoft engineers that worked on the Pingmesh project, in 50% of cases, application slowness is not caused by the network, but by the application’s components themselves. But how can network engineers prove that without proper data?
Here’s another example: your team is troubleshooting sporadic performance issues with a cloud application. It is clear by looking at the PING and HTTP tests from an agent located in New York City that the cause of slowness is with the front-end web server. In fact, the PING tests are stable …
… while, for just under 15 minutes, the HTTP GET time increases five-fold.
Conclusions
When simple tests like PING and HTTP are paired with a system like NetBeez, their measurements can reveal a lot of useful information to reduce detection and troubleshooting time of network and application performance issues. Feel free to request an appointment with us if you want to learn more about NetBeez. | https://netbeez.net/blog/implementing-network-performance-monitoring/ |
Fill out our form if you experience problems in your environment!
What is the objective of the pilot?
Alongside official measurement methods and monitoring systems developed, there is real need for reliable and flexibly expandable, scalable alternative environmental monitoring solutions. Obviously, these solutions can only complement and cannot replace existing measurement points and monitoring systems whereby they enable higher resolution data collection in time and space, thus contributing to more efficient obtainment and processing of information and thereby allowing for quicker and more effective decision-making.
The measurements carried out by official bodies and authorities are relevant to the conventional application of environmental monitoring systems. These systems can provide high-precision measurement data, which are, however, of low resolution in time and space. Additionally, it is difficult to access (relatively heterogenous) data sources in a way making it available for the third party.
The regional settlement population directly perceives environmental impacts on their living space, but they are not sufficiently involved in the assessment and decision-making processes related to the region. In most cases, the population only has the opportunity to raise questions and to receive ex-post communication.
When environmental incidents and impacts emerge that negatively affect the quality of life, the implementation, monitoring or back testing of decision-making mechanisms of the competent bodies and authorities and the related measures ordered/planned (not to mention the actual solution of the problem and its communication) are very lengthy processes (extending over months or even years).
The accelerated progress in cost-effective sensor technologies and big data technologies allows local population to be involved in automated environmental data collection as well as in recording and sharing of detections, moreover even in processing and evaluation of data. The system developed enables flexibly expandable data input as well as scalable and real-time data processing to the widest circle of users. | https://www.enviromind.hu/en |
Marlink subsidiary Telemar has expanded the Group’s remote vessel support capabilities with the launch of a new BridgeLink Smart Maintenance Application, which the company says can be used to reduce down-time and increase the efficiency of onboard bridge electronics hardware.
The BridgeLink set-up requires the bridge equipment on the ship to be connected within a standardised data structure on a dedicated secure Local Area Network, which allows the systems to be remotely accessed via the BridgeLink Smart Maintenance App.
As well as assisting in troubleshooting efforts, Telemar says that it can also use the data collected to assist operators in optimising asset lifecycles and improving the efficiency of their equipment, as well as providing performance analysis and data collection for site surveys.
“BridgeLink will dramatically enhance our efficiency in servicing our customers’ needs in terms of bridge electronics maintenance. It allows our technical team, remotely and in real time, to access the equipment on board the ship, run specific fault-finding diagnostics, update software and analyse working efficiency,” said Giorgio Santantonio, General Manager, Telemar Italy. | https://smartmaritimenetwork.com/2020/01/08/marlink-expands-remote-support-capabilities-for-bridge-equipment/ |
BRC offers a full range of GIS and remote sensing professional services that have been developed to effectively address our clients’ needs. Professionals at BRC are highly experienced with geospatial data creation, integration, maintenance, analysis, visualization, and application development, as well as delivering final products tailored to each client. BRC uses industry-standard GIS, and remote sensing software packages, such as ESRI ArcGIS, to employ current analysis methods; Trimble and Garmin handheld GPS units and Trimble TerraSync software to aid in electronic field data collection; and large-format digitizers, plotters, and scanners to ensure quick and accurate data input and delivery.
BRC is at the forefront of biological surveying and geospatial data collection. BRC’s Real-time Analytics Project Tracking and Reporting mobile data collection system (“RAPTR”) supports real time survey controls and reporting to provide close monitoring of project activities. Based on mobile GPS and cloud computing technologies, our field teams are employing leading edge field data collection subsystems to provide streamlined survey products, real time reporting, and high resolution mapping to our clients. The RAPTR system collects valuable geospatial data on iOS, Android, Windows (Phone/tablet) to visualize and share GeoSpatial data. RAPTR manages field data collection, assigns tasks to field staff, and monitors collection activity to coordinate efficient and comprehensive surveys. | http://www.brc-equals3.com/services/geographic-information-systems-gis/ |
When Did Himalayas Kind. This immense mountain vary started to type between 40 and 50 million years in the past, when two massive landmasses, india and eurasia, pushed by plate motion. The continents are carried by the earth's tectonic plates like individuals on an escalator.
The himalayan mountain vary contains mt. The tethys sea that had existed within the location, disappeared, and. This slowdown is interpreted to mark the start of the collision between the eurasian and indian continental plates, the closing of the previous tethys.
The Formation Of The Himalayas The Floating Island
Younger, as a result of these have been fashioned comparatively lately within the earth's historical past, in comparison with older mountain ranges just like the aravallis in india, and the appalachian within the usa. Everest, about 60 million years in the past, was the fast motion. They’re often called fold mountains as a result of the mountains prolong for 2500 km in size in a sequence of parallel ridges or.
This Immense Mountain Vary Started To Kind Between 40 And 50 Million Years In the past, When Two Massive Landmasses, India And Eurasia, Pushed By Plate Motion, Collided.
Within the 40 to 50 million years for the reason that indian plate has collided with the eurasian plate, the crust that kinds the himalayas has been uplifted greater than. Everest, the best mountain on earth. Begin finding out es dynamic earth (3)how did the himalayan mountains type?.
What Sort Of Fault Shaped The Rocky Mountains?
The himalaya mountains have been fashioned from a collision of tectonic plates. The himalayas are recognized to be youngfold mountains. When asia and europe collided, subduction stopped as a result of india couldn’t sink into the mantle.
There Are Varied Scientific Causes Behind The Creation Of This Large Topography.
Now, nevertheless, proof within the type of historic footprints solidified into mud dates the beginning of mountain life between 7,400 and 12,600 years in the past. They’re bounded by two structural bends on the northwest (nanga parbat, the indus gorge) and northeast (namcha barwa, the tsangpo gorge). The formation of the gargantuan himalayas began 220 million years in the past.
Most Locations On The Earth The Convergent Boundaries Are Locations With The A Continental Plate Collides With An Oceanic Plate.
How did the himalayas type 50 million years in the past? The himalayas mountain vary, or in brief, himalayas, actually that means 'abode of snow' have been lifted by the 'subduction' or the motion of indian tectonic plate. 1 reply david drayer jan 20, 2017 the speculation of plate tectonics explains the formation of the himalayans by the collision of two continental plates. | http://offbeathimalaya.com/when-did-himalayas-kind.xhtml |
Types Of Phishing Attack – Phishing is an Internet scam where the user is convinced to divulge personal and confidential information. Phishers trick users with offers of money or other inducements in order to get users to give them personal information. The main purpose of phishing is to get access to the customer’s bank accounts, passwords, and other security information.
Types Of Phishing Attack
Man-In-The-Middle Attacks
In this attack, the attacker’s computer is placed between the customer’s computer and the real Web site. This helps the attacker track communications between the systems. In order to make this attack successful, the attacker has to direct the customer to a proxy server rather than the real server.
A proxy server is an intermediate server between a user and the larger network. This attack is effective and successful either with HTTP or HTTPS communications. The user links to the attacker’s Web site thinking it is the real site, while at the same time, the attacker connects with the original Web site. As the connections are formed simultaneously, the attacker spoofs the communication in real time.
When a user tries to connect to a site via an HTTPS communication, the attacker generates a connection between the user and the attacker’s proxy, which allows the attacker to record the traffic in an unencrypted state. On the other side, the attacker proxy creates its own SSL connection with the original server.
The following are the techniques used to direct the customer to the attacker’s proxy server:
- Transparent proxies located at the real server capture all the data by forcing the real server HTTP and HTTPS traffic towards proxies. The proxy must be located in the same network segment or on the route to the real server. This operation does not require any configuration change at the customer’s end.
- DNS cache poisoning can be used to redirect the normal traffic routing by establishing a false IP address at the key Domain Name Service (DNS) server. DNS is a system that connects the numerical IP addresses of servers on the Internet with ie., their URLs. The attackers can then divert network traffic from a particular site to their proxy server’s IP address with this method.
- URL obfuscation tricks the user into connecting to the proxy server instead of the real site server.
- Browser proxy configuration forces all network traffic through the proxy server when the user’s proxy configuration options on his or her browser are changed.
Types Of Phishing Attack
URL Obfuscation Attack
In this type of attack, the user follows a link to a phishing site instead of a legitimate site.
The following are the methods used to obfuscate URLs:
- Bad domain names: Users can be attacked by purposeful registration and use of bad domain names. Users may not notice the small variation between the domain names of the phishing site and the legitimate site.
- Friendly login URLs: URLs that include authentication strings for quick login can trick users into trusting the link. The convenience of quick authentication persuades users to follow the hyperlink.
- Third-party shortened URLs: With the increase in the complexity of URLs due to their length, and since the URLs can be represented in various e-mail systems, some third-party organizations offer free service in providing shorter URLs. Phishers make use of the free service to complicate the true destination by employing social-engineering methods and through deliberately breaking long or incorrect URLs. Services that shorten URLs for free include http://smallurl.com and http://tinyurl.com
- Host name obfuscation: Instead of sending familiar domain name URLs, phishers send links with the IP addresses so that users do not know that they are following a link to a phishing site. Using IP addresses can also sometimes help phishers get by some content-filtering systems. In addition to using the decimal IP address, phishers may also encode IP addresses in the following ways:
• Dword: It means “double word” since it consists of two binary words of 16 bits, which is expressed in decimal.
• Octal: The address is represented in base 8.
• Hexadecimal: The address is represented in base 16.
Types Of Phishing Attack
Cross-Site Scripting Attacks
A cross-site scripting attack is also referred to as CSS or XSS. This attack makes use of custom URLs or code injection inside a genuine Web-based application URL or embedded data field. This attack results from poor Web application development processes.
Most CSS attacks use URL formatting. When the user of a Web application accesses the URL, he or she accepts any arbitrary URL for insertion into the URL field because of poor application coding by the organization. Due to this, the customers trying to get authentication for that application are referred to a page that is under the control of the external server. The customer unknowingly gives all his or her authentication information to that spoofed site.
Hidden Attacks
Hidden attacks use HTML, DHTML, or other scripting languages to interact with the user’s browser and change the way information is displayed. Attackers use hidden attacks to fool users into thinking their information is coming from the legitimate site.
Methods used for hidden attacks are:
• Hidden frames
• Overriding page content
• Graphical substitution
Hidden Frames
The use of hidden frames is one fairly easy method of attack because it has uniform browser support and is easy to code. Hidden frames are created in the browser windows in order to do the following:
• Hide the source address in the attacker’s content server
• Provide a false secured-HTTPS wrapper
• Perform malicious activities by filling the images and HTML content present into the background
• Hide code from the user
• Execute code, hidden in the background, that may be used to record the user’s online behavior
Types Of Phishing Attack
Client-Side Vulnerabilities
As the feature set of browsers has grown, so has the number of vulnerabilities that an attacker may exploit. Unsophisticated users are especially vulnerable, as they are not aware of the danger of just using their software. Many of the vulnerabilities exploited through client-side scripting will not be detected by antivirus software, luring users into a false sense of security.
Deceptive Phishing
The most common method for deceptive phishing is through e-mail. The phisher sends a bulk e-mail to the customer with a certain call to action that demands the customer to click on the link. When the user clicks on the link, he or she is directed to a fraudulent Web site from where the phisher gets access to the confidential data given by the user.
The call to action by the phisher can include the following:
• A message that there is a problem with the recipient’s account that can be corrected by visiting the Web site’s URL, which is given in the message
• A statement about an illegal order made in the user’s name that can be canceled by clicking the link
• A prompting message about a new service that is being offered for free for a limited time period
• A notice about an unauthorized change made to the user’s account
DNS-Based Phishing
A DNS-based phishing attack refers to any type of phishing that interferes with the integrity of the lookup process for a domain name. This attack performs host file poisoning though the domain name service. The other form of attack is polluting the user’s DNS cache with invalid or incorrect data that is used to direct the user to a fraudulent location. This can be achieved directly if the user has a misconfigured DNS cache, or it can be achieved through a system reconfiguration attack. The system reconfiguration attack modifies the user’s DNS server into a malicious server by attacking the legitimate DNS server or by infecting the cache of the misconfigured legitimate DNS server.
Content-Injection Phishing
In this attack, malicious content is injected into a legitimate site via scripted code. When the user clicks on this content, it redirects the user to some other site and installs malware and viruses onto the user’s PC, or it can insert a frame of the content that redirects data to the phishing server.
Types of content-injection phishing include the following:
• Replacing legitimate content with malicious content by compromising a server through a security vulnerability
• Injecting malicious content into a site using a cross-site scripting vulnerability. CSS attacks exploit program flaws where the content comes from an external source, such as a blog.
• Performing illegitimate actions on a site using an SQL injection vulnerability. This causes unauthorized database commands to be executed. | https://exploitbyte.com/phishing-attacks/ |
Over the last couple of years, an increasing number of universities in the US (e.g. 1,2,3) have introduced a link rewriting system to their email services, the commonly used ones being URL Defense and Safelinks from Outlook (URLD and SL). Such tools are hailed as the solution to scam and phishing emails, even though there appears to be no supporting experimental data that would be publicly available. Instead, it is assumed that the university employees are too busy to understand the links even in their own emails, and should pay a corporation to do it for them. One effect of this, witnessed personally, is that some users will be comfortable embedding in their professional correspondence links redirecting to third-party trackers — which, however “not malicious” they might be for URLD/SL, still have no business snooping on other university users. All this because a link is no longer a transparent address, but a cryptic object, to be understood only by the “experts”.
Regardless of the efficacy of link rewriting, one thing is certain: it makes a
mess out of plaintext email. And if that’s the kind of email you like
reading — good old text in the terminal — you will find that a harmless link in
your colleague’s signature will explode to several insanity-inducing lines in
mutt (or your favorite plaintext MUA) after being rewritten first by URLD, and then SL.
Enter
display_filter. From
neomutt’s manual:
display_filter Type: command Default: (empty) When set, specifies a command used to filter messages. When a message is viewed it is passed as standard input to $display_filter, and the filtered message is read from the standard output.
That is, we should be able to pipe our emails through an external utility that will filter out rewritten links and fix them.
Fortunately, Proofpoint (the company behind URLD) have kindly provided a Python script to decode their links. The version of the script on their website contains a bug which causes it to break on URLs with non-Latin characters, such as this one:
https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Остроградський_Михайло_Васильович
After fixing this bug and adding the ability to rewrite Safelinks URLs, we
have a utility that restores the jumbled mess of a rewritten link to its original
glory. To fix links, we pipe them through the script and collect
stdout.
For incoming mail, store
urldec.py somewhere, make executable, and then add
set display_filter="~/script/folder/urldec.py"
to your
muttrc. This still will not fix the outgoing emails, as
display_filter is used only in the pager, and not for response. To rectify that,
we can use
vim’s ability to pipe buffers through external commands, and add
set editor = "vim -c '%!~/script/folder/urldec.py'"
to
muttrc. This way,
vim will pipe the message through
urldec.py every
time it is invoked from
mutt.
Conclusion:
- Running the script every time an email is opened is still very fast. In fact,
rendering html emails in
w3mis likely the slowest step in opening them.
-
Even though using
muttto read email in the terminal turns you into an invincible hacker, it is wise not to follow obscure links, in terminal or elsewhere. | https://vlasiuk.com/code/tools/link-rewriting/ |
Update 01/27: There is a new much bigger bug that causes the Safari browser to crash. Typing into the address bar closes Safari. Find out more and the work around to prevent your Safari browser from crashing.
The malicious code is called Crash Safari, and apart from crashing your Apple browsers, it has the potential of crashing your device and making it unusable for a period of time. It happens to be a web page coupled with a code, and Apple is turning its attention and resources to fixing it at the moment.
Certain persons are already making the situation worse by using URL shorteners and web redirecting techniques to spread the malicious web page and code in order to crash others’ browsers – prompting Apple to come up with a few tips that may help out in the present circumstance until a permanent solution is found.
i. It is advised that you long-press a text link to see the full URL if you’re using an iOS device. But don’t press for so long if you’re using an iPhone 6s or 6s Plus because this might activate the 3D Touch preview and execute the Safari-crashing code.
ii. It might also be very helpful to hover on a text link to see a full URL if you’re using an OS X.
iii. Do not click on any shortened links because what is behind them might be harmful.
iv. And don’t click or tap on links that appear suspicious of phishing sites, and this is the best way to be safe from phishers and hackers or damaging your mobile device. | https://www.i4u.com/2016/01/103836/apple-aware-javascript-code-crashing-browsers-looking-solutions |
What is a Google Spam Update? What is SpamBrain? Should we be worried about the latest Google Spam Update? Here’s what to take away from this type of algorithmic update from Google last rolled out on October 19, 2022 (and finalized on October 21).
What is a Google Spam Update?
Although Google’s automated systems for detecting SPAM from search results work all the time, they sometimes make noticeable improvements in how they work.
In this case, Google then speaks of an update of the “SPAM Update” type and the latter is announced through their usual means of communication (eg: Twitter ).
This is the case this time with the October 2022 Spam Update launched on October 19, 2022 which was finalized on October 21, 2022 .
What is Google SpamBrain?
SpamBrain is the automatic AI-based spam prevention system developed by Google .
From time to time, Google improves this system to make it more efficient in detecting spam and to be able to detect new types of spam.
What are the main SEO techniques (black hat / gray hat) targeted by these Google SPAM Updates?
Here is an overview in French of the main BlackHat SEO techniques penalized by Google via SPAM Updates and its SpamBrain algorithm .
1- Cloaking
Cloaking : Cloaking refers to the practice of presenting different content to users and search engines in an attempt to manipulate search rankings and mislead users.
Here are some examples of cloaking penalized by Google and the SPAM update:
- Showing a page about travel destinations to search engines while showing a page about discount drugs to users;
- Insert text or keywords into a page only when the user-agent requesting the page is a search engine and not a human visitor.
It’s good to know :
- If you use a paywall or content control mechanism, Google does not consider it cloaking if Google can see the full content of what is behind the paywall as anyone with access to the controlled content and if you follow their recommendations on flexible sampling .
2- Doorways
Doorways : Gateways are sites or pages created to rank for specific and similar search queries. They lead users to intermediate pages that are not as useful as the final destination.
Here are some examples of Doorways-type practices that are penalized by SpamUpdate:
- Have multiple websites with slight variations in URL and homepage to maximize their reach for any specific query.
- Having multiple domain names or pages targeted to specific regions or cities that direct users to one page.
- Pages generated to direct visitors to the actually usable or relevant part of your site(s).
- Very similar pages that are closer to search results than a clearly defined, searchable hierarchy.
3- Pirated content
Hacked content is any content placed on a site without permission, due to vulnerabilities in the site’s security. Hacked content gives poor search results to Google users and can potentially install malicious content on their machines.
Here are some examples of website hacking practices that are targeted by Google SpamUpdates:
- Page injection : Sometimes, due to security vulnerabilities, hackers are able to add new pages to your site, which contain spam or malicious content. These pages are often intended to manipulate search engines or attempt phishing. Your existing pages may not show signs of hacking, but these newly created pages may harm your site’s visitors or its performance in search results.
- Content Injection : Hackers can also try to subtly manipulate existing pages on your site. Their goal is to add content to your site that search engines can see, but may be harder for you and your users to spot. This can range from adding hidden links or hidden text to a page using CSS or HTML, to more complex modifications like cloaking.
- Redirects : Hackers can inject malicious code on your website that redirects some users to dangerous pages or spammy pages. The type of redirect sometimes depends on the referrer, user agent or device. For example, clicking on a URL in Google search results may redirect you to a suspicious page, but there is no redirect when you visit the same URL directly from a browser.
4- Hidden text and links
Hidden text or links are placing content on a page for the sole purpose of manipulating search engines and not being easily seen by human visitors.
Here are some examples of hidden text or links that violate Google’s anti-spam policies:
- Use white text on a white background;
- Hiding text behind an image;
- Using CSS to position text off screen;
- Set font size or opacity to 0;
- Hide a link by linking only a small character (for example, a hyphen in the middle of a paragraph).
There are many web design elements today that use dynamically showing and hiding content to improve the user experience; these items do not violate Google’s policies. Here are some concrete examples:
- Accordions or tabs that hide or show additional content;
- Slideshow or slider that alternates between multiple images or paragraphs of text;
- Tooltip or similar text that displays additional content when users interact with an item. ;
- Text accessible only to screen readers and intended to improve the experience of users of screen readers (ex: alt tag);
5- Keyword stuffing
Keyword stuffing is the practice of stuffing a webpage with keywords or numbers in an attempt to manipulate rankings in Google’s search results. Often these keywords appear in a list or group, abnormally or out of context.
Here are some examples of keyword stuffing:
- Lists of telephone numbers without substantial added value;
- Blocks of text listing the cities and regions for which a web page is trying to get a ranking;
- Repeating the same words or phrases so often that it feels unnatural.
6- Link spam (abusive netlinking)
Google uses links as an important factor in determining the relevance of web pages. Any link intended to manipulate rankings in Google’s search results may be considered spam. This includes any behavior aimed at manipulating links to your site or outgoing links from your site.
The following are examples of link spam :
- Buying or selling links for ranking purposes. This includes: exchanging money for links or articles containing links;
- Exchanging goods or services for links: ex: sending a product to someone in exchange for an article on this product and a link;
- Excessive link exchanges (“Link to me and I’ll link to you”) or partner pages for the sole purpose of cross-linking;
- Using automated programs or services to link to your site;
- Requiring a link as part of a terms of service, contract, or similar agreement, without giving the owner of the third-party content the choice to qualify the outbound link;
- Text ads or text links that are not declared nofollow;
- Advertorials or native advertisements for which payment is received for articles that include links that pass PageRank, or links with optimized anchor text in articles, guest articles, or press releases distributed on other sites ;
- Links from directories, directories or low quality bookmark site;
- Keyword-rich, hidden or low-quality links embedded in widgets distributed on various sites;
- Sitewide links, widely distributed in the footers or templates of various sites;
- Forum comments with optimized links in the message or signature for example.
Good to know for publishers:
Google understands that buying and selling links is a normal part of the web economy for advertising and sponsorship purposes. The presence of such links does not constitute a violation of their rules as long as they are qualified by a rel=”nofollow” or rel=”sponsored” attribute value.
7- Traffic generated by machines / robots
Fake traffic, meaning traffic generated artificially by machines, consumes resources and interferes with Google’s ability to best serve users.
Here are some examples of automated traffic that is penalized by Google SpamUpdates:
- Sending automated requests to Google to trick Google Suggest recommendations;
- Extracting results for ranking verification purposes or any other type of automated access to Google Search without express authorization (in other words, not all SEO analysis software respects anti-spam guidelines from Google…).
8- Sites hosting malicious software and behavior
Google checks websites to see if they host malware or unwanted software that harms user experience.
Malware is software or a mobile application specifically designed to harm a computer, mobile device, the software it runs, or its users. Malware has malicious behavior that can include installing software without user consent and installing harmful software such as viruses. Site owners sometimes don’t realize that their downloadable files are considered malware, so these binaries can be inadvertently hosted.
Unwanted software is an executable file or mobile application that exhibits deceptive, unexpected behavior or negatively affects the user’s browsing or computing experience. This could be, for example, software that changes your homepage or other browsing settings to settings you do not want, or applications that disclose private and personal information. without disclosing them.
9- Misleading features
Site owners need to create sites with high quality content and useful features for users. However, some site owners intend to manipulate search engine rankings by intentionally creating sites with deceptive features and services that trick users into believing they can access certain content or services, but do not actually cannot.
Here are some examples of deceptive features:
- A site with a fake promo code generator that claims to provide a promo code from an online store, but actually does not.
- A site that claims to provide certain functionality (eg, PDF merging, countdown timer, online dictionary service), but intentionally directs users to misleading advertisements instead of providing the claimed services.
10- Scraped, duplicated, stolen and dynamically recovered content
Some site owners base their sites on content scraped from other, often more reputable, sites. Content fetched, even if it comes from high-quality sources without additional useful services or content provided by your site, may not add value to users. It may also constitute copyright infringement. A site may also be downgraded/penalized by Google if a significant number of valid legal takedown requests have been received.
Here are some examples of abusive scraping:
- Sites that copy and republish content from other sites without adding original or valuable content or even citing the original source.
- Sites that copy content from other sites, modify it only slightly (for example, by substituting synonyms or using automated techniques) and republish it.
- Sites that replicate content streams from other sites without providing a unique benefit to the user.
- Sites devoted to the integration or compilation of content, such as videos, images or other media from other sites, without substantial added value for the user.
11- Sneaky redirects
Redirection is the act of sending a visitor to a different URL from the one they originally requested. Sneaky redirection is a malicious action aimed at showing users and search engines different content or showing users unexpected content that does not meet their initial needs.
Here are some examples of sneaky redirects penalized by Google:
- Show search engines one type of content while redirecting users to something significantly different;
- Showing desktop users a normal page while redirecting mobile users to a completely different spam domain.
Although sneaky redirection is a type of spam, there are many legitimate, spam-free reasons to redirect one URL to another.
Here are some examples of legitimate redirects:
- Move your site to a new address;
- Consolidation of several pages into one;
- Redirect users to an internal page once they are logged in.
When considering whether a redirect is sneaky, one must consider whether it is intended to mislead users or search engines.
12- Content automatically generated by spammers
Auto -generated (or “self-generated”) content is content that has been programmatically generated without producing anything original or adding sufficient value; on the contrary, it was generated for the main purpose of manipulating search rankings and not to help users.
Here are some examples of automatically generated content for spamming purposes:
- Text that makes no sense to the reader, but contains search keywords;
- Text translated by an automated tool without human revision or curation before publication;
- Text generated by automated processes without regard to quality or user experience;
- Text generated using automated techniques of synonymization, content spinning , paraphrasing, or obfuscation;
- Text generated from RSS feeds or search results;
- The assembly or combination of content from different web pages without adding sufficient added value.
It’s good to know :
- If you host such content on your site and you believe that this content brings real added value to your users, you can use non-indexing methods to exclude it from search results and thus preserve your site in its entirety.
13- Affiliate pages with “thin” content
Thin Affiliate Pages are pages with product affiliate links where product descriptions and reviews are copied directly from the original merchant with no original content or added value.
Affiliate pages can be considered thin if they are part of a program that distributes its content through an affiliate network without providing added value.
These sites often seem to be low quality sites with a poorly designed design and with the same or similar content reproduced on the same site or on several domains or languages.
If a Google search results page displayed multiple such sites, all with the same content, thin content affiliate pages would create a frustrating user experience.
It’s good to know :
- All sites that participate in an affiliate program are not necessarily sites with low quality content. Good affiliate sites add value by offering helpful content or features. Examples of good affiliate pages include offering additional pricing information, original product reviews, rigorous testing and reviews, product or category navigation, and product comparisons.
14- User Generated Spam
User-generated spam is a type of unwanted content added to a site by users through a channel intended for user content.
Often site owners are unaware of this unwanted content.
Here are some examples of unwanted user-generated content:
- Spammer accounts on web hosting services that anyone can sign up for free;
- Spam messages in forum threads;
- Blog comment spam (SPAMco);
- Junk files uploaded to file hosting platforms.
Why does Google have to roll out these anti-SPAM updates?
Google’s spam policies help protect users and improve the quality of search results .
To be eligible to appear in Google’s web search results (webpages, images, videos, news content, or other items found by Google on the web), the content must not violate the general rules of Google Search or the spam rules listed in this article .
These policies apply to all web search results, including those from Google properties.
Google increasingly detects content and behavior that violates the rules through automated systems and, where appropriate, human review that can lead to manual action.
Sites that violate their rules may rank lower in the results or may not appear in the results at all .
If you think a site violates Google’s spam policies, you can let Google know by completing a Search Results Quality Report.
Has your site been negatively impacted by a Google SPAM Update? What does this mean?
Sites that see a negative change in SEO KPIs after a spam update should review Google’s spam policies to ensure they are in compliance.
Sites that violate Google policies may rank lower in results or may not appear in results at all.
How long does it take to get out of a penalty for SPAM by Google?
It may take several months.
t may take several months.
If changes are made to improve a site, Google’s automated systems will learn over the months that the site complies with its spam policies and the latter may therefore claim better positions after the next major update, for example. | https://www.easy-tutorials.com/google-spam-update-faq-everything-you-need-to-know/ |
Portable Document Format (PDF) files are cross-platform file format, supporting links, images, and fonts. The flexibility of the PDF format makes these files very useful and widely used by individuals and organizations all over the world. At the same time, this format is very appealing for cyber criminals, as they can create valid looking documents that will deliver malicious code, or will trick users into clicking links.
Many attacks start from a received file, usually attached to an email. Then once the victim opens the file or interacts with it by clicking on links or buttons, the next stage of the attack is executed. The purpose of the attack can be information stealing, installing a backdoor, gaining access to the system, and more.
One of the challenges of incident responders is to identify and classify the malicious files that were used in the attack that compromised the endpoint. PDF files make the process more time consuming because PDF files can carry malicious code that is hidden and compressed inside the streams of the file, all while these files are widely used for legitimate business both internally and externally in organizations. On top of that, alert fatigue can be a cause of missed alerts and increase the response time of new files to analyze.
In this article, we will describe the PDF format and how it can be abused to deliver malware. Then we will show how to identify and detect malicious PDF files using open-source and free tools.
What is the PDF File Format?
The PDF format was created by Adobe in 1993, as a text-based structure that gives users a reliable way to present documents regardless of the operating system and the software they are using. Besides text, PDF files can present a wide variety of content such as images, links, video files, 3D objects, editable forms and much more.
The PDF structure is hierarchical and contains four main parts:
1. Header – Specifies the version number of the PDF.
2. The body – The document’s part that holds all of the information including text and other elements such as images, links, etc.
The body of the PDF file contains different objects which can reference each other, the objects have different types:
- Names –
/namebackslash followed by ASCII characters – setting a unique name.
- Strings –
(text)its full syntax is a bit complex but what’s important is to know that it is enclosed in parentheses.
- Arrays – enclosed with square brackets
([...])can contain other objects.
- Dictionaries – table of key and value pairs. The key is a name object and the value can be any other object. Enclosed within double angle brackets
(<<...>>)
- Streams – contains embedded data structures like images (or code) which can be compressed. Streams represented by a dictionary that set the stream’s length with the key
/Lengthand encoding
/Filters.
- Indirect object – object that has a unique ID, the object starts with the keyboard
objand ends with
endobjother objects can reference the object using its ID. For example a reference to object with ID 3 we would look like this:
3 0 R
3. Cross-reference table – Specifies the offset from the start of the file to each object in the file, so that the PDF reader will be able to locate them without loading the whole document (it can save time when opening big files).
4. Trailer – Specifies information about the cross-reference table so the PDF reader will be able to find the table and other objects. PDF readers start reading the file from the end, let’s look at the example below:
xref 0 14 0000000000 65535 f 0000000015 00000 n 0000000660 00000 n 0000000803 00000 n 0000001007 00000 n 0000001322 00000 n 0000001049 00000 n 0000001410 00000 n 0000001200 00000 n 0000001461 00000 n 0000001513 00000 n 0000001573 00000 n 0000001632 00000 n 0000001737 00000 n trailer <</Size 14/Root 12 0 R/Info 13 0 R/ID [<019e8b45c3227a3f8f35b7a9a09c2f70><019e8b45c3227a3f8f35b7a9a09c2f70>]>> %iText-5.5.10 startxref 1901 %%EOF
The first line (from the bottom) is %%EOF above is the offset of the cross-reference table – 1901. Above that is the trailer that specifies different settings:
- Size – number of entries in the cross-reference table
- Root – which entry in the table holds the offset for the root object. This object is the Document Catalog; it contains information about how the file will be presented and references to other objects that describe the document’s content.
- Info – which entry in the table holds the offset for the document’s information dictionary.
PDF files can be modified so additional elements (such cross-reference tables) will be appended to the end of the file. Now that we understand the format, let’s see how it can be used by attackers to conceal malicious code.
Check out this video on our YouTube channel about analyzing PDFs, which covers the information in this blog as well as four examples of malicious PDFs that were used in real attacks.
How PDF Files Get Used to Deliver Malware
PDF files support a wide variety of data types that can be present (and not necessarily visible). Threat actors fully control the content of the files they send to lure victims and they use the different capabilities of the PDF format for their attacks.
Many phishing attacks will contain links or images of buttons, coupons, fake CAPTCHA, fake play buttons and more. The purpose of these files is to redirect the victims to sites controlled by the threat actors where they can proceed to the next stage of the attack.
Another way in which threat actors can use the format is to deliver malware in the PDF streams. Streams can contain any type of data (including scripts and binary files) and they can be compressed and encoded which makes it harder to detect embedded code inside files. The compression technique is specified with the name /filter (as mentioned in its part of the dictionary that describes a stream). A stream can have more than one filter.
There are many PDF readers that are being used, some are multiplatform, others based on web browsers but like any other software they have bugs and vulnerabilities. Adobe PDF Reader alone has 91 reported vulnerabilities. Therefore threat actors can make PDF files that will exploit vulnerabilities, which will allow them to execute code and gain access to the victim’s endpoint.
Investigating Suspicious PDF Files
pdf-parser.py -f -o 18 -d extract_js files/example1.pdf
This PDF was sent as part of a phishing scam that targeted German speaking victims: the PDF was attached to an email regarding a tax invoice asking the victims to open the attached document and login to their Amazon account.
Let’s take a look at another PDF file (MD5: 1ba5c7ecab62609e4f1d44192cef850e). Once again we will start by running peepdf on the file to understand if the file might be malicious.
remnux@6866a79d9f93:~$ pdf-parser.py -o 8 -f -d drop_file2 exmple2.pdf obj 8 0 Type: /EmbeddedFile Referencing: Contains stream << /Length 2004304 /Filter /FlateDecode /Type /EmbeddedFile >>
The content of the embedded file is saved to drop_file2, we see that the stream containing the data is The content of the embedded file is saved to drop_file2. We can see that the stream containing the data is decoded with FlateDecode therefore we use the -f flag which tells pdf-parser to pass the data through filters. Next we’ll check what is the type of the embedded data, so let’s use the file command on the extracted file:
remnux@6866a79d9f93:~$ file drop_file2 drop_file2: Rich Text Format data, unknown version
At this point, we need to investigate an RTF file. We’ll use rtfobj from oletools to inspect the file:
You can find more information about the tools and techniques to analyze malicious Office files by checking out our previous blog. From the output of rtfobj we learn that the extracted RTF file exploited CVE-2017-11882 – a known vulnerability in Microsoft Equation Editor that enables code execution. Since Microsoft patched this vulnerability, this particular attack would only be effective if a user failed to keep their software updated. Now, we can either continue investigating the shellcode located in the RTF file or upload the original PDF to Intezer Analyze that will automatically execute all the steps we just did and on top of that provide a classification of the threat executed by the PDF.
The results of the analysis can be seen in the screenshot below:
In the process tree we see the execution chain of the PDF followed by word process to open the RTF file and then the call to Equation Editor that is being exploited by the RTF. The malware is classified as Raccoon Stealer. We can see in the Genetic Analysis tab that the sample shares code with Azorult and that’s because Raccoon Stealer is considered as its successor.
Scanning a High Volume of PDFs for Malware
PDF files are very common and useful for all types of organizations but the flexibility of the PDF format makes it also very attractive for threat actors who use it to carry out different sorts of attacks. In this blog we presented several open-source and free tools that can be used for static analysis of a single PDF.
But manual analysis of PDFs isn’t scalable for organizations when there are hundreds of files (or even more) that need to be investigated. In this case we can use a platform like Intezer that will automate the initial investigation of the files, allowing us to focus our efforts only on cases where the manual analysis is absolutely mandatory.
Scan 50 files for free (including PDFs) with Intezer Analyze. If you want to learn how your team can automate alert triage to scan files, URLs, memory dumps, and more – book a time to talk with us. | https://www.intezer.com/blog/incident-response/analyze-malicious-pdf-files/ |
Over the course of the last few months, we at Cynet labs have encountered multiple occurrences of the Ursnif banking trojan. Our encounters were mostly in the context of attacks on Italian companies, but they bear high similarity to other Ursnif instances worldwide.
Ursnif is one of the most active trojans worldwide and is mostly focused on stealing banking, cloud storage and email account credentials. While its initial source code was leaked as early as 2013, it gains increasing popularity as well as sophistication of delivery method.
Ursnif is typically delivered by phishing emails, weaponized with Office documents containing malicious macros that invoke a complicated, fileless delivery chain to drop and execute the Ursnif payload, while evading detection of endpoint security measures.
In this blog, we’ll provide a short overview on the common Ursnif components, as well as a new variant we’ve recently discovered which features an interesting bypass of Windows native protections.
Ursnif Main Components
The Ursnif trojan utilizes various techniques to compromise the environment and steal sensitive information and credentials. These are the components we’ve identified in all the instances we examined:
- Obfuscation techniques – advanced ways to break into the system in order to evade AV vendors.
- “Onion replace”
- Steganography
- The following images hide another PowerShell stage.
– The obfuscation command.
- Dropper- its purpose is to download the payload to the compromised environment.
- Macro files
- VBA files
- Wmic
- PowerShell
– After de-obfuscated VBA.
The dropper uses a COM object technique to conceal the parent process trail.
- Injection techniques – allows inject code into the address space of the running process.
- APC injection
New Variant
Recently, we have discovered a new Ursnif variant using a new technique to bypass AMSI:
“The Windows Antimalware Scan Interface (AMSI) is a versatile interface standard that allows your applications and services to integrate with any antimalware product present on a machine. AMSI provides enhanced malware protection for your end-users and their data, applications, and workloads.”
Technical Analysis:
The malicious activity process tree:
As we can see, the attack flow starts with “Outlook.exe” process, as we know the Ursnif distributes itself through attachment-weaponized emails that social-engineer the recipients to download and open the file. Logically, the following process is “EXCEL.exe,” and after that, “powershell.exe,” which is triggered by a malicious VBA code in the Excel document and executes an obfuscated command that drops the payload to the endpoint:
Obfuscation First layer
The malicious PowerShell command is highly obfuscated by several techniques escaping character (`), base64 encoder and string formatting operator (-f). After de-obfuscation of the first stage of the attack, we discovered another obfuscation command.
Obfuscation Second Layer
The attacker uses the “iex” (Invoke-Expression) command to execute the malicious command and then hides it by taking the “I “ Character in index 4 and “e” from index 34 and adding the “x”:
Obfuscation Third Layer
The third stage of the obfuscation PowerShell command is very long, so we will divide it into two parts:
Part 1
In the first part of the code, we can see the following command: “([Environment]::OSVersion.Version.Major -ne ’10’).” This command checks the operation system version, if the result is not equal to Windows 10, it will execute the first part of the code, if it is equal to Windows 10, it will execute the second part of the code.
The first part:
Here we can see the obfuscation techniques that we mentioned above, for example the string formatting operator (-f).
After de-obfuscation and beautification, it appears as follows:
The image hides another PowerShell stage leveraging steganography techniques.
‘hxxps://images2.imgbox.com/d8/0e/eyGVup7s_o[.]png’
Part 2
The second part of the malicious code will execute only if the operation system version is equal to Windows 10. This is where the AMSI bypass takes place.
Again, we see a highly obfuscated code. The $y variable contains an array that will load by “[Reflection.Assembly]::Load([byte]$y)|Out-Null”. After further investigation, we can conclude that this variable loads an MZ (executable) file to the memory:
From our initial investigation into the ‘fp()’ function, we discovered the following content:
The ‘pf()’ function downloads another image from the following URL:
“hxxtps://i.postimg.cc/mbBH51RX/cry[.]png?d1=1”
In the image, we further detected an encoded malicious command containing a few more stages of obfuscation. After an additional de-obfuscation, we saw there is an additional check for Italian localization and if it is indeed a device based in Italy, there is an attempt to download the Ursnif payload.
Cynet vs. Ursnif Trojan
Cynet can block the execution of Ursnif with three different modules, with no need to rely on signatures:
The Ursnif trojan campaign still distributes itself through phishing email worldwide. While the samples we tested at Cynet Labs feature intense modifications, none succeeded in bypassing Cynet’s protection. | https://www.cynet.com/blog/the-ursnif-trojan-an-attack-overview-and-zoom-in-on-new-variant/ |
27 August 2020, 2 – 3pm. Dr Sander Leemans on ‘Process mining: Practice, theory and future’.
To access webinar, please go the click on link here at the scheduled date/time
Brief sypnosis: Any organisation runs business processes, typically supported by information systems. In process mining, we aim to construct algorithms and techniques to analyse historical process behaviour recorded in event logs. Process mining has been applied in countless process optimisation projects, including at QUT, financial institutions, manufacturers, insurers, HR, mining, governments, and many more, to inform decision making. In this talk, we will take a look at the practical applicability of process mining with a few examples, and we take a look into some of the theoretical foundations that process mining techniques such as process model discovery, conformance checking and stochastic process mining are challenged with. Finally, we take a look at the areas of process mining research that researchers will take on in the future.
Born in Boxtel, the Netherlands, Dr Sander Leemans is an assistant professor (lecturer) at the Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, in the school of Information Systems and an Associate Investigator at the QUT Centre for Data Science. His research interests include process mining, process discovery, conformance checking, stochastic process mining, and robotic process automation. In particular, he specialises in making solid academic techniques available to end-users, analysts and industry partners. He teaches business process management, business process modelling and business process improvement.
PREVIOUS SEMINARS
Seminar #4 – 30 July 2020. Dr Andrew Gibson on “Using notebook technologies to support data analytics in research and teaching”.
Video is now online: (click on image below)
In this talk I will provide a high level view of how I use notebook technologies in both data analytics teaching and research. Specifically, I will show how Catarina Moreira and myself are using a cloud based implementation of JupyterLab for Data Analytics at undergraduate and postgraduate level (and recently online), and how I use both JupyterLab and Polynote together with AWS in my research. I’ll also detail how Polynote enables me to work easily between research and software development tasks that I undertake when doing Reflective Writing Analytics. The talk will also provide some information on technical infrastructure and workflow, and opportunities for scaling up within the QUT Data Science community.
Seminar #3 – 26 June 2020. Associate Professor Chris Drovandi on “Parameter estimation using only model simulations”
Video is now online: (click on image below)
Presentation slides from Chris Drovandi
Complex statistical models are abundant in many areas such as ecology, biology and finance, and often possess several unknown parameters. A key task in statistical inference is to estimate the parameters based on observed data, which is often based on the likelihood function. Once a statistical model is “calibrated”, it can be used for hypothesis testing and prediction, and can inform decision making. However, off-the-shelf parameter estimation methods are often not applicable for complex models due to computational intractability of their likelihood functions. Fortunately, despite likelihood intractability, it is often feasible to simulate from complex models for any given parameter value. This talk will take a look under the hood at some parameter estimation methods, such as approximate Bayesian computation and Bayesian synthetic likelihood, that are applicable when only model simulation is feasible, and discuss some challenges.
Seminar #2 – 29 May 2020. Dr Timothy Graham on “Detecting and analysing coordinated inauthentic behaviour on social media”
Video is now online: (click on image below)
Presentation slides from Timothy Graham
In recent years, the global surge of bots and trolls that manipulate public discussions on social media has created serious problems for political elections, natural disaster communications, and global health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Although there has been progress in the use of supervised machine learning to accurately classify malicious actors such as bots, such tools and methods are not suited to detect coordinated inauthentic behaviour, for example orchestrated disinformation campaigns that involve hundreds or even thousands of coordinated accounts that amplify particular content and narratives. This seminar presents a novel approach to detecting coordinated activity on social media using a pairwise comparison algorithm and network analysis methods. It provides case study examples of application areas and preliminary results, along with challenges and open problems in this new field of research.
Seminar #1 – 30 April 2020. Associate Professor Richi Nayak on “Factorization based Text Mining Algorithms and Application”
Video is now online: (click on image below)
The rapid increase in the number of large repositories containing digital documents emphasizes the development of effective methods to manage the embedded content. Factorization methods have been used to analyze and obtain meaningful insights from the text collections. This talk presents how a factorization method can be used to represent the high-dimensional data and obtain a low-order representation. It further provides insights on how the low-order representation can be used in applications such as clustering anomaly detection, community detection, and personalisation. | https://research.qut.edu.au/qutcds/data-science-under-the-hood/ |
1. Don’t use a word processor to compose email templates
Office applications and word processors such as Microsoft Office and Open Office are great for writing documents but when it comes to composing or designing email templates, I would strongly advise you not to use word processing tools at all. This is because when you copy content, images and other elements from a word processor to your email inbox, the word processing application copies additional code into the HTML source of the email message. This can break the design of the email and in the worst case, the recipient may see abrupt code instead of the email text.
Instead, its a good idea to use HTML editors like Microsoft Frontpage or Adobe Dreamweaver to design email templates. If you’re not familiar with HTML editors, use the good old notepad application but please do not use a word processor for composing email templates.
2. Don’t ignore web-standards for HTML
When you write the HTML code for the email, be careful of how the HTML renders in different browsers. Precisely, the HTML code you use should be standardized and free from errors. Using obscure codes that are not supported in older browsers is considered a bad practice. Pay close attention to HTML formatting, alignment and the best practices that each browser supports and understands.
3. Don’t use CSS for layout
Even kids know that CSS is the best way to design for the web but in the context of email templates, I would suggest going back to tables. This is because tables make it super easy to customize your email template, anyone can modify the content without having to touch the code. Moreover, some email clients do not render CSS rules as well as a full featured browser does, so it might be a good idea to use tables instead of using CSS designs.
CSS gives you more options and grounds for creative design, but from the usability and compatibility perspective, tables are preferred. You never know how many of your recipients are still rooted to their spartan email clients that do not understand modern day CSS rules.
4. Don’t use external CSS files
I know proficient designers won’t hit a key until they are allowed to write CSS. If you must use CSS, I would suggest writing inline CSS and not calling an external CSS file into your email template. Most email service providers such as Gmail, Yahoo, and Microsoft’s Outlook.com will remove
,
and other tags from your code so if you’re using an external CSS file in your code, the email body will break.
The best way to ensure that your CSS styles are rendered properly across every email service provider or client, is to use inline CSS for every element. This could mean writing more code but it’s not as fragile as external CSS.
5. Don’t use relative paths for images
If you write code in an IDE such as eclipse or use an HTML editor like Dreamweaver, you may be using relative paths for images. By relative path, I mean the IDE is given the local address of the image, with reference to your computer or your website’s internal folders. Whatever it may be, you should change all relative image paths to absolute image paths. An absolute image path will work universally while a relative image path will work only in a given set of development environments.
6. Don’t forget alt attributes for images
Alt attributes for images help search engines understand what your image is all about. Other than search engines, alt attributes can be useful for users too. For example, some email clients tend to block images by default, so the alt tag can give a clue about what the image is all about. If the alt tag appears meaningful to the user, he might be enticed to click through to learn more about your offering.
7. Don’t forget a plain text version
Always offer a plain text version of your email message, no matter how compelling and attractive your HTML email template might be. Some email clients or third party email apps may not support rendering email messages crafted in HTML, so you should also convey your information in an alternative plain text version.
Before you deliver an alternative text only version of your email copy, double check to ensure that the text only version is a mirror copy of the original email message. Both messages should exactly be the same, or it might create discrepancy in communication.
8. Don’t use long URLs
If your email body is long enough and has links in plain text, it’s going to mess up the presentation. A much better and prettier idea would be to shorten the hyperlinks with a URL shortener e.g Goo.gl or Bit.ly. URL shorteners are indispensable, especially for plain text emails where the hyperlinks are enclosed within braces (). At the end of the day, you want the email to look professional and plain text hyperlinks can mean outright disaster.
9. Don’t use video
I agree, videos are worth a million words, but embedding videos in email might not prove to be fruitful enough to justify the overheads — unless of course you upload the video to video sharing sites like YouTube, Vimeo and embed from there.
If you fetch the video from your website or attach the video as an email attachment, it’s going to take ages to load on the recipient’s end. Moreover, some email clients are pre-configured to filter emails with large file sizes, so attaching a video file can sometimes land your message in the spam folder.
10. Don’t forget etiquette
Okay this one is not really a design tip but it is of no less importance than the ones discussed above. You should be aware of email etiquette — proper salutations, tone, spellings, formatting, grammar, composition; all things that come into play here. If your design is outstanding but your copy sounds boorish, your email may go against you, instead of creating any impact in a positive way. Depending upon the subject of your email campaign, you have to compose the copy of your email, add salutations, compose opening and closing lines and so forth. Using the same lines in every other campaign is certainly a schoolboy error. | https://www.axattechnologies.com/blog/10-donts-when-designing-for-email |
We propose an efficient algorithm to embed a given image into the latent space of StyleGAN. This embedding enables semantic image editing operations that can be applied to existing photographs. Taking the StyleGAN trained on the FFHD dataset as an example, we show results for image morphing, style transfer, and expression transfer. Studying the results of the embedding algorithm provides valuable insights into the structure of the StyleGAN latent space. We propose a set of experiments to test what class of images can be embedded, how they are embedded, what latent space is suitable for embedding, and if the embedding is semantically meaningful.
We consider the problem of face swapping in images, where an input identity is transformed into a target identity while preserving pose, facial expression, and lighting. To perform this mapping, we use convolutional neural networks trained to capture the appearance of the target identity from an unstructured collection of his/her photographs.This approach is enabled by framing the face swapping problem in terms of style transfer, where the goal is to render an image in the style of another one. Building on recent advances in this area, we devise a new loss function that enables the network to produce highly photorealistic results. By combining neural networks with simple pre- and post-processing steps, we aim at making face swap work in real-time with no input from the user.
Semantic segmentation is a difficult task even when trained in a supervised manner on photographs. In this paper, we tackle the problem of semantic segmentation of artistic paintings, an even more challenging task because of a much larger diversity in colors, textures, and shapes and because there are no ground truth annotations available for segmentation. We propose an unsupervised method for semantic segmentation of paintings using domain adaptation. Our approach creates a training set of pseudo-paintings in specific artistic styles by using style-transfer on the PASCAL VOC 2012 dataset, and then applies domain confusion between PASCAL VOC 2012 and real paintings. These two steps build on a new dataset we gathered called DRAM (Diverse Realism in Art Movements) composed of figurative art paintings from four movements, which are highly diverse in pattern, color, and geometry. To segment new paintings, we present a composite multi-domain adaptation method that trains on each sub-domain separately and composes their solutions during inference time. Our method provides better segmentation results not only on the specific artistic movements of DRAM, but also on other, unseen ones. We compare our approach to alternative methods and show applications of semantic segmentation in art paintings. The code and models for our approach are publicly available at: https://github.com/Nadavc220/SemanticSegmentationInArtPaintings.
We propose replacing scene text in videos using deep style transfer and learned photometric transformations.Building on recent progress on still image text replacement,we present extensions that alter text while preserving the appearance and motion characteristics of the original video.Compared to the problem of still image text replacement,our method addresses additional challenges introduced by video, namely effects induced by changing lighting, motion blur, diverse variations in camera-object pose over time,and preservation of temporal consistency. We parse the problem into three steps. First, the text in all frames is normalized to a frontal pose using a spatio-temporal trans-former network. Second, the text is replaced in a single reference frame using a state-of-art still-image text replacement method. Finally, the new text is transferred from the reference to remaining frames using a novel learned image transformation network that captures lighting and blur effects in a temporally consistent manner. Results on synthetic and challenging real videos show realistic text trans-fer, competitive quantitative and qualitative performance,and superior inference speed relative to alternatives. We introduce new synthetic and real-world datasets with paired text objects. To the best of our knowledge this is the first attempt at deep video text replacement.
We present an algorithm for re-rendering a person from a single image under arbitrary poses. Existing methods often have difficulties in hallucinating occluded contents photo-realistically while preserving the identity and fine details in the source image. We first learn to inpaint the correspondence field between the body surface texture and the source image with a human body symmetry prior. The inpainted correspondence field allows us to transfer/warp local features extracted from the source to the target view even under large pose changes. Directly mapping the warped local features to an RGB image using a simple CNN decoder often leads to visible artifacts. Thus, we extend the StyleGAN generator so that it takes pose as input (for controlling poses) and introduces a spatially varying modulation for the latent space using the warped local features (for controlling appearances). We show that our method compares favorably against the state-of-the-art algorithms in both quantitative evaluation and visual comparison.
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have demonstrated impressive image generation quality and semantic editing capability of real images, e.g., changing object classes, modifying attributes, or transferring styles. However, applying these GAN-based editing to a video independently for each frame inevitably results in temporal flickering artifacts. We present a simple yet effective method to facilitate temporally coherent video editing. Our core idea is to minimize the temporal photometric inconsistency by optimizing both the latent code and the pre-trained generator. We evaluate the quality of our editing on different domains and GAN inversion techniques and show favorable results against the baselines.
We propose an approach to domain adaptation for semantic segmentation that is both practical and highly accurate. In contrast to previous work, we abandon the use of computationally involved adversarial objectives, network ensembles and style transfer. Instead, we employ standard data augmentation techniques $-$ photometric noise, flipping and scaling $-$ and ensure consistency of the semantic predictions across these image transformations. We develop this principle in a lightweight self-supervised framework trained on co-evolving pseudo labels without the need for cumbersome extra training rounds. Simple in training from a practitioner's standpoint, our approach is remarkably effective. We achieve significant improvements of the state-of-the-art segmentation accuracy after adaptation, consistent both across different choices of the backbone architecture and adaptation scenarios.
Deep neural networks have largely failed to effectively utilize synthetic data when applied to real images due to the covariate shift problem. In this paper, we show that by applying a straightforward modification to an existing photorealistic style transfer algorithm, we achieve state-of-the-art synthetic-to-real domain adaptation results. We conduct extensive experimental validations on four synthetic-to-real tasks for semantic segmentation and object detection, and show that our approach exceeds the performance of any current state-of-the-art GAN-based image translation approach as measured by segmentation and object detection metrics. Furthermore we offer a distance based analysis of our method which shows a dramatic reduction in Frechet Inception distance between the source and target domains, offering a quantitative metric that demonstrates the effectiveness of our algorithm in bridging the synthetic-to-real gap.
Ever since Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) emerges as a viable business that utilizes deep learning models to generate lucrative revenue, Intellectual Property Right (IPR) has become a major concern because these deep learning models can easily be replicated, shared, and re-distributed by any unauthorized third parties. To the best of our knowledge, one of the prominent deep learning models - Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) which has been widely used to create photorealistic image are totally unprotected despite the existence of pioneering IPR protection methodology for Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). This paper therefore presents a complete protection framework in both black-box and white-box settings to enforce IPR protection on GANs. Empirically, we show that the proposed method does not compromise the original GANs performance (i.e. image generation, image super-resolution, style transfer), and at the same time, it is able to withstand both removal and ambiguity attacks against embedded watermarks. | https://www.catalyzex.com/search?query=photo%20style%20transfer&page=13 |
Medical negligence is a serious threat to the health, future, and wellbeing of medical patients across the United States. According to the National Center for Biotechnology Information,
Since the 1960s the frequency of medical malpractice claims has increased; and today, lawsuits filed by aggrieved patients alleging malpractice by a physician are relatively common in the United States. One survey of specialty arthroplasty surgeons reported that more than 70% of respondents had been sued at least once for medical malpractice during their career
If you believe that a doctor (or other member of the medical field) committed an act of negligence and hurt you, you may have grounds for a medical negligence claim. With the help of a personal injury attorney, you may be able to collect financial compensation for:
- Hospitalization
- Doctor's visits
- Future medical expenses
- Missed wages
- Noneconomic damages
If you lost a loved one at the hands of a negligent doctor, you can sue the responsible care provider / hospital on behalf of your loved one through a wrongful death claim.
Proving medical negligence starts with "duty of care;" the idea that doctors, nurses, surgeons, etc. are responsible – to the best of their ability – for their patients' health. A doctor commits medical malpractice when he / she breaches duty of care.
A successful medical malpractice case is built on four elements: duty of care, breach of duty, injury, and damages. In order to collect money for your accident, you must demonstrate that the doctor, hospital, etc. owed you duty of care. Then, you must show that the other party acted negligently, breaching the duty.
If the other party committed an act of negligence but the negligence was not responsible for your injury, you do not have a valid claim for medical neglect; the malpractice must be directly responsible for your suffering.
Finally, you must be able to demonstrate that the injury resulted in damages, such as medical bills or pain and suffering. According to the National Center for Biotechnology Information, most medical negligence cases take economic damages (medical costs, etc.) and noneconomic damages (paint and suffering) into consideration.
Medical Negligence and the Doctrine of "Res Ipsa"
Proving medical malpractice is difficult, especially since medical reports, etc. are often written by the accused doctor or nurse. U.S. law recognizes this fact and allows victims of medical malpractice to apply the doctrine of "res ipsa loquitur" to their cases; a Latin phrase that translates to "the thing speaks for itself." In short, this doctrine implies that the victim doesn't need to show absolute proof of negligence; he / she only needs to prove that the injury could have been avoided if the defendant acted differently.
Res Ipsa lessens the plaintiff's burden of proof. In order to employ this doctrine, the plaintiff must show that:
- The plaintiff did not cause the injury
- It is impossible to obtain evidence of the malpractice
- The type of accident, injury, or illness does not occur without negligence
- The defendant(s) controlled the circumstances that led to the injury
- The injury could not have occurred under circumstances outside of the defendant's control
If the court invokes the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur, you are no longer hold the burden of proof; instead, the defendant is responsible to show that he / she did not commit an act of negligence.
"How much is my medical malpractice case worth?"
If you suspect that your injury was caused by medical neglect, you probably have a lot of questions about your rights as an accident victim, such as "How much is my case worth?" United States law does not designate an amount of money that you can collect for medical malpractice. In fact, every negligence settlement is determined by the unique facts surrounding the case.
Factors that can affect the value of your claim:
- How much money do you owe in medical expenses?
- How much money did you lose by missing work (lost wages)
- How much money will you need for future medical costs, care, and procedures?
- Did the injury result in significant mental anguish, pain, or suffering?
Contact Henningsen Injury Attorneys, P.C. to learn more about your legal rights and options with our firm. We believe that careless doctors, nurses, surgeons, and other care providers should be held responsible for their actions.
Call our office for FREE evaluation of your case. You can also fill out an online case evaluation form to contact is directly. Take the first step toward the compensation that you deserve and speak with our Atlanta medical malpractice lawyers today. For additional information about medical malpractice lawsuits in Atlanta, GA, please visit our medical malpractice page.
Phone Number: (404) 800-6356
Location: | https://www.atlantapiattorney.com/atlanta-personal-injury-blog/2013/august/how-to-prove-a-medical-malpractice-case/ |
There are times when a mother dies during labor or pregnancy. This can be the direct result of malpractice by a medical professional, such as a doctor or nurse. If this happens, surviving family members, such as a spouse, will be faced with difficult circumstances. In addition to grieving the death of a loved one, they must consider if filing a wrongful death lawsuit makes sense.
There are many elements associated with the wrongful death of a mother. In order to file a claim, the following elements must be proven:
- The mother passed away.
- The death was caused by the recklessness or negligence or another party, such as a doctor.
- The plaintiff suffered a financial loss due to the mother's death.
If these elements are associated with the claim, the plaintiff has the right to seek compensation for some or all of the following:
- Pain and suffering
- Medical expenses
- Funeral expenses
- Loss of support and companionship
- Lost wages
While not likely, there are times when courts award punitive damages as well.
Most states have a statute of limitations on making a wrongful death claim. This means you have to file before a particular period of time expires, such as one year.
The wrongful death of a mother can be extremely painful for those who are left behind, including a spouse, infant and other family members. Anybody who is put in this position should fully understand his or her legal rights, while also giving him- or herself time to grieve the passing of a loved one. | https://www.maguirelawfirm.com/blog/2015/06/understanding-wrongful-death-of-a-mother.shtml |
There are two types of damages available in medical malpractice cases: compensatory damages and punitive damages.
1. Compensatory Damages
Compensatory damages are designed to compensate. To the extent possible, these types of damages are meant to make the person as "whole” as they were before the incident occurred. Generally, these damages can be broken up into two sub-categories:
a) actual damages (economic); and
b) general (non-economic) damages.
a) Actual Damages seek to reimburse a plaintiff for financial losses sustained and typically include:
- Medical Expenses - Medical and hospitalization bills incurred to treat your injuries.
- Wages or Loss of Income - lost due to work missed while you recuperate.
- Life Adjustment Costs - Costs of household or nursing help during recovery, including costs of wheelchair or crutches required.
b) General damages can, in addition to actual damages, be sought by malpractice victims and are designedtocover things that cannot be assigned an accurate dollar amount.
General damages are awarded if the plaintiff experiences significant and continuous pain and suffering:
- Pain and suffering - endured due to injuries and any subsequent mental anguish.
- Disfigurement.
- Value of medical expenses you are likely to incur in the future.
- Value of wages you are likely to lose in the future.
- Loss of consortium (benefits of a relationship).
- Loss of normal life.
2. Punitive Damages
In certain cases, punitive damages, also known as exemplary damages, may be awarded. Punitive damages are not based on actual injuries sustained. Instead, they are a way to punish the medical professional for intentional or grossly negligent conduct that caused the injury to the plaintiff. Although it is fairly uncommon to see punitive damages in a medical malpractice case, it does occur with some regularity.
One example where punitive damages may be appropriate is when the victim is able to prove that she was not provided with proper informed consent (e.g. by surgeon before operation, or anesthesiologists before consenting to going under before a procedure). Other such examples of medical malpractice so shocking that courts have awarded punitive damages include, but are not limited to:
- Misrepresentation or fraud regarding surgery;
- Improperly performing a surgery or providing follow-up care following surgery;
- Improper administering drugs or anesthesia;
- Manipulation of medical records; and
- Failing to perform adequate tests in establishing the health of a child.
Obtaining a Malpractice Attorney
If believe you or a loved one have suffered an injury due to malpractice and deserve medical malpractice damages, call The Rothenberg Law Firm LLP at 1-800-624-8888 or submit an online questionnaire.
The initial consultation is FREE of charge. If we agree to take on your case, we work on a contingency fee basis. This means that we collect fees for our services only if there is a monetary recovery of funds.
In most cases, a lawsuit must be filed before an upcoming expiration date, known as the Statute of Limitations. It is important, therefore, to call or contact us right away to ensure that you do not waive your right to possible compensation. | https://injurylawyer.com/medical-malpractice-attorney/medical-malpractice-damages/ |
If you get hurt in an accident as a result of someone else’s negligence, you should be thinking about filing a personal injury lawsuit to seek financial compensation. Understanding the way financial compensation works in an accident lawsuit is not always so straightforward, however. I often work with injury victims who have sustained numerous kinds of losses, like costs associated with hospital bills and lost wages, but also losses that cannot be easily quantified like pain or suffering. When it comes to damages like pain and suffering, or the loss of enjoyment of life, how can Ohio law put a price tag on such losses?
I want to tell you more about the kinds of damages you may be able to expect in your accident claim based on Ohio law.
Compensatory Damages: Economic and Noneconomic Losses
The most common type of damages a plaintiff will seek in an accident claim is compensatory damages. As the name might suggest to you, compensatory damages are designed to compensate an injury victim for his or her losses. But even compensatory damages are broken down into two separate categories — economic losses and noneconomic losses. Both are types of damages that you can seek in your accident claim. How does Ohio law define each of them?
Under the Ohio Rev. Code § 2315.18, economic losses are defined as any kind of pecuniary harm, which can include any of the following as a result of the accident and injury:
- Lost wages;
- Lost salary;
- Other lost workplace compensation;
- Medical care and treatment costs;
- Rehabilitative services;
- Other care, treatment, services, products, or accommodations needed; and/or
- Any other expenditure (money a person actually spent or will spend) as a result of the injury aside from attorney’s fees.
Noneconomic losses, differently, are defined under the statute as “non-pecuniary harm that results from an injury or loss to person or property,” and noneconomic losses may include but are not limited to the following:
- Pain and suffering;
- Loss of society;
- Loss of consortium;
- Loss of companionship;
- Loss of care;
- Loss of assistance;
- Loss of attention;
- Loss of protection;
- Loss of advice;
- Loss of guidance or counsel;
- Loss of instruction, training, or education;
- Disfigurement;
- Mental anguish; and
- Any other intangible loss.
Limits or Caps on Noneconomic Damages in Ohio
While there is no limit on the amount of economic damages a plaintiff can receive, Ohio law does cap noneconomic damages in almost all personal injury cases. In a medical malpractice case, Ohio law caps noneconomic damages at $250,000 or three times the amount of a plaintiff’s economic damages award—whichever is greater, but the total cannot exceed $350,000 for a single plaintiff. In some cases, such as those involving more than one plaintiff or catastrophic injury, the damages cap may be increased.
While medical malpractice caps are relatively common, Ohio law also imposes a cap on many awards of noneconomic damages in accident lawsuits. Those caps are the same as the ones I have listed above. However, if we can show that you sustained catastrophic injuries or permanent injury, it may be possible to lift the cap. | https://misnylaw.com/what-damages-can-i-expect-in-my-accident-claim/ |
Whether you’re a Hoosiers fan, one of the Fighting Irish, or you prefer the thrill of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, you know accidents don’t just happen to athletes and racecar drivers. If you’ve been injured and you’re pursuing a claim against someone in Indiana, you may be able to recover damages for pain and suffering, a legal term for the physical and emotional distress caused by a physical injury.
Read on to learn about the law regarding pain and suffering damages in Indiana.
key Aspects of Indiana Law on Pain and Suffering
The table below outlines key aspects of Indiana law regarding pain and suffering damages, including damage caps and the statute of limitations.
|
|
Statute of Limitations
|
|
2 years for personal injury, medical malpractice, and product liability (Sec’s. 34-11-2-4(1), 34-11-2-3, & 34-20-3-1); 270 days to give notice of a claim against state (Sec. 34-13-3-6); 180 days to give notice to a city or county (Sec. 34-13-3-8)
|
|
Limits on Damages
|
|
$1,250,000 cap on medical malpractice claims (Sec. 34-18-14-3) ($1.65 million after June 30, 2017; $1.8 after June 30, 2019); $700,000 cap on most claims against the state (Sec. 34-13-3-4)
|
|
Other Limits
|
|
Comparative negligence rule may prohibit or reduce recovery of any damages (Sec. 34-51-2-5, et seq.)
Types of Damages: Economic vs. Non-economic
Types of Damages
Most personal injury claims involve two kinds of damages: economic (or “special”) and non-economic (or “general”).
Economic Damages
Economic damages are the objective, out-of-pocket expenses of an accident, like medical bills and lost wages.
Non-economic Damages
Non-economic damages are harder to calculate and refer to the more subjective costs of an injury, including physical and emotional pain and suffering (for example: depression, insomnia, and physical pain).
How Pain and Suffering Damages Are Calculated
Since each person experiences pain and suffering differently, the damages for pain and suffering are inherently difficult to measure and vary widely. Furthermore, courts often give juries very little instruction for deciding how much to award the injured.
However, attorneys and juries sometimes use relevant factors to assign value to these kinds of damages, including:
- The extent of the injuries
- Disfigurement caused by the injuries
- Impairment of ability to perform usual activities
- Aggravation to any preexisting conditions
In calculating these damages, some attorneys also use a “multiplier method” where the attorney multiplies the economic damages by a certain number, usually between one and five. For example, if the plaintiff was severely injured and suffered $200,000 in lost wages, an attorney might argue that the plaintiff should be awarded five times that amount ($1,000,000) for pain and suffering alone.
Limits on Damages
Some states impose limits on these types of awards. These limits are commonly referred to as tort reform. For some reason, some politicians believe it is justifiable to limit how much an injured party can obtain from the negligence of a corporation while no such limitations are ever placed on the amount those same said corporations can earn.
While Indiana doesn’t cap damages for pain and suffering specifically, it does cap claims against the state at $700,000, and medical malpractice claims at $1.25 million.
Modified Comparative Negligence Rule
Additionally, the state’s modified comparative negligence rule bars any recovery if the plaintiff was more than 50% responsible for causing the injury. In all other scenarios, this rule reduces damages in proportion to the amount of fault attributable to the plaintiff.
Contact Us Today About your Case
Indiana has some very short time limits for filing certain claims, and the state’s comparative negligence rules could prohibit or reduce an otherwise fair award for damages. Learn how deadlines and damages caps might affect your claim by contacting us today.
If you believe you might have a case, it is crucial you contact a qualified attorney immediately.
We can arrange a virtual appointment, in-person appointment at our office, or even travel to your home to meet you and your family.
Contact The Lockwood Legal Group for a free consultation today! Call US or send us an email. | https://lockwoodlegal.com/availability-of-pain-and-suffering-damages-in-indiana/ |
You may have heard the phrase, “If you have been injured, you could be entitled to compensation” and wondered what it means. Like many personal injury and legal terms, you may be familiar with the term compensation, but you may not completely understand its legal implications.
To make matters more complicated, another legal term, damages, is often used synonymously or within the context of compensation when describing personal injury claims and other civil actions.
What’s the Difference Between Damages and Compensation?
First of all, what are damages? Put simply, damages are a legal remedy — usually in the form of money — paid by the court in a civil action to compensate an injured party for their loss, injury or suffering. In order for an injured party to be awarded damages for their injuries, they must show that a breach of duty or some form of negligence has occurred and caused some type of mental or physical injury.
Damages and compensation are often used together or interchangeably in the context of civil litigation, and there is not a true difference between the two terms. Like damages, compensation is money paid to an injured party that attempts to make amends (or in some cases attempts to make the person “whole”). Some types of damages do more than just compensate for loss or injury, which is the primary distinction between the two terms.
Types of Damages
There are generally two types of damages: compensatory and punitive.
- Compensatory damages – Damages paid to compensate an injured party for loss, injury or harm suffered as a result of the negligence of another. When the court determines compensation, they often look at lost wages, medical bills related to the injury, cost of repair to damaged property and costs associated with materials used to heal the injury. In some cases, an injured party may receive compensation for emotional distress and pain and suffering.
- Punitive damages – Damages awarded to punish the negligent party. Punitive damages are typically awarded when the injured party can prove that the defendant’s negligence was intentional. Often controversial, certain rules dictate how and when punitive damages will be awarded while some states do not allow punitive damages at all.
Other forms of damages are available as well, including nominal damages (awarded when there is no proof of harm), liquidated damages (damages assigned when a contract is initially formed), and speculative damages (damages that have not yet occurred).
How Can an Attorney Help Recover Compensation for Injuries?
When one party’s negligence results in injury to another, the injured party potentially suffers loss in a variety of ways. Injured parties have the legal right to pursue damages to recover those losses. Knowledgeable, experienced personal injury attorneys will do what it takes to investigate an injured person’s case to seek the compensation that they deserve.
Common types of damages recoverable in a personal injury case may include:
- Medical bills and expenses
- Pain and suffering
- Lost wages
- Loss of ability to earn
- Scarring and disfigurement
When someone’s negligence results in the death of another person, family members of the person killed may recover damages for the wrongful death of their loved one. Wrongful death damages may include medical expenses incurred prior to death, conscious pain and suffering prior to death, loss of the economic support of the loved one, loss of the companionship of the loved one, and funeral expenses. | https://yourattorney.com/blog/difference-between-damages-compensation/ |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.