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telescope | Space and Astronomy | 1 | A tool that, when looked through, makes far-off objects seem closerand larger. |
test flight | Space and Astronomy | 1 | A flight made to test an aircraft, rocket or spacecraft. |
thermal protection system | Space and Astronomy | 1 | A system used to protect spacecraft from temperatures that are too hotor too cold. |
year | Space and Astronomy | 1 | The time in which a planet completes a revolution around the Sun. |
zarya | Space and Astronomy | 1 | The first part of the International Space Station that was delivered to space. |
♈︎ | Space and Astronomy | 1 | The location of the March equinox upon the celestial sphere, used as a reference point in celestial coordinate systems. Located in the constellation Pisces, the First Point of Aries defines the ecliptic coordinate of (0°, 0°) and represents the point at which the Sun meets the celestial equator while traveling from south to north each year. It is directly opposite the First Point of Libra. |
☊ or ω | Space and Astronomy | 1 | The angle between a specified reference direction, called the origin of longitude, and the direction of an orbit's ascending node, as measured on a specified plane of reference. The angle is typically measured eastwards from the reference direction to the ascending node (i.e. counterclockwise as seen from the north). It is one of six canonical orbital elements used to characterize an orbit. |
m☉ | Space and Astronomy | 1 | A standard unit of mass equal to the mass of the Earth's Sun, or approximately 1.98847×1030 kg. It is commonly used to express the masses of other stars and astronomical objects relative to the Sun. |
r☉ | Space and Astronomy | 1 | A standard unit of distance equal to the radius of the Earth's Sun (typically measured from the Sun's center to the layer in the photosphere at which the optical depth equals 2/3), or approximately 695,700 kilometres (432,300 mi). It is commonly used to express the radii of other stars and astronomical objects relative to the Sun. |
aarskog–scott syndrome | Medicine and Health | 1 | (AAS) A rare, inherited (X-linked) disease characterized by short stature, facial abnormalities, skeletal and genital anomalies. |
abdomen | Medicine and Health | 1 | The part of the body between the chest and pelvis , which contains most of the tubelike organs of the digestive tract, as well as several solid organs. |
abdominal external oblique muscle | Medicine and Health | 1 | The largest, and outermost, of the three flat muscles of the lateral anterior abdominal wall. |
abdominal internal oblique muscle | Medicine and Health | 1 | A muscle of the abdominal wall, which lies below the external oblique and just above the transverse abdominal muscles . |
abductor pollicis brevis muscle | Medicine and Health | 1 | A muscle in the hand that abducts (straightens) the thumb. |
abductor pollicis longus muscle | Medicine and Health | 1 | One of the extrinsic muscles of the hand. Its major function is to abduct the thumb at the wrist. |
abscess | Medicine and Health | 1 | A collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body. |
accommodation | Medicine and Health | 1 | the process by which the eye focuses on an object. |
accommodation reflex | Medicine and Health | 1 | a reflex action of the eye, measured as a response to focusing on a near object, then looking at a distant object (and vice versa). |
acetabulum | Medicine and Health | 1 | a concave surface of the pelvis , which forms the pelvic section of the hip joint . |
achilles tendon | Medicine and Health | 1 | a tendon of the back of the leg, and the thickest in the human body. It attaches the plantaris , gastrocnemius (calf) and soleus muscles to the calcaneus (heel) bone. |
acne | Medicine and Health | 1 | a long-term skin disease that occurs when hair follicles are clogged with dead skin cells and oil from the skin . |
acne vulgaris | Medicine and Health | 1 | see Acne |
acupressure | Medicine and Health | 1 | an alternative medicine technique where pressure is applied to acupuncture points. Pressure may be applied by hand, by elbow, or with various devices. |
acupuncture | Medicine and Health | 1 | a form of alternative medicine in which thin needles are inserted into the body. |
adam's apple | Medicine and Health | 1 | the lump or protrusion that is formed by the angle of the thyroid cartilage surrounding the larynx seen especially in males. |
adaptive immune system | Medicine and Health | 1 | also known as the acquired immune system or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate pathogens or prevent their growth. |
adenoma | Medicine and Health | 1 | (plural adenomas or adenomata) is a benign tumor of epithelial tissue with glandular origin, glandular characteristics, or both. |
adrenal gland | Medicine and Health | 1 | The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol . They are found above the kidneys . |
allergy | Medicine and Health | 1 | Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment. These diseases include hay fever , food allergies , atopic dermatitis , allergic asthma , and anaphylaxis . Symptoms may include red eyes , an itchy rash, sneezing , a runny nose , shortness of breath , or swelling. Food intolerances and food poisoning are separate conditions. |
adhd | Medicine and Health | 1 | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. |
alzheimer's disease | Medicine and Health | 1 | (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and worsens over time. It is the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia . The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events ( short-term memory loss). |
anal canal | Medicine and Health | 1 | is the terminal part of the large intestine . It is situated between the rectum and anus , below the level of the pelvic diaphragm . In humans it is approximately 2.5 to 4 cm (0.98-1.58 in) long. It lies in the anal triangle of perineum in between the right and left ischioanal fossa . |
anatomy | Medicine and Health | 1 | The study of the structure of organisms and their parts, including human anatomy. |
anesthesiology | Medicine and Health | 1 | anaesthesiology, anaesthesia or anaesthetics (see Terminology ) is the medical speciality concerned with the total perioperative care of patients before, during and after surgery . |
angiology | Medicine and Health | 1 | is the medical specialty which studies the diseases of the circulatory system and of the lymphatic system , i.e., arteries , veins and lymphatic vessels , and its diseases . |
ankle | Medicine and Health | 1 | The ankle, or the talocrural region, is the region where the foot and the leg meet. The ankle includes three joints : the ankle joint proper or talocrural joint, the subtalar joint , and the inferior tibiofibular joint . The movements produced at this joint are dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot. In common usage, the term ankle refers exclusively to the ankle region. In medical terminology, "ankle" (without qualifiers) can refer broadly to the region or specifically to the talocrural joint. |
anterior tibial artery | Medicine and Health | 1 | The anterior tibial artery of the leg carries blood to the anterior compartment of the leg and dorsal surface of the foot , from the popliteal artery . |
antibiotic | Medicine and Health | 1 | A medicine that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms. |
antibody | Medicine and Health | 1 | A protein produced by the immune system that specifically binds to and neutralizes foreign substances, such as pathogens. |
aorta | Medicine and Health | 1 | is the main artery in the human body , originating from the left ventricle of the heart and extending down to the abdomen , where it splits into two smaller arteries (the common iliac arteries ). The aorta distributes oxygenated blood to all parts of the body through the systemic circulation . |
appendix | Medicine and Health | 1 | The appendix (or vermiform appendix; also cecal appendix; vermix; or vermiform process) is a finger-like, blind-ended tube connected to the cecum , from which it develops in the embryo . The cecum is a pouch-like structure of the colon , located at the junction of the small and the large intestines . The term " vermiform " comes from Latin and means "worm-shaped." The appendix used to be considered a vestigial organ , but this view has changed over the past decades. |
arm | Medicine and Health | 1 | is the part of the upper limb between the glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint) and the elbow joint . In common usage, the arm extends to the hand. It can be divided into the upper arm, which extends from the shoulder to the elbow, the forearm which extends from the elbow to the hand, and the hand . Anatomically the shoulder girdle with bones and corresponding muscles is by definition a part of the arm. The Latin term brachium may refer to either the arm as a whole or to the upper arm on its own. |
arteriole | Medicine and Health | 1 | is a small-diameter blood vessel in the microcirculation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries . s have muscular walls (usually only one to two layers of smooth muscle ) and are the primary site of vascular resistance . The greatest change in blood pressure and velocity of blood flow occurs at the transition of arterioles to capillaries. |
artery | Medicine and Health | 1 | is a blood vessel that takes blood away from the heart to all parts of the body (tissues, lungs, etc.). Most arteries carry oxygenated blood; the two exceptions are the pulmonary and the umbilical arteries , which carry deoxygenated blood to the organs that oxygenate it. The effective arterial blood volume is that extracellular fluid which fills the arterial system. |
arthritis | Medicine and Health | 1 | is a term often used to mean any disorder that affects joints . Symptoms generally include joint pain and stiffness. Other symptoms may include redness, warmth, swelling , and decreased range of motion of the affected joints. |
asperger syndrome | Medicine and Health | 1 | (AS), also known as Asperger's, is a developmental disorder characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication , along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. As a milder autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it differs from other ASDs by relatively normal language and intelligence . Although not required for diagnosis, physical clumsiness and unusual use of language are common. |
asthma | Medicine and Health | 1 | is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs. It is characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction , and bronchospasm . Symptoms include episodes of wheezing , coughing , chest tightness, and shortness of breath . |
atony | Medicine and Health | 1 | absence of muscle tone . |
atrial fibrillation | Medicine and Health | 1 | (AF or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atria . Often it starts as brief periods of abnormal beating which become longer and possibly constant over time. Often episodes have no symptoms . |
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | Medicine and Health | 1 | is a mental disorder of the neurodevelopmental type. It is characterized by problems paying attention , excessive activity, or difficulty controlling behavior which is not appropriate for a person's age . |
auscultation | Medicine and Health | 1 | is listening to the internal sounds of the body, usually using a stethoscope . is performed for the purposes of examining the circulatory and respiratory systems ( heart and breath sounds ), as well as the gastrointestinal system . |
autism | Medicine and Health | 1 | is a developmental disorder characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication , and by restricted and repetitive behavior . Parents usually notice signs during the first two or three years of their child's life. These signs often develop gradually, though some children with autism reach their developmental milestones at a normal pace before worsening . |
axilla | Medicine and Health | 1 | (also, armpit, underarm or oxter) is the area on the human body directly under the joint where the arm connects to the shoulder . It also provides the under-arm sweat gland . |
axillary artery | Medicine and Health | 1 | is a large blood vessel that conveys oxygenated blood to the lateral aspect of the thorax , the axilla (armpit) and the upper limb . Its origin is at the lateral margin of the first rib , before which it is called the subclavian artery . |
back | Medicine and Health | 1 | The human back is the large posterior area of the human body , rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck and the shoulders. It is the surface of the body opposite from the chest . The vertebral column runs the length of the back and creates a central area of recession. The breadth of the back is created by the shoulders at the top and the pelvis at the bottom. |
back pain | Medicine and Health | 1 | is pain felt in the back . It is divided into neck pain (cervical), middle back pain (thoracic), lower back pain (lumbar) or coccydynia (tailbone or sacral pain) based on the segment affected. The lumbar area is the most common area for pain, as it supports most of the weight in the upper body. Episodes of back pain may be acute , sub-acute, or chronic depending on the duration. The pain may be characterized as a dull ache, shooting or piercing pain, or a burning sensation. Discomfort can radiate into the arms and hands as well as the legs or feet , and may include numbness , or weakness in the legs and arms. |
barotrauma | Medicine and Health | 1 | is injury caused by a pressure difference between tissues and a gas filled space. |
basal | Medicine and Health | 1 | Anatomy : In the direction of the base. Antonym apical . Physiology : Lowest sustained level or minimum level required, as in basal metabolic rate . |
beta cell | Medicine and Health | 1 | s (β cells) are a type of cell found in pancreatic islets that synthesize and secrete insulin . s make up 50-70% of the cells in human islets. In patients with type I or type II diabetes , beta-cell mass and function are diminished, leading to insufficient insulin secretion and hyperglycemia. |
biceps | Medicine and Health | 1 | also biceps brachii (Latin for "two-headed muscle of the arm"), is a large muscle that lies on the front of the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow. Both heads of the muscle arise on the scapula and join to form a single muscle belly which is attached to the upper forearm. While the biceps crosses both the shoulder and elbow joints, its main function is at the elbow where it flexes the forearm and supinates the forearm. Both these movements are used when opening a bottle with a corkscrew: first biceps unscrews the cork (supination), then it pulls the cork out (flexion). |
biceps brachii | Medicine and Health | 1 | The biceps, also biceps brachii (Latin for "two-headed muscle of the arm"), is a large muscle that lies on the front of the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow. Both heads of the muscle arise on the scapula and join to form a single muscle belly which is attached to the upper forearm. While the biceps crosses both the shoulder and elbow joints, its main function is at the elbow where it flexes the forearm and supinates the forearm. Both these movements are used when opening a bottle with a corkscrew: first biceps unscrews the cork (supination), then it pulls the cork out (flexion). |
bile duct | Medicine and Health | 1 | is any of a number of long tube-like structures that carry bile . Bile, required for the digestion of food, is secreted by the liver into passages that carry bile toward the hepatic duct , which joins with the cystic duct (carrying bile to and from the gallbladder ) to form the common bile duct , which opens into the intestine . |
biliary tract | Medicine and Health | 1 | The biliary tract, (biliary tree or biliary system) refers to the liver , gall bladder and bile ducts , and how they work together to make, store and secrete bile . Bile consists of water, electrolytes , bile acids , cholesterol , phospholipids and conjugated bilirubin . Some components are synthesised by hepatocytes (liver cells), the rest are extracted from the blood by the liver. |
binge eating disorder | Medicine and Health | 1 | (BED), is an eating disorder characterized by frequent and recurrent binge eating episodes with associated negative psychological and social problems, but without subsequent purging episodes (e.g. vomiting). BED is a recently described condition, which was required to distinguish binge eating similar to that seen in bulimia nervosa but without characteristic purging. Individuals who are diagnosed with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder exhibit similar patterns of compulsive overeating, neurobiological features of dysfunctional cognitive control and food addiction , and biological and environmental risk factors. Indeed, some consider BED a milder version of bulimia, and that the conditions are on the same spectrum. |
biological engineering | Medicine and Health | 1 | or bioengineering, or bio-engineering, is the application of principles of biology and the tools of engineering to create usable, tangible, economically viable products. employs knowledge and expertise from a number of pure and applied sciences, such as mass and heat transfer, kinetics, biocatalysts, biomechanics, bioinformatics , separation and purification processes, bioreactor design, surface science, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics , and polymer science. It is used in the design of medical devices, diagnostic equipment, biocompatible materials, renewable bioenergy, ecological engineering, agricultural engineering, and other areas that improve the living standards of societies. |
biology | Medicine and Health | 1 | is the natural science that studies life and living organisms , including their physical structure , chemical processes , molecular interactions , physiological mechanisms , development and evolution . |
biochemistry | Medicine and Health | 1 | sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms . |
bioinformatics | Medicine and Health | 1 | is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data. As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines biology , computer science , information engineering , mathematics and statistics to analyze and interpret biological data. |
biopsy | Medicine and Health | 1 | A medical procedure involving the removal of tissue for diagnostic examination. |
biostatistics | Medicine and Health | 1 | are the application of statistics to a wide range of topics in biology . It encompasses the design of biological experiments , especially in medicine , pharmacy , agriculture and fishery ; the collection, summarization, and analysis of data from those experiments; and the interpretation of, and inference from, the results. A major branch is medical biostatistics, which is exclusively concerned with medicine and health. |
bipolar disorder | Medicine and Health | 1 | is a mental disorder that causes periods of depression and periods of abnormally elevated mood |
birth control | Medicine and Health | 1 | also known as contraception and fertility control, is a method or device used to prevent pregnancy . |
bladder cancer | Medicine and Health | 1 | is any of several types of cancer arising from the tissues of the urinary bladder . It is a disease in which cells grow abnormally and have the potential to spread to other parts of the body . Symptoms include blood in the urine , pain with urination , and low back pain. |
blood pressure | Medicine and Health | 1 | is the pressure of circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels . Used without further specification, "blood pressure" usually refers to the pressure in large arteries of the systemic circulation . is usually expressed in terms of the systolic pressure (maximum during one heartbeat) over diastolic pressure (minimum in between two heartbeats) and is measured in millimeters of mercury ( mmHg ), above the surrounding atmospheric pressure . |
blood vessel | Medicine and Health | 1 | The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system , and microcirculation , that transports blood throughout the human body . |
bone | Medicine and Health | 1 | is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton . s support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells , store minerals , provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility . s come in a variety of shapes and sizes and have a complex internal and external structure. They are lightweight yet strong and hard, and serve multiple functions . |
bone marrow | Medicine and Health | 1 | is a semi-solid tissue which may be found within the spongy or cancellous portions of bones . is the primary site of new blood cell production or hematopoiesis . It is composed of hematopoietic cells , marrow adipose tissue , and supportive stromal cells. In adult humans, bone marrow is primarily located in the ribs, vertebrae, sternum, and bones of the pelvis. On average, bone marrow constitutes 4% of the total body mass of humans; in an adult having 65 kilograms of mass (143 lb), bone marrow typically accounts for approximately 2.6 kilograms (5.7 lb). |
brachial artery | Medicine and Health | 1 | is the major blood vessel of the (upper) arm. It is the continuation of the axillary artery beyond the lower margin of teres major muscle . It continues down the ventral surface of the arm until it reaches the cubital fossa at the elbow . It then divides into the radial and ulnar arteries which run down the forearm . In some individuals, the bifurcation occurs much earlier and the ulnar and radial arteries extend through the upper arm. The pulse of the brachial artery is palpable on the anterior aspect of the elbow, medial to the tendon of the biceps , and, with the use of a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) often used to measure the blood pressure . |
brachial plexus | Medicine and Health | 1 | is a network of nerves formed by the ventral rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve ( C5 , C6 , C7 , C8 , and T1 ). This plexus extends from the spinal cord , through the cervicoaxillary canal in the neck, over the first rib, and into the armpit . It supplies afferent and efferent nerve fibers to the chest, shoulder, arm and hand. |
brachial veins | Medicine and Health | 1 | In human anatomy , the brachial veins are venae comitantes of the brachial artery in the arm proper. Because they are deep to muscle, they are considered deep veins . Their course is that of the brachial artery (in reverse): they begin where radial veins and ulnar veins join (corresponding to the bifurcation of the brachial artery). They end at the inferior border of the teres major muscle. At this point, the brachial veins join the basilic vein to form the axillary vein . The brachial veins also have small tributaries that drain the muscles of the upper arm, such as biceps brachii muscle and triceps brachii muscle . |
brachioradialis | Medicine and Health | 1 | is a muscle of the forearm that flexes the forearm at the elbow . It is also capable of both pronation and supination , depending on the position of the forearm. It is attached to the distal styloid process of the radius by way of the brachioradialis tendon, and to the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus . |
bradycardia | Medicine and Health | 1 | is a condition typically defined wherein an individual has a resting heart rate of under 60 beats per minute (BPM) in adults. |
brain | Medicine and Health | 1 | The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system , and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system . The brain consists of the cerebrum , the brainstem and the cerebellum . It controls most of the activities of the body , processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sense organs , and making decisions as to the instructions sent to the rest of the body. The brain is contained in, and protected by, the skull bones of the head . |
brain tumor | Medicine and Health | 1 | occurs when abnormal cells form within the brain . There are two main types of tumors : malignant or cancerous tumors and benign tumors. |
brain metastasis | Medicine and Health | 1 | is a cancer that has metastasized (spread) to the brain from another location in the body and is therefore considered a secondary brain tumor . The metastasis typically shares a cancer cell type with the original site of the cancer. |
breast | Medicine and Health | 1 | The breast is one of two prominences located on the upper ventral region of the torso of primates . In females, it serves as the mammary gland , which produces and secretes milk to feed infants . Both females and males develop breasts from the same embryological tissues. At puberty , estrogens , in conjunction with growth hormone , cause breast development in female humans and to a much lesser extent in other primates. development in other primate females generally only occurs with pregnancy. |
breast cancer | Medicine and Health | 1 | is cancer that develops from breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, or a red or scaly patch of skin. In those with distant spread of the disease , there may be bone pain , swollen lymph nodes , shortness of breath , or yellow skin . |
broca's area | Medicine and Health | 1 | or the Broca area, is a region in the frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere , usually the left, of the brain with functions linked to speech production . |
bronchiole | Medicine and Health | 1 | The bronchioles or bronchioli are the passageways by which air passes through the nose or mouth to the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs , in which branches no longer contain cartilage or glands in their submucosa . They are branches of the bronchi , and are part of the conducting zone of the respiratory system . The bronchioles divide further into smaller terminal bronchioles which are still in the conducting zone and these then divide into the smaller respiratory bronchioles which mark the beginning of the respiratory region. |
bronchus | Medicine and Health | 1 | A bronchi is a passage of airway in the respiratory system that conducts air into the lungs . The first bronchi to branch from the trachea are the right main bronchus and the left main bronchus. These are the widest and enter the lungs at each hilum , where they branch into narrower secondary bronchi known as lobar bronchi, and these branch into narrower tertiary bronchi known as segmental bronchi. Further divisions of the segmental bronchi are known as 4th order, 5th order, and 6th order segmental bronchi, or grouped together as subsegmental bronchi. The bronchi when too narrow to be supported by cartilage are known as bronchioles . No gas exchange takes place in the bronchi. |
bruit | Medicine and Health | 1 | also called vascular murmur, is the abnormal sound generated by turbulent flow of blood in an artery due to either an area of partial obstruction or a localized high rate of blood flow through an unobstructed artery. |
bulimia nervosa | Medicine and Health | 1 | also known as simply bulimia , is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging. Binge eating refers to eating a large amount of food in a short amount of time. Purging refers to the attempts to get rid of the food consumed. |
buttocks | Medicine and Health | 1 | are two rounded portions of the anatomy, located on the posterior of the pelvic region and comprise a layer of fat superimposed on the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius muscles . Physiologically, the buttocks enable weight to be taken off the feet while sitting. |
calcium | Medicine and Health | 1 | ions (Ca 2+ ) contribute to the physiology and biochemistry of organisms and the cell . They play an important role in signal transduction pathways, where they act as a second messenger , in neurotransmitter release from neurons , in contraction of all muscle cell types, and in fertilization . Many enzymes require calcium ions as a cofactor, those of the blood-clotting cascade being notable examples. Extracellular calcium is also important for maintaining the potential difference across excitable cell membranes , as well as proper bone formation. |
calf | Medicine and Health | 1 | is the back portion of the lower leg in human anatomy . The muscles within the calf correspond to the posterior compartment of the leg . The two largest muscles within this compartment are known together as the calf muscle and attach to the heel via the Achilles tendon . Several other, smaller muscles attach to the knee , the ankle , and via long tendons to the toes . |
cancer | Medicine and Health | 1 | is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors , which do not spread to other parts of the body. |
capillary | Medicine and Health | 1 | is a small blood vessel from 5 to 10 micrometres (μm) in diameter, and having a wall one endothelial cell thick. They are the smallest blood vessels in the body: they convey blood between the arterioles and venules . These microvessels are the site of exchange of many substances with the interstitial fluid surrounding them. |
carcinogen | Medicine and Health | 1 | is any substance, radionuclide , or radiation that promotes carcinogenesis , the formation of cancer . This may be due to the ability to damage the genome or to the disruption of cellular metabolic processes. |
carcinogenesis | Medicine and Health | 1 | also called oncogenesis or tumorigenesis, is the formation of a cancer , whereby normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. |
cardiac arrest | Medicine and Health | 1 | a sudden loss of blood flow resulting from the failure of the heart to effectively pump. Symptoms include loss of consciousness and abnormal or absent breathing . Some individuals may experience chest pain , shortness of breath , or nausea before cardiac arrest. If not treated within minutes, it typically leads to death . |
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