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sonoluminescence | Physics | 1 | A mechanical wave that is an oscillation of pressure transmitted through a solid, liquid, or gas and composed of frequencies within the range of human hearing. |
sound | Physics | 1 | A mechanical wave that is an oscillation of pressure transmitted through a solid, liquid, or gas and composed of frequencies within the range of human hearing. |
speed of light | Physics | 1 | A fundamental universal physical constant defined as exactly 299,792,458 metres per second, a figure that is exact because the length of the metre is defined from this constant and the international standard for time. When not otherwise qualified, the term "speed of light" usually refers to the speed of light in vacuum, as opposed to the speed of light through some physical medium. |
stable isotope ratio | Physics | 1 | The relative abundances of the atomically stable isotopes of a given element as they occur in nature or in a particular experimental context. |
stable nuclide | Physics | 1 | Any nuclide that is not radioactive and does not spontaneously undergo radioactive decay, as opposed to a radionuclide. When such nuclides are referred to in relation to specific elements, they are usually termed stable isotopes. |
standard model | Physics | 1 | The theory of particle physics which describes three of the four known fundamental forces (the electromagnetic force, the weak force, and the strong force, but not the gravitational force) and classifies all known elementary particles. |
statics | Physics | 1 | The branch of mechanics concerned with the analysis of loads (force and torque, or "moment") on physical systems in static equilibrium, that is, in a state where the relative positions of subsystems do not vary over time, or where components and structures are at a constant velocity. |
stiffness | Physics | 1 | The rigidity of an object, i.e. the extent to which it resists deformation in response to an applied force. |
strain | Physics | 1 | The transformation of a body from a reference configuration to a current configuration. A configuration is a set containing the positions of all particles of the body. |
stress | Physics | 1 | 1. An applied force or system of forces that tends to strain or deform a physical body. |
subatomic particle | Physics | 1 | Any particle that is smaller than an atom. |
sublimation | Physics | 1 | The physical process by which matter is transformed directly from the solid phase to the gas phase without passing through an intermediate liquid phase. Sublimation is an endothermic phase transition that occurs at temperatures and pressures below a substance's triple point in its phase diagram. |
superconductor | Physics | 1 | A type of solid material whose electrical resistance drops to zero when cooled below a certain temperature. |
temperature | Physics | 1 | A physical property of matter that quantitatively expresses the common notions of hot and cold. |
theoretical physics | Physics | 1 | A branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems in order to rationalize, explain, and predict natural phenomena, as opposed to experimental physics, which relies on data generated by experimental observations. |
thermal equilibrium | Physics | 1 | A state in which all parts of a system are at the same temperature. |
thermometer | Physics | 1 | An instrument used to measure temperature. |
torque | Physics | 1 | The turning or twisting force about a pivot. |
toughness | Physics | 1 | The ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing. Material toughness is defined as the amount of energy per unit volume that a material can absorb before rupturing. It is also defined as the resistance to fracture of a material when stressed. |
trajectory | Physics | 1 | An arc (path) made (or likely to be made) by an object, such as a bullet or a launched rocket, as it moves from its launch position to its point of impact. The moving object has had some force applied to it to set it moving on its path. |
trigonometry | Physics | 1 | A branch of mathematics that studies triangles and the relationships between their sides and the angles between these sides. |
triple point | Physics | 1 | The temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of a given substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium. |
unbalanced forces | Physics | 1 | When there is unbalanced force(s); and as such, the object changes its state of motion. The object is not at equilibrium and subsequently accelerates. |
uncertainty principle | Physics | 1 | Any of a variety of mathematical inequalities asserting a fundamental limit to the precision with which certain pairs of physical properties of a particle, such as position x and momentum p, cannot be known simultaneously. |
unified atomic mass unit | Physics | 1 | One dalton: one-twelfth the mass of an isolated neutral atom of the isotope 126C in its ground state. |
utility frequency | Physics | 1 | The frequency of the oscillations of alternating current (AC) in an electric power grid transmitted from a power plant to the end-user. |
vacuum | Physics | 1 | An area of space which contains no matter. |
valence electron | Physics | 1 | An electron that is associated with an atom and can participate in the formation of a chemical bond. |
valence shell | Physics | 1 | The outermost electron shell of an atom. |
vector | Physics | 1 | Any quantity that has both magnitude and direction. |
vector space | Physics | 1 | A mathematical structure formed by a collection of elements called vectors, which may be added together and multiplied ("scaled") by numbers called scalars. |
velocity | Physics | 1 | A vector quantity defined as the rate of change of the position of an object with respect to a given frame of reference. Velocity specifies both an object's speed and direction of motion (e.g. 60 kilometres per hour to the north). |
visible light | Physics | 1 | A form of electromagnetic radiation generally defined as the range of wavelengths visible to the average human eye. |
volt | Physics | 1 | The SI derived unit for electric potential, electric potential difference, and electromotive force, defined as the difference in electric potential between two points of a conducting wire when an electric current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power between those two points. |
v | Physics | 1 | The SI derived unit for electric potential, electric potential difference, and electromotive force, defined as the difference in electric potential between two points of a conducting wire when an electric current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power between those two points. |
voltmeter | Physics | 1 | An instrument used for measuring the difference in electric potential between two points in an electric circuit. Analog voltmeters move a pointer across a scale in proportion to the voltage of the circuit. |
watt | Physics | 1 | Unit of power, equal to 1 joule of energy per second. |
w | Physics | 1 | A derived unit of power in the International System of Units (SI) defined as one joule per second. The watt measures the rate of energy conversion or transfer. |
wave | Physics | 1 | A disturbance or oscillation that travels through spacetime accompanied by a transfer of energy. |
wavelength | Physics | 1 | The distance between two successive points of a wave (from one peak or crest of a wave and the next peak or crest). Usually refers to an electromagnetic wave, measured in nanometres (nm). |
weak interaction | Physics | 1 | One of the four fundamental forces of nature, along with the strong nuclear force, electromagnetism, and gravitation. It is responsible for the radioactive decay of subatomic particles and initiates the process known as hydrogen fusion in stars. |
wedge | Physics | 1 | A triangular round tool in the form of a compound and portable inclined plane; one of six classical simple machines. |
wheel and axle | Physics | 1 | A wheel attached to an axle in such a way that the two parts rotate together and transfer forces between them; one of six classical simple machines. |
white body | Physics | 1 | A hypothetical idealized physical body that reflects all incident electromagnetic radiation completely and uniformly in all directions; the opposite of a black body. |
wind | Physics | 1 | The flow of gases on a large scale. |
x-ray | Physics | 1 | A high-energy photon (between 100 eV and 100 keV) with a wavelength shorter than that of ultraviolet radiation and longer than that of gamma radiation. |
young’s modulus | Physics | 1 | A measure of the stiffness of a solid material which defines the relationship between mechanical stress and strain. |
zeeman effect | Physics | 1 | The effect of splitting a spectral line into several components in the presence of a static magnetic field by the lifting of degeneracy in electronic states. |
ac capacitor | Physics | 1 | A capacitor essentially designed for operation with alternating voltage. |
ac conversion factor | Physics | 1 | For AC conversion, the ratio of the fundamental output power to the fundamental input power. |
ac converter | Physics | 1 | A converter for AC conversion. |
ac filter | Physics | 1 | A filter on the AC side of a converter, designed to reduce the circulation of harmonic currents in the associated system. |
ac voltage converter | Physics | 1 | An AC converter for changing the voltage. |
ac (power) conversion | Physics | 1 | Electronic conversion from AC to AC |
ac/dc (power) conversion | Physics | 1 | Electronic conversion from AC to DC or vice versa. |
ac/dc converter | Physics | 1 | An electronic converter for rectification or inversion or both. |
angle of overlap | Physics | 1 | The commutation interval expressed in angular measure. |
(valve) arm | Physics | 1 | A part of the circuit of a power converter or switch bounded by any two AC or DC terminals and including one or more simultaneously conducting electronic valve devices connected together and other components if any. |
asymmetrical phase control | Physics | 1 | Phase control with different delay angles in the principal arms of a converter connection or commutating group. |
automatic switching on | Physics | 1 | The property of an equipment having a forced characteristic such that the equipment is switched on automatically. |
automatic switching off | Physics | 1 | The property of an equipment having a forced characteristic such that the equipment is switched off automatically. |
auto-sequential commutation | Physics | 1 | A method of capacitor commutation where the next principal arm to conduct in sequence when turned on connects the capacitor supplying the commutating voltage to the foregoing principal arm. |
auxiliary arm | Physics | 1 | Any valve arm other than a principal arm. |
basic converter connection | Physics | 1 | The electrical arrangement of principal arms in a converter. |
boost converter | Physics | 1 | A direct DC converter providing an output voltage which is higher than the input voltage. |
step-up converter | Physics | 1 | A direct DC converter providing an output voltage which is higher than the input voltage. |
boost and buck connection | Physics | 1 | A series connection of two or more converter connections the direct voltages of which may be added or subtracted depending on the control of the individual connections. |
breakdown | Physics | 1 | A failure that permanently deprives an electronic valve device or a valve arm of its property to block voltage. |
breakthrough | Physics | 1 | A failure by which a controllable valve device or an arm consisting of such devices loses its ability to block voltage during the forward blocking interval. |
bridge connection | Physics | 1 | A double-way connection of pairs of arms such that the center terminals are the phase terminals of the AC circuit, and that the outer terminals of like polarity are connected together and are the DC terminals. |
buck converter | Physics | 1 | A direct DC converter providing an output voltage which is lower than the input voltage. |
step-down converter | Physics | 1 | A direct DC converter providing an output voltage which is lower than the input voltage. |
by-pass arm | Physics | 1 | An auxiliary arm providing a conductive path which allows the current to circulate without an interchange of power between source and load. |
capacitor commutation | Physics | 1 | A method of self-commutation in which the commutating voltage is supplied by capacitors included in the commutation circuit. |
capacitor element | Physics | 1 | An indivisible part of a capacitor consisting of two electrodes separated by a dielectric. |
capacitor losses | Physics | 1 | The active power consumed by a capacitor. |
capacitor unit | Physics | 1 | An assembly of one or more capacitor elements in the same container with terminals brought out. |
capacitor bank | Physics | 1 | An assembly of two or more capacitor units, electrically connected to each other. |
capacitor equipment | Physics | 1 | An assembly of capacitor units and their accessories intended for connection to a network. |
circuit angle | Physics | 1 | In a rectifier connection, the phase angle between the peak of the line to neutral voltage on the AC line side and the simultaneous or next peak of the unsmoothed direct voltage at zero current delay angle. |
circuit crest working off-state voltage | Physics | 1 | The highest instantaneous value of the off-state voltage developed across a controllable valve device or an arm consisting of such devices, excluding all repetitive and non-repetitive transients. |
circuit crest working reverse voltage | Physics | 1 | The highest instantaneous value of the reverse voltage developed across a reverse blocking valve device or an arm consisting of such devices, excluding all repetitive and non-repetitive transient voltages. |
circuit non-repetitive peak off-state voltage | Physics | 1 | The highest instantaneous value of any non-repetitive transient off-state voltage developed across a controllable valve device or an arm consisting of such devices. |
circuit non-repetitive peak reverse voltage | Physics | 1 | The highest instantaneous value of any non-repetitive transient reverse voltage developed across a reverse blocking valve device or an arm consisting of such devices. |
circuit repetitive peak off-state voltage | Physics | 1 | The highest instantaneous value of the off-state voltage developed across a controllable valve device or an arm consisting of such devices, including all repetitive transient voltages but excluding all non-repetitive transient voltages. |
circuit repetitive peak reverse voltage | Physics | 1 | The highest instantaneous value of a reverse voltage developed across a reverse blocking valve device or an arm consisting of such devices, including all repetitive transient voltages but excluding all non-repetitive transient voltages. |
circuit reverse blocking interval | Physics | 1 | The interval during which a reverse blocking valve device or an arm consisting of such devices is in the reverse blocking state. |
circuit off-state interval | Physics | 1 | The interval during which a controllable valve device or an arm consisting of such devices is in the off state. |
characteristic | Physics | 1 | A curve showing the relationship between the values of the output voltage and the values of the output current. |
commutating voltage | Physics | 1 | The voltage which causes the current to commutate. |
commutation | Physics | 1 | In a power converter the transfer of current from one conducting arm to the next to conduct in sequence, without interruption of the current, both arms conducting simultaneously during a finite time interval. |
commutation circuit | Physics | 1 | The circuit consisting of the commutating arms and the source providing the commutating voltage. |
commutating group | Physics | 1 | A group of principal arms which commutate cyclically among themselves without intermediate commutation of the current to other principal arms. |
commutation capacitor | Physics | 1 | A capacitor included in the commutation circuit to supply commutating voltage. |
commutation inductance | Physics | 1 | The resulting inductance in the commutation circuit. |
commutation interval | Physics | 1 | The time interval in which commutating arms are carrying principal current simultaneously. |
commutation failure | Physics | 1 | A failure to commutate the current from a conducting arm to the succeeding arm. |
commutation notch | Physics | 1 | A periodic voltage transient that may appear in the AC side voltage of a line or machine commutated converter due to the commutation. |
commutation number | Physics | 1 | The number of commutations from one principal arm to another during one elementary period in each commutating group. |
commutation reactor | Physics | 1 | A reactor included in the commutation circuit to increase the commutation inductance. |
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