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import asyncio
import binascii
import datetime
import enum
import logging
import os
import traceback
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Type, TypeVar
import pylibsrtp
from cryptography import x509
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import ec
from OpenSSL import SSL, crypto
from pyee.asyncio import AsyncIOEventEmitter
from pylibsrtp import Policy, Session
from . import clock, rtp
from .rtcicetransport import RTCIceTransport
from .rtcrtpparameters import RTCRtpReceiveParameters, RTCRtpSendParameters
from .rtp import (
AnyRtcpPacket,
RtcpByePacket,
RtcpPacket,
RtcpPsfbPacket,
RtcpRrPacket,
RtcpRtpfbPacket,
RtcpSrPacket,
RtpPacket,
is_rtcp,
)
from .stats import RTCStatsReport, RTCTransportStats
CERTIFICATE_T = TypeVar("CERTIFICATE_T", bound="RTCCertificate")
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# Mapping of supported `RTCDtlsFingerprint` algorithms to the
# corresponding argument for `x509.digest`.
X509_DIGEST_ALGORITHMS = {
"sha-256": "SHA256",
"sha-384": "SHA384",
"sha-512": "SHA512",
}
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class SRTPProtectionProfile:
libsrtp_profile: int
openssl_profile: bytes
key_length: int
salt_length: int
def get_key_and_salt(self, src: bytes, idx: int) -> bytes:
key_start = idx * self.key_length
salt_start = 2 * self.key_length + idx * self.salt_length
return (
src[key_start : key_start + self.key_length]
+ src[salt_start : salt_start + self.salt_length]
)
SRTP_AEAD_AES_256_GCM = SRTPProtectionProfile(
libsrtp_profile=Policy.SRTP_PROFILE_AEAD_AES_256_GCM,
openssl_profile=b"SRTP_AEAD_AES_256_GCM",
key_length=32,
salt_length=12,
)
SRTP_AEAD_AES_128_GCM = SRTPProtectionProfile(
libsrtp_profile=Policy.SRTP_PROFILE_AEAD_AES_128_GCM,
openssl_profile=b"SRTP_AEAD_AES_128_GCM",
key_length=16,
salt_length=12,
)
SRTP_AES128_CM_SHA1_80 = SRTPProtectionProfile(
libsrtp_profile=Policy.SRTP_PROFILE_AES128_CM_SHA1_80,
openssl_profile=b"SRTP_AES128_CM_SHA1_80",
key_length=16,
salt_length=14,
)
# AES-GCM may not be available depending on how libsrtp2 was built.
SRTP_PROFILES: List[SRTPProtectionProfile] = []
for srtp_profile in [
SRTP_AEAD_AES_256_GCM,
SRTP_AEAD_AES_128_GCM,
SRTP_AES128_CM_SHA1_80,
]:
try:
Policy(srtp_profile=srtp_profile.libsrtp_profile)
except pylibsrtp.Error: # pragma: no cover
pass
else:
SRTP_PROFILES.append(srtp_profile)
def certificate_digest(x509: crypto.X509, algorithm: str) -> str:
return x509.digest(X509_DIGEST_ALGORITHMS[algorithm]).decode("ascii").upper()
def generate_certificate(key: ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey) -> x509.Certificate:
name = x509.Name(
[
x509.NameAttribute(
x509.NameOID.COMMON_NAME,
binascii.hexlify(os.urandom(16)).decode("ascii"),
)
]
)
now = datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.timezone.utc)
builder = (
x509.CertificateBuilder()
.subject_name(name)
.issuer_name(name)
.public_key(key.public_key())
.serial_number(x509.random_serial_number())
.not_valid_before(now - datetime.timedelta(days=1))
.not_valid_after(now + datetime.timedelta(days=30))
)
return builder.sign(key, hashes.SHA256(), default_backend())
class State(enum.Enum):
NEW = 0
CONNECTING = 1
CONNECTED = 2
CLOSED = 3
FAILED = 4
@dataclass
class RTCDtlsFingerprint:
"""
The :class:`RTCDtlsFingerprint` dictionary includes the hash function
algorithm and certificate fingerprint.
"""
algorithm: str
"The hash function name, for instance `'sha-256'`."
value: str
"The fingerprint value."
class RTCCertificate:
"""
The :class:`RTCCertificate` interface enables the certificates used by an
:class:`RTCDtlsTransport`.
To generate a certificate and the corresponding private key use
:func:`generateCertificate`.
"""
def __init__(self, key: crypto.PKey, cert: crypto.X509) -> None:
self._key = key
self._cert = cert
@property
def expires(self) -> datetime.datetime:
"""
The date and time after which the certificate will be considered invalid.
"""
return self._cert.to_cryptography().not_valid_after_utc
def getFingerprints(self) -> List[RTCDtlsFingerprint]:
"""
Returns the list of certificate fingerprints, one of which is computed
with the digest algorithm used in the certificate signature.
"""
return [
RTCDtlsFingerprint(
algorithm=algorithm,
value=certificate_digest(self._cert, algorithm),
)
for algorithm in X509_DIGEST_ALGORITHMS.keys()
]
@classmethod
def generateCertificate(cls: Type[CERTIFICATE_T]) -> CERTIFICATE_T:
"""
Create and return an X.509 certificate and corresponding private key.
:rtype: RTCCertificate
"""
key = ec.generate_private_key(ec.SECP256R1(), default_backend())
cert = generate_certificate(key)
return cls(
key=crypto.PKey.from_cryptography_key(key),
cert=crypto.X509.from_cryptography(cert),
)
def _create_ssl_context(
self, srtp_profiles: List[SRTPProtectionProfile]
) -> SSL.Context:
ctx = SSL.Context(SSL.DTLS_METHOD)
ctx.set_verify(
SSL.VERIFY_PEER | SSL.VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT, lambda *args: True
)
ctx.use_certificate(self._cert)
ctx.use_privatekey(self._key)
ctx.set_cipher_list(
b"ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA"
)
ctx.set_tlsext_use_srtp(b":".join(x.openssl_profile for x in srtp_profiles))
return ctx
@dataclass
class RTCDtlsParameters:
"""
The :class:`RTCDtlsParameters` dictionary includes information relating to
DTLS configuration.
"""
fingerprints: List[RTCDtlsFingerprint] = field(default_factory=list)
"List of :class:`RTCDtlsFingerprint`, one fingerprint for each certificate."
role: str = "auto"
"The DTLS role, with a default of auto."
class RtpRouter:
"""
Router to associate RTP/RTCP packets with streams.
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-mmusic-sdp-bundle-negotiation-53
"""
def __init__(self) -> None:
self.receivers: Set = set()
self.senders: Dict[int, Any] = {}
self.mid_table: Dict[str, Any] = {}
self.ssrc_table: Dict[int, Any] = {}
self.payload_type_table: Dict[int, Set] = {}
def register_receiver(
self,
receiver,
ssrcs: List[int],
payload_types: List[int],
mid: Optional[str] = None,
):
self.receivers.add(receiver)
if mid is not None:
self.mid_table[mid] = receiver
for ssrc in ssrcs:
self.ssrc_table[ssrc] = receiver
for payload_type in payload_types:
if payload_type not in self.payload_type_table:
self.payload_type_table[payload_type] = set()
self.payload_type_table[payload_type].add(receiver)
def register_sender(self, sender, ssrc: int) -> None:
self.senders[ssrc] = sender
def route_rtcp(self, packet: AnyRtcpPacket) -> Set:
recipients = set()
def add_recipient(recipient) -> None:
if recipient is not None:
recipients.add(recipient)
# route to RTP receiver
if isinstance(packet, RtcpSrPacket):
add_recipient(self.ssrc_table.get(packet.ssrc))
elif isinstance(packet, RtcpByePacket):
for source in packet.sources:
add_recipient(self.ssrc_table.get(source))
# route to RTP sender
if isinstance(packet, (RtcpRrPacket, RtcpSrPacket)):
for report in packet.reports:
add_recipient(self.senders.get(report.ssrc))
elif isinstance(packet, (RtcpPsfbPacket, RtcpRtpfbPacket)):
add_recipient(self.senders.get(packet.media_ssrc))
# for REMB packets, media_ssrc is always 0, we need to look into the FCI
if isinstance(packet, RtcpPsfbPacket) and packet.fmt == rtp.RTCP_PSFB_APP:
try:
for ssrc in rtp.unpack_remb_fci(packet.fci)[1]:
add_recipient(self.senders.get(ssrc))
except ValueError:
pass
return recipients
def route_rtp(self, packet: RtpPacket) -> Optional[Any]:
ssrc_receiver = self.ssrc_table.get(packet.ssrc)
pt_receivers = self.payload_type_table.get(packet.payload_type, set())
# the SSRC and payload type are known and match
if ssrc_receiver is not None and ssrc_receiver in pt_receivers:
return ssrc_receiver
# the SSRC is unknown but the payload type matches, update the SSRC table
if ssrc_receiver is None and len(pt_receivers) == 1:
pt_receiver = list(pt_receivers)[0]
self.ssrc_table[packet.ssrc] = pt_receiver
return pt_receiver
# discard the packet
return None
def unregister_receiver(self, receiver) -> None:
self.receivers.discard(receiver)
self.__discard(self.mid_table, receiver)
self.__discard(self.ssrc_table, receiver)
for pt, receivers in self.payload_type_table.items():
receivers.discard(receiver)
def unregister_sender(self, sender) -> None:
self.__discard(self.senders, sender)
def __discard(self, d: Dict, value: Any) -> None:
for k, v in list(d.items()):
if v == value:
d.pop(k)
class RTCDtlsTransport(AsyncIOEventEmitter):
"""
The :class:`RTCDtlsTransport` object includes information relating to
Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) transport.
:param transport: An :class:`RTCIceTransport`.
:param certificates: A list of :class:`RTCCertificate` (only one is allowed
currently).
"""
def __init__(
self, transport: RTCIceTransport, certificates: List[RTCCertificate]
) -> None:
assert len(certificates) == 1
certificate = certificates[0]
super().__init__()
self.encrypted = False
self._data_receiver = None
self._role = "auto"
self._rtp_header_extensions_map = rtp.HeaderExtensionsMap()
self._rtp_router = RtpRouter()
self._state = State.NEW
self._stats_id = "transport_" + str(id(self))
self._task: Optional[asyncio.Future[None]] = None
self._transport = transport
# counters
self.__rx_bytes = 0
self.__rx_packets = 0
self.__tx_bytes = 0
self.__tx_packets = 0
# SRTP
self._rx_srtp: Session = None
self._tx_srtp: Session = None
# SSL
self._srtp_profiles = SRTP_PROFILES
self._ssl: Optional[SSL.Connection] = None
self.__local_certificate = certificate
@property
def state(self) -> str:
"""
The current state of the DTLS transport.
One of `'new'`, `'connecting'`, `'connected'`, `'closed'` or `'failed'`.
"""
return str(self._state)[6:].lower()
@property
def transport(self):
"""
The associated :class:`RTCIceTransport` instance.
"""
return self._transport
def getLocalParameters(self) -> RTCDtlsParameters:
"""
Get the local parameters of the DTLS transport.
:rtype: :class:`RTCDtlsParameters`
"""
return RTCDtlsParameters(
fingerprints=self.__local_certificate.getFingerprints()
)
async def start(self, remoteParameters: RTCDtlsParameters) -> None:
"""
Start DTLS transport negotiation with the parameters of the remote
DTLS transport.
:param remoteParameters: An :class:`RTCDtlsParameters`.
"""
assert self._state == State.NEW
assert len(remoteParameters.fingerprints)
# For WebRTC, the DTLS role is explicitly determined as part of the
# offer / answer exchange.
#
# For ORTC however, we determine the DTLS role based on the ICE role.
if self._role == "auto":
if self.transport.role == "controlling":
self._set_role("server")
else:
self._set_role("client")
# Initialise SSL.
self._ssl = SSL.Connection(
self.__local_certificate._create_ssl_context(
srtp_profiles=self._srtp_profiles
)
)
if self._role == "server":
self._ssl.set_accept_state()
else:
self._ssl.set_connect_state()
self._set_state(State.CONNECTING)
try:
while not self.encrypted:
try:
self._ssl.do_handshake()
except SSL.WantReadError:
await self._write_ssl()
await self._recv_next()
except SSL.Error as exc:
self.__log_debug("x DTLS handshake failed (error %s)", exc)
self._set_state(State.FAILED)
return
else:
self.encrypted = True
except ConnectionError:
self.__log_debug("x DTLS handshake failed (connection error)")
self._set_state(State.FAILED)
return
# Check remote fingerprints. There must be at least one fingerprint
# with a supported algorithm, and all supported fingerprints must
# match.
x509 = self._ssl.get_peer_certificate()
fingerprint_supported = 0
fingerprint_valid = 0
for f in remoteParameters.fingerprints:
algorithm = f.algorithm.lower()
if algorithm in X509_DIGEST_ALGORITHMS:
fingerprint_supported += 1
if f.value.upper() == certificate_digest(x509, algorithm):
fingerprint_valid += 1
if not fingerprint_supported or fingerprint_valid != fingerprint_supported:
self.__log_debug("x DTLS handshake failed (fingerprint mismatch)")
self._set_state(State.FAILED)
return
# generate keying material
openssl_profile = self._ssl.get_selected_srtp_profile()
for srtp_profile in self._srtp_profiles:
if srtp_profile.openssl_profile == openssl_profile:
self.__log_debug(
"x DTLS handshake negotiated %s",
srtp_profile.openssl_profile.decode(),
)
break
else:
self.__log_debug("x DTLS handshake failed (no SRTP profile negotiated)")
self._set_state(State.FAILED)
return
view = self._ssl.export_keying_material(
b"EXTRACTOR-dtls_srtp",
2 * (srtp_profile.key_length + srtp_profile.salt_length),
)
if self._role == "server":
srtp_tx_key = srtp_profile.get_key_and_salt(view, 1)
srtp_rx_key = srtp_profile.get_key_and_salt(view, 0)
else:
srtp_tx_key = srtp_profile.get_key_and_salt(view, 0)
srtp_rx_key = srtp_profile.get_key_and_salt(view, 1)
rx_policy = Policy(
key=srtp_rx_key,
ssrc_type=Policy.SSRC_ANY_INBOUND,
srtp_profile=srtp_profile.libsrtp_profile,
)
rx_policy.allow_repeat_tx = True
rx_policy.window_size = 1024
self._rx_srtp = Session(rx_policy)
tx_policy = Policy(
key=srtp_tx_key,
ssrc_type=Policy.SSRC_ANY_OUTBOUND,
srtp_profile=srtp_profile.libsrtp_profile,
)
tx_policy.allow_repeat_tx = True
tx_policy.window_size = 1024
self._tx_srtp = Session(tx_policy)
# start data pump
self.__log_debug("- DTLS handshake complete")
self._set_state(State.CONNECTED)
self._task = asyncio.ensure_future(self.__run())
async def stop(self) -> None:
"""
Stop and close the DTLS transport.
"""
if self._task is not None:
self._task.cancel()
self._task = None
if self._ssl and self._state in [State.CONNECTING, State.CONNECTED]:
try:
self._ssl.shutdown()
except SSL.Error:
pass
try:
await self._write_ssl()
except ConnectionError:
pass
self.__log_debug("- DTLS shutdown complete")
async def __run(self) -> None:
try:
while True:
await self._recv_next()
except ConnectionError:
for receiver in self._rtp_router.receivers:
receiver._handle_disconnect()
except Exception as exc:
if not isinstance(exc, asyncio.CancelledError):
self.__log_warning(traceback.format_exc())
raise exc
finally:
self._set_state(State.CLOSED)
def _get_stats(self) -> RTCStatsReport:
report = RTCStatsReport()
report.add(
RTCTransportStats(
# RTCStats
timestamp=clock.current_datetime(),
type="transport",
id=self._stats_id,
# RTCTransportStats,
packetsSent=self.__tx_packets,
packetsReceived=self.__rx_packets,
bytesSent=self.__tx_bytes,
bytesReceived=self.__rx_bytes,
iceRole=self.transport.role,
dtlsState=self.state,
)
)
return report
async def _handle_rtcp_data(self, data: bytes) -> None:
try:
packets = RtcpPacket.parse(data)
except ValueError as exc:
self.__log_debug("x RTCP parsing failed: %s", exc)
return
for packet in packets:
# route RTCP packet
for recipient in self._rtp_router.route_rtcp(packet):
await recipient._handle_rtcp_packet(packet)
async def _handle_rtp_data(self, data: bytes, arrival_time_ms: int) -> None:
try:
packet = RtpPacket.parse(data, self._rtp_header_extensions_map)
except ValueError as exc:
self.__log_debug("x RTP parsing failed: %s", exc)
return
# route RTP packet
receiver = self._rtp_router.route_rtp(packet)
if receiver is not None:
await receiver._handle_rtp_packet(packet, arrival_time_ms=arrival_time_ms)
async def _recv_next(self) -> None:
# get timeout
timeout = None
if not self.encrypted:
timeout = self._ssl.DTLSv1_get_timeout()
# receive next datagram
if timeout is not None:
try:
data = await asyncio.wait_for(self.transport._recv(), timeout=timeout)
except asyncio.TimeoutError:
self.__log_debug("x DTLS handling timeout")
self._ssl.DTLSv1_handle_timeout()
await self._write_ssl()
return
else:
data = await self.transport._recv()
self.__rx_bytes += len(data)
self.__rx_packets += 1
first_byte = data[0]
if first_byte > 19 and first_byte < 64:
# DTLS
self._ssl.bio_write(data)
try:
data = self._ssl.recv(1500)
except SSL.ZeroReturnError:
data = None
except SSL.Error:
data = b""
await self._write_ssl()
if data is None:
self.__log_debug("- DTLS shutdown by remote party")
raise ConnectionError
elif data and self._data_receiver:
await self._data_receiver._handle_data(data)
elif first_byte > 127 and first_byte < 192 and self._rx_srtp:
# SRTP / SRTCP
arrival_time_ms = clock.current_ms()
try:
if is_rtcp(data):
data = self._rx_srtp.unprotect_rtcp(data)
await self._handle_rtcp_data(data)
else:
data = self._rx_srtp.unprotect(data)
await self._handle_rtp_data(data, arrival_time_ms=arrival_time_ms)
except pylibsrtp.Error as exc:
self.__log_debug("x SRTP unprotect failed: %s", exc)
def _register_data_receiver(self, receiver) -> None:
assert self._data_receiver is None
self._data_receiver = receiver
def _register_rtp_receiver(
self, receiver, parameters: RTCRtpReceiveParameters
) -> None:
ssrcs = set()
for encoding in parameters.encodings:
ssrcs.add(encoding.ssrc)
self._rtp_header_extensions_map.configure(parameters)
self._rtp_router.register_receiver(
receiver,
ssrcs=list(ssrcs),
payload_types=[codec.payloadType for codec in parameters.codecs],
mid=parameters.muxId,
)
def _register_rtp_sender(self, sender, parameters: RTCRtpSendParameters) -> None:
self._rtp_header_extensions_map.configure(parameters)
self._rtp_router.register_sender(sender, ssrc=sender._ssrc)
async def _send_data(self, data: bytes) -> None:
if self._state != State.CONNECTED:
raise ConnectionError("Cannot send encrypted data, not connected")
self._ssl.send(data)
await self._write_ssl()
async def _send_rtp(self, data: bytes) -> None:
if self._state != State.CONNECTED:
raise ConnectionError("Cannot send encrypted RTP, not connected")
if is_rtcp(data):
data = self._tx_srtp.protect_rtcp(data)
else:
data = self._tx_srtp.protect(data)
await self.transport._send(data)
self.__tx_bytes += len(data)
self.__tx_packets += 1
def _set_role(self, role: str) -> None:
self._role = role
def _set_state(self, state: State) -> None:
if state != self._state:
self.__log_debug("- %s -> %s", self._state, state)
self._state = state
self.emit("statechange")
def _unregister_data_receiver(self, receiver) -> None:
if self._data_receiver == receiver:
self._data_receiver = None
def _unregister_rtp_receiver(self, receiver) -> None:
self._rtp_router.unregister_receiver(receiver)
def _unregister_rtp_sender(self, sender) -> None:
self._rtp_router.unregister_sender(sender)
async def _write_ssl(self) -> None:
"""
Flush outgoing data which OpenSSL put in our BIO to the transport.
"""
try:
data = self._ssl.bio_read(1500)
except SSL.Error:
data = b""
if data:
await self.transport._send(data)
self.__tx_bytes += len(data)
self.__tx_packets += 1
def __log_debug(self, msg: str, *args) -> None:
logger.debug(f"RTCDtlsTransport(%s) {msg}", self._role, *args)
def __log_warning(self, msg: str, *args) -> None:
logger.warning(f"RTCDtlsTransport(%s) {msg}", self._role, *args)
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