import json
import os
import types
from urllib.parse import urlparse

import cv2
import diffusers
import gradio as gr
import numpy as np
import spaces
import torch
from einops import rearrange
from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
from omegaconf import OmegaConf
from PIL import Image, ImageOps
from safetensors.torch import load_file
from torch.nn import functional as F
from torchdiffeq import odeint_adjoint as odeint

from echoflow.common import instantiate_class_from_config, unscale_latents
from echoflow.common.models import (
    ContrastiveModel,
    DiffuserSTDiT,
    ResNet18,
    SegDiTTransformer2DModel,
)

torch.set_grad_enabled(False)

device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
dtype = torch.float32

print(f"Using device: {device}")

# 4f4 latent space
B, T, C, H, W = 1, 64, 4, 28, 28

VIEWS = ["A4C", "PSAX", "PLAX"]


def load_model(path):
    if path.startswith("http"):
        parsed_url = urlparse(path)
        if "huggingface.co" in parsed_url.netloc:
            parts = parsed_url.path.strip("/").split("/")
            repo_id = "/".join(parts[:2])

            subfolder = None
            if len(parts) > 3:
                subfolder = "/".join(parts[4:])

            local_root = "./tmp"
            local_dir = os.path.join(local_root, repo_id.replace("/", "_"))
            if subfolder:
                local_dir = os.path.join(local_root, subfolder)
            os.makedirs(local_root, exist_ok=True)

            config_file = hf_hub_download(
                repo_id=repo_id,
                subfolder=subfolder,
                filename="config.json",
                local_dir=local_root,
                repo_type="model",
                token=os.getenv("READ_HF_TOKEN"),
                local_dir_use_symlinks=False,
            )

            assert os.path.exists(config_file)

            hf_hub_download(
                repo_id=repo_id,
                filename="diffusion_pytorch_model.safetensors",
                subfolder=subfolder,
                local_dir=local_root,
                local_dir_use_symlinks=False,
                token=os.getenv("READ_HF_TOKEN"),
            )

            path = local_dir

    model_root = os.path.join(config_file.split("config.json")[0])
    json_path = os.path.join(model_root, "config.json")
    assert os.path.exists(json_path)

    with open(json_path, "r") as f:
        config = json.load(f)

    klass_name = config["_class_name"]
    klass = getattr(diffusers, klass_name, None) or globals().get(klass_name, None)
    assert (
        klass is not None
    ), f"Could not find class {klass_name} in diffusers or global scope."
    assert hasattr(
        klass, "from_pretrained"
    ), f"Class {klass_name} does not support 'from_pretrained'."

    return klass.from_pretrained(path)


def load_reid(path):
    parsed_url = urlparse(path)
    parts = parsed_url.path.strip("/").split("/")
    repo_id = "/".join(parts[:2])
    subfolder = "/".join(parts[4:])

    local_root = "./tmp"

    config_file = hf_hub_download(
        repo_id=repo_id,
        subfolder=subfolder,
        filename="config.yaml",
        local_dir=local_root,
        repo_type="model",
        token=os.getenv("READ_HF_TOKEN"),
        local_dir_use_symlinks=False,
    )

    weights_file = hf_hub_download(
        repo_id=repo_id,
        subfolder=subfolder,
        filename="backbone.safetensors",
        local_dir=local_root,
        repo_type="model",
        token=os.getenv("READ_HF_TOKEN"),
        local_dir_use_symlinks=False,
    )

    config = OmegaConf.load(config_file)
    backbone = instantiate_class_from_config(config.backbone)
    backbone = ContrastiveModel.patch_backbone(
        backbone, config.model.args.in_channels, config.model.args.out_channels
    )
    state_dict = load_file(weights_file)
    backbone.load_state_dict(state_dict)
    backbone = backbone.to(device, dtype=dtype)
    backbone.eval()
    return backbone


def get_vae_scaler(path):
    scaler = torch.load(path)
    scaler = {k: v.to(device) for k, v in scaler.items()}
    return scaler


# generator = torch.Generator(device=device).manual_seed(0)

lifm = load_model("https://huggingface.co/HReynaud/EchoFlow/tree/main/lifm/FMiT-S2-4f4")
lifm = lifm.to(device, dtype=dtype)
lifm.eval()

vae = load_model("https://huggingface.co/HReynaud/EchoFlow/tree/main/vae/avae-4f4")
vae = vae.to(device, dtype=dtype)
vae.eval()
vae_scaler = get_vae_scaler("assets/scaling.pt")

reid = {
    "anatomies": {
        "A4C": torch.cat(
            [
                torch.load("assets/anatomies_dynamic.pt"),
                torch.load("assets/anatomies_ped_a4c.pt"),
            ],
            dim=0,
        ),
        "PSAX": torch.load("assets/anatomies_ped_psax.pt"),
        "PLAX": torch.load("assets/anatomies_lvh.pt"),
    },
    "models": {
        "A4C": load_reid(
            "https://huggingface.co/HReynaud/EchoFlow/tree/main/reid/dynamic-4f4"
        ),
        "PSAX": load_reid(
            "https://huggingface.co/HReynaud/EchoFlow/tree/main/reid/ped_psax-4f4"
        ),
        "PLAX": load_reid(
            "https://huggingface.co/HReynaud/EchoFlow/tree/main/reid/lvh-4f4"
        ),
    },
    "tau": {
        "A4C": 0.9997,
        "PSAX": 0.9997,
        "PLAX": 0.9997,
    },
}

lvfm = load_model("https://huggingface.co/HReynaud/EchoFlow/tree/main/lvfm/FMvT-S2-4f4")
lvfm = lvfm.to(device, dtype=dtype)
lvfm.eval()


def load_default_mask():
    """Load the default mask from disk. If not found, return a blank black mask."""
    default_mask_path = os.path.join("assets", "default_mask.png")
    try:
        if os.path.exists(default_mask_path):
            mask = Image.open(default_mask_path).convert("L")
            # Ensure the mask is square and of proper size
            mask = mask.resize((400, 400), Image.Resampling.LANCZOS)
            # Make sure it's binary (0 or 255)
            mask = ImageOps.autocontrast(mask, cutoff=0)
            return np.array(mask)
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error loading default mask: {e}")

    # Return a blank black mask if no default mask is found
    return np.zeros((400, 400), dtype=np.uint8)


def preprocess_mask(mask):
    """Ensure mask is properly formatted for the model."""
    if mask is None:
        return np.zeros((112, 112), dtype=np.uint8)

    # Check if mask is an EditorValue with multiple parts
    if isinstance(mask, dict) and "composite" in mask:
        # Use the composite image from the ImageEditor
        mask = mask["composite"]

    # If mask is already a numpy array, convert to PIL for processing
    if isinstance(mask, np.ndarray):
        mask_pil = Image.fromarray(mask)
    else:
        mask_pil = mask

    # Ensure the mask is in L mode (grayscale)
    mask_pil = mask_pil.convert("L")

    # Apply contrast to make it binary (0 or 255)
    mask_pil = ImageOps.autocontrast(mask_pil, cutoff=0)

    # Threshold to ensure binary values
    mask_pil = mask_pil.point(lambda p: 255 if p > 127 else 0)

    # Print sizes for debugging
    # print(f"Original mask size: {mask_pil.size}")

    # Resize to 112x112 for the model
    mask_pil = mask_pil.resize((112, 112), Image.Resampling.LANCZOS)

    # Convert back to numpy array
    return np.array(mask_pil)


@spaces.GPU(duration=3)
@torch.no_grad()
def generate_latent_image(mask, class_selection, sampling_steps=50):
    """Generate a latent image based on mask, class selection, and sampling steps"""

    # Mask
    mask = preprocess_mask(mask)
    mask = torch.from_numpy(mask).to(device, dtype=dtype)
    mask = mask.unsqueeze(0).unsqueeze(0)
    mask = F.interpolate(mask, size=(H, W), mode="bilinear", align_corners=False)
    mask = 1.0 * (mask > 0)

    # print(mask.shape, mask.min(), mask.max(), mask.mean(), mask.std())

    # Class
    class_idx = VIEWS.index(class_selection)
    class_idx = torch.tensor([class_idx], device=device, dtype=torch.long)

    # Timesteps
    timesteps = torch.linspace(
        1.0, 0.0, steps=sampling_steps + 1, device=device, dtype=dtype
    )

    forward_kwargs = {
        "class_labels": class_idx,  # B x 1
        "segmentation": mask,  # B x 1 x H x W
    }

    z_1 = torch.randn(
        (B, C, H, W),
        device=device,
        dtype=dtype,
        # generator=generator,
    )

    lifm.forward_original = lifm.forward

    def new_forward(self, t, y, *args, **kwargs):
        kwargs = {**kwargs, **forward_kwargs}
        return self.forward_original(y, t.view(1), *args, **kwargs).sample

    lifm.forward = types.MethodType(new_forward, lifm)

    # Use odeint to integrate
    with torch.autocast("cuda"):
        latent_image = odeint(
            lifm,
            z_1,
            timesteps,
            atol=1e-5,
            rtol=1e-5,
            adjoint_params=lifm.parameters(),
            method="euler",
        )[-1]

    lifm.forward = lifm.forward_original

    latent_image = latent_image.detach().cpu().numpy()

    # callm VAE here

    return latent_image  # B x C x H x W


@spaces.GPU(duration=3)
@torch.no_grad()
def decode_images(latents):
    """Decode latent representations to pixel space using a VAE.

    Args:
        latents: A numpy array of shape [B, C, H, W] for single image
                or [B, C, T, H, W] for sequences/animations

    Returns:
        numpy array of decoded images in [B, H, W, 3] format for single image
        or [B, C, T, H, W] for sequences
    """
    global vae
    if latents is None:
        return None

    vae = vae.to(device, dtype=dtype)
    vae.eval()

    # Convert to torch tensor if needed
    if not isinstance(latents, torch.Tensor):
        latents = torch.from_numpy(latents).to(device, dtype=dtype)

    # Unscale latents
    latents = unscale_latents(latents, vae_scaler)

    # Handle both single images and sequences
    is_sequence = len(latents.shape) == 5  # B C T H W

    # print("Sequence:", is_sequence)

    if is_sequence:
        B, C, T, H, W = latents.shape
        latents = rearrange(latents[0], "c t h w -> t c h w")
    else:
        B, C, H, W = latents.shape

    # print("Latents:", latents.shape)

    with torch.no_grad():
        # Decode latents to pixel space
        # decode one by one
        decoded = []
        for i in range(latents.shape[0]):
            decoded.append(vae.decode(latents[i : i + 1].float()).sample)
        decoded = torch.cat(decoded, dim=0)

        decoded = (decoded + 1) * 128
        decoded = decoded.clamp(0, 255).to(torch.uint8).cpu()

        if is_sequence:
            # Reshape back to [B, C, T, H, W] for sequences
            decoded = rearrange(decoded, "t c h w -> c t h w").unsqueeze(0)
        else:
            decoded = decoded.squeeze()
            decoded = decoded.permute(1, 2, 0)

    # print("Decoded:", decoded.shape)
    return decoded.numpy()


def decode_latent_to_pixel(latent_image):
    """Decode a single latent image to pixel space"""
    if latent_image is None:
        return None

    # Add batch dimension if needed
    if len(latent_image.shape) == 3:
        latent_image = latent_image[None, ...]

    decoded_image = decode_images(latent_image)
    decoded_image = cv2.resize(
        decoded_image, (400, 400), interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST
    )

    return decoded_image


@spaces.GPU(duration=3)
@torch.no_grad()
def check_privacy(latent_image_numpy, class_selection):
    """Check if the latent image is too similar to database images"""
    latent_image = torch.from_numpy(latent_image_numpy).to(device, dtype=dtype)
    reid_model = reid["models"][class_selection].to(device, dtype=dtype)
    real_anatomies = reid["anatomies"][class_selection]  # already scaled
    tau = reid["tau"][class_selection]

    with torch.no_grad():
        features = reid_model(latent_image).sigmoid().cpu()

    corr = torch.corrcoef(torch.cat([real_anatomies, features], dim=0))[0, 1:]
    corr = corr.max()

    if corr > tau:
        return (
            None,
            f"⚠️ **Warning:** Generated image is too similar to training data. Privacy check failed.",
        )
    else:
        return (
            latent_image_numpy,
            f"✅ **Success:** Generated image passed privacy check.",
        )


@spaces.GPU(duration=3)
@torch.no_grad()
def generate_animation(
    latent_image, ejection_fraction, sampling_steps=50, cfg_scale=1.0
):
    """Generate an animated sequence of latent images based on EF"""
    # print(
    #     f"Generating animation with EF = {ejection_fraction}, steps = {sampling_steps}, CFG = {cfg_scale}"
    # )
    # print(latent_image.shape, type(latent_image))
    print("Generating animation...")

    if latent_image is None:
        return None

    lvefs = torch.tensor([ejection_fraction / 100.0], device=device, dtype=dtype)
    lvefs = lvefs[:, None, None].to(device, dtype)
    uncond_lvefs = -1 * torch.ones_like(lvefs)

    ref_images = torch.from_numpy(latent_image).to(device, dtype)
    ref_images = ref_images[:, :, None, :, :]  # B x C x 1 x H x W
    ref_images = ref_images.repeat(1, 1, T, 1, 1)  # B x C x T x H x W
    uncond_images = torch.zeros_like(ref_images)

    timesteps = torch.linspace(
        1.0, 0.0, steps=sampling_steps + 1, device=device, dtype=dtype
    )

    forward_kwargs = {
        "encoder_hidden_states": lvefs,
        "cond_image": ref_images,
    }

    z_1 = torch.randn(
        (B, C, T, H, W),
        device=device,
        dtype=dtype,
        # generator=generator,
    )

    # print(
    #     z_1.shape,
    #     forward_kwargs["encoder_hidden_states"].shape,
    #     forward_kwargs["cond_image"].shape,
    # )

    lvfm.forward_original = lvfm.forward

    def new_forward(self, t, y, *args, **kwargs):
        kwargs = {**kwargs, **forward_kwargs}
        # y has shape (B, C, T, H, W)

        pred = self.forward_original(y, t.repeat(y.size(0)), *args, **kwargs).sample

        if cfg_scale != 1.0:
            uncond_kwargs = {
                "encoder_hidden_states": uncond_lvefs,
                "cond_image": uncond_images,
            }
            uncond_pred = self.forward_original(
                y, t.repeat(y.size(0)), *args, **uncond_kwargs
            ).sample

            pred = uncond_pred + cfg_scale * (pred - uncond_pred)

        return pred

    lvfm.forward = types.MethodType(new_forward, lvfm)

    with torch.autocast("cuda"):
        synthetic_video = odeint(
            lvfm,
            z_1,
            timesteps,
            atol=1e-5,
            rtol=1e-5,
            adjoint_params=lvfm.parameters(),
            method="euler",
        )[-1]

    lvfm.forward = lvfm.forward_original

    # print("Synthetic video:", synthetic_video.shape)

    print("Animation generated")

    return synthetic_video.detach().cpu()  # B x C x T x H x W


@spaces.GPU(duration=3)
@torch.no_grad()
def decode_animation(latent_animation):
    """Decode a latent animation to pixel space"""
    if latent_animation is None:
        return None

    # Convert to torch tensor if needed
    if not isinstance(latent_animation, torch.Tensor):
        latent_animation = torch.from_numpy(latent_animation)
    latent_animation = latent_animation.to(device, dtype=dtype)

    # Ensure shape is B x C x T x H x W
    if len(latent_animation.shape) == 4:  # [T, C, H, W]
        latent_animation = latent_animation[None, ...]  # Add batch dimension

    # Decode using VAE
    decoded = decode_images(latent_animation)  # Returns B x C x T x H x W numpy array

    # Remove batch dimension and transpose to T x H x W x C
    decoded = np.transpose(decoded[0], (1, 2, 3, 0))  # [T, H, W, C]

    # Resize frames to 400x400
    decoded = np.stack(
        [
            cv2.resize(frame, (400, 400), interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST)
            for frame in decoded
        ]
    )

    # Save to temporary file
    temp_file = "temp_video_2.mp4"
    fps = 32
    fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*"mp4v")
    out = cv2.VideoWriter(temp_file, fourcc, fps, (400, 400))

    # Write frames
    for frame in decoded:
        out.write(frame)
    out.release()

    return temp_file


def convert_latent_to_display(latent_image):
    """Convert multi-channel latent image to grayscale for display"""
    if latent_image is None:
        return None

    # Check shape
    if len(latent_image.shape) == 4:  # [B, C, H, W]
        # Remove batch dimension and average across channels
        display_image = np.squeeze(latent_image, axis=0)  # [C, H, W]
        display_image = np.mean(display_image, axis=0)  # [H, W]
    elif len(latent_image.shape) == 3:  # [C, H, W]
        # Average across channels
        display_image = np.mean(latent_image, axis=0)  # [H, W]
    else:
        display_image = latent_image

    # Normalize to 0-1 range
    display_image = (display_image - display_image.min()) / (
        display_image.max() - display_image.min() + 1e-8
    )

    # Convert to grayscale image
    display_image = (display_image * 255).astype(np.uint8)

    # Resize to a larger size (e.g., 400x400) using bicubic interpolation
    display_image = cv2.resize(
        display_image, (400, 400), interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST
    )

    return display_image


@spaces.GPU(duration=3)
@torch.no_grad()
def latent_animation_to_grayscale(latent_animation):
    """Convert multi-channel latent animation to grayscale for display"""
    if latent_animation is None:
        return None

    # print("Input shape:", latent_animation.shape)

    # Convert to numpy if it's a torch tensor
    if torch.is_tensor(latent_animation):
        latent_animation = latent_animation.detach().cpu().numpy()

    # Handle shape B x C x T x H x W -> T x H x W
    if len(latent_animation.shape) == 5:  # [B, C, T, H, W]
        latent_animation = np.squeeze(latent_animation, axis=0)  # [C, T, H, W]
        latent_animation = np.transpose(latent_animation, (1, 0, 2, 3))  # [T, C, H, W]

    # print("After transpose:", latent_animation.shape)

    # Average across channels
    latent_animation = np.mean(latent_animation, axis=1)  # [T, H, W]

    # print("After channel reduction:", latent_animation.shape)

    # Normalize each frame independently
    min_vals = latent_animation.min(axis=(1, 2), keepdims=True)
    max_vals = latent_animation.max(axis=(1, 2), keepdims=True)
    latent_animation = (latent_animation - min_vals) / (max_vals - min_vals + 1e-8)

    # Convert to uint8
    latent_animation = (latent_animation * 255).astype(np.uint8)

    # print("Before resize:", latent_animation.shape)

    # Resize each frame
    resized_frames = []
    for frame in latent_animation:
        resized = cv2.resize(frame, (400, 400), interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST)
        resized_frames.append(resized)

    # Stack back into video
    grayscale_video = np.stack(resized_frames)

    # print("Final shape:", grayscale_video.shape)

    # Add a dummy channel dimension for grayscale video
    grayscale_video = grayscale_video[..., None].repeat(3, axis=-1)  # Convert to RGB

    # print("Output shape with channels:", grayscale_video.shape)

    # Save to temporary file
    temp_file = "temp_video.mp4"
    fps = 32

    # Create VideoWriter object
    fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*"mp4v")
    out = cv2.VideoWriter(temp_file, fourcc, fps, (400, 400))

    # Write frames
    for frame in grayscale_video:
        out.write(frame)

    out.release()

    return temp_file


# Add function to load view-specific mask
def load_view_mask(view):
    mask_path = f"assets/{view.lower()}_seg.png"
    try:
        mask_image = Image.open(mask_path).convert("L")
        mask_image = mask_image.resize((400, 400), Image.Resampling.LANCZOS)
        # Make it binary (0 or 255)
        mask_image = ImageOps.autocontrast(mask_image, cutoff=0)
        mask_array = np.array(mask_image)

        # Create the editor value structure
        editor_value = {
            "background": np.zeros((400, 400), dtype=np.uint8),  # Black background
            "layers": [mask_array],  # The mask as an editable layer
            "composite": mask_array,  # The composite image
        }
        return editor_value
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error loading mask for view {view}: {e}")
        return None


custom_js = """
<script>
console.log("Hello, world!");
(function() {
    // Poll every 100ms for the existence of the header row
    const intervalId = setInterval(() => {
        console.log("Polling for header row");
        const headerRow = document.querySelector("tr.tr-head");
        if (headerRow) {
            const headers = headerRow.querySelectorAll("th");
            headers.forEach(cell => {
                const text = cell.innerText.trim();
                if (text === "Binary Mask") {
                    cell.innerText = "Mask";
                } else if (text === "View Class") {
                    cell.innerText = "View";
                } else if (text === "Number of Sampling Steps") {
                    cell.innerText = "Img Samp. Steps";
                } else if (text === "Ejection Fraction (%)") {
                    cell.innerText = "EF %";
                } else if (text === "Number of Sampling Steps.") {
                    cell.innerText = "Video Samp. Steps";
                } else if (text === "Classifier-Free Guidance Scale") {
                    cell.innerText = "CFG";
                } else if (text === "Filtered Latent Image") {
                    cell.innerText = "Filtered Image";
                }
            });
            clearInterval(intervalId);
            console.log("Headers updated.");
        }
    }, 500);
})();
</script>
"""


def create_demo():

    black_background = np.zeros((400, 400), dtype=np.uint8)

    # Load the default mask image if it exists
    try:
        mask_image = Image.open("assets/a4c_seg.png").convert("L")
        mask_image = mask_image.resize((400, 400), Image.Resampling.LANCZOS)
        # Make it binary (0 or 255)
        mask_image = ImageOps.autocontrast(mask_image, cutoff=0)
        mask_image = mask_image.point(lambda p: 255 if p > 127 else 0)
        mask_array = np.array(mask_image)

        # Create the editor value structure
        editor_value = {
            "background": black_background,  # Black background
            "layers": [mask_array],  # The mask as an editable layer
            "composite": mask_array,  # The composite image (what's displayed)
        }
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error loading mask image: {e}")
        # Fall back to empty canvas
        editor_value = black_background

    # Define all components first
    mask_input = gr.ImageEditor(
        label="Binary Mask",
        height=400,
        width=400,
        image_mode="L",
        value=editor_value,
        type="numpy",
        brush=gr.Brush(
            colors=["#ffffff"],
            color_mode="fixed",
            default_size=20,
            default_color="#ffffff",
        ),
        eraser=gr.Eraser(default_size=20),
        show_download_button=True,
        sources=[],
        canvas_size=(400, 400),
        fixed_canvas=True,
        layers=False,
        render=False,
    )

    class_selection = gr.Radio(
        choices=["A4C", "PSAX", "PLAX"],
        label="View Class",
        value="A4C",
        render=False,
    )

    sampling_steps = gr.Slider(
        minimum=1,
        maximum=200,
        value=100,
        step=1,
        label="Number of Sampling Steps",
        render=False,
    )

    ef_slider = gr.Slider(
        minimum=0,
        maximum=100,
        value=65,
        label="Ejection Fraction (%)",
        render=False,
    )

    animation_steps = gr.Slider(
        minimum=1,
        maximum=200,
        value=100,
        step=1,
        label="Number of Sampling Steps.",
        render=False,
    )

    cfg_slider = gr.Slider(
        minimum=0,
        maximum=10,
        value=1,
        step=1,
        label="Classifier-Free Guidance Scale",
        render=False,
    )

    latent_image_display = gr.Image(
        label="Latent Image",
        type="numpy",
        height=400,
        width=400,
        render=False,
    )

    decoded_image_display = gr.Image(
        label="Decoded Image",
        type="numpy",
        height=400,
        width=400,
        render=False,
    )

    privacy_status = gr.Markdown(render=False)

    filtered_latent_display = gr.Image(
        label="Filtered Latent Image",
        type="numpy",
        height=400,
        width=400,
        render=False,
    )

    latent_animation_display = gr.Video(
        label="Latent Video",
        format="mp4",
        render=False,
        autoplay=True,
        loop=True,
    )

    decoded_animation_display = gr.Video(
        label="Decoded Video",
        format="mp4",
        render=False,
        autoplay=True,
        loop=True,
    )

    # Define the theme and layout
    with gr.Blocks(theme=gr.themes.Soft(), head=custom_js) as demo:
        gr.Markdown(
            "# EchoFlow: A Foundation Model for Cardiac Ultrasound Image and Video Generation"
        )
        gr.Markdown("## Preprint: https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.22357")
        gr.Markdown("## Dataset Generation Pipeline")

        gr.Markdown(
            """
        This demo showcases EchoFlow's ability to generate synthetic echocardiogram images and videos while preserving patient privacy. The pipeline consists of four main steps:
        
        1. **Latent Image Generation**: Draw a mask to indicate the region where the Left Ventricle should appear. Select the desired cardiac view, and click "Generate Latent Image". This outputs a latent image, which can be decoded into a pixel space image by clicking "Decode to Pixel Space".
        2. **Privacy Filter**: When clicking "Run Privacy Check", the generated image will be checked against a database of all training anatomies to ensure it is sufficiently different from real patient data.
        3. **Latent Video Generation**: If the privacy check passes, the latent image can be animated into a video with the desired Ejection Fraction.
        4. **Video Decoding**: The video can be decoded back to pixel space by clicking "Decode Video".
        
        ### ⚙️ Parameters
        - **Sampling Steps**: Higher values produce better quality but take longer
        - **Ejection Fraction**: Controls the strength of heart contraction in the animation
        - **CFG Scale**: Controls how closely the animation follows the specified conditions
        """
        )

        def load_example(
            mask,
            view,
            steps,
            ef,
            anim_steps,
            cfg,
            latent,
            decoded,
            status,
            filtered,
            latent_vid,
            decoded_vid,
        ):
            # This function will be called when an example is clicked
            # It returns all values in order they should be loaded into components
            return [
                mask,
                view,
                steps,
                ef,
                anim_steps,
                cfg,
                latent,
                decoded,
                status,
                filtered,
                latent_vid,
                decoded_vid,
            ]

        # Add examples using the components
        examples = gr.Examples(
            examples=[
                # Example 1: A4C view
                [
                    # Inputs
                    {
                        "background": np.zeros((400, 400), dtype=np.uint8),
                        "layers": [
                            np.array(
                                Image.open("assets/a4c_seg.png")
                                .convert("L")
                                .resize((400, 400))
                            )
                        ],
                        "composite": np.array(
                            Image.open("assets/a4c_seg.png")
                            .convert("L")
                            .resize((400, 400))
                        ),
                    },
                    "A4C",  # view
                    100,  # sampling steps
                    65,  # EF slider
                    100,  # animation steps
                    1.0,  # cfg scale
                    # Pre-computed outputs
                    Image.open("assets/examples/a4c_latent.png"),  # latent image
                    Image.open("assets/examples/a4c_decoded.png"),  # decoded image
                    "✅ **Success:** Generated image passed privacy check.",  # privacy status
                    Image.open("assets/examples/a4c_filtered.png"),  # filtered latent
                    "assets/examples/a4c_latent.mp4",  # latent animation
                    "assets/examples/a4c_decoded.mp4",  # decoded animation
                ],
                # Example 2: PSAX view
                [
                    # Inputs
                    {
                        "background": np.zeros((400, 400), dtype=np.uint8),
                        "layers": [
                            np.array(
                                Image.open("assets/psax_seg.png")
                                .convert("L")
                                .resize((400, 400))
                            )
                        ],
                        "composite": np.array(
                            Image.open("assets/psax_seg.png")
                            .convert("L")
                            .resize((400, 400))
                        ),
                    },
                    "PSAX",  # view
                    100,  # sampling steps
                    65,  # EF slider
                    100,  # animation steps
                    1.0,  # cfg scale
                    # Pre-computed outputs
                    Image.open("assets/examples/psax_latent.png"),  # latent image
                    Image.open("assets/examples/psax_decoded.png"),  # decoded image
                    "✅ **Success:** Generated image passed privacy check.",  # privacy status
                    Image.open("assets/examples/psax_filtered.png"),  # filtered latent
                    "assets/examples/psax_latent.mp4",  # latent animation
                    "assets/examples/psax_decoded.mp4",  # decoded animation
                ],
                # Example 3: PLAX view
                [
                    # Inputs
                    {
                        "background": np.zeros((400, 400), dtype=np.uint8),
                        "layers": [
                            np.array(
                                Image.open("assets/plax_seg.png")
                                .convert("L")
                                .resize((400, 400))
                            )
                        ],
                        "composite": np.array(
                            Image.open("assets/plax_seg.png")
                            .convert("L")
                            .resize((400, 400))
                        ),
                    },
                    "PLAX",  # view
                    100,  # sampling steps
                    65,  # EF slider
                    100,  # animation steps
                    1.0,  # cfg scale
                    # Pre-computed outputs
                    Image.open("assets/examples/plax_latent.png"),  # latent image
                    Image.open("assets/examples/plax_decoded.png"),  # decoded image
                    "✅ **Success:** Generated image passed privacy check.",  # privacy status
                    Image.open("assets/examples/plax_filtered.png"),  # filtered latent
                    "assets/examples/plax_latent.mp4",  # latent animation
                    "assets/examples/plax_decoded.mp4",  # decoded animation
                ],
            ],
            inputs=[
                mask_input,
                class_selection,
                sampling_steps,
                ef_slider,
                animation_steps,
                cfg_slider,
                latent_image_display,
                decoded_image_display,
                privacy_status,
                filtered_latent_display,
                latent_animation_display,
                decoded_animation_display,
            ],
            fn=load_example,
            label="Click on an example to see the results immediately.",
            examples_per_page=3,
        )

        # Main container with 4 columns
        with gr.Row():
            # Column 1: Latent Image Generation
            with gr.Column():
                gr.Markdown(
                    '<img src="https://huggingface.co/spaces/HReynaud/EchoFlow/resolve/main/assets/h1.png" style="width: 100%; height: 75px; object-fit: contain;">'
                )
                gr.Markdown("### Latent Image Generation")

                with gr.Row():
                    # Input mask (binary image)
                    with gr.Column(scale=1):
                        gr.Markdown("Draw the LV mask (white = region of interest)")
                        # Create a black background for the canvas
                        black_background = np.zeros((400, 400), dtype=np.uint8)

                        # Load the default mask image if it exists
                        try:
                            mask_image = Image.open("assets/a4c_seg.png").convert("L")
                            mask_image = mask_image.resize(
                                (400, 400), Image.Resampling.LANCZOS
                            )
                            # Make it binary (0 or 255)
                            mask_image = ImageOps.autocontrast(mask_image, cutoff=0)
                            mask_image = mask_image.point(
                                lambda p: 255 if p > 127 else 0
                            )
                            mask_array = np.array(mask_image)

                            # Create the editor value structure
                            editor_value = {
                                "background": black_background,  # Black background
                                "layers": [mask_array],  # The mask as an editable layer
                                "composite": mask_array,  # The composite image (what's displayed)
                            }
                        except Exception as e:
                            print(f"Error loading mask image: {e}")
                            # Fall back to empty canvas
                            editor_value = black_background

                        # mask_input.value = editor_value
                        mask_input.render()
                        class_selection.render()
                        sampling_steps.render()

                # Generate button
                generate_btn = gr.Button("Generate Latent Image", variant="primary")

                # Display area for latent image (grayscale visualization)
                latent_image_display.render()

                # Decode button (initially disabled)
                decode_btn = gr.Button(
                    "Decode to Pixel Space (Optional)",
                    interactive=False,
                    variant="primary",
                )

                # Display area for decoded image
                decoded_image_display.render()

            # Column 2: Privacy Filter
            with gr.Column():
                gr.Markdown(
                    '<img src="https://huggingface.co/spaces/HReynaud/EchoFlow/resolve/main/assets/h2.png" style="width: 100%; height: 75px; object-fit: contain;">'
                )
                gr.Markdown("### Privacy Filter")
                gr.Markdown(
                    "Checks if the generated image is too similar to training data"
                )

                # Privacy check button
                privacy_btn = gr.Button(
                    "Run Privacy Check", interactive=False, variant="primary"
                )

                # Display area for privacy result status
                privacy_status.render()

                # Display area for privacy-filtered latent image
                filtered_latent_display.render()

            # Column 3: Animation
            with gr.Column():
                gr.Markdown(
                    '<img src="https://huggingface.co/spaces/HReynaud/EchoFlow/resolve/main/assets/h3.png" style="width: 100%; height: 75px; object-fit: contain;">'
                )
                gr.Markdown("### Latent Video Generation")

                # Ejection Fraction slider
                ef_slider.render()
                animation_steps.render()
                cfg_slider.render()

                # Animate button
                animate_btn = gr.Button(
                    "Generate Video", interactive=False, variant="primary"
                )

                # Display area for latent animation (grayscale)
                latent_animation_display.render()

            # Column 4: Video Decoding
            with gr.Column():
                gr.Markdown(
                    '<img src="https://huggingface.co/spaces/HReynaud/EchoFlow/resolve/main/assets/h4.png" style="width: 100%; height: 75px; object-fit: contain;">'
                )
                gr.Markdown("### Video Decoding")

                # Decode animation button
                decode_animation_btn = gr.Button(
                    "Decode Video", interactive=False, variant="primary"
                )

                # Display area for decoded animation
                decoded_animation_display.render()

        # Hidden state variables to store the full latent representations
        latent_image_state = gr.State(None)
        filtered_latent_state = gr.State(None)
        latent_animation_state = gr.State(None)

        # Event handlers
        class_selection.change(
            fn=load_view_mask,
            inputs=[class_selection],
            outputs=[mask_input],
            queue=False,
        )

        generate_btn.click(
            fn=generate_latent_image,
            inputs=[mask_input, class_selection, sampling_steps],
            outputs=[latent_image_state],
            queue=True,
        ).then(
            fn=convert_latent_to_display,
            inputs=[latent_image_state],
            outputs=[latent_image_display],
            queue=False,
        ).then(
            fn=lambda x: gr.Button(
                interactive=x is not None
            ),  # Properly update button state
            inputs=[latent_image_state],
            outputs=[decode_btn],
            queue=False,
        ).then(
            fn=lambda x: gr.Button(
                interactive=x is not None
            ),  # Properly update button state
            inputs=[latent_image_state],
            outputs=[privacy_btn],
            queue=False,
        )

        decode_btn.click(
            fn=decode_latent_to_pixel,
            inputs=[latent_image_state],
            outputs=[decoded_image_display],
            queue=True,
        ).then(
            fn=lambda x: gr.Button(
                interactive=x is not None
            ),  # Properly update button state
            inputs=[decoded_image_display],
            outputs=[privacy_btn],
            queue=False,
        )

        privacy_btn.click(
            fn=check_privacy,
            inputs=[latent_image_state, class_selection],
            outputs=[filtered_latent_state, privacy_status],
            queue=True,
        ).then(
            fn=convert_latent_to_display,
            inputs=[filtered_latent_state],
            outputs=[filtered_latent_display],
            queue=False,
        ).then(
            fn=lambda x: gr.Button(
                interactive=x is not None
            ),  # Properly update button state
            inputs=[filtered_latent_state],
            outputs=[animate_btn],
            queue=False,
        )

        animate_btn.click(
            fn=generate_animation,
            inputs=[filtered_latent_state, ef_slider, animation_steps, cfg_slider],
            outputs=[latent_animation_state],
            queue=True,
        ).then(
            fn=latent_animation_to_grayscale,
            inputs=[latent_animation_state],
            outputs=[latent_animation_display],
            queue=False,
        ).then(
            fn=lambda x: gr.Button(
                interactive=x is not None
            ),  # Properly update button state
            inputs=[latent_animation_state],
            outputs=[decode_animation_btn],
            queue=False,
        )

        decode_animation_btn.click(
            fn=decode_animation,
            inputs=[latent_animation_state],  # Remove vae_state from inputs
            outputs=[decoded_animation_display],
            queue=True,
        )

    return demo


if __name__ == "__main__":
    demo = create_demo()
    demo.launch()