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2,633 | After repeated verification, Xiao Li, the quality inspector, reported to the factory director: the products produced in the 726 workshop are all qualified, so the unqualified products are not produced in the 726 workshop. | All truths are not afraid of criticism, so it is not the truth that is afraid of criticism is most similar to Xiao Li's reasoning structure. | entailment |
2,253 | Code-switching: the use of more than one language or dialect to communicate in the same conversation. | At an international academic conference, Professor Chen gave a presentation in English with a strong Sichuan accent, which was barely understood by most of the foreign scholars attending the conference does not belong to code-switching. | entailment |
5,340 | A hypothesis is a hypothetical explanation of the universal regularity and causality of unknown things based on known scientific principles and certain factual materials. | The statement 'The gradual warming of the world's climate is a factor of the atmosphere, a factor of the ocean, or a factor of the earth's interior' is not a hypothesis. | not-entailment |
6,283 | American researchers have preliminarily confirmed that broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables are rich in compounds called cyanogen isosulfate(ITC), which can preferentially kill the mutant P53 gene and leave the P53 gene. The protein composed of P53 genes can help prevent the growth of cancer cells, but once the P53 gene is mutated, there will not be protection. And the mutated P53 gene is related to almost half of human cancers. | The reason why broccoli can prevent cancer is because it contains substances that can eliminate the mutant P53 gene and retain the normal P53 gene. | entailment |
8,760 | Crimes involving the use of guns are more likely to lead to homicides than other types of crimes, but most crimes involving the use of guns do not lead to homicides.Therefore, it is not necessary to distinguish the illegal use of guns as a serious criminal offence from other criminal offences in criminal law. | The statement 'Promiscuous sex is more likely to be infected with AIDS than regular sex. However, only a small proportion of people who have promiscuous sex are infected with AIDS. Therefore, there is no need to emphasize the harm of promiscuous sex in the publicity of AIDS prevention' is the most similar to the logical loopholes in the above argument. | entailment |
11,800 | Along the mudflats of Garantia exist two types of annelids: earthworms and lugworms. Earthworms tend to emerge from the mud early in the morning when there is more moisture and nutrients. As a result, earthworms have access to more nutrients and thus reproduce far faster than the lugworm, which spends much of the day submerged in the mud. Nonetheless, the lugworm population far outnumbers that of the earthworm. | The statement 'Lugworms have specialized taste receptors, which allow them to access nutrients below ground far more easily than earthworms can' helps LEAST to resolve the apparent discrepancy noted above. | not-entailment |
8,078 | Synomone is a biologically released information chemical that can cause other receiving organisms to produce a response that is beneficial to both the releaser and the recipient. | After being attacked by Macrosiphum avenae, wheat releases methyl salicylate, which can attract heterochromatic lady beetle, the natural enemy of Macrosiphum avenae is related to synomone according to the above definition. | entailment |
11,997 | Consumer advocate: Businesses are typically motivated primarily by the desire to make as great a profit as possible, and advertising helps businesses to achieve this goal. But it is clear that the motive of maximizing profits does not impel businesses to present accurate information in their advertisements. It follows that consumers should be skeptical of the claims made in advertisements. | The statement 'Those who create advertisements are less concerned with the accuracy than with the creativity of advertisements' does not strengthen the consumer advocate's argument. | not-entailment |
1,328 | When it comes to the impact of ocean acidification, the treasure crab with a fishery value of about 2.20 dollars per year may be impacted by the reduction of its own food source and will face a strong downturn in the next 50 years. However, pteropods, copepods and small marine organisms with shells vulnerable to acidification may experience a slight decline because they are rich enough to withstand most of the impact. At the same time, marine mammals and seabirds are less affected by ocean acidification. | Ocean acidification affects the development of marine life can be inferred from the above words. | not-entailment |
5,911 | Artificial intelligence can imitate human intelligence and behavior, perceive the environment and make decisions and plans in a complex and changeable unknown environment, so as to actively perform tasks or complete set goals. | The robot dog newly developed by Sony Corporation of Japan can identify men and women according to the characteristics of people's clothes and appearance, and greet different people with Hello, Mr. and Hello, Miss belongs to the category of artificial intelligence according to the definition. | entailment |
6,343 | Since the Americas Summit was held in Miami in December last year, Latin American countries have accelerated the pace of establishing free trade zones, and the integration process has entered a new period. | The integration of Latin America is formed cannot be reflected. | entailment |
1,123 | It is reported that a mature female rat reproduces once in about 20 days. A small litter can give birth to six or seven small mice, and as many as a dozen small mice. And a little mouse can reach sexual maturity and reproductive ability at 1.5 to 2.5 months. Interestingly, scientists discovered that mice have a family planning function. When the total number of rats in an area is large, the rats will slow down their frequency of reproduction, and when there are fewer rats or people are mass extermination of rats, they will speed up reproduction and make the rats multiply rapidly. | The main point of this passage is that there is self-regulation of the number of births in mice. | entailment |
1,389 | All-optical communication is a new optical wave communication without any photoelectric conversion. In all-optical communication system, image and voice information are directly converted into optical signals and transmitted in transmission media. In the all-optical communication system composed of camera optical system, optical fiber system and receiving optical amplification system, there is no photoelectric conversion, so there is no electronic component, the signal distortion is small, and it can work continuously in the high temperature environment above 100 degree. It is an ideal way of communication. | The information medium of all-optical communication system is light wave does not fit into this paragraph. | not-entailment |
2,680 | Zhang Li, a single white-collar worker, has accumulated a deposit after five years of work. As the amount of the deposit is not enough to buy a house, consider temporarily diversifying it into stocks, gold, funds, treasury bonds and foreign exchange. The investment of the deposit needs to meet the following conditions: (1) if the investment ratio of gold is higher than 1/2, the rest will be invested in treasury bonds and stocks; (2) if the investment ratio of stocks is less than 1/3, then the rest cannot be invested in foreign exchange or treasury bonds; (3) if the proportion of foreign exchange investment is less than 1/4, the rest will be invested in funds or gold; (4) the investment ratio of treasury bonds can not be less than 1/6. | The proportion of stock investment is not less than 1 / 4 can be derived based on the above information. | entailment |
13,637 | Art historian: Great works of art have often elicited outrage when first presented; in Europe, Stravinsky' s Rite of Spring prompted a riot, and Manet' s Dejeuner sur 1' herbe elicited outrage and derision. So, since it is clear that art is often shocking, we should not hesitate to use public funds to support works of art that many people find shocking. | Art used to be more shocking than it currently is is an assumption that the art historian's argument requires in order for its conclusion to be properly drawn. | not-entailment |
3,415 | Only one person can win the first place in a university essay contest. Who won the first prize? In their ranking predictions for the six contestants, A, B, C, D, E and F, the four made the following prediction: A: either I or B will win the first place. B: first place goes to either A or C. C: If E doesn't come first, F must have come first. D: First Place will never be A. After the game, only one person was found to be right. | D is the first. | entailment |
7,772 | Because the suspect sells the fake medicine to the pharmacy, the coverage is very wide and the social harm is extremely big. In particular, first-aid drugs such as heart-saving pills, once patients make fake drugs in river, the consequences are unimaginable. An investigation by a public security bureau found that those fake drugs not only have high manufacturing technology and packaging level, but also are popular well-known brands in the current market. The sales volume is astonishing and the purchase price is close to the production cost. | It can be inferred that there must be a fake pharmaceutical factory and distribution network with a huge production capacity. | entailment |
5,464 | Network neutrality means that within the scope permitted by law, all Internet users can access network content, operate applications, access equipment and select service providers according to their own choices. This principle requires network operators to treat all Internet content and access equally, prevent them from controlling the priority of transmission data from commercial interests and ensure the neutrality of network data transmission. | According to the above definition, the statement 'A network operator collects broadband usage fees from network users' violates the principle of network neutrality. | not-entailment |
11,446 | Plant species differ in that renewed growth in spring can be triggered by day length or by temperature or else by a combination of both. Day length is the same, year after year, for any given date. Ttherefore, any plant species that starts to grow again on widely different dates in different years resumes growth at least in part in response to temperature. | The argument that if on any particular day store management has decided that three detectives will be needed, it must be because business that day is expected to be heavy is most similar in its pattern of reasoning to the argument above. | not-entailment |
10,576 | Firms adopting profit-related-pay (PRP) contracts pay wages at levels that vary with the firm' s profits. In the metalworking industry last year, firms with PRP contracts in place showed productivity per worker on average 13 percent higher than that of their competitors who used more traditional contracts. | Many firms in the metalworking industry have modernized production equipment in the last five years, and most of these introduced PRP contracts at the same time, which would most seriously weaken the argument that PRP contracts increase worker productivity. | entailment |
863 | American economist Malthus proposed: The trend of population growth is always faster than the growth of production. If it is not controlled, the population will always grow in a geometric progression, while the means of subsistence can only grow in arithmetic progression.When the population expands to the limit where the means of subsistence can only survive, hunger, war and disease will appear. | Population growth is the direct cause of all wars and diseases can be inferred. Please note that this statement is not necessarily true. It is important to consider all available evidence and to consider the limitations and potential biases of any argument before making a conclusion. | not-entailment |
11,419 | Baking for winter holidays is a tradition that may have a sound medical basis. In midwinter, when days are short, many people suffer from a specific type of seasonal depression caused by lack of sunlight. Carbohydrates, both sugars and starches, boost the brain' s levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that improves the mood. In this respect, carbohydrates act on the brain in the same way as some antidepressants. Thus, eating holiday cookies may provide an effective form of self-prescribed medication. | Lack of sunlight lowers the level of serotonin in the brain can be properly inferred from the passage. | not-entailment |
543 | The threshold effect refers to the phenomenon of putting forward a small request before putting forward a larger request, so as to increase the possibility of others accepting a larger request. | According to the above definition, the threshold effect belongs to the scenario where a survey shows that 48% of urban residents are willing to donate to save endangered species. If people are asked to sign the petition for saving endangered species (almost everyone will agree to sign) and then ask them to donate, the number of people willing to donate will increase by 20%. | entailment |
12,585 | The percentage of households with an annual income of more than $40, 000 is higher in Merton county than in any other county. However, the percentage of households with an annual income of $60, 000 or more is highest in Sommer county. | The number of households with an annual income of more than $40,000 is greater in Merton than in Sommer county can properly be concluded on the basis of the statements above. | not-entailment |
512 | Organizational identity refers to the consistency between organizational members and the organization they join in terms of behavior or concept. They feel that they have not only a rational sense of contract and responsibility, but also an irrational sense of belonging and dependence in the organization, as well as the result of doing their best to organizational activities on this psychological basis. | According to the above definition, "I will consciously maintain the good image of the company all the time" does not belong to organizational identity. | not-entailment |
5,900 | A certain country's economy is dominated by agriculture. In 2001, it suffered a severe drought that was unprecedented in a century. International organizations called on the people of all countries to extend a helping hand to the country. | The country's agricultural productivity is low can be inferred. | not-entailment |
10,433 | One study showed that eating celery could help curb aggressive emotions. 151 women were surveyed. Of the women who said they ate celery regularly, 95 percent said they were rarely aggressive or outright provoked. Of the women who didn't eat celery regularly, 53 percent said they were often anxious, angry, and aggressive. | Celery has the effects of calming the liver and clearing heat, eliminating vexation and swelling, detoxifying and promoting the lungs, strengthening the stomach and blood, lowering blood pressure, and strengthening the brain and calming weakens the above conclusion, except. | entailment |
8,981 | The problem faced by a developing country is that in order to maintain its economic development, we must constantly strengthen the competitiveness of domestic enterprises; in order to maintain social stability, we must constantly establish and improve social security systems such as old-age pension, medical care, unemployment and so on. In order to establish and improve the social security system, enterprises need to pay a certain proportion of social insurance premiums for their employees every year. If the enterprise pays such a proportion of social insurance premiums for its employees every year, it will reduce the competitiveness of the enterprise. | The conclusion that the country can either maintain its economic development or maintain its social stability can be deduced from the above statement. | not-entailment |
14,235 | Critics have argued that because Freudianism holds that people have unconscious desires that can defeat their attempts to follow rational life plans, it is incompatible with the predominantly rationalistic spirit of Western philosophical and psychological thought. But it is a central tenet of Freudianism that through psychoanalysis one can become conscious of one' s previously unconscious desires, enabling one to avoid being defeated by them. Ttherefore, __. | Freudianism reflects the predominantly rationalistic spirit of Western philosophical and psychological thought more than any other psychological theory most logically completes the argument. | not-entailment |
10,033 | An authoritative opinion poll conducted an investigation into the causes of the 9/11 terrorist attacks around the world and found that 40% thought it was caused by the unfair foreign policy of the United States, 55% thought it was caused by the conflict between Islamic civilization and Western civilization, 23% thought it was caused by the evil nature of terrorists, and 19% did not express their opinions. | The statement 'Many respondents believe that the causes of the 9/11 terrorist attacks are not single, but complex' is the most reasonable explanation for the apparent contradiction in the above statements. | entailment |
10,334 | People with depression have a strong suicidal tendency, and many people think that depression is a mental illness. In the middle of the 20th century, medical research found that the concentration of three neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine) in the brain of depressed suicides is lower than that of normal people. Medical scientists speculate that it is the imbalance in the concentration of these three neurotransmitters that leads to depression. | The statement that drugs developed to maintain the concentration balance of the three neurotransmitters are effective in the treatment of depression gives the strongest support to the conclusions of the medical scientists. | entailment |
12,605 | The goblin fern, which requires a thick layer of leaf litter on the forest floor, is disappearing from North American forests. In spots where it has recently vanished, the leaf litter is unusually thin and, unlike those places where this fern still thrives, is teeming with the European earthworm Lumbricus rubellus, which eats leaf litter. L. rubellus is thus probably responsible for the fern' s disappearance. | L. rubellus does not favor habitats where the leaf litter layer is considerably thinner than what is required by goblin ferns is an assumption on which the argument depends. | entailment |
8,506 | A psychological study found that people from the lowest economic brackets had the highest rates of metabolic syndrome in middle age, regardless of how successful they were. The study also found that although metabolic syndrome was associated with childhood living conditions, those in this group with a loving mother were less likely to develop the syndrome. The reason is that loving mothers are compassionate, tell their children how to deal with stress and encourage them to eat healthy and live a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, we can actually design a program that guides mothers in teaching their children how to cope with stress, live healthy lives, and take control of their destiny. | The statement 'Because the father does not teach the child to maintain a good lifestyle, the father has no effect on the child's health' can be inferred from the information provided. | not-entailment |
11,490 | A research study revealed that, in most cases, once existing highways near urban areas are widened and extended in an attempt to reduce traffic congestion and resulting delays for motorists, these problems actually increase rather than decrease. | The statement 'Widened and extended roads tend to attract many more motorists than used them before their improvement' most helps to explain the discrepancy between the intended results of the highway improvements and the results revealed in the study. | entailment |
11,311 | Columnist: Taking a strong position on an issue makes one likely to misinterpret or ignore additional evidence that conflicts with one' s stand. But in order to understand an issue fully, it is essential to consider such evidence impartially. Thus, it is best not to take a strong position on an issue unless one has already considered all important evidence conflicting with that position. | The principle that it is reasonable to take a strong position on an issue if one fully understands the issue and has considered the evidence regarding that issue impartially is the one that the columnist's reasoning most closely conforms to. | not-entailment |
10,555 | Homesteads in rural my country are collectively owned and can only be used by farmers and cannot be bought, sold, leased or inherited. The homestead system guarantees the survival rights of farmers. The houses built by the farmers on the homestead are the assets of the farmers. If farmers are allowed to sell their houses, they are actually allowed to sell the right to use the homestead. If the right to use the homestead is bought by someone else, it will damage the survival rights of farmers. But if farmers are not allowed to sell their houses, it will infringe on farmers' asset rights. | For the vast majority of migrant workers, the homestead and responsible land in their rural hometown is their last guarantee of survival, if the above statements are true. | not-entailment |
12,585 | The percentage of households with an annual income of more than $40, 000 is higher in Merton county than in any other county. However, the percentage of households with an annual income of $60, 000 or more is highest in Sommer county. | Some households in Merton county have an annual income between $40,000 and $60,000 can properly be concluded on the basis of the statements above if they are true. | entailment |
9,366 | The arithmetic mean describes the average trend of a set of data and is the sum of all data divided by the number of data. When used in statistics, it should be noted that the arithmetic mean cannot be calculated when extreme values, ambiguous data or data of different qualities are present. | The calculation of the average number of left-behind children in the districts and counties of a city is suitable for calculating the arithmetic mean according to the above definition. | not-entailment |
9,257 | Nutritionist: it is a lie to advertise that any health product can cure diseases. However, for people who eat irregularly, it is necessary to take some health products. | If the nutritionist's opinion is accepted, some health products are necessary for some people must be accepted. | entailment |
446 | Scientists found that one of the main reasons for the rapid increase of diabetes in children under the age of 5 is that they are not exposed to bacteria and germs in childhood. Those who live in rural areas have more opportunities to get along with pets because of the earlier exposure to the substances carrying bacteria, and the risk of allergies, asthma, eczema and other diseases is very low. An environment in which bacteria are eliminated too thoroughly may harm children's health. | Many harmful bacteria are in peace with the human body at ordinary times and when the human body's immunity declines, the bacteria begin to invade the human body can best support the above conclusion. | not-entailment |
6,203 | Whether it is European literature in the 19th century represented by Balzac or modern Chinese literature led by Lu Xun, most of them hold high the banner of realism, reclaim life and shape models. Literary creation since the new era basically adheres to the position of realism, is good at exposing and criticizing the negative objective reality in life, which is completely necessary and very valuable. However, in fact, realistic creation takes humanitarian thought as a weapon and pays attention not only to the analysis of the dark side of society, but also to the display of the highlights of life. Not only the accuracy and profundity of criticizing the dark side of society, but also the writer's care and sympathy for the fate of the characters. | Some novels have a negative tendency is the main criticism of the above words in literary creation since the new period. | entailment |
14,544 | When mercury-vapor streetlights are used in areas inhabited by insect-eating bats, the bats feed almost exclusively around the lights, because the lights attract flying insects. In Greenville, the mercury-vapor streetlights are about to be replaced with energy-saving sodium streetlights, which do not attract insects. This change is likely to result in a drop in the population of insect-eating bats in Greenville, since __ | In the absence of local concentrations of the flying insects on which bats feed, the bats expend much more energy on hunting for food, requiring much larger quantities of insects to sustain each bat. | entailment |
15,009 | This region must find new ways to help business grow. After all, shoe manufacturing used to be a major local industry, but recently has experienced severe setbacks due to overseas competition, so there is a need for expansion into new manufacturing areas. Moreover, our outdated public policy generally inhibits business growth. | The main conclusion drawn in the argument is that business in the region must expand into new areas of manufacturing. | not-entailment |
14,007 | Any government action that intrudes on the right of privacy of an individual is unconstitutional. Ttherefore, the requirement that students in public school submit to random locker searches is unconstitutional. | The requirement is clearly posted throughout each school most weakens the conclusion that random locker searches in public schools are unconstitutional. | not-entailment |
10,516 | A school has seven outstanding students G, H, L, M, U, W and Z. During the summer vacation, the school will send them to England and the United States to study. Only these seven students from the school took part in the activity, and each of them happened to go to one of the two countries. Considering the specialty of each student, the following conditions must be met in this activity: (1) if G goes to the England, then H goes to the United States. (2) if L goes to England, then both M and U go to the United States. (3) the country where W goes is different from that of Z. (4) the country where U goes is different from that of G. (5) if Z goes to the England, H also goes to the England. | G, H, M, W can be used as a complete and accurate list of students going to England. | not-entailment |
1,602 | The increase of hurricane intensity is closely related to the rise of ocean temperature. The latest research results should arouse people's vigilance. These additional heat in the ocean is made by human beings. Opening or stepping on the accelerator may lead to the birth of a destructive hurricane. | The correct understanding of this passage is that hurricane intensity is closely related to human activities. | not-entailment |
1,186 | Even if there are 100 reasons to fade the halo of the profession aura, and there are 10,000 more reasons to require the profession not to step on the bottom line and abandon the bottom line, whether it is moving out, the lack of conscience is still attributed to the bondage of the system in order to survive.Blaming everything on the external environment is harmful to professional ethics. | The most likely meaning of the passage is 'Never break the bottom line of professional ethics.' | entailment |
7,524 | Second left-behind refers to left-behind children in rural areas who are moved to cities by their parents and are surrounded by strangers without friends or playmates because their parents are busy with their work every day. | According to the above definition, children with different accents play together in the nearby grocery store and square is second left-behind. | not-entailment |
12,379 | A sports arena is considering a new stadium design, one in which each block of seats would be in an enclosed weather-proof room with a view of the playing field and a large screen TV showing the action of play, including the instant replays typical of television broadcasts of sports games. The developer reasons that exposure to elements and lack of access to instant replays significantly limits the typical spectator' s enjoyment of the live game. | The stadium design would be unlikely to increase the pleasure the spectators take from live games if they enjoyed feeling the immediate camaraderie with the crowd of other spectators at the game. | entailment |
4,500 | Distributed Energy is a new type of power generation system built in or near the user's place. It can generate electricity and other forms of energy and satisfy the needs of local users first.It is managed and controlled by users. | A wind power station was built in a township in the western region to generate electricity for the production and living of the village is the distributed energy according to the above definition. | entailment |
7,043 | Asian countries have avoided the global depression in recent years, the most important reason is that they were not involved in the 2008 financial crisis. However, a recent survey shows that Asia's debt level is growing at a terrible rate. In some ways, this is partly reasonable. Many countries' ultra-low interest policies encourage loans, and debt growth is a natural product of wealth growth. But it is worth being vigilant, Asian countries need to rely on a larger debt scale to maintain economic growth. This signal shows that Asia's economic health is not as good as reflected by the growth rate of GD. P. Asia's current debt water is generally lower than that of Europe and is still in the safe range, but the rapid growth of debt will make the economy more vulnerable to shocks. | The paragraph is intended to illustrate that Asian countries lack stamina for economic growth. | not-entailment |
11,878 | Until about 400 million years ago, fishes -- the first true swimmers -- were jawless. Their feeding methods were limited to either sucking in surface plankton or sucking in food particles from bottom mud. With the development of biting jaws, however, the life of fishes changed dramatically, since jaws allowed them actively to pursue prey, to seize it in their jaws, and to manipulate it between their teeth. The jawed fishes then developed along two main lines: one retained cartilage for its skeletons, for example, sharks and rays; the other adopted bone as its principal skeletal material. From the latter group evolved the most abundant and diverse of all of today' s vertebrate groups, the teleosts, some 21, 000 species, which vary from barracudas to sea horses. | The jawless fishes did not prey upon other fish must also be true if all of the statements in the passage are true. | entailment |
10,774 | Curator: If our museum lends Venus to the Hart Institute for their show this spring, they will lend us their Rembrandt etchings for our print exhibition next fall. Having those etchings will increase attendance to the exhibition and hence increase revenue from our general admission fee. Museum Administrator: But Venus is our biggest attraction. Moreover the Hart' s show will run for twice as long as our exhibition. So on balance the number of patrons may decrease. | The point of the administrator's response to the curator is to question whether the number of patrons attracted by the Hart Institute's Rembrandt etchings will be larger than the number of patrons who do not come in the spring because Venus is on loan. | entailment |
12,027 | If the government increases its funding for civilian scientific research, private patrons and industries will believe that such research has become primarily the government' s responsibility. When they believe that research is no longer primarily their responsibility, private patrons and industries will decrease their contributions toward research. Ttherefore, in order to keep from depressing the overall level of funding for civilian scientific research, the government should not increase its own funding. | Governments should bear the majority of the financial burden of funding for civilian scientific research is an assumption on which the argument relies. | not-entailment |
2,668 | In the bidding process of a certain project, Zhao Jia, Qian Yi, Sun Bin, Li Ting, Zhou Wu and Wu Ji participated in the bid as representatives of their respective companies, and only one person won the bid. Three members of the bidding group expressed their own views on who was the winning bidder: (1) the winning bidder was either Zhao Jia or Qian Yi; (2) the winning bidder was not Sun Bin; and (3) Zhou Wu and Wu Ji did not win the bid. After in-depth investigation, it is found that the view of only one of the above three people is correct. | Zhao Jia, Zhou Wu, and Wu Ji can be determined not to win the bid based on the above information. | not-entailment |
7,810 | Heavy snow, a number of highways have been closed. Some highway managers believe that if the highway is not closed, there will be major traffic accidents and huge losses of people's lives and property. However, many drivers disagree with this view. | Traffic accidents are unavoidable and even if the highway is closed, there may be major accidents on ordinary roads is the view agreed by these drivers based on this. | entailment |
8,192 | A foreign company buys insects such as pseudo-walkers and crickets from farmers and processes them into powder or oil, which is then mixed with other ingredients to make delicious food that makes people unable to eat the taste of insects. The company made a profit of millions of dollars by selling the food in 2019. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization affirms the practice of the company and points out that eating insects helps to deal with food shortages and malnutrition around the world. | An authoritative foreign research institution said that in this century, eating insects is conducive to the growth of population and the increased consumption of protein is a prerequisite that must be added if the above argument is to be established. | not-entailment |
8,683 | On August 3, 2003, a 110000-year-old human tooth fossil about 3 cm in length was unearthed in Zhangkoudong Ancient Human site in Jiuxiang, Yiliang County.As soon as the excavation was announced, it immediately attracted wide attention from the media and experts. Many experts involved in the excavation believe that the appearance of this human tooth fossil shows that Zhangkoudong already had human activities as early as 110000 years ago, and it will rewrite the conclusion that human beings in Kunming area, as defined by the Longtan Mountain Ancient Human site in Chenggong County, have a history of only 30,000 years. | The statement 'The fossilized tooth was unearthed in a red sandy soil layer 20 cm below the calcium plate 110,000 years ago' can best question the views of the above experts. | not-entailment |
10,907 | Business ethicist: Managers of corporations have an obligation to serve shareholders as the shareholders would want to be served. Ttherefore, corporate managers have an obligation to act in the shareholders' best interest. | The business ethicist's conclusion follows logically if it is assumed that all shareholders want to be served in identical ways. | not-entailment |
1,610 | Lu Xun wrote with grief and indignation: It's not the young who write commemorations for the old, but in the past 30 years, I have witnessed the blood of many young people, silting up layers by layers, burying me so that I can't breathe. I can only use such pen and ink to write a few articles, which can be regarded as digging a small hole from the soil and extending my mouth to the stump. What kind of world is this? | It reflects Mr. Lu Xun's sad and angry mood and the spirit of fighting hard against Japan is not accurate in the understanding of the word extending mouth to the stump above. | not-entailment |
4,852 | Pharmaceutical companies that produce drugs for rare diseases suffer financial losses because sales are too small to recoup the development and production costs. | The development of drugs to treat rare diseases will promote the progress of medicine best weakens the above conclusions. | not-entailment |
7,216 | A company held a literature and art show. There were four groups of programs. Xiao Wang, Xiao Zhang, Xiao Zhao and Xiao Li drew lots to decide the performance sequence. Xiao Li at the front desk asked them who came first and who came later. Xiao Wang said, I'm the first to go on stage. Xiao Zhang said, I'm the third. Xiao Zhao said, I'm the fourth. Xiao Li said, anyway, I'm not the last. | No matter who told a lie, the performance sequence of the four people can be inferred if only one of the four of them lied. | entailment |
7,997 | Every time the government introduces an economic policy, it will change the income expectations of some interest groups. Out of self-interest, these interest groups always try to offset the loss caused by the policy through various behavior choices. At this time, if the government really changes the original policy, the result will not only invalidate the policy issued by the government, but also make the government's ability of economic regulation and control decline continuously due to the loss of credibility. | The main statement of this passage is that factors that must be considered when formulating economic policies. | not-entailment |
11,907 | On the whole, scientists do their most creative work before age forty, a tendency that has been taken to show that aging carries with it a loss of creative capacity. An alternative explanation is that by age forty most scientists have worked in their field for fifteen or more years and that by then they have exhausted the opportunity for creative work in that field. Supporting this explanation is the finding that __. | a disproportionately large number of the scientists who produce highly creative work beyond age forty entered their field at an older age than is common most logically completes the passage. | entailment |
652 | Contract: It is an agreement between the parties to establish, modify, and terminate civil relations. A contract established in accordance with the law is protected by law. The establishment of a contract must follow two principles: 1. the principle of legality; 2. the principle of equality and mutual benefit, consensus, and equal compensation. | According to the above definition, the life-and-death agreement between the two thieves is not part of a contract. | entailment |
13,535 | City dog licensing records show that more cocker spaniels are registered to addresses in the Flynn Heights neighborhood than to addresses in all other neighborhoods combined. So if an animal control officer finds a stray cocker spaniel anywhere near Flynn Heights, it is likely that the dog belongs to someone in Flynn Heights. | The statement 'whether the city's animal control officers find more stray dogs in and around Flynn Heights than in any other part of the city' would be most useful to know in order to evaluate the argument. | not-entailment |
1,468 | As defined by the World Bank, the Gini coefficient reflects the distribution of income and consumption expenditure among different households. Statistics of most countries in the world is the distribution of income, and income is defined as disposable income after tax, but there are also some national statistics is the distribution of consumer spending, such as India, due to the factor of diminishing marginal propensity to consume, gini coefficient was calculated by the consumer spending will be significantly lower than using the gini coefficient of income, for example, India's gini published in 2005, the world bank The coefficient is 0.33, but it would exceed 0.6 if measured by income. On the other hand, if China's Gini coefficient is calculated using the consumption expenditure method, China's gini coefficient will be only 0.26 in 2000. | The meaning of the text is that the difference of gini coefficient calculation index affects the comparability between countries. | entailment |
8,347 | The upgrading of connotative consumption refers to the behavior that the individual's material consumption tends to be restrained and spiritual consumption tends to be enriched in the process of consumption transformation. | Xiao Ma's change from buying trendy clothes without hesitation to saving money and using it for sports and entertainment with her family belongs to the upgrade of connotative consumption. | entailment |
4,596 | The cremation of the Jurchen nobles in the Jin dynasty mainly used wooden coffinsw,ooden boxes or stone letters to collect ashes. Cremation has always been popular among the Jurchens in the Jin dynasty. However,the shikeng cremation tombs in the Jinyuan area in the early Jin dynasty and those after the mid-Jin dynasty There are essential differences between the various types of cremation tombs. The former is a legacy of Jurchen's old customs, and the latter is influenced by buddhism. In the middle and late Jin dynasty, after the Jurchens occupied the Yellow River Basin, buddhism has become very popular among the Han people. This shows that the Jin dynasty funeral custom of the Jurchens nobles has been sinicized. | The statement 'The influence of buddhism on the jurchen aristocracy in the Jin dynasty is not only reflected in the funeral customs' can best support the above conclusion. | not-entailment |
4,207 | Educational balance refers to ensuring equal rights and obligations to citizens or future citizens through laws and regulations, providing relatively equal educational opportunities and conditions through policy formulation and adjustment and resource allocation, and achieving a relative balance of educational effects and opportunities for success with an objective and fair attitude and scientific and effective methods. | The statement 'A city decided not to implement the policy of allocating funds, but to allocate funds to schools with poor hardware conditions, and strive to make all schools in the city within three years of the basic balance of hardware conditions' is not part of implementing educational balance according to the above definition. | not-entailment |
12,583 | Curator: Since ancient times, the fine arts were developed and sustained with the aid of large subsidies from the aristocracies and religious institutions that were the public sectors of their day; it is doubtful that the arts would have survived without these subsidies. Clearly, contemporary societies should fulfill their obligation as stewards of cultural heritage without the assistance of aristocracies or religious institutions, so governments must help finance the maintenance, advancement, and enrichment of the fine arts today. | The curator's argument depends on assuming that if contemporary governments help to maintain and enrich the fine arts, private support for the arts will become unnecessary. | not-entailment |
7,043 | Asian countries have avoided the global depression in recent years, the most important reason is that they were not involved in the 2008 financial crisis. However, a recent survey shows that Asia's debt level is growing at a terrible rate. In some ways, this is partly reasonable. Many countries' ultra-low interest policies encourage loans, and debt growth is a natural product of wealth growth. But it is worth being vigilant, Asian countries need to rely on a larger debt scale to maintain economic growth. This signal shows that Asia's economic health is not as good as reflected by the growth rate of GD. P. Asia's current debt water is generally lower than that of Europe and is still in the safe range, but the rapid growth of debt will make the economy more vulnerable to shocks. | This paragraph is intended to illustrate that Asian countries need to guard against falling into debt crisis. | entailment |
8,130 | A certain group company has six departments: production department, sales department, R & D department, personnel department, finance department and legal department. There are six office buildings from front to back: Wu ,Ji, Geng , Xin , Ren and Gui . Each department has a building, and the arrangement of each department meets the following requirements: (1) the sales department is in front of the finance department and the production department. (2) the personnel department is immediately after the R & D department or the production department; (3) the legal department is followed by the R & D department or the sales department. | The R & D Department is in the Ji Building is not possible if the sales department is located in the Wu building. | entailment |
3,640 | Assembly operation means that workers act on the labor object according to the work flow and order, and complete a certain amount of work at a certain stage in the production process, so that the production can be carried out continuously and without interruption. | According to the above definition, completing another construction object is not an assembly operation. | entailment |
6,359 | From the perspective of the history of landscape painting, although the emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty had their surnames Zhao, their painting styles were very different, and they were usually divided into two parts; the Ming Dynasty was the world of Zhu Yuanzhang. The ruler is neither a family nor a surname, and the time span is more than 540 years, but they are often told together. This is because political history and art history are not necessarily parallel. In other words, the main trends in the history of painting in the Ming and Qing dynasties are almost all under the influence of the generationless style of painting, copying is flourishing and creativity is declining, unlike the paintings of the Song Dynasties, which have significantly different characteristics. | The paintings of the Yuan Dynasty inherited the characteristics of the paintings of the Song Dynasties is consistent with the original text. | not-entailment |
11,797 | Although this bottle is labeled vinegar, no fizzing occurred when some of the liquid in it was added to powder from this box labeled baking soda. But when an acidic liquid such as vinegar is added to baking soda the resulting mixture fizzes, so this bottle clearly has been mislabeled. | A flaw in the reasoning in the argument above is that it assumes that the fact of a labeling error is proof of an intention to deceive. | not-entailment |
11,392 | Dietitian: Eating fish can lower one' s cholesterol level. In a study of cholesterol levels and diet, two groups were studied. The first group ate a balanced diet including two servings of fish per week. The second group ate a very similar diet, but ate no fish. The first group showed lower cholesterol levels, on average, than the second group. The two groups had displayed similar average cholesterol levels prior to the study. | The claim that the two groups had displayed similar average cholesterol levels prior to the study provides background information on the purpose of the study. | not-entailment |
11,667 | Debater: As a pedagogical practice, lecturing embodies hierarchy, since the lecturer is superior to the student in mastery of the subject. But people learn best from peer interaction. Thus, the hierarchy in lecturing is a great weakness. Respondent: By definition, all teaching and learning are hierarchical, for all teaching and learning must proceed from simple to complex. In teaching mathematics, for example, arithmetic must precede calculus. Thus, the hierarchy in lecturing is a strength. | The respondent's reply to the debater's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the respondent takes for granted that the conceptual structure of mathematics is sufficiently representative of the conceptual structure of at least some other academic disciplines. | not-entailment |
3,514 | Labor disputes: refers to the disputes between workers and employers due to the implementation of labor laws, regulations or the performance of labor contracts, collective contracts. | A dispute arose over wages between two firms producing the same goods is a labor dispute according to the above definition. | not-entailment |
14,200 | In Wareland last year, 16 percent of licensed drivers under 21 and 11 percent of drivers ages 21-24 were in serious accidents. By contrast, only 3 percent of licensed drivers 65 and older were involved in serious accidents. These figures clearly show that the greater experience and developed habits of caution possessed by drivers in the 65-and-older group make them far safer behind the wheel than the younger drivers are. | The difference between the accident rate of drivers under 21 and of those ages 21-24 is attributable to the greater driving experience of those in the older group is an assumption on which the argument depends. | not-entailment |
5,683 | Under the condition of pollution, organisms can enrich and detoxify pollutants in the body by combining fixation, metabolism, detoxification and compartment action. Among them, the detoxification ability of organisms is the basis of biological resistance. Organisms with strong detoxification ability have resistance, but the detoxification ability is not the whole of resistance. Organisms with strong resistance may not have strong detoxification ability. | Detoxification ability of organisms without resistance must not be strong can be inferred from the information above. | entailment |
3,389 | The Peter Principle is a conclusion drawn by the Laurence J. Peter, an American academic, after studying the phenomenon of promotion in organizations. That is, in organizations where it is customary to promote people who are competent at a certain level, employees tend to rise to their ineptitude. The Peter principle is sometimes called the climb principle. | Professor Zhang's class was so popular that he was recently promoted to principal and has been very busy ever since is consistent with Peter's principle. | entailment |
6,873 | On the topic of education at the moment, there are often two armies confronting each other: on the one hand, there are education experts who say with all their heart that successful education must inspire students' interest; on the other side are parents and teachers who agree that exams are the only ones and scores are the top priority. Experts point out that such utilitarianism has ruthlessly stifled the children's nature and interest. However, under the conditions of insufficient high-quality educational resources, parents do not want to find ways to get their children to enter prestigious schools, what more wise choices can be made? | The views of education experts can be inferred from this text to be divorced from the reality of life. | not-entailment |
11,704 | Heart attacks are most likely to occur on Mondays. The accepted explanation is that because Monday is the first day of the workweek, people feel more stress on Mondays than on other days. However, research shows that even unemployed retired people are more likely to have heart attacks on Mondays than on other days. | The statement 'Because they associate Monday with work, retired people are more likely to begin large projects on Mondays' most helps to explain the increased likelihood that an unemployed retiree will have a heart attack on a Monday. | entailment |
7,596 | The Fed's influence on the Wall Street-centric securities trading market is also huge. The U.S. government itself does not have the right to issue currency. To obtain U.S. dollars, the U.S. government must mortgage future U.S. taxes to the Fed in the form of national debt, and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York is issued as an agent. Various U.S. government bonds have been invested in the securities exchange market. More importantly, the Fed's adjustments to the number of U.S. dollars and interest rates directly affect the trend of Wall Street and even the global economy. | The statement 'The condition for the Fed to issue U.S. dollars is that the U.S. government pledges taxes to the Fed in the form of national debt' can be derived from this. | not-entailment |
3,997 | Sunlight, radiation, air pollution, etc. in the outside environment will make the human body produce more reactive oxygen free radicals. Reactive oxygen free radicals are the root cause of human aging, and antioxidants can effectively remove excess free radicals from the body. | The rate of aging in people may be determined by the environment or by antioxidants is correct according to the above definition. | entailment |
5,367 | The multiple cropping index refers to the ratio of the total sown area of crops to the area of arable land within a year, and is generally expressed as a percentage. The level of the multiple cropping index is restricted by the local sunshine, soil, water conservancy, fertilizer, labor, and scientific and technological conditions. Good sunshine conditions, Long frost-free period, sufficient moisture, reasonable interplanting, etc. are the basis for improving the multiple cropping index. | The multiple cropping index is closely related to the longitude of the area is correct according to the above definition. | not-entailment |
4,203 | Financing refers to the monetary transaction means or acquisition of assets to pay more than the purchase price of cash, and the monetary means used to raise funds | According to the above definition, Mr. Zhang intends to put a restaurant down, not enough money to find a friend Mr. Li borrowed 500,000, agreed to two years even the principal and interest paid off is not financing. | not-entailment |
6,887 | When can Chinese young directors also have a dynasty change of film language and film achievements, not just the fifth and sixth generation on the seniority baton? However, just like the Matthew effect, the more well-known directors are, the more favored by capital, and the hunger for opportunities and creative use of famous directors are often inferior to young directors, and the more resources young directors need, the more difficult it is to attract funds. rare opportunities once in several years first make survival an obstacle. | The text is intended to illustrate that young directors should be good at using resources. | not-entailment |
13,231 | A recent poll of a large number of households found that 47 percent of those with a cat had at least one person with a university degree, while 38 percent of households with a dog had at least one person with a university degree. Clearly, people who hold university degrees are more likely to live in a household with a cat than one with a dog. | The reasoning in the argument is flawed because it ignores the possibility that a significant number of households might have both a cat and a dog. | not-entailment |
10,843 | Cigarette companies claim that manufacturing both low-and high-nicotine cigarettes allows smokers to choose how much nicotine they want. However, a recent study has shown that the levels of nicotine found in the blood of smokers who smoke one pack of cigarettes per day are identical at the end of a day' s worth of smoking, whatever the level of nicotine in the cigarettes they smoke. | The statement 'Blood cannot absorb more nicotine per day than that found in the smoke from a package of the lowest-nicotine cigarettes available' most helps to explain the finding of the nicotine study. | entailment |
6,896 | When a cold snowstorm sweeps across the pasture, the temperature drops rapidly below zero, and the cattle usually turn their back to the storm and slowly move downwind, and when they are finally blocked by the fence, they have to huddle together, resulting in the death of a large number of cattle. But there is a kind of Hereford cattle that will face the storm side by side and bow their heads in the face of the blizzard, resulting in the lowest death rate and the least loss. | Enduring to the end is victory is closest to the truth of this story. | not-entailment |
2,684 | Researcher Wang: the mass entrepreneurship and mass innovation put forward by our government inspires every entrepreneur. For entrepreneurs, the most important thing is to have a perseverance. No matter what difficulties you encounter in starting a business, you must stick to it. Professor Li: for entrepreneurs, the most important thing is to dare to try new technologies. Because there are some new technologies that some big companies do not dare to try easily, this brings opportunities for entrepreneurs to succeed. | The most accurate point of the difference between Professor Wang and Professor Li, based on the above information, is that the most important thing is to dare to meet the challenges of various entrepreneurial challenges, or dare to try new technologies that big companies do not dare to try easily. | not-entailment |
10,532 | A former vice president of the Shanxi vinegar industry association said that only 5% of the Shanxi aged vinegar sold on the market is the real Shanxi aged vinegar without additives. A vice president of the China seasoning Association said in an interview with reporters on the incident: as long as additives are added according to national standards, there is no safety problem. Some enterprises emphasize that they do not add additives, which is unfair to enterprises that add additives according to normal standards. | The statement 'If we want to promote the technological innovation of the industry, we should raise the national standards of the industry' can be logically derived from the words of the vice president of the seasoning association. | not-entailment |
12,076 | A just government never restricts the right of its citizens to act upon their desires except when their acting upon their desires is a direct threat to the health or property of other of its citizens. | A just government would not ban the sale of sports cars, but it could prohibit unrestricted racing of them on public highways most closely conforms to the principle cited above. | entailment |
2,588 | A common phenomenon is that some best-selling popular science books imported from abroad do not sell well at home. Some people explain that this has something to do with the division of liberal arts and science that we have followed for many years. The division of liberal arts and sciences has artificially caused the separation of natural sciences and humanities and social sciences, resulting in the reader market of popular science books has not really formed. | The statement 'Due to the lack of science background, non-natural scientists stay away from science' will best strengthen the above point of view. | entailment |
6,097 | The essence of strategic game lies in the interdependence of participants' decisions, which is reflected in two ways: the first way is sequential, and the participants take turns; The second way is to take place at the same time, and the participants make moves at the same time. However, everyone must understand that there are other active participants in the game. Everyone should put himself in the position of others to evaluate the results of his action. | The result of each step in the game directly affects the overall situation is consistent with this paragraph. | not-entailment |
755 | Synaesthesia refers to a feeling, such as vision, hearing and touch, which causes the occurrence of another feeling. It is a manifestation of sensory interaction | Be beautiful enough to feast the eyes doesn't belong to synaesthesia according to the above definition. | not-entailment |
9,552 | With the continuous expansion of the scale of higher education, the competition is also intensifying. The competition among colleges and universities is an eternal theme. And the most concentrated competition is the competition of students. It is a competitive strategy for universities to offer characteristic and professional programs. At present, domestic colleges and universities are competing to offer a variety of major, minor and certificate courses. On this basis, personalized professional setting, as a unique way of training undergraduate talents, has become a unique goal to open up a new channel and effectively enhance the attractiveness and competitiveness of the school. | 'The unique talent training plan is a powerful weapon in the competition of various colleges and universities' is the most appropriate summary of the text. | not-entailment |
13,918 | James: Chemists have recently invented a new technique for extracting rhodium, an element necessary for manufacturing catalytic converters for automobiles, from nuclear waste. Catalytic converters function to remove noxious gases from automobile exhaust. The use of nuclear power is ttherefore contributing in at least one way to creating a cleaner environment. Marta: The technique you mention, though effective, is still at an experimental stage, so there has been no shift in the sources of the rhodium currently used in manufacturing catalytic converters. | Marta responds to James's argument by pointing out a fact that James, in drawing his conclusion, did not take into account. | entailment |
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