sentence1
stringlengths
1
8.54k
sentence2
stringlengths
1
15.9k
The GLA is based at City Hall , a new building on the south bank of the River Thames , next to Tower Bridge .
The GLA governs a much wider area The GLA is at City Hall , a new building on the south bank of the River Thames , next to Tower Bridge .
The Mayor proposes policy and the GLA 's budget , and makes appointments to the capital 's strategic executive such as Transport for London .
The Mayor proposes policy and the GLA 's budget , and makes appointments to the capital 's strategic transport body ( Transport for London ) and economic development body ( the London Development Agency ) .
The GLA is different from the Corporation of the City of London with its largely ceremonial Lord Mayors , which controls only the Square Mile of the City , London 's chief financial center .
The GLA is different from the Corporation of the City of London with its largely ceremonial Lord Mayor .
It was created to improve the coordination between the local authorities in Greater London , and the Mayor of London 's role is to give London a single person to represent it .
The GLA was created to improve the coordination between the London boroughs , and the Mayor of London 's role is to give London a single person to represent it .
The GLA is responsible for the strategic administration of the 1579 km ² ( 610 sq. miles ) of Greater London .
The Greater London Authority ( GLA ) controls the 1579 km ² ( 610 sq. miles ) of Greater London , England , covering the 32 London boroughs and the City of London .
These lighter Renaissance pieces eventually led to the development of the 3-pounder and 4-pounder regimental guns of the 17th century as well as the leather cannon , notably in the army of Gustavus Adolphus .
These lighter Renaissance pieces led to the development of the 3-pounder and 4-pounder regimental guns of the 17th century , notably in the army of Gustavus Adolphus .
Infantry support guns were the first type of artillery employed by armed forces , initially in China , and later brought to Europe by the Mongol invasion .
Infantry guns were the first type of artillery used by armed forces , first in China , and later brought to Europe by the Mongol invasion .
In their initial form , they lacked carriages or wheels , and were simple cast barrels called pots de fer in French , or vasi in Italian .
At first they were simple cast barrels called pots de fer in French , or vasi in Italian .
Although oxen were used to haul the heavier field and siege ordnance , some on wagons rather than limbers , they were too slow to keep up with the infantry , and so horses were used to pull the lighter pieces , leading to the development of the artillery carriage and horse team that survived until the late 19th century .
Horses were used to pull the lighter pieces , leading to the development of the artillery carriage and horse team that survived until the late 19th century .
The light field guns of the 17th century , commonly known as a drake in England , came in almost 100 different calibres , with each having its own distinct name , some of which were : 5 pound , 3 1\/2 inch saker , weighing 1 ton 4 pound , 3 inch minion , weighing 3\/4 ton 2 pound , 2 3\/4 inch falcon , weighing 1\/4 ton 1 pound , 2 inch falconet , weighing 200lbs 3\/4 pound , 1\/4 inch robinet , weighing 100lbs The saker and falcon had point-blank ranges of 360 and 320 yards , and 2,170 and 1,920 yards extreme ranges respectively .
Each had its own name , some of which were : 5 pound , 3 1\/2 inch saker , weighing 1 ton 4 pound , 3 inch minion , weighing 3\/4 ton 2 pound , 2 3\/4 inch falcon , weighing 1\/4 ton 1 pound , 2 inch falconet , weighing 200lbs 3\/4 pound , 1\/4 inch robinet , weighing 100lbs The saker and falcon had ranges of 360 and 320 yards if fired straight at the target , and 2,170 and 1,920 yards if fired in an upward arc .
These weapons were relatively small , immobile , and fired large bolts or quarrels .
These weapons were small , immobile , and fired large bolts or quarrels .
This led to two divergent approaches , the very light hand-gun , and eventually the arquebus , while another avenue of development led to the light ordnance , now on wheeled carriages , such as the 2-pounder Culvern moyane , the 1-pounder Falcon , and the 3\/4-pounder Falconet .
The other was to place the gun on wheeled carriages , such as the 2-pounder Culvern moyane , the 1-pounder Falcon , and the 3\/4-pounder Falconet .
Infantry support guns or Battalion guns are artillery weapons designed and used to increase firepower of infantry units they are intrinsic to ; offering immediate tactical response to the needs of the unit 's commanding officer .
Infantry guns are artillery weapons for the use of infantry units .
Borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) ( called emotionally unstable personality disorder , emotional intensity disorder , borderline type in the ICD-10 ) is a cluster-B personality disorder the essential features of which are a pattern of marked impulsivity and instability of affects , interpersonal relationships and self image .
Borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) is a type of cluster B personality disorder , a long-term mental illness .
Many people with borderline personality disorder also have mood disorders , such as major depressive disorder or a bipolar disorder .
The vast majority of people who have BPD also have other mental health problems , such as : mood disorders , attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder , eating disorders , anxiety disorders ( especially post-traumatic stress disorder ) , and other personality disorders .
Many adolescents experience these symptoms without going on to develop BPD , but those who experience them are 9 times as likely as their peers to develop BPD .
There may be several causes for people developing BPD .
The disorder is recognized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders .
Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals diagnose people with BPD using a book called the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-IV-TR ) .
In 2005 , she won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for playing Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese 's The Aviator .
In 2005 she won Best Supporting Actress for playing Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese 's The Aviator .
She came to international attention for her role as Elizabeth I of England in the 1998 film Elizabeth , for which she won the British Academy Award for Best Actress ( BAFTA ) and a Golden Globe award , and earned her first Academy Award nomination .
In 1998 she won an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress for playing Elizabeth I in Elizabeth .
Cate Blanchett was born on 14 May 1969 in the Melbourne suburb of Ivanhoe .
Cate Blanchett ( born May 14 , 1969 ) is an Australian actor .
The Deccan Plateau is a large plateau in India , making up most of the southern part of the country .
The Deccan Plateau is a large plateau in India which covers the majority of the southern part of the country .
It rises a hundred metres high in the north , and more than a kilometre high in the south , forming a raised triangle within the familiar downward-pointing triangle of the Indian subcontinent 's coastline .
The uplands , areas of higher land , make up a triangle nested within the familiar downward-pointing triangle of the Indian sub-continent 's coastline .
Each rises from its respective nearby coastal plain .
These mountain ranges rise from their respective nearby coastal plains and nearly meet at the southern tip of India .
It is located between two mountain ranges , the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats .
On the west of the plateau are the Western Ghats and in the east are the Eastern Ghats .
Five of the teachers and 29 of the students were from Jiangshan High School in Zhejiang ; they were traveling together .
Five of the teachers and 29 of the students were from Jiangshan High School in Zhejiang .
It was scheduled to land at San Francisco International Airport ( SFO ) at 11:04 a.m. PDT ( 18:04 UTC ) .
It was supposed to land at San Francisco International Airport ( SFO ) at 11:04 a.m. PDT ( 18:04 UTC ) .
Seventy students and teachers traveling to the United States for summer camp were among the Chinese passengers .
Seventy students and teachers going to the United States for summer camp were among the Chinese passengers .
This was the third fatal crash in Asiana 's 25-year history .
This was only the third fatal crash in Asiana 's history .
On July 6 , 2013 , Flight OZ214 took off from Incheon International Airport ( ICN ) at 5:04 p.m. KST ( 08:04 UTC ) , 34 minutes after its scheduled departure time .
On July 6 , 2013 , Flight 214 took off from Incheon International Airport ( ICN ) at 5:04 p.m. KST ( 08:04 UTC ) , which was 34 minutes late .
Asiana Airlines Flight 214 was a scheduled transpacific passenger flight from Incheon International Airport near Seoul , South Korea to San Francisco International Airport ( SFO ) in the United States .
Asiana Airlines Flight 214 was a passenger flight from Incheon International Airport , South Korea , to San Francisco International Airport , United States .
Thirty-five of the students were to attend a West Valley Christian School summer camp .
35 of the students were going to a West Valley Christian School summer camp .
The sound of the stick shaker ( warning of imminent stall ) could be heard four seconds before impact on the cockpit voice recorder .
The sound of the stick shaker ( when the yoke vibrates to warn pilots that the plane may stall ) could be heard about 4 seconds before the crash on the cockpit voice recorder .
In the hours after the accident , Asiana Airlines CEO Yoon Young-doo ( 윤영두 ; 尹永斗 ) said his airline had ruled out mechanical failure as the cause of the crash .
Asiana CEO Yoon Young-Doo said `` Currently we understand that there were no engine or mechanical problems . ''
The carrier may pay more after the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board completes its investigation into the accident .
The National Transportation Safety Board has started an investigation .
Chief of the San Francisco Fire Department Joanne Hayes-White stated that the department 's 2009 ban on video recording devices has now been extended to include any devices mounted on helmets that record emergencies .
Chief of San Francisco Fire Department , Joanne Hayes-White , said that two people died .
Despite damage to the aircraft , `` many ... were able to walk away on their own '' .
Even though the plane was damaged a lot , `` many ( ... ) were able to walk away on their own '' .
Both engines and the tail section separated from the aircraft .
When the plane crashed , both engines and the tail section were torn off the plane .
Estimates published in 2005 and 2007 suggest that it was 12.6 to 18 metres ( 41 to 59 ft ) in length and 7 to 20.9 tonnes ( 7.7 to 23.0 short tons ) in weight .
Estimates suggest that it was 12.6 to 18 metres ( 41 to 59 ft ) in length and 7 to 20.9 tonnes ( 7.7 to 23.0 short tons ) in weight .
The skull of Spinosaurus was long and narrow like that of a modern crocodilian .
The skull of Spinosaurus was long and narrow like that of a modern gharial .
Six main partial specimens of Spinosaurus have been described .
Six specimens of Spinosaurus have been uncovered .
This genus was first known from Egyptian remains discovered in 1912 and described by German paleontologist Ernst Stromer in 1915 .
Its bones were first discovered in Egypt in 1912 by German paleontologist Ernst Stromer in 1915 .
, also spelled Ghen-so-tennō , was the 23rd emperor of Japan , according to the traditional order of succession .
was the 23rd emperor of Japan , according to the traditional order of succession .
No firm dates can be assigned to this emperor 's life or reign , but he is conventionally considered to have reigned from 485-487 .
No certain dates can be assigned to this emperor 's life or reign .
Wilhelm Hauff ( 29 November 1802 - 18 November 1827 ) was a German poet and novelist .
Wilhelm Hauff ( November 29 , 1802 - November 18 , 1827 ) was a German poet and novelist .
Some of these stories are very popular in German-speaking countries to this day , such as Der kleine Muck ( The Story of Little Muck ) , Kalif Storch ( Caliph Stork ) and Die Geschichte von dem Gespensterschiff ( The Tale of the Ghost Ship ) - all set in the Orient ; as well as Der Zwerg Nase ( Little Longnose ) , Das kalte Herz ( The Cold Heart or The Marble Heart ) and Das Wirtshaus im Spessart ( The Spessart Inn ) , set in Germany .
Some of his works are very popular in German speaking countries to this day , such as Der kleine Muck , Kalif Storch and Die Geschichte von dem Gespensterschiff - all set in the Orient and Der Zwerg Nase , Das kalte Herz and Das Wirtshaus im Spessart , the three are set in Germany .
Sometimes , dung beetles try to steal the dung ball from another beetle , so the dung beetles have to move rapidly away from a dung pile once they have rolled their ball to prevent it from being stolen .
Sometimes dung beetles will try to steal the dung ball from another beetle , so the dung beetles have to move rapidly away from a dung pile once they have rolled their ball to prevent it from being stolen .
For example , Fabre corrected the myth that a dung beetle would seek aid from other dung beetles when confronted by obstacles .
Fabre corrected the myth that a dung beetle would seek aid from other dung beetles when confronted by obstacles .
Dung beetles live in many habitats , including desert , farmland , forest , and grasslands .
Dung beetles live in many different habitats , including desert , farmland , forest , and grasslands .
Dung beetles can roll up to 10 times their weight .
Dung beetles can roll up to 50 times their weight .
After capturing the dung , a dung beetle rolls it , following a straight line despite all obstacles .
After capturing the dung , a dung beetle will roll it , following a straight line despite all obstacles .
In some cases , the male and the female roll together .
In some cases the male and the female roll together .
After the mating , both or one of them prepares the brooding ball .
After the mating , both or one of them will prepare the brooding ball .
By painstaking observations and experiments , he found the seeming helpers were , in fact , robbers awaiting an opportunity to steal the roller 's food source : Dung beetles play a remarkable role in agriculture .
By painstaking observations and experiments , he found the seeming helpers were , in fact , robbers awaiting an opportunity to steal the roller 's food source .
A third group , the dwellers , neither roll nor burrow : they simply live in manure .
A third group , the dwellers , neither roll nor burrow : they simply live in dung .
The `` rollers '' roll and bury a dung ball either for food storage or for making a brooding ball .
The `` rollers '' roll and bury a dung ball either for food storage or to make a brooding ball .
The behavior of the beetles was much misunderstood until the pioneering studies of Jean Henri Fabre in the late 19th century .
The behavior of the beetles was much misunderstood until the studies of Jean Henri Fabre .
Many dung beetles , known as rollers , roll dung into round balls , which are used as a food source or brooding chambers .
Many dung beetles , known as rollers , are noted for rolling dung into balls , which are used as a food source or brooding chambers .
Dung beetles eat dung excreted by herbivores and omnivores , and prefer that produced by the former .
Dung beetles eat dung of herbivores and omnivores , and prefer that produced by herbivores .
There are dung-feeding beetles which belong to other families , such as the Geotrupidae ( the earth-boring dung beetle ) .
There are dung-feeding beetles in other related families , such as the Geotrupidae ( the earth-boring dung beetles ) .
During the larval stage , the beetle feeds on the dung surrounding it .
During the larval stage , the grub feeds on the dung surrounding it .
They do not prefer extremely cold or dry weather .
They do not like extremely cold or dry weather .
Some smaller species simply attach themselves to the dung-providers to wait for the dung .
Some of the smaller species simply attach themselves to the dung-providers to wait for their reward .
In the latter case , two beetles , one male and one female , stay around the dung ball during the rolling process .
In the latter case , two beetles , one male and one female , will be seen around the dung ball during the rolling process .
When a spot with soft soil is found , they stop and bury the ball , then mate underground .
When a spot with soft soil is found , they stop and bury the dung ball .
One type living in Central America , Deltochilum valgum , is a carnivore preying upon millipedes .
One type living in South America , Deltochilum valgum , is a carnivore eating millipedes .
Usually it is the male that rolls the ball , while the female hitch-hikes or simply follows behind .
Usually it is the male that rolls the ball , with the female hitch-hiking or simply following behind .
The Scarabaeinae alone comprises more than 5,000 species .
The subfamily Scarabaeinae alone has more than 5,000 species .
Many of them also feed on mushrooms and decaying leaves and fruits .
Many of them also feed on mushrooms and rotting leaves and fruits .
Dung beetles are beetles that feed partly or exclusively on feces .
Dung beetles are beetles that feed partly or only on the dung of mammals .
When the ball is finished , the female lays eggs inside it , a form of mass provisioning .
When the ball is finished , the female lays eggs inside it .
All the species belong to the superfamily Scarabaeoidea ; most of them to the subfamilies Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae of the family Scarabaeidae ( scarab beetles ) .
All of these species belong to the superfamily Scarabaeoidea ; and most of them to the family Scarabaeidae .
According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 908 square miles ( 2,350 km2 ) , of which 901 square miles ( 2,330 km2 ) is land and 7 square miles ( 18 km2 ) ( 0.8 % ) is water .
The county has a total area of 908 square miles ( 2,351.7 km2 ) .
Over the Limit ( 2011 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by WWE , which took place on May 22 , 2011 at the KeyArena in Seattle , Washington .
Over the Limit ( 2011 ) is a future professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event to be made by WWE , which will happen on May 22 , 2011 at the KeyArena in Seattle , Washington .
It was the second Over the Limit event .
It will be the second Over the Limit event .
On the May 9 edition of Raw , Lawler challenged Cole to another match with a stipulation that Lawler would give him his Hall of Fame Ring and , should Cole be honored , personally induct him into the WWE Hall of Fame .
Also on Raw , carrying over from their WrestleMania and Extreme Rules matches , Jerry Lawler challenged Michael Cole to one final match at Over the Limit , where if he lost he would personally induct Cole in to the WWE Hall of Fame and give him his Hall of Fame ring .
The practical uses of the Riemann hypothesis include many propositions known true under the Riemann hypothesis , and some that can be shown equivalent to the Riemann hypothesis .
The Riemann hypothesis is a mathematical conjecture .
The Riemann hypothesis is concerned with the locations of these non-trivial zeros , and states that : The real part of every non-trivial zero of the Riemann zeta function is 1\/2 .
It is about a special function , the Riemann zeta function .
The functional equation also implies that the zeta function has no zeros with negative real part other than the trivial zeros , so all non-trivial zeros lie in the critical strip where s has real part between 0 and 1 .
The functional equation also says all zeros ( except the `` obvious '' ones ) must be in the critical strip : real part is between 0 and 1 .
Margherita 's siblings included : Ferdinando II de ' Medici , Grand Duke of Tuscany , Cardinal Gian Carlo de ' Medici , Cardinal Leopoldo de ' Medici and Anna , wife of Ferdinand Charles , Archduke of Further Austria .
Margherita 's siblings included Ferdinando II de ' Medici , Grand Duke of Tuscany , Cardinal Gian Carlo de ' Medici , Cardinal Leopoldo de ' Medici and Anna , wife of Ferdinand Charles , Archduke of Further Austria .
Their eldest son , Ranuccio was not yet old enough to rule the Duchy alone so his mother , Margherita acted as regent until her son was old enough to govern alone .
Their eldest son , Ranuccio was not yet old enough to rule the Duchy alone so Margherita acted as regent until her son was old enough to govern alone .
Margherita 's other siblings died in childhood or early adulthood .
Margherita 's other siblings died in childhood or eary adulthood .
She died in Parma on February 6 , 1679 .
She died in Parma on February 6 1679 .
On September 11 , 1646 , Odoardo died .
On 11 September 1646 Odoardo died .
Margherita was regent of Piacenza in 1635 and regent of the entire duchy in 1646 after the death of her husband .
Margherita was regent of Plaisance in 1635 and regent of the entire duchy in 1646 after the death of her husband .
The company was founded in Rüsselsheim , Hesse , Germany , on January 21 , 1862 , by Adam Opel .
The company headquarters are in Rüsselsheim , Germany .
Before the conflict broke out , the Adam Opel AG had established itself as the largest motor vehicle manufacturer in Europe .
Opel , full name Adam Opel AG , is an automobile maker from Germany , founded in 1862 .
Although the binary companion to the pulsar is usually difficult or impossible to observe , the timing of the pulses from the pulsar itself can be measured with extraordinary accuracy by radio telescopes .
Although the binary companion to the pulsar is usually difficult or impossible to observe , the timing of the pulses from the pulsar can be measured with extraordinary accuracy by radio telescopes .
Then as the pulsar clock travels more slowly through the weakest part of the field it regains time .
As the pulsar clock travels more slowly through the weakest part of the field it regains time .
The first binary pulsar , PSR B1913 +16 or the `` Hulse-Taylor binary pulsar '' was discovered in 1974 at Arecibo by Joseph Hooton Taylor , Jr. and Russell Hulse , for which they won the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physics .
The first binary pulsar , PSR B1913 +16 or the `` Hulse-Taylor binary pulsar '' was discovered in 1974 at Arecibo by Joseph Taylor and Russell Hulse , for which they won the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physics .
( In at least one case , the double pulsar PSR J0737-3039 , the companion neutron star is another pulsar as well . )
In at least one case , the double pulsar PSR J0737-3039 , the companion star is another pulsar as well .
Binary pulsars are currently the only tools scientists have to detect evidence of gravitational waves ; Einstein 's theory of general relativity predicts that two neutron stars would emit gravitational waves as they orbit a common center of mass , which would carry away orbital energy and cause the two stars to draw closer together and shorten their orbital period .
Einstein 's theory of general relativity predicts that two neutron stars would emit gravitational waves as they orbit a common center of mass , which would carry away orbital energy , and cause the two stars to draw closer together .
Binary pulsars are one of the few objects which allow physicists to test general relativity because of the strong gravitational fields in their vicinities .
Binary pulsars are one of the few objects which allow physicists to test general relativity in the case of a strong gravitational field .
This relativistic time delay is the difference between what one would expect to see if the pulsar were moving at a constant distance and speed around its companion in a circular orbit , and what is actually observed .
It is the difference between what one would expect to see if the pulsar were moving at a constant distance and speed around its companion , and what is actually observed .
Hulse and Taylor also determined that the stars were approximately equally massive by observing these pulse fluctuations , which led them to believe the other object was also a neutron star .
Hulse and Taylor determined that the stars were equally heavy by observing these pulse fluctuations , which led them to believe the other spacial object was also a neutron star .
This interaction can heat the gas being exchanged between the bodies and produce X-ray light which can appear to pulsate , in a process called the X-ray binary stage .
This interaction can heat the gas being exchanged between the bodies and produce X-ray light which can appear to pulsate , causing binary pulsars to occasionally be referred to as X-ray binaries .
While Hulse was observing the newly discovered pulsar PSR B1913 +16 , he noticed that the rate at which it pulsed varied regularly .
While Hulse was observing a new pulsar , named PSR B1913 +16 , he noticed that the frequency with which it pulsed fluctuated .
The measurements made of the orbital decay of the PSR B1913 +16 system were a near perfect match to Einstein 's equations .
The observations made of the orbital decay of this star system was a near perfect match to Einstein 's equations .
The flow of matter from one stellar body to another often leads to the creation of an accretion disk about the recipient star .
This flow of matter from one stellar body to another is known as an accretion disk .
In the decade following its discovery the system 's orbital period had decreased by about 76 millionths of a second per year - this means that the pulsar was approaching its maximum separation more than a second earlier than it would have if the orbit had remained the same .
This means the pulsar was approaching its maximum separation more than a second earlier than it would have if the orbit had remained the same .
Pulsars also create a `` wind '' of relativistically outflowing particles , which in the case of binary pulsars can blow away the magnetosphere of their companions and have a dramatic effect on the pulse emission .
Millisecond pulsars ( or MSP 's ) create a sort of `` wind '' , which in the case of binary pulsars can blow away the magnetosphere of the neutron stars and have a dramatic effect on the pulse emission .