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By the 14th century , they were common in all levels of society throughout Europe , from royal cuisine to street vendors . | By the 14th century , they were common in all parts of Europe , and could be found anywhere from royal cuisine to street vendors . |
In the cookie , the agent of cohesion has become some form of oil . | In cookies , some form of oil or fat is used for cohesion . |
Despite its descent from cakes and other sweetened breads , the cookie in almost all its forms has abandoned water as a medium for cohesion . | Even though it is close to cakes and other sweetened breads , cookies usually do not use water for cohesion . |
In most English-speaking countries outside North America , including the United Kingdom , the most common word for this type of treat is biscuit and the term cookie is often used to describe only certain types of biscuits . | They are also called biscuits in many English-speaking countries . |
Darmstadtium is a chemical element with the symbol Ds and atomic number 110 . | Darmstadtium is a chemical element . |
It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element . | Darmstadtium is a radioactive element that does not exist in nature . |
Confessions is the fourth studio album by American R&B recording artist Usher , released March 23 , 2004 , on Arista Records . | Confessions is the fourth studio album by American singer Usher . |
Recording sessions for the album took place during 2003 to 2004 with production by Jermaine Dupri , Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis , and Lil Jon . | It was produced by Jermaine Dupri , Jimmy Jam , Terry Lewis , and Lil Jon . |
The album was an instant commercial success in the United States , selling 1.1 million copies in its first week . | The album was a success in the United States . |
The album 's themes generated controversy about Usher 's personal relationship ; however , the album 's primary producer Jermaine Dupri claimed the record reflects his personal story . | Producer , Jermaine Dupri later said that the album is about Usher 's personal story . |
Despite some mixed criticism towards its lyrical substance , Confessions received mostly positive reviews and earned Usher several awards , including a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B Album . | It won a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B Album . |
An early report on `` The International Radio-Telegraphic Convention '' in the January 12 , 1907 Electrical World stated that `` Vessels in distress use the special signal , SOS , repeated at short intervals . '' | An early report on `` The International Radio-Telegraphic Convention '' in the January 12 , 1907 Electrical World said that `` Vessels in distress use the special signal , SOS , repeated at short intervals . '' |
The signal SSS signaled attacked by submarines , whilst RRR warned of an attack by a surface raider , QQQ warned of an unknown raider ( usually an auxiliary cruiser ) , and AAA indicated an attack by aircraft . | The signal SSS signalled attacked by submarines , whilst RRR warned of an attack by a surface raider , QQQ warned of an unknown raider ( usually an auxiliary cruiser ) , and AAA indicated an attack by aircraft . |
In International Morse Code , three dits form the letter S , and three dahs make the letter O , so `` SOS '' became an easy way to remember the order of the dits and dahs . | In International Morse Code , three dits form the letter S , and three dahs make the letter O , so `` SOS '' became an easy way to remember the correct order of the dits and dahs . |
However , there was some resistance among the Marconi operators to the adoption of the new signal , and , as late as the April , 1912 sinking of the RMS Titanic , the ship 's Marconi operators intermixed CQD and SOS distress calls . | However , there was some resistance among the Marconi operators about adopting the new signal , and , as late as the April , 1912 sinking of the RMS Titanic , the ship 's Marconi operators intermixed CQD and SOS distress calls . |
In contrast to CQD , which was sent as three separate letters with spaces between each letter , the SOS distress call has always been transmitted as a continuous sequence of dits and dahs , and not as individual letters . | In contrast to CQD , which was sent as three separate letters with spaces between each letter , the SOS distress call has always been transmitted as a continuous sequence of dits-and-dahs , and not as individual letters . |
In order to designate the proper sequence of dits and dahs for a long special symbol , the standard practice is to list alphabetic characters which contain the same dits and dahs in the same order , with a bar atop the character sequence to indicate that there should not be any internal spaces in the transmission . | In order to designate the proper sequence of dits-and-dahs for a long special symbol , the standard practice is to list alphabetic characters which contain the same dits-and-dahs in the same order , with a bar atop the character sequence to indicate that there should not be any internal spaces in the transmission . |
During the Second World War , additional codes were employed to include immediate details about attacks by enemy vessels , especially in the Battle of the Atlantic . | During the Second World War , additional codes were used to include immediate details about attacks by enemy vessels , especially in the Battle of the Atlantic . |
Article XVI of the regulations adopted Germany 's Notzeichen ( distress signal ) as the international standard , reading : `` Ships in distress shall use the following signal : · · · - - - · · · repeated at brief intervals '' . | Article XVI of the regulations adopted Germany 's Notzeichen distress signal as the international standard , reading : `` Ships in distress shall use the following signal : · · · - - - · · · repeated at brief intervals '' . |
In modern terminology , SOS is a Morse `` procedural signal '' or `` prosign '' , and the formal way to write it is with a bar above the letters : SOS . | In modern terminology , SOS is a `` procedural signal '' or `` prosign '' , and the formal way to write it is with a bar above the letters . |
With the development of audio radio transmitters , there was a need for a spoken distress phrase , and `` Mayday '' was adopted by the 1927 International Radio Convention as the equivalent of SOS . | When radio transmitters that could send audio were developed , there was a need for a spoken distress phrase , and `` Mayday '' was adopted by the 1927 International Radio Convention as the equivalent of SOS . |
On January 20 , 1914 , the London International Convention on Safety of Life at Sea adopted the Morse code signal TTT ( - - - ) , three letter Ts ( - ) spaced correctly as three letters so as not to be confused with the letter O ( - - - ) , as the `` Safety Signal , '' used for messages to ships `` involving safety of navigation and being of an urgent character . '' | On January 20 , 1914 , the London International Convention on Safety of Life at Sea adopted the Morse code signal TTT ( - - - ) , three letter T 's ( - ) spaced correctly as three letters so as not to be confused with the letter O ( - - - ) , as the `` Safety Signal , '' used for messages to ships `` involving safety of navigation and being of an urgent character . '' |
The fact that SOS can be read right side up as well as upside down ( as an ambigram ) became important for visual recognition if viewed from above . | The fact that SOS can be read right side up as well as upside down became important for visual recognition if viewed from above . |
The SOS distress signal is a continuous sequence of three dits , three dahs , and three dits , all run together without letter spacing . | From the beginning , the SOS distress signal has actually been a continuous sequence of three-dits\/three-dahs\/three-dits , all run together without letter spacing . |
It has also sometimes been used as a visual distress signal , consisting of three short , three long , and three more short flashes of light , such as from a survival mirror , or with `` SOS '' spelled out in individual letters ( for example , stamped in a snowbank or formed out of logs on a beach ) . | SOS has also sometimes been used as a visual distress signal , consisting of three-short\/three-long\/three-short light flashes , or with `` SOS '' spelled out in individual letters , for example , stamped in a snowbank or formed out of logs on a beach . |
However , in International Morse , three dits comprise the letter S , and three dahs the letter O . It therefore soon became common to refer to the distress signal as `` SOS . '' | However , in International Morse three dits make the letter S , and three dahs the letter O , and it soon became common to refer to the distress signal as `` SOS . '' |
Additional warning and distress signals followed the introduction of SOS . | Additional warning and distress signals were introduced after SOS . |
( In International Morse Code , VTB , IJS , VGI , and SMB , among others , would also correctly translate into the · · · - - - · · · distress call sequence , but traditionally only SOS is used ) . | ( In International Morse , VTB , IJS and SMB , among others , would also correctly translate into the · · · - - - · · · distress call sequence , but traditionally only SOS is used ) . |
This distress signal was first adopted by the German government in radio regulations effective April 1 , 1905 , and became the worldwide standard under the second International Radiotelegraphic Convention , which was signed on November 3 , 1906 and became effective on July 1 , 1908 . | It became the worldwide standard when it was included in the second International Radiotelegraphic Convention , which was signed on November 3 , 1906 . |
In 1906 , at the second International Radiotelegraphic Convention in Berlin , an extensive collection of Service Regulations was developed to supplement the main agreement , which was signed on November 3 , 1906 , becoming effective on July 1 , 1908 . | This convention developed many Service Regulations to be added to the main agreement , which was signed on November 3 , 1906 , and became effective on July 1 , 1908 . |
In popular usage , SOS became associated with such phrases as `` save our ship '' , `` save our souls '' and `` send out succor '' . | In popular usage , SOS became associated with phrases such as `` Save Our Souls , '' `` Save our Ship '' `` Save Our Shelby , '' `` Shoot Our Ship '' , `` Sinking Our Ship '' , `` Survivors On Shore '' , and others . |
However , in the interests of consistency and water safety , the use of CQD appears to have died out after this point . | But with the need for consistency for public safety , the use of CQD appears to have generally disappeared after this point . |
SOS is the only 9-element signal in Morse code , making it more easily recognisable , as no other symbol uses more than 8 elements . | SOS ( · · · - - - · · · ) is a Morse code . |
These regulations introduced three new Morse code sequences , including the SOS distress signal . | They introduced three new Morse code sequences , including the SOS distress signal : SOS was developed from the general German radio call `` SOE '' , with the 3 dits of a `` S '' easier to hear in static than the one dit of an `` E '' . |
According to the 2000 census , the county has a total area of 700.76 square miles ( 1,815.0 km2 ) , of which 693.98 square miles ( 1,797.4 km2 ) ( or 99.03 % ) is land and 6.78 square miles ( 17.6 km2 ) ( or 0.97 % ) is water . | 693.98 square miles ( 1,797.4 km2 ) ( or 99.03 % ) is land and 6.78 square miles ( 17.6 km2 ) ( or 0.97 % ) is water . |
Baker County was established on December 30 , 1868 , named for Alfred Baker , with its county seat at Grantville . | It was named for Alfred Baker , with its county seat at Grantville . |
It is home to swamps , prairies and mountains due to the foothills of the Appalachians which end in the county , the Coosa River basin , and its proximity to the Black Belt Prairie . | It is home to swamps , prairies and mountains due to the foothills of the Appalachians . |
Its name is in honor of William Parish Chilton , Sr. ( 1810-1871 ) , a lawyer who became Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court and later represented Montgomery County in the Congress of the Confederate States of America . | William Parish Chilton , Sr. ( 1810-1871 ) , was a lawyer who became Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court . |
Residents of the county petitioned the Alabama legislature for the renaming of their county , it was not something forced upon them . | Residents of the county asked the Alabama legislature for the renaming of their county . |
The county seat is Clanton and it is a prohibition , or dry county . | The county seat is Clanton . |
Abigail Powers Fillmore ( March 13 , 1798 - March 30 , 1853 ) , wife of Millard Fillmore , was First Lady of the United States from 1850 to 1853 . | Abigail Powers Fillmore ( March 13 , 1798 - March 30 , 1853 ) , was the wife of Millard Fillmore , the President of the United States . |
Pleading her delicate health , she entrusted many routine social duties to her daughter , `` Abby . '' | Later on , due to her bad health , she gave many routine duties of the First Lady to her daughter , `` Abby . '' |
Abigail was born in Stillwater , New York , 1798 , in Saratoga County , New York . | She was born in Saratoga County , New York . |
The Fillmores had a son and a daughter : Attaining prosperity at last , Fillmore bought his family a six-room house in Buffalo , New York . | After few years , Fillmore bought a home in Buffalo , New York where she had a daughter , Mary Abigail . |
In 1997 , scientists recorded a record clarity of 43.3 m ( 142 ft ) . | In 1997 , scientists recorded a record clarity of 43.3 meters ( 142 ft ) . |
There are no rivers flowing into or out of the lake ; the evaporation is compensated for by rain and snowfall at a rate such that the total amount of water is replaced every 250 years . | The evaporation is compensated for by rain and snowfall at a rate such that the total amount of water is replaced every 250 years . |
Sediments and landslide debris also covered the caldera floor . | Sediments and material from landslides also covered the caldera floor . |
The Klamath people used Crater Lake in vision quests , which often involved climbing the caldera walls and other dangerous tasks . | The Klamath people used Crater Lake in vision quests . |
On the basis of maximum depth , Crater Lake is the deepest lake in the United States , the second deepest in North America ( after Great Slave Lake in Canada ) , and the ninth deepest lake in the world ( Lake Baikal is the deepest ) . | On the basis of maximum depth , Crater Lake is the deepest lake in the United States . |
Crater Lake is located in Klamath County , approximately 60 miles ( 97 km ) northwest of the county seat of Klamath Falls , and about 80 miles ( 130 km ) northeast of the city of Medford . | The lake is about 60 miles ( 97 km ) northwest of the county seat of Klamath Falls , and about 80 miles ( 130 km ) northeast of Medford . |
Mount Mazama was destroyed in the battle , creating Crater Lake . | Mount Mazama was destroyed in the battle . |
Crater Lake is a caldera lake in the western United States , located in south-central Oregon . | Crater Lake is a caldera lake in the U.S. state of Oregon . |
The lake 's maximum depth has been measured at 1,949 feet ( 594 m ) , which fluctuates slightly as the weather changes . | Its maximum depth is 1,949 feet ( 594 m ) . |
Some hydrothermal activity remains along the lake floor , suggesting that at some time in the future Mazama may erupt once again . | That means that at some time in the future Mazama may erupt once again . |
However , using average depths of the world 's deepest lakes , Crater Lake becomes the deepest lake in the Western Hemisphere and the third deepest in the world . | Crater Lake is also the ninth deepest lake in the world . |
The caldera was created in a massive volcanic eruption between 6,000 and 8,000 years ago that led to the subsidence of Mount Mazama between . | The caldera was created in a massive volcanic eruption . |
The Klamath tribe of Native Americans , who may have witnessed the collapse of Mount Mazama and the formation of Crater Lake , have long regarded the lake as a sacred site . | The Klamath tribe of Native Americans have long thought of the lake as a sacred site . |
Those who were successful in such quests were often regarded as having more spiritual powers . | The Klamath believed those who were successful in such quests had more spiritual powers . |
The lake is 5 by 6 miles ( 8.0 by 9.7 km ) across , with a caldera rim ranging in elevation from 7,000 to 8,000 feet ( 2,100 to 2,400 m ) and an average lake depth of 1,148 feet ( 350 m ) . | The lake has an average depth of 1,148 feet ( 350 m ) . |
Eventually , the caldera cooled , allowing rain and snow to accumulate and eventually form a lake . | That allowed rain and snow to form a lake . |
Due to several unique factors , mainly that the lake has no inlets or tributaries , the waters of Crater Lake are some of the purest because of the absence of pollutants . | The waters of Crater Lake are some of the purest in North America . |
Lava eruptions later created a central platform , Wizard Island , Merriam Cone , and other , smaller volcanic features , including a rhyodacite dome that was eventually created atop the central platform . | Lava eruptions later created a central platform , called Wizard Island . |
Also after some time , the slopes of the lake 's caldera rim more or less stabilized , streams restored a radial drainage pattern on the mountain , and dense forests began to revegetate the barren landscape . | Streams restored a radial drainage pattern on the mountain , and forests began to cover the landscape . |
Mount Mazama , part of the Cascade Range volcanic arc , was built up mostly of andesite , dacite , and rhyodacite over a period of at least 400,000 years . | Mount Mazama is part of the Cascade Range island arc . |
Since that time , all eruptions on Mazama have been confined to the caldera . | Since that time , all eruptions on Mazama are limited to the caldera . |
It is the main feature of Crater Lake National Park and is famous for its deep blue color and water clarity . | It is the main attraction of Crater Lake National Park . |
Clarity readings from a Secchi disk have consistently been in the high-20 meter to mid-30 meter ( 80 to 115-foot ) range , which is very clear for any natural body of water . | Clarity readings have always been in the high-20 meter to mid-30 meter ( 80-115 ft ) range . |
While having no indigenous fish population , the lake was stocked from 1888 to 1941 with a variety of fish . | However , people stocked the lake with different kinds of fish between 1888 and 1941 . |
Even from Alpha Centauri A or B , Proxima would only be seen as a fifth magnitude star . | Even from Alpha Centauri A or B , Proxima would only be seen as a 5th magnitude star . |
In 1951 , American astronomer Harlow Shapley announced that Proxima Centauri is a flare star . | In 1951 , Harlow Shapley said that Proxima Centauri was a flare star . |
Among the known stars , Proxima Centauri has been the closest star to the Sun for about 32,000 years and will be so for about another 33,000 years , after which the closest star to the Sun will be Ross 248 . | Proxima Centauri has been the closest star to the Sun for about the last 32,000 years . |
In 1915 , Scottish astronomer Robert Innes , Director of the Union Observatory in Johannesburg , South Africa , discovered a star that had the same proper motion as Alpha Centauri . | Proxima Centauri was found to share the same proper motion as Alpha Centauri in 1915 by Robert Innes while he was Director of the Union Observatory in Johannesburg , South Africa . |
A study of the bones and joints of the arm , shoulder , and lower limbs also concluded that H. floresiensis was more similar to early humans and apes than modern humans . | A study of the bones and joints of the arm , shoulder , and legs also concluded that H. floresiensis was more similar to early humans and apes than modern humans . |
Subsequent excavations recovered seven additional skeletons , dating from 38,000 to 13,000 years ago . | Excavations done after that recovered seven additional skeletons , dating from 38,000 to 13,000 years ago . |
In 2009 , the publication of a cladistic analysis and a study of comparative body measurements provided further support for the hypothesis that H. floresiensis and Homo sapiens are separate species . | In 2009 , the publication of a cladistic analysis and a study comparing body sizes gave further support for the theory that H. floresiensis and Homo sapiens are separate species . |
Two orthopedic researches published in 2007 reported evidence to support species status for H. floresiensis . | Two studies of the bones published in 2007 both reported evidence to support species status for H. floresiensis . |
An arm bone provisionally assigned to H. floresiensis is about 74,000 years old . | An arm bone which they think belongs to H. floresiensis is about 74,000 years old . |
The most important and obvious identifying features of H. floresiensis are its small body and small cranial capacity . | The most important and obvious identifying features of H. floresiensis are its small body and small size of the space for the brain inside the skull . |
Partial skeletons of nine individuals have been recovered , including one complete cranium ( skull ) . | Parts of the skeletons of nine individuals were found , including one complete cranium ( the bones that form the head ) . |
They were not expecting to find a new species , and were surprised at the recovery of a nearly complete skeleton of a hominin they dubbed LB1 because it was unearthed inside the Liang Bua Cave . | They called it LB1 because it was unearthed inside the Liang Bua Cave . |
The specimens were discovered on the Indonesian island of Flores in 2003 by a joint Australian-Indonesian team of archaeologists looking for evidence of the original human migration of Homo sapiens from Asia to Australia . | The remains were discovered on the Indonesian island of Flores by an Australian-Indonesian team of archaeologists in 2003 . |
The discoverers ( archaeologist Mike Morwood and colleagues ) proposed that a variety of features , both primitive and derived , identify these individuals as belonging to a new species , H. floresiensis , within the taxonomic tribe of Hominini , which includes all species that are more closely related to humans than to chimpanzees . | Archaeologist Mike Morwood and colleagues who found the remains published research to say that they think the individuals belong to a new species , H. floresiensis , within the taxonomic tribe of Hominini . |
A study of three tokens of carpal ( wrist ) bones concluded there were similarities to the carpal bones of a chimpanzee or an early hominin such as Australopithecus and also differences from the bones of modern humans . | A study of three bits of bones from the hand ( or carpal bones ) showed that they were similar to the carpal bones of a chimpanzee or an early hominin such as Australopithecus . |
Doubts that the remains constitute a new species were soon voiced by the Indonesian anthropologist Teuku Jacob , who suggested that the skull of LB1 was a microcephalic modern human . | Indonesian anthropologist Teuku Jacob suggested that the skull of LB1 was a modern human with microcephaly . |
Homo floresiensis ( `` Flores Man '' ; nicknamed `` hobbit '' and `` Flo '' ) is an extinct species in the genus Homo . | Homo floresiensis ( `` Flores Man '' , also called `` hobbit '' ) is a possible species ( type ) in the genus Homo , the biological family to which humans belong . |
The discoverers also proposed that H. floresiensis lived contemporaneously with modern humans on Flores . | The discoverers also say that H. floresiensis might have lived at the same time as modern humans ( Homo sapiens ) on Flores . |
This hominin is remarkable for its small body and brain and for its survival until relatively recent times ( possibly as recently as 12,000 years ago ) . | This hominin ( human-like being ) is remarkable because it has a small body and brain . |
The remains of an individual that would have stood about 3.5 feet ( 1.1 m ) in height were discovered in 2003 on the island of Flores in Indonesia . | The remains were found in 2004 on the island of Flores in Indonesia . |
Since 1990 the district had a partnership with the district Fürth in Bavaria . | Since 1990 the district has a partnership with the district Fürth in Bavaria . |
Stollberg is a former district in the Free State of Saxony , Germany . | Stollberg Rural District is a district in the Free State of Saxony , Germany . |
Pope Innocent X ( Latin : Innocentius X ; 6 May 1574 - 7 January 1655 ) , born Giovanni Battista Pamphilj ( or Pamphili ) , was Pope from 15 September 1644 to his death in 1655 . | Pope Innocent X ( Latin : Innocentius Decimus ; 6 May 1574 - 7 January 1655 ) , born Giovanni Battista Pamphilj , was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 237th Pope from 1644 to 1655 . |
However Sturt , who passed through the district on 12 December 1829 , was not the first explorer to cast eyes on the Murrumbidgee River . | However Sturt , who passed through on 12 December 1829 , was not the first explorer to see the Murrumbidgee River . |
Captain Charles Sturt , the famous explorer , is credited with being the first white man to observe the area that later was to become known as Narrandera . | Captain Charles Sturt , the famous explorer , was the first European to see the area that later became known as Narrandera . |
The name Narrandera is probably derived from Wiradjuri nharrang , meaning `` frill-necked lizard '' . | The name Narrandera probably comes from Wiradjuri word nharrang , meaning `` frill-necked lizard '' . |
Narrandera ( \ / nəˈrændərə \ / nə-RAN-dər-ə ) until around 1949 also spelled `` Narandera '' , is a town in southern New South Wales , Australia . | Narrandera ( \ / nəˈrændərə \ / nə-RAN-dər-ə ) is a town in southern New South Wales , Australia . |
Narrandera is a river town with a rich heritage . | Narrandera is a river town with a long history . |
Narrandera had its first recorded mention as a pastoral station or `` run '' ( Narrandera Run ) in 1848 , at which time the property held by Mr Edward Flood comprised approximately 76,800 acres ( 31,080 ha ) . | The property was owned by Mr Edward Flood covered about 76,800 acres ( 31,080 ha ) . |
The Borough of Narrandera was constituted by proclamation dated 17 March 1885 , and gazetted the following day . | The Borough of Narrandera began on 17 March 1885 . |
It is an important destination for travellers as it lies on the junction of the Newell and Sturt Highways and it is the gateway to the productive Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area . | It is near the junction of the Newell and Sturt Highways , on the banks of the Murrumbidgee River . |
Lorenzo Da Ponte ( 10 March 1749 - 17 August 1838 ) was a Venetian opera librettist and poet . | Lorenzo da Ponte ( March 10 , 1749 - August 17 , 1838 ) was an opera librettist and poet . |
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